1 00:00:04,640 --> 00:00:08,840 Speaker 1: These are the forgeries of jealousy. And never since the 2 00:00:08,880 --> 00:00:12,920 Speaker 1: middle summer's spring met we on a hill in dale forest, 3 00:00:13,039 --> 00:00:17,000 Speaker 1: or mead by paved fountain, or by rushing brook, or 4 00:00:17,040 --> 00:00:19,920 Speaker 1: in the beached margin of the sea, to dance our 5 00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:23,919 Speaker 1: ringlets to the whistling wind. But with thy brawls thou 6 00:00:23,920 --> 00:00:28,280 Speaker 1: hast disturbed our sport. Therefore the winds piping to us 7 00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:31,880 Speaker 1: in vain as in revenge, have sucked up from the sea. 8 00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:36,839 Speaker 1: Contagious fogs, which falling in the land, have every pelting 9 00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:41,040 Speaker 1: river made so proud that they have overborne their continents. 10 00:00:41,920 --> 00:00:45,640 Speaker 1: The ox hath therefore stretched his yoke in vein. The 11 00:00:45,640 --> 00:00:49,760 Speaker 1: plowman lost his sweat, and the green corn hath rotted, 12 00:00:49,840 --> 00:00:53,479 Speaker 1: ere his youth attained a beard. The fold stands empty 13 00:00:53,560 --> 00:00:57,040 Speaker 1: in the drowned field, and crows are fatted with the 14 00:00:57,120 --> 00:01:01,560 Speaker 1: murray and flock. The nine men's morris filled up with mud, 15 00:01:01,640 --> 00:01:04,640 Speaker 1: and the quaint mazes in the wanton green, for lack 16 00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:09,760 Speaker 1: of tread, are undistinguishable. The human mortals want their winter here. 17 00:01:10,200 --> 00:01:13,880 Speaker 1: No night is now with him or Carol blessed. Therefore 18 00:01:13,920 --> 00:01:18,000 Speaker 1: the moon, the governess of floods, pale in her anger 19 00:01:18,680 --> 00:01:23,040 Speaker 1: washes all the air that rheumatic diseases do abound. And 20 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:27,679 Speaker 1: thorough this distemperature, we see the seasons alter hoary headed 21 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:31,400 Speaker 1: frosts far in the fresh lap of the crimson rose, 22 00:01:31,840 --> 00:01:35,920 Speaker 1: and on old highams than an icy crown, an odorous 23 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:40,280 Speaker 1: chaplet of sweet summer buds is as in mockery set 24 00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:45,840 Speaker 1: the spring, the summer, the childing autumn, angry winter change 25 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:49,640 Speaker 1: their wonted liveries, and the mazed world, by their increase, 26 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:53,720 Speaker 1: now knows not which is which. And this same progeny 27 00:01:53,800 --> 00:01:58,160 Speaker 1: of evils comes from our debate, from our dissension. We 28 00:01:58,240 --> 00:01:59,880 Speaker 1: are their parents and original. 29 00:02:06,640 --> 00:02:10,440 Speaker 2: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind, a production of iHeartRadio. 30 00:02:16,840 --> 00:02:18,840 Speaker 3: Hey you welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 31 00:02:18,960 --> 00:02:21,680 Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick. 32 00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:24,760 Speaker 3: I can't believe nine Men's Morris is filled up with mud. 33 00:02:24,919 --> 00:02:26,000 Speaker 3: It used to be a cool place. 34 00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:29,640 Speaker 1: Yeah, I know. So we're back with our third and 35 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:32,520 Speaker 1: final part in the series on the moons of the 36 00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:37,040 Speaker 1: planet Uranus, and I started today with a reading from 37 00:02:37,560 --> 00:02:41,279 Speaker 1: It's Actually It's a speech given by the character Titania, 38 00:02:41,800 --> 00:02:45,400 Speaker 1: the Queen of the Fairies, in William Shakespeare's play A 39 00:02:45,480 --> 00:02:48,440 Speaker 1: Midsummer Night's Dream. Now I've read that half just because 40 00:02:48,440 --> 00:02:50,280 Speaker 1: I loved that speech and I thought it was really cool, 41 00:02:50,320 --> 00:02:53,240 Speaker 1: but it also seemed to kind of resonant with our 42 00:02:53,280 --> 00:02:57,000 Speaker 1: subject matter today. So the speech in the play is 43 00:02:57,040 --> 00:03:02,360 Speaker 1: delivered by Titania to Oberon of the fairies, describing how 44 00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:06,240 Speaker 1: the jealous feuding between the two of them has had 45 00:03:06,320 --> 00:03:09,840 Speaker 1: malicious effects on the weather and the very environment of 46 00:03:09,919 --> 00:03:13,200 Speaker 1: nature in the human world, because you know, when fairies fight, 47 00:03:13,320 --> 00:03:16,360 Speaker 1: it's not just bad vibes. The bad vibes apparently become 48 00:03:16,440 --> 00:03:20,680 Speaker 1: quite physical, and they take the form of floods, drought, 49 00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:25,639 Speaker 1: frostbitten winters, famine, disease, etc. And this struck me as 50 00:03:25,639 --> 00:03:29,400 Speaker 1: interesting in this case because of the ways that hundreds 51 00:03:29,400 --> 00:03:33,200 Speaker 1: of years ago, the behavior of planets and moons and 52 00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:36,720 Speaker 1: other objects up in the heavens was thought to affect 53 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:39,920 Speaker 1: the weather, and not just affect the weather, but to 54 00:03:40,040 --> 00:03:43,240 Speaker 1: produce the bad air that brings plague. So both of 55 00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:46,280 Speaker 1: the things kind of mentioned in this speech bad weather 56 00:03:46,360 --> 00:03:49,720 Speaker 1: and disease. And we've talked about numerous specific examples of 57 00:03:49,760 --> 00:03:53,480 Speaker 1: that in previous episodes, but one being that during the 58 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:57,800 Speaker 1: Second Plague pandemic. In thirteen forty eight, a convocation of 59 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:01,400 Speaker 1: scholars from the medical faculty at the University of Paris 60 00:04:01,480 --> 00:04:04,600 Speaker 1: was assembled by King Philip the sixth of France to 61 00:04:04,720 --> 00:04:07,960 Speaker 1: determine the cause of the plague, and they concluded it 62 00:04:08,040 --> 00:04:12,360 Speaker 1: was because of the thirteen forty five conjunction of Mars, 63 00:04:12,480 --> 00:04:16,000 Speaker 1: Jupiter and Saturn in the House of Aquarius, which had 64 00:04:16,040 --> 00:04:19,480 Speaker 1: caused evil vapors to rise up from the earth and 65 00:04:19,560 --> 00:04:23,279 Speaker 1: breathe death into the cities of humankind. So the idea 66 00:04:23,279 --> 00:04:26,760 Speaker 1: of this direct causal connection between what the planets are doing, 67 00:04:26,839 --> 00:04:29,159 Speaker 1: what things in the sky are doing, and then weather 68 00:04:29,279 --> 00:04:33,800 Speaker 1: on Earth and then disease. And this struck me because 69 00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:38,840 Speaker 1: in Shakespeare the behavior of Oberon and Titania is thought 70 00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:41,080 Speaker 1: to change the weather and bring disease. But this was 71 00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:46,680 Speaker 1: before those characters were also the names of actual heavenly 72 00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:50,960 Speaker 1: bodies moons of the planet Uranus. In fact, that would 73 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:53,919 Speaker 1: have been before the official discovery of Uranus as a 74 00:04:53,920 --> 00:04:58,039 Speaker 1: planet at all. But Titania and Oberon are now both 75 00:04:58,200 --> 00:05:01,919 Speaker 1: major moons of Uranus. Those two were discovered by William 76 00:05:01,960 --> 00:05:05,240 Speaker 1: Herschel in seventeen eighty seven, the same guy who discovered 77 00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:09,479 Speaker 1: Urinus as a planet, though curiously I was just reading 78 00:05:09,480 --> 00:05:13,400 Speaker 1: about this. William Herschel also at the same time reported 79 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:18,800 Speaker 1: discovering several other moons that were never confirmed by later astronomers. 80 00:05:19,120 --> 00:05:23,400 Speaker 1: So nobody ever found moons matching the orbits of these 81 00:05:23,400 --> 00:05:27,000 Speaker 1: other couple moons he described. Herschel Apparently, I don't know 82 00:05:27,560 --> 00:05:30,520 Speaker 1: he wrote something down wrong or something he claimed, you know, 83 00:05:30,560 --> 00:05:33,039 Speaker 1: he claimed to have found some non existent moons in 84 00:05:33,080 --> 00:05:36,120 Speaker 1: addition to these real ones. But anyway, I wonder if 85 00:05:36,760 --> 00:05:41,680 Speaker 1: if the Uranian moons Oberon and Titania had been known 86 00:05:41,720 --> 00:05:45,279 Speaker 1: about in Shakespeare's day, they might also, I wonder, have 87 00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:48,960 Speaker 1: been blamed for making the green corn rot and filling 88 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:51,320 Speaker 1: the Nine Men's moriss up with mud and spreading the 89 00:05:51,360 --> 00:05:53,279 Speaker 1: rheumatic diseases and all that stuff. 90 00:05:53,640 --> 00:05:58,320 Speaker 3: Yeah. Yeah, it's interesting. Despite all of the shakespeare references 91 00:05:58,400 --> 00:06:02,680 Speaker 3: in the naming of the Iranian moons, I don't believe 92 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:07,960 Speaker 3: Shakespeare ever references the god Uranus or Urinas in his works. 