1 00:00:05,120 --> 00:00:09,200 Speaker 1: Welcome to the Bloomberg Surveillance Podcast. I'm Tom Keene, along 2 00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:13,200 Speaker 1: with Jonathan Ferrell and Lisa Brownwitz Jaileye. We bring you 3 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:18,560 Speaker 1: insight from the best and economics, finance, investment, and international relations. 4 00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:23,840 Speaker 1: Find Bloomberg Surveillance, an Apple podcast, Suncloud, Bloomberg dot Com, 5 00:00:23,920 --> 00:00:31,600 Speaker 1: and of course on the Bloomberg terminal. Everybody seems to 6 00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:33,720 Speaker 1: be saying this morning and over the last few weeks, 7 00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:37,280 Speaker 1: expect volatility. This is the line from City Expect volatility. 8 00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:39,519 Speaker 1: Because we are no longer at the beginning of this cycle. 9 00:00:39,640 --> 00:00:42,000 Speaker 1: Leadership becomes less clear at this time in the cycle, 10 00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:44,560 Speaker 1: and while the leadership will narrow, it can also be 11 00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:47,919 Speaker 1: quite shoppy. Let's get to Christine Bitterly, City Regional head 12 00:00:47,920 --> 00:00:50,400 Speaker 1: of Investments for North America's Christy, let's start there. Why 13 00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:55,160 Speaker 1: should we expect volatility? So when we look at any cycle, 14 00:00:55,280 --> 00:00:57,400 Speaker 1: right when you're you're looking at the beginning of a cycle, 15 00:00:57,800 --> 00:01:00,000 Speaker 1: that's where you see the strongest rallies. And we've see 16 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:03,000 Speaker 1: in that over the past twelve months, we've seen essentially 17 00:01:03,240 --> 00:01:06,600 Speaker 1: everything moving up and and there's been periods of different leadership, 18 00:01:07,080 --> 00:01:09,880 Speaker 1: very clear periods of whether it was growth versus value 19 00:01:10,040 --> 00:01:13,880 Speaker 1: COVID defenses versus COVID cyclicals. But now the leadership isn't 20 00:01:13,959 --> 00:01:16,440 Speaker 1: quite clear, and so one of the things that has 21 00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:20,679 Speaker 1: investors very, very nervous and why we're expecting volatility is 22 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:24,280 Speaker 1: that realized volatility in US equity markets are at the 23 00:01:24,319 --> 00:01:27,480 Speaker 1: lowest end of the twenty year range, in the single digits. 24 00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:29,480 Speaker 1: And you can see this through the market action that 25 00:01:29,520 --> 00:01:32,480 Speaker 1: we've seen. We've not had one pullback of five per 26 00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:36,120 Speaker 1: cent or more in one This has only happened twice 27 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:39,120 Speaker 1: since nineteen and well, we've had a couple of pullbacks 28 00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:42,800 Speaker 1: of about three percent, they've been bought very very quickly, 29 00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:45,800 Speaker 1: and so I think this has a lot of investors wondering, Okay, 30 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:49,040 Speaker 1: well we actually see realize volatility rise, and will that 31 00:01:49,080 --> 00:01:51,600 Speaker 1: put us into what is actually a pretty normal equity 32 00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:54,080 Speaker 1: market of a couple of pullbacks of five per cent 33 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:56,000 Speaker 1: or more and even up to one of ten percent. 34 00:01:56,240 --> 00:01:59,360 Speaker 1: But Kristen, is this the same equity market as ten 35 00:02:00,120 --> 00:02:02,400 Speaker 1: thirty years ago? And I'm looking at the dominance of 36 00:02:02,440 --> 00:02:05,280 Speaker 1: the big names, I'm looking at the composition that has 37 00:02:05,360 --> 00:02:08,800 Speaker 1: actually performed very differently depending on which sector of the 38 00:02:08,840 --> 00:02:11,200 Speaker 1: market you're looking at. I mean, can we get a 39 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:14,040 Speaker 1: broad based five percent draw down given how much money 40 00:02:14,040 --> 00:02:19,760 Speaker 1: and given how selective people are with respect to sector selection. Yeah, 41 00:02:19,840 --> 00:02:22,440 Speaker 1: it's a great point, right when we're looking at the 42 00:02:22,560 --> 00:02:25,079 Speaker 1: rally that we've seen even year to date, there has 43 00:02:25,120 --> 00:02:28,280 Speaker 1: been a lot of breakdown in correlation so up until 44 00:02:28,320 --> 00:02:31,560 Speaker 1: even recently, right the under performance of small caps when 45 00:02:31,600 --> 00:02:33,200 Speaker 1: you look at what we went through with with the 46 00:02:33,280 --> 00:02:35,680 Speaker 1: delta variant, almost like a mini kind of what we 47 00:02:35,720 --> 00:02:38,400 Speaker 1: went through last year in terms of tech coming out 48 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:42,080 Speaker 1: ahead as opposed to value really dominating the first on 49 00:02:42,160 --> 00:02:44,200 Speaker 1: half of the year. I think what the market is 50 00:02:44,240 --> 00:02:46,720 Speaker 1: going to differentiate going forward, and this is where we're 51 00:02:46,760 --> 00:02:50,440 Speaker 1: allocating in our portfolios, is to quality. So this becomes 52 00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:54,600 Speaker 1: much more a conversation around those companies with strong balance 53 00:02:54,639 --> 00:02:57,760 Speaker 1: sheets that have the ability to grow their earnings, have 54 00:02:57,880 --> 00:03:00,760 Speaker 1: the ability to grow their dividends, which is very important 55 00:03:00,760 --> 00:03:03,400 Speaker 