WEBVTT - Virus Talk with Josh and Chuck 0:00:00.840 --> 0:00:04.000 Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from how Stuff 0:00:04.040 --> 0:00:12.480 Works dot Com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 0:00:12.560 --> 0:00:17.600 Josh Clark, There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, There's Jerry uh 0:00:17.600 --> 0:00:20.799 And this is Stuff you Should Know, featuring my enormous 0:00:20.920 --> 0:00:24.759 dot up nose and how appropriate. Yeah, well that was 0:00:24.800 --> 0:00:26.279 one of the reasons why I wanted to do this. 0:00:26.720 --> 0:00:29.760 I figured I'm a little sick right now. Yeah, yeah, still, 0:00:31.240 --> 0:00:33.839 and uh, I wanted to know more about the monster inside. 0:00:33.880 --> 0:00:37.200 That's right, Like, I'm not feeling great and the knowledge 0:00:37.240 --> 0:00:39.720 is power, like we always say, exactly, Like, just from 0:00:39.760 --> 0:00:42.839 researching this, I was like starting to break a sweat 0:00:42.880 --> 0:00:45.519 and tremble and I was like, I'm getting better, and 0:00:45.560 --> 0:00:47.920 then I passed out and hit my head. Yeah, and 0:00:47.960 --> 0:00:50.800 I didn't have enough time to finish studying. So good, 0:00:50.960 --> 0:00:52.760 I'm gonna have to make a lot of this up, 0:00:52.840 --> 0:00:57.000 Chuck cool. Yeah, we've covered we covered ebola recently, and 0:00:57.040 --> 0:00:59.400 we are definitely going to cover HIV at some point. 0:00:59.480 --> 0:01:01.600 We just haven't gotten around to it. Yeah, but both 0:01:01.640 --> 0:01:03.680 of those are viruses. So there's another one we talked 0:01:03.720 --> 0:01:05.959 about that seemed to come up in this. I don't 0:01:05.959 --> 0:01:08.760 remember what it was. But um, the herpies. No, no, 0:01:09.160 --> 0:01:12.160 we know they've talked about herpes. Um, well, you know, 0:01:12.280 --> 0:01:15.880 not mixed company. What what was it? I don't remember, 0:01:15.920 --> 0:01:20.120 but there was definitely microbiome maybe yeah, no, I don't 0:01:20.120 --> 0:01:22.440 remember what it was. But we've talked about viruses and 0:01:22.520 --> 0:01:25.880 viral infections. But to me, I think viruses are one 0:01:25.880 --> 0:01:31.120 of the most fascinating things on the entire planet. They're jerks, like, 0:01:31.200 --> 0:01:33.800 we don't know where they came from. We don't quite 0:01:33.800 --> 0:01:36.399 know how to classify them because they really kind of 0:01:36.440 --> 0:01:39.759 operate on the line between a living in a non 0:01:39.840 --> 0:01:43.800 living thing. Yeah, this article said, like most scientists agree, 0:01:43.840 --> 0:01:46.039 but I found a lot of people that said that 0:01:46.120 --> 0:01:48.920 they're not living things too, So yeah, um, but who 0:01:49.000 --> 0:01:52.480 cares really, They still definitely have an effect. You know. 0:01:52.880 --> 0:01:57.920 The weird thing is about virus is why some people 0:01:57.960 --> 0:01:59.960 say it's living in some people say it's not living. 0:02:00.160 --> 0:02:03.360 Is that it to to be a living thing, you 0:02:03.400 --> 0:02:08.800 have to have something like arms. Yeah, you have to 0:02:08.840 --> 0:02:13.800 have arms. Rocks rocks don't have arms, Nope, point proven, Um, 0:02:14.120 --> 0:02:16.000 you have to have you have to be able to 0:02:16.040 --> 0:02:21.639 carry out the processes that keep you alive. Yeah, like 0:02:21.720 --> 0:02:27.440 you a cell a cell is the smallest living organism. 0:02:27.440 --> 0:02:29.960 It's the smallest possible living organism because you get lower 0:02:30.000 --> 0:02:32.440 than that and you have maybe the things that make 0:02:32.520 --> 0:02:34.880 up a cell, but they can't sustain themselves. A cell 0:02:34.960 --> 0:02:37.680 can sustain itself, and things can be made up of 0:02:37.760 --> 0:02:42.200 cells like us, and therefore we are a living organism. 