1 00:00:00,840 --> 00:00:04,000 Speaker 1: Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from how Stuff 2 00:00:04,040 --> 00:00:12,480 Speaker 1: Works dot Com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:17,600 Speaker 1: Josh Clark, There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, There's Jerry uh 4 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:20,799 Speaker 1: And this is Stuff you Should Know, featuring my enormous 5 00:00:20,920 --> 00:00:24,759 Speaker 1: dot up nose and how appropriate. Yeah, well that was 6 00:00:24,800 --> 00:00:26,279 Speaker 1: one of the reasons why I wanted to do this. 7 00:00:26,720 --> 00:00:29,760 Speaker 1: I figured I'm a little sick right now. Yeah, yeah, still, 8 00:00:31,240 --> 00:00:33,839 Speaker 1: and uh, I wanted to know more about the monster inside. 9 00:00:33,880 --> 00:00:37,200 Speaker 1: That's right, Like, I'm not feeling great and the knowledge 10 00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 1: is power, like we always say, exactly, Like, just from 11 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:42,839 Speaker 1: researching this, I was like starting to break a sweat 12 00:00:42,880 --> 00:00:45,519 Speaker 1: and tremble and I was like, I'm getting better, and 13 00:00:45,560 --> 00:00:47,920 Speaker 1: then I passed out and hit my head. Yeah, and 14 00:00:47,960 --> 00:00:50,800 Speaker 1: I didn't have enough time to finish studying. So good, 15 00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:52,760 Speaker 1: I'm gonna have to make a lot of this up, 16 00:00:52,840 --> 00:00:57,000 Speaker 1: Chuck cool. Yeah, we've covered we covered ebola recently, and 17 00:00:57,040 --> 00:00:59,400 Speaker 1: we are definitely going to cover HIV at some point. 18 00:00:59,480 --> 00:01:01,600 Speaker 1: We just haven't gotten around to it. Yeah, but both 19 00:01:01,640 --> 00:01:03,680 Speaker 1: of those are viruses. So there's another one we talked 20 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:05,959 Speaker 1: about that seemed to come up in this. I don't 21 00:01:05,959 --> 00:01:08,760 Speaker 1: remember what it was. But um, the herpies. No, no, 22 00:01:09,160 --> 00:01:12,160 Speaker 1: we know they've talked about herpes. Um, well, you know, 23 00:01:12,280 --> 00:01:15,880 Speaker 1: not mixed company. What what was it? I don't remember, 24 00:01:15,920 --> 00:01:20,120 Speaker 1: but there was definitely microbiome maybe yeah, no, I don't 25 00:01:20,120 --> 00:01:22,440 Speaker 1: remember what it was. But we've talked about viruses and 26 00:01:22,520 --> 00:01:25,880 Speaker 1: viral infections. But to me, I think viruses are one 27 00:01:25,880 --> 00:01:31,120 Speaker 1: of the most fascinating things on the entire planet. They're jerks, like, 28 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:33,800 Speaker 1: we don't know where they came from. We don't quite 29 00:01:33,800 --> 00:01:36,399 Speaker 1: know how to classify them because they really kind of 30 00:01:36,440 --> 00:01:39,759 Speaker 1: operate on the line between a living in a non 31 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:43,800 Speaker 1: living thing. Yeah, this article said, like most scientists agree, 32 00:01:43,840 --> 00:01:46,039 Speaker 1: but I found a lot of people that said that 33 00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:48,920 Speaker 1: they're not living things too, So yeah, um, but who 34 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:52,480 Speaker 1: cares really, They still definitely have an effect. You know. 35 00:01:52,880 --> 00:01:57,920 Speaker 1: The weird thing is about virus is why some people 36 00:01:57,960 --> 00:01:59,960 Speaker 1: say it's living in some people say it's not living. 37 00:02:00,160 --> 00:02:03,360 Speaker 1: Is that it to to be a living thing, you 38 00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:08,800 Speaker 1: have to have something like arms. Yeah, you have to 39 00:02:08,840 --> 00:02:13,800 Speaker 1: have arms. Rocks rocks don't have arms, Nope, point proven, Um, 40 00:02:14,120 --> 00:02:16,000 Speaker 1: you have to have you have to be able to 41 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:21,639 Speaker 1: carry out the processes that keep you alive. Yeah, like 42 00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:27,440 Speaker 1: you a cell a cell is the smallest living organism. 43 00:02:27,440 --> 00:02:29,960 Speaker 1: It's the smallest possible living organism because you get lower 44 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:32,440 Speaker 1: than that and you have maybe the things that make 45 00:02:32,520 --> 00:02:34,880 Speaker 1: up a cell, but they can't sustain themselves. A cell 46 00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:37,680 Speaker 1: can sustain itself, and things can be made up of 47 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:42,200 Speaker 1: cells like us, and therefore we are a living organism. 48 00:02:42,320 --> 00:02:44,600 Speaker 1: The cells that make us up are living organisms. Plants 49 00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:48,840 Speaker 1: are living organisms. But viruses they don't have any means 50 00:02:48,960 --> 00:02:53,799 Speaker 1: of carrying out the processes that keep them alive, which 51 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:56,600 Speaker 1: doesn't matter because they're not alive, But more important, they 52 00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:59,639 Speaker 1: don't have any processes that allow them to reproduce. Yeah, 53 00:02:59,680 --> 00:03:03,440 Speaker 1: they're like by themselves that they're not worth very much. 54 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:06,160 Speaker 1: They need to glom on. They're always gloming on to 55 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:10,200 Speaker 1: everyone else's junk exactly, which is basically what a virus does. 56 00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:13,160 Speaker 1: But for something as simple as the viruses, and we'll 57 00:03:13,200 --> 00:03:15,960 Speaker 1: talk about how simple they are in a second, they 58 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:21,720 Speaker 1: have devastating effects when they do start to really get busy, 59 00:03:22,440 --> 00:03:25,680 Speaker 1: you know. So Chuck I was saying, like, they don't 60 00:03:25,680 --> 00:03:28,440 Speaker 1: know exactly where viruses came from. They know they're very old. 61 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:31,640 Speaker 1: But there there are a couple of theories. My favorite 62 00:03:31,680 --> 00:03:35,600 Speaker 1: one probably the one that's right is um that they 63 00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:43,880 Speaker 1: were former bits of cells that basically evolved into freelance renegades. Yeah, 64 00:03:43,920 --> 00:03:48,760 Speaker 1: which explains why certain viruses fit with certain cells. Well, 65 00:03:48,800 --> 00:03:52,560 Speaker 1: that makes sense. So they could have just been basically 66 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:57,320 Speaker 1: like drifting genetic material that that evolved enough to say 67 00:03:57,800 --> 00:04:02,640 Speaker 1: I'm gonna learn to reproduce by hijacking renegade drifters. Yep, 68 