93 00:06:09,320 --> 00:06:11,000 Speaker 3: Could be a lot wrong about that. I'm not a 94 00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:15,240 Speaker 3: Shakespeare scholar. I'm just combining memory of Shakespeare with some 95 00:06:15,680 --> 00:06:19,919 Speaker 3: searches on some digital databases of his work. All the 96 00:06:19,960 --> 00:06:23,640 Speaker 3: other gods featured in our planetary lineup are referenced numerous 97 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:27,320 Speaker 3: times in his plays, but never never Uranos, and the 98 00:06:27,400 --> 00:06:29,560 Speaker 3: same seems to be true of Alexander Pope, which I 99 00:06:29,560 --> 00:06:33,279 Speaker 3: guess this ultimately just speaks to the limited or non 100 00:06:33,279 --> 00:06:39,360 Speaker 3: existent role Uranas had in literature of the times of 101 00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:40,919 Speaker 3: these writers. 102 00:06:40,760 --> 00:06:43,000 Speaker 1: Right, I guess he's just wasn't one of the flashiest gods, 103 00:06:43,040 --> 00:06:46,279 Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, yeah, But actually I was just thinking, 104 00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:48,159 Speaker 1: to come back on what I said a minute ago, 105 00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:51,720 Speaker 1: you know, wondering if the moons of another planet would 106 00:06:51,720 --> 00:06:55,799 Speaker 1: have been used in astrological explanations for weather patterns and disease. 107 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:59,279 Speaker 1: Now that I think about it, I can't think of 108 00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:02,520 Speaker 1: a case where, then, at least that I'm familiar with, 109 00:07:02,640 --> 00:07:06,240 Speaker 1: where the moons of other planets were used to explain 110 00:07:06,279 --> 00:07:10,400 Speaker 1: that that. Maybe that's because, like those, moons of other 111 00:07:10,440 --> 00:07:13,280 Speaker 1: planets had only been known about since the time of Galileo. 112 00:07:14,440 --> 00:07:17,080 Speaker 1: But as far as I can recall, it's always invoking 113 00:07:17,120 --> 00:07:19,960 Speaker 1: the outer planets themselves and not their moons, of course, 114 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:23,320 Speaker 1: apart from our own moon, which, according again to Titania, 115 00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:25,200 Speaker 1: is the governess of floods. 116 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:28,080 Speaker 3: Yeah, I love that the governess of floods. 117 00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:32,120 Speaker 1: You know, before I had ever seen or read Midsommer 118 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:36,120 Speaker 1: Night's Dream and knew Oberon and Titania as characters here 119 00:07:36,960 --> 00:07:39,440 Speaker 1: before I even knew them as the names of moons 120 00:07:39,440 --> 00:07:42,360 Speaker 1: of Uranus that I recall, I actually knew them from 121 00:07:42,360 --> 00:07:45,120 Speaker 1: a different place. I knew them as part of a 122 00:07:45,280 --> 00:07:49,080 Speaker 1: spooky chant in a song my dad used to listen 123 00:07:49,120 --> 00:07:51,880 Speaker 1: to when I was younger, the line you have to 124 00:07:51,920 --> 00:07:56,280 Speaker 1: imagine this with several voices and a strange dissonant harmony 125 00:07:56,760 --> 00:08:03,120 Speaker 1: saying Jupiter and Saturn, Oberon, Miranda, Titanya, Neptune, Titan stars 126 00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:06,640 Speaker 1: can Frighten, which is of course from the nineteen sixty 127 00:08:06,640 --> 00:08:11,160 Speaker 1: seven psychedelic space rock anthem Astronomy Domine by Pink Floyd. 128 00:08:11,200 --> 00:08:13,960 Speaker 1: I think this song was written by syd Barrett, a 129 00:08:14,040 --> 00:08:17,040 Speaker 1: song that I think I have to admit is still 130 00:08:17,120 --> 00:08:19,800 Speaker 1: sort of always looping in the back of my head 131 00:08:19,840 --> 00:08:23,400 Speaker 1: when I think about space, when I picture the empty 132 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:28,200 Speaker 1: landscapes of other planets and moons. It manages to capture 133 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:32,840 Speaker 1: a feeling of space that is simultaneously very unsettling but 134 00:08:32,960 --> 00:08:37,679 Speaker 1: also so inviting, And it really helped me be excited 135 00:08:37,720 --> 00:08:40,120 Speaker 1: about space before I knew much about it, like seeing 136 00:08:40,200 --> 00:08:44,600 Speaker 1: it as this realm of mysteries that were thrilling to unveil. 137 00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:47,200 Speaker 1: So I'm not saying the effect would be the same 138 00:08:47,200 --> 00:08:50,880 Speaker 1: with all kids, but for me personally, this weird song 139 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:54,480 Speaker 1: by Pink Floyd was a wonderful early science education tool. 140 00:08:54,600 --> 00:08:58,840 Speaker 1: Not because it contains any actual information or educational content 141 00:08:58,880 --> 00:09:01,199 Speaker 1: it doesn't, but because it really made me want to 142 00:09:01,240 --> 00:09:02,880 Speaker 1: know more about what's out there. 143 00:09:03,240 --> 00:09:05,960 Speaker 3: So you're saying Astronomy Domine was kind of your Star Wars? 144 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:07,880 Speaker 1: Is that what Star Wars was for you? I mean, 145 00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:10,400 Speaker 1: I love Star Wars too, I you know, wore out 146 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:11,200 Speaker 1: the videotape. 147 00:09:11,480 --> 00:09:13,600 Speaker 3: Yeah. I mean when I think back on just earliest 148 00:09:13,640 --> 00:09:16,600 Speaker 3: idea things that got me excited about space, I think 149 00:09:16,679 --> 00:09:21,080 Speaker 3: they were mostly you know, space stories, Like I remember 150 00:09:21,520 --> 00:09:24,120 Speaker 3: really liking the black Hole from Disney, and I had 151 00:09:24,240 --> 00:09:27,640 Speaker 3: like a storybook and cassette of the black Hole. Even though, 152 00:09:27,640 --> 00:09:30,040 Speaker 3: of course, as we've mentioned on the show before and 153 00:09:30,080 --> 00:09:31,920 Speaker 3: maybe we'll get into again in the future, you know, 154 00:09:31,920 --> 00:09:34,199 Speaker 3: the black Hole contains very little that you can take 155 00:09:34,240 --> 00:09:38,400 Speaker 3: to the bank regarding actual information about about this about 156 00:09:38,440 --> 00:09:40,440 Speaker 3: space and the nature of black holes. 157 00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:43,479 Speaker 1: Well, I guess this is part of the song's psychedelic qualities. 158 00:09:43,520 --> 00:09:48,280 Speaker 1: But yeah, Astronomy domine. I always felt it was. It 159 00:09:48,360 --> 00:09:51,600 Speaker 1: was scary in the best possible way. It was scary 160 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:53,560 Speaker 1: in the way that it's like, you know, you want 161 00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:55,920 Speaker 1: to know what's behind the door, but you're you're frightened 162 00:09:55,920 --> 00:09:57,960 Speaker 1: to open it in a way that makes you just 163 00:09:58,080 --> 00:09:59,559 Speaker 1: you have to look even more. 164 00:10:00,080 --> 00:10:02,599 Speaker 3: Hm hm, No, I know, having been hurt, listened to 165 00:10:02,640 --> 00:10:04,840 Speaker 3: part of this song here, and I'm not super familiar 166 00:10:04,880 --> 00:10:07,360 Speaker 3: with Pink Floyd. You know, I know the big ones, 167 00:10:07,360 --> 00:10:09,120 Speaker 3: of course, but I haven't I've never done a deep 168 00:10:09,160 --> 00:10:12,360 Speaker 3: dive into their discography. Yeah, I see what you're saying 169 00:10:12,360 --> 00:10:13,480 Speaker 3: about this, this track. 170 00:10:13,960 --> 00:10:16,000 Speaker 1: This is early Pink Floyd. Most of the Pink Floyd 171 00:10:16,040 --> 00:10:18,760 Speaker 1: stuff people know is from a later period of the 172 00:10:18,800 --> 00:10:20,959 Speaker 1: band where they sound totally different. They're more the kind 173 00:10:20,960 --> 00:10:22,840 Speaker 1: of you know, I don't know what you call it, 174 00:10:22,960 --> 00:10:25,680 Speaker 1: progressive classic rock. This is from their early couple of 175 00:10:25,679 --> 00:10:30,520 Speaker 1: albums that were more weird British psychedelic rock. Okay, all right, 176 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:34,360 Speaker 1: But anyway, in the line of lyrics from from the 177 00:10:34,440 --> 00:10:37,880 Speaker 1: song you Hear you hear three names, it's oberon Miranda 178 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:41,880 Speaker 1: in Titanya. So I think we're still taking the moons 179 00:10:41,960 --> 00:10:44,920 Speaker 1: somewhat in order. Right. Last in the previous episode, we 180 00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:48,240 Speaker 1: talked about the the inner moons of Uranus, and now 181 00:10:48,240 --> 00:10:50,679 Speaker 1: we're going to be talking about the major moons. 182 00:10:51,559 --> 00:10:54,520 Speaker 3: That's right, and we'll begin with with Miranda here. Miranda's 183 00:10:54,600 --> 00:10:58,720 Speaker 3: name for Prospero's daughter in the Tempest. She's also the 184 00:10:58,720 --> 00:11:02,240 Speaker 3: subject of a pretty famous waterhouse painting. I included this 185 00:11:02,320 --> 00:11:05,320 Speaker 3: for you, Joe. I don't know, maybe I'm alone in this, 186 00:11:05,400 --> 00:11:07,320 Speaker 3: but I just remember seeing this one a lot. I 187 00:11:07,320 --> 00:11:09,160 Speaker 3: feel like this one. There were a lot of posters 188 00:11:09,200 --> 00:11:11,400 Speaker 3: of this on dorm rooms or something. 