1: in this rates environment, and so earnings are really going 56 00:03:03,440 --> 00:03:06,720 Speaker 1: to drive this conversation and fundamentals going forward. So a 57 00:03:06,760 --> 00:03:08,760 Speaker 1: flight to quality. You have a lot of other calls 58 00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:11,440 Speaker 1: to get a little bit more defensive within this equity market, Kristen, 59 00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:14,560 Speaker 1: But is it time to go to cash? So we 60 00:03:14,639 --> 00:03:17,000 Speaker 1: do not believe it's time to go to cash. So cash, 61 00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:20,800 Speaker 1: there's really multiple purposes of cash. Right from an investor perspective, 62 00:03:21,040 --> 00:03:23,480 Speaker 1: one of course, have a safety net, have your operating 63 00:03:23,560 --> 00:03:26,359 Speaker 1: cash what you need. But in terms of an investment, 64 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:30,000 Speaker 1: right now, when we look at the inflationary pressures, this 65 00:03:30,080 --> 00:03:33,000 Speaker 1: is an asset that's guaranteed to lose money. And so 66 00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:35,960 Speaker 1: if you want some tactical cash in your portfolio because 67 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:38,520 Speaker 1: you are there to buy the dip, you can confidently 68 00:03:38,560 --> 00:03:41,120 Speaker 1: buy the dip. There's some value in that. But what 69 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:43,400 Speaker 1: we're seeing in a lot of investors portfolios, and we've 70 00:03:43,400 --> 00:03:46,200 Speaker 1: seen this for several months, is a lot of cash 71 00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:48,840 Speaker 1: sitting on the sidelines. So this is no longer about 72 00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:52,280 Speaker 1: an investment decision. This is really someone trying to market time, 73 00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:55,080 Speaker 1: which doesn't work in the short run or the long 74 00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:57,200 Speaker 1: run for that matter. Christan, just to conclude, I want 75 00:03:57,240 --> 00:03:59,280 Speaker 1: to go through this research report and might get really 76 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:01,640 Speaker 1: clear some of the think that you're highlighting. Lumber down 77 00:04:01,680 --> 00:04:04,840 Speaker 1: sevent since May on all down thirty percent of the 78 00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:07,400 Speaker 1: same time period, Chinese equities down thirty percent is the 79 00:04:07,400 --> 00:04:10,200 Speaker 1: middle of February. Brasilian equities getting hammered as well. US 80 00:04:10,240 --> 00:04:12,880 Speaker 1: small camps down to performing is the middle of March 81 00:04:13,600 --> 00:04:15,840 Speaker 1: at the time of publishing those numbers are assume were correct, 82 00:04:15,880 --> 00:04:18,440 Speaker 1: and I'm sure they're still there and they're abouts the same, 83 00:04:18,560 --> 00:04:22,320 Speaker 1: christin what's the punch line here? So the punch line 84 00:04:22,440 --> 00:04:25,880 Speaker 1: is despite a lot of the central bank support and liquidity, 85 00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:28,960 Speaker 1: markets are differentiating, right, and that's that's quite healthy. I 86 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:31,280 Speaker 1: think what you need to do as an investor again 87 00:04:31,320 --> 00:04:33,800 Speaker 1: always bringing this back to actionable ideas and what we 88 00:04:33,800 --> 00:04:36,320 Speaker 1: can do within our portfolios, is this becomes a period 89 00:04:36,360 --> 00:04:38,760 Speaker 1: of being selective. Right, this is not a market of 90 00:04:38,839 --> 00:04:41,520 Speaker 1: everything is going to go up, everything is going to win, 91 00:04:41,680 --> 00:04:44,479 Speaker 1: and so being selective not only in terms of regions 92 00:04:44,480 --> 00:04:46,400 Speaker 1: of the world that you're in, as you've been discussing 93 00:04:47,040 --> 00:04:50,200 Speaker 1: all morning, but also in terms of security selection because 94 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:53,279 Speaker 1: there will be winners and losers based on fundamentals and earnings. 95 00:04:53,320 --> 00:04:55,080 Speaker 1: Christ and always got to cash out with you. Thanks 96 00:04:55,080 --> 00:05:04,120 Speaker 1: for being with us. Christin Biddley there of city people 97 00:05:04,120 --> 00:05:06,720 Speaker 1: have missed out on the upside, how much becomes above 98 00:05:06,760 --> 00:05:09,719 Speaker 1: love and response where if in doubt by right and 99 00:05:09,760 --> 00:05:12,080 Speaker 1: this idea that if you miss out, you will just 100 00:05:12,160 --> 00:05:14,120 Speaker 1: keep missing out, because that's how it has been over 101 00:05:14,160 --> 00:05:17,600 Speaker 1: the past twenty years. What breaks that paradigms brund shooting. 102 00:05:17,600 --> 00:05:20,279 Speaker 1: Now we can do that with Northwestern's Mutual Wealth Management 103 00:05:20,320 --> 00:05:24,400 Speaker 1: chief investment strategist Brend your words, investors and the three 104 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:27,240 Speaker 1: camps they fall into right now, Those were the economy 105 00:05:27,279 --> 00:05:30,720 Speaker 1: is growing too fast, those worried growth is peaking, and 106 00:05:30,760 --> 00:05:34,600 Speaker 1: those worried stock valuations are simply too high. Are you 107 00:05:34,640 --> 00:05:37,640 Speaker 1: in any of those three camps right now? Brent, No, 108 00:05:37,800 --> 00:05:39,280 Speaker 1: It was something we worried about. So we got to 109 00:05:39,520 --> 00:05:43,320 Speaker 1: mayor June and economic growth was finally strong, COVID cases 110 00:05:43,320 --> 00:05:45,600 Speaker 1: were declining, and we all set around and thought about 111 00:05:45,600 --> 00:05:47,520 Speaker 1: what is next. And I think as you've kind of 112 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:50,560 Speaker 1: been tweaking, lisagested that people were worried about those three 113 00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:53,599 Speaker 1: things occurring. That was where the worries were. We see 114 00:05:53,600 --> 00:05:55,640 Speaker 1: each one of those subsiding as you move towards the 115 00:05:55,720 --> 00:05:57,360 Speaker 1: end of the year, and that to us means a 116 00:05:57,440 --> 00:06:01,719 Speaker 1: higher equity market led by more cyclical aspects of the market. 