1 00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:03,840 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from house 2 00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:14,319 Speaker 1: works dot Com. Hello, welcome to the podcast. I'm Sarah 3 00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:16,599 Speaker 1: Down and I'm to Blame a talk reporting and we 4 00:00:16,760 --> 00:00:21,040 Speaker 1: left off last time talking about the Chevalier d a spy, 5 00:00:21,360 --> 00:00:25,560 Speaker 1: a diplomat, a soldier, and perhaps most famously, a man 6 00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:28,840 Speaker 1: who lived as a woman for the last three decades 7 00:00:28,880 --> 00:00:32,080 Speaker 1: of his life. And Dale has been in the news 8 00:00:32,200 --> 00:00:35,800 Speaker 1: quite a bit since last summer, when London's National Portrait 9 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:39,080 Speaker 1: Gallery acquired a portrait long believed to be that of 10 00:00:39,120 --> 00:00:43,199 Speaker 1: a middle aged woman. Closer inspection, though, revealed that the 11 00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:48,800 Speaker 1: sitter was the famous, decorated and highly acclaimed Chevalier, wearing 12 00:00:48,840 --> 00:00:52,880 Speaker 1: his trademark black dress of later years and even the 13 00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:58,120 Speaker 1: prestigious medal of Saint Louis that he earned. It's the 14 00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:02,360 Speaker 1: first portrait in the gallery extensive collection, or the first 15 00:01:02,400 --> 00:01:05,399 Speaker 1: oil portrait rather in the gallery's collection to show a 16 00:01:05,480 --> 00:01:09,720 Speaker 1: man dressed in women's clothing. So pretty headline making stuff. 17 00:01:10,319 --> 00:01:13,680 Speaker 1: But we ended the last podcast before the Chevalier's transition. 18 00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:16,400 Speaker 1: He was still a diplomat in the service of Louis 19 00:01:16,440 --> 00:01:19,600 Speaker 1: the fifteenth of France and one who had served in Russia, 20 00:01:20,040 --> 00:01:22,600 Speaker 1: a soldier who had fought valiantly in the Seven Years War. 21 00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:24,840 Speaker 1: So this is the portrait we've had of him so far. 22 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:28,320 Speaker 1: In seventeen sixty two and sixty three, Dale had reached 23 00:01:28,319 --> 00:01:32,000 Speaker 1: the pinnacle of his career. He'd helped negotiate the war's end. 24 00:01:32,319 --> 00:01:34,839 Speaker 1: He'd been decorated with the Order of St. Louis, making 25 00:01:34,920 --> 00:01:37,880 Speaker 1: him a chevalier, and he'd been sent as minister to 26 00:01:38,080 --> 00:01:41,480 Speaker 1: Great Britain. He had also gotten another big promotion, but 27 00:01:41,640 --> 00:01:45,120 Speaker 1: one few people knew about. For decades, Louis the fifteenth 28 00:01:45,120 --> 00:01:49,560 Speaker 1: had maintained a secret secondary diplomacy called Le Secrete du Roi, 29 00:01:50,120 --> 00:01:53,120 Speaker 1: or the King's Secret. It was a chaotic system, since 30 00:01:53,200 --> 00:01:56,640 Speaker 1: louis owned foreign minister didn't know of its existence, and 31 00:01:56,720 --> 00:02:01,160 Speaker 1: because the secret often pursued foreign policy object directly at 32 00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:03,760 Speaker 1: odds with the official ones, which makes the story a 33 00:02:03,800 --> 00:02:06,800 Speaker 1: little confusing at times. We'll imagine how it must have 34 00:02:06,840 --> 00:02:10,560 Speaker 1: felt if you if you worked in a foreign policy 35 00:02:10,639 --> 00:02:13,600 Speaker 1: for Louis at the time. But so after the disastrous 36 00:02:13,639 --> 00:02:16,280 Speaker 1: Seven Years War, though where France lost a lot of 37 00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:19,799 Speaker 1: influence and a lot of land to Great Britain, it's 38 00:02:19,840 --> 00:02:24,600 Speaker 1: official foreign policy was, of course one of peace, the 39 00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:28,040 Speaker 1: secret though had a different motive, and that was one 40 00:02:28,120 --> 00:02:31,240 Speaker 1: of revenge, and so as a longtime agent of the 41 00:02:31,320 --> 00:02:36,040 Speaker 1: King's secret, the newly minted Chevalier Dion had a really 42 00:02:36,080 --> 00:02:39,600 Speaker 1: important role in this covert operation. He was supposed to 43 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:43,519 Speaker 1: lead agents that were scouting out the British coastline, looking 44 00:02:43,560 --> 00:02:47,359 Speaker 1: for places to land and strategizing about some sort of 45 00:02:47,480 --> 00:02:51,680 Speaker 1: armed invasion of Great Britain, So really serious secret agent 46 00:02:51,760 --> 00:02:54,360 Speaker 1: kind of stuff, you know, playing the minister being a 47 00:02:54,440 --> 00:02:58,200 Speaker 1: negotiator piece on the one hand and publicly but also 48 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:02,360 Speaker 1: planning an invasion at the same time. Unfortunately for Dan 49 00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:07,080 Speaker 1: alle Though, his rise coincided exactly with Madame de Pompadour's fall. 50 00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:10,440 Speaker 1: The longtime mistress of Louis the fifteenth, who we've talked 51 00:03:10,480 --> 00:03:13,640 Speaker 1: about before, was falling out of favor and had broken 52 00:03:13,680 --> 00:03:17,840 Speaker 1: into the King's papers uncovering evidence of the secret, and 53 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:21,080 Speaker 1: her people desperately wanted to uncover what was behind it, 54 00:03:21,160 --> 00:03:24,480 Speaker 1: and their first