WEBVTT - Regurgitation Celebration 0:00:03.840 --> 0:00:06.680 Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff 0:00:06.720 --> 0:00:13.880 Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 0:00:13.880 --> 0:00:16.439 My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Douglas. And 0:00:16.480 --> 0:00:19.639 I know what everyone has been thinking, especially following the 0:00:19.640 --> 0:00:23.239 the episode we did about slug reproduction. When is the 0:00:23.280 --> 0:00:27.240 episode on vomit coming? Because because I know I wanted 0:00:27.280 --> 0:00:29.560 to vomit during the research for that one. Uh, And 0:00:29.640 --> 0:00:33.920 so this episode is about vomit, but not just about 0:00:33.960 --> 0:00:36.920 the human vomit, because that's kind of boring. It's about 0:00:37.600 --> 0:00:39.720 what happens when you look beyond human vomit and when 0:00:39.720 --> 0:00:45.159 you we re reexamine regurgitation from a larger and it's 0:00:45.200 --> 0:00:49.040 many merits from a larger biological viewpoint. We're gonna look 0:00:49.040 --> 0:00:51.600 at regurgitation the way God looks at regurgitation. It's what 0:00:51.640 --> 0:00:59.400 I'm saying, all right, So let's let's get into regurgitation. 0:00:59.480 --> 0:01:01.440 But before we look at the animal world for some 0:01:01.520 --> 0:01:05.000 wonderful examples of it. I can't help but to to 0:01:05.080 --> 0:01:08.200 look at us as humans here and the ways in 0:01:08.240 --> 0:01:11.680 which we were regurgitate and why we do it. Um, 0:01:11.720 --> 0:01:14.400 you know, certainly it helps when we have eaten something 0:01:14.400 --> 0:01:16.760 that's rancid, and our stomach needs to get rid of 0:01:16.800 --> 0:01:19.600 it as soon as possible, because that's ultimately the main 0:01:19.800 --> 0:01:22.280 reason the humans vomit is because there's something that we 0:01:22.280 --> 0:01:24.320 we ingested it then we need to get out. And 0:01:24.360 --> 0:01:26.759 it's a good thing to have. Not all animals can 0:01:26.880 --> 0:01:30.040 can do this. Um, some animals that eat something bad, 0:01:30.080 --> 0:01:32.320 it's just kind of it's in there, you know, and 0:01:32.400 --> 0:01:34.840 they're gonna have to roll with it. But with humans, 0:01:34.920 --> 0:01:38.440 we eat something that's good, that's noxious and and potentially dangerous, 0:01:38.720 --> 0:01:41.600 we can vomit it back up and then reevaluate it 0:01:42.600 --> 0:01:45.080 and like many animals, eat it again if it deserves 0:01:45.400 --> 0:01:48.720 re eating. If it deserves re eating, well, that meat 0:01:48.800 --> 0:01:51.040 left was so good. And now ask your dog about 0:01:51.040 --> 0:01:54.320 this one, and I'm sure they'll explain, all right, So 0:01:54.640 --> 0:01:56.600 that we hate doing it. It's the thing most of 0:01:56.600 --> 0:02:00.320 the and in many cases, I mean, I can think 0:02:00.320 --> 0:02:03.639 of a few times in my life where I really 0:02:03.680 --> 0:02:07.480 needed to vomit, and and a good doubt of vomiting 0:02:07.480 --> 0:02:10.080 would have really been beneficial to my well being. Open 0:02:10.160 --> 0:02:12.360 up to us, tell us when why I don't remember 0:02:12.440 --> 0:02:15.160 the day I didn't market on the calendar, But you know, 0:02:15.280 --> 0:02:18.880 maybe you've you're a little under the weather, or you ingested, uh, 0:02:19.120 --> 0:02:21.640 something you shouldn't have that night before, and then you're 0:02:21.720 --> 0:02:25.280 you're ill and you don't want to vomit because it's 0:02:25.360 --> 0:02:28.880 it is a stressful experience. It's like you're it kind 0:02:28.880 --> 0:02:31.680 of blows you up. You're you're suddenly you're you're you're 0:02:31.720 --> 0:02:35.280 just rattling. Your body's rattling, and your your your high energy, 0:02:35.720 --> 0:02:39.080 and it's, uh, it's an unpleasant experience for this stuff 0:02:39.120 --> 0:02:41.440 to come out of your mouth and it tastes bad. 0:02:41.480 --> 0:02:44.639 I mean, anyone, everyone I think is probably vomited this 0:02:44.800 --> 0:02:47.200 listening to this podcast. If you haven't, I would love 0:02:47.280 --> 0:02:51.440 to hear why that is the case. But everyone is vomited. 