189 00:11:12,360 --> 00:11:14,000 Speaker 1: I don't know. If I did see it, it didn't really 190 00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:15,079 Speaker 1: make an impression, but I. 191 00:11:15,160 --> 00:11:17,839 Speaker 3: Like it has sort of Gothic sensibility to it. I 192 00:11:17,840 --> 00:11:20,199 Speaker 3: don't think I've ever seen the actual painting. I'm not 193 00:11:20,200 --> 00:11:22,559 Speaker 3: sure where it is at any rate. It was discovered 194 00:11:22,559 --> 00:11:26,240 Speaker 3: by Gerald P. Kiper on February sixteenth, nineteen forty eight, 195 00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:30,200 Speaker 3: at the McDonald Observatory in Texas. It was the last 196 00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:34,320 Speaker 3: moon of the planet to be discovered prior to Voyager two, 197 00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:38,600 Speaker 3: the smallest and closest to the planet of the pre 198 00:11:38,880 --> 00:11:42,920 Speaker 3: Voyager two discovered moons of Uranus. Now, the composition here, 199 00:11:43,160 --> 00:11:45,600 Speaker 3: like all the larger moons, it's thought to consist mostly 200 00:11:45,679 --> 00:11:48,080 Speaker 3: of a roughly equal mix of water, ice and silicate rock. 201 00:11:48,960 --> 00:11:53,720 Speaker 3: The significance it is, I've seen numerous descriptions referring to 202 00:11:53,760 --> 00:11:57,319 Speaker 3: it as a Frankenstein moon, which of course instantly sounds 203 00:11:57,320 --> 00:12:03,160 Speaker 3: pretty jazzy Frankenstein moon of seemingly mismatched landscapes and featuring 204 00:12:03,280 --> 00:12:07,120 Speaker 3: Titanic canyons thought to be twelve times as deep as 205 00:12:07,200 --> 00:12:10,120 Speaker 3: the Grand Canyon of Earth. In some cases, its surface 206 00:12:10,160 --> 00:12:13,960 Speaker 3: also bears the mark of coroni, which are sound delicious 207 00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:16,720 Speaker 3: what they're found to be. They're found on the surface 208 00:12:16,720 --> 00:12:20,480 Speaker 3: of Venus as well. These like oval shaped geological markings 209 00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:27,040 Speaker 3: caused by upwellings of subsurface warm material. So Miranda is 210 00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:30,880 Speaker 3: known to or as thought to have frozen water ice 211 00:12:30,920 --> 00:12:34,040 Speaker 3: on its surface, and the corona here may have caused 212 00:12:34,040 --> 00:12:39,680 Speaker 3: warm ice rising to cause tectonic faults in the rock here. 213 00:12:40,400 --> 00:12:44,280 Speaker 1: So you mentioned it has this peculiar, fascinating outer appearance. 214 00:12:44,679 --> 00:12:46,360 Speaker 1: I add a couple of I added a couple of 215 00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:48,680 Speaker 1: photos here to the outlines, so we could rub the 216 00:12:48,720 --> 00:12:51,200 Speaker 1: fur a bit to look at the different textures on 217 00:12:51,320 --> 00:12:56,000 Speaker 1: Miranda across much of the known surface, it does look 218 00:12:56,040 --> 00:12:58,720 Speaker 1: a lot like our moon, Like you can see sort 219 00:12:58,760 --> 00:13:02,520 Speaker 1: of swaths of landscape of rocks and soil, you know, 220 00:13:02,640 --> 00:13:05,480 Speaker 1: the very familiar looking dotted with that kind of fractal 221 00:13:05,559 --> 00:13:09,840 Speaker 1: vanishing pattern of craters. But then across some stretches of 222 00:13:09,880 --> 00:13:12,840 Speaker 1: the Moon's surface, it looks like a bear about the 223 00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:15,880 Speaker 1: size of the Sun, just like dug its claws in 224 00:13:15,960 --> 00:13:20,120 Speaker 1: and used it as a scratching post. Something absolutely tore 225 00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:22,000 Speaker 1: up the crust of this planet. 226 00:13:22,200 --> 00:13:24,000 Speaker 3: Now, you know, part of this is I'm primed by 227 00:13:24,040 --> 00:13:26,960 Speaker 3: being described as the Frankenstein Moon, but also looking at 228 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:29,440 Speaker 3: these images of it, it makes me think of this 229 00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:33,600 Speaker 3: moon as a mad ball, which I don't think. I'm well, 230 00:13:33,920 --> 00:13:36,360 Speaker 3: they were apparently still around. I think they started in 231 00:13:36,360 --> 00:13:38,800 Speaker 3: the mid eighties and they were a toy when I 232 00:13:38,880 --> 00:13:41,560 Speaker 3: was a kid. But they're like these bouncy balls that 233 00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:47,920 Speaker 3: have these like textured monster heads, like ones of cyclops, 234 00:13:48,040 --> 00:13:49,880 Speaker 3: ones like a meducer or something. 235 00:13:50,440 --> 00:13:53,480 Speaker 1: And I just looked it up. Yeah, okay, I think 236 00:13:53,480 --> 00:13:54,160 Speaker 1: I've seen these. 237 00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:57,319 Speaker 3: Yeah, So it's kind of like if you're familiar with these, 238 00:13:57,320 --> 00:13:59,480 Speaker 3: and I think they're still around. They have a website, 239 00:13:59,600 --> 00:14:02,480 Speaker 3: so I think you can probably buy him somewhere. Maybe 240 00:14:02,480 --> 00:14:04,600 Speaker 3: they're not the hot thing with kids these days, But 241 00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:07,360 Speaker 3: at any rate, I look at this moon and I 242 00:14:07,400 --> 00:14:08,360 Speaker 3: think of mad balls. 243 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:11,240 Speaker 1: So I'm looking at an arrangement of six mad balls, 244 00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:14,079 Speaker 1: and five of them are some kind of monster I 245 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:17,320 Speaker 1: don't know, like a like a one eyed, one horned, 246 00:14:17,600 --> 00:14:21,400 Speaker 1: purple people eater of some sort. And then but one 247 00:14:21,400 --> 00:14:23,720 Speaker 1: of them is just a baseball with an angry face. 248 00:14:23,760 --> 00:14:25,800 Speaker 1: It's just a baseball. Why do they got to put 249 00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:29,400 Speaker 1: a baseball in there? Even got the little seams with 250 00:14:29,480 --> 00:14:31,000 Speaker 1: the red thread, and I don't know, just. 251 00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:33,480 Speaker 3: An angry baseball. I monster baseball. 252 00:14:33,760 --> 00:14:35,600 Speaker 1: I see what you're talking about, though. Yet, yes, it 253 00:14:35,680 --> 00:14:39,000 Speaker 1: is kind of like a mad ball. It has very 254 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:41,680 Speaker 1: the different mismatched parts. It looks like it could be 255 00:14:42,120 --> 00:14:46,240 Speaker 1: you know, illustrated scarring or something. I don't know. It's 256 00:14:46,360 --> 00:14:51,960 Speaker 1: just like a hugely variable, strange surface. So there I 257 00:14:52,040 --> 00:14:54,160 Speaker 1: mentioned the parts. Some just look kind of like any 258 00:14:54,280 --> 00:14:57,720 Speaker 1: moon you might imagine. Some look like the parts where 259 00:14:57,720 --> 00:15:00,440 Speaker 1: the bear dug its claws in. Other parts look to 260 00:15:00,560 --> 00:15:03,000 Speaker 1: me like you've ever seen the you know, those little 261 00:15:03,120 --> 00:15:06,640 Speaker 1: zin gardens people have where they are like soft patterns 262 00:15:06,640 --> 00:15:11,000 Speaker 1: of parallel lines and raked into the sand. Yeah, yeah, 263 00:15:11,080 --> 00:15:13,120 Speaker 1: there are parts of the surface that look like that. 264 00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:16,320 Speaker 1: Here you see these little kind of I'm not implying 265 00:15:16,320 --> 00:15:18,640 Speaker 1: that they were left there by an actual being, but yeah, 266 00:15:18,680 --> 00:15:21,320 Speaker 1: it looks like just kind of parallel lines gently raked 267 00:15:21,360 --> 00:15:25,520 Speaker 1: into the surface, but of course with massive proportions. And 268 00:15:25,560 --> 00:15:29,760 Speaker 1: there are some places that show jagged ruptures and protrusions 269 00:15:29,840 --> 00:15:33,960 Speaker 1: off of the Moon's surface that are really just scraping space, 270 00:15:34,160 --> 00:15:36,560 Speaker 1: Like you can really see like a kind of a 271 00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:40,880 Speaker 1: point coming off of there. Rob you mentioned that some 272 00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:44,640 Speaker 1: of the canyons on Miranda are thought to be twelve 273 00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:47,440 Speaker 1: times as deep as the Grand Canyon on Earth. I 274 00:15:47,480 --> 00:15:50,760 Speaker 1: wanted to zoom in on one particular feature that I 275 00:15:50,840 --> 00:15:55,600 Speaker 1: found very interesting. Let's go to the Verona rupus. Verona 276 00:15:55,960 --> 00:15:58,760 Speaker 1: is I believe here a reference to Romeo and Juliet, 277 00:15:58,760 --> 00:16:02,680 Speaker 1: because again the Shakespeare name of Urines's moons, and so 278 00:16:02,920 --> 00:16:07,280 Speaker 1: Romeo and Juliet is set in the Italian city of Verona. Meanwhile, 279 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:11,479 Speaker 1: Verona rupus Rupus is a word used in planetary geology 280 00:16:11,520 --> 00:16:16,480 Speaker 1: to refer to extraterrestrial escarpments or cliffs. It's the Latin 281 00:16:16,520 --> 00:16:20,160 Speaker 1: word for cliff, so Raba included a photo for you 282 00:16:20,240 --> 00:16:23,880 Speaker 1: to look at of Verona rupas zoomed in. This is 283 00:16:23,920 --> 00:16:27,480 Speaker 1: an image that was featured by NASA and Michigan Tech's 284 00:16:27,520 --> 00:16:32,560 Speaker 1: Astronomy Picture of the Day site, and this photograph was 285 00:16:32,680 --> 00:16:35,600 Speaker 1: taken by No Surprise Voyager two, as all these close 286 00:16:35,680 --> 00:16:39,800 Speaker 1: up photos of Uranes's moons are. But what's really interesting 287 00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:42,680 Speaker 1: here is that you can see in the picture this 288 00:16:43,320 --> 00:16:47,200 Speaker 1: massive feature is not a gently sloping mountain side, but 289 00:16:47,320 --> 00:16:51,560 Speaker 1: a steep sheer cliff. And what you can't tell from 290 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:56,000 Speaker 1: the picture is the scale of this massive landscape feature. 