0:02:42.320 --> 0:02:44.600 The cells that make us up are living organisms. Plants 0:02:44.600 --> 0:02:48.840 are living organisms. But viruses they don't have any means 0:02:48.960 --> 0:02:53.799 of carrying out the processes that keep them alive, which 0:02:53.840 --> 0:02:56.600 doesn't matter because they're not alive, But more important, they 0:02:56.600 --> 0:02:59.639 don't have any processes that allow them to reproduce. Yeah, 0:02:59.680 --> 0:03:03.440 they're like by themselves that they're not worth very much. 0:03:03.480 --> 0:03:06.160 They need to glom on. They're always gloming on to 0:03:06.720 --> 0:03:10.200 everyone else's junk exactly, which is basically what a virus does. 0:03:10.280 --> 0:03:13.160 But for something as simple as the viruses, and we'll 0:03:13.200 --> 0:03:15.960 talk about how simple they are in a second, they 0:03:16.000 --> 0:03:21.720 have devastating effects when they do start to really get busy, 0:03:22.440 --> 0:03:25.680 you know. So Chuck I was saying, like, they don't 0:03:25.680 --> 0:03:28.440 know exactly where viruses came from. They know they're very old. 0:03:29.120 --> 0:03:31.640 But there there are a couple of theories. My favorite 0:03:31.680 --> 0:03:35.600 one probably the one that's right is um that they 0:03:35.600 --> 0:03:43.880 were former bits of cells that basically evolved into freelance renegades. Yeah, 0:03:43.920 --> 0:03:48.760 which explains why certain viruses fit with certain cells. Well, 0:03:48.800 --> 0:03:52.560 that makes sense. So they could have just been basically 0:03:52.600 --> 0:03:57.320 like drifting genetic material that that evolved enough to say 0:03:57.800 --> 0:04:02.640 I'm gonna learn to reproduce by hijacking renegade drifters. Yep, 0:04:02.720 --> 0:04:05.760 So are you saying that viruses or John Rambo? Pretty much? 0:04:06.800 --> 0:04:10.880 So let's talk about like what makes a virus? Uh? Yeah, Well, 0:04:10.920 --> 0:04:12.800 like you said, a cell is is on its own 0:04:12.840 --> 0:04:15.840 It can do its own thing. Viruses cannot. Viruses are 0:04:15.880 --> 0:04:19.760 super tiny, about one millionth of an inch long, which 0:04:19.839 --> 0:04:23.400 is a thousand times smaller than bacteria, which are smaller 0:04:23.440 --> 0:04:26.919 than human cells. Most of them. There are some viruses 0:04:26.920 --> 0:04:29.520 that are actually larger than the average sized bacteria, but 0:04:29.600 --> 0:04:31.599 for the most part they are smaller, which is still 0:04:31.640 --> 0:04:34.760 super tiny. It is like you need an electron microscope 0:04:34.760 --> 0:04:37.839 to view these bad boys, right. Uh. And they can 0:04:37.880 --> 0:04:40.839 infect just about any living thing. As a matter of fact, 0:04:41.080 --> 0:04:44.960 any living thing could be theoretically infected by a virus 0:04:45.000 --> 0:04:50.560 like a bacteria can get a viral infection. Man, that's crazy, 0:04:48.600 --> 0:04:55.240 isn't that I don't se can get viruses, yeah, donkeys, Yeah, 0:04:55.360 --> 0:04:58.279 all sorts of stuff, the whole the whole gamut from 0:04:58.440 --> 0:05:03.120 seaweed to donkeys, the virus itself. If you just want 0:05:03.120 --> 0:05:07.200 to look at what that that little tiny particle is is, Uh, 0:05:07.279 --> 0:05:10.200 it's a veryon Is that how we're going to say 0:05:10.240 --> 0:05:14.240 that viron viron? Yeah? Why didn't they just leave the 0:05:14.279 --> 0:05:19.160 second eye environed? Yeah? I don't. Basically, what it is 0:05:18.920 --> 0:05:22.840 is a set of genetic instructions. Can be either DNA 0:05:23.040 --> 0:05:26.320 or RNA, can't be both. Uh, And it's you know, 0:05:26.520 --> 0:05:29.760 it's just instructions, that's all it is. Well, that's that's 0:05:29.800 --> 0:05:32.520 the nucleic acid that is part of a VIRON. Like 0:05:32.560 --> 0:05:35.720 a VIRON is like a particle, it's like an individual 0:05:35.920 --> 0:05:40.040 viral particle. Yeah, And part of that is the nucleic acid. Yeah. 0:05:40.080 --> 0:05:42.520 And that's surrounded by capsid, which is just a protein 0:05:42.680 --> 0:05:46.680 coating to protect it. And then sometimes if it's an 0:05:46.800 --> 0:05:51.000 envelope virus, that will also have an envelope around that capsid. 