0:02:51.520 --> 0:02:53.240 You know. It's unpleasant and a lot of times we 0:02:53.280 --> 0:02:55.680 avoid doing it even when we should. Well, you know what, 0:02:55.800 --> 0:02:57.959 if if you ever need to vomit, I'm just here 0:02:58.000 --> 0:02:59.799 to tell you that I will hold your hair back 0:02:59.840 --> 0:03:02.840 for you. Well, thank you, sure, But here's something I 0:03:02.840 --> 0:03:07.200 will never do. I will never premasticate something for you. Okay, 0:03:07.240 --> 0:03:09.760 So when I'm talking about promostication here, when I'm talking 0:03:09.760 --> 0:03:13.799 about I'm talking about chewing up food, coating it with 0:03:13.880 --> 0:03:17.760 my lovely saliva and then depositing it into probably an 0:03:17.760 --> 0:03:21.760 infant's mouth, because that's generally how it's been done with humans. Yeah, 0:03:21.840 --> 0:03:25.639 birds do it, we'll discuss Mice have also been observed 0:03:25.639 --> 0:03:28.600 to do this, and intimate makes sense for humans to 0:03:28.639 --> 0:03:31.040 do it. And granted, this is not food that has 0:03:31.080 --> 0:03:34.800 been swallowed and then properly like regurgitated from the gut. Yeah, 0:03:34.800 --> 0:03:37.040 there's no bial in it, right, but it has been 0:03:37.280 --> 0:03:39.240 it has been chewed up. And think of what baby 0:03:39.240 --> 0:03:41.480 food is. What is baby food but pre chewed food. 0:03:41.640 --> 0:03:44.200 You're just you just want a robot to show it 0:03:44.280 --> 0:03:46.640 instead of a human. Yeah, and it seems kind of gross, 0:03:46.680 --> 0:03:49.680 but really, I mean this has been done since time immemorial, right, 0:03:49.720 --> 0:03:52.640 I mean, if you didn't have a blender, pre blender days, 0:03:52.720 --> 0:03:54.760 you didn't have a grinder, this is what you did. 0:03:55.360 --> 0:03:58.920 And it actually makes sense because saliva is enzyme rich 0:03:59.000 --> 0:04:01.840 and this helps to break down food and it also 0:04:01.920 --> 0:04:06.920 contains antibodies which might coat food proteins, making them less allergenic. 0:04:07.000 --> 0:04:09.840 And this is really important because I just read a 0:04:09.840 --> 0:04:12.680 really interesting article in the New York or it's called 0:04:12.720 --> 0:04:15.360 the peanut Puzzle, and it looks at the extreme uptick 0:04:15.560 --> 0:04:18.599 in peanut allergies and kids, and and allergies in general 0:04:18.680 --> 0:04:22.560 and children. And some of the idea is that um 0:04:22.600 --> 0:04:26.440 in undeveloped countries you see far less instances of food 0:04:26.440 --> 0:04:29.360 allergies and kids, and it may because of this premastication 0:04:29.440 --> 0:04:31.400 with infants. So if you've got a six month old, 0:04:31.400 --> 0:04:35.200 they're being exposed to some of these more allergenic foods, 0:04:35.240 --> 0:04:38.080 but they they're coated so it doesn't really take effect 0:04:38.120 --> 0:04:40.400 in their bodies. Wow, that that is that's a really 0:04:40.440 --> 0:04:42.719 fascinating idea. I mean, that really kind of blew my 0:04:42.760 --> 0:04:44.880 mind a bit because I guess I wasn't really familiar 0:04:44.960 --> 0:04:49.960 with the with the longstanding traditions of of chewing food 0:04:50.040 --> 0:04:53.600 for a human child, though of course I've seen footage 0:04:53.600 --> 0:04:54.680 of it, you know, now that I think about it, 0:04:54.680 --> 0:04:58.000 I've seen like clips of of like a mother in Africa, 0:04:58.120 --> 0:05:00.479 like chewing a bit on something and then and giving 0:05:00.480 --> 0:05:02.880 that food to the kid, you know, not a straight up, 0:05:03.680 --> 0:05:05.760 you know, bird mouth kind of situation. Because I think 0:05:05.800 --> 0:05:08.479 that's the that's the vision that that we think of 0:05:08.480 --> 0:05:10.640 when we instantly hear about this. We think of one bird, 0:05:11.160 --> 0:05:14.880 you know, just wretching into another bird's mouth, And I've 0:05:14.880 --> 0:05:18.120 seen it played for laughs for disgusting laughs on like 0:05:18.360 --> 0:05:21.039 an episode of Saturday Night Live once where somebody's food 0:05:21.080 --> 0:05:23.080 was being chewed for them and spit and do another 0:05:23.080 --> 0:05:26.119 person's mouth, and you know, everyone just loses it because 0:05:26.320 --> 0:05:29.200 that's so gross. But as you explained, I mean, it's 0:05:29.240 --> 0:05:32.159 it's part of our biological heritage. Yeah, it's just probably 0:05:32.160 --> 0:05:34.160 not something that you're going to see in America, like 0:05:34.279 --> 0:05:37.880 you know, in shopping malls, mother's premascating food and then 0:05:37.920 --> 0:05:40.680 spitting it into the chilren's mouth, unless you are Alicia Silverstone, right, 0:05:40.680 --> 0:05:43.440 because this happened last year. She was caught on video 0:05:43.520 --> 0:05:48.080 doing this with her child. People freaked out, but you 0:05:48.120 --> 0:05:50.479 know there are merits to doing that. Well, they freak 0:05:50.520 --> 0:05:53.760 out over over breastfeeding. I think it was was it 0:05:53.760 --> 0:05:56.920 it was either Covington, Georgia or Conyers, Georgia. Somewhere out there, 0:05:56.960 --> 0:06:00.719 just outside of Atlanta, a woman was is breastfaiting a 0:06:00.800 --> 0:06:04.840 child at one of the bigger chain restaurants. I forget which, 0:06:04.880 --> 0:06:06.920 and I probably shouldn't say it if I did remember, 0:06:07.120 --> 0:06:10.760 but somebody called the police. Well, I mean, which is insane. Yes, 0:06:10.920 --> 0:06:14.080 that is an armed breasts going to get you what 0:06:14.160 --> 0:06:15.800 if she had been if she'd been chewing her food 0:06:15.839 --> 0:06:18.680 for the kid, I mean, goodness knows that would that 0:06:18.680 --> 0:06:20.920 would have been just instant police call right there. Well, 0:06:21.040 --> 0:06:23.000 what I'd like to think is that some people would 0:06:23.000 --> 0:06:25.000 be so horrified that they began puking, and then other 0:06:25.360 --> 0:06:30.159 people would begin people sypathetic vomiting. Synthetic vomiting, yes, um okay, 0:06:30.200 --> 0:06:33.679 So so we've seen, you know, the rigurgitation and humans, 0:06:33.839 --> 0:06:37.520 and then of course when we over eat, over consume, 0:06:37.839 --> 0:06:41.160 or we eat something rancid, we vomit um. But what 0:06:41.200 --> 0:06:44.200 about people who vomit for their art? Ah? Yes, the 0:06:44.360 --> 0:06:49.440 professional regurgitator, the performance vomitter. This was and this is 0:06:49.480 --> 0:06:52.800 that we've we've briefly mentioned, um, the what were they 0:06:52.839 --> 0:06:57.760 called the performance um flags, the flashuns, the flatwists or yeah, 0:06:57.800 --> 0:07:02.040 the flats flat you artists. Yeah, because he would have 0:07:02.120 --> 0:07:05.360 this in the in the old circus environment. People were 0:07:05.440 --> 0:07:07.359 getting up there and they're using their skill to the 0:07:07.440 --> 0:07:12.240 entertainment of everyone. Everyone finds farting hilarious in the right 0:07:12.320 --> 0:07:16.720 circumstances and do varying degrees. And then likewise, like I said, 0:07:16.840 --> 0:07:21.680 vomiting is gross and it's shocking, and like everything that 0:07:21.800 --> 0:07:26.559 is gross and shocking, it has a tendency to elicit laughter. Well, 0:07:26.920 --> 0:07:30.600 Millie Brown is the regurgitation regurgitation artist in question here, 0:07:30.720 --> 0:07:35.000 and she has one piece that she's done. She's done 0:07:35.000 --> 0:07:38.800 several apparently, but this one is a contemporary artist. Yeah. Oh, 0:07:38.840 --> 0:07:40.640 I'm not familiar with her. I'm more familiar with the 0:07:40.680 --> 0:07:45.560 older like you know, the old photos of Carney Carney regurgitators. No, 0:07:45.680 --> 0:07:47.960 I mean she does it up. I mean it's pretty 0:07:48.040 --> 0:07:52.160 much performance artist type of work, although she does use 0:07:52.200 --> 0:07:55.840 a canvas. So let me just explain this video to 0:07:55.880 --> 0:07:57.720 you really quickly because we really don't need to spend 0:07:57.720 --> 0:07:59.080 a lot of time on this, but it is kind 0:07:59.120 --> 0:08:03.360 of interesting. Um. She has basically these glasses of different 0:08:03.400 --> 0:08:07.040 colored liquids. It's the rainbow of colors, and so she 0:08:07.160 --> 0:08:10.160 takes yellow, she she drinks it, she lets it settle, 0:08:10.200 --> 0:08:12.840 and then she regurgitates that onto the campus, onto a 0:08:12.840 --> 0:08:16.240 white campus. No, you think that's you know, odd. She 0:08:16.320 --> 0:08:18.920 also has two opera singers in the background clad in 0:08:19.040 --> 0:08:23.440 all white. Um, and they are seeing my favorite aria 0:08:23.480 --> 0:08:26.520 by the way, don't pa, And it's you know, this 0:08:26.600 --> 0:08:30.480 beautiful opera song in this aria, and and and of 0:08:30.520 --> 0:08:33.959 course she's regurgitating onto the campus. This video is definitely 0:08:33.960 --> 0:08:36.240 going to go up on the block post that accompanies 0:08:36.280 --> 0:08:40.120 this episode. So I mean, you know what, I appreciated 0:08:40.160 --> 0:08:42.360 it because she did put some thought into the colors 0:08:42.920 --> 0:08:45.120 she used. It is a rainbow of colors. It's not 0:08:45.200 --> 0:08:49.240 just brown vomit on a campus, and it's that's thoughtful. Yeah, yeah, 0:08:49.360 --> 0:08:51.360 that's some color too, because the color makes all the difference. 0:08:51.440 --> 0:08:54.040 I found that when I recolored an image of the slug, 0:08:54.040 --> 0:08:57.360 it repulsed me less. So you can sep colorful vomit 0:08:57.640 --> 0:09:00.439 would would have the same thing. Yeah you don't know this, 0:09:00.520 --> 0:09:02.640 but but Robert is still kind of working through the 0:09:02.800 --> 0:09:04.920 issues with slugs and and finding ways to deal with 0:09:04.960 --> 0:09:07.000 them because you've been posting on the on slugs a 0:09:07.000 --> 0:09:09.920 lot and stuff and having to deal with the imagery, 0:09:10.040 --> 0:09:11.600 and it helped a little bit. I think I do 0:09:11.720 --> 0:09:15.560 respect them more as his organisms, especially after I read 0:09:15.600 --> 0:09:18.400 some and look at I did a post about the 0:09:18.480 --> 0:09:23.719 question deuced slugs trip on psilocybin when they eat psilocybin mushrooms, 0:09:24.360 --> 0:09:26.760 and uh, I found all this I didn't find really 0:09:26.760 --> 0:09:28.920 a definitive definitive advance a on that. But I end 0:09:29.000 --> 0:09:31.040 up finding some really cool stuff about slug intelligence. And 0:09:31.040 --> 0:09:34.480 there's some arguments that say that their cognitive abilities are 0:09:34.520 --> 0:09:37.000 really not that far off from like a rat or 0:09:37.040 --> 0:09:39.400 a pigeon. So so if you don't know for sure 0:09:39.440 --> 0:09:40.960 whether or nothing good, who listen it? But if you 0:09:40.960 --> 0:09:43.240 look at their their cognitive abilities, yeah, there are a 0:09:43.280 --> 0:09:45.720 lot smarter than than I gave them credit for. And 0:09:45.760 --> 0:09:47.959 I'm not sure just how how much how it makes 0:09:48.000 --> 0:09:50.080 me feel better or if it makes me work. Lets 0:09:50.080 --> 0:09:53.320 take over the world, Robert Lamb. But we're but back 0:09:53.360 --> 0:09:56.200 to vonit back to the issue at hand. All right, 0:09:56.280 --> 0:10:01.680 let's look at some instances of regurgitation in the insect world. Yes, 0:10:02.120 --> 0:10:05.160 the insect world, and and the and the world of 0:10:05.200 --> 0:10:10.240 iractnets UM offers some excellent examples. UM. For instance, spiders 0:10:10.320 --> 0:10:17.160 arachnets regurgitate this enzyme rich bath of caustic goo. Uh. 0:10:17.160 --> 0:10:20.120 They either regurgitated onto their prey, and this is in 0:10:20.160 --> 0:10:22.559 cases where they sort of shred the meat a little 0:10:22.840 --> 0:10:24.200 They shred it up a little bit and then they 0:10:24.480 --> 0:10:27.000 vomit onto it and the enzymes break it down, or 0:10:27.240 --> 0:10:31.480 they regurgitate into uh, their prey. For instance, the widow 0:10:31.520 --> 0:10:35.200 spider and many crab spiders forced these enzymes, forced this 0:10:35.320 --> 0:10:37.400 vomit into a hole that they make in the prey, 0:10:38.040 --> 0:10:40.240 and then they suck it all back out like a slurpie. 