target was Great Britain and Dan What 55 00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:27,760 Speaker 1: was the chevalier really doing there? So before we get 56 00:03:27,760 --> 00:03:30,960 Speaker 1: into that, though, we have to discuss kind of the 57 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:35,320 Speaker 1: backstory of the chevalier's honors, because well, he was given 58 00:03:35,360 --> 00:03:38,200 Speaker 1: the status of Minister to Great Britain, which was a 59 00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:43,120 Speaker 1: great promotion for him. Essentially, it wasn't really a promotion 60 00:03:43,160 --> 00:03:46,280 Speaker 1: that was for keeps. It was just until the new ambassador, 61 00:03:46,760 --> 00:03:50,119 Speaker 1: a man named the Comte de Guerci, got there. And 62 00:03:50,280 --> 00:03:54,400 Speaker 1: de Guerci was one of Pompadour's contingent, one of her guys, 63 00:03:54,800 --> 00:03:58,040 Speaker 1: and so he was of course inherently pretty nosy about 64 00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:00,280 Speaker 1: what was going on with the King's sea her it, 65 00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:05,040 Speaker 1: and Dalen didn't have a very great personal opinion of 66 00:04:05,080 --> 00:04:08,160 Speaker 1: the new minister either. He thought that he'd been cowardly 67 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:13,040 Speaker 1: in battle. Nevertheless, though, Dale was faced with losing his 68 00:04:13,240 --> 00:04:15,640 Speaker 1: job to this guy, having to step aside and make 69 00:04:15,680 --> 00:04:19,240 Speaker 1: way for him, and they really started bickering before Dick 70 00:04:19,240 --> 00:04:23,200 Speaker 1: where she even arrived. When the new minister got to London, 71 00:04:23,839 --> 00:04:26,680 Speaker 1: things just got worse to Dale refused to hand over 72 00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:29,840 Speaker 1: his diplomatic papers, he ignored all the orders to return 73 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:34,120 Speaker 1: to France. He really dug in his heel. His public stance, though, 74 00:04:34,240 --> 00:04:36,880 Speaker 1: was still one of loyalty to the King, but he 75 00:04:37,160 --> 00:04:41,400 Speaker 1: still threatened to reveal something big, essentially trying to blackmail 76 00:04:41,480 --> 00:04:45,440 Speaker 1: Louis into supporting him in his dispute with Diguerci, and 77 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:50,320 Speaker 1: so in March seventeen sixty four, Dyonn did something really extraordinary. 78 00:04:50,560 --> 00:04:54,880 Speaker 1: He actually published his diplomatic correspondence, not going so far 79 00:04:54,960 --> 00:04:57,840 Speaker 1: as to reveal the King's secret and his covert mission 80 00:04:57,960 --> 00:05:00,200 Speaker 1: in Great Britain, something that could have called us the 81 00:05:00,200 --> 00:05:03,400 Speaker 1: countries to go back to war. But it's still caused 82 00:05:03,400 --> 00:05:08,240 Speaker 1: a huge stir Londoner's love seeing this French loose cannon though, 83 00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:11,440 Speaker 1: And according to Jonathan Conlin in History Today, folks at 84 00:05:11,440 --> 00:05:14,880 Speaker 1: first I started lending their copies out like libraries by 85 00:05:14,920 --> 00:05:17,760 Speaker 1: the hour. Yeah, so it was the read of the day. 86 00:05:17,839 --> 00:05:19,960 Speaker 1: And of course, you know, he didn't want to reveal 87 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:22,599 Speaker 1: the whole story. He didn't want to disclose the King's 88 00:05:22,640 --> 00:05:25,600 Speaker 1: secret because it was an insurance policy for him. It 89 00:05:25,640 --> 00:05:30,000 Speaker 1: was a way to protect his life and to hopefully 90 00:05:30,279 --> 00:05:33,000 Speaker 1: secure a better deal for himself with Louise Thance. He 91 00:05:33,080 --> 00:05:35,279 Speaker 1: knew that was the last thing Louis wanted people to 92 00:05:35,320 --> 00:05:38,919 Speaker 1: know about. But just to give a description of the 93 00:05:39,040 --> 00:05:42,760 Speaker 1: kind of reaction people had to this book, Conlin includes 94 00:05:42,839 --> 00:05:46,760 Speaker 1: horse Wall Poles seventeen sixty four take on the publication 95 00:05:46,880 --> 00:05:49,760 Speaker 1: and and um, here's what he wrote, he said, we 96 00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:52,920 Speaker 1: are full of a wonderful book just published here by 97 00:05:52,960 --> 00:05:56,480 Speaker 1: the Chevalier Dion, and he spells it like Dion Sanders. 98 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:01,760 Speaker 1: You are to understand that besides a alls and curious circumstances, 99 00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:05,320 Speaker 1: Dion's book is full of wit and parts, and what 100 00:06:05,480 --> 00:06:08,599 Speaker 1: makes it more provoking. Our ministers know not what to 101 00:06:08,680 --> 00:06:12,800 Speaker 1: do nor how to procure any satisfaction. To Guerre, She 102 00:06:13,640 --> 00:06:17,800 Speaker 1: so yeah. Understandably to Guerre, she was not happy about 103 00:06:17,839 --> 00:06:19,760 Speaker 1: this turn of events. He thought he was getting the 104 00:06:19,800 --> 00:06:22,520 Speaker 1: sweet job in London. Maybe he'd start to figure out 105 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:26,280 Speaker 1: what the deal was with the secret while he was there. Instead, 106 00:06:26,480 --> 00:06:31,160 Speaker 1: he is in the middle of this embarrassing public dispute 107 00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:34,720 Speaker 1: with Dale, but Louis couldn't really help him out. He 108 00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:37,800 Speaker 1: wasn't in exactly in any position to support him either. 