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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Jase Wilson. We are picking up past host tradition

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Speaker 1: today our annual look at at what has been unearthed

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Speaker 1: in the world of history, sometimes literally unearthed out of

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Speaker 1: the dirt, sometimes just stuff that's been found or discovered

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Speaker 1: or whatever. As has been the case for the last

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Speaker 1: couple of years, we have enough things to talk about

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Speaker 1: that we have two parts to this episode to run

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Speaker 1: today and two days from now. It's been a big year.

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Speaker 1: It seems like every other week at least there's some

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Speaker 1: big yes, new thing found, new thing discovered, new thing tested. Yes.

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Speaker 1: And so we're going to say, as we always do,

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Speaker 1: this is not an exhaustive list of everything. Yeah, And

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Speaker 1: if we get to the end of all this and

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Speaker 1: there's something that you wish we talked about, feel free

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Speaker 1: to tell us nicely. Uh, we've gotten some furious people

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Speaker 1: who are angry that we didn't mention a favorite thing before,

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Speaker 1: and and that makes our day a little sadder. But

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Speaker 1: we do especially want to point out that we've already

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Speaker 1: done whole episodes on some of this year's biggest fines

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Speaker 1: UM twenty confirmed that remains previously found below a car

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Speaker 1: park where there was of Richard the Third, so we

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Speaker 1: had a whole episode devoted to that back in March.

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Speaker 1: We also, thanks to the world of forensic anthropology, got

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Speaker 1: pretty clear confirmation that there was cannibalism going on during

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Speaker 1: the starving time in Jamestown and you can hear an

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Speaker 1: episode about that from back in May. Uh. And just

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Speaker 1: as a side note, that Richard the Third site is

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Speaker 1: also where the team found a stone car coffin that

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Speaker 1: we discovered this year contained a lead coffin inside of it,

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Speaker 1: which is another history mystery another time. UM. This year

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Speaker 1: we did also get some big news of something that

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Speaker 1: was actually unearthed a while back, and most notably, uh

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Speaker 1: that's one of those is almost fift pieces of artwork

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Speaker 1: that had been confiscated by Nazis and we're found in

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Speaker 1: a Munich flat in two thousand eleven that actually made

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Speaker 1: headlines this November and included works by such amazing artists

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Speaker 1: as Picasso and Matisse. So that was actually a previously

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Speaker 1: unearthed thing that we just became aware of this year. So,

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Speaker 1: like we said, not an exhaustive list. Today's episode we're

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Speaker 1: prutting things kind of into groups because there are a

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Speaker 1: lot of things to talk about. Today's episode has some

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Speaker 1: stuff that we just think is cool. Uh. We have

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Speaker 1: a bunch of things that were found under car parks

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Speaker 1: and thanks to the crossrail project in London. Uh. And

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Speaker 1: then our next episode will be everything from amateur discoveries

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Speaker 1: of stuff to everyone's favorite subject, exhumations. So so starting

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Speaker 1: with the not categorized but just super interesting and cool. Uh.

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Speaker 1: In October, archaeologists in London announced the find of a

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Speaker 1: limestone carving of an eagle that was found in a ditch.

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Speaker 1: And it's a Roman eagle. Although it was carved in

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Speaker 1: Britain and it's been called one of the best pieces

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Speaker 1: of Romano British art ever found. Its condition, in fact,

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Speaker 1: was so good that when the team first saw it

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Speaker 1: they were afraid that they had actually accidentally disturbed a

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Speaker 1: Victorian gravestone decoration, so a much later period item. Yes,

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Speaker 1: they thought it was something much newer than what it

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Speaker 1: actually was when they first saw it because it was

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Speaker 1: in such excellent condition. Uh. The only damage that it

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Speaker 1: has is a one of its wings is broken and

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Speaker 1: it's being supported now by a frame and it's being

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Speaker 1: supported because it is doing a six month tour at

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Speaker 1: the Museum of London. It was installed there just a

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Speaker 1: month after being pulled out of the ground and it

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Speaker 1: is estimated to be about two thousand years old. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so when you think about that, and people thought it

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Speaker 1: was Victorian because it was so good, that's returning a

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Speaker 1: hundred and fifty years old versus actual age of two thousands.