291 00:16:56,160 --> 00:17:00,600 Speaker 1: According to the APOD write up, the drop from Verona 292 00:17:00,680 --> 00:17:05,439 Speaker 1: Rupus is thought to be about twenty kilometers deep. Now 293 00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:09,080 Speaker 1: I've seen other estimates somewhere. I don't know exactly who's 294 00:17:09,119 --> 00:17:12,080 Speaker 1: the final authority on estimating the heights of features like 295 00:17:12,119 --> 00:17:16,160 Speaker 1: this from photos, but twenty kilometers is the estimate given here. 296 00:17:16,720 --> 00:17:20,359 Speaker 1: And for a point of comparison, they say that this 297 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:23,119 Speaker 1: is in this case ten times the depth of the 298 00:17:23,160 --> 00:17:25,800 Speaker 1: Grand Canyon. For another one, I just looked up the 299 00:17:25,840 --> 00:17:29,240 Speaker 1: height of Mount Everest. That's about eight point eight kilometers 300 00:17:29,280 --> 00:17:32,960 Speaker 1: in height, so imagine a drop off more than double 301 00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:35,720 Speaker 1: the peak to ground height of Everest. But it's not 302 00:17:35,960 --> 00:17:39,040 Speaker 1: a slope, it's a cliff. It's a vertical cliff. 303 00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:41,440 Speaker 3: Wow, that's incredible. 304 00:17:41,640 --> 00:17:44,639 Speaker 1: I'm imagining the cull devoid kind of thought patterns that 305 00:17:44,920 --> 00:17:47,840 Speaker 1: looking at a cliff of that size. Man, if you're 306 00:17:47,880 --> 00:17:51,800 Speaker 1: somebody with like kriminophobia, you know, you get afraid of 307 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:56,639 Speaker 1: sharp drop offs. I don't know, you can't even process it. 308 00:17:56,720 --> 00:18:00,199 Speaker 1: But another thing they point out is that, so you 309 00:18:00,240 --> 00:18:03,800 Speaker 1: imagine a future astronaut is somehow on the surface of 310 00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:09,240 Speaker 1: Miranda and maybe they are suddenly they're cursed by Oberon 311 00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:12,160 Speaker 1: and Titania, you know, the fairy magic falls upon them, 312 00:18:12,200 --> 00:18:15,000 Speaker 1: and they are made to jump the cliff. This source 313 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:18,159 Speaker 1: estimates that it would take them about twelve minutes to 314 00:18:18,240 --> 00:18:21,040 Speaker 1: fall to the bottom, though the length of that fall 315 00:18:21,119 --> 00:18:25,400 Speaker 1: is somewhat stretched out because Miranda has relatively very low 316 00:18:25,400 --> 00:18:28,840 Speaker 1: gravity compared to Earth. But despite the lower gravity, the 317 00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:32,600 Speaker 1: fall would probably still probably would still hurt you. 318 00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:37,440 Speaker 3: I mean, I guess in the future, extreme base jumpers 319 00:18:37,520 --> 00:18:41,040 Speaker 3: might venture there in their robot avatar bodies and take 320 00:18:41,080 --> 00:18:44,199 Speaker 3: a leap off, and in that case, I guess you 321 00:18:44,200 --> 00:18:46,399 Speaker 3: survive the fall because you're just back in your actual 322 00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:49,880 Speaker 3: body at the end of it. Yeah, always safety precautions though, 323 00:18:50,400 --> 00:18:52,639 Speaker 3: just a heap of robots to the bottom though, just 324 00:18:54,160 --> 00:18:56,919 Speaker 3: smashed down to a thin sheet. 325 00:18:57,880 --> 00:19:02,040 Speaker 1: So what causes this chaotic patch landscape? There are a 326 00:19:02,080 --> 00:19:06,640 Speaker 1: couple of hypotheses. One appears to be the idea of collisions. 327 00:19:06,680 --> 00:19:11,520 Speaker 1: Basically that Miranda was actually somewhat smashed to pieces by 328 00:19:11,560 --> 00:19:15,000 Speaker 1: collision with a large object. But these pieces did not 329 00:19:15,480 --> 00:19:17,800 Speaker 1: you know, fly off into deep space. They were still 330 00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:22,359 Speaker 1: caught in orbit around Uranus, and they were ultimately attracted 331 00:19:22,359 --> 00:19:25,680 Speaker 1: to each other by gravity and reformed into a moon 332 00:19:25,760 --> 00:19:29,360 Speaker 1: once again. But then you'd have the different pieces sort 333 00:19:29,359 --> 00:19:32,080 Speaker 1: of fitting together weirdly, explaining the patchy surface. 334 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:35,600 Speaker 3: Yeah, so a Miranda is a mess, but potentially she's 335 00:19:35,800 --> 00:19:36,920 Speaker 3: a work in progress. 336 00:19:37,240 --> 00:19:40,320 Speaker 1: Yes, And if that were indeed the case, that sort 337 00:19:40,359 --> 00:19:42,400 Speaker 1: of reminds me of the whole thing about like why 338 00:19:42,520 --> 00:19:45,800 Speaker 1: planetary defense concepts, you know, like protecting Earth from comets 339 00:19:45,800 --> 00:19:49,880 Speaker 1: and asteroids don't tend to focus on trying to blow 340 00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:53,200 Speaker 1: up incoming asteroids. So you got an asteroid that's coming 341 00:19:53,240 --> 00:19:55,480 Speaker 1: toward Earth, you don't want to like, you know, nuke 342 00:19:55,560 --> 00:19:57,840 Speaker 1: its core and smash it to a million pieces, like 343 00:19:57,880 --> 00:20:01,200 Speaker 1: in you know, movies like Armageddon or something thing, Because 344 00:20:01,600 --> 00:20:05,400 Speaker 1: fragmenting it into pieces, it potentially would just still hit 345 00:20:05,440 --> 00:20:07,399 Speaker 1: earth anyway, like the pieces would hit Earth, or it 346 00:20:07,480 --> 00:20:11,399 Speaker 1: might be gravitationally attracted to itself reform and still hit Earth. 347 00:20:11,640 --> 00:20:14,680 Speaker 1: So instead the better plan is to deflect its path. 348 00:20:14,760 --> 00:20:17,400 Speaker 1: You want to blow it off course, not blow it up. 349 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:21,000 Speaker 3: Yeah, nudget, nudget a little bit. Make sure it just 350 00:20:21,119 --> 00:20:25,040 Speaker 3: gradually goes off course far enough ahead of the entering 351 00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:26,560 Speaker 3: any kind of danger zone. 352 00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:30,439 Speaker 1: But another possible explanation for the weird mismatched surface of 353 00:20:30,480 --> 00:20:35,520 Speaker 1: Miranda is a not a collision and a reforming together, 354 00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:39,919 Speaker 1: but instead is like that Miranda is struck by like 355 00:20:40,119 --> 00:20:45,040 Speaker 1: large rocky objects or meteorites of some kind. These impacts 356 00:20:45,119 --> 00:20:49,880 Speaker 1: partially melt the ice that is underneath the surface of Miranda, 357 00:20:50,359 --> 00:20:52,880 Speaker 1: and then that melting from the heat of the impact 358 00:20:53,119 --> 00:20:56,720 Speaker 1: causes water to rise to the surface, icy water to 359 00:20:56,760 --> 00:21:00,000 Speaker 1: come up to the surface, and then it refreezes somewhat chaos, 360 00:21:00,520 --> 00:21:03,919 Speaker 1: giving rise to these strange patterns of different types of 361 00:21:03,960 --> 00:21:04,760 Speaker 1: surface texture. 362 00:21:05,320 --> 00:21:08,080 Speaker 3: Well, however, it comes together. Definitely worth pulling up an 363 00:21:08,119 --> 00:21:10,280 Speaker 3: image of this so you'll see what we're talking about here. 364 00:21:10,320 --> 00:21:14,000 Speaker 3: Because it's uh visually, it's I think one of, if 365 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:26,240 Speaker 3: not the most notable of the Uranian moons. All right, 366 00:21:26,320 --> 00:21:28,520 Speaker 3: let's move on to the next one. The next one 367 00:21:28,680 --> 00:21:31,960 Speaker 3: is Arial and this one, this one pulls double duty 368 00:21:33,040 --> 00:21:37,160 Speaker 3: because it is a spirit who serves Prospero in the tempest, 369 00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:43,320 Speaker 3: but it is also a sylph or a sylphid from 370 00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:48,440 Speaker 3: Alexander Pope's the Rape of the Lock. This is like 371 00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:51,840 Speaker 3: like an invisible air elemental being that is brought up 372 00:21:51,880 --> 00:21:53,439 Speaker 3: in the works of Paracelsus. 373 00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:55,000 Speaker 1: Oh that's interesting. 