0:10:40.320 --> 0:10:44.960 So they apply the the the grotesque costic chemical, let 0:10:44.960 --> 0:10:47.960 it break down and turn everything into this uh, this 0:10:47.960 --> 0:10:50.400 this meat smoothie, and then they slurp all of it 0:10:50.440 --> 0:10:52.679 back up. Yeah, And it's really brilliant the way that 0:10:52.720 --> 0:10:54.600 they do this because they get this ball is going 0:10:54.640 --> 0:10:57.280 of ball us is basically a ball of insects, and 0:10:57.320 --> 0:10:58.880 then uh, you know, they've got to get all the 0:10:58.880 --> 0:11:01.280 crunchy parts down because they can't spend a lot of 0:11:01.400 --> 0:11:04.080 energy trying to break this down, so they are vomiting 0:11:04.160 --> 0:11:07.280 on it and essentially making it a protein shake for themselves, 0:11:07.280 --> 0:11:10.600 is slurping it back up. Um. But it's it is 0:11:10.640 --> 0:11:12.920 a very I think it's a very cool problems they're 0:11:12.960 --> 0:11:15.640 kind of using. It's a form of external digestion. And 0:11:15.679 --> 0:11:18.319 you see the same thing with the house fly, of course, 0:11:18.720 --> 0:11:20.240 and a lot of people are going to be familiar 0:11:20.280 --> 0:11:25.280 with this from David Cronenberg's adaptation of the fly, which 0:11:26.240 --> 0:11:30.480 which is of course a marvelous R rated horror film 0:11:30.760 --> 0:11:34.520 that manages to discussed on of this real level, but 0:11:34.559 --> 0:11:36.920 also it gets you thinking and and has you know, 0:11:37.000 --> 0:11:39.520 various cultural overtones as well. One of my favorite films. 0:11:40.000 --> 0:11:44.439 But one of the traits that the scientist Brundle played 0:11:44.440 --> 0:11:47.920 by Jeff Jeff goldbluin to fantastic effect. One of the 0:11:47.920 --> 0:11:50.199 traits he he gets from the fly is this a 0:11:50.320 --> 0:11:55.240 feeding uh ability to vomit forth these ensigns onto something 0:11:55.240 --> 0:11:56.559 he wants to eat. I think he does it onto 0:11:56.559 --> 0:12:00.679 like some twinkies for this, for this video he's making 0:12:00.720 --> 0:12:04.160 for his employers, or kind of his diary. Uh vombits 0:12:04.200 --> 0:12:05.800 under the twinkies. Let's it sort of set for a 0:12:05.840 --> 0:12:07.800 second and then sucks it all back up. Okay, So 0:12:07.880 --> 0:12:10.440 when we describe to you what the houseflay does, I 0:12:10.480 --> 0:12:13.520 want you to just keep his image in your brain, 0:12:13.600 --> 0:12:16.320 Like put Jeff Goldbloom's face on this housefly that we 0:12:16.360 --> 0:12:20.040 talk about. Okay, because consider the housefly. It's flying around 0:12:20.040 --> 0:12:23.960 your house in your kitchen, driving you nuts. It lands 0:12:24.000 --> 0:12:26.720 on a piece of food, maybe a little morsel of sugar, 0:12:27.040 --> 0:12:29.800 and it's got to break it down, so it scrubs 0:12:29.880 --> 0:12:31.960 the dry food substance with the bristles on the end 0:12:32.000 --> 0:12:36.719 of its probostis um. This frees up the food particles 0:12:37.080 --> 0:12:40.959 shreds it up. Yea. And then the second step is 0:12:41.040 --> 0:12:43.079 a little bit like when you add hot water to 0:12:43.160 --> 0:12:46.600 instant oatmeal, only instead of hot water, the housefly adds 0:12:46.600 --> 0:12:50.280 a mixture of its saliva and digestive juices. Sounds delicious, 0:12:51.000 --> 0:12:54.360 and that's when it vomits the saliva and digestive material 0:12:54.400 --> 0:12:57.080 onto its meal. In a few seconds pass where it 0:12:57.120 --> 0:13:00.960 all the breakdown and then yeah, deffical bloom sex at 0:13:01.000 --> 0:13:03.480 all back up. Yeah, I mean it's it's the shredding 0:13:03.480 --> 0:13:06.480 and the is key here too, because I mean think 0:13:06.480 --> 0:13:09.560 of think like when you make a smoothie in the morning, Um, 0:13:09.760 --> 0:13:12.839 you want like small bits. You add a protein powder, 0:13:12.960 --> 0:13:15.720 not a protein chunk. So that's right, because Unlis, your 0:13:15.760 --> 0:13:17.680 blade is