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Speaker 1: So it's really in spectacular conditions and pretty remarkable that

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Speaker 1: it within a month of being found, it was already

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Speaker 1: in a museum. In the world of television history, Philip Morris,

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Speaker 1: who is executive director at Television International Enterprise Archive found

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Speaker 1: nine long lost episodes of the TV show Doctor Who

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Speaker 1: in a closet and a TV station in Nigeria. That

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Speaker 1: is so Doctor Who was extremely Doctor Who. They actually

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Speaker 1: found eleven episodes, but only nine of them are among

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Speaker 1: the missing hundred and six from the show's early years.

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Speaker 1: If you're not familiar with this part of TV history,

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Speaker 1: like now, archiving things and keeping copies and and you know,

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Speaker 1: having things to save for posterity is a pretty typical

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Speaker 1: part of television production, but that was not really the

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Speaker 1: case in the fifties. And sixties people didn't quite realize

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Speaker 1: that we might want to have some of this stuff later,

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Speaker 1: and so there are a lot of early episodes of

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Speaker 1: the BBC TV show Doctor Who that we don't really

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Speaker 1: have any known copies of. Um. There was actually another

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Speaker 1: article that circulated this year that claimed a hundred episodes

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Speaker 1: had been found, but that did not come from the

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Speaker 1: most reputable source in the world, and I could not

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Speaker 1: find actual confirmation that seemed legitimate to me. So we

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Speaker 1: do know that nine of them are no longer lost, hooray.

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Speaker 1: And in Nigeria, uh, we already know where the Queen

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Speaker 1: Anne's Revenge was, So that was black Beard's pirate ship.

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Speaker 1: In case there's anybody that did not know that. Uh.

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Speaker 1: It ran aground in the Beaufort Inlet in North Carolina

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Speaker 1: in seventeen eighteen, and that's well documented and its location

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Speaker 1: was confirmed back in eleven. But this year the Underwater

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Speaker 1: Archaeology branch of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources

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Speaker 1: announced that it intends to salvage the entire thing. So

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Speaker 1: that is sort of unearthing to come. Yes, it's unearthing announcement.

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Speaker 1: And next year we may have lots of beautiful pictures

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Speaker 1: of things that they will be pulling up out of

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Speaker 1: the water. Yes, they really intend to like bring every

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Speaker 1: single piece of wood up from the ocean floor. It

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Speaker 1: was exciting. I'm so excited to see how that project

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Speaker 1: plays out. And as as a manager of things that

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Speaker 1: house because that sounds expensive. Um And and our last

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Speaker 1: sort of uncategorized but just pretty cool announced back in July,

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Speaker 1: several pieces of Viking jewelry were found at a farm

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Speaker 1: site in Denmark. And this was a little incongruous, like

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Speaker 1: this is a pretty modest site that they were working at.

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Speaker 1: Um and these pieces were at least years old. Some

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Speaker 1: of them are made out of gold, and there was

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Speaker 1: a lot of debate about how exactly these very expensive

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Speaker 1: seeming gold pieces were found at a site that was

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Speaker 1: otherwise so modest. And the number one theory at this

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Speaker 1: point is that the Scaldings, who were the first Danish dynasty,

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Speaker 1: had a royal seat about six miles away from this site.

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Speaker 1: So while it wasn't a very rich set moment, it

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Speaker 1: may have played host two more notable persons from not

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Speaker 1: that far away, and that is how all these pieces

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Speaker 1: wound up. They're so cool. You may have heard this

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Speaker 1: year that they found some things under parking lot couples

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Speaker 1: like Parking Lot History Year. Yes, and it's not totally

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Speaker 1: surprising that so many things are being found under parking lots.

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Speaker 1: But here are a few things that were found under

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Speaker 1: parking lots. And we're not Richard the Third. Yeah, that

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Speaker 1: was the big, huge one, but there were several others.