374 00:21:55,520 --> 00:21:57,879 Speaker 3: Yeah, So anyway, double duty this one. This one's in 375 00:21:57,880 --> 00:22:01,800 Speaker 3: both camps of Pope and Shakespeare. Discovered by English astronomer 376 00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:05,480 Speaker 3: William Lassel in eighteen fifty one. The composition, you know, 377 00:22:05,480 --> 00:22:08,760 Speaker 3: same as Miranda and other larger moons, but carbon dioxide 378 00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:13,160 Speaker 3: has also been detected. And the significance here it's tidally 379 00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:16,080 Speaker 3: locked like our moon, youngest surface of the moons of 380 00:22:16,240 --> 00:22:20,280 Speaker 3: Uranus and the most recent geologically active, So. 381 00:22:20,359 --> 00:22:22,520 Speaker 1: Like Earth and its moon, if you were able to 382 00:22:22,560 --> 00:22:25,600 Speaker 1: stand on the surface of Uranus and look up at Ariel, 383 00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:27,359 Speaker 1: I mean you can't stand on the surface of Uranus, 384 00:22:27,440 --> 00:22:28,920 Speaker 1: but if you were to look up at Ariel, you 385 00:22:28,960 --> 00:22:31,040 Speaker 1: would always see the same side of it facing the 386 00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:35,040 Speaker 1: planet right. So, to invoke another Pink Floyd reference there, 387 00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:37,800 Speaker 1: there would not actually be a permanent dark side of 388 00:22:37,840 --> 00:22:39,919 Speaker 1: the Moon on aerial, but there would be an always 389 00:22:39,920 --> 00:22:43,400 Speaker 1: facing away side of the Moon, the far side, all right. 390 00:22:43,640 --> 00:22:46,760 Speaker 3: Moving on to the next one, Umbriel, also discovered by 391 00:22:46,760 --> 00:22:50,480 Speaker 3: William Lassel in eighteen fifty one. This one is named 392 00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:53,639 Speaker 3: after an evil spirit in Alexander Pope's poem Rape of 393 00:22:53,680 --> 00:22:57,760 Speaker 3: the Lock. Significance here it has a mysterious ring on 394 00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:00,640 Speaker 3: its surface, revealed by Voyager two, which might be due 395 00:23:00,640 --> 00:23:04,320 Speaker 3: to frost deposits from an impact crater. It's ancient and dark, 396 00:23:04,400 --> 00:23:07,360 Speaker 3: as the shadowy name suggests. Just a couple of quick 397 00:23:07,440 --> 00:23:12,320 Speaker 3: quotes here from the poem by Pope. First, Umbriel a dusky, 398 00:23:12,440 --> 00:23:16,680 Speaker 3: melancholy sprite as ever sullied the fair face of light. 399 00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:22,120 Speaker 3: And then later on there's another nice little snippet here, 400 00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:27,639 Speaker 3: but Umbriel hateful gnome forbears not so he breaks the vial, 401 00:23:27,840 --> 00:23:31,120 Speaker 3: whence the sorrows flow? Hateful? No I like it. 402 00:23:32,480 --> 00:23:36,200 Speaker 1: Well, you know the name is fitting because so it mentions. 403 00:23:36,240 --> 00:23:40,879 Speaker 1: He's the enemy of light basically, and that's also true 404 00:23:41,480 --> 00:23:44,240 Speaker 1: if you look up about Umbriel the moon. Because Umbriel 405 00:23:44,480 --> 00:23:49,040 Speaker 1: is the darkest of all of Uranus's major moons, it 406 00:23:49,080 --> 00:23:53,199 Speaker 1: reflects very little light. You mentioned that bright ring a 407 00:23:53,240 --> 00:23:56,399 Speaker 1: minute ago, the kind of mysterious bright ring in a crater. 408 00:23:57,119 --> 00:23:59,280 Speaker 1: I added a photo of this for you to look 409 00:23:59,320 --> 00:24:03,080 Speaker 1: at here. I think it's interesting. So the contrast with 410 00:24:03,160 --> 00:24:06,320 Speaker 1: the glowing white ring is quite profound. That I guess 411 00:24:06,320 --> 00:24:09,159 Speaker 1: that seems especially true because Umbriel is the darkest of 412 00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:13,920 Speaker 1: the major moons. And unfortunately the images we have from 413 00:24:14,040 --> 00:24:18,040 Speaker 1: Voyager two do not capture the ring looking down, so 414 00:24:18,080 --> 00:24:20,439 Speaker 1: you're not looking at it head on. Instead, we see 415 00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:23,239 Speaker 1: we can just barely tell it's a ring, but we 416 00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:25,199 Speaker 1: can see it at sort of the edge of the 417 00:24:25,280 --> 00:24:29,200 Speaker 1: hemisphere that Voyager two was able to photograph, so it's 418 00:24:29,280 --> 00:24:31,919 Speaker 1: right there on the cusp of the planet like a 419 00:24:31,920 --> 00:24:35,960 Speaker 1: little halo. The Moon as a whole is about twelve 420 00:24:36,080 --> 00:24:39,760 Speaker 1: hundred kilometers in diameter, and the white ring here is 421 00:24:39,840 --> 00:24:43,400 Speaker 1: about one hundred and forty kilometers itself, so more than 422 00:24:43,400 --> 00:24:47,200 Speaker 1: ten percent of the width of the Moon. And scientists 423 00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:49,560 Speaker 1: are not sure what caused the ring to appear. But 424 00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:52,720 Speaker 1: Rob you mentioned the frost deposits. In the last part 425 00:24:52,760 --> 00:24:55,399 Speaker 1: of the series, I referenced an article by the planetary 426 00:24:55,400 --> 00:24:59,119 Speaker 1: scientist Amy Simon, and she explains a little further in 427 00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:01,560 Speaker 1: that article that it might be like a layer of 428 00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:04,919 Speaker 1: ice on a crater floor that is lying exposed to 429 00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:08,640 Speaker 1: the sunlight. For some reason, something knocked the what might 430 00:25:08,680 --> 00:25:11,479 Speaker 1: have otherwise been covering it off, so it's exposed and 431 00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:14,760 Speaker 1: reflecting much more light than the surface around it. But 432 00:25:15,920 --> 00:25:18,600 Speaker 1: this tickled something in my memory, and I realized it 433 00:25:18,640 --> 00:25:22,480 Speaker 1: was reminding me of when we discussed the bright white 434 00:25:22,480 --> 00:25:25,360 Speaker 1: spot in the center of a crater on another object 435 00:25:25,359 --> 00:25:28,960 Speaker 1: in the Solar System, on the dwarf planet Series. So 436 00:25:29,520 --> 00:25:32,720 Speaker 1: Series is not a planet on its own, it is 437 00:25:32,760 --> 00:25:37,080 Speaker 1: the largest object in the asteroid belt, the biggest asteroid 438 00:25:37,400 --> 00:25:41,639 Speaker 1: known as a dwarf planet. And on the surface of 439 00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:45,760 Speaker 1: Series there are actually a number of different bright spots 440 00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:50,560 Speaker 1: known as facue and there's one I've got you here 441 00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:52,399 Speaker 1: to look at, rob So it's in the middle of 442 00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:57,760 Speaker 1: a crater. The crater is called the Okat Crater, and 443 00:25:57,800 --> 00:25:59,639 Speaker 1: the bright spot, this is the most famous of the 444 00:25:59,680 --> 00:26:03,560 Speaker 1: bright tipots, is known as the Cerealia facula. So it's 445 00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:06,199 Speaker 1: right there in the middle of the crater almost like 446 00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:08,399 Speaker 1: a I don't know what to call it. It's just like, 447 00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:10,240 Speaker 1: you know, it's like a bull's eye. It's a bright 448 00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:13,240 Speaker 1: dot in the middle of this depression in the surface 449 00:26:13,280 --> 00:26:18,119 Speaker 1: of CeREES And these bright spots are thought to be caused, 450 00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:20,800 Speaker 1: in this case on series by the presence of ice 451 00:26:21,119 --> 00:26:25,239 Speaker 1: or salts rising to the surface from below. So there 452 00:26:25,320 --> 00:26:27,840 Speaker 1: might be there's like sort of a mantle or a 453 00:26:27,880 --> 00:26:32,920 Speaker 1: subsurface layer of briny solution kind of water with salts 454 00:26:32,920 --> 00:26:37,040 Speaker 1: in it, and maybe some kind of impact caused that 455 00:26:37,040 --> 00:26:40,400 Speaker 1: that stuff to well up, so the water the salts 456 00:26:40,440 --> 00:26:43,719 Speaker 1: came up, and then the ice that's there or the 457 00:26:43,760 --> 00:26:47,040 Speaker 1: salts that are left once the water is gone, leave 458 00:26:47,160 --> 00:26:50,439 Speaker 1: this area of higher reflectivity than the surrounding surface. So 459 00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:52,720 Speaker 1: it forms this little you know, bull's eye in the 460 00:26:52,720 --> 00:26:53,480 Speaker 1: middle of the crater. 461 00:26:54,040 --> 00:26:58,080 Speaker 3: Interesting. Yeah. Now, now as for just the ring on umbrel, 462 00:26:58,119 --> 00:27:00,399 Speaker 3: it's also and it also makes me think of like an 463 00:27:00,440 --> 00:27:02,560 Speaker 3: intentional bald spot at the top of the head, like 464 00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:04,720 Speaker 3: a monk's conture, you know. 465 00:27:04,920 --> 00:27:07,560 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, I can see that it's just sitting 466 00:27:07,640 --> 00:27:08,520 Speaker 1: right up there. Yeah. 467 00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:10,000 Speaker 3: Yeah. 468 00:27:10,200 --> 00:27:14,240 Speaker 1: But we spoke earlier of the Fairy Royalty Titanya and Oberon. 