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:05,760 Speaker 1: So are you saying that viruses or John Rambo? Pretty much? 69 00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:10,880 Speaker 1: So let's talk about like what makes a virus? Uh? Yeah, Well, 70 00:04:10,920 --> 00:04:12,800 Speaker 1: like you said, a cell is is on its own 71 00:04:12,840 --> 00:04:15,840 Speaker 1: It can do its own thing. Viruses cannot. Viruses are 72 00:04:15,880 --> 00:04:19,760 Speaker 1: super tiny, about one millionth of an inch long, which 73 00:04:19,839 --> 00:04:23,400 Speaker 1: is a thousand times smaller than bacteria, which are smaller 74 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:26,919 Speaker 1: than human cells. Most of them. There are some viruses 75 00:04:26,920 --> 00:04:29,520 Speaker 1: that are actually larger than the average sized bacteria, but 76 00:04:29,600 --> 00:04:31,599 Speaker 1: for the most part they are smaller, which is still 77 00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:34,760 Speaker 1: super tiny. It is like you need an electron microscope 78 00:04:34,760 --> 00:04:37,839 Speaker 1: to view these bad boys, right. Uh. And they can 79 00:04:37,880 --> 00:04:40,839 Speaker 1: infect just about any living thing. As a matter of fact, 80 00:04:41,080 --> 00:04:44,960 Speaker 1: any living thing could be theoretically infected by a virus 81 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:50,560 Speaker 1: like a bacteria can get a viral infection. Man, that's crazy, 82 00:04:48,600 --> 00:04:55,240 Speaker 1: isn't that I don't se can get viruses, yeah, donkeys, Yeah, 83 00:04:55,360 --> 00:04:58,279 Speaker 1: all sorts of stuff, the whole the whole gamut from 84 00:04:58,440 --> 00:05:03,120 Speaker 1: seaweed to donkeys, the virus itself. If you just want 85 00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:07,200 Speaker 1: to look at what that that little tiny particle is is, Uh, 86 00:05:07,279 --> 00:05:10,200 Speaker 1: it's a veryon Is that how we're going to say 87 00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:14,240 Speaker 1: that viron viron? Yeah? Why didn't they just leave the 88 00:05:14,279 --> 00:05:19,160 Speaker 1: second eye environed? Yeah? I don't. Basically, what it is 89 00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:22,840 Speaker 1: is a set of genetic instructions. Can be either DNA 90 00:05:23,040 --> 00:05:26,320 Speaker 1: or RNA, can't be both. Uh, And it's you know, 91 00:05:26,520 --> 00:05:29,760 Speaker 1: it's just instructions, that's all it is. Well, that's that's 92 00:05:29,800 --> 00:05:32,520 Speaker 1: the nucleic acid that is part of a VIRON. Like 93 00:05:32,560 --> 00:05:35,720 Speaker 1: a VIRON is like a particle, it's like an individual 94 00:05:35,920 --> 00:05:40,040 Speaker 1: viral particle. Yeah, And part of that is the nucleic acid. Yeah. 95 00:05:40,080 --> 00:05:42,520 Speaker 1: And that's surrounded by capsid, which is just a protein 96 00:05:42,680 --> 00:05:46,680 Speaker 1: coating to protect it. And then sometimes if it's an 97 00:05:46,800 --> 00:05:51,000 Speaker 1: envelope virus, that will also have an envelope around that capsid. 98 00:05:51,279 --> 00:05:53,640 Speaker 1: If it's naked it doesn't need or because it just 99 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:56,599 Speaker 1: doesn't have that other protein code, right, And the enveloped 100 00:05:56,800 --> 00:06:00,560 Speaker 1: ones are enveloped with this um a lipid fat of 101 00:06:00,600 --> 00:06:05,479 Speaker 1: some sort. Um. But for a naked virus, it's can. 102 00:06:05,600 --> 00:06:08,880 Speaker 1: It's made up of two things. It's got it's it's 103 00:06:08,960 --> 00:06:13,279 Speaker 1: nucleic acid and it's protein coding that protects the nucleic acid. 104 00:06:13,320 --> 00:06:15,960 Speaker 1: So it's not just nucleic acid floating around, that's right. 105 00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:20,400 Speaker 1: And um, the nucleic acid is like you said, it's 106 00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:23,560 Speaker 1: basically just a blueprint for how to make more viruses. 107 00:06:24,440 --> 00:06:30,120 Speaker 1: Because if speaking teleologically, a virus is its whole purpose 108 00:06:30,360 --> 00:06:33,599 Speaker 1: is to make more viruses. That's all it cares about. 109 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:36,160 Speaker 1: And you can say, well, that applies to just about 110 00:06:36,200 --> 00:06:40,839 Speaker 1: any living organism if you get down to the bare bones. Yeah, 111 00:06:41,120 --> 00:06:44,000 Speaker 1: with the virus, it's like that's it, man, it's not 112 00:06:44,040 --> 00:06:46,320 Speaker 1: doing anything else. It doesn't care about playing cards. It 113 00:06:46,360 --> 00:06:50,640 Speaker 1: doesn't want to do anything but reproduce. It make you sick, Yeah, 114 00:06:50,720 --> 00:06:54,960 Speaker 1: pretty much. Uh. Their their shape varies a lot, but 115 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:59,800 Speaker 1: there are basically three types, helical or hell equal. It's 116 00:06:59,800 --> 00:07:02,720 Speaker 1: like tube. You got your polyhedral, so it's sort of 117 00:07:02,720 --> 00:07:05,480 Speaker 1: like a soccer ball, and then you have your complex 118 00:07:06,200 --> 00:07:10,040 Speaker 1: shapes and they are complex there. You know, they can 119 00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:12,480 Speaker 1: look crazy, they can have tails, they can have crazy 120 00:07:12,480 --> 00:07:15,600 Speaker 1: looking spider legs like the what they have both which 121 00:07:15,640 --> 00:07:19,080 Speaker 1: one looks like the Apollo lunar Lander. I'm gonna go 122 00:07:19,120 --> 00:07:23,160 Speaker 1: with complex for sure, but yeah, yeah, I don't think 123 00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:25,840 Speaker 1: it could be polyhedral. It's startling how much it looks 124 00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:29,040 Speaker 1: like that. Yeah, it looks like it was made to 125 00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:32,480 Speaker 1: look like a cool little lunar Lander, or that the 126 00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:36,520 Speaker 1: lunar Lander was modeled after the virus, which didn't make 127 00:07:36,560 --> 00:07:40,520 Speaker 1: much because they wanted to infect the Moon. Two. You 128 00:07:40,600 --> 00:07:45,560 Speaker 1: may have astronaut jokes. Uh so, unlike cells that can 129 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:48,720 Speaker 1: do their own thing, viruses don't have enzymes like cells 130 00:07:48,760 --> 00:07:52,840 Speaker 1: do that basically allowed to operate, uh, independently as their 131 00:07:52,840 --> 00:07:57,040 Speaker 1: own little units. Some do. Some viruses contain just enough 132 00:07:57,160 --> 00:08:01,320 Speaker 1: enzymes to take their DNA or their RNA and and 133 00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:05,400 Speaker 1: do something with it to basically primate to be transcribed 134 00:08:05,480 --> 00:08:08,760 Speaker 1: or something like that. Or they have enzymes that go 135 00:08:08,920 --> 00:08:13,320 Speaker 1: hijack the enzymes in the cell. So some do. Most 136 00:08:13,400 --> 00:08:16,840 Speaker 1: don't write. But um yeah, that's