109 00:06:37,920 --> 00:06:41,040 Speaker 1: He didn't want to do anything that would make Dale 110 00:06:41,080 --> 00:06:45,200 Speaker 1: angry enough to spill the beans on his secret, specifically 111 00:06:45,320 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: the proposed invasion of Great Britain. So, again, true to 112 00:06:49,839 --> 00:06:53,080 Speaker 1: his decades of secrecy and double bluffs, Louis at this 113 00:06:53,160 --> 00:06:57,560 Speaker 1: point pursues two radically different policies. At one point, he 114 00:06:57,680 --> 00:07:00,880 Speaker 1: ordered the police officers to Great Britain to seize Dale, 115 00:07:00,880 --> 00:07:04,120 Speaker 1: but also sent secret word to the Chevalier to escape 116 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:07,920 Speaker 1: beforehand and secure his papers, so he helped him out 117 00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:10,320 Speaker 1: at the same time, but he'd attempted to buy out 118 00:07:10,400 --> 00:07:13,680 Speaker 1: Dale as well, offering him money for the documents detailing 119 00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:16,520 Speaker 1: the secret and why the Chevalier was really in London. 120 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:19,880 Speaker 1: George the Third also wasn't really in a position to 121 00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:24,000 Speaker 1: simply extradite Danel back to Louis either. The British people 122 00:07:24,320 --> 00:07:27,160 Speaker 1: really liked him. They liked dan Alle, he was media 123 00:07:27,240 --> 00:07:30,880 Speaker 1: savvy and he'd become a bit of a society spectacle already, 124 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:34,600 Speaker 1: and so they supported him over the angry Daguerre she 125 00:07:34,880 --> 00:07:37,480 Speaker 1: who dan All accused of trying to murder him. He 126 00:07:37,520 --> 00:07:39,840 Speaker 1: really did know what he was doing with the media too. 127 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:43,480 Speaker 1: He he got the people on his side. Um. But yeah, 128 00:07:43,920 --> 00:07:46,680 Speaker 1: George the Third was already facing he for going too 129 00:07:46,720 --> 00:07:49,840 Speaker 1: easy on France after the Seven Years War. He really 130 00:07:49,840 --> 00:07:52,320 Speaker 1: didn't want to look he didn't want to extradite this 131 00:07:52,520 --> 00:07:56,200 Speaker 1: popular man back to France and looked like he was 132 00:07:56,320 --> 00:07:59,640 Speaker 1: just in cahoots with with Louis the fifteen. That wouldn't 133 00:07:59,640 --> 00:08:03,840 Speaker 1: have been in a popular position to take. So nobody 134 00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:07,640 Speaker 1: could really do anything. Danelle is just they're sitting on 135 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:11,680 Speaker 1: the secret. He knows he's safe enough with it. The 136 00:08:11,800 --> 00:08:15,480 Speaker 1: two kings can't do anything about it. And that game 137 00:08:15,560 --> 00:08:19,360 Speaker 1: just continued for years and years until Louis the fifteenth 138 00:08:19,400 --> 00:08:23,440 Speaker 1: step in May of seventeen seventy four. At that point, 139 00:08:23,720 --> 00:08:28,080 Speaker 1: his successor, Louis the sixteenth, was looking for ways to 140 00:08:28,160 --> 00:08:30,720 Speaker 1: tie this up. I mean, clearly, it's a huge liability, 141 00:08:30,880 --> 00:08:34,200 Speaker 1: it's a huge embarrassment. He's going to try to figure 142 00:08:34,200 --> 00:08:37,240 Speaker 1: out a way to bring this story to an end 143 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:41,400 Speaker 1: and get the chevalier back in France where they want him. 144 00:08:41,440 --> 00:08:45,960 Speaker 1: So to negotiate Daniell's return, Louise Foreign Minister engaged a playwright, 145 00:08:46,320 --> 00:08:49,840 Speaker 1: Pierre Cameron de Beaumarche, who wrote The Barber of Seville 146 00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:52,520 Speaker 1: and The Marriage of Figaro, two plays that were eventually 147 00:08:52,559 --> 00:08:56,400 Speaker 1: adapted into the famous operas. Beau Marchet got the job done, 148 00:08:56,559 --> 00:09:01,959 Speaker 1: and on November four, seventy Danielle sign papers called the Transaction, 149 00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:05,959 Speaker 1: which allowed him to return to France, but only as 150 00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:09,280 Speaker 1: a woman. Oh boy, First of all, I just have 151 00:09:09,400 --> 00:09:13,120 Speaker 1: to say the Transactions such an appropriate name to conclude 152 00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:19,080 Speaker 1: the secrets anyway, though, Yes, in order to secure the 153 00:09:19,080 --> 00:09:24,520 Speaker 1: benefits of the transaction like a pension. They all had 154 00:09:24,600 --> 00:09:29,960 Speaker 1: to be a woman. Unconventional, very unconventional. Just we should 155 00:09:29,960 --> 00:09:31,720 Speaker 1: say that, just in case people think this was a 156 00:09:31,760 --> 00:09:37,040 Speaker 1: normal tactic of of the Louis era. No, it was 157 00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:40,600 Speaker 1: not a traditional sort of arrangement you had come to 158 00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:45,480 Speaker 1: even though it might have served the purpose of marginalizing 159 00:09:45,559 --> 00:09:47,920 Speaker 1: day all, you know, as as a female in an 160 00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:52,240 Speaker 1: age when there wouldn't have been many opportunities for for 161 00:09:52,280 --> 00:09:55,720 Speaker 1: a noble woman. There were way more traditional ways of 162 00:09:55,760 --> 00:09:59,000 Speaker 1: doing this, like banishing a nobleman to his estate. You 163 00:09:59,040 --> 00:10:03,000 Speaker 1: didn't normally say a