1 00:00:01,560 --> 00:00:04,720 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff from the Science Lab from how stuff 2 00:00:04,760 --> 00:00:16,320 Speaker 1: works dot com. Hey guys, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:16,360 --> 00:00:17,880 Speaker 1: This is Alice, and I don't really like the science 4 00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:20,680 Speaker 1: editor at how stuff works dot com. Just Robert Lamb, 5 00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:24,959 Speaker 1: science writer for how stuff works dot com. Today we're 6 00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:28,280 Speaker 1: talking about helium, about the kind you find in those balloons, 7 00:00:28,480 --> 00:00:31,560 Speaker 1: but the kind you find on the moon. Yes, indeed, 8 00:00:32,520 --> 00:00:34,599 Speaker 1: So let's keep off our podcast today and give our 9 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:38,080 Speaker 1: listeners some fun moon facts. I've got one. Can I start? Yeah, 10 00:00:38,120 --> 00:00:41,320 Speaker 1: go for it. Okay, where did the Moon come from? 11 00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:45,720 Speaker 1: Outer space? Well? Yeah, kinda. So there's this theory, right, 12 00:00:45,800 --> 00:00:48,320 Speaker 1: Scientists love theories, and this one is their favorite surrounding 13 00:00:48,360 --> 00:00:51,479 Speaker 1: the Moon. It's called the ejected ring. Theory goes like this. 14 00:00:52,080 --> 00:00:55,320 Speaker 1: A couple of billion years ago, there's this massive space collision. 15 00:00:55,760 --> 00:00:58,400 Speaker 1: Two planets, one of which was Earth and one of 16 00:00:58,400 --> 00:01:00,600 Speaker 1: which was this, uh this, one of that came barreling 17 00:01:00,640 --> 00:01:04,400 Speaker 1: into our neighborhood. They collided, they are, and the resulting 18 00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:06,679 Speaker 1: smash up. The remnants of the two planets mixed together. 19 00:01:06,959 --> 00:01:10,319 Speaker 1: They formed an orbital ring and that eventually condensed into 20 00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:15,120 Speaker 1: the Moon. Well here's another fact that stems right off 21 00:01:15,160 --> 00:01:17,160 Speaker 1: of that it's Uh, the Moon and the Earth as 22 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:20,960 Speaker 1: we know today are in a gravitational relationship. The Moon 23 00:01:21,080 --> 00:01:24,479 Speaker 1: is trapped in the Earth's gravitational field or it's around us. 24 00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:28,319 Speaker 1: But the Moon's gravitational pull tugs on the oceans, which 25 00:01:28,319 --> 00:01:31,560 Speaker 1: creates the tides, right, and actually that tug has been 26 00:01:31,800 --> 00:01:35,959 Speaker 1: suggested as one source of energy. Um. So basically what 27 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:38,880 Speaker 1: we would do on a on Earth, we'd be we 28 00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:41,640 Speaker 1: built these underwater turbines that would take advantage of this 29 00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:45,440 Speaker 1: uh natural motion of the tides, and we'd um, we 30 00:01:45,560 --> 00:01:48,720 Speaker 1: have these turbines and we generate some electricity from it. Basically. Yeah, 31 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:54,080 Speaker 1: I've seen some designs that actually involve a bio biomimicry 32 00:01:54,400 --> 00:01:59,280 Speaker 1: that involved like a basically a giant mechanical sharp tail. Um. 33 00:01:59,320 --> 00:02:02,320 Speaker 1: You know, the basic ideas that a nature came up 34 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:05,360 Speaker 1: with this, best will mimic this and use that to 35 00:02:05,360 --> 00:02:08,080 Speaker 1: to collect the kinetic energy of the types. Right, It's 36 