0:05:51.279 --> 0:05:53.640 If it's naked it doesn't need or because it just 0:05:53.680 --> 0:05:56.599 doesn't have that other protein code, right, And the enveloped 0:05:56.800 --> 0:06:00.560 ones are enveloped with this um a lipid fat of 0:06:00.600 --> 0:06:05.479 some sort. Um. But for a naked virus, it's can. 0:06:05.600 --> 0:06:08.880 It's made up of two things. It's got it's it's 0:06:08.960 --> 0:06:13.279 nucleic acid and it's protein coding that protects the nucleic acid. 0:06:13.320 --> 0:06:15.960 So it's not just nucleic acid floating around, that's right. 0:06:16.360 --> 0:06:20.400 And um, the nucleic acid is like you said, it's 0:06:20.400 --> 0:06:23.560 basically just a blueprint for how to make more viruses. 0:06:24.440 --> 0:06:30.120 Because if speaking teleologically, a virus is its whole purpose 0:06:30.360 --> 0:06:33.599 is to make more viruses. That's all it cares about. 0:06:34.000 --> 0:06:36.160 And you can say, well, that applies to just about 0:06:36.200 --> 0:06:40.839 any living organism if you get down to the bare bones. Yeah, 0:06:41.120 --> 0:06:44.000 with the virus, it's like that's it, man, it's not 0:06:44.040 --> 0:06:46.320 doing anything else. It doesn't care about playing cards. It 0:06:46.360 --> 0:06:50.640 doesn't want to do anything but reproduce. It make you sick, Yeah, 0:06:50.720 --> 0:06:54.960 pretty much. Uh. Their their shape varies a lot, but 0:06:55.080 --> 0:06:59.800 there are basically three types, helical or hell equal. It's 0:06:59.800 --> 0:07:02.720 like tube. You got your polyhedral, so it's sort of 0:07:02.720 --> 0:07:05.480 like a soccer ball, and then you have your complex 0:07:06.200 --> 0:07:10.040 shapes and they are complex there. You know, they can 0:07:10.080 --> 0:07:12.480 look crazy, they can have tails, they can have crazy 0:07:12.480 --> 0:07:15.600 looking spider legs like the what they have both which 0:07:15.640 --> 0:07:19.080 one looks like the Apollo lunar Lander. I'm gonna go 0:07:19.120 --> 0:07:23.160 with complex for sure, but yeah, yeah, I don't think 0:07:23.160 --> 0:07:25.840 it could be polyhedral. It's startling how much it looks 0:07:25.880 --> 0:07:29.040 like that. Yeah, it looks like it was made to 0:07:29.520 --> 0:07:32.480 look like a cool little lunar Lander, or that the 0:07:32.560 --> 0:07:36.520 lunar Lander was modeled after the virus, which didn't make 0:07:36.560 --> 0:07:40.520 much because they wanted to infect the Moon. Two. You 0:07:40.600 --> 0:07:45.560 may have astronaut jokes. Uh so, unlike cells that can 0:07:45.600 --> 0:07:48.720 do their own thing, viruses don't have enzymes like cells 0:07:48.760 --> 0:07:52.840 do that basically allowed to operate, uh, independently as their 0:07:52.840 --> 0:07:57.040 own little units. Some do. Some viruses contain just enough 0:07:57.160 --> 0:08:01.320 enzymes to take their DNA or their RNA and and 0:08:01.440 --> 0:08:05.400 do something with it to basically primate to be transcribed 0:08:05.480 --> 0:08:08.760 or something like that. Or they have enzymes that go 0:08:08.920 --> 0:08:13.320 hijack the enzymes in the cell. So some do. Most 0:08:13.400 --> 0:08:16.840 don't write. But um yeah, that's that's the whole point 0:08:16.880 --> 0:08:20.040 of infecting a host cell. If all the virus wants 0:08:20.080 --> 0:08:23.280 to do is reproduce, but it can't reproduce, that's where 0:08:23.280 --> 0:08:25.840 the host cell comes in. That's right, They basically move 0:08:25.920 --> 0:08:29.440 into the factory with and say we're going to use 0:08:29.480 --> 0:08:33.600 your equipment. They're like, there's gonna be some big changes 0:08:33.640 --> 0:08:37.440 around here because there's a new sheriff in town. And 0:08:38.480 --> 0:08:41.160 the virus although all rirus just don't kill people, we 0:08:41.160 --> 0:08:43.960 should point that out. No, And so it depending on 0:08:44.920 --> 0:08:50.720 what kind of virus it is, whether it's naked or enveloped. UM, 0:08:50.760 --> 0:08:53.760 it will attach itself to the to the host cell 0:08:54.240 --> 0:08:56.920 and either inject it. If it's naked, it has to 0:08:56.960 --> 0:09:00.600 stay outside the host cell and basically in x it's 0:09:00.800 --> 0:09:05.840 um genetic material into the host cell. Or if it's enveloped, 0:09:06.240 --> 0:09:11.240 that fat lipid coding that that makes it an enveloped 0:09:11.360 --> 0:09:16.600 virus basically connects to the host cell's own fat lipid 0:09:16.640 --> 0:09:20.800 coding and that protein codd virus can basically slip through, 0:09:21.000 --> 0:09:25.240 just absorb right into the cell and say tada when 0:09:25.240 --> 0:09:27.640 it makes it on the inside. Yeah. Is that what 0:09:27.679 --> 0:09:31.400 an antigen is? I think that's the protein that has 0:09:31.440 --> 0:09:36.640 to match like the antigen looks for another like protein 0:09:36.880 --> 0:09:38.960 so it can get that type bond and if they 0:09:39.080 --> 0:09:41.160 and if they're not similar enough, they can't bond and 0:09:41.520 --> 0:09:43.840 infect that cell. Be wrong. In that is that right? 0:09:43.920 --> 0:09:46.839 I don't know if that's the it sounds right, and 0:09:47.520 --> 0:09:49.360 the reason it sounds right because I saw elsewhere in 0:09:49.360 --> 0:09:53.920 the research that, um, that's why viruses go after specific 0:09:54.000 --> 0:09:57.960 kinds of cells there there. Um, that's they recognize the 0:09:58.000 --> 0:10:01.240 type of cells that they're capable of infecting. Right, and say, 0:10:01.240 --> 0:10:04.000 I can bind to you very tightly, my friend. Exactly, 0:10:04.720 --> 0:10:07.640 So let's dance exactly all right, right after this message, 0:10:07.640 --> 0:10:09.800 we are going to get down to the nitty gritty 0:10:09.800 --> 0:10:13.520 on what happens once they have bound themselves to that cell. 0:10:22.880 --> 0:10:25.120 All right, Josh, they moved into the cell. They like 0:10:25.240 --> 0:10:28.280 the looks of it. It's a nice open concept floor plan, 0:10:29.160 --> 0:10:33.120 which everyone loves these days. What happens from there, well, 0:10:33.160 --> 0:10:35.520 it depends on the virus. So let's say it was 0:10:35.559 --> 0:10:38.920 one that injected it. It's got its genetic material floating around. 0:10:39.000 --> 0:10:42.520 Maybe there's an enzyme that's assisting the genetic material, or 0:10:42.559 --> 0:10:46.240 if the virus itself showed up, um, it's releasing its 0:10:46.280 --> 0:10:49.200 genetic material all over the place. But basically what happened 0:10:49.200 --> 0:10:53.160 that sounds pretty cross. Well, it is pretty gross. It 0:10:53.200 --> 0:10:56.280 happens exactly like it like you think, yeah, um, but 0:10:56.480 --> 0:11:01.840 the Once inside the cell, you'll see a lot that 0:11:02.080 --> 0:11:07.080 the virus hijacks the cells um processes. Yeah, like hey, 0:11:07.080 --> 0:11:09.280 we need to use your deal because we don't have 0:11:09.320 --> 0:11:13.360 our own exactly. Um, they're not. The reason people use 0:11:13.400 --> 0:11:16.120 the word hijack is because it really gets the point across, 0:11:16.160 --> 0:11:22.439 but it's also because science isn't on how viruses do it, 0:11:22.640 --> 0:11:25.680 and they they What they think basically is that if 0:11:25.679 --> 0:11:31.319 there's an accompanying enzyme or something, the enzymes basically wait 0:11:31.400 --> 0:11:35.000 for a line of other enzymes the cell zone enzymes 0:11:35.000 --> 0:11:37.480 to go past, and then it grabs the last one 0:11:37.480 --> 0:11:40.320 in the line that old trick, hits it over the head, 0:11:41.000 --> 0:11:46.000 hypnotizes it basically, and then sends it back out to 0:11:46.080 --> 0:11:49.760 go recruit other enzymes, and then all of a sudden, 0:11:49.800 --> 0:11:52.640 the cell is it's enzymes, it's workers. If you think 0:11:52.640 --> 0:11:55.600 of the enzymes is like the workers in the cell um. 0:11:55.840 --> 0:11:59.040 They're all working for this virus, and the cells like 0:11:59.080 --> 0:12:02.520 what the hecks going on? It's too late. The enzymes 0:12:02.520 --> 0:12:08.480 are focused on transcribing the DNA, which ultimately just makes 0:12:08.480 --> 0:12:11.920 more DNA or RNA for the virus, and then assembling 0:12:11.960 --> 0:12:14.679 it with proteins that the enzymes are now making, so 0:12:14.720 --> 0:12:17.400 they're now making more and more and more viruses. It's 0:12:17.400 --> 0:12:19.840 a hostile takeover. It is very much a hostile takeover. 