that's the whole point 137 00:08:16,880 --> 00:08:20,040 Speaker 1: of infecting a host cell. If all the virus wants 138 00:08:20,080 --> 00:08:23,280 Speaker 1: to do is reproduce, but it can't reproduce, that's where 139 00:08:23,280 --> 00:08:25,840 Speaker 1: the host cell comes in. That's right, They basically move 140 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:29,440 Speaker 1: into the factory with and say we're going to use 141 00:08:29,480 --> 00:08:33,600 Speaker 1: your equipment. They're like, there's gonna be some big changes 142 00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:37,440 Speaker 1: around here because there's a new sheriff in town. And 143 00:08:38,480 --> 00:08:41,160 Speaker 1: the virus although all rirus just don't kill people, we 144 00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:43,960 Speaker 1: should point that out. No, And so it depending on 145 00:08:44,920 --> 00:08:50,720 Speaker 1: what kind of virus it is, whether it's naked or enveloped. UM, 146 00:08:50,760 --> 00:08:53,760 Speaker 1: it will attach itself to the to the host cell 147 00:08:54,240 --> 00:08:56,920 Speaker 1: and either inject it. If it's naked, it has to 148 00:08:56,960 --> 00:09:00,600 Speaker 1: stay outside the host cell and basically in x it's 149 00:09:00,800 --> 00:09:05,840 Speaker 1: um genetic material into the host cell. Or if it's enveloped, 150 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:11,240 Speaker 1: that fat lipid coding that that makes it an enveloped 151 00:09:11,360 --> 00:09:16,600 Speaker 1: virus basically connects to the host cell's own fat lipid 152 00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:20,800 Speaker 1: coding and that protein codd virus can basically slip through, 153 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:25,240 Speaker 1: just absorb right into the cell and say tada when 154 00:09:25,240 --> 00:09:27,640 Speaker 1: it makes it on the inside. Yeah. Is that what 155 00:09:27,679 --> 00:09:31,400 Speaker 1: an antigen is? I think that's the protein that has 156 00:09:31,440 --> 00:09:36,640 Speaker 1: to match like the antigen looks for another like protein 157 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:38,960 Speaker 1: so it can get that type bond and if they 158 00:09:39,080 --> 00:09:41,160 Speaker 1: and if they're not similar enough, they can't bond and 159 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:43,840 Speaker 1: infect that cell. Be wrong. In that is that right? 160 00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:46,839 Speaker 1: I don't know if that's the it sounds right, and 161 00:09:47,520 --> 00:09:49,360 Speaker 1: the reason it sounds right because I saw elsewhere in 162 00:09:49,360 --> 00:09:53,920 Speaker 1: the research that, um, that's why viruses go after specific 163 00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:57,960 Speaker 1: kinds of cells there there. Um, that's they recognize the 164 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:01,240 Speaker 1: type of cells that they're capable of infecting. Right, and say, 165 00:10:01,240 --> 00:10:04,000 Speaker 1: I can bind to you very tightly, my friend. Exactly, 166 00:10:04,720 --> 00:10:07,640 Speaker 1: So let's dance exactly all right, right after this message, 167 00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:09,800 Speaker 1: we are going to get down to the nitty gritty 168 00:10:09,800 --> 00:10:13,520 Speaker 1: on what happens once they have bound themselves to that cell. 169 00:10:22,880 --> 00:10:25,120 Speaker 1: All right, Josh, they moved into the cell. They like 170 00:10:25,240 --> 00:10:28,280 Speaker 1: the looks of it. It's a nice open concept floor plan, 171 00:10:29,160 --> 00:10:33,120 Speaker 1: which everyone loves these days. What happens from there, well, 172 00:10:33,160 --> 00:10:35,520 Speaker 1: it depends on the virus. So let's say it was 173 00:10:35,559 --> 00:10:38,920 Speaker 1: one that injected it. It's got its genetic material floating around. 174 00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:42,520 Speaker 1: Maybe there's an enzyme that's assisting the genetic material, or 175 00:10:42,559 --> 00:10:46,240 Speaker 1: if the virus itself showed up, um, it's releasing its 176 00:10:46,280 --> 00:10:49,200 Speaker 1: genetic material all over the place. But basically what happened 177 00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:53,160 Speaker 1: that sounds pretty cross. Well, it is pretty gross. It 178 00:10:53,200 --> 00:10:56,280 Speaker 1: happens exactly like it like you think, yeah, um, but 179 00:10:56,480 --> 00:11:01,840 Speaker 1: the Once inside the cell, you'll see a lot that 180 00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:07,080 Speaker 1: the virus hijacks the cells um processes. Yeah, like hey, 181 00:11:07,080 --> 00:11:09,280 Speaker 1: we need to use your deal because we don't have 182 00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:13,360 Speaker 1: our own exactly. Um, they're not. The reason people use 183 00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:16,120 Speaker 1: the word hijack is because it really gets the point across, 184 00:11:16,160 --> 00:11:22,439 Speaker 1: but it's also because science isn't on how viruses do it, 185 00:11:22,640 --> 00:11:25,680 Speaker 1: and they they What they think basically is that if 186 00:11:25,679 --> 00:11:31,319 Speaker 1: there's an accompanying enzyme or something, the enzymes basically wait 187 00:11:31,400 --> 00:11:35,000 Speaker 1: for a line of other enzymes the cell zone enzymes 188 00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:37,480 Speaker 1: to go past, and then it grabs the last one 189 00:11:37,480 --> 00:11:40,320 Speaker 1: in the line that old trick, hits it over the head, 190 00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:46,000 Speaker 1: hypnotizes it basically, and then sends it back out to 191 00:11:46,080 --> 00:11:49,760 Speaker 1: go recruit other enzymes, and then all of a sudden, 192 00:11:49,800 --> 00:11:52,640 Speaker 1: the cell is it's enzymes, it's workers. If you think 193 00:11:52,640 --> 00:11:55,600 Speaker 1: of the enzymes is like the workers in the cell um. 194 00:11:55,840 --> 00:11:59,040 Speaker 1: They're all working for this virus, and the cells like 195 00:11:59,080 --> 00:12:02,520 Speaker 1: what the hecks going on? It's too late. The enzymes 196 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:08,480 Speaker 1: are focused on transcribing the DNA, which ultimately just makes 197 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:11,920 Speaker 1: more DNA or RNA for the virus, and then assembling 198 00:12:11,960 --> 00:12:14,679 Speaker 1: it with proteins that the enzymes are now making, so 199 00:12:14,720 --> 00:12:17,400 Speaker 1: they're now making more and more and more viruses. It's 200 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:19,840 Speaker 1: a hostile takeover. It is very much a hostile takeover. 