00:02:08,080 --> 00:02:11,919 Speaker 1: pretty neat idea. But a couple of unknowns with this approach, like, um, 37 00:02:11,960 --> 00:02:14,480 Speaker 1: you know, are barnacle is going to grow on the turbines? Yeah? 38 00:02:14,639 --> 00:02:16,320 Speaker 1: Do we do we need to put even more junk 39 00:02:16,360 --> 00:02:18,480 Speaker 1: on the bottom of our oceans? I think not, So 40 00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:22,160 Speaker 1: let's talk about helium three instead. Yeah, helium three. Uh, 41 00:02:22,200 --> 00:02:25,680 Speaker 1: and this is basically normal helium as was in my 42 00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:29,079 Speaker 1: lungs earlier, except there's a one missing neutron and that's 43 00:02:29,080 --> 00:02:32,440 Speaker 1: a key difference. Yes, yeah, pretty key. When I asked 44 00:02:32,440 --> 00:02:35,800 Speaker 1: for helium three downstairs in the little lobby store, they 45 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:38,200 Speaker 1: had none. They're all sold out because of Judy's fourty 46 00:02:38,320 --> 00:02:42,560 Speaker 1: birthday party. Um that, and there's there's virtually none of it. 47 00:02:42,600 --> 00:02:44,880 Speaker 1: There's very little of it on the on the Earth, 48 00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:47,440 Speaker 1: but there's a lot of it on the Moon, or 49 00:02:47,480 --> 00:02:52,720 Speaker 1: at least much more. Yeah, okay, well, why well, helium 50 00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:56,799 Speaker 1: three forms when cosmic rays bombard helium four, which is 51 00:02:56,840 --> 00:03:00,240 Speaker 1: produced naturally through the fusion through fusion in the sun. Right, 52 00:03:01,240 --> 00:03:05,519 Speaker 1: So the Sun's pumping this stuff out. Our gravitational field 53 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:10,120 Speaker 1: and our atmosphere repel the stuff from entering the Earth's atmosphere. 54 00:03:10,320 --> 00:03:13,400 Speaker 1: So what little of it there is on Earth has 55 00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:17,679 Speaker 1: been here for just ages and ages, ancient stuff. And it's, 56 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:19,920 Speaker 1: like I said, this, very little of it. The Moon, however, 57 00:03:20,960 --> 00:03:23,639 Speaker 1: no atmosphere to speak of. It's just up there collecting 58 00:03:23,639 --> 00:03:27,080 Speaker 1: this stuff age after age. So you know, we reach 59 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:30,760 Speaker 1: a point where where we have you know, very little here, 60 00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:33,519 Speaker 1: but just massive reserves on the Moon. Yeah, so there's 61 00:03:33,520 --> 00:03:36,720 Speaker 1: like a mother load up there. Yeah, we're talking one 62 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:40,200 Speaker 1: million tons of it on the Moon. And to put 63 00:03:40,240 --> 00:03:42,760 Speaker 1: that in perspective, they say that the amount of energy 64 00:03:42,840 --> 00:03:46,720 Speaker 1: stored in that deposit is roughly ten times that stored 65 00:03:46,760 --> 00:03:50,040 Speaker 1: in fossil fuels on Earth. Right, So helium three is 66 00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:53,080 Speaker 1: awesome for nuclear fusion reactions. I mean, that's what we're 67 00:03:53,080 --> 00:03:56,600 Speaker 1: really interested in. And what's more, it's it represents an 68 00:03:56,600 --> 00:04:00,360 Speaker 1: improvement on nuclear fusion reactions that we've undertaken in the past. 69 00:04:00,640 --> 00:04:03,280 Speaker 1: To remind everybody, nuclear fusion is the process where you 70 00:04:03,320 --> 00:04:07,120 Speaker 1: take two elements, you combine them and it produces a 71 00:04:07,160 --> 00:04:11,080 Speaker 1: new element and energy and the energy being key, Yeah, 72 