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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm to blaying a charkerboarding and I'm fair DOUTI. And

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Speaker 1: if you're a fan of the Wild West, or maybe

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Speaker 1: if you've just watched a lot of TV as a kid,

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Speaker 1: you're probably at least sort of familiar with the character

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Speaker 1: of the Lone Ranger, a fictional renegade lawman who roamed

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Speaker 1: the American West trying to help people fight bad guys

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Speaker 1: and enact justice. And the same character has been featured

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Speaker 1: in a number of ways on the radio, on TV shows,

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Speaker 1: and in movies, and in all of those cases, his

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Speaker 1: overall story has been pretty similar. He's a guy named

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Speaker 1: John Reid who's part of a group of six Texas Rangers.

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Speaker 1: One day, five of his group are killed by outlaws,

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Speaker 1: and Read survives and is rescued by a Native American

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Speaker 1: named Tonto. After Tonto nurses him back to health, Read

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Speaker 1: makes himself a black Mass and becomes the Lone Ranger.

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Speaker 1: Most representations of the Lone Ranger also feature that unmistakable

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Speaker 1: theme song of the William tell overture. Let's take a

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Speaker 1: listen to that song, So hopefully that got you guys

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Speaker 1: in the mood for this podcast. And another common point

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Speaker 1: that you'll see in most representations of the Lone Ranger

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Speaker 1: is that it's usually played by a white actor, but

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Speaker 1: there are many who believe their inspiration for the Lone

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Speaker 1: Ranger character was actually a man named Bass Reeves who

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Speaker 1: was not only black, he was a former slave. So

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Speaker 1: is who became a US Deputy Marshal is known as

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Speaker 1: one of the first black lawmen west of the Mississippi

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Speaker 1: River and also one of the bravest and best law

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Speaker 1: men as well. In fact, he's been called one of

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Speaker 1: the bravest men this country has ever known, So in

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Speaker 1: that sense, it's not too hard to see how he

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Speaker 1: would have inspired the Lone Ranger character. However, Reid's life

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Speaker 1: wasn't entirely without controversy. He had more than one incident

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Speaker 1: that almost compromised his reputation in his position as an

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Speaker 1: upholder of the law. But it's those sort of gray

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Speaker 1: areas that some might say make him all the more interesting.

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Speaker 1: So we're going to take a look at reeves story

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Speaker 1: and some of his most famous adventures. But first we're

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Speaker 1: gonna look at how as a black man in the

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Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds, he became a deputy marshal in the first place.

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Speaker 1: So Bass Reeves was born into slavery in around July

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Speaker 1: thirty eight in either Texas or Arkansas. And we should

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Speaker 1: say here that a lot of the deep these details

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Speaker 1: about his life, especially about Reeve's early life, are kind

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Speaker 1: of sketchy. A lot of them derived from oral history

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Speaker 1: that's been passed along throughout the year. So perhaps it's

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Speaker 1: only fitting that we start out with one of these

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Speaker 1: more debatable facts. Some historians believe he was born near

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Speaker 1: Van Buren, Arkansas, while others think it's more likely he

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Speaker 1: was born in Paris, Texas. One thing we do know, though,

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Speaker 1: was that Reeves and his parents were owned by a

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Speaker 1: man named William S. Reeves, who was a farmer and

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Speaker 1: a politician. That's where he got his last name from,

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Speaker 1: of course, And according to the Oxford African American Study Center,

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Speaker 1: Reeves worked in the cotton fields as a water boy

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Speaker 1: when he was young, and that's where he started hearing

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Speaker 1: adventurous stories and these songs about black outlaws. And not

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Speaker 1: too much is known about rubs parents, but apparently it

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Speaker 1: really worried his mother that her young son was so

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Speaker 1: enthralled with violence and guns and these less than upstanding men,

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Speaker 1: maybe a little afraid her boy would become an outlaw

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Speaker 1: himself by the time the Civil War broke out, though

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Speaker 1: in eighteen sixty one, Reeves was working as the personal

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Speaker 1: servant of William Reeves's son, George Reeves, who was a