0:12:20.120 --> 0:12:23.120 That's one way to go. There's another thing called a retrovirus, 0:12:23.160 --> 0:12:25.680 which I'm a huge fan of. Some of the worst 0:12:25.760 --> 0:12:29.440 viruses around a retroviruses, which is ironic because they actually 0:12:29.480 --> 0:12:33.640 have the um softest impact on the host cell. But 0:12:33.720 --> 0:12:40.280 a retrovirus goes in very quietly, hangs around and yeah, 0:12:40.400 --> 0:12:45.040 because HIV is a retrovirus, UM, so is uh. I 0:12:45.080 --> 0:12:49.280 think a flu flues a retrovirus too, I think um. 0:12:49.400 --> 0:12:51.880 But it goes in and it it just inserts its 0:12:51.960 --> 0:12:56.600 DNA into the cells DNA. So it's like, yeah, go 0:12:56.640 --> 0:12:59.200 about your business or whatever. But now there's this extra 0:12:59.360 --> 0:13:02.480 sequence that when you go over it and you transcribe 0:13:02.520 --> 0:13:05.080 it and you do what this this um DNA or 0:13:05.120 --> 0:13:07.800 this genetic material is telling you to do to make 0:13:08.160 --> 0:13:12.000 you're gonna also, as a byproduct, spit out um viruses. 0:13:12.280 --> 0:13:16.880 So it's just duplicating itself, it is. So that's there's 0:13:16.920 --> 0:13:18.640 a lot of different things that can go on. But 0:13:19.240 --> 0:13:22.160 it's like you said, there's a hostile takeover, or the 0:13:22.240 --> 0:13:26.440 cell is tricked into making more viruses. But what happens 0:13:26.520 --> 0:13:28.880 is more and more and more and more viruses are 0:13:28.880 --> 0:13:32.520 being made within the host cell, which can be pretty 0:13:32.559 --> 0:13:36.559 bad for the hostel. Ultimately, well yeah, because eventually the 0:13:36.640 --> 0:13:38.959 virus is gonna leave, and they can either if it's 0:13:38.960 --> 0:13:41.880 a naked virus, it'll bust out and just destroy the 0:13:41.920 --> 0:13:44.360 host cell and be like, hey, I'm tired of your 0:13:44.559 --> 0:13:48.200 little apartment. I'm just gonna burn it down because I'm 0:13:48.200 --> 0:13:50.560 my own thing now and I can live on my 0:13:50.600 --> 0:13:55.240 own um. Or if it's an envelope virus, and it'll 0:13:55.280 --> 0:13:58.680 just kind of pinch away and keep that protective cell 0:13:58.720 --> 0:14:01.240 membrane and just be like, well fine, I'll just take 0:14:01.320 --> 0:14:03.520 my stuff and then leave and you're free to do 0:14:03.559 --> 0:14:06.440 what you want. Right. Well, that's another reason why retroviruses 0:14:06.480 --> 0:14:09.400 are easy on the host cell is because all retroviruses 0:14:09.400 --> 0:14:13.840 are enveloped viruses. So these new newly made viruses just 0:14:14.000 --> 0:14:18.360 moved to the outside membrane and bud off. And then 0:14:19.040 --> 0:14:22.440 what happens when they bud off or when the cell 0:14:22.520 --> 0:14:26.120 breaks open because there's so many new viruses, it ruptures 0:14:26.120 --> 0:14:29.160 the cell. It's just pretty horrific if you think about it. 0:14:29.960 --> 0:14:35.400 UM all of a sudden, you're contagious. Yeah, and it's 0:14:35.880 --> 0:14:38.560 duplicating and spreading all throughout your body at a pretty 0:14:38.600 --> 0:14:42.520 rapid rate. Lots of these guys. So let's let's look 0:14:42.560 --> 0:14:45.240 at your well, let's look at you. For instance, what 0:14:45.560 --> 0:14:48.280 have you got right now? I got something some sort 0:14:48.320 --> 0:14:57.320 of viral infection, not the flu, probably, Yeah, you achy, fevery, no, no, feverish? 0:14:57.320 --> 0:15:01.320 I mean, uh so what do you What do I have? Doc? Well, 0:15:01.360 --> 0:15:03.880 I would say you have a cold, But I had 0:15:03.880 --> 0:15:06.720 a cold that that turned into a sinus infection. I 0:15:06.760 --> 0:15:08.600 may have one of those. From the color of the 0:15:08.600 --> 0:15:10.480 stuff that's coming out of my nose, I would say 0:15:10.480 --> 0:15:13.120 I probably have a sizes infection. Yes. Would you describe 0:15:13.120 --> 0:15:16.320 it as a khaki? Uh? I would describe it as 0:15:16.440 --> 0:15:20.000 a drab all of oh Man, way worse than khaki. 