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:13,680 Speaker 1: a lot of energy. It's the same reaction like Robert said, 73 00:04:13,920 --> 00:04:16,520 Speaker 1: that fuels our sun and it's not fission, which is 74 00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:21,440 Speaker 1: the splitting. Always confused those too, but fusion fuse vision 75 00:04:21,560 --> 00:04:24,880 Speaker 1: split anyway. So when helium three is heated to high 76 00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:28,280 Speaker 1: temperatures and you combine it with a little deterium and 77 00:04:28,360 --> 00:04:31,520 Speaker 1: deuterium of course is an isotype of hydrogen right with 78 00:04:31,800 --> 00:04:34,400 Speaker 1: it as a neutron next to its one proton. Do 79 00:04:34,440 --> 00:04:38,800 Speaker 1: you get this huge, huge, huge reaction and the energy 80 00:04:38,920 --> 00:04:42,440 Speaker 1: which is which is pretty much our energy dreams. This 81 00:04:42,520 --> 00:04:44,240 Speaker 1: is the stuff of our energy dreams. This is the 82 00:04:44,279 --> 00:04:46,920 Speaker 1: stuff that would make oil be gone and helium three 83 00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:49,479 Speaker 1: rock on. You get nuclear fusion. I mean, this is 84 00:04:49,480 --> 00:04:52,240 Speaker 1: what they're gunning for at the National Ignition Facility. But 85 00:04:52,320 --> 00:04:55,080 Speaker 1: they just really haven't been able to generate a nuclear 86 00:04:55,080 --> 00:04:58,880 Speaker 1: fusion reaction in a controlled fashion, in a safe fashion, 87 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:02,400 Speaker 1: or on a commercial scale fashion like they would with 88 00:05:02,440 --> 00:05:05,960 Speaker 1: the helium three. Yeah. Like, um, theoretically you could. You 89 00:05:05,960 --> 00:05:10,120 Speaker 1: could form the same reaction, a similar reaction with tritium, 90 00:05:10,120 --> 00:05:12,120 Speaker 1: but one of the by products of that is a 91 00:05:12,480 --> 00:05:16,000 Speaker 1: just a whole boatload of radiation. Yeah, so helium three 92 00:05:16,040 --> 00:05:17,839 Speaker 1: tends to be cleaner and it doesn't seem to pose 93 00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:21,080 Speaker 1: a danger to sunless radiation produced. Well, what don't they 94 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:23,599 Speaker 1: like about it? Though? Well, there is the whole fact 95 00:05:23,680 --> 00:05:26,120 Speaker 1: that it's mostly on the moon. Like I said, that's 96 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:29,120 Speaker 1: what what small amounts we have on Earth is sufficient 97 00:05:29,200 --> 00:05:32,600 Speaker 1: for tests and a horse and around in a laboratory, 98 00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:36,080 Speaker 1: but not so much actually like gearing up for full 99 00:05:36,160 --> 00:05:40,240 Speaker 1: on production. Uh. In speaking of production, we can make 100 00:05:40,520 --> 00:05:45,200 Speaker 1: helium three, but we produce it as a byproduct of 101 00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:49,960 Speaker 1: creating nuclear warheads, so that's not exactly an ideal situation either. 102 00:05:50,040 --> 00:05:53,200 Speaker 1: And again it doesn't produce large quantities. And then there's 103 00:05:53,240 --> 00:05:55,080 Speaker 1: a fact that we really haven't mastered the Moon and 104 00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:58,400 Speaker 1: back journey quite yet from a you know, safety or 105 00:05:58,440 --> 00:06:01,920 Speaker 1: efficiency perspective. I mean, people have been known to die 106 00:06:01,960 --> 00:06:05,919 Speaker 1: on these trips, and efficiency wise, it's not clear that 107 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:09,120 Speaker 1: will be getting out more than what we put in. Yeah, 108 00:06:09,200 --> 00:06:11,240 Speaker 1: I mean that's the thing. You have to be able 109 00:06:11,279 --> 00:06:13,400 Speaker 1: to justify going to the Moon and bringing this stuff 110 00:06:13,440 --> 00:06:16,840 Speaker 1: back and uh, and it's actually, uh, there's more involved. 