117 00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:05,440 Speaker 1: So think value stocks, think uh, small cap stocks, and 118 00:06:05,480 --> 00:06:08,120 Speaker 1: think the Eurozone, and so we do think there's room 119 00:06:08,200 --> 00:06:10,600 Speaker 1: left to run. It's just you've had this defensive versus 120 00:06:10,640 --> 00:06:13,960 Speaker 1: cyclicals defenses have really won the day over the summer. 121 00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:15,560 Speaker 1: But I think it's because of those three worries, and 122 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:17,520 Speaker 1: I think each one of those three pulls back into 123 00:06:17,560 --> 00:06:18,880 Speaker 1: the end of the year, and I think that's the 124 00:06:18,880 --> 00:06:20,920 Speaker 1: impetus for the rally that we expect to occur. Bright, 125 00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:24,200 Speaker 1: Let's try to put some quantification around how much room 126 00:06:24,240 --> 00:06:26,839 Speaker 1: there is to rally. What kind of returns are you 127 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:29,479 Speaker 1: expecting are you shooting for with the likes of a 128 00:06:29,560 --> 00:06:32,400 Speaker 1: small cap bet at this point in the cycle. Well, 129 00:06:32,440 --> 00:06:34,560 Speaker 1: I mean, I think everything is less than it was before, correct, 130 00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:35,920 Speaker 1: And so if I think back to last year, we 131 00:06:35,960 --> 00:06:38,279 Speaker 1: went overweight equities with an uncertain outcome, but but the 132 00:06:38,279 --> 00:06:40,960 Speaker 1: opportunities that was so wide. I think about today, I'm 133 00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:43,599 Speaker 1: a bit more certain about what the economy holds pushing forward. 134 00:06:43,800 --> 00:06:47,280 Speaker 1: There are still, as always uncertainties, but the opportunity set 135 00:06:47,279 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: is smaller, and so I think about relative performance more 136 00:06:49,600 --> 00:06:51,839 Speaker 1: and I think small caps are set to outperform their 137 00:06:51,960 --> 00:06:54,839 Speaker 1: large cap counterparts, and the Eurozone is set to outperform 138 00:06:54,880 --> 00:06:58,400 Speaker 1: probably both of those and so much much more muted returns, 139 00:06:58,680 --> 00:07:01,160 Speaker 1: but still in the contact of a tenure treasury. As 140 00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:04,599 Speaker 1: you opened the show at one two three. Whatever it 141 00:07:04,680 --> 00:07:09,320 Speaker 1: is today, stocks are still a relative valuation advantage towards 142 00:07:09,400 --> 00:07:12,119 Speaker 1: bonds and that isn't changing until the ten your treasury changes, 143 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:14,560 Speaker 1: and that's still where central banks are impacting the most. Well, 144 00:07:14,560 --> 00:07:16,160 Speaker 1: brend I'm glad you brought that up because we were 145 00:07:16,160 --> 00:07:19,160 Speaker 1: having a conversation in the previous hour about big tech 146 00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:21,280 Speaker 1: and how it was kind of unusual that we had 147 00:07:21,320 --> 00:07:23,520 Speaker 1: record highs for the Fang stocks yesterday on a day 148 00:07:23,560 --> 00:07:25,920 Speaker 1: when yields actually rose. But when we saw the low 149 00:07:26,320 --> 00:07:28,200 Speaker 1: for the NASDAC one hundred this year, it was on 150 00:07:28,280 --> 00:07:30,240 Speaker 1: March eighth, and the tenure treasury yield was at one 151 00:07:30,320 --> 00:07:33,440 Speaker 1: sixty on that day. We are still twenty five basis 152 00:07:33,520 --> 00:07:37,120 Speaker 1: points below that. So can you make a case really 153 00:07:37,160 --> 00:07:41,360 Speaker 1: against big tech if yields kind of stay in this range? Yeah? 154 00:07:41,400 --> 00:07:42,880 Speaker 1: And I mean I think it's more of an economic 155 00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:44,680 Speaker 1: growth and what's keeping the treasury in that range? And 156 00:07:44,720 --> 00:07:46,520 Speaker 1: so is it tapering as a distortion? Is it just 157 00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:49,000 Speaker 1: a lot of liquidity around the globe? Um? I just 158 00:07:49,040 --> 00:07:51,000 Speaker 1: think the small cap in the cycnical trade to me, 159 00:07:51,040 --> 00:07:53,360 Speaker 1: is more tied to strong economic growth that I think 160 00:07:53,360 --> 00:07:56,680 Speaker 1: people were worried about or peaking. UM. If anything, it's 161 00:07:56,680 --> 00:07:59,120 Speaker 1: a plateau. You have companies with huge amounts of new 162 00:07:59,200 --> 00:08:03,520 Speaker 1: orders hugh backlogs order UH and low inventories. You have 163 00:08:03,560 --> 00:08:06,080 Speaker 1: consumers with incredibly strong balance sheets who have probably been 164 00:08:06,120 --> 00:08:08,320 Speaker 1: pushed out just a bit because of what Delta has done. 165 00:08:08,640 --> 00:08:11,280 Speaker 1: And so I think you continue to see economic growth 166 00:08:11,320 --> 00:08:13,880 Speaker 1: that remains strong. I'm not for sure what the tenor 167 00:08:13,960 --> 00:08:16,360 Speaker 1: Treasury does. I expected to have an upward biass tapering 168 00:08:16,400 --> 00:08:18,760 Speaker 1: is announced, but I think all those things point to 169 00:08:18,760 --> 00:08:20,920 Speaker 1: an economic cycle that lasts just a bit longer and 170 00:08:21,080 --> 00:08:25,320 Speaker 1: is a bit higher for a while. UH and valuation. 