201 00:12:20,120 --> 00:12:23,120 Speaker 1: That's one way to go. There's another thing called a retrovirus, 202 00:12:23,160 --> 00:12:25,680 Speaker 1: which I'm a huge fan of. Some of the worst 203 00:12:25,760 --> 00:12:29,440 Speaker 1: viruses around a retroviruses, which is ironic because they actually 204 00:12:29,480 --> 00:12:33,640 Speaker 1: have the um softest impact on the host cell. But 205 00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:40,280 Speaker 1: a retrovirus goes in very quietly, hangs around and yeah, 206 00:12:40,400 --> 00:12:45,040 Speaker 1: because HIV is a retrovirus, UM, so is uh. I 207 00:12:45,080 --> 00:12:49,280 Speaker 1: think a flu flues a retrovirus too, I think um. 208 00:12:49,400 --> 00:12:51,880 Speaker 1: But it goes in and it it just inserts its 209 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:56,600 Speaker 1: DNA into the cells DNA. So it's like, yeah, go 210 00:12:56,640 --> 00:12:59,200 Speaker 1: about your business or whatever. But now there's this extra 211 00:12:59,360 --> 00:13:02,480 Speaker 1: sequence that when you go over it and you transcribe 212 00:13:02,520 --> 00:13:05,080 Speaker 1: it and you do what this this um DNA or 213 00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:07,800 Speaker 1: this genetic material is telling you to do to make 214 00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:12,000 Speaker 1: you're gonna also, as a byproduct, spit out um viruses. 215 00:13:12,280 --> 00:13:16,880 Speaker 1: So it's just duplicating itself, it is. So that's there's 216 00:13:16,920 --> 00:13:18,640 Speaker 1: a lot of different things that can go on. But 217 00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:22,160 Speaker 1: it's like you said, there's a hostile takeover, or the 218 00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:26,440 Speaker 1: cell is tricked into making more viruses. But what happens 219 00:13:26,520 --> 00:13:28,880 Speaker 1: is more and more and more and more viruses are 220 00:13:28,880 --> 00:13:32,520 Speaker 1: being made within the host cell, which can be pretty 221 00:13:32,559 --> 00:13:36,559 Speaker 1: bad for the hostel. Ultimately, well yeah, because eventually the 222 00:13:36,640 --> 00:13:38,959 Speaker 1: virus is gonna leave, and they can either if it's 223 00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:41,880 Speaker 1: a naked virus, it'll bust out and just destroy the 224 00:13:41,920 --> 00:13:44,360 Speaker 1: host cell and be like, hey, I'm tired of your 225 00:13:44,559 --> 00:13:48,200 Speaker 1: little apartment. I'm just gonna burn it down because I'm 226 00:13:48,200 --> 00:13:50,560 Speaker 1: my own thing now and I can live on my 227 00:13:50,600 --> 00:13:55,240 Speaker 1: own um. Or if it's an envelope virus, and it'll 228 00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:58,680 Speaker 1: just kind of pinch away and keep that protective cell 229 00:13:58,720 --> 00:14:01,240 Speaker 1: membrane and just be like, well fine, I'll just take 230 00:14:01,320 --> 00:14:03,520 Speaker 1: my stuff and then leave and you're free to do 231 00:14:03,559 --> 00:14:06,440 Speaker 1: what you want. Right. Well, that's another reason why retroviruses 232 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:09,400 Speaker 1: are easy on the host cell is because all retroviruses 233 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:13,840 Speaker 1: are enveloped viruses. So these new newly made viruses just 234 00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:18,360 Speaker 1: moved to the outside membrane and bud off. And then 235 00:14:19,040 --> 00:14:22,440 Speaker 1: what happens when they bud off or when the cell 236 00:14:22,520 --> 00:14:26,120 Speaker 1: breaks open because there's so many new viruses, it ruptures 237 00:14:26,120 --> 00:14:29,160 Speaker 1: the cell. It's just pretty horrific if you think about it. 238 00:14:29,960 --> 00:14:35,400 Speaker 1: UM all of a sudden, you're contagious. Yeah, and it's 239 00:14:35,880 --> 00:14:38,560 Speaker 1: duplicating and spreading all throughout your body at a pretty 240 00:14:38,600 --> 00:14:42,520 Speaker 1: rapid rate. Lots of these guys. So let's let's look 241 00:14:42,560 --> 00:14:45,240 Speaker 1: at your well, let's look at you. For instance, what 242 00:14:45,560 --> 00:14:48,280 Speaker 1: have you got right now? I got something some sort 243 00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:57,320 Speaker 1: of viral infection, not the flu, probably, Yeah, you achy, fevery, no, no, feverish? 244 00:14:57,320 --> 00:15:01,320 Speaker 1: I mean, uh so what do you What do I have? Doc? Well, 245 00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:03,880 Speaker 1: I would say you have a cold, But I had 246 00:15:03,880 --> 00:15:06,720 Speaker 1: a cold that that turned into a sinus infection. I 247 00:15:06,760 --> 00:15:08,600 Speaker 1: may have one of those. From the color of the 248 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:10,480 Speaker 1: stuff that's coming out of my nose, I would say 249 00:15:10,480 --> 00:15:13,120 Speaker 1: I probably have a sizes infection. Yes. Would you describe 250 00:15:13,120 --> 00:15:16,320 Speaker 1: it as a khaki? Uh? I would describe it as 251 00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:20,000 Speaker 1: a drab all of oh Man, way worse than khaki. 252 00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:23,200 Speaker 1: When I was sick a couple of weeks ago, I 253 00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:27,680 Speaker 1: had some serious, bright, bright, almost fluorescent yellow coming out, 254 00:15:28,200 --> 00:15:31,960 Speaker 1: which is all very gratifying to get rid of, either 255 00:15:32,040 --> 00:15:34,120 Speaker 1: with your netty potter just blowing your nose or whatever. 256 00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:36,840 Speaker 1: I've been potting like a madman. Yeah, you know, you 257 00:15:36,880 --> 00:15:40,360 Speaker 1: can overdo that when you're sick. Apparently, Yeah, I can 258 00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:45,120 Speaker 1: imagine because this just the salt. Too much salt up there, 259 00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:48,120 Speaker 1: and I think just fluid, like unless you really really 260 00:15:48,120 --> 00:15:51,400 Speaker 1: get it all out. Uh, it's better like you need 261 00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:54,640 Speaker 1: to dry out completely in between. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I 262 00:15:54,760 --> 00:15:58,320 Speaker 1: definitely all right. We'll just take two of these and 263 00:15:58,360 --> 00:15:59,760 Speaker 1: come back and see me next week. Well you're a 264 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:02,400 Speaker 1: ignosing what was going on? Well, you've got a cold, 265 00:16:02,440 --> 00:16:06,000 Speaker 1: I think, um, but let's say you're in the office. 266 00:16:06,640 --> 00:16:09,000 Speaker 1: I think we should make this as real as possible. 