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Speaker 1: colonel in the Confederate Army and organized the eleventh Cavalry

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Speaker 1: Regiment for Grayson County, Texas. What exactly happened to Bass

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Speaker 1: Reid's during the war is a little bit sketchy, though

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Speaker 1: according to Encyclopedia Britannica, Reeves claimed to have served in

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Speaker 1: the battles of p Ridge, Chickamaugua, and Missionary Ridge under

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Speaker 1: Colonel George Reeves, but the Reeves family the slave owner

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Speaker 1: Reeves that is claimed, and many historians believe that Bass

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Speaker 1: Reeves actually ran away fairly early on in the war. Supposedly,

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Speaker 1: Bass and George got into an argument while they were

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Speaker 1: playing cards, and Bass attacked George, knocking him unconscious. But

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Speaker 1: by Texas law at that time, Bass Reeves could have

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Speaker 1: been killed for attacking his master like that, so he

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Speaker 1: took off for Indian Territory, and we talked a little

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Speaker 1: bit about Indian Territory and a podcast we did last

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Speaker 1: February called Who Was America's First Black Millionaires, which was

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Speaker 1: about a woman named Sarah Rector. In that episode, we

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Speaker 1: learned that Indian Territory in the eighteen hundreds was basically

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Speaker 1: in the area that would later become the state of Oklahoma.

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Speaker 1: In the early nineteen hundreds, black people who lived there

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Speaker 1: were in kind of an interesting position. Initially, Indian tribes

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Speaker 1: kept them as slaves, just as white people did elsewhere

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Speaker 1: in North America. But after something called the Treaty of

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Speaker 1: eighteen sixty six between the US government and the five

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Speaker 1: civilized tribes, which included the Creek, the Cherokee, the Choctaw,

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Speaker 1: the Chickasaw, and the Seminole, these tribes had to abolish

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Speaker 1: slavery and make the former slaves thereafter known as friedman

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Speaker 1: full members of their tribes that had quote equal interest

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Speaker 1: in the soil. So basically former slaves could own land,

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Speaker 1: and some even served as Indian policemen. So Indian Territory

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Speaker 1: was a great place for reeves to escape to after

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Speaker 1: supposedly attacking his master, probably for a lot of the

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Speaker 1: same reasons. It was a popular place for outlaws to

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Speaker 1: go and hide out in. Even after the war. There

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Speaker 1: just weren't a lot of towns and villages, and the

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Speaker 1: Indians there had jurisdiction over themselves. They weren't really subject

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Speaker 1: to US laws. They're so good place to go. So

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Speaker 1: Reeves went to Indian Territory, found refuge with the Creek

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Speaker 1: and Seminole Indians, and while he lived among them, he

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Speaker 1: really picked up their customs, became fluent in the languages.

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Speaker 1: That's been a theme of our recent podcastay And besides that, though,

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Speaker 1: besides going and living with Indians in Indian Territory, it's

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Speaker 1: sort of unclear what exactly Reeves did during the war.

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Speaker 1: According to an article by Art T. Burton in Wild West,

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Speaker 1: Reeves could have been part of the Union's first Indian

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Speaker 1: Home Guard Regiment under an Indian name, or he might

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Speaker 1: have even served with one of the guerrilla Union Indian bands.

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Speaker 1: Sometime following the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation, Reeves

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Speaker 1: left Indian Territory and settled in Van Buren, Arkansas. By

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Speaker 1: this time he had married a woman named Nellie Jenny,

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Speaker 1: who he ended up having ten kids, with five girls

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Speaker 1: and five boys. By the eighteen seventies, he was earning

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Speaker 1: a living as a farmer in a rancher and also

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Speaker 1: occasionally served as a guide for a deputy U. S.

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Speaker 1: Marshals who were going into Indian Territory to hunt for outlaws.