like a super blade, right, I can really 0:13:17.720 --> 0:13:22.960 break that down. Um. So then the fly, uh, if 0:13:22.960 --> 0:13:25.440 it can't adequately break down food enough or to pass 0:13:25.440 --> 0:13:27.480 through a tube that leads into its stomach, the fly 0:13:27.520 --> 0:13:30.360 it sense it's food down a different tube to an 0:13:30.400 --> 0:13:33.679 intersect called the crop, and then the fly may pass 0:13:33.720 --> 0:13:36.360 the bubble dissolving food multiple times between the crop and 0:13:36.360 --> 0:13:39.640 the mouth, back and forth, back and forth, regularly applying 0:13:39.840 --> 0:13:44.640 fresh saliva, so eventually all of that gets liquefied. It's delightful. 0:13:44.679 --> 0:13:47.280 I mean, it's it's it's disgusting from a human point 0:13:47.280 --> 0:13:50.120 of view, but it makes perfect sense for these these 0:13:50.120 --> 0:13:53.800 creatures because they're not gonna You look at an animal 0:13:53.800 --> 0:13:56.120 that's not going to be able to necessarily, you know, 0:13:56.240 --> 0:13:58.760 chew its food up. It needs to do these things externally, 0:13:58.800 --> 0:14:00.920 in the same way that we've ternalized a lot of 0:14:00.920 --> 0:14:04.679 our process eating processes through cooking. Well, I can't cook well, 0:14:04.679 --> 0:14:06.720 I can't use the kitchen, so fly is gonna depend 0:14:06.760 --> 0:14:11.120 on it's uh, it's time honored method of external digestion. 0:14:11.400 --> 0:14:14.439 You know, there's a part in Charlotte's Web when Um 0:14:14.559 --> 0:14:18.240 Wilbur the pig meets Charlotte and he's completely disgusted by 0:14:18.320 --> 0:14:22.120 seeing her knock out her prey and is judging her. 0:14:22.200 --> 0:14:24.520 And it's really funny because she has this whole exchange 0:14:24.520 --> 0:14:28.440 with him like you are. So you know, um, living 0:14:28.440 --> 0:14:31.360 in the rarefied airs over there with your food brought 0:14:31.400 --> 0:14:33.440 to you. I have to work from my food, and 0:14:33.480 --> 0:14:36.040 I'm genetically programmed to do this. So that's awesome. I 0:14:36.080 --> 0:14:38.640 had either I'd forgotten about that, or maybe I maybe 0:14:38.640 --> 0:14:40.800 I haven't read Charlotte's Web and I've only seen the movie, 0:14:41.320 --> 0:14:43.000 and maybe that didn't make it into the movie. I 0:14:43.080 --> 0:14:45.920 don't remember. It was a nice little exchange. I liked it. 0:14:46.440 --> 0:14:48.880 My daughter's reading it right now, so um, knee deep 0:14:48.880 --> 0:14:51.520 in it? All right? So should we take a break 0:14:51.520 --> 0:15:01.280 here and and then get to more vomit afterwards? All right, 0:15:01.320 --> 0:15:04.720 we're back discussing regurgitation. We just talked about our friends 0:15:04.760 --> 0:15:08.160 the fly, a friend, the spider of the way Charlotte 0:15:08.240 --> 0:15:12.000 and Brundle take care of their their their lunches. So 0:15:12.040 --> 0:15:14.040 now we're gonna talk about a few other animals of 0:15:14.120 --> 0:15:18.400 note and Pico. We're going to talk about the probosis monkey. Well, 0:15:18.600 --> 0:15:21.640 the probosis meaning nose. This is the guy with the 0:15:21.680 --> 0:15:25.280 big nose. Yeah. You've probably seen these monkeys before. Uh. 0:15:25.440 --> 0:15:30.800 They of course use regurgitation. Yeah, and it's interesting because 0:15:31.840 --> 0:15:36.280 their use of their up chuck, which they basically they do, 0:15:36.400 --> 0:15:38.720 consort of a cut chewing kind of a thing. They 0:15:38.760 --> 0:15:40.960 they vomited it back up into their mouth. They reach 0:15:41.000 --> 0:15:42.800 you it around a little bit and then they swallow 0:15:42.840 --> 0:15:47.080 it um and for most like guerrillas, humans, you know, 0:15:47.080 --> 0:15:50.200 other primates, if this is done on a semi regular basis, 0:15:50.320 --> 0:15:54.840 it's considered pathological. It's not natural, and it's pinitually harmful 0:15:54.840 --> 0:15:58.680 because you're you're just not you don't have the plumbing 0:15:58.800 --> 0:16:01.520 to really handle that much caustic stuff moving around all 0:16:01.520 --> 0:16:03.680 the time. Ye I mean, think about us humans, The 0:16:03.800 --> 0:16:05.680 enamel will just wear off of our teeth if we 0:16:05.680 --> 0:16:10.320 were always vomiting exactly. But researchers found and this from 0:16:10.320 --> 0:16:12.640 a paper that appeared in the Royal Society Biology Letters, 0:16:12.960 --> 0:16:16.000 they found it that the digestive track of this particular 0:16:16.000 --> 0:16:18.720 monkey is drastically different from that of humans and gray apes. 0:16:19.120 --> 0:16:23.200 So what you have when you look inside the the 0:16:23.240 --> 0:16:29.160 proboscis monkey's mouth, you find a distinct chambered for stomach 0:16:29.600 --> 0:16:33.760 where bacterial digestion occurs prior to the glandular stomach. So 0:16:34.000 --> 0:16:36.400 you end up, you know, having more of this, uh 0:16:36.440 --> 0:16:38.200 really more what you end up thinking about in terms 0:16:38.240 --> 0:16:41.080 of the digestion system of a cow. What I really 0:16:41.160 --> 0:16:45.000 like about this study is is is how it was conducted. Um. 0:16:45.080 --> 0:16:48.600 The scientists were actually in a boat and they were 0:16:48.640 --> 0:16:53.480 on the Kimbot Kenna botanag And River in Malaysia. And 0:16:53.560 --> 0:16:57.680 so they're sitting there watching these these monkeys from a 0:16:57.760 --> 0:17:00.960 distance during the early morning the late afternoon for three 0:17:01.000 --> 0:17:04.600 months vomiting. And they concentrated on twenty three different monkeys 0:17:04.640 --> 0:17:07.720 that were videotaped regurgitating and re chewing. And then when 0:17:07.720 --> 0:17:11.680 this happened, the monkey's abdomen would contract and the primate 0:17:11.720 --> 0:17:15.000 would stick its tongue outside its person mouth, which I 0:17:15.040 --> 0:17:16.840 think it's just you know, that's got to be one 0:17:16.840 --> 0:17:18.840 of those points in your job where you're kind of like, Okay, 0:17:18.880 --> 0:17:21.920 I'm on a boat watching regurgitating probostis monkey. Yeah. I 0:17:21.920 --> 0:17:24.159 mean they already look kind of like Jimmy Duranny anyway, 0:17:24.200 --> 0:17:26.440 so they you know, they're they're already amusing to watch, 0:17:26.440 --> 0:17:28.600 and then they have this peculiar way of going about 0:17:28.640 --> 0:17:30.960 the meal. Yeah, just vomiting on the banks the river. 0:17:31.280 --> 0:17:35.360 So this brings us around to my favorite vomiting animal 0:17:35.400 --> 0:17:37.080 really at the moment, because a lot of this is 0:17:37.119 --> 0:17:40.879 new to me is the is the vulture the turkey vulture. Well, 0:17:40.920 --> 0:17:46.280 they're kind of like the Ninja's the experts at vomiting. Yeah, 0:17:46.320 --> 0:17:48.080 and it's it's really fast. We have an article and 0:17:48.119 --> 0:17:49.600 how stif works about it, and you should you should 0:17:49.600 --> 0:17:51.399 definitely check that out if you're you're into this as 0:17:51.400 --> 0:17:56.240 a topic. But let's let's set the stage. The Turkey vulture, 0:17:56.280 --> 0:17:59.639 if you're not familiar, is, of course a scavenger haunts 0:17:59.680 --> 0:18:04.120 the sky, eyes wheeling around and big big circles, uh, 0:18:04.480 --> 0:18:07.159 looking for some dead prey to go feast stone. They 0:18:07.200 --> 0:18:09.560 find a carcass and then it's on. It's time for 0:18:09.600 --> 0:18:12.600 the meal land and to start tearing apart this rancid 0:18:12.640 --> 0:18:15.639 thing and eating it. So what do you need in 0:18:15.720 --> 0:18:20.840 order to live your life on a diet of rancid flesh? Well, 0:18:20.880 --> 0:18:22.640 first of all, you don't want a lot of feathers 0:18:22.680 --> 0:18:25.120 around your face getting mucked up, right, and you needed 0:18:25.160 --> 0:18:28.479 kind of surgically clean up there. Yeah. Um. Second of all, 0:18:28.520 --> 0:18:33.800 you probably want some like great a stomach acid. Yeah, 0:18:33.840 --> 0:18:37.440 I mean think of if you're you're like me, say, 0:18:37.480 --> 0:18:40.280 I'm not really used to eating certain types of like 0:18:40.359 --> 0:18:42.960 junk food, I guess, uh, and