start wearing ladies clothing and that'll 164 00:10:03,040 --> 00:10:08,280 Speaker 1: be your punishment. Even stranger though, the transaction doesn't say, oh, 165 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:10,840 Speaker 1: just start wearing women's clothing, like for the first time, 166 00:10:10,880 --> 00:10:14,000 Speaker 1: like you never did it before. It required that danon 167 00:10:14,480 --> 00:10:19,280 Speaker 1: quote readopt women's clothing, suggesting that he had been a 168 00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:22,600 Speaker 1: woman all along, but that he had been a woman, 169 00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:27,040 Speaker 1: had at one point in his distant past disguised himself 170 00:10:27,080 --> 00:10:29,800 Speaker 1: as a man, and was now required to go back 171 00:10:29,800 --> 00:10:32,520 Speaker 1: to being a woman. If you can follow all that. 172 00:10:33,440 --> 00:10:36,000 Speaker 1: And another surprising thing about this is, I guess the 173 00:10:36,559 --> 00:10:39,840 Speaker 1: people really weren't too surprised by it. It wasn't that 174 00:10:39,960 --> 00:10:42,320 Speaker 1: hard for people to believe that he might have been 175 00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:46,079 Speaker 1: a woman exactly. According to Thomas Stewart's article for the 176 00:10:46,160 --> 00:10:50,240 Speaker 1: National Portrait Gallery, it was accepted that women sometimes disguised 177 00:10:50,280 --> 00:10:52,319 Speaker 1: themselves and lived as men in order to serve in 178 00:10:52,360 --> 00:10:56,319 Speaker 1: a military capacity, or even simply to follow their sweethearts 179 00:10:56,320 --> 00:10:59,640 Speaker 1: into battle. But everyone knew that Dan was a man, right, 180 00:11:00,600 --> 00:11:03,480 Speaker 1: that's what you might think. I mean, certainly it seemed 181 00:11:03,480 --> 00:11:07,680 Speaker 1: as though everybody involved in the transaction knew he was 182 00:11:07,720 --> 00:11:10,200 Speaker 1: a man. But that's not really the case for the 183 00:11:10,240 --> 00:11:12,160 Speaker 1: general public. And this is where the story and the 184 00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:16,600 Speaker 1: motivations involved get pretty murky. But it's possible that the 185 00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:20,200 Speaker 1: whole readopt women's clothing thing was just a way to 186 00:11:20,440 --> 00:11:24,000 Speaker 1: marginalize in shame Dale. And if that were the case, 187 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:27,199 Speaker 1: it would work pretty well for both the French government, 188 00:11:27,240 --> 00:11:31,760 Speaker 1: which of course could explain away Dale's radical conduct as 189 00:11:31,840 --> 00:11:34,680 Speaker 1: that of a hysterical woman, you know, not as a 190 00:11:34,760 --> 00:11:37,599 Speaker 1: rogue spy um. And it would work all right for 191 00:11:37,679 --> 00:11:40,680 Speaker 1: Dale too, who at least would get to skip out 192 00:11:40,679 --> 00:11:45,560 Speaker 1: on something worse like imprisonment in the best deal. And plus, 193 00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:48,160 Speaker 1: if he had been a woman all along his career 194 00:11:48,280 --> 00:11:51,160 Speaker 1: would would be over, so another plus for the for 195 00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:54,400 Speaker 1: the French government side of things, But it was not 196 00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:59,880 Speaker 1: necessarily against his own wishes, right It could have been 197 00:12:00,080 --> 00:12:03,240 Speaker 1: Dale's own idea, something that appealed to him. We talked 198 00:12:03,280 --> 00:12:05,559 Speaker 1: a little bit in the last episode about how, depending 199 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:08,360 Speaker 1: on what source you read, Dale either showed no early 200 00:12:08,400 --> 00:12:11,600 Speaker 1: interest in dressing in women's clothing or he'd been doing 201 00:12:11,640 --> 00:12:14,760 Speaker 1: it for years. According to Art Daily, he may have 202 00:12:14,800 --> 00:12:18,679 Speaker 1: even been buying corsets in London for years. What is certain, though, 203 00:12:18,760 --> 00:12:21,480 Speaker 1: is that since about seventeen seventy there had been rumors 204 00:12:21,480 --> 00:12:25,200 Speaker 1: about his gender, ones that he actually encouraged after abandoning 205 00:12:25,320 --> 00:12:28,280 Speaker 1: his initial policy of challenging any doubters to a duel. 206 00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:31,640 Speaker 1: Leading up to the transaction, people even took bets on 207 00:12:31,679 --> 00:12:34,679 Speaker 1: whether Dale was a man or a woman. Pretty crazy stuff. 208 00:12:34,679 --> 00:12:40,440 Speaker 1: But from the transaction onward, Dale certainly embraced life fully 209 00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:43,800 Speaker 1: as a woman. He took on the name Charlotte, added 210 00:12:43,840 --> 00:12:46,240 Speaker 1: ease to that string of middle names. I guess I'll 211 00:12:46,280 --> 00:12:48,720 Speaker 1: go through that one more time. His his new name 212 00:12:49,320 --> 00:12:54,720 Speaker 1: Charlotte jen Viev Louise Auguste Andre Timothy Dale de Beaumont 213 00:12:55,040 --> 00:12:58,040 Speaker 1: pretty easy changes for most of them. Still a mouthful, 214 00:12:58,160 --> 00:13:01,400 Speaker 1: still a mouthful. Um. But he or she at this 215 00:13:01,520 --> 00:13:05,480 Speaker 1: point left London for Paris in August seventeen seventy seven. 