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Speaker 1: So in March, a crew that was demolishing an old

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Speaker 1: parking lot found the tomb of a Night as well

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Speaker 1: as the foundations of a monastery built by King Alexander

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Speaker 1: the Second of Scotland. The monastery was founded in twelve

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Speaker 1: thirty but then destroyed during the Protestant Reformation, and the

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Speaker 1: Night's grave was marked with a sandstone slab carved with

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Speaker 1: a cavalry cross and sword, and a body believed to

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Speaker 1: be the Night was actually found nearby. So it was

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Speaker 1: several things unearthed in this one parking lot thing I

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Speaker 1: am looking for at some point, it may have happened already,

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Speaker 1: but I was not able to find it. A confirmation

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Speaker 1: that the body really was the Night and not another

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Speaker 1: unrelated body. Yeah, and whether we will ever identify the

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Speaker 1: identity of the Night, hopefully that could be next year's

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Speaker 1: on Earth. In May, archaeologists found a seventeen hundred year

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Speaker 1: old cemetery under a car park in Lester, England, and

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Speaker 1: that seemed to be interestingly the final resting place for

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Speaker 1: people of many faiths. They were buried in different positions

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Speaker 1: with different funerary rituals. They were about thirteen people buried

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Speaker 1: there and they date back about to the year three hundred.

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Speaker 1: It seems very fascinating. Its fascinating that so it sort

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Speaker 1: of makes it clear that there were people of many

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Speaker 1: faiths living there at the same time and that it

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Speaker 1: was socially acceptable for them all to be buried in together,

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Speaker 1: or maybe just necessary for some reason. Announced in October

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Speaker 1: in Scotland in eleventh century Viking parliamentary site site for

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Speaker 1: gathering known as the Thing, which was for making laws,

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Speaker 1: settling disputes and those sorts of things. Uh again under

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Speaker 1: a parking lot yep. And I am just delighted by

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Speaker 1: the fact that that this was called the Thing. It

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Speaker 1: probably comes from a thing bilier, which means the field

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Speaker 1: of the assembly. So this was like to picture the

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Speaker 1: horror thing, because that makes it funnier, it does. The

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Speaker 1: reason that this was notable was that it. Uh. There

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Speaker 1: had not been one of these sites found in that

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Speaker 1: part of Scotland before this point. Yeah, it kind of

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Speaker 1: expanded the territory that we thought they were having these

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Speaker 1: sorts of activities in. Yes, parking lots are not the

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Speaker 1: only things that are hiding many archaeological finds this year.

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Speaker 1: There's also Crossrail, which is this high frequency, high capacity

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Speaker 1: rail line that's in the works for London and the

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Speaker 1: surrounding area. And work on the Crossrail project has unearthed

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Speaker 1: all kinds of stuff. It started back in two thousand

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Speaker 1: and nine and has unearthed since then at least ten

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Speaker 1: thousand archaeological items. It's a lot. It is a lot

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Speaker 1: of stuff. So in March UH they unearthed a death

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Speaker 1: pit of probable Black Death victims and that was dug

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Speaker 1: up under Charterhouse Square and at the time it was

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Speaker 1: doug the pit would have been just outside the walls

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Speaker 1: of London. In August the project dug up a sixteenth

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Speaker 1: century gold coin and a huge amount of mesolithic flint.

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Speaker 1: They called this kind of a mesolithic tool factory. Um.

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Speaker 1: All of these would have been pieces of nine thousand

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Speaker 1: year old tools. And in October UH it was a

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Speaker 1: collection of twenty Roman skulls and pieces of pottery, and

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Speaker 1: people were bandying about the idea that these could be

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Speaker 1: remains from Budhica's rebellion, which we've talked about in the podcast.

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Speaker 1: But the pattern of clustering UH in where they were

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Speaker 1: found suggest that they were really just washed down stream

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Speaker 1: from a Roman burial ground. But they weren't so much

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Speaker 1: UH Budhica related as just displaced. Yeah. They kept finding

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Speaker 1: skulls bunched together where the river had a bend in it,

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Speaker 1: as though they had just washed downstream and then caught

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Speaker 1: there from the current. UM. And this last one is

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Speaker 1: not actually related to the crossrail. It's a completely different

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Speaker 1: subway UH excavation, and that's taking place in Rio, this

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Speaker 1: subway expansion, and Rio has unearth at least two hundred

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Speaker 1: thousand artifacts UH, a lot of them really impressively intact um.

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Speaker 1: And one of these unearthed this year is a toothbrush

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Speaker 1: believe to have belonged to Emperor Pedro the Second, who

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Speaker 1: ruled Brazil from to eight nine. The bristles of the

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Speaker 1: toothbrush are no longer intact, but the toothbrush itself is

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Speaker 1: still there. So cool and before we move on to

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Speaker 1: come in and talk about our sponsor. That sounds so

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Speaker 1: let's get back to what's been uncovered this year. This

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Speaker 1: we have several things that are bits of communication that

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Speaker 1: have been revealed, often in other texts. Conservators at the

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Speaker 1: National Portrait Gallery in London found this little piece of

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Speaker 1: art in a portrait of Sir Walter Raleigh. That quote

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Speaker 1: reveals the depth of the explorer's devotion to Queen Elizabeth

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Speaker 1: the First UM. It's this little coded reference to the

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Speaker 1: moon and water within the context of this portrait. UH.