469 00:27:14,280 --> 00:27:17,440 Speaker 1: Should we set them a bickering Yeah yeah. 470 00:27:17,520 --> 00:27:19,800 Speaker 3: Next up is Titania, the queen of the fairies in 471 00:27:19,840 --> 00:27:22,840 Speaker 3: A Midsummer Night's Dream is the namesake discovered by William 472 00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:26,120 Speaker 3: Herschel this moon in seventeen eighty seven. It's the largest 473 00:27:26,119 --> 00:27:28,600 Speaker 3: moon of Uranus, with a diameter of roughly one thousand 474 00:27:28,640 --> 00:27:33,520 Speaker 3: miles or sixteen one hundred kilometers. Voyager two images revealed 475 00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:38,000 Speaker 3: that it was at some point geologically active. Reflective material, 476 00:27:38,119 --> 00:27:42,480 Speaker 3: possibly frost, adheres to sun facing valley walls. And then 477 00:27:42,520 --> 00:27:45,119 Speaker 3: we have Oberon. Oberon is named for the king of 478 00:27:45,119 --> 00:27:48,399 Speaker 3: the Fairies and midsummer Night's Dream, also discovered by William 479 00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:51,560 Speaker 3: Herschel in seventeen eighty seven. It's the second largest moon 480 00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:54,680 Speaker 3: of Uranus. It's heavily cratered and has at least one 481 00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:59,200 Speaker 3: large mountain. This large mountain towers I believes six kilometers 482 00:27:59,480 --> 00:28:02,280 Speaker 3: and is named but is sometimes called the Limb Mountain. 483 00:28:02,960 --> 00:28:06,560 Speaker 3: The outmost of the major moons is over On. Many 484 00:28:06,600 --> 00:28:10,440 Speaker 3: of its craters have an unidentified dark material in them. 485 00:28:10,800 --> 00:28:13,160 Speaker 1: That was something else mentioned in that Amy Simon article 486 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:16,240 Speaker 1: that a lot of the moons of Uranus have substances 487 00:28:16,240 --> 00:28:19,080 Speaker 1: on their surface which cause darkening, and it's not known 488 00:28:19,160 --> 00:28:20,199 Speaker 1: exactly what that is. 489 00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:24,880 Speaker 3: Yeah. Now, another interesting note about some of these moons 490 00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:28,400 Speaker 3: we just discussed here is the potential the possible potential 491 00:28:28,480 --> 00:28:31,960 Speaker 3: for life on the major moons of Urinus. Life on 492 00:28:32,080 --> 00:28:36,000 Speaker 3: Uranus itself seems extremely unlikely based on everything I've been 493 00:28:36,040 --> 00:28:39,240 Speaker 3: looking at life as we know it anyway, because is 494 00:28:39,240 --> 00:28:43,520 Speaker 3: always the caveat. For instance, just one case of this, 495 00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:47,320 Speaker 3: the long standing risk of contaminating Uranus or Neptune with 496 00:28:47,400 --> 00:28:52,120 Speaker 3: terrestrial microbes seems to be essentially nil. Based on scientific 497 00:28:52,160 --> 00:28:57,000 Speaker 3: opinions NASA and so forth. It is, by most estimates, 498 00:28:57,080 --> 00:28:59,800 Speaker 3: likely a dead world. Now, I did run across a 499 00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:06,280 Speaker 3: nineteen eighty eight paper by ing Bolshkarov in Bioastronomy titled 500 00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:10,120 Speaker 3: in the bio Astronomy Next Steps My bad there it's 501 00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:14,040 Speaker 3: titled is Urinus the most promising planet for SETI? This 502 00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:16,840 Speaker 3: paper seems to mostly focus on the presence of water 503 00:29:16,920 --> 00:29:20,000 Speaker 3: drops and electrical discharges in the planet's atmosphere as a 504 00:29:20,040 --> 00:29:24,400 Speaker 3: possible precursor to life. Still, most sources seem to say no, 505 00:29:24,920 --> 00:29:27,040 Speaker 3: Uranus is a no go for life as we know it. 506 00:29:27,240 --> 00:29:29,680 Speaker 3: You know, there are other places that we can look 507 00:29:29,720 --> 00:29:32,040 Speaker 3: to in our Solar system that are far better candidates 508 00:29:32,040 --> 00:29:35,040 Speaker 3: for exploration. But any right, the idea of it being 509 00:29:35,080 --> 00:29:37,160 Speaker 3: a dead world. We can't say the same for the moons. 510 00:29:37,200 --> 00:29:39,480 Speaker 3: We can't say the same for all of the Uranian moons. 511 00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:42,280 Speaker 1: I like how the title of the paper though, is 512 00:29:42,360 --> 00:29:46,160 Speaker 1: not just like is it worth looking at Urinus for SETI, 513 00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:49,800 Speaker 1: it's saying is it the most promising planet? That seems 514 00:29:49,880 --> 00:29:51,520 Speaker 1: like the answer is no, No, it's not. 515 00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:55,160 Speaker 3: It's interesting, you know, we often have to think back 516 00:29:55,560 --> 00:29:59,920 Speaker 3: to you know, the reality of putting missions together for 517 00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:03,239 Speaker 3: these various various moons and planets. It's like you've got 518 00:30:03,280 --> 00:30:05,080 Speaker 3: to really build up the hype, you know, you've got 519 00:30:05,120 --> 00:30:07,920 Speaker 3: to you got to make the case why is this 520 00:30:08,040 --> 00:30:11,760 Speaker 3: worth all of this money, this time, this investment. And 521 00:30:11,840 --> 00:30:13,360 Speaker 3: you know, there's a strong case to be made for 522 00:30:13,760 --> 00:30:17,560 Speaker 3: any destination in our Solar system to you know, to 523 00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:22,520 Speaker 3: broaden our understanding of the world surrounding our star. But 524 00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:24,360 Speaker 3: you know, you got to make that case. You got 525 00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:26,080 Speaker 3: to believe, and maybe maybe you got to You got 526 00:30:26,080 --> 00:30:26,960 Speaker 3: to push a little hard. 527 00:30:27,160 --> 00:30:29,120 Speaker 1: Well, yeah, and even if you're looking at places that 528 00:30:29,200 --> 00:30:31,800 Speaker 1: are not themselves at least as far as we can 529 00:30:31,840 --> 00:30:35,280 Speaker 1: tell very good candidates for discovering life, they can still 530 00:30:35,400 --> 00:30:38,360 Speaker 1: usually teach you a lot about the dynamics and life 531 00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:41,160 Speaker 1: history of planets in general, which is something that we 532 00:30:41,200 --> 00:30:43,440 Speaker 1: do need to always understand better if we want to 533 00:30:43,440 --> 00:30:45,840 Speaker 1: know where best to look for life. Yeah. 534 00:30:45,920 --> 00:30:48,760 Speaker 3: Yeah, So the most recent paper that I was running 535 00:30:48,800 --> 00:30:53,200 Speaker 3: across about Uranian moons in life. This comes from a 536 00:30:53,360 --> 00:30:56,400 Speaker 3: December twenty twenty two paper in the Journal of Geophysical 537 00:30:56,440 --> 00:31:04,000 Speaker 3: Research by Castillo Roguez at All. They point out that Titania, Oberon, Aerial, 538 00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:08,480 Speaker 3: and Umbrial may have salty oceans beneath their frozen surfaces, 539 00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:11,120 Speaker 3: opening up the possibility for life as we know it. 540 00:31:11,560 --> 00:31:16,120 Speaker 3: They base their findings on three factors. First, fall observational 541 00:31:16,160 --> 00:31:22,360 Speaker 3: constraints about each moon's internal and geological evolution. Secondly, the 542 00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:27,920 Speaker 3: current level of tidal heating, and third thermal models. They write, quote, 543 00:31:27,920 --> 00:31:31,000 Speaker 3: we predict that if the Moon's preserved liquid until present, 544 00:31:31,280 --> 00:31:33,920 Speaker 3: it is likely in the form of residual oceans less 545 00:31:33,960 --> 00:31:37,200 Speaker 3: than thirty kilometers thick on Aerial, Umbrial and less than 546 00:31:37,200 --> 00:31:41,920 Speaker 3: fifty kilometers in Titania and Oberon. Now, they stress that 547 00:31:41,960 --> 00:31:45,760 Speaker 3: liquid preservation depends on a number of factors, and ultimately 548 00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:50,000 Speaker 3: we just can't know for certain until we look closer. Miranda, however, 549 00:31:50,080 --> 00:31:53,320 Speaker 3: they say, is unlikely to boast any water unless there 550 00:31:53,440 --> 00:31:56,200 Speaker 3: was some manner of tidal heating there quote a few 551 00:31:56,240 --> 00:31:59,280 Speaker 3: tens of millions of years ago. They also point out 552 00:31:59,320 --> 00:32:04,560 Speaker 3: that thermal metamorphism could create a late second generation ocean 553 00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:08,640 Speaker 3: in Titania and Oberon. In either case, It's also possible 554 00:32:08,680 --> 00:32:11,720 Speaker 3: that liquid on these moons, if present, is preserved by 555 00:32:11,800 --> 00:32:14,840 Speaker 3: anti freeze in the form of something like ammonia and chlorides. 556 00:32:15,320 --> 00:32:18,479 Speaker 3: The downside to this possibility, they stress, is that the 557 00:32:18,640 --> 00:32:22,840 Speaker 3: electrical conductiveness may be close to zero in such waters 558 00:32:22,840 --> 00:32:25,440 Speaker 3: if they're there, making it impossible for future probes to 559 00:32:25,520 --> 00:32:30,520 Speaker 3: detect them via magnetic field generation. Also, we'd be talking 560 00:32:30,520 --> 00:32:34,760 Speaker 3: about temperatures close to the lower limit for metabolic activity 561 00:32:35,280 --> 00:32:39,120 Speaker 3: and terrestrial microbe reproduction based on life as we know it, 562 00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:42,520 Speaker 3: so the author's stress that it might not really be 563 00:32:42,600 --> 00:32:47,400 Speaker 3: a high priority liquid environment for astrobiologists. It's no Enceladus 564 00:32:48,480 --> 00:32:52,720 Speaker 3: that seems to remain the most interesting lunar ocean for astrobiologists, 565 00:32:53,560 --> 00:32:57,080 Speaker 3: but we can't rule out life on the Uranian moons 566 00:32:57,680 --> 00:33:01,320 Speaker 3: more research, more inquiry is required. 