216 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:08,319 Speaker 1: I mean of that, of course, was what this transaction 217 00:13:08,400 --> 00:13:11,880 Speaker 1: was for in the first place, amnesty. And by November 218 00:13:12,720 --> 00:13:15,800 Speaker 1: Dye was presented at court to Louis the sixteenth and 219 00:13:15,880 --> 00:13:19,040 Speaker 1: Marie Antoinette. And this really might be my favorite part 220 00:13:19,120 --> 00:13:22,679 Speaker 1: of the story, just because it's so unexpected. I mean, 221 00:13:22,720 --> 00:13:26,280 Speaker 1: there's nothing you never read anything like this. It's just 222 00:13:27,559 --> 00:13:32,600 Speaker 1: it stands alone. Dale underwent a four hour twilet that 223 00:13:32,679 --> 00:13:36,520 Speaker 1: was done by Rose Bartown herself, who's the famous designer. 224 00:13:36,720 --> 00:13:42,199 Speaker 1: She she did Marie Antoinette's clothes, but where hours still 225 00:13:42,320 --> 00:13:46,679 Speaker 1: was not enough to impress the snobby ladies of Versailles. 226 00:13:47,640 --> 00:13:52,559 Speaker 1: The Viscomte Stafar wrote quote, she had nothing of our 227 00:13:52,600 --> 00:13:56,400 Speaker 1: sex but the petticoats and the curls, which suited her horribly, 228 00:13:57,559 --> 00:14:01,319 Speaker 1: pretty mean thing to say. But still, I'm totally embracing 229 00:14:01,360 --> 00:14:06,920 Speaker 1: the fact that Don is a woman. So after just 230 00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:09,080 Speaker 1: a couple of weeks at her side, though, it must 231 00:14:09,160 --> 00:14:12,679 Speaker 1: have seen that dressing in women's clothes was not going 232 00:14:12,720 --> 00:14:17,800 Speaker 1: to be enough of a marginalization for this rogue spy, 233 00:14:17,880 --> 00:14:22,040 Speaker 1: and Dale was sent back to uh to the Burgundy 234 00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:27,560 Speaker 1: estate to live in exile until seventy five, when finally 235 00:14:28,080 --> 00:14:30,520 Speaker 1: she got what she had been agitating for for quite 236 00:14:30,560 --> 00:14:33,280 Speaker 1: some time, which was to get back to London, where 237 00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:37,840 Speaker 1: she was still a really popular figure. Once back in London, 238 00:14:37,960 --> 00:14:42,000 Speaker 1: Dan took to performing fencing displays and addressing cap and 239 00:14:42,040 --> 00:14:45,360 Speaker 1: the British continued to really like her. Mary wall stone 240 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:47,680 Speaker 1: Craft held her up as an example of femininity for 241 00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:51,720 Speaker 1: British women to emulate, and in seventeen ninety two she 242 00:14:51,880 --> 00:14:56,000 Speaker 1: offered the French National Assembly. She offered basically to lead 243 00:14:56,040 --> 00:15:01,040 Speaker 1: an Amazon army, and they the British just loved the 244 00:15:01,080 --> 00:15:05,920 Speaker 1: idea of an Amazon army. The Revolution spelled hard times 245 00:15:05,920 --> 00:15:08,479 Speaker 1: for Day, although she lost her pension from the transaction, 246 00:15:08,560 --> 00:15:11,040 Speaker 1: she had to sell off a book's jewelry and even 247 00:15:11,080 --> 00:15:13,280 Speaker 1: the Order of St. Louis when she was imprisoned for debt. 248 00:15:13,800 --> 00:15:16,520 Speaker 1: She finally died at age eighty two in eighteen ten, 249 00:15:17,120 --> 00:15:19,880 Speaker 1: poor and living with a widow named Mary Cole, who 250 00:15:19,920 --> 00:15:23,160 Speaker 1: supposedly had the surprise of her life when she helped 251 00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:25,760 Speaker 1: lay out the body of her old friend and found 252 00:15:25,840 --> 00:15:29,160 Speaker 1: that she was actually a man. Death was really the 253 00:15:29,160 --> 00:15:34,240 Speaker 1: only thing that settled that old question. Chevalier was physically 254 00:15:34,520 --> 00:15:39,760 Speaker 1: a male. But there are still more mystery surrounding this story, 255 00:15:39,920 --> 00:15:43,800 Speaker 1: and one of the main mysteries around Stale's decision to 256 00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:48,240 Speaker 1: continue living as a woman in that last fifteen some 257 00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:52,560 Speaker 1: odd years after the Revolution, after Louis the sixteenth execution. 258 00:15:53,160 --> 00:15:56,320 Speaker 1: Clearly she wasn't in France anymore. She was not getting 259 00:15:56,360 --> 00:15:59,640 Speaker 1: that pension from the transaction, which was after all and 260 00:15:59,680 --> 00:16:03,480 Speaker 1: agree made with a now defunct government. So it seemed 261 00:16:03,520 --> 00:16:08,040 Speaker 1: as though Charlotte could have just returned to being Charles 262 00:16:08,080 --> 00:16:13,000 Speaker 1: the Chevalier, and it probably The answer to this probably 263 00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:17,000 Speaker 1: depends on Dan's original motivation to accept the terms of 264 00:16:17,040 --> 00:16:19,600 Speaker 1: the transaction in the first place. So Dale may have 265 00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:23,080 Speaker 1: wanted to dress and live as a woman and was 266 00:16:23,240 --> 00:16:26,520 Speaker 1: in this utterly unique position for an eighteenth century man 267 00:16:26,560 --> 00:16:30,560 Speaker 1: to do that openly. The National Portrait Gallery for instant 268 00:16:30,640 --> 00:16:34,320 Speaker 1: their assessment is pretty compelling. They wrote, quote, no transbust 269 00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:38,120 Speaker 1: site or transsexual until the late twentieth century has enjoyed 270 00:16:38,160 --> 00:16:44,440 Speaker 1: such public recognition and acceptance. So if this was Dion's motivation, 271 00:16:44,520 --> 00:16:47,800 Speaker 1: then why stop just because Louis is gone. If if 272 00:16:47,840 --> 00:16:50,320 Speaker 1: this was the life that she had wanted to lead, 273 00:16:51,120 --> 00:16:55,160 Speaker 1: or another possibility here, if the gender reassignment had not 274 00:16:55,320 --> 00:16:58,040 Speaker 1: been a willing choice at the time, maybe it seemed 275 00:16:58,080 --> 00:17:01,000 Speaker 1: a smart one to maintain by the seventeen intees, especially 276 00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:04,879 Speaker 1: without that pension. Danon, after all, had already reworked her 277 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:07,159 Speaker 1: life story as though she had been a woman all along. 