171 00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:28,760 Speaker 1: We think many economic cycle investors are ignoring still points 172 00:08:28,760 --> 00:08:31,320 Speaker 1: to small caps and value stocks are being cheap relative 173 00:08:31,320 --> 00:08:33,839 Speaker 1: to their counterparts brand. You mentioned small caps, small caps 174 00:08:33,880 --> 00:08:37,240 Speaker 1: over large caps. You mentioned cheap. A lot of people 175 00:08:37,280 --> 00:08:39,360 Speaker 1: would say Europe cheap in the Owned States, and we've 176 00:08:39,360 --> 00:08:41,599 Speaker 1: said that for a long long time. You touched on 177 00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:43,520 Speaker 1: the euro Zone and talked about the potential for our 178 00:08:43,600 --> 00:08:47,000 Speaker 1: performance there. What do you like about Europe? Bren It's 179 00:08:47,080 --> 00:08:49,599 Speaker 1: much more cyclically inclined, and so they set up of 180 00:08:49,640 --> 00:08:52,080 Speaker 1: the index is much more cyclical in nature. Europe has 181 00:08:52,080 --> 00:08:53,560 Speaker 1: been cheap for a while. It was in need of 182 00:08:53,559 --> 00:08:56,240 Speaker 1: a catalyst. It actually has that now the Central Bank 183 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:58,440 Speaker 1: there has done things quite frankly, that they hadn't done 184 00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:00,720 Speaker 1: in the past. Germans have even gone on a fiscal 185 00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:02,720 Speaker 1: stunding spree. And so I just think that you have 186 00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:05,920 Speaker 1: strong cyclical economic growth for really the first time in 187 00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:08,360 Speaker 1: ten years to twelve years, and I think that's a 188 00:09:08,400 --> 00:09:11,439 Speaker 1: backdrop for yours on stock Stanley being appreciated by investors. Brent. 189 00:09:11,520 --> 00:09:15,199 Speaker 1: There's a column in the Telegraph by Ambrose Evans Pritcher 190 00:09:15,320 --> 00:09:17,920 Speaker 1: talking about how Germany does. Those seem to be losing 191 00:09:17,960 --> 00:09:21,720 Speaker 1: patients with quantitative easing, and they're starting to indicate perhaps 192 00:09:21,720 --> 00:09:24,719 Speaker 1: they don't want to keep the pedal going for as 193 00:09:24,760 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 1: long as they have for the foreseeable future. This really 194 00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:30,559 Speaker 1: bleeds into the potential for taper talk tomorrow at the 195 00:09:30,600 --> 00:09:33,840 Speaker 1: ECB meeting. If they were to start talkering and talking 196 00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:38,080 Speaker 1: about tapering, their QUI will that change your view on Europe? Yeah, 197 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:40,160 Speaker 1: it's certainly a risk. And I think of UM, the 198 00:09:40,200 --> 00:09:42,120 Speaker 1: Central Banks right now is three yards in a cloud 199 00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:44,120 Speaker 1: of dust. So sorry, Jonathan, just a different football game 200 00:09:44,120 --> 00:09:46,839 Speaker 1: than you're used to, UM. But they're advancing the ball 201 00:09:46,880 --> 00:09:48,920 Speaker 1: slowly to try not to get any market reaction, and 202 00:09:48,920 --> 00:09:51,600 Speaker 1: I think central banks around the globe, I think people 203 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:53,880 Speaker 1: need to stop focusing on their day to day operations 204 00:09:53,880 --> 00:09:56,480 Speaker 1: and focus on their action function. And it's still to 205 00:09:56,520 --> 00:09:58,640 Speaker 1: do more, not to do less. Certainly the years on, 206 00:09:58,760 --> 00:10:01,400 Speaker 1: probably a bit less than the US, but in general, 207 00:10:01,480 --> 00:10:04,880 Speaker 1: overall central banks stand at the ready and we'll continue 208 00:10:04,920 --> 00:10:06,839 Speaker 1: to do so until there's a cost on either side. 209 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:09,720 Speaker 1: Right now, I know there's talking inflation, but that cost 210 00:10:09,840 --> 00:10:12,560 Speaker 1: is still relatively low. Interest rates are well behaved, and 211 00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:15,160 Speaker 1: they've failed on their mandate for ten years. They're going 212 00:10:15,200 --> 00:10:17,079 Speaker 1: to push as hard as they can for as long 213 00:10:17,120 --> 00:10:20,080 Speaker 1: as they can, as long as inflation allows them to 214 00:10:20,080 --> 00:10:22,040 Speaker 1: do so. And I just think that as you move 215 00:10:22,080 --> 00:10:23,439 Speaker 1: into the end of the year, inflation is going to 216 00:10:23,520 --> 00:10:25,840 Speaker 1: pull back and that taper talk and everything else going 217 00:10:25,880 --> 00:10:28,080 Speaker 1: to subside just a bit. Is that football with the 218 00:10:28,120 --> 00:10:33,160 Speaker 1: hands they used the hands for the hands, three yards 219 00:10:33,160 --> 00:10:35,760 Speaker 1: in a cloud of dust towards the goal line. Is 220 00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:37,839 Speaker 1: this good? Is this a good? Tom Keane? It's an 221 00:10:37,840 --> 00:10:44,600 Speaker 1: oblong round ball. Thank your French Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management 222 00:10:44,640 --> 00:10:52,760 Speaker 1: chief investment strategist. I'm pleased to say that my good friend, 223 00:10:52,800 --> 00:10:56,160 Speaker 1: my old buddy Bloomberg's Manners Cranny standing by in Cairo. 224 00:10:56,640 --> 00:10:58,800 Speaker 1: Mannus go to hear from you, sir, and just look 225 00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:00,640 Speaker 1: at that chair. If only the could see this on 226 00:11:00,840 --> 00:11:08,160 Speaker 1: radio A palatial Mannas Cranny this morning, Jonathan, New York, 227 00:11:08,200 --> 00:11:11,240 Speaker 1: thank you very much for the welcome. Yes, we are 228 00:11:11,320 --> 00:11:15,240 Speaker 1: in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at a very timely moment. 