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Speaker 1: And the message there is that Sir Walter Raleigh is

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Speaker 1: willing to have the Queen control him the way the

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Speaker 1: moon controls the tides. This patch of moon and seas

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Speaker 1: up in the upper left of the painting and it

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Speaker 1: was revealed not known to have been there before. During

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Speaker 1: an extensive restoration project that that is, restoring the whole portrait. UH.

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Speaker 1: European scientists used advanced multi spectral imaging to reveal previously

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Speaker 1: washed away writing in medieval manuscripts this year. I think

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Speaker 1: this is so incredibly cool. UH. One of these is

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Speaker 1: a manuscript that's housed in Jerusalem today. It's pages are

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Speaker 1: books of the Greek Old Testament, but underneath our passages

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Speaker 1: from Euripides and Aristotle as well with other works. And

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Speaker 1: they've used this same process on the manuscript from Paris,

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Speaker 1: which is a fifth century commentary on Aristotle. Yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: kind of multiple documents in one. Yeah. Well, and when

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Speaker 1: you look back into history to the time periods when

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Speaker 1: paper was really expensive and needed to be washed away

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Speaker 1: and reused. Um, the fact that now we can kind

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Speaker 1: of go back and piece together what what was originally

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Speaker 1: on those pieces of paper is pretty cool. It's really cool.

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Speaker 1: It also reminds me of when literary scholars will look

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Speaker 1: at like the strikeouts and erasures and things people's original

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Speaker 1: uh original drafts of their work. Yeah, except this has

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Speaker 1: a lot more science. Also this year at the s

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Speaker 1: l a C National Accelerator Laboratory, scientists use X rays

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Speaker 1: to reconstruct a s aria from an opera by Luigi Cherubini,

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Speaker 1: which the composer had in kind of a fit of fury,

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Speaker 1: blacked out completely with carbon. The trick to doing this

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Speaker 1: because the paper itself was invisible to the X rays,

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Speaker 1: but not the notes that he wrote on the paper. Um,

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Speaker 1: they had to figure out which notes belonged on which

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Speaker 1: side of the page. So in addition to using X

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Speaker 1: rays to get a picture of what all the notes were,

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Speaker 1: they then turned to analyzing his handwriting and weeding out

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Speaker 1: the notes on each side of the page based on

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Speaker 1: which way the lines on the notes slanted. So cool.

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Speaker 1: Has anybody heard it? Yes? You you can now hear it.

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Speaker 1: And it's beautiful. And we don't know why he wanted

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Speaker 1: to destroy it. I think he was angry and temperamental,

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Speaker 1: as many creative people are. I say this as a

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Speaker 1: creative person who is sometimes deleting all of my own

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Speaker 1: work in a fit of anxiety. I don't know what

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Speaker 1: you're talking about. I don't either. I never destroy anything.

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Speaker 1: I destroy all the things. Uh, not so much reconstructed,

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Speaker 1: but it is writing related. In June, federal officials and

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Speaker 1: representatives from the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington announced

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Speaker 1: that they had found the Rosenberg Diary, which was written

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Speaker 1: by Alfred Rosenberg, who was a friend and confidante of

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Speaker 1: Adolf Hitler and a notorious member of the Nazi Party,

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Speaker 1: and he would have had firsthand knowledge of a lot

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Speaker 1: of what Hitler was orchestrating. So this document may very

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Speaker 1: well uncover new information about this period of history, and

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Speaker 1: in the words of US Holocaust Memorial Museum Director Sarah J. Bloomfield, quote,

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Speaker 1: as we build the collection of record on the Holocaust,

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Speaker 1: having material that documents the actions of both perpetrators and

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Speaker 1: victims is crucial to helping scholars understand how and why

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Speaker 1: the Holocaust happened. So cool, that is, I think the

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Speaker 1: most horrifying thing discovered in all our discoveries is really important.