0:15:21.240 --> 0:15:23.200 When I was sick a couple of weeks ago, I 0:15:23.240 --> 0:15:27.680 had some serious, bright, bright, almost fluorescent yellow coming out, 0:15:28.200 --> 0:15:31.960 which is all very gratifying to get rid of, either 0:15:32.040 --> 0:15:34.120 with your netty potter just blowing your nose or whatever. 0:15:34.240 --> 0:15:36.840 I've been potting like a madman. Yeah, you know, you 0:15:36.880 --> 0:15:40.360 can overdo that when you're sick. Apparently, Yeah, I can 0:15:40.440 --> 0:15:45.120 imagine because this just the salt. Too much salt up there, 0:15:45.400 --> 0:15:48.120 and I think just fluid, like unless you really really 0:15:48.120 --> 0:15:51.400 get it all out. Uh, it's better like you need 0:15:51.440 --> 0:15:54.640 to dry out completely in between. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I 0:15:54.760 --> 0:15:58.320 definitely all right. We'll just take two of these and 0:15:58.360 --> 0:15:59.760 come back and see me next week. Well you're a 0:16:00.000 --> 0:16:02.400 ignosing what was going on? Well, you've got a cold, 0:16:02.440 --> 0:16:06.000 I think, um, but let's say you're in the office. 0:16:06.640 --> 0:16:09.000 I think we should make this as real as possible. 0:16:09.040 --> 0:16:11.360 I was. Let's say that I'm hanging out with my 0:16:11.480 --> 0:16:13.920 sweet little four year old niece, who herself has a cold. 0:16:15.000 --> 0:16:18.280 She the she the person. I don't want to name names, 0:16:19.680 --> 0:16:22.240 but I think she's that. She's on your list now. 0:16:23.520 --> 0:16:26.520 So alright, So your little niece probably sneezed or something, 0:16:27.160 --> 0:16:29.000 or just put her dirty little hands all over your 0:16:29.000 --> 0:16:32.280 face because she loves Uncle Josh. She she has her 0:16:32.360 --> 0:16:34.760 dad would not allow her to have dirty hands. Okay, 0:16:35.240 --> 0:16:39.360 I think she's probably confident around me. Uh. And what 0:16:39.440 --> 0:16:42.720 you probably did was inhaled a virus particle, and that 0:16:42.800 --> 0:16:46.160 probably attached to your the linings of your nasal passages, 0:16:46.440 --> 0:16:49.640 your sinuses, because apparently there's basically only three ways that 0:16:49.680 --> 0:16:53.200 a virus gets into your body. You inhale it uh, 0:16:53.520 --> 0:16:56.560 attaches to your mucous membranes like your nose or your 0:16:56.640 --> 0:17:00.320 gums or something, or enters through a break in skin. 0:17:00.800 --> 0:17:03.760 That's right, So your host cell is gonna break open, 0:17:04.320 --> 0:17:06.800 your virus is gonna move in there with and say 0:17:06.840 --> 0:17:09.520 I'm gonna use your equipment like we talked about. Then 0:17:09.560 --> 0:17:13.560 maybe travel to your bloodstream, travel to your lungs uh, 0:17:13.600 --> 0:17:16.040 and you're gonna end up getting let's say maybe one 0:17:16.040 --> 0:17:18.800 of the first signs as a running nose because you're 0:17:18.960 --> 0:17:21.879 losing cells in your sinuses and now that fluid is 0:17:21.920 --> 0:17:25.280 gonna be loosened up as a result. Yeah, the nasal, 0:17:25.520 --> 0:17:29.240 the literal cellular lining of my sinuses is being is 0:17:29.359 --> 0:17:32.159 rupturing it under attack. Because here's the thing. When you 0:17:32.240 --> 0:17:34.400 go through and look at like what a virus does, 0:17:34.480 --> 0:17:39.639 you're looking at what one individual virian is doing. You 0:17:39.640 --> 0:17:42.760 don't necessarily just pick up one individual viran. You can 0:17:42.800 --> 0:17:47.120 be exposed to many, many, many virians and they are 0:17:47.320 --> 0:17:51.800 each reproducing producing thousands more just in one cell. So 0:17:51.840 --> 0:17:54.879 all this is going on, it can have a pronounced effect, 0:17:54.920 --> 0:17:57.959 like if you just lost one cell your in your 0:17:58.040 --> 0:18:01.520 nasal lining. It's not gonna do much. You're probably never 0:18:01.560 --> 0:18:04.080 ever going to notice. But if you lose a ton 0:18:04.119 --> 0:18:06.199 of the cells at the same time, you're gonna have 0:18:06.200 --> 0:18:08.680 a runny nose. Yeah, or if it happens in your throat, 0:18:08.720 --> 0:18:12.000 you're gonna have a sore throat. That's right. That's just fluid. 