229 00:11:15,520 --> 00:11:19,440 Speaker 1: Were joined by his Excellency Summer Chokri, the Foreign Minister 230 00:11:19,600 --> 00:11:23,800 Speaker 1: for Egypt. Sir, thank you for having us into your office. 231 00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:27,560 Speaker 1: Is at a grand home. It's an interesting time in 232 00:11:27,559 --> 00:11:32,520 Speaker 1: our region. Biden is delivering on Trump's plan to leave Afghanistan. 233 00:11:32,679 --> 00:11:36,400 Speaker 1: That is done. What does that mean for the Middle 234 00:11:36,440 --> 00:11:43,200 Speaker 1: East for you? Certainly, the ongoing conflict in in Afghanistan 235 00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:47,800 Speaker 1: and Iraq has burdened the region quite substantially over the years, 236 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:52,640 Speaker 1: and the departure, of course from Afghanistan has its ramifications 237 00:11:52,720 --> 00:11:58,400 Speaker 1: and will be followed and deliberated upon within the context 238 00:11:58,480 --> 00:12:03,320 Speaker 1: of uh the other region. Tomorrow we have a meeting 239 00:12:03,360 --> 00:12:07,840 Speaker 1: of the Ministerial Arab League and that issue will will 240 00:12:07,880 --> 00:12:12,800 Speaker 1: come will be a focus of discussions between the ministers. Undoubtedly, 241 00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:19,280 Speaker 1: transformation of this nature and this magnitude will have interesting repercussions, 242 00:12:19,320 --> 00:12:21,480 Speaker 1: and we are wait to see what those repercussions are 243 00:12:21,520 --> 00:12:26,040 Speaker 1: in terms of how the the new Taliban government will operate, 244 00:12:26,280 --> 00:12:29,880 Speaker 1: how it will sustain the commitments that it has made, 245 00:12:29,920 --> 00:12:36,360 Speaker 1: and and how we can have a the security and 246 00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:40,680 Speaker 1: the stability of the region within the newly existing situation. 247 00:12:40,920 --> 00:12:44,240 Speaker 1: But do you see this as a disengagement by the 248 00:12:44,280 --> 00:12:48,640 Speaker 1: Biden administration making this region more unstable? Uh? No, I 249 00:12:49,080 --> 00:12:51,679 Speaker 1: don't think the United States has a superpower, as a 250 00:12:52,920 --> 00:12:57,559 Speaker 1: power with both interests and very deep relationships with the 251 00:12:57,600 --> 00:13:00,280 Speaker 1: countries of the Middle East, is in a position or 252 00:13:00,360 --> 00:13:03,600 Speaker 1: can disengage. I think it will continue to rely on 253 00:13:03,679 --> 00:13:10,439 Speaker 1: its traditional relationships and partnerships among them with Egypt strategic ally, 254 00:13:10,559 --> 00:13:15,840 Speaker 1: and will continue to extract its interests and also provide 255 00:13:16,200 --> 00:13:21,280 Speaker 1: the security and the stability that the region needs. My 256 00:13:21,320 --> 00:13:22,960 Speaker 1: assessment as I got on the plane to come to 257 00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:27,760 Speaker 1: Carl is there is a tectonic shift in discussions between 258 00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:31,240 Speaker 1: the nations here in the Middle East. Would you describe 259 00:13:31,280 --> 00:13:35,880 Speaker 1: that between yourselves and and Turkey, the UAE and Turkey, 260 00:13:35,920 --> 00:13:39,040 Speaker 1: there is in my mind a tectonic shift. Do you agree? 261 00:13:40,160 --> 00:13:44,600 Speaker 1: Not necessarily, I agree that the region is undergoing a 262 00:13:44,720 --> 00:13:50,439 Speaker 1: very turbulent and volatile situation where there has been, of course, 263 00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:56,400 Speaker 1: conditions that have not been readily contributing to the peace 264 00:13:56,400 --> 00:13:59,640 Speaker 1: and security of the region. We have conflicts in Libya, 265 00:13:59,760 --> 00:14:03,680 Speaker 1: in Yemen, in of course, the situation of terrorism and 266 00:14:03,679 --> 00:14:06,720 Speaker 1: and the threats the current situation in Syria and Lebanon. 267 00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:10,280 Speaker 1: These are all issues that have to be addressed, and 268 00:14:10,440 --> 00:14:12,439 Speaker 1: I think it is in the best interest of the 269 00:14:12,520 --> 00:14:18,439 Speaker 1: nations of the region to uh expand the communications and 270 00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:22,600 Speaker 1: the understandings that can provide for the security and stability. 271 00:14:22,880 --> 00:14:26,560 Speaker 1: You're a boy to enter blind too of discussions with Turkey. 272 00:14:26,680 --> 00:14:31,880 Speaker 1: Egypt Turkey upgrade bilateral relationship. What does that mean? Will 273 00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:35,640 Speaker 1: you store diplomatic ties at this stage? This is the 274 00:14:35,680 --> 00:14:40,280 Speaker 1: second round of exploratory talks between Egypt and Turkey. This 275 00:14:40,440 --> 00:14:44,000 Speaker 1: comes at the invitation of the Turkish government. We have 276 00:14:45,880 --> 00:14:50,040 Speaker 1: ben eager to find a resolution and to find the 277 00:14:50,120 --> 00:14:55,920 Speaker 1: necessary formula for regaining the normal relations between the two countries. 