278 00:17:07,560 --> 00:17:11,440 Speaker 1: She profited from being unique, fencing in skirts and so on. 279 00:17:11,800 --> 00:17:14,679 Speaker 1: She even sold memoirs in eighteen o five, though she 280 00:17:14,760 --> 00:17:18,320 Speaker 1: never delivered. Maybe it would have been too hard to 281 00:17:18,359 --> 00:17:22,560 Speaker 1: go once you've rewritten your life story and right, maybe 282 00:17:22,560 --> 00:17:24,280 Speaker 1: it just and made a living that way. Yeah, it 283 00:17:24,359 --> 00:17:27,040 Speaker 1: might have just been It might have not seemed feasible 284 00:17:27,440 --> 00:17:30,960 Speaker 1: to make a living in another way, because of course, 285 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:33,000 Speaker 1: if she did return to being a man, she'd sort 286 00:17:33,000 --> 00:17:35,760 Speaker 1: of be a man in disgrace, I mean, especially with 287 00:17:35,760 --> 00:17:39,840 Speaker 1: with France still. But the painting acquired by the National 288 00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:42,080 Speaker 1: Portrait Gallery, which we described a little bit at the 289 00:17:42,080 --> 00:17:45,720 Speaker 1: beginning of the first episode, it actually gives a pretty 290 00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:49,399 Speaker 1: good idea of the level of the Chevalier's fame in 291 00:17:49,480 --> 00:17:52,639 Speaker 1: her early days back in London. It's a seventeen ninety 292 00:17:52,680 --> 00:17:56,400 Speaker 1: two copy by Thomas Stewart of one done in seventeen 293 00:17:57,560 --> 00:18:01,960 Speaker 1: by Genre Molsnier had even been shown at the Royal 294 00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:05,080 Speaker 1: Academy UM in the painting, it's really easy to find 295 00:18:05,080 --> 00:18:07,479 Speaker 1: a picture of it online. But Jale is wearing her 296 00:18:07,520 --> 00:18:10,439 Speaker 1: signature black dress. She's wearing a large hat with a 297 00:18:10,640 --> 00:18:15,400 Speaker 1: revolutionary bow, you know, tricolor bow on it, her order 298 00:18:15,440 --> 00:18:19,240 Speaker 1: of Salt Louis metal. And the copy would have been 299 00:18:19,320 --> 00:18:22,320 Speaker 1: made in England around the same time that the Chevalion 300 00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:26,000 Speaker 1: was offering to lead a troop of Amazon, so really 301 00:18:26,119 --> 00:18:29,760 Speaker 1: at that height of her fame, and according to Art Daily, 302 00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:36,400 Speaker 1: it somehow got lost around n and then somehow along 303 00:18:36,440 --> 00:18:42,320 Speaker 1: the way was mislabeled and misattributed until when the London 304 00:18:42,440 --> 00:18:45,640 Speaker 1: art dealer Philip Mould found it out in New York 305 00:18:45,760 --> 00:18:49,119 Speaker 1: sale and it was listed as we As we mentioned 306 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:54,440 Speaker 1: in the last episode, Misless misidentified as a woman's portrait 307 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,800 Speaker 1: done by Gilbert Stewart, who, of course is a very 308 00:18:57,840 --> 00:19:01,439 Speaker 1: famous artist. He's known for his unfinished painting of George 309 00:19:01,480 --> 00:19:04,840 Speaker 1: Washington the Skater. Pretty much the portrait that comes to 310 00:19:04,880 --> 00:19:07,880 Speaker 1: mind if you think of anybody like Thomas Jefferson, John 311 00:19:07,920 --> 00:19:11,399 Speaker 1: Adams all done by Gilbert Stewart, so it was just 312 00:19:11,440 --> 00:19:14,919 Speaker 1: believed to be this middle aged lady Gilbert Stewart had painted, 313 00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:17,160 Speaker 1: and I guess that's what everybody thought for for some 314 00:19:17,240 --> 00:19:20,840 Speaker 1: time at least. But Mold knew that something was off here. 315 00:19:21,200 --> 00:19:24,639 Speaker 1: According to the Guardian, he said here, quote, even in 316 00:19:24,680 --> 00:19:27,600 Speaker 1: its dirty state, it was quite clear that this woman 317 00:19:27,920 --> 00:19:31,160 Speaker 1: had stubble, and it really, I mean, it is quite 318 00:19:31,160 --> 00:19:33,720 Speaker 1: clear that the picture is of a man. I mean, 319 00:19:33,760 --> 00:19:37,879 Speaker 1: I maybe it's just because I know, now, what did 320 00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:41,920 Speaker 1: you think of Lena. I think it's also clear, not 321 00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:45,200 Speaker 1: just because of the stubble. I mean, I guess female 322 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:48,560 Speaker 1: facial hair too, but it does look like a man. 323 00:19:49,400 --> 00:19:53,880 Speaker 1: The cleaning revealed even more masculine features as I noticed, 324 00:19:54,320 --> 00:19:58,160 Speaker 1: plus the Thomas Stewart's signature covered with the Gilbert Stewart's name, 325 00:19:58,680 --> 00:20:01,040 Speaker 1: and today the Chevalier is getting a second wave of 326 00:20:01,080 --> 00:20:04,879 Speaker 1: respect and admiration. Lucy Pelts, the National Portrait Galleries curator 327 00:20:04,920 --> 00:20:10,000 Speaker 1: of eighteenth century portraits, said Dane was quote fascinating and inspirational. 