267 00:16:09,040 --> 00:16:11,360 Speaker 1: I was. Let's say that I'm hanging out with my 268 00:16:11,480 --> 00:16:13,920 Speaker 1: sweet little four year old niece, who herself has a cold. 269 00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:18,280 Speaker 1: She the she the person. I don't want to name names, 270 00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:22,240 Speaker 1: but I think she's that. She's on your list now. 271 00:16:23,520 --> 00:16:26,520 Speaker 1: So alright, So your little niece probably sneezed or something, 272 00:16:27,160 --> 00:16:29,000 Speaker 1: or just put her dirty little hands all over your 273 00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:32,280 Speaker 1: face because she loves Uncle Josh. She she has her 274 00:16:32,360 --> 00:16:34,760 Speaker 1: dad would not allow her to have dirty hands. Okay, 275 00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:39,360 Speaker 1: I think she's probably confident around me. Uh. And what 276 00:16:39,440 --> 00:16:42,720 Speaker 1: you probably did was inhaled a virus particle, and that 277 00:16:42,800 --> 00:16:46,160 Speaker 1: probably attached to your the linings of your nasal passages, 278 00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:49,640 Speaker 1: your sinuses, because apparently there's basically only three ways that 279 00:16:49,680 --> 00:16:53,200 Speaker 1: a virus gets into your body. You inhale it uh, 280 00:16:53,520 --> 00:16:56,560 Speaker 1: attaches to your mucous membranes like your nose or your 281 00:16:56,640 --> 00:17:00,320 Speaker 1: gums or something, or enters through a break in skin. 282 00:17:00,800 --> 00:17:03,760 Speaker 1: That's right, So your host cell is gonna break open, 283 00:17:04,320 --> 00:17:06,800 Speaker 1: your virus is gonna move in there with and say 284 00:17:06,840 --> 00:17:09,520 Speaker 1: I'm gonna use your equipment like we talked about. Then 285 00:17:09,560 --> 00:17:13,560 Speaker 1: maybe travel to your bloodstream, travel to your lungs uh, 286 00:17:13,600 --> 00:17:16,040 Speaker 1: and you're gonna end up getting let's say maybe one 287 00:17:16,040 --> 00:17:18,800 Speaker 1: of the first signs as a running nose because you're 288 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:21,879 Speaker 1: losing cells in your sinuses and now that fluid is 289 00:17:21,920 --> 00:17:25,280 Speaker 1: gonna be loosened up as a result. Yeah, the nasal, 290 00:17:25,520 --> 00:17:29,240 Speaker 1: the literal cellular lining of my sinuses is being is 291 00:17:29,359 --> 00:17:32,159 Speaker 1: rupturing it under attack. Because here's the thing. When you 292 00:17:32,240 --> 00:17:34,400 Speaker 1: go through and look at like what a virus does, 293 00:17:34,480 --> 00:17:39,639 Speaker 1: you're looking at what one individual virian is doing. You 294 00:17:39,640 --> 00:17:42,760 Speaker 1: don't necessarily just pick up one individual viran. You can 295 00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:47,120 Speaker 1: be exposed to many, many, many virians and they are 296 00:17:47,320 --> 00:17:51,800 Speaker 1: each reproducing producing thousands more just in one cell. So 297 00:17:51,840 --> 00:17:54,879 Speaker 1: all this is going on, it can have a pronounced effect, 298 00:17:54,920 --> 00:17:57,959 Speaker 1: like if you just lost one cell your in your 299 00:17:58,040 --> 00:18:01,520 Speaker 1: nasal lining. It's not gonna do much. You're probably never 300 00:18:01,560 --> 00:18:04,080 Speaker 1: ever going to notice. But if you lose a ton 301 00:18:04,119 --> 00:18:06,199 Speaker 1: of the cells at the same time, you're gonna have 302 00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:08,680 Speaker 1: a runny nose. Yeah, or if it happens in your throat, 303 00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:12,000 Speaker 1: you're gonna have a sore throat. That's right. That's just fluid. 304 00:18:12,200 --> 00:18:15,080 Speaker 1: You know, it's attacking those cells in your throat and 305 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:18,920 Speaker 1: the lining, and it's dripping and just causing like a 306 00:18:19,680 --> 00:18:22,840 Speaker 1: usually some sort of inflammation. Yeah. And those because those 307 00:18:22,960 --> 00:18:26,960 Speaker 1: ruptured cells are being carried down by your nose juice 308 00:18:27,080 --> 00:18:30,080 Speaker 1: to the back of your throat, which is turn That's 309 00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:34,840 Speaker 1: what I was raised on. It's in turn um those juice, okay, 310 00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:39,359 Speaker 1: which in turn u and they attach an attack to 311 00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:42,800 Speaker 1: the cells lining your throat, and then this whole thing 312 00:18:42,920 --> 00:18:44,880 Speaker 1: is just going on and on and on again. Yeah. 313 00:18:44,920 --> 00:18:48,200 Speaker 1: If you've ever had aches and pains because of maybe 314 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:52,200 Speaker 1: a flu, that's because your muscle cells are being attacked. 315 00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:54,879 Speaker 1: And it sucks because you don't know that this is 316 00:18:54,880 --> 00:18:57,800 Speaker 1: going on at first, Like it's just this war being 317 00:18:57,840 --> 00:19:01,000 Speaker 1: wags inside your body and you're like, you know, hey, 318 00:19:01,119 --> 00:19:03,359 Speaker 1: I'm just going to the grocery store and I'm feeling 319 00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:05,600 Speaker 1: pretty good, and by the time you start to feel 320 00:19:05,640 --> 00:19:07,840 Speaker 1: it's too late, it is too late. I'm glad you 321 00:19:07,880 --> 00:19:10,080 Speaker 1: brought that up because I did a don't be dumb 322 00:19:10,240 --> 00:19:14,280 Speaker 1: on when you're actually contagious. Yeah, what's the final on that? 323 00:19:14,640 --> 00:19:18,560 Speaker 1: So it depends on it, does it vary? The how 324 00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:22,440 Speaker 1: long you're contagious varies, But when you start is a 325 00:19:22,440 --> 00:19:27,080 Speaker 1: about a day before you start showing symptoms. So like, 326 00:19:27,240 --> 00:19:30,280 Speaker 1: remember how I said, if you have one cell burst 327 00:19:30,359 --> 00:19:33,000 Speaker 1: and and you're not gonna notice it, it's gonna take 328 00:19:33,040 --> 00:19:35,159 Speaker 1: many many cells to burst before you finally have a 329 00:19:35,160 --> 00:19:38,040 Speaker 1: sore throat. Well, while those things are bursting, after that 330 00:19:38,160 --> 00:19:41,800 Speaker 1: first one bursts, you're contagious, buddy. So for a day 331 00:19:41,880 --> 00:19:46,040 Speaker 1: before you even know you're sick, you're walking around infecting 332 00:19:46,080 --> 00:19:49,320 Speaker 1: other people. With a cold, you go from the day 333 00:19:49,320 --> 00:19:53,120 Speaker 1: before symptoms to about four days after. And with the flu, 334 00:19:53,400 --> 00:19:56,359 Speaker 1: you go from the day before symptoms to five to 335 00:19:56,440 --> 00:20:00,040 Speaker 1: seven days after. So you can still be it. It 336 00:20:00,080 --> 00:20:02,199 Speaker 1: is true and people are like, I'm not contagious anymore. 