111 00:06:16,839 --> 00:06:19,039 Speaker 1: It's not just simply landing the vessel, getting out the 112 00:06:19,040 --> 00:06:21,960 Speaker 1: shovel and throwing you know, some rocks into the into 113 00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:24,760 Speaker 1: the lunar vehicle and returning. And incidentally, that's how we 114 00:06:24,800 --> 00:06:27,440 Speaker 1: know that there is exactly the helium three in the 115 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:30,479 Speaker 1: moon is because what's his the astronaut Harrison Schmidt stuffed 116 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:34,800 Speaker 1: his pockets full of lunar rocks and then we got 117 00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:37,240 Speaker 1: around to analyzing it and will and behold, there's a 118 00:06:37,240 --> 00:06:39,920 Speaker 1: ton of helium three. It kind of makes it sound 119 00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:42,599 Speaker 1: like you shoplifted them or something. But yeah, I don't 120 00:06:42,600 --> 00:06:45,080 Speaker 1: think you can shoplift from the Moon because it's the 121 00:06:45,120 --> 00:06:48,520 Speaker 1: property of all mankind. We'll get to that in a second. 122 00:06:48,560 --> 00:06:51,000 Speaker 1: We will get to that in a second. But but yeah, 123 00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:52,719 Speaker 1: to to bring to bring it back from the Moon, 124 00:06:52,760 --> 00:06:55,039 Speaker 1: first of all, to uh, to mine it, you'd have 125 00:06:55,120 --> 00:06:57,919 Speaker 1: to create some pretty high temperature, so we're talking like 126 00:06:57,960 --> 00:07:01,240 Speaker 1: six hundred degrees celsius to nine under degree celsius too, 127 00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:04,120 Speaker 1: to extract it from the soil and remove some of 128 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:06,480 Speaker 1: the impurities. And then you're gonna have to further refine 129 00:07:06,480 --> 00:07:10,080 Speaker 1: the stuff because it doesn't just come ready made, right, 130 00:07:10,160 --> 00:07:13,680 Speaker 1: It comes in roughly thirteen parts per billion in the 131 00:07:13,760 --> 00:07:17,080 Speaker 1: lunar soil. So there's a there would be a lengthy 132 00:07:17,400 --> 00:07:19,840 Speaker 1: mining and refining process that would have to take place 133 00:07:19,880 --> 00:07:22,080 Speaker 1: on the Moon. And I mean, what do we have 134 00:07:22,160 --> 00:07:23,520 Speaker 1: up there right now? Why does it have to take 135 00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:27,000 Speaker 1: place on the Moon. Well, because otherwise we've got to 136 00:07:27,000 --> 00:07:29,800 Speaker 1: bring all that unrefined like moon rock. So it's a 137 00:07:29,800 --> 00:07:31,760 Speaker 1: matter of space. It's a matter of space. I mean, 138 00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:34,360 Speaker 1: if we build up I mean, we couldn't even build 139 00:07:34,400 --> 00:07:36,360 Speaker 1: a space uplighted to the Moon. But I mean, yeah, 140 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:38,800 Speaker 1: it's it's it's the only feasible way to go about 141 00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:41,679 Speaker 1: it is to to refine it there and bring back 142 00:07:42,280 --> 00:07:44,680 Speaker 1: the goods, you know. And of course up there on 143 00:07:44,720 --> 00:07:46,880 Speaker 1: the moon right now, what we have a flag, a 144 00:07:46,920 --> 00:07:50,559 Speaker 1: few you know, some chunks of lunar vehicles, center, golf 145 00:07:50,560 --> 00:07:53,080 Speaker 1: ball or two. Yeah, because Alan Shepard hit a golf 146 00:07:53,080 --> 00:07:58,720 Speaker 