probably not used to 0:18:43.000 --> 0:18:46.000 eating a lot of meat. But so if I'm in 0:18:46.000 --> 0:18:48.560 a situation where I end up really eating more than 0:18:48.560 --> 0:18:51.119 I should and really choweling down, on on on, just 0:18:51.160 --> 0:18:54.520 too much redneat. I start feeling a little ill, like 0:18:54.560 --> 0:18:57.680 my stomach cannot handle it. I don't have the cast 0:18:57.720 --> 0:19:01.640 iron stomach that some people have, and the vulture really does. 0:19:01.680 --> 0:19:03.639 And since have a cast iron stomach, I mean, this 0:19:03.680 --> 0:19:07.920 animal has evolved to thrive on rancid uh meat that 0:19:07.960 --> 0:19:11.359 would just sicken and maybe even kill another animal. I 0:19:11.359 --> 0:19:15.360 mean they've actually shown that the uh, the the enzymes 0:19:15.359 --> 0:19:17.880 in the vultures gut are capable of handling some pretty 0:19:18.040 --> 0:19:20.800 horrible pathogens because they have to be, because that's the 0:19:20.880 --> 0:19:23.239 nature of what they eat. You're talking about anthrax too, right. 0:19:23.280 --> 0:19:26.280 They they have found scores of anthrax in their feces. Yeah, 0:19:26.359 --> 0:19:29.480 the evidence that it passed through um. So yeah. I mean, 0:19:29.560 --> 0:19:33.440 their their guts, their their acids are so effective that 0:19:33.480 --> 0:19:36.800 they can break down some of these virus bacteria in 0:19:36.840 --> 0:19:39.919 the same way that I have. Alina Um can poop 0:19:40.160 --> 0:19:44.640 the prickly pair pins right out without any problem. I mean, 0:19:44.840 --> 0:19:47.680 the same way the vulture can poop out the these 0:19:47.680 --> 0:19:50.760 anthrax spores that would be problematic to another creature. Christ 0:19:50.760 --> 0:19:53.320 and conger Um, the one of the co hosts for 0:19:53.480 --> 0:19:56.360 Stuff Mom Never Told You, has an article about vultures, 0:19:56.480 --> 0:19:58.760 and in it, she says in a study on white 0:19:58.800 --> 0:20:01.520 back vultures that pH levels and their stomachs were between 0:20:01.720 --> 0:20:04.760 A one and a two. That measurement is comparable to 0:20:04.800 --> 0:20:07.680 gastric and hydrochloric acid from the human stomach, and it's 0:20:07.760 --> 0:20:10.879 far more corrosive than acid rain, which has a pH 0:20:10.960 --> 0:20:13.919 between four and five. It was also more acidic than 0:20:13.960 --> 0:20:17.880 the stomach contents of other conniverse birds, including carons and 0:20:18.359 --> 0:20:21.440 barn owls and barne owls. By the way, we've talked 0:20:21.440 --> 0:20:24.680 about their pellets before. Yes, um, you know they can't 0:20:24.680 --> 0:20:28.280 really break down the bones or the teeth of what 0:20:28.400 --> 0:20:30.760 they eat, so they have to regurgitate it into these 0:20:30.800 --> 0:20:33.600 little pellets. Yeah, quite lovely. Didn't you get some for 0:20:33.600 --> 0:20:36.000 for the holidays? Oh? No, I was thinking about it. 0:20:36.440 --> 0:20:37.800 I was thinking about at one point, and then we 0:20:37.800 --> 0:20:40.520 did a podcast where I accidentally referred to the pellets 0:20:40.520 --> 0:20:43.119 as poop, and then I heard from all the owls 0:20:43.119 --> 0:20:46.200 who are the fan. Yeah, the pellets at the fan, 0:20:46.280 --> 0:20:49.200 and the owls are rightfully upset with me over that one. 0:20:49.560 --> 0:20:52.040 But but I'm hoping to please the vultures in this podcast. 0:20:52.119 --> 0:20:55.679 I think we're getting everything more or less. Right, Um, So, 0:20:55.760 --> 0:20:58.760 the thing about their vomiting, when when a vulture does vomit, 0:20:58.840 --> 0:21:01.480 and again, as we've estab pushed, animals vomit, so the 0:21:01.720 --> 0:21:03.680 fact that a vulture vomits is not that big of 0:21:03.520 --> 0:21:06.359 a of a deal. But but there's a there's a 0:21:06.359 --> 0:21:08.160 lot of there's been a fair amount of thinking about 0:21:08.200 --> 0:21:10.520 why they do it, because they'll do it when they're threatened, 0:21:11.400 --> 0:21:14.520 right when they're threatened, and and they want to do 0:21:14.560 --> 0:21:17.440