567 00:33:01,880 --> 00:33:05,440 Speaker 1: Always Enceladus now considered a better candidate than Europa. I 568 00:33:06,240 --> 00:33:08,600 Speaker 1: would have assumed Europa was still on top. I guess 569 00:33:08,640 --> 00:33:09,320 Speaker 1: I don't really know. 570 00:33:09,600 --> 00:33:11,120 Speaker 3: Well, I don't want to get into the beef between 571 00:33:11,200 --> 00:33:15,160 Speaker 3: Enceladus and Europa, but okay, either of these, it's my understanding, 572 00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:17,680 Speaker 3: would would ultimately be better placed if you had to 573 00:33:17,720 --> 00:33:20,239 Speaker 3: place hard bets on it, which essentially you are if 574 00:33:20,280 --> 00:33:23,920 Speaker 3: you're deciding to, you know, potentially launch any kind of 575 00:33:23,920 --> 00:33:27,160 Speaker 3: like a mission, fly by probe, et cetera. So yeah, 576 00:33:27,200 --> 00:33:29,520 Speaker 3: that seemed to be the basic take home from the 577 00:33:29,560 --> 00:33:31,960 Speaker 3: paper is that, like, there's a possibility it's not, but 578 00:33:32,000 --> 00:33:34,920 Speaker 3: it's not. Maybe the they're not the best odds of 579 00:33:35,000 --> 00:33:37,040 Speaker 3: the moons in our solar system. 580 00:33:37,080 --> 00:33:39,000 Speaker 1: Maybe not, But wouldn't that be a good surprise. You 581 00:33:39,040 --> 00:33:43,080 Speaker 1: look at all of the higher tier candidates, Europa and Enceladus, whatever, 582 00:33:43,160 --> 00:33:46,040 Speaker 1: and nothing's there but way out in the ice giants, 583 00:33:46,160 --> 00:33:48,720 Speaker 1: those moons are cranking with life. 584 00:33:49,320 --> 00:34:07,400 Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean, it's always in the last place you look, right. 585 00:34:01,240 --> 00:34:04,480 Speaker 1: All right, Miranda, Umbriel, Titanya, and Oberon. Those are the 586 00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:07,840 Speaker 1: four major moons. But that doesn't exhaust the list, right, 587 00:34:07,880 --> 00:34:10,880 Speaker 1: we've got a bunch of so called irregular moons and 588 00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:11,799 Speaker 1: other stuff going on. 589 00:34:12,640 --> 00:34:15,520 Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, we're gonna venture into the outskirts here, Like 590 00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:21,920 Speaker 3: we're leaving Las Vegas proper and we're down into the 591 00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:24,680 Speaker 3: area surround in Vegas. We're getting into the irregular moons 592 00:34:24,719 --> 00:34:27,920 Speaker 3: of Uranus. According to NASA, the composition of the moons 593 00:34:27,960 --> 00:34:31,759 Speaker 3: outside the orbit of Oberon remains largely unknown, but they 594 00:34:31,800 --> 00:34:36,360 Speaker 3: are likely captured asteroids. These are all positioned far beyond 595 00:34:36,360 --> 00:34:40,200 Speaker 3: the orbit of Oberon, and there are nine known irregular 596 00:34:40,239 --> 00:34:43,319 Speaker 3: moons of Uranus. All right, we're gonna start with Francisco. 597 00:34:43,640 --> 00:34:46,360 Speaker 3: This is named after a shipwrecked nobleman in the Tempest, 598 00:34:46,880 --> 00:34:50,319 Speaker 3: discovered in two thousand and one by Cavalleras at All 599 00:34:50,440 --> 00:34:55,040 Speaker 3: at Chile Sero Tololo Inter American Observatory. It has a 600 00:34:55,040 --> 00:34:58,000 Speaker 3: retrograde orbit. It is the innermost of the irregular moons, 601 00:34:58,000 --> 00:35:00,719 Speaker 3: but it orbits at about four point three million kilometers 602 00:35:00,760 --> 00:35:01,840 Speaker 3: from the planet itself. 603 00:35:02,120 --> 00:35:04,680 Speaker 1: I do not recall what the character Francisco and the 604 00:35:04,719 --> 00:35:07,440 Speaker 1: Tempest does, but you know who I do recall is Caliban. 605 00:35:07,960 --> 00:35:12,040 Speaker 3: Yeah, the sort of a monstrous character from the Tempest 606 00:35:12,480 --> 00:35:16,000 Speaker 3: who was also the inspiration for the character Calibos in 607 00:35:16,200 --> 00:35:18,480 Speaker 3: the movie Clash of the Titans, which we discussed in 608 00:35:18,480 --> 00:35:19,520 Speaker 3: Weird House Cinema. 609 00:35:19,760 --> 00:35:21,920 Speaker 1: A little bit of crossing of the streams there. I 610 00:35:21,960 --> 00:35:24,440 Speaker 1: got your Shakespeare in my Greek mythology. 611 00:35:24,880 --> 00:35:30,160 Speaker 3: Yeah. So this one was discovered by Gladman at All 612 00:35:30,200 --> 00:35:33,680 Speaker 3: in nineteen ninety seven at the Palomar Observatory in California. 613 00:35:35,080 --> 00:35:37,680 Speaker 3: Significance here it has a retrogade orbit that is also 614 00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:42,239 Speaker 3: inclined and eccentric, thought to be the second largest irregular moon. 615 00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:46,120 Speaker 3: It is also far out and likely an independent body 616 00:35:46,160 --> 00:35:48,920 Speaker 3: captured by the planet's gravity. All right, Up next we 617 00:35:48,960 --> 00:35:52,560 Speaker 3: have Stefano. This is named after King Alonzo's butler in 618 00:35:52,600 --> 00:35:55,319 Speaker 3: The Tempest. It's been a while since I've actually seen 619 00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:58,560 Speaker 3: The Tempest or certainly read it, so I don't remember 620 00:35:58,560 --> 00:36:00,800 Speaker 3: the significance of King Alzo's butler. 621 00:36:01,120 --> 00:36:02,960 Speaker 1: I also have no memory of what's going on with 622 00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:04,279 Speaker 1: the butler. Yeah. 623 00:36:04,400 --> 00:36:06,320 Speaker 3: At any rate, he gets a mon named after him. 624 00:36:06,760 --> 00:36:09,440 Speaker 3: Discovered in nineteen ninety nine by Gladman at All at 625 00:36:09,480 --> 00:36:13,360 Speaker 3: the Canada, France Hawaii Telescope at the Monachia Observatory on 626 00:36:13,360 --> 00:36:17,480 Speaker 3: the island of Hawaii. They discovered Stefano, Prospero, and Setebas 627 00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:21,959 Speaker 3: at the same time. Significance here basically just retrograde orbit 628 00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:24,080 Speaker 3: similar in composition to Caliban, is. 629 00:36:24,120 --> 00:36:25,120 Speaker 1: Likely, all right. 630 00:36:26,120 --> 00:36:30,760 Speaker 3: Next we have Trinculo, named after the jester from The Tempest. 631 00:36:31,360 --> 00:36:31,759 Speaker 1: Mm hmm. 632 00:36:32,320 --> 00:36:34,879 Speaker 3: Yeah. This one discovered by Holman at All in two 633 00:36:34,960 --> 00:36:39,520 Speaker 3: thousand and one at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Canada 634 00:36:39,880 --> 00:36:45,040 Speaker 3: using the Sero Tololo Interamerican Observatory in Chile. This one 635 00:36:45,040 --> 00:36:47,719 Speaker 3: has a retrograde orbit, all right, all right. The next 636 00:36:47,719 --> 00:36:51,799 Speaker 3: one is Psychoax. This is named after the which mother 637 00:36:51,880 --> 00:36:54,680 Speaker 3: of Caliban in The Tempest. This is an off screen 638 00:36:54,760 --> 00:36:57,440 Speaker 3: character though that dies before the play, so it's just 639 00:36:57,480 --> 00:37:00,400 Speaker 3: like a name drop. Discovered by Gladman at All in 640 00:37:00,480 --> 00:37:04,000 Speaker 3: nineteen ninety seven at the Palomar Observatory in California, discovered 641 00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:07,400 Speaker 3: at the same time as Caliban, thus the naming the 642 00:37:07,440 --> 00:37:10,040 Speaker 3: main significance here. It's the largest of the irregular moons 643 00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:12,759 Speaker 3: and it also has a retrograde orbit. Now it's hard 644 00:37:12,760 --> 00:37:14,759 Speaker 3: to beat that name. That's a cool name, so the 645 00:37:14,800 --> 00:37:16,720 Speaker 3: next one doesn't even try. The next one is Margaret. 646 00:37:17,200 --> 00:37:19,439 Speaker 3: This is named after a character from much Ado about 647 00:37:19,480 --> 00:37:23,120 Speaker 3: nothing discovered by Scott S. Shepherd and David C. Juleet 648 00:37:23,440 --> 00:37:28,600 Speaker 3: In with the Subaru eight point two millimeter reflector at 649 00:37:28,640 --> 00:37:32,400 Speaker 3: the Monarchy Observatory in two thousand and three. The significance 650 00:37:32,440 --> 00:37:34,200 Speaker 3: here we have a pro grade orbit for once. 651 00:37:34,520 --> 00:37:36,920 Speaker 1: Oh is this the first one of the irregulars? 652 00:37:37,239 --> 00:37:41,160 Speaker 3: Yeah? Yeah, they're all retrograde thus far. Okay, now the 653 00:37:41,200 --> 00:37:44,240 Speaker 3: next one, this one has as a pretty We've mentioned 654 00:37:44,320 --> 00:37:48,600 Speaker 3: him already. But finally we have a moon named after Prospero, 655 00:37:48,719 --> 00:37:50,280 Speaker 3: the sorcerer from the Tempest. 656 00:37:51,280 --> 00:37:53,319 Speaker 1: I know this isn't true, but I'm going to tell 657 00:37:53,320 --> 00:37:57,640 Speaker 1: myself that it's actually named after Prospero, the Vincent Price 658 00:37:57,800 --> 00:37:59,680 Speaker 1: character in the Mask of the Red Death. 659 00:38:00,080 --> 00:38:04,960 Speaker 3: Ah. Now here's an interesting little side bit. You know 660 00:38:05,239 --> 00:38:07,759 Speaker 3: we discussed or this. I believe this was Christian and 661 00:38:07,800 --> 00:38:11,520 Speaker 3: I that did much older episode about the Elizabethan poly 662 00:38:11,640 --> 00:38:15,960 Speaker 3: math and occultist John D. There's this this theory that 663 00:38:16,000 --> 00:38:19,360 Speaker 3: the historic individual of John D may have been partial 664 00:38:19,400 --> 00:38:23,560 Speaker 3: inspiration for Shakespeare's Prospero, and he also seems to have 665 00:38:23,680 --> 00:38:27,320 Speaker 3: influenced John D that seems to have influenced our ideas 666 00:38:27,320 --> 00:38:31,240 Speaker 3: concerning Merlin as well, and ultimately, like the Fantasy Wizard 667 00:38:31,320 --> 00:38:32,280 Speaker 3: character as a whole. 