278 00:14:55,960 --> 00:14:58,280 Speaker 1: But I think at this stage we still have to 279 00:14:59,240 --> 00:15:02,800 Speaker 1: evaluate the the outcome of this second round of discussions 280 00:15:03,400 --> 00:15:08,080 Speaker 1: and primarily the context of the bilateral relations. The bilateral 281 00:15:08,120 --> 00:15:13,680 Speaker 1: relations and certain measures that were taken by Turkey need 282 00:15:13,760 --> 00:15:18,600 Speaker 1: to be somehow addressed, and when we are satisfied that 283 00:15:18,680 --> 00:15:22,320 Speaker 1: those issues have been resolved, that will open the door 284 00:15:22,400 --> 00:15:25,080 Speaker 1: for further progress. I have a lot to get through, 285 00:15:25,200 --> 00:15:28,560 Speaker 1: and time, of course, is a natural enemy. But if 286 00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:30,640 Speaker 1: I say to you in a suctinct way, what do 287 00:15:30,680 --> 00:15:33,840 Speaker 1: you need to see from the text to move forward 288 00:15:33,920 --> 00:15:35,760 Speaker 1: to restore a by lateral relations, what would that be. 289 00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:41,000 Speaker 1: We have provided Turkey with a with our assessment and 290 00:15:41,120 --> 00:15:47,040 Speaker 1: our requirements. I think they very well comprehend and can 291 00:15:47,800 --> 00:15:51,040 Speaker 1: fulfill all of these issues, and we hope that they 292 00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:55,480 Speaker 1: do so that we can move forward on the renaissance. Damn. 293 00:15:55,840 --> 00:15:59,480 Speaker 1: It's a very contentious issue, obviously, and you've tried to 294 00:15:59,560 --> 00:16:02,640 Speaker 1: arbitrate with Ethiopia, and several times President CC has said 295 00:16:02,680 --> 00:16:06,840 Speaker 1: all options are on the table, including military action. Sir, 296 00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:10,200 Speaker 1: are you prepared to take military action against Ethiopia? The 297 00:16:10,240 --> 00:16:14,240 Speaker 1: President has never indicated that he would be taking military action, 298 00:16:14,360 --> 00:16:17,120 Speaker 1: But I think the terminology has always been that for 299 00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:20,920 Speaker 1: any country, all options are always open, and we have 300 00:16:21,240 --> 00:16:25,200 Speaker 1: committed ourselves to the negotiating process. We have endorsed the 301 00:16:25,280 --> 00:16:28,720 Speaker 1: negotiations over the last ten years, and we have supported 302 00:16:28,760 --> 00:16:31,880 Speaker 1: the negotiations of the African Union under the chairmanship of 303 00:16:31,960 --> 00:16:35,920 Speaker 1: Presidents Acadia, and they'll continue to seek an enhanced stroll 304 00:16:36,040 --> 00:16:39,560 Speaker 1: for the observers to help the parties to find a resolution. 305 00:16:39,600 --> 00:16:43,000 Speaker 1: Would you do everything to avoid conflict? Definitely. I think 306 00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:47,360 Speaker 1: nobody seeks conflict. We have been committed over ten years 307 00:16:47,400 --> 00:16:51,840 Speaker 1: to a peaceful resolution of this issue based on international law, 308 00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:55,560 Speaker 1: based on best practice, and I think we are still 309 00:16:56,120 --> 00:16:59,480 Speaker 1: would seek that the political will of the Ethiopian government 310 00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:03,560 Speaker 1: is demon strated by signing an agreement. Thank you very 311 00:17:03,640 --> 00:17:06,240 Speaker 1: much for joining us, Foreign Minister, thank you for the 312 00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:08,440 Speaker 1: welcome to the country. I hope that we come back again. 313 00:17:08,640 --> 00:17:12,800 Speaker 1: Sally Schell create the Foreign Minister for agent joining me. Uh, 314 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:15,000 Speaker 1: it's been a great trip and I've got to say 315 00:17:15,359 --> 00:17:17,320 Speaker 1: when it comes to when it comes to offices, sir, 316 00:17:18,119 --> 00:17:20,760 Speaker 1: I think you're on a winning trade. Thank you very much. 317 00:17:20,760 --> 00:17:29,400 Speaker 1: Sick joining us now is the man himself, David Rubinstein, 318 00:17:29,480 --> 00:17:31,240 Speaker 1: the co founder of the Carlisle Group, but of course 319 00:17:31,280 --> 00:17:33,920 Speaker 1: the host of its fantastic show, Reid Hoffman, a really 320 00:17:33,960 --> 00:17:36,400 Speaker 1: important person to be talking to at this moment where 321 00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:39,359 Speaker 1: we see this tech battle really heating up between the 322 00:17:39,440 --> 00:17:42,760 Speaker 1: US and China. Where did he sort of throw his 323 00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:46,119 Speaker 1: hat in terms of which region had the upper hand 324 00:17:46,520 --> 00:17:51,200 Speaker 1: in this tussle. There's no doubt that the Silicon Valley 325 00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:53,800 Speaker 1: has had the upper hand for decades. But he does 326 00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:57,119 Speaker 1: think that China is now competing effectively with the United States. 327 00:17:57,440 --> 00:18:01,000 Speaker 1: And you have these two polar opposite in effect, China 328 00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:04,520 Speaker 1: with one system for entrepreneurial activity and Silicon Valley with another. 329 00:18:04,920 --> 00:18:06,800 Speaker 1: And he thinks that China is doing what he calls 330 00:18:06,800 --> 00:18:09,840 Speaker 1: blitz scaling, which means building very large companies. That's what's 331 00:18:09,840 --> 00:18:13,280 Speaker 1: happened in the United States with Amazon and Apple and Netscape, 332 00:18:13,359 --> 00:18:16,080 Speaker 1: very large companies that operate at scale. And he thinks 333 00:18:16,080 --> 00:18:18,359 Speaker 1: that China is doing the same thing. Well, that's the 334 00:18:18,640 --> 00:18:21,320 Speaker 1: bigger picture. And yet the micro picture has been an 335 00:18:21,359 --> 00:18:24,040 Speaker 1: increasing crackdown on some of these behemoths, and some of 336 00:18:24,040 --> 00:18:27,000 Speaker 1: the blitz creeged companies are the companies that have benefited 337 00:18:27,160 --> 00:18:29,440 Speaker 1: from their approach. How does he view that, I mean, 338 00:18:29,440 --> 00:18:31,480 Speaker 1: does he believe that that will foster innovation and the 339 00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:36,720 Speaker 1: potentially put a damper on it by raising regulatory uncertainty. Well, 340 00:18:36,760 --> 00:18:38,879 Speaker 1: clearly in China wants to make it clear that the 341 00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:42,080 