1: ball off of it. Proudest moments and human history. And 147 00:07:58,760 --> 00:08:01,880 Speaker 1: then there's the other question of our fusion reactors really 148 00:08:01,920 --> 00:08:05,800 Speaker 1: aren't quite up to the task yet, right Yeah, we're 149 00:08:05,560 --> 00:08:09,080 Speaker 1: we're talking you know, theoretical stuff and and you know, 150 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:12,600 Speaker 1: early schematics and designs at this point, and U and 151 00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:14,880 Speaker 1: nobody's gonna build, you know, try and build one of 152 00:08:14,880 --> 00:08:17,000 Speaker 1: these things that we don't have the fuel to to 153 00:08:17,080 --> 00:08:19,760 Speaker 1: run and make it, you know, earn it's keep. So 154 00:08:20,280 --> 00:08:23,040 Speaker 1: the i mean, the helium three that does exist up 155 00:08:23,080 --> 00:08:27,920 Speaker 1: there is, Oh, it's monumental in terms of money, in 156 00:08:28,040 --> 00:08:31,320 Speaker 1: terms of the monetary value st value, high Street value 157 00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:34,080 Speaker 1: for helium three, no doubt. And a lot of people 158 00:08:34,080 --> 00:08:37,760 Speaker 1: are a lot of people want it? Who wants it? Everybody? 159 00:08:37,760 --> 00:08:40,679 Speaker 1: I mean, obviously the United States is interested, NASA is 160 00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:43,720 Speaker 1: expressed an interest in it. China has definitely expressed a 161 00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:47,840 Speaker 1: very vocal interest. India, Russia, A couple of private corporations 162 00:08:47,880 --> 00:08:50,360 Speaker 1: out there, I think are also in on the helium 163 00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:53,280 Speaker 1: three race because we're talking about the future of energy 164 00:08:53,320 --> 00:08:57,680 Speaker 1: production on the planet and as well as the possibilities 165 00:08:57,720 --> 00:09:01,920 Speaker 1: for the further exploration of our our solar system because 166 00:09:02,120 --> 00:09:03,400 Speaker 1: you know, you mind it up there on the moon, 167 00:09:03,480 --> 00:09:07,199 Speaker 1: and the Moon is also um an ideal launching pad, 168 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:09,800 Speaker 1: an ideal base camp, if you will, for for further 169 00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:13,560 Speaker 1: exploration right less of an escape velocity, etcetera. Yeah, NASA 170 00:09:13,600 --> 00:09:16,520 Speaker 1: outlined its whole um. It's numerous, numerous. I think it 171 00:09:16,559 --> 00:09:20,240 Speaker 1: has like two hundred lunar exploration objectives and this clearly 172 00:09:20,320 --> 00:09:23,359 Speaker 1: helium three was one of them, as well as utilizing 173 00:09:23,400 --> 00:09:26,680 Speaker 1: other lunar resources. There's a whole tab devoted to it 174 00:09:26,720 --> 00:09:30,040 Speaker 1: and it's spreadsheet, and it could get pretty competitive up there. 175 00:09:30,040 --> 00:09:31,840 Speaker 1: I mean, this could be we could be talking about 176 00:09:31,920 --> 00:09:34,960 Speaker 1: the gold rushes of the nineteenth century only on the 177 00:09:35,000 --> 00:09:37,840 Speaker 1: Moon and for helium three, the helium three rushes, the 178 00:09:37,920 --> 00:09:42,800 Speaker 1: helium three rushes. Yeah, so they it's not really clear 179 00:09:43,360 --> 00:09:46,559 Speaker 1: who owns the moon. So who owns the moon? Well, 180 00:09:46,679 --> 00:09:51,600 Speaker 1: nobody really owns the moon per se, because the un says, so, oh, well, 181 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:54,600 Speaker 1: well that clears it up. No, no, but seriously, that's 182 00:09:55,160 --> 00:09:57,040 Speaker 1: now there's this Moon treaty that they rode up in 183 00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:01,040 Speaker 