328 00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:12,919 Speaker 1: You do really find the assessment and a lot of 329 00:20:12,960 --> 00:20:16,399 Speaker 1: the more recent news articles about the Chevalier and about 330 00:20:16,440 --> 00:20:19,080 Speaker 1: this portrait and the importance of the portrait in the 331 00:20:19,119 --> 00:20:22,639 Speaker 1: Galleries collection. But I also find it fascinating that just 332 00:20:22,760 --> 00:20:27,040 Speaker 1: as Mary Wolston Craft had held up the Chevalier Dale 333 00:20:27,200 --> 00:20:31,680 Speaker 1: as an inspiration and as a model for courageous womanhood, 334 00:20:32,600 --> 00:20:35,639 Speaker 1: the Chevalier is today being held up as an inspirational 335 00:20:35,920 --> 00:20:40,240 Speaker 1: LGBT figure. Um things that that seem kind of at 336 00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:43,320 Speaker 1: odds with each other, but it's still the same person, 337 00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:46,879 Speaker 1: you know who who's managing to inspire different groups for 338 00:20:46,920 --> 00:20:50,359 Speaker 1: different reasons. And just a note here, before we we 339 00:20:50,440 --> 00:20:53,960 Speaker 1: wrapped this one up. Language was quite tricky for the 340 00:20:54,160 --> 00:20:58,280 Speaker 1: show because it's it's difficult to call Dale a transsexual 341 00:20:58,560 --> 00:21:03,760 Speaker 1: or a transvestite, because the circumstances behind his sudden adoption 342 00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:07,359 Speaker 1: of a woman's identity are still unclear. You know, whether 343 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:09,600 Speaker 1: it was forced upon him or whether it was something 344 00:21:09,640 --> 00:21:12,680 Speaker 1: that he negotiated for. And the same is true with 345 00:21:12,760 --> 00:21:16,199 Speaker 1: gender too. We decided to clearly go with the gender 346 00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:19,720 Speaker 1: accepted by the public at the time, so a male 347 00:21:19,960 --> 00:21:22,199 Speaker 1: for the first half and a female figured. If we 348 00:21:22,240 --> 00:21:25,280 Speaker 1: tried to revise it, revise his life story and he's 349 00:21:25,280 --> 00:21:27,199 Speaker 1: a female from the beginning, you all would know what 350 00:21:27,240 --> 00:21:30,439 Speaker 1: we were talking about. Um. Plus, even if the vis 351 00:21:30,520 --> 00:21:33,919 Speaker 1: contests was going with she. I mean, we needed to 352 00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:38,560 Speaker 1: write exactly. And one little side note here, another additional 353 00:21:38,600 --> 00:21:42,840 Speaker 1: side note. While he's praised for things like courage and intellecting, 354 00:21:42,920 --> 00:21:46,639 Speaker 1: All was sometimes criticized for being unladylike, for example, hitching 355 00:21:46,720 --> 00:21:49,240 Speaker 1: up his skirt to go upstairs, a critique that you 356 00:21:49,240 --> 00:21:51,800 Speaker 1: wouldn't necessarily expect to be leveled in a man who 357 00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:54,440 Speaker 1: was dressing as a woman. I mean, these are criticisms 358 00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:58,280 Speaker 1: in his in his own day and art Daily describes 359 00:21:58,760 --> 00:22:02,960 Speaker 1: the unique position of the chevalier in his time with 360 00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:05,600 Speaker 1: this quote, which I thought summed it up pretty well. 361 00:22:06,240 --> 00:22:10,160 Speaker 1: Eighteenth century society found it much more acceptable to calibrate 362 00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:13,880 Speaker 1: him as a masculine woman rather than a cross dressing man. 363 00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:17,560 Speaker 1: That kind of explains the portrait a little bit, described 364 00:22:17,600 --> 00:22:21,840 Speaker 1: as a masculine middle aged woman. Um but I don't know, 365 00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:25,440 Speaker 1: I just found this whole story really fascinating, clearly because 366 00:22:25,480 --> 00:22:28,000 Speaker 1: of the secret and Madame da Pompadour and all of 367 00:22:28,040 --> 00:22:33,720 Speaker 1: the spying. Um but just it's so unique. There really 368 00:22:33,800 --> 00:22:35,639 Speaker 1: is not anything else like this. I mean, I know 369 00:22:35,720 --> 00:22:38,439 Speaker 1: we talked about in our Amazon episode. We talked about 370 00:22:39,000 --> 00:22:45,040 Speaker 1: a woman who disguised herself as a soldier um. But 371 00:22:45,800 --> 00:22:50,280 Speaker 1: the chevalier stands alone, he really does. It's an interesting 372 00:22:50,320 --> 00:22:53,600 Speaker 1: story and interesting that Madame da Pompadour keeps popping up. 373 00:22:53,720 --> 00:22:57,200 Speaker 1: I know, maybe she's our new arcticle and Doyle I 374 00:22:57,240 --> 00:23:01,920 Speaker 1: don't know. I don't know about that, but she's definitely 375 00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:04,840 Speaker 1: an intriguing to try to give him a run for 376 00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:11,520 Speaker 1: his money. So so, since we talked a good deal 377 00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:16,320 Speaker 1: about a painting today, we thought that maybe we'd have 378 00:23:16,359 --> 00:23:19,240 Speaker 1: a little listener mill about paintings, and this one comes 379 00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:22,840 Speaker 1: from Maria. She wrote to say, Hi, I just listened 380 00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:25,560 Speaker 1: to your show on the lot Lourie House and one 381 00:23:25,640 --> 00:23:28,639 Speaker 1: of you mentioned being particularly freaked out by the story 382 00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:31,840 Speaker 1: of the painting whose eyes follow you across the room. 383 00:23:31,880 --> 00:23:33,480 Speaker 1: I don't know that might have been magically, No, I 384 00:23:33,520 --> 00:23:37,240 Speaker 1: think it was. She goes on to say, I'm sorry 385 00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:39,280 Speaker 1: to say that you were going to spend most of 386 00:23:39,280 --> 00:23:42,359 Speaker 1: your life freaked out. If this is indeed the case, 387 00:23:44,280 --> 00:23:48,080 Speaker 1: since all portrait paintings, or indeed photographs where the subject 388 00:23:48,119 --> 00:23:51,439 Speaker 1: is looking straight ahead, are guilty of this behavior, it 389 00:23:51,560 --> 00:23:55,040 Speaker 1: is an inherent quality of the two D image. Go ahead, 390 00:23:55,359 --> 00:23:58,320 Speaker 1: find any portrait and keep your eyes fixed on it 391 00:23:58,400 --> 00:24:01,879 Speaker 1: while walking across the room. You will never lose eye contact. 