337 00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:06,399 Speaker 1: They're usually probably totally wrong, But say they're flu last 338 00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:09,480 Speaker 1: eight days. If they say that on day eight, they're 339 00:20:09,560 --> 00:20:12,680 Speaker 1: they're actually right. Most people say it by like day 340 00:20:12,680 --> 00:20:15,399 Speaker 1: three or four or whatever that it's all right, Well 341 00:20:15,440 --> 00:20:18,800 Speaker 1: they need to watch Don't be dumb. Josh's award winning 342 00:20:18,840 --> 00:20:23,200 Speaker 1: web series so many awards, man, I think the next 343 00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:25,600 Speaker 1: award is gonna win. Is the most divisive web series 344 00:20:26,160 --> 00:20:28,400 Speaker 1: because half the people, more than half, I think, are like, man, 345 00:20:28,440 --> 00:20:31,120 Speaker 1: this is the best thing ever. People are like, oh, 346 00:20:31,240 --> 00:20:33,880 Speaker 1: good at why is Josh Acton so weird? And I'll 347 00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:37,159 Speaker 1: just respond with, yeah, you don't get it, and I 348 00:20:37,200 --> 00:20:39,840 Speaker 1: mean it's definitely not for everybody. I've learned. Well, it's 349 00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:43,439 Speaker 1: very funny, I think, Uh sure, So all right, and 350 00:20:43,640 --> 00:20:45,600 Speaker 1: we mentioned fever. We're going to talk about what that 351 00:20:45,720 --> 00:20:48,320 Speaker 1: is actually doing inside your body right for this break. 352 00:20:51,920 --> 00:20:54,040 Speaker 1: So it took. It turns out you asked me if 353 00:20:54,080 --> 00:20:57,159 Speaker 1: I if I feel feverish, and I don't. Apparently my 354 00:20:57,200 --> 00:21:00,440 Speaker 1: body is slacking on the immune response. Well, I think 355 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:03,280 Speaker 1: you don't always get the fever. But fever is a 356 00:21:03,320 --> 00:21:07,320 Speaker 1: good thing because your body is wired to operate optimally 357 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:10,280 Speaker 1: at ninety eight point six. Even though I heard that 358 00:21:10,359 --> 00:21:12,520 Speaker 1: was nine eight point seven, now is that right? Yeah, 359 00:21:12,560 --> 00:21:14,879 Speaker 1: I heard that. The they kind of abandoned that as 360 00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:18,000 Speaker 1: like an average body temperature because it varies enough between 361 00:21:18,200 --> 00:21:21,240 Speaker 1: human beings that they're they're like, now it's this between 362 00:21:21,240 --> 00:21:24,320 Speaker 1: this rather than point six. And if you don't have that, 363 00:21:24,560 --> 00:21:28,080 Speaker 1: you're sick to somewhere in that range, let's say, uh, 364 00:21:28,320 --> 00:21:31,560 Speaker 1: chemical reactions and basically anything going on your body just 365 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:34,600 Speaker 1: that's the temperature it likes. So when you get a fever, 366 00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:38,920 Speaker 1: it's actually slowing all those processes down, including the virus 367 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:42,000 Speaker 1: is spread, because it's like, oh man, it's hot, I 368 00:21:42,040 --> 00:21:46,119 Speaker 1: can't can't work as much, that's right, Uh, which is 369 00:21:46,200 --> 00:21:51,400 Speaker 1: kind of a weird, indirect, roundabout way of slowing a 370 00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:54,000 Speaker 1: fever down or slowing an infection down. Yeah, I mean, 371 00:21:54,119 --> 00:21:55,879 Speaker 1: I guess if it works. So it's good to have 372 00:21:55,920 --> 00:21:58,000 Speaker 1: a fever. It is good to have a fever, and 373 00:21:58,040 --> 00:22:02,960 Speaker 1: it's it actually makes sense in strange way because some infections, 374 00:22:02,960 --> 00:22:06,959 Speaker 1: some viruses attack the very cells that are meant to 375 00:22:07,480 --> 00:22:10,480 Speaker 1: mount the immune response. Like remember a bola it goes 376 00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:13,840 Speaker 1: right after like every immune response cell it can find. 377 00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:18,440 Speaker 1: HIV goes after T cells, which attack and destroy foreign bodies, 378 00:22:18,720 --> 00:22:22,399 Speaker 1: so to to slow them down and to slow the 379 00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:26,320 Speaker 1: spread so that the immune response can continue and mount 380 00:22:26,320 --> 00:22:29,600 Speaker 1: a full attack is kind of clever. Yeah, And and 381 00:22:29,680 --> 00:22:33,760 Speaker 1: since you mentioned HIV, it's it's another scary one because 382 00:22:34,320 --> 00:22:37,679 Speaker 1: it's one of those viruses that can just lay in 383 00:22:37,760 --> 00:22:41,000 Speaker 1: wait and they even call it sleeping it some sometimes, 384 00:22:41,040 --> 00:22:44,119 Speaker 1: you know, like it's not obvious you could have HIV 385 00:22:44,440 --> 00:22:47,359 Speaker 1: and be spreading HIV without ever feeling any kind of 386 00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:52,480 Speaker 1: sick or any kind of symptoms, and um, basically eventually 387 00:22:53,800 --> 00:22:56,520 Speaker 1: that virus is gonna do its thing. You know, it 388 00:22:56,560 --> 00:23:00,359 Speaker 1: could lay in wait for years even without without acting right. 389 00:23:00,400 --> 00:23:03,480 Speaker 1: And then it depends on the virus. But they figure 390 00:23:03,520 --> 00:23:07,480 Speaker 1: that there's some sort of environmental trigger. One I saw 391 00:23:07,640 --> 00:23:10,640 Speaker 1: was like exposure to UV blight or something like that. 392 00:23:10,680 --> 00:23:14,840 Speaker 1: But it's the same thing herpies as a virus like 393 00:23:14,880 --> 00:23:18,600 Speaker 1: that it sleeps, which is why people who have like 394 00:23:18,640 --> 00:23:23,520 Speaker 1: say herpie simplex don't always have um cold source. It'll 395 00:23:23,560 --> 00:23:25,640 Speaker 1: just flare up, right, it will flare up. And they 396 00:23:25,760 --> 00:23:28,200 Speaker 1: often say, like in times of stress or something like that, Well, 397 00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:31,640 Speaker 1: the virus isn't like this person is stressed out, let's go. 398 00:23:32,160 --> 00:23:37,639 Speaker 1: There's probably cortisol triggers the virus to start reproducing. But 399 00:23:37,720 --> 00:23:40,600 Speaker 1: one of the one of the devious aspects of this 400 00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:45,160 Speaker 1: is when that when that virus sneaks in and inserts 401 00:23:45,240 --> 00:23:48,560 Speaker 1: it's d n A or RNA into the DNA of 402 00:23:48,600 --> 00:23:51,840 Speaker 1: the cell and just hang back and wait. Well, that 403 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:57,320 Speaker 1: cell is dividing as like normal again the virus unwittingly 404 00:23:57,560 --> 00:24:00,840 Speaker 1: right without the virus even being reproduced, and now set 405 00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:04,200 Speaker 1: up to be reproduced rather than in just one cell, 406 00:24:04,640 --> 00:24:07,520 Speaker 1: now four or eight or sixteen or thirty two. And 407 00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,439 Speaker 1: then all hell breaks loose when all of them start 408 00:24:10,480 --> 00:24:12,800 Speaker 1: going at the same time because they were all exposed 409 00:24:12,800 --> 00:24:17,640 Speaker 1: to cortisol. That's what I'm saying. Yeah, viruses are amazingly 410 00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:23,760 Speaker 1: interesting and wicked, wicked, wicked things. Um So here are 411 00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:27,520 Speaker 1: some tips the way on. You know, if your