Speaker 1: Chinese government is the most important thing in Chinese society, 342 00:18:42,440 --> 00:18:45,000 Speaker 1: and once the entrepreneurs recognized that they can go about 343 00:18:45,040 --> 00:18:48,280 Speaker 1: their business. But clearly China doesn't want companies that are 344 00:18:48,320 --> 00:18:51,400 Speaker 1: more powerful than the President of China or their entrepreneurs 345 00:18:51,440 --> 00:18:53,679 Speaker 1: being more powerful, so they have had some kind of 346 00:18:53,680 --> 00:18:57,840 Speaker 1: crackdown or or regulatory constraints. We haven't had quite the 347 00:18:57,880 --> 00:18:59,960 Speaker 1: same thing in the United States. So the American entrepreneur 348 00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:03,080 Speaker 1: are free to build companies without the kind of constraints 349 00:19:03,080 --> 00:19:05,800 Speaker 1: and concerns that now some people have in China. Well, 350 00:19:05,840 --> 00:19:08,240 Speaker 1: talking about building companies, David, it's it's Kaylee Lines in 351 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:10,880 Speaker 1: New York. Good morning to you. You mentioned their Apple, Amazon, 352 00:19:10,920 --> 00:19:13,480 Speaker 1: these behemous we have seen grow here in the US. 353 00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:18,359 Speaker 1: Does he believe that those companies are getting too large? Well, 354 00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:20,919 Speaker 1: he doesn't say that in part because remember he is 355 00:19:21,280 --> 00:19:23,639 Speaker 1: a person I think he's still on the Microsoft board. 356 00:19:23,680 --> 00:19:26,480 Speaker 1: He's sold linked In, which he built to Microsoft, so 357 00:19:26,560 --> 00:19:28,840 Speaker 1: he'd be difficult for him to say that Microsoft is 358 00:19:28,880 --> 00:19:31,400 Speaker 1: becoming too big and too powerful, So he doesn't really 359 00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:33,840 Speaker 1: say that. He does say that we now have five 360 00:19:33,840 --> 00:19:36,960 Speaker 1: of these gigantic technology companies United States, and we're gonna 361 00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:39,119 Speaker 1: get ten of them soon. So a company that like 362 00:19:39,320 --> 00:19:42,320 Speaker 1: say Salesforce will become one of those kind of companies, 363 00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:44,600 Speaker 1: or Netflix will become one of those kind of companies, 364 00:19:44,720 --> 00:19:46,800 Speaker 1: which they are are big now, but they're gonna be 365 00:19:46,880 --> 00:19:49,200 Speaker 1: much much bigger. So he doesn't worry because he thinks 366 00:19:49,200 --> 00:19:51,160 Speaker 1: they're gonna be more and more of these gigantic companies, 367 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:53,000 Speaker 1: not fewer and fewer of them. And are those the 368 00:19:53,040 --> 00:19:55,280 Speaker 1: kind of companies he's interested in getting into now or 369 00:19:55,320 --> 00:19:59,200 Speaker 1: what would you favor? Well, he's a venture investor. He's 370 00:19:59,200 --> 00:20:02,080 Speaker 1: at Graylock, very good venture firm. He's an entrepreneur who 371 00:20:02,160 --> 00:20:04,600 Speaker 1: built linked In and helped to build PayPal, but he's 372 00:20:04,640 --> 00:20:07,399 Speaker 1: also a venture investor. He was an early investor in Facebook, 373 00:20:07,480 --> 00:20:10,160 Speaker 1: an early investor in Airbnb. So he likes to find 374 00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:13,119 Speaker 1: young entrepreneurs who are really talented, have a good idea, 375 00:20:13,320 --> 00:20:16,200 Speaker 1: and back them. So he's an unusual mix of being 376 00:20:16,200 --> 00:20:19,440 Speaker 1: an entrepreneur and a venture investor and a very successful 377 00:20:19,480 --> 00:20:23,560 Speaker 1: angel investor as well. David yourself also being a pretty 378 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:27,040 Speaker 1: big investor in companies at the earlier stages. There is 379 00:20:27,080 --> 00:20:30,720 Speaker 1: a question of what the structure of such dominant tech 380 00:20:30,760 --> 00:20:34,080 Speaker 1: behemoths at the top does for innovation for some of 381 00:20:34,119 --> 00:20:36,359 Speaker 1: the smaller companies. In other words, how much of a 382 00:20:36,359 --> 00:20:39,840 Speaker 1: competitive competitive advantage can they have and how much UH 383 00:20:40,040 --> 00:20:42,960 Speaker 1: can they get with respect to data, which reigns supreme. 384 00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:46,960 Speaker 1: There's no doubt that the large technology companies now have 385 00:20:47,080 --> 00:20:49,480 Speaker 1: a lot of data and they're using it, they would say, 386 00:20:49,480 --> 00:20:52,439 Speaker 1: for their purposes, their corporate purposes. But there's always going 387 00:20:52,480 --> 00:20:55,479 Speaker 1: to be entrepreneurs, always somebody with a new idea, somebody 388 00:20:55,480 --> 00:20:57,720 Speaker 1: that is very creative. And he likes to back people 389 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:00,080 Speaker 1: who he thinks have a vision of where they to 390 00:21:00,160 --> 00:21:02,520 Speaker 1: go and have the capability of getting there. And it's 391 00:21:02,520 --> 00:21:04,639 Speaker 1: a different skill set than being an entrepreneur, where you 392 00:21:04,640 --> 00:21:06,880 Speaker 1: have to have the vision yourself and build a company. 393 00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:10,080 Speaker 1: But reen Hoffman is a very talented individual, and when 394 00:21:10,119 --> 00:21:12,080 Speaker 1: he's in the room, it's pretty clear he's always the 395 00:21:12,119 --> 00:21:14,679 Speaker 1: smartest person in the room. But he doesn't tell people that, 396 00:21:14,960 --> 00:21:16,800 Speaker 1: and so he has a certain modesty that I think 397 00:21:16,880 --> 00:21:19,080 Speaker 1: reflects the fact that he's very secure in who he 398 00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:21,720 Speaker 1: is and he's very well respected by his colleagues. Lots 399 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:24,040 Speaker 1: of times you have very bright people and behind their back, 400 00:21:24,080 --> 00:21:26,600 Speaker 1: people are snickering about them because their egos too big, 401 00:21:26,680 --> 00:21:28,600 Speaker 1: or they're not as talented as they think. That's not 402 00:21:28,640 --> 00:21:30,760 Speaker 1: the case with Reid David. I want to bring the 403 00:21:30,800 --> 00:21:33,439 Speaker 1: conversation back to where we started, and that is China. 