1: nine that essentially does say the moon is, uh, the 184 00:10:01,040 --> 00:10:05,240 Speaker 1: moon and its related resources are the property of quote 185 00:10:05,320 --> 00:10:08,320 Speaker 1: unquote the common heritage of mankind. And of course it's 186 00:10:08,320 --> 00:10:10,880 Speaker 1: one thing to say that, you know then, or even now, 187 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:14,960 Speaker 1: when nobody's up there right now there, we're not exactly 188 00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:16,840 Speaker 1: hitting the moon a lot, or or or have the 189 00:10:17,360 --> 00:10:22,360 Speaker 1: wherewithal to mine and refine anything. So but once people 190 00:10:22,400 --> 00:10:24,360 Speaker 1: do get up right, yeah, once the technology catches up 191 00:10:24,400 --> 00:10:27,600 Speaker 1: with us, I could see this becoming much more repressing issue, right. 192 00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:30,120 Speaker 1: And who's going to abide by the treaty? Right, It's 193 00:10:30,160 --> 00:10:32,240 Speaker 1: not like some of the nations are that good at 194 00:10:32,240 --> 00:10:37,560 Speaker 1: abiding by existing treaties now anyone, anyone? So when are 195 00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:41,280 Speaker 1: we talking about Well, it depends depends when you're looking 196 00:10:41,320 --> 00:10:46,119 Speaker 1: into the future. And then who's doing the the the imagining. 197 00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:49,400 Speaker 1: Because I've read some articles where China was supposed to 198 00:10:49,400 --> 00:10:52,360 Speaker 1: be up there right now. Maybe well maybe they are, 199 00:10:52,520 --> 00:10:57,120 Speaker 1: they just have reported it yet maybe so in theory, yeah, 200 00:10:57,360 --> 00:11:00,400 Speaker 1: China was planning to be up there already. Um, I've 201 00:11:00,440 --> 00:11:06,880 Speaker 1: also heard yeah, and I think something and so yeah, 202 00:11:06,880 --> 00:11:09,640 Speaker 1: it's it's kind of up in the air. So to 203 00:11:09,720 --> 00:11:13,520 Speaker 1: wrap this up, so yeah, until any of this uh 204 00:11:13,800 --> 00:11:16,160 Speaker 1: comes to fruition, we uh we have the whole title 205 00:11:16,200 --> 00:11:19,880 Speaker 1: thing to fall back on. Yeah, we do. And I 206 00:11:19,920 --> 00:11:23,280 Speaker 1: also think werewolves a big possibility because, as we all know, 207 00:11:23,520 --> 00:11:27,800 Speaker 1: the full moon changes people who suffer from lecanthropy into wearawolves. 208 00:11:28,160 --> 00:11:30,959 Speaker 1: And who's to say that that process doesn't give off 209 00:11:30,960 --> 00:11:34,480 Speaker 1: a spare proton, right, no doubt, no doubt. I think 210 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:36,760 Speaker 1: we should look into that. Yeah, if you're not interested 211 00:11:36,920 --> 00:11:39,960 Speaker 1: in the Wearable prospect or if you are interested in 212 00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:42,720 Speaker 1: the Wearable Prospect or the moon or helium three, head 213 00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:44,640 Speaker 1: on over to how stuff works dot com because we 214 00:11:44,679 --> 00:11:47,400 Speaker 1: have plenty for you to read. We also have a 215 00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:50,319 Speaker 1: pretty cool blog over at blogs dot house stuff works 216 00:11:50,320 --> 00:11:52,880 Speaker 1: dot com and that's called side Stuff. So check it out, guys, 217 00:11:53,080 --> 00:12:02,440 Speaker 1: and thanks for listening. For more on this and thousands 218 00:12:02,440 --> 00:12:05,880 Speaker 1: of other topics, visit how stuff works dot com. Want 219 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:08,560 Speaker 1: more how stuff works, check out our blogs on the 220 00:12:08,559 --> 00:12:10,240 Speaker 1: house stuff works dot com home page.