office 412 00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:31,600 Speaker 1: is sick or you're around your four year old niece. Uh, 413 00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:34,159 Speaker 1: here's some tips from your buddies here to keep you 414 00:24:34,160 --> 00:24:37,159 Speaker 1: from getting sick. You know that there are carrier organisms 415 00:24:37,200 --> 00:24:40,000 Speaker 1: like mosquitoes and fleas. They can spread viruses. We know 416 00:24:40,040 --> 00:24:43,200 Speaker 1: it can be airborne. We already talked about bodily fluids, 417 00:24:43,200 --> 00:24:47,159 Speaker 1: whether that's nose juice or saliva or blood or semen 418 00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:50,879 Speaker 1: or vaginal secretions as one way you can get a 419 00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:55,800 Speaker 1: direct transfer. Uh. Surfaces on which bodily fluids have dried, 420 00:24:56,760 --> 00:24:59,879 Speaker 1: which is kind of scary to think about. Yeah, you know, 421 00:25:00,840 --> 00:25:03,840 Speaker 1: you want to keep all those secretions like off of 422 00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:06,800 Speaker 1: the surfaces because the virus can live outside of the 423 00:25:06,840 --> 00:25:09,600 Speaker 1: body for a while. Apparently flu virus can live for 424 00:25:09,640 --> 00:25:12,199 Speaker 1: seven days just on the surface. Yeah, that's why I like, 425 00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:15,000 Speaker 1: you sneeze in your hand and you open the door 426 00:25:15,480 --> 00:25:18,640 Speaker 1: to your office, then there's there could be a little 427 00:25:18,720 --> 00:25:22,480 Speaker 1: virus on that door knob and um, that's why they 428 00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:25,400 Speaker 1: super advise. And one of the things that we're advising 429 00:25:25,400 --> 00:25:27,880 Speaker 1: now is to wash your hands a lot if you're 430 00:25:27,920 --> 00:25:30,959 Speaker 1: sick or if you know that there are sickness around you. 431 00:25:31,720 --> 00:25:35,600 Speaker 1: Like I wouldn't be Howard Hughes about it, but I 432 00:25:35,680 --> 00:25:37,840 Speaker 1: wash my hands a lot when I know that there's 433 00:25:37,920 --> 00:25:40,520 Speaker 1: viruses going around. I started washing my hands a lot 434 00:25:40,560 --> 00:25:43,200 Speaker 1: more once I've found out or was told what you're 435 00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:46,040 Speaker 1: actually doing when you're washing your hand, Um, you're not 436 00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:50,200 Speaker 1: actually killing anything on your hands, any germs. What you're 437 00:25:50,200 --> 00:25:54,040 Speaker 1: doing by introducing soap is you're creating something that will 438 00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:57,919 Speaker 1: basically go and cling to germs on your hands, and 439 00:25:57,960 --> 00:26:00,680 Speaker 1: then when you wash off the soap, you're washing the germs. 440 00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:03,359 Speaker 1: So you're not like waging war or anything like that. 441 00:26:03,480 --> 00:26:07,160 Speaker 1: You're basically just rinsing your hands clean. Literally. So once 442 00:26:07,200 --> 00:26:09,480 Speaker 1: once I realized that, I was like, oh yeah, watching 443 00:26:09,680 --> 00:26:12,399 Speaker 1: washing hands makes a lot of sense, because before that 444 00:26:12,520 --> 00:26:16,199 Speaker 1: I was like, something doesn't do anything. Yeah, like and 445 00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:18,840 Speaker 1: I don't even use antibacterial soap as a rule, but 446 00:26:19,160 --> 00:26:21,960 Speaker 1: so I was like, it's definitely not doing anything. Now 447 00:26:22,040 --> 00:26:25,400 Speaker 1: I'm like, it is doing something. So let's wash our 448 00:26:25,440 --> 00:26:29,119 Speaker 1: hands as often as possible. That's a good idea, and 449 00:26:29,200 --> 00:26:32,879 Speaker 1: a really long T shirt. If you are sick, you're 450 00:26:32,960 --> 00:26:36,159 Speaker 1: going to want to cover your mouth when you sneeze 451 00:26:36,200 --> 00:26:41,280 Speaker 1: and cough, because that's just common decency. UM. You want 452 00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:44,760 Speaker 1: to avoid contact with anyone else's bodily fluids, whether you're 453 00:26:44,760 --> 00:26:48,280 Speaker 1: sick or not, and whether they're sick or not. It's 454 00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:51,000 Speaker 1: just you don't want to have anyone else's bodily fluids 455 00:26:51,040 --> 00:26:53,960 Speaker 1: on your in you unless you know you're like married 456 00:26:54,040 --> 00:26:58,159 Speaker 1: or something, right then unless you really love that person, 457 00:26:58,240 --> 00:27:02,320 Speaker 1: then fluids are welcome. Uh. And antibiotics and this this 458 00:27:02,400 --> 00:27:05,920 Speaker 1: thing's gotten blue a few times. It's a very sexy show. Yeah, 459 00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:10,119 Speaker 1: sexy virus. Uh, antibiotics aren't gonna help with um A 460 00:27:10,240 --> 00:27:14,560 Speaker 1: viral infection that is obviously for bacterial infections only. Yes, 461 00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:17,840 Speaker 1: But it occurred to me, chuck that if you you 462 00:27:17,880 --> 00:27:24,240 Speaker 1: could cure a viral infection, if in a bacteria with antibiotics, 463 00:27:24,440 --> 00:27:27,560 Speaker 1: it would be kind of like euthanasia, but it would 464 00:27:27,560 --> 00:27:31,720 Speaker 1: cure the viral infection. That's good point. Bacteria infective with 465 00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:35,240 Speaker 1: the virus. That's how tough viruses are. And we have 466 00:27:35,359 --> 00:27:39,760 Speaker 1: no idea how they originated or where they came from. 467 00:27:39,880 --> 00:27:42,119 Speaker 1: We don't. We just know they're super old, and the 468 00:27:42,119 --> 00:27:45,960 Speaker 1: ones that are the oldest are the ones that kill 469 00:27:46,080 --> 00:27:49,960 Speaker 1: the least. Yeah, if you think about it, a virus 470 00:27:50,200 --> 00:27:55,240 Speaker 1: would just by right of natural selection evolved to be 471 00:27:55,320 --> 00:27:59,119 Speaker 1: able to reproduce without killing the host, because if the 472 00:27:59,160 --> 00:28:02,320 Speaker 1: hosts serve wives, then that just increases the chances of 473 00:28:02,359 --> 00:28:05,080 Speaker 1: the virus to be spread from most most Right, So 474 00:28:05,640 --> 00:28:08,720 Speaker 1: a really deadly virus is probably newer as far as 475 00:28:09,080 --> 00:28:14,600 Speaker 1: humanity is concerned. And a virus that can infect more organism, 476 00:28:14,680 --> 00:28:18,280 Speaker 1: more types of organisms, like one that could make grass 477 00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:22,520 Speaker 1: sick but also make a human sick, that's probably a 478 00:28:22,520 --> 00:28:27,800 Speaker 1: pretty old virus. Old virus just sounds intimidating. Well, we 479 00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:31,280 Speaker 1: have like basically what amounts to fossilized viruses in our 480 00:28:31,359 --> 00:28:34,600 Speaker 1: DNA from all those viruses, those retroviruses that came in 481 00:28:34,600 --> 00:28:38,160 Speaker 1: inserted as genetic material, and our body learned to mount 482 00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:41,280 Speaker 1: a defense against them. But that that stuff is still 483 00:28:41,320 --> 00:28:46,360 Speaker 1: in the human genome. Viruses they're there are also immunizations, 484 00:28:46,400 --> 00:28:50,040 Speaker 1: of course, and you know how they work. They pre 485 00:28:50,120 --> 00:28:52,280 Speaker 1: infect your body so it knows you know how to 486 00:28:52,360 --> 00:28:56,040 Speaker 1: mount the the fight against it, to make sure it 487 00:28:56,080 --> 00:28:58,360 Speaker 1: has all the right equipment. It's like putting up wanted 488 00:28:58,360 --> 00:29:02,600 Speaker 1: posters in your body. Yeah, but those virus has changed slightly, 489 00:29:02,800 --> 00:29:04,960 Speaker 1: ever so slightly enough to where you have to keep 490 00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:08,600 Speaker 1: updating these vaccines so you know it keeps working well, yeah, 491 00:29:09,080 --> 00:29:13,160 Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, they evolve fairly quickly. Um. Lastly, check, 492 00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:16,240 Speaker 1: I want to address something. There is a I guess 493 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:19,520 Speaker 1: a misconception or urban legend or whatever that you can 494 00:29:19,520 --> 00:29:21,880 Speaker 1: tell where there you have a viral infection or a 495 00:29:21,880 --> 00:29:25,800 Speaker 1: bacterial infection um or what kind of virus you have 496 00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:28,840 Speaker 1: based on the color of your mucus. We talked about 497 00:29:29,240 --> 00:29:33,320 Speaker 1: fluorescent or something like that. They they don't in and 498 00:29:33,320 --> 00:29:37,720 Speaker 1: of themselves relate to a specific type of virus or 499 00:29:37,960 --> 00:29:41,760 Speaker 1: bacterial or viral infection or anything like that. It's not true. 500 00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:44,720 Speaker 1: So that's viruses. Yeah, I got nothing else. It is 501 00:29:44,720 --> 00:29:47,840 Speaker 1: good to know how this stuff works out because, um, 502 00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:50,360 Speaker 1: you know, when you get sick, you understand a little better. 503 00:29:50,400 --> 00:29:53,920 Speaker 1: Maybe you can mentally fight the stuff more effectively. I'm 504 00:29:53,920 --> 00:29:56,000 Speaker 1: doing it right now. You see how I'm bleeding from 505 00:29:56,000 --> 00:29:57,840 Speaker 1: my scalp. Oh my god, I'm using a lot of 506 00:29:57,840 --> 00:30:00,560 Speaker 1: mental power. It's amazing. If you want to know more 507 00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:03,680 Speaker 1: about viruses, you can start by typing that word into 508 00:30:03,720 --> 00:30:06,600 Speaker 1: the search bar at how stuff works dot com and 509 00:30:06,680 --> 00:30:09,320 Speaker 1: it will bring up this cool article. And I said 510 00:30:09,360 --> 00:30:14,200 Speaker 1: how stuff works. So it's time for listener meal. I'm 511 00:30:14,200 --> 00:30:18,360 Speaker 1: gonna call this Headstones. My name is George Gilbert. I'm 512 00:30:18,400 --> 00:30:21,280 Speaker 1: a new but enthusiastic fan from the University of Washington, 513 00:30:22,040 --> 00:30:25,920 Speaker 1: Go Huskies. I was listening to your Tombstones podcast, and 514 00:30:25,920 --> 00:30:28,680 Speaker 1: I want to say that the move to churchyard burials 515 00:30:28,720 --> 00:30:31,440 Speaker 1: is a bit more complicated than you implied. Uh. If 516 00:30:31,480 --> 00:30:34,280 Speaker 1: I remember correctly, burials and churchyards began mostly as a 517 00:30:34,320 --> 00:30:38,040 Speaker 1: common practice because of the plague. Churches would sell spots 518 00:30:38,080 --> 00:30:40,840 Speaker 1: for burial within the church itself, in the walls and 519 00:30:40,880 --> 00:30:44,160 Speaker 1: the floors et cetera. Because there was a common belief 520 00:30:44,240 --> 00:30:45,960 Speaker 1: during the Middle Ages that being buried in the church 521 00:30:46,040 --> 00:30:48,840 Speaker 1: was being very closer to God. And if you're very 522 00:30:48,840 --> 00:30:50,680 Speaker 1: closer to God, the better off you're going to be 523 00:30:50,680 --> 00:30:54,440 Speaker 1: in the afterlife, the reasoning goes, many people would actually 524 00:30:54,480 --> 00:30:57,120 Speaker 1: get spots within their local church to be buried, or 525 00:30:57,160 --> 00:30:59,320 Speaker 1: at least very close to the walls outside. During the 526 00:30:59,320 --> 00:31:01,960 Speaker 1: plague gears sow Over, the amount of bodies accumulated to 527 00:31:02,040 --> 00:31:03,960 Speaker 1: be buried became too much, and they began to bury 528 00:31:03,960 --> 00:31:07,200 Speaker 1: people further outside the church, even if they had paid 529 00:31:07,200 --> 00:31:10,360 Speaker 1: for a spot inside. I read a great book on 530 00:31:10,400 --> 00:31:12,760 Speaker 1: death in London through the Ages that talked about it 531 00:31:13,120 --> 00:31:17,680 Speaker 1: that was called Necropolis. Highly recommend it. So thanks for 532 00:31:17,720 --> 00:31:19,760 Speaker 1: teaching me such awesome stuff, guys, I can now ask 533 00:31:19,800 --> 00:31:22,960 Speaker 1: my mother in law intelligent questions about growing up in 534 00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:26,960 Speaker 1: Germany during the Cold War thanks to your Berlin Wall program. 535 00:31:27,160 --> 00:31:31,479 Speaker 1: Nice And that is from Georgia. That was fascinating. The plague, 536 00:31:31,480 --> 00:31:34,760 Speaker 1: by the way, it was bacterial, not viral. In case 537 00:31:34,760 --> 00:31:37,320 Speaker 1: anybody was wondering like me, Yeah, we did one of 538 00:31:37,360 --> 00:31:41,520 Speaker 1: the plague, right, we did? Ye black death or black plague. Yeah, anyway, 539 00:31:41,960 --> 00:31:44,920 Speaker 1: who is that again, Georgia. Thanks a lot, Georgia. We 540 00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:47,600 Speaker 1: appreciate that that was a great email. Uh. If you 541 00:31:47,640 --> 00:31:50,040 Speaker 1: have a great email, you can try to tweet it 542 00:31:50,040 --> 00:31:52,840 Speaker 1: to us if it's short at s Y s K podcast. 543 00:31:53,120 --> 00:31:55,080 Speaker 1: You can post it on Facebook if you like, at 544 00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:58,200 Speaker 1: Facebook dot com, slash stuff you Should Know, or you 545 00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:00,560 Speaker 1: can send us an email like a normal person, to 546 00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:04,800 Speaker 1: stuff podcast at how stuff works dot com, and as always, 547 00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:07,080 Speaker 1: in the meantime, hang out with us at our hold 548 00:32:07,160 --> 00:32:14,480 Speaker 1: on the web, Stuff you Should Know dot com. For 549 00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:16,880 Speaker 1: more on this and thousands of other topics, is it 550 00:32:16,960 --> 00:32:25,400 Speaker 1: how stuff Works dot com.