392 00:24:02,440 --> 00:24:04,760 Speaker 1: I tested out with Picasso over there. Yes, as we 393 00:24:04,800 --> 00:24:08,720 Speaker 1: have mentioned before, we sit next to photos in the studio. 394 00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:12,160 Speaker 1: Dablina has Tesla on her side. I have an elderly 395 00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:18,680 Speaker 1: Picasso wearing his underwear, which some other fellow podcast host 396 00:24:18,760 --> 00:24:20,840 Speaker 1: in the past has covered up at one point with 397 00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:24,920 Speaker 1: a post it note. But I guess yeah, I could 398 00:24:24,920 --> 00:24:27,960 Speaker 1: try to see if Picasso's eyes follow me, although it's 399 00:24:28,480 --> 00:24:31,000 Speaker 1: it's not gonna matter because he's always to my right anyway, 400 00:24:31,040 --> 00:24:33,879 Speaker 1: looking right at me. Right, that's true. I think my 401 00:24:33,960 --> 00:24:37,400 Speaker 1: issue is more of the haunted painting than the eyes. Well, 402 00:24:37,640 --> 00:24:40,120 Speaker 1: I want to stand by my statement that I think 403 00:24:40,160 --> 00:24:44,200 Speaker 1: the whispering of the portraits creepier, and if anyone wants 404 00:24:44,200 --> 00:24:46,399 Speaker 1: to send an email and explain that to me, I 405 00:24:46,440 --> 00:24:49,639 Speaker 1: would appreciate it because I would like to the acoustics 406 00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:54,200 Speaker 1: say that comes from portraits. Yes, all right, we'll be expected. 407 00:24:54,200 --> 00:24:57,960 Speaker 1: I don't think that's something they all do. Mine don't. Anyway, 408 00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:02,080 Speaker 1: Tess Love not whisper ing to Glena. Well he is, 409 00:25:02,119 --> 00:25:05,199 Speaker 1: but that's because we have a connected between you and Tesla, right, 410 00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:07,840 Speaker 1: all right, So yes, if you want to let us 411 00:25:07,920 --> 00:25:12,680 Speaker 1: know about how any of our fears regarding portraiture or 412 00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:17,120 Speaker 1: whispers are true or unfounded, you can email us at 413 00:25:17,240 --> 00:25:20,800 Speaker 1: History Podcasts at Discovery dot com. We're also on Twitter 414 00:25:20,840 --> 00:25:23,480 Speaker 1: a mist in history, and we're in Facebook. And if 415 00:25:23,480 --> 00:25:25,040 Speaker 1: you would like to learn a little bit more about 416 00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:28,920 Speaker 1: a clothing item referred to on this podcast, you can 417 00:25:29,119 --> 00:25:31,880 Speaker 1: look up an article we have on how corsets work. Yeah, 418 00:25:31,880 --> 00:25:34,920 Speaker 1: and one last thing on the Chevalier, when I read 419 00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:39,520 Speaker 1: that he supposedly bought corsets while living in London, you know, 420 00:25:39,600 --> 00:25:43,240 Speaker 1: I had to email Holly, who is the one of 421 00:25:43,240 --> 00:25:46,000 Speaker 1: the co hosts of Pop Stuff and guested on this 422 00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:48,800 Speaker 1: show a little while and our resident corset experts. Yeah, 423 00:25:48,800 --> 00:25:50,720 Speaker 1: I mean we were talking about underwear, so any of 424 00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:53,000 Speaker 1: y'all who listened to that podcast know it already, but 425 00:25:53,359 --> 00:25:55,040 Speaker 1: I just had to check with her to make sure 426 00:25:55,080 --> 00:25:58,840 Speaker 1: this was not a time when men were regularly wearing corsets, 427 00:25:58,840 --> 00:26:03,160 Speaker 1: because that would sort of cancel out that the salacious 428 00:26:03,200 --> 00:26:05,919 Speaker 1: detail of that fact, right, And what did you have 429 00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:09,159 Speaker 1: to say? She had kind of a non answer. Admittedly, 430 00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:11,919 Speaker 1: she said that it was not a time when a 431 00:26:11,960 --> 00:26:15,040 Speaker 1: lot of men were corset, but it wouldn't have been 432 00:26:15,400 --> 00:26:22,119 Speaker 1: totally strange to have something for your dress clothes. Maybe, um, 433 00:26:22,160 --> 00:26:27,280 Speaker 1: so I'm assuming that these were clearly not male corsets though, 434 00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:30,000 Speaker 1: or it wouldn't have been reported. I decid to throw 435 00:26:30,040 --> 00:26:32,399 Speaker 1: it in there, though a little noting people liked the 436 00:26:32,480 --> 00:26:37,080 Speaker 1: underwear episode. People liked hearing about corsets. So now you 437 00:26:37,119 --> 00:26:40,639 Speaker 1: know Chevalier corsets. Can go read more about course, it's 438 00:26:40,720 --> 00:26:47,880 Speaker 1: in general at how stuff works dot com for more 439 00:26:47,880 --> 00:26:50,199 Speaker 1: on this and thousands of other topics. Because it how 440 00:26:50,240 --> 00:27:05,879 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com name to do