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Speaker 1: So his knowledge really came in handy there. Then, in

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Speaker 1: eighteen seventy five, Judge Isaac C. Parker took over the

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Speaker 1: Fort Smith Federal Court in Arkansas, and Parker became known

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Speaker 1: as the Hanging Judge for all the death sentences that

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Speaker 1: he handed down in his court. When he took over,

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Speaker 1: his court had jurisdiction over all of western Arkansas and

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Speaker 1: Indian Territory, which was an area of about seventy five

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Speaker 1: thousand square miles in size, and it was the largest

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Speaker 1: federal court in U. S history just in terms of

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Speaker 1: its size. So, as we mentioned, Indian Territory was a

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Speaker 1: popular place for outlaws to hide out and it was

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Speaker 1: considered the most dangerous area in the country. So it

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Speaker 1: was gonna be tough going for Judge Parker. So when

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Speaker 1: he came on board, he decided pretty much right away

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Speaker 1: that he wanted to crack down on criminals in that area.

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Speaker 1: In particular so one of the first things he did

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Speaker 1: was ordered that two hundred new US Deputy marshals be hired,

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Speaker 1: so these marshals could arrest blacks and whites who weren't

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Speaker 1: members of the tribes in Indian territory. That's what they

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Speaker 1: had power to do. The Indians, of course, had their

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Speaker 1: own law enforcement and courts for their people, so they

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Speaker 1: were outside of Parker's jurisdiction. Parker also decided that black

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Speaker 1: men would be perfect for these new deputy marshal positions

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Speaker 1: because a lot of Indians didn't trust white deputies. Some

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Speaker 1: white deputies hadn't always treated them so well. No surprised there,

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Speaker 1: but there were. There was this precedent of black freedmen

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Speaker 1: who were kind of part of the tribes, part of

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Speaker 1: the community, so Indians tended to trust black people a

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Speaker 1: little more. Therefore, they'd make good potential marshals. Reads in particular,

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Speaker 1: was just perfect for one of these positions. After all,

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Speaker 1: as we mentioned, he knew Indian territory well. He once

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Speaker 1: said that he knows the area like quote a cook

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Speaker 1: knows her kitchen. His knowledge of Indian languages and customs

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Speaker 1: was a huge plus two, Because Parker really wanted to

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Speaker 1: keep good relations with the tribes. That close relationship with

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Speaker 1: the Indians actually might have influenced the Lone Ranger story

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Speaker 1: to some extent through the character of Tonto. So Reeves

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Speaker 1: was commissioned a Deputy U S Marshal in eighteen seventy

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Speaker 1: five went to work. Incidentally, you just mentioned his his

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Speaker 1: close relationship with Indians that came in part because of

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Speaker 1: his mastery of their some of their languages. That mastery

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Speaker 1: of languages is even more impressive when you consider that

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Speaker 1: Reeves was illiterate so um, I mean that sounds difficult

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Speaker 1: enough to have several languages in your head and not

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Speaker 1: know how to read or write them, but in your

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Speaker 1: own language and your own language. But for his martial work,

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Speaker 1: he'd have to get somebody to read arrest warrants and subpoenas,

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Speaker 1: and then he'd memorized the names of the outlaws any

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Speaker 1: other details and head out from there. So now we're

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Speaker 1: getting a little bit into his work, which is really interesting.

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Speaker 1: I mean a lot of details about his work as

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Speaker 1: a marshal kind of border on legend, which is why

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Speaker 1: his adventures make for such good stories, I think. But

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Speaker 1: what we know for sure is that he was a

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Speaker 1: natural at what he did, or he seemed to be.

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Speaker 1: He was physically well suited for it. For one thing,

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Speaker 1: he was about six ft two and anywhere from one

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Speaker 1: hundred eighty two hundred pounds. According to another article of

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Speaker 1: Burton's in New Crisis, Reeves personally like to dress that

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Speaker 1: intimidating frame of his and snazzy clothes. He always had

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Speaker 1: his boots polished, for example, and he liked to wear

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Speaker 1: a big black hat that was slightly upturned in the front.

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Speaker 1: More often than not, though, especially when he was after

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Speaker 1: an outlaw, Reeves would wear disguises, and that was kind

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Speaker 1: of his trademark. He disguised himself as a cowboy or

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Speaker 1: a preacher, or a farmer, or even an outlaw. So

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Speaker 1: this is also kind of a lone ranger ish element

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Speaker 1: to his story, except maybe even a little more interesting. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I think so, because he went to some serious trouble

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Speaker 1: in these disguises, I think, and one really authentic because

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Speaker 1: and one really well known mission. Reeves was pursuing two

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Speaker 1: outlaws in the Red River Valley of the Chickasaw Nation,

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Speaker 1: and he heard that they were hiding out somewhere near

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Speaker 1: the Texas border. So he rode out that way with

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Speaker 1: his posse. By the way, at this time, Deputy Marshalls

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Speaker 1: would travel around Indian Territory with a few possemen, a

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Speaker 1: cook and a wagon, just because the area they were

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Speaker 1: patrolling and hunting for outlaws and was so vast, I

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Speaker 1: mean a typical loop was around. A typical loop that

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Speaker 1: they would travel was around eight hundred miles. Would be

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Speaker 1: eight hundred miles right, So they'd be out there for

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Speaker 1: a while. So the posse set up camp about twenty

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Speaker 1: eight miles from where these two outlaws they were pursuing

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Speaker 1: were supposed to be hiding out at their mother's house.

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Speaker 1: So then Reeves disguised himself as a tramp. He really

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Speaker 1: paid attention to every detail too. He removed the heels

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Speaker 1: from an old pair of shoes, He carried a cane

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Speaker 1: with him, and then he put on a floppy hat

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Speaker 1: that he had shot with a few bullet holes to

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Speaker 1: look all roughed up. He also, of course concealed the

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Speaker 1: handcuffs and the pistol and the badge that he was

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Speaker 1: carrying underneath his clothes. Then he started walking twenty eight

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Speaker 1: miles traveling on foot to the mother's house. When he

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Speaker 1: got there, he asked her for some food, you know,

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Speaker 1: complaining that his feet really hurt because he'd been walking

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Speaker 1: and trying to escape from this posse that was pursuing him.

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Speaker 1: The mother really sympathized with him. She led him in,

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Speaker 1: she fed him, She told him that her sons were

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Speaker 1: running away from the law to She even suggested that

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Speaker 1: maybe he should hang out with her and team up

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Speaker 1: with her own son so they could protect each other.

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Speaker 1: When the sons came home, they agreed to this plan,

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Speaker 1: this deal that mom has set up for them, and

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Speaker 1: then that night they set up a separate room for

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Speaker 1: Reeves to sleep in. He insisted that no, we should

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Speaker 1: all sleep in the same room in case something happens.

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Speaker 1: That way we can protect each other. When the outlaws

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Speaker 1: were asleep, though, he handcuffed them without them waking up.

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Speaker 1: And when morning came, they realized what had happened, and

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Speaker 1: Reeves had a march right on back to his camp,

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Speaker 1: all twenty eight miles. Apparently, the mom followed them for

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Speaker 1: at least three of those miles, cursing Reeves the entire way.

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Speaker 1: I have to imagine she would be pretty upset about

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Speaker 1: the whole thing. Yeah, he was pretty happy about it, though.

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Speaker 1: The reward of returning those guys in was five thousand dollars. Typically,

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Speaker 1: these marshals got paid when they brought the outlaws back

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Speaker 1: to court to be tried. So that story is pretty amusing,

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Speaker 1: but it doesn't totally illustrate how dangerous this job really was,

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Speaker 1: cuffing outlaws in their sleep. Reeves was shot at several

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Speaker 1: times during his career as a marshal. His belt was

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Speaker 1: shot into two months, another time his hat brim was

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Speaker 1: shot off, and still another time his bridal regin was

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Speaker 1: cut by a bullet, but it said that he himself

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Speaker 1: was never actually wounded, which I think is just fascinating. Well,

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Speaker 1: he was a real gun expert to His weapon of

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Speaker 1: choice was a Winchester rifle, but he was also known

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Speaker 1: to carry around two cult revolvers that were positioned but

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Speaker 1: forward on his belt for easy access and conveniently for

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Speaker 1: a ranger a lawman. He was ambidextrous, so pretty much

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Speaker 1: equally good no matter which hand he was shooting with,

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Speaker 1: probably especially handy when you're shooting on horseback. Reeves was

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Speaker 1: still really careful even though he was heavily armed, though

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Speaker 1: it said that he rode a big red stallion with

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Speaker 1: a white blaze on its face. So just like the

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Speaker 1: Lone Ranger, he has his signature horse, Trusty Steed, a

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Speaker 1: blery horse with a speed of light a cloud of

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Speaker 1: dusty silver. But he also kept some other horses around

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Speaker 1: for his undercover work. Apparently, if you rode a horse

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Speaker 1: that was too fancy, that would tip off the outlaws

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Speaker 1: that you were marshal, no matter what kind of disguise

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Speaker 1: or outfit you were wearing. So he couldn't just ride

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Speaker 1: his red horse around. Well I have to imagine too,

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Speaker 1: if you had such a distinctive horse to a red

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Speaker 1: stallion with a white blaze, people would begin to recognize

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Speaker 1: that pretty easily. Most of all, though, Reeves was just

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Speaker 1: unbelievably brave. He really didn't seem to be afraid of anything.

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Speaker 1: For one example, there was a place eighty miles west

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Speaker 1: of Fort Smith that was known as the deadline, sort

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Speaker 1: of the end of civilization, and when deputy marshals crossed

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Speaker 1: that line, they were thought to be as good as dead.

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Speaker 1: You know, you're taking your life into your own hands

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Speaker 1: by crossing the deadline. But Reeves really just thought as

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Speaker 1: a challenge he would go riding across the deadline several

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Speaker 1: times just to just to do it. But his bravery

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Speaker 1: is maybe most evident in the encounter where he comes

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Speaker 1: as close as he ever did to losing his life,

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Speaker 1: and that happened in four when he got ambushed by

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Speaker 1: three outlaws, the Briner brothers, and they were wanted for

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Speaker 1: horse stealing, robbery and murder. When I ambushed him, they

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Speaker 1: told him to get off his horse and to keep

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Speaker 1: his hands away from his gun. But Reeves did not

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Speaker 1: follow their instructions at all. He stayed really calm and

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Speaker 1: showed them warrants he had for their arrest, and he

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Speaker 1: just asked him, you know what day is it so

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Speaker 1: I can make a note of this for the government.

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Speaker 1: I want to make sure my paperwork is good. At

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Speaker 1: that point, the outlaws just thought he was crazy and

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Speaker 1: started laughing at him, and while they were distracted, while

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Speaker 1: they were so amused, Reeves shot two of them dead,

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Speaker 1: diverted the gun barrel of the third, and then killed him.

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Speaker 1: And Reeves actually killed quite a few outlaws during his career,

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Speaker 1: even white ones, which might have gotten him lynched in

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Speaker 1: other areas of the country. And I'm not sure on

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Speaker 1: this point if he actually got paid for the ones

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Speaker 1: that he killed. I've seen sort of differing opinions and

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Speaker 1: various sources out there, So if anyone out there knows

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Speaker 1: if you get paid for the ones that you killed

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Speaker 1: to please let us know. We're not sure how this

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Speaker 1: whole deputy marshal thing worked in that respect. But of course,

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Speaker 1: as we hinted at earlier, there's more to the story

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Speaker 1: than just Reeves Winds. As you might imagine, with the

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Speaker 1: line of work he was in, his life was tainted

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Speaker 1: a little bit with scandal too. The biggest one had

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Speaker 1: to do with the death in four of his black cook,

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Speaker 1: William Leach. So really, that April, when Reeves Posse was

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Speaker 1: camping out near the Canadian River, Leech and Reeves got

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Speaker 1: into an argument that supposedly started when Reeves was dissing

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Speaker 1: Leeches cooking not a bad or not a good idea. Rather,

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Speaker 1: things escalated though, and according to some accounts, Leech poured

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Speaker 1: some hot grease down the throat of this puppy that

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Speaker 1: Reeves had their in camp with them. After that, Reeves

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Speaker 1: furious shot Leech. So nothing came of this incident for

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Speaker 1: a while, But then in January eight six, Reeves was

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Speaker 1: indicted for first degree murder, arrested and held in jail

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Speaker 1: for six months until he could make bond. Kind of

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Speaker 1: shocking that this famous lawman couldn't make bond for six months,

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Speaker 1: but apparently he made it quite a bit of cash

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Speaker 1: to in criminals. So his trial, though, started October eight seven,

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Speaker 1: and Reeves hired really great attorneys who brought in ten

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Speaker 1: witnesses for his defense. He testified that he had argued

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Speaker 1: with Leech, but it wasn't really that big of a deal,

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Speaker 1: and then later, while trying to dislodge a bullet from

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Speaker 1: his Winchester rifle, the gun had accidentally mispired and happened

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Speaker 1: to hit and kill Leech. Raeves was acquitted, but the

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Speaker 1: trial depleted his savings and he had to move his

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Speaker 1: family to a different home outside of Van Buren. And

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Speaker 1: after that, Reeves went back to catching outlaws, but he

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Speaker 1: was eventually stationed in different areas. In eighteen eighty three,

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Speaker 1: he'd already transferred from Fort Smith to the Federal Court

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Speaker 1: at Paris, Texas, and then in he transferred again to Muskogee,

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Speaker 1: which was where he was until Oklahoma became a state

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Speaker 1: in nineteen o seven. But Reeves had one more brush

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Speaker 1: with scandal later in his career. After returning from one

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Speaker 1: of his trips to deliver prisoners to federal jail in Muskogee,

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Speaker 1: he learned that his own son had been charged with

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Speaker 1: murdering his wife and was somewhere hiding out in Indian Territory. So,

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Speaker 1: of course, knowing who's done this is none of the

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Speaker 1: other deputies wanted the job of bringing the kid in. Reeves,

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Speaker 1: of course, was adamant about doing it himself. I mean,

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Speaker 1: I have to imagine partly just because he didn't want

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Speaker 1: something to happen to his son. Um. It took him

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Speaker 1: two weeks to get him, but Reeves returned with his son,

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Speaker 1: whom he later turned over to the court. His son

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Speaker 1: ended up in Leavenworth Prison, another place where our podcast

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Speaker 1: subjects seemed to be going lately, um, but was eventually

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Speaker 1: pardoned and apparently never got into any more trouble. Reeves

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Speaker 1: served as a Deputy U. S. Marshal in Indian Territory

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Speaker 1: for a total of thirty two years, and was the

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Speaker 1: only one who did so from Judge Parker's appointment until

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Speaker 1: Oklahoma statehood. All told, he said to have arrested more

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Speaker 1: than three thousand outlaws and killed about fourteen, though it's

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Speaker 1: very likely there may have been more than fourteen killed.

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Speaker 1: His work ended after Oklahoma became a state, and after

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Speaker 1: that he walked a downtown beat for the Muscogee Police

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Speaker 1: to armament for two years and there was apparently never

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Speaker 1: a crime on his beat. So this was kind of

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Speaker 1: a relaxing retirement job almost for him. Commit your crimes

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Speaker 1: on on Reeves this day off, maybe right, but it

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Speaker 1: didn't last too long. Reeves died at home January twelfth,

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Speaker 1: nineteen ten, after being diagnosed with Bright's disease. So was

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Speaker 1: he the real Lone Ranger? We have to go back

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Speaker 1: to that question we posed in the title of this podcast. Well,

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Speaker 1: as we mentioned, he said to have influenced or inspired

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Speaker 1: the character. Obviously, some details of his life are quite

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Speaker 1: different from the Lone Rangers, but it's easy to see

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Speaker 1: how his brave personality and his wild adventures would have

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Speaker 1: influenced a tail about a hero of the Wild West. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I mean, after all, he's been called quote one of

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Speaker 1: the most successful lawman in American history. That sounds like

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Speaker 1: somebody worth making a TV show on. He was also

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Speaker 1: the first African American inducted into the Great Westerners Hall

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Speaker 1: of the National Cowboy Hall of Fame in Oklahoma City

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Speaker 1: in nineteen ninety two, and then on December five, he

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Speaker 1: was inducted into the Oklahoma Law Enforcement Hall of Fame.