404 00:21:33,480 --> 00:21:37,200 Speaker 1: We've heard a chorus of large name investors over recent 405 00:21:37,240 --> 00:21:39,320 Speaker 1: weeks kind of weighing in on the debate and whether 406 00:21:39,440 --> 00:21:41,760 Speaker 1: or not you can invest there. You have George Soros 407 00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:43,720 Speaker 1: on one side saying that would be a tragic mistake. 408 00:21:43,720 --> 00:21:46,240 Speaker 1: You have Black Rock and Ray Dalio on the other. 409 00:21:46,280 --> 00:21:49,320 Speaker 1: I'm just wondering what your take is on China given 410 00:21:49,359 --> 00:21:52,639 Speaker 1: the crackdown that we are seeing. I think George Soros 411 00:21:52,720 --> 00:21:56,800 Speaker 1: this point had to deal with geopolitical issues and government 412 00:21:56,800 --> 00:21:59,600 Speaker 1: constraint issues and things that are different than whether China 413 00:21:59,680 --> 00:22:01,399 Speaker 1: is going to old companies that if you invest in 414 00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:03,640 Speaker 1: them you'll do well. As a general rule of thumb, 415 00:22:03,680 --> 00:22:06,640 Speaker 1: I do think investing in China will produce very good profits. 416 00:22:06,800 --> 00:22:08,600 Speaker 1: You have to get comfortable with some of the constraints 417 00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:10,800 Speaker 1: who have in China, but there's no doubt there constraints 418 00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:13,080 Speaker 1: in lots of countries as well. So I wouldn't say 419 00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:14,840 Speaker 1: that China is not a good place to invest. I 420 00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:16,720 Speaker 1: think it's a very good place to invest, but there 421 00:22:16,760 --> 00:22:18,879 Speaker 1: are some challenges you have to get comfortable with. And 422 00:22:18,920 --> 00:22:21,359 Speaker 1: you have to get comfortable that some of the governmental 423 00:22:21,400 --> 00:22:23,400 Speaker 1: actions are not gonna be ones you might be comfortable 424 00:22:23,440 --> 00:22:25,560 Speaker 1: with if they were happening in this country. For example, 425 00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:27,960 Speaker 1: as you shift focused at all with respect to your 426 00:22:28,440 --> 00:22:33,280 Speaker 1: your your appreciation of China investments, even with Jijimping's recent 427 00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:38,240 Speaker 1: pronouncements around the common good, well right now, you have 428 00:22:38,280 --> 00:22:41,359 Speaker 1: to remember China has one point three billion people and 429 00:22:41,359 --> 00:22:43,440 Speaker 1: it's going to be a gigantic market for some time. 430 00:22:43,720 --> 00:22:46,199 Speaker 1: But the Chinese governmental system is different than Americans, and 431 00:22:46,240 --> 00:22:48,239 Speaker 1: you have to get comfortable with that. And so if 432 00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:50,040 Speaker 1: you're not comfortable with that, then you can invest in 433 00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:52,359 Speaker 1: many other places. But if you're comfortable with the fact 434 00:22:52,359 --> 00:22:54,480 Speaker 1: that China is going to have a heavy regulatory hand 435 00:22:54,520 --> 00:22:57,400 Speaker 1: in things, you can you can get comfortable with investing there. 436 00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:00,359 Speaker 1: We have invested there, I have invested there. I'm not 437 00:23:00,400 --> 00:23:02,200 Speaker 1: pulling out of China. I think it's actually a very 438 00:23:02,240 --> 00:23:05,200 Speaker 1: good place to invest. But every country has its challenges. 439 00:23:05,280 --> 00:23:07,720 Speaker 1: The United States has challenges too. You can't argue that 440 00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:10,520 Speaker 1: we have all the kind of governmental actions that everybody 441 00:23:10,520 --> 00:23:13,760 Speaker 1: has come from with here either. David Rubinstein, you make 442 00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:16,800 Speaker 1: a very valid point. Nobody would disagree David Rubinstein, host 443 00:23:16,840 --> 00:23:20,520 Speaker 1: of Perit Peer Conversations on Bloomberg Television Television, a co 444 00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:23,400 Speaker 1: founder of the Carlisle Group. Don't miss that at nine 445 00:23:23,480 --> 00:23:26,800 Speaker 1: pm tonight, Reid Hoffman, an entrepreneur who helped co found 446 00:23:27,160 --> 00:23:31,679 Speaker 1: linked In, speaking about the landscape for technology at a 447 00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:34,359 Speaker 1: time when it really is pre eminent. This is the 448 00:23:34,359 --> 00:23:39,040 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Surveillance Podcast. Thanks for listening. Join us live weekdays 449 00:23:39,080 --> 00:23:42,560 Speaker 1: from seven to ten am Eastern on Bloomberg Radio and 450 00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:46,879 Speaker 1: on Bloomberg Television each day from six to nine am 451 00:23:46,960 --> 00:23:50,720 Speaker 1: for insight from the best and economics, finance, investment, and 452 00:23:50,840 --> 00:23:57,360 Speaker 1: international relations. And subscribe to the Surveillance podcast on Apple podcast, SoundCloud, 453 00:23:57,520 --> 00:24:01,120 Speaker 1: Bloomberg dot com, and of course, on the UR. I'm 454 00:24:01,160 --> 00:24:03,720 Speaker 1: Tom keene In. This is Bloomer