0:18:12.200 --> 0:18:15.080 You know, it's attacking those cells in your throat and 0:18:15.160 --> 0:18:18.920 the lining, and it's dripping and just causing like a 0:18:19.680 --> 0:18:22.840 usually some sort of inflammation. Yeah. And those because those 0:18:22.960 --> 0:18:26.960 ruptured cells are being carried down by your nose juice 0:18:27.080 --> 0:18:30.080 to the back of your throat, which is turn That's 0:18:30.080 --> 0:18:34.840 what I was raised on. It's in turn um those juice, okay, 0:18:35.040 --> 0:18:39.359 which in turn u and they attach an attack to 0:18:39.680 --> 0:18:42.800 the cells lining your throat, and then this whole thing 0:18:42.920 --> 0:18:44.880 is just going on and on and on again. Yeah. 0:18:44.920 --> 0:18:48.200 If you've ever had aches and pains because of maybe 0:18:48.240 --> 0:18:52.200 a flu, that's because your muscle cells are being attacked. 0:18:52.520 --> 0:18:54.879 And it sucks because you don't know that this is 0:18:54.880 --> 0:18:57.800 going on at first, Like it's just this war being 0:18:57.840 --> 0:19:01.000 wags inside your body and you're like, you know, hey, 0:19:01.119 --> 0:19:03.359 I'm just going to the grocery store and I'm feeling 0:19:03.400 --> 0:19:05.600 pretty good, and by the time you start to feel 0:19:05.640 --> 0:19:07.840 it's too late, it is too late. I'm glad you 0:19:07.880 --> 0:19:10.080 brought that up because I did a don't be dumb 0:19:10.240 --> 0:19:14.280 on when you're actually contagious. Yeah, what's the final on that? 0:19:14.640 --> 0:19:18.560 So it depends on it, does it vary? The how 0:19:18.600 --> 0:19:22.440 long you're contagious varies, But when you start is a 0:19:22.440 --> 0:19:27.080 about a day before you start showing symptoms. So like, 0:19:27.240 --> 0:19:30.280 remember how I said, if you have one cell burst 0:19:30.359 --> 0:19:33.000 and and you're not gonna notice it, it's gonna take 0:19:33.040 --> 0:19:35.159 many many cells to burst before you finally have a 0:19:35.160 --> 0:19:38.040 sore throat. Well, while those things are bursting, after that 0:19:38.160 --> 0:19:41.800 first one bursts, you're contagious, buddy. So for a day 0:19:41.880 --> 0:19:46.040 before you even know you're sick, you're walking around infecting 0:19:46.080 --> 0:19:49.320 other people. With a cold, you go from the day 0:19:49.320 --> 0:19:53.120 before symptoms to about four days after. And with the flu, 0:19:53.400 --> 0:19:56.359 you go from the day before symptoms to five to 0:19:56.440 --> 0:20:00.040 seven days after. So you can still be it. It 0:20:00.080 --> 0:20:02.199 is true and people are like, I'm not contagious anymore. 0:20:02.240 --> 0:20:06.399 They're usually probably totally wrong, But say they're flu last 0:20:06.480 --> 0:20:09.480 eight days. If they say that on day eight, they're 0:20:09.560 --> 0:20:12.680 they're actually right. Most people say it by like day 0:20:12.680 --> 0:20:15.399 three or four or whatever that it's all right, Well 0:20:15.440 --> 0:20:18.800 they need to watch Don't be dumb. Josh's award winning 0:20:18.840 --> 0:20:23.200 web series so many awards, man, I think the next 0:20:23.240 --> 0:20:25.600 award is gonna win. Is the most divisive web series 0:20:26.160 --> 0:20:28.400 because half the people, more than half, I think, are like, man, 0:20:28.440 --> 0:20:31.120 this is the best thing ever. People are like, oh, 0:20:31.240 --> 0:20:33.880 good at why is Josh Acton so weird? And I'll 0:20:33.920 --> 0:20:37.159 just respond with, yeah, you don't get it, and I 0:20:37.200 --> 0:20:39.840 mean it's definitely not for everybody. I've learned. Well, it's 0:20:39.920 --> 0:20:43.439 very funny, I think, Uh sure, So all right, and 0:20:43.640 --> 0:20:45.600 we mentioned fever. We're going to talk about what that 0:20:45.720 --> 0:20:48.320 is actually doing inside your body right for this break. 0:20:51.920 --> 0:20:54.040 So it took. It turns out you asked me if 0:20:54.080 --> 0:20:57.159 I if I feel feverish, and I don't. Apparently my 0:20:57.200 --> 0:21:00.440 body is slacking on the immune response. Well, I think 0:21:00.480 --> 0:21:03.280 you don't always get the fever. But fever is a 0:21:03.320 --> 0:21:07.320 good thing because your body is wired to operate optimally 0:21:07.400 --> 0:21:10.280 at ninety eight point six. Even though I heard that 0:21:10.359 --> 0:21:12.520 was nine eight point seven, now is that right? Yeah, 0:21:12.560 --> 0:21:14.879 I heard that. The they kind of abandoned that as 0:21:14.920 --> 0:21:18.000 like an average body temperature because it varies enough between 0:21:18.200 --> 0:21:21.240 human beings that they're they're like, now it's this between 0:21:21.240 --> 0:21:24.320 this rather than point six. And if you don't have that, 0:21:24.560 --> 0:21:28.080 you're sick to somewhere in that range, let's say, uh, 0:21:28.320 --> 0:21:31.560 chemical reactions and basically anything going on your body just 0:21:32.000 --> 0:21:34.600 that's the temperature it likes. So when you get a fever, 0:21:34.800 --> 0:21:38.920 it's actually slowing all those processes down, including the virus 0:21:39.000 --> 0:21:42.000 is spread, because it's like, oh man, it's hot, I 0:21:42.040 --> 0:21:46.119 can't can't work as much, that's right, Uh, which is 0:21:46.200 --> 0:21:51.400 kind of a weird, indirect, roundabout way of slowing a 0:21:51.440 --> 0:21:54.000 fever down or slowing an infection down. Yeah, I mean, 0:21:54.119 --> 0:21:55.879 I guess if it works. So it's good to have 0:21:55.920 --> 0:21:58.000 a fever. It is good to have a fever, and 0:21:58.040 --> 0:22:02.960 it's it actually makes sense in strange way because some infections, 0:22:02.960 --> 0:22:06.959 some viruses attack the very cells that are meant to 0:22:07.480 --> 0:22:10.480 mount the immune response. Like remember a bola it goes 0:22:10.720 --> 0:22:13.840 right after like every immune response cell it can find. 0:22:14.240 --> 0:22:18.440 HIV goes after T cells, which attack and destroy foreign bodies, 0:22:18.720 --> 0:22:22.399 so to to slow them down and to slow the 0:22:22.440 --> 0:22:26.320 spread so that the immune response can continue and mount 0:22:26.320 --> 0:22:29.600 a full attack is kind of clever. Yeah, And and 0:22:29.680 --> 0:22:33.760 since you mentioned HIV, it's it's another scary one because 0:22:34.320 --> 0:22:37.679 it's one of those viruses that can just lay in 0:22:37.760 --> 0:22:41.000 wait and they even call it sleeping it some sometimes, 0:22:41.040 --> 0:22:44.119 you know, like it's not obvious you could have HIV 0:22:44.440 --> 0:22:47.359 and be spreading HIV without ever feeling any kind of 0:22:47.400 --> 0:22:52.480 sick or any kind of symptoms, and um, basically eventually 0:22:53.800 --> 0:22:56.520 that virus is gonna do its thing. You know, it 0:22:56.560 --> 0:23:00.359 could lay in wait for years even without without acting right. 0:23:00.400 --> 0:23:03.480 And then it depends on the virus. But they figure 0:23:03.520 --> 0:23:07.480 that there's some sort of environmental trigger. One I saw 0:23:07.640 --> 0:23:10.640 was like exposure to UV blight or something like that. 0:23:10.680 --> 0:23:14.840 But it's the same thing herpies as a virus like 0:23:14.880 --> 0:23:18.600 that it sleeps, which is why people who have like 0:23:18.640 --> 0:23:23.520 say herpie simplex don't always have um cold source. It'll 0:23:23.560 --> 0:23:25.640 just flare up, right, it will flare up. And they 0:23:25.760 --> 0:23:28.200 often say, like in times of stress or something like that, Well, 0:23:28.440 --> 0:23:31.640 the virus isn't like this person is stressed out, let's go. 0:23:32.160 --> 0:23:37.639 There's probably cortisol triggers the virus to start reproducing. But 0:23:37.720 --> 0:23:40.600 one of the one of the devious aspects of this 0:23:40.680 --> 0:23:45.160 is when that when that virus sneaks in and inserts 0:23:45.240 --> 0:23:48.560