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Speaker 1: And in November eleven, these awards has kept on being

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Speaker 1: heaped on him. Oklahoma State Legislature passed an act officially

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Speaker 1: declaring the bridge that passes over the Arkansas River between

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Speaker 1: Muscogee and Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, as Bass Reeves Memorial Bridge,

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Speaker 1: So people kind of continue to commemorate him and research

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Speaker 1: his life. Art Burton, whose articles we mentioned in this episode,

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Speaker 1: has a book on him called Black Gun, Silver Star,

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Speaker 1: and there are some others as well. I think there's

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Speaker 1: one called Bad News for Outlaws by Vonda Nelson. There's

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Speaker 1: also a new Lone Ranger movie coming out in two

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Speaker 1: thousand thirteen stars Johnny Depp as Tonto Army Hammers The

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Speaker 1: Lone Ranger and Helena Bottom Carter as We don't know who,

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Speaker 1: but we'll find out, I guess. So yeah, we don't

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Speaker 1: know if there will be any Bass Reeves nods in

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Speaker 1: that that one. Then it will be interesting to check out.

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Speaker 1: Maybe Johnny's listening to this podcast and it's gonna go

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Speaker 1: um mess with the script a little bit, and that's

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Speaker 1: an exciting thought. With Johnny Depp in our heads, it's

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Speaker 1: always a good time to transition on over to listener mail.

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Speaker 1: So this postcard is from Dave and it is a

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Speaker 1: very special postcard because it's from Antarctica. And Seplena and

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Speaker 1: I were talking. I think this means now that we

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Speaker 1: have received postcards from every continent in the world. So awesome.

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Speaker 1: So like we need some celebration music there or something

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Speaker 1: not not like Polar Silence. But Dave wrote to say

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Speaker 1: that at least one podcast listener was present at the

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Speaker 1: centennial observation of Robert Scott's arrival at the South Pole.

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Speaker 1: The Scott ceremony was a sober affair, as you might expect,

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Speaker 1: but the night before the ceremony, Major Henry Worsley of

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Speaker 1: the British Army talked about Scott's journey, illustrated with photos

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Speaker 1: he and his companions had taken as they skied along

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Speaker 1: Scott's root the previous weeks. Anyway, thanks for making history entertaining.

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Speaker 1: My wife, daughter and I are all devoted listeners, so

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Speaker 1: thank you. Dave. It's a cool postcard too. It is

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Speaker 1: of the South call kind of a contemporary art illustration

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Speaker 1: of herhole. So awesome Antarctica. We also got a postcard

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Speaker 1: from Monica in London and she recently attended an exhibit

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Speaker 1: at the Natural History Museum of Scott's last expedition and

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Speaker 1: it was Man hold Sledges. It was a postcard of Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Katie and I discussed Man hold Sledges a bit in

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Speaker 1: that episode and it it's kind of a horrifying looking situation.

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Speaker 1: It's the four guys straining under this giant fled packed

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Speaker 1: with boxes and in the realm of I listened while

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Speaker 1: I x Monica tells us, but she listens while she

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Speaker 1: knits on the tube on her way to class. Sounds fun.

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Speaker 1: So thank you Monica, and thank you Dave for our

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Speaker 1: our chilly postcards we received. And if you guys want

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Speaker 1: to make any other suggestions to us or let us know,

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Speaker 1: um if you've attended exhibits about topics we've covered anything

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Speaker 1: like that, we are at History Podcast at Discovery dot com.

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Speaker 1: Remember it's our new email address. We're also still at

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Speaker 1: miss in History on Twitter and we are on Facebook.

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Speaker 1: And if you want to learn a little bit more

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Speaker 1: about some of the topics we mentioned today on the podcast.

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