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Speaker 1: It's kind of one of those things where the bad

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Speaker 1: guys there's always a cloak of like mystery around them,

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Speaker 1: not even specifically these, but any It's like there's never

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Speaker 1: enough documentation of, like, but why were you doing this? Yeah? Well,

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Speaker 1: and especially as the specter of Holocaust denial kind of

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Speaker 1: arises up, having primary sources of what was really happening

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Speaker 1: is increasingly important to dispel that as false. Um. And

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Speaker 1: also I think as we get farther and farther removed

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Speaker 1: from that time of history, it becomes more and more

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Speaker 1: difficult for people who did not live through it to

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Speaker 1: conceive of that ever having happened in the first place. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And so having things like the Rosenberg Diary can help

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Speaker 1: put that into better context for people and now we

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Speaker 1: move on from the that very tragic topic. We didn't

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Speaker 1: our favorite thing. We didn't want to end on on

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Speaker 1: the most tragic topic with this particular episode. We've got

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Speaker 1: a few things that were unearthed this year that have

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Speaker 1: to do with food. In August, a team of researchers

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Speaker 1: led by University of York archaeologist Hayley Saul published a

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Speaker 1: paper in Plos one that looked at food deposits left

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Speaker 1: in prehistoric pottery from what is now Denmark and Germany.

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Speaker 1: So in all this charred residue from inside these pottery

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Speaker 1: fragments and sometimes on the outside too, they found residues

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Speaker 1: that are consistent with the modern garlic mustard seed. So

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Speaker 1: the garlic mustard seed does not have a lot of

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Speaker 1: nutritional value, it is not feeling, it is not like

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Speaker 1: full oft. But what it does have is a lot

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Speaker 1: of flavor. And this is the first direct evidence that

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Speaker 1: prehistoric Europeans used spice to make their food taste better. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I'm probably not a surprise. Everyone loves deliciousness, right. Well,

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Speaker 1: we also have some evidence of animals who do things

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Speaker 1: to their food to make it taste better, So it's

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Speaker 1: not super surprising that early early Uh, back in history

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Speaker 1: people did the same thing. Yeah, but still really cool

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Speaker 1: to have evidence of that. Also that same month, in August,

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Speaker 1: the University of Lester announced that it had unearthed the

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Speaker 1: recipe for the first chilled chocolate treats in Britain. Uh.

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Speaker 1: These recipes were gathered by the Earl of Sandwich, not

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Speaker 1: the inventor of the sandwich, that was his great great

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Speaker 1: grandson in sixteen sixty eight. And this was a concoction

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Speaker 1: of chocolate and snow. Similar to our ice cream podcast,

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Speaker 1: we talked about things that started with snow and then

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Speaker 1: we're made into frozen, delicious treats. Yes, we should also

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Speaker 1: probably call his great great grandson the purported inventor of

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Speaker 1: the sandwich. Yeah, we had to be careful with that one. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's also a restaurant. The Earl of Santon not related

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Speaker 1: to either of those people, except in the borrowing of

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Speaker 1: a name. Yes. Also in October, researchers at the University

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Speaker 1: of Buckingham announced that they had found charred bones of

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Speaker 1: frog legs at a dig not far from Stonehenge. These

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Speaker 1: bones were from somewhere between UH sixty two b C

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Speaker 1: and b C and this makes them the oldest evidence

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Speaker 1: of frog legs used as food anywhere in the world,

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Speaker 1: and it predates the first evidence of eating frog's legs

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Speaker 1: in France, where supposedly the practice originated. Also at the

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Speaker 1: site were bones of fish, bore, deer, and other animals

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Speaker 1: that would have lived in the area at the time. Uh.

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Speaker 1: I am fond of frog's legs. I am too. I

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Speaker 1: have a love hate adds with it. I'm kind of

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Speaker 1: a carnivore by nature, but as you know, I'm also

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Speaker 1: crazy animal lady, So I'm perpetually writing this way of

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Speaker 1: what I'm comfortable with, and then I eat the meat anyway. Uh,

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Speaker 1: And I do love frogs legs. There's some French in

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Speaker 1: my family background and we grew up eating them. And yes,

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00:20:12,440 --> 00:20:14,960
Speaker 1: they're really good. Yes. I don't know if I've told

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00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:16,840
Speaker 1: you this story of one of the periods of my

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00:20:16,880 --> 00:20:19,480
Speaker 1: life when I was a vegetarian, and it ended when

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Speaker 1: I was at a work function at which quail and

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Speaker 1: frog's legs were being served and I decided to have

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00:20:25,920 --> 00:20:31,720
Speaker 1: some of each of that. So yes, Food Discoveries this

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00:20:31,800 --> 00:20:33,800
Speaker 1: year is where we are going to stop off with

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Speaker 1: this particular half of this episode. Today we're going to

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00:20:37,320 --> 00:20:39,560
Speaker 1: have lots more next time, I do want to give

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Speaker 1: a special shout out to the History Blog at the

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Speaker 1: history blog dot com, which is where I see a

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Speaker 1: lot of these stories first. They are quick, Yes, They're

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00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:52,080
Speaker 1: like they're hovering on the data center of the Internet

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00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:55,680
Speaker 1: to find anything historical and really fast to report it. Yeah.

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00:20:55,760 --> 00:20:57,399
Speaker 1: I have a lot of things that I keep up

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Speaker 1: with in an RSS reader of a very sites and

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00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:03,359
Speaker 1: reports and things like that, but very often the place

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00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:05,120
Speaker 1: that I see at first is at the History Blog.

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00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:08,480
Speaker 1: So thank you for doing that. So now that we

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00:21:08,600 --> 00:21:10,639
Speaker 1: have gotten good and hungry, do you also have some

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00:21:10,720 --> 00:21:12,919
Speaker 1: listener mail for us? Yes? And if you even mentioned

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00:21:12,960 --> 00:21:16,360
Speaker 1: ice cream pay This is from Catherine, who says, Dear

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00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:18,760
Speaker 1: Tracy and Holly, I wrote to you pretty recently about

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00:21:18,760 --> 00:21:21,120
Speaker 1: ice cream in Montana, but as soon as I saw

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00:21:21,200 --> 00:21:23,520
Speaker 1: the title of yesterday's episode, I knew I would have

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00:21:23,600 --> 00:21:27,440
Speaker 1: to write again. This is about our Hessian's episode. Again,

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00:21:28,280 --> 00:21:33,000
Speaker 1: very popular with the listeners. Yes, uh, and I was

361
00:21:33,119 --> 00:21:35,520
Speaker 1: quite fond of that episode. I'm find people enjoyed it.

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00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:38,879
Speaker 1: At my elementary school back in the nines, there was

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00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:41,720
Speaker 1: a tradition that every spring, the entire fifth grade would

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00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:44,520
Speaker 1: go down to the public land behind the school in parentheses,

365
00:21:44,560 --> 00:21:48,040
Speaker 1: a swappy, partly wooded areas surrounding a creek and re

366
00:21:48,240 --> 00:21:51,639
Speaker 1: enact a war from American history. Was sort of a

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00:21:51,680 --> 00:21:55,080
Speaker 1: rite of passage leading up to the quote continuation ceremony

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00:21:55,200 --> 00:21:58,360
Speaker 1: celebrating our departure from middle school. The fifth graders would

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00:21:58,359 --> 00:22:00,439
Speaker 1: train to prepare for months in advance, and so on

370
00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:03,280
Speaker 1: the big day, the whole thing would be professionally shot

371
00:22:03,320 --> 00:22:05,679
Speaker 1: on video so it could be edited together into a

372
00:22:05,760 --> 00:22:10,320
Speaker 1: short historical documentary for parents to purchase. I love that.

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Speaker 1: I love that everything about that. Yes, I especially loved

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Speaker 1: that it's a continuation ceremony and not a graduation. Uh.

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00:22:19,320 --> 00:22:22,600
Speaker 1: That's not a judgmental of me, and it probably was,

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00:22:23,320 --> 00:22:26,640
Speaker 1: so I let to continue with Catherine's actual letter. Most

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00:22:26,720 --> 00:22:28,840
Speaker 1: years it was a reenactment of the Civil War, but

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00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:32,720
Speaker 1: when my cohorts turn came, the school administrators had decided,

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00:22:32,760 --> 00:22:34,920
Speaker 1: for one reason or another, that we would re enact

380
00:22:35,000 --> 00:22:38,199
Speaker 1: the Revolutionary War instead. I was assigned the role of

381
00:22:38,240 --> 00:22:41,119
Speaker 1: Hessian flag bearer, which kind of cheased me off at

382
00:22:41,119 --> 00:22:43,639
Speaker 1: the time because it meant I didn't get to carry

383
00:22:43,640 --> 00:22:45,720
Speaker 1: one of the muskets all the other kids got, which

384
00:22:45,760 --> 00:22:50,480
Speaker 1: would quote shoot puffs of flour, which is okay, that's darling.

385
00:22:52,960 --> 00:22:55,520
Speaker 1: Back to the letter again. At that time too, I

386
00:22:55,560 --> 00:22:57,560
Speaker 1: had never heard of the Hessians, and all I knew

387
00:22:57,600 --> 00:23:00,080
Speaker 1: about them was I was told we were German or

388
00:23:00,119 --> 00:23:02,639
Speaker 1: scenaries and that we all had to wear when I

389
00:23:02,680 --> 00:23:05,760
Speaker 1: thought we're pretty silly looking hats. I guess I always

390
00:23:05,760 --> 00:23:07,320
Speaker 1: had it in the back of my head that there

391
00:23:07,359 --> 00:23:09,040
Speaker 1: was probably a lot more to it than that, but

392
00:23:09,119 --> 00:23:11,480
Speaker 1: the Hessians never really came up again in my public

393
00:23:11,480 --> 00:23:15,399
Speaker 1: school history class classics in any significant way. Thank you

394
00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:17,840
Speaker 1: for giving me a better understanding off you are supposed

395
00:23:17,840 --> 00:23:20,480
Speaker 1: to be running around by the creek in my little

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00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:24,360
Speaker 1: German uniform. Sincerely, Katherine. Can I just tell you when

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00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:28,480
Speaker 1: we first got that message in my head? Uh, Catherine

398
00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:32,520
Speaker 1: grew up in a Wes Anderson film. It seems so

399
00:23:32,560 --> 00:23:35,760
Speaker 1: abundantly clear to me. It really does, now that you

400
00:23:35,840 --> 00:23:38,560
Speaker 1: point that out. I had not thought of that. I

401
00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:41,800
Speaker 1: love this letter. It's thank you so much, Katherine. I

402
00:23:42,160 --> 00:23:45,280
Speaker 1: was also extremely glad that the email that we've got

403
00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:48,600
Speaker 1: about our Hessian's episode has been people enjoying it. Yeah.

404
00:23:48,920 --> 00:23:52,280
Speaker 1: I enjoyed recording that one. I think the most of

405
00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:54,359
Speaker 1: any episode we have done, and then when I listened

406
00:23:54,359 --> 00:23:57,400
Speaker 1: to it, I enjoyed listening to it the most episode

407
00:23:57,400 --> 00:23:59,520
Speaker 1: we've done, so I was very excited that other people

408
00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:03,280
Speaker 1: seem to enjoy it also, So thank you, Thank you

409
00:24:03,320 --> 00:24:07,560
Speaker 1: again for writing Katherine. If you would like to write

410
00:24:07,600 --> 00:24:10,320
Speaker 1: to us, you can. We're at History Podcast at Discovery

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00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:13,000
Speaker 1: dot com or also on Facebook at Facebook dot com,

412
00:24:13,040 --> 00:24:16,120
Speaker 1: slash history class stuffed and on Twitter at miss in History.

413
00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:19,080
Speaker 1: Are tumbler is at missed in history dot tumbler dot com,

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00:24:19,119 --> 00:24:22,160
Speaker 1: and we are pinning things away on Pinterest. If you'd

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00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:24,240
Speaker 1: like to learn a little bit more about what we

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00:24:24,280 --> 00:24:26,600
Speaker 1: have talked about today and comes to our website. Put

417
00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:29,200
Speaker 1: the word archaeology in the search bar and you will

418
00:24:29,240 --> 00:24:32,800
Speaker 1: find the article how archaeology Works. You can do all

419
00:24:32,800 --> 00:24:35,199
Speaker 1: of that and a whole lot more at our website,

420
00:24:35,240 --> 00:24:41,080
Speaker 1: which is how stuff Works dot com for more on

421
00:24:41,160 --> 00:24:43,600
Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics. Because it has stuff

422
00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:57,520
Speaker 1: works dot com. Netflix streams TV shows and movies directly

423
00:24:57,560 --> 00:25:00,960
Speaker 1: to your home, saving you time, money, and hassle. As

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Speaker 1: a Netflix member, you can instantly watch TV episodes and

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