668 00:38:32,760 --> 00:38:35,799 Speaker 1: That seems true to me, though it doesn't exactly match, 669 00:38:35,880 --> 00:38:38,960 Speaker 1: because the Fantasy Wizard character does not get obsessed with 670 00:38:39,040 --> 00:38:40,520 Speaker 1: trying to talk to angels. 671 00:38:41,160 --> 00:38:44,680 Speaker 3: Yeah yeah, yeah. Dee's full story has a lot of 672 00:38:44,719 --> 00:38:48,160 Speaker 3: strange turns in it, and you know, he gets caught 673 00:38:48,239 --> 00:38:52,760 Speaker 3: up in some in a few messes. Interestingly, his occult 674 00:38:52,800 --> 00:38:57,200 Speaker 3: interests include the angel Uriel, the supposed to be the 675 00:38:57,239 --> 00:38:59,719 Speaker 3: angel of Wisdom, who's said in some cases to have 676 00:38:59,760 --> 00:39:03,880 Speaker 3: worn Noah of the flood and revealed astrological secrets of 677 00:39:03,960 --> 00:39:08,520 Speaker 3: the stars and planets. To Enoch, Uriel is synonymous with Aeriel, 678 00:39:08,920 --> 00:39:14,560 Speaker 3: which we already discussed as a major Uranian moon. Interesting now, Prospero, 679 00:39:14,719 --> 00:39:17,600 Speaker 3: the Uranian moon setting all that aside, is just discovered 680 00:39:17,680 --> 00:39:20,640 Speaker 3: by Gladman at All in nineteen ninety nine at the 681 00:39:20,640 --> 00:39:24,440 Speaker 3: Canada France Hawaii Telescope at Monarchy Observatory Nowland of Hawaii. 682 00:39:24,600 --> 00:39:28,040 Speaker 3: They and again they also discovered Stefano, Prospero, and Setebos 683 00:39:28,080 --> 00:39:31,240 Speaker 3: at the same time. It has a retrograde orbit. Orbital 684 00:39:31,280 --> 00:39:35,799 Speaker 3: details suggests it shares common origin with Serrax and Setibas, 685 00:39:36,160 --> 00:39:40,040 Speaker 3: but its gray colorations suggest otherwise. So it's from what 686 00:39:40,120 --> 00:39:42,080 Speaker 3: I was looking at it sounds like there's still some 687 00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:43,960 Speaker 3: you know, some unknowns about. 688 00:39:43,719 --> 00:39:44,480 Speaker 1: It for sure. 689 00:39:45,239 --> 00:39:47,799 Speaker 3: Now I personally found it kind of amusing, you know, 690 00:39:47,960 --> 00:39:50,439 Speaker 3: looking back again at the Shakespeare, it's amusing to see 691 00:39:50,440 --> 00:39:54,840 Speaker 3: that Prospero in the Tempest mentions moons and the god Neptune, 692 00:39:54,880 --> 00:39:57,880 Speaker 3: but of course not Uranus, obviously not the planet, but 693 00:39:58,280 --> 00:40:01,400 Speaker 3: also not the god. But there is this wonderful little 694 00:40:01,440 --> 00:40:04,839 Speaker 3: bit here that I wanted to read. Prospero says, ye 695 00:40:04,880 --> 00:40:08,920 Speaker 3: elves of hills brooks, standing lakes and groves, and ye 696 00:40:09,080 --> 00:40:12,400 Speaker 3: that on the sands with printless foot, do chase the 697 00:40:12,440 --> 00:40:16,160 Speaker 3: ebbing Neptune, and do fly him when he comes back. 698 00:40:16,239 --> 00:40:20,080 Speaker 3: You dimmy puppets, that by moonshine, do the green sour 699 00:40:20,160 --> 00:40:23,759 Speaker 3: ringlets make where all the u not bites. And you 700 00:40:23,880 --> 00:40:27,920 Speaker 3: whose pastime is to make midnight mushrooms, that rejoice to 701 00:40:27,960 --> 00:40:31,960 Speaker 3: hear the solemn curfew, by whose aid week masters, though 702 00:40:32,040 --> 00:40:34,680 Speaker 3: ye be I have bedimmed. 703 00:40:34,920 --> 00:40:38,799 Speaker 1: Speak for yourself. I don't make midnight mushrooms. You know. 704 00:40:38,840 --> 00:40:40,880 Speaker 1: I'm struck. How often if you look at a passage 705 00:40:40,880 --> 00:40:44,480 Speaker 1: from Shakespeare that is a reference to a I don't know, 706 00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:50,239 Speaker 1: a fairy or magical creature or someone doing sorcery. The 707 00:40:50,400 --> 00:40:54,680 Speaker 1: language employed could easily pass for lyrics to space Rock 708 00:40:54,760 --> 00:40:55,960 Speaker 1: of later centuries. 709 00:40:56,719 --> 00:40:59,680 Speaker 3: Yeah, all right, the next one is setibas we have 710 00:41:00,160 --> 00:41:05,320 Speaker 3: to already. The Shakespearean connection is that Cigarax and Caliban 711 00:41:05,600 --> 00:41:09,080 Speaker 3: are said to worship said it Boss in the Tempest. 712 00:41:09,360 --> 00:41:12,920 Speaker 3: But the name was prior to this, it seems, the 713 00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:17,000 Speaker 3: name of an actual Patagonian god. I was reading up 714 00:41:17,040 --> 00:41:20,200 Speaker 3: on this a little bit. Shakespeare apparently took the name 715 00:41:20,440 --> 00:41:24,440 Speaker 3: from Richard Eden's sixteenth century accounts of Magellan's experiences with 716 00:41:24,520 --> 00:41:28,239 Speaker 3: Patagonian natives, which, of course we always have to take 717 00:41:28,280 --> 00:41:31,920 Speaker 3: an enormous grain of salt in such accounts, you know, 718 00:41:31,960 --> 00:41:37,840 Speaker 3: concerning some of the finer details of people's beliefs and practices. 719 00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:41,359 Speaker 3: But this according to a work I was looking at 720 00:41:41,360 --> 00:41:44,920 Speaker 3: by Charles Frey titled The Tempest in the New World, 721 00:41:45,040 --> 00:41:48,560 Speaker 3: getting into these various connections between Shakespeare's The Tempest and 722 00:41:49,040 --> 00:41:53,160 Speaker 3: information that was coming out of exploration of the New 723 00:41:53,160 --> 00:41:56,960 Speaker 3: World of the Americas. In Eden's work, he writes of 724 00:41:57,080 --> 00:42:00,680 Speaker 3: natives who quote cried upon the great devil Boss to 725 00:42:00,800 --> 00:42:04,440 Speaker 3: help them again, you know, the grain of salt, to 726 00:42:04,480 --> 00:42:07,520 Speaker 3: say the least, concerning some of these accounts of other 727 00:42:07,719 --> 00:42:12,360 Speaker 3: peoples and cultures and their practices. Also, poet Robert Browning 728 00:42:12,400 --> 00:42:15,880 Speaker 3: would later write a poem inspired by the Tempest Caliban 729 00:42:16,239 --> 00:42:22,040 Speaker 3: upon Setibas. Also of note, the giant Antarctic octopus is 730 00:42:22,080 --> 00:42:27,680 Speaker 3: classified as megalodone Setiboss, which I thought was interesting. But anyway, 731 00:42:27,719 --> 00:42:30,720 Speaker 3: Setibas the moon discovered by Gladman at All in nineteen 732 00:42:30,800 --> 00:42:33,680 Speaker 3: ninety nine. Again this was the Canada, France Hawaii Telescope, 733 00:42:33,800 --> 00:42:37,120 Speaker 3: and again they discovered the Stefano, Prospero and Setibas at 734 00:42:37,160 --> 00:42:40,720 Speaker 3: the same time, retrograde orbit one of the farthest moons 735 00:42:40,960 --> 00:42:45,280 Speaker 3: more than eleven million miles or seventeen million kilometers out. 736 00:42:45,520 --> 00:42:48,000 Speaker 1: Well, I guess that about does it for our trip 737 00:42:48,040 --> 00:42:50,600 Speaker 1: to Uranus and exploration of the moons. 738 00:42:50,920 --> 00:42:54,799 Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, it's been fun. Most of these I really 739 00:42:54,840 --> 00:42:57,440 Speaker 3: wasn't that familiar with. And again this is unlike the 740 00:42:57,480 --> 00:43:00,279 Speaker 3: Jupiter and Saturn. We actually could take time to go 741 00:43:00,360 --> 00:43:02,239 Speaker 3: through them blow by blow, even if there's not much 742 00:43:02,239 --> 00:43:04,800 Speaker 3: to know about them currently, you know, given our current 743 00:43:04,880 --> 00:43:08,479 Speaker 3: knowledge of the Uranian satellite system. But still pretty fun 744 00:43:08,960 --> 00:43:13,680 Speaker 3: to explore I also enjoyed looking into some of the namesakes, 745 00:43:13,719 --> 00:43:17,000 Speaker 3: because yeah, there's some Shakespeare plays. I'm more up on 746 00:43:17,280 --> 00:43:20,200 Speaker 3: some of these. Even like Midsummer Night's Dream, I feel 747 00:43:20,239 --> 00:43:23,360 Speaker 3: like I like intentionally didn't learn much about it in school, 748 00:43:23,400 --> 00:43:25,160 Speaker 3: like I thought I was. I thought I was too 749 00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:27,200 Speaker 3: cool and dark for Midsummer Night's Dream. I was like, 750 00:43:27,640 --> 00:43:29,839 Speaker 3: you know, give me, I gotta have Macbeth. I can't 751 00:43:29,840 --> 00:43:31,920 Speaker 3: an my time for Midsummer Night's Stream. So you know, 752 00:43:31,960 --> 00:43:35,319 Speaker 3: I ultimately cheated myself out of out of some goodness there. 753 00:43:35,840 --> 00:43:39,200 Speaker 1: Well, I'm still reeling from the way you discouraged Margaret, 754 00:43:39,360 --> 00:43:42,399 Speaker 1: and I won't have you speak that way about the 755 00:43:42,440 --> 00:43:45,680 Speaker 1: irregular moon Margaret. In fact, who are you to say 756 00:43:45,680 --> 00:43:48,319 Speaker 1: Margaret is irregular? I demand satisfaction. 757 00:43:49,040 --> 00:43:50,839 Speaker 3: We'll see about upgrading her, see if we can make 758 00:43:50,880 --> 00:43:54,360 Speaker 3: her a regular moon. Yeah, all right, Well, we're going 759 00:43:54,440 --> 00:43:56,359 Speaker 3: to go and close this episode out here. Let us 760 00:43:56,360 --> 00:43:58,560 Speaker 3: know what you think. If you have thoughts about you know, 761 00:43:58,640 --> 00:44:03,680 Speaker 3: there's any of the the actual planetary lunar stuff that 762 00:44:03,680 --> 00:44:05,920 Speaker 3: we've discussed in these episodes, or if you lean the 763 00:44:05,960 --> 00:44:07,960 Speaker 3: other way and you have stuff you want to add 764 00:44:07,960 --> 00:44:12,160 Speaker 3: about the mythological or literary inspirations for the various namings 765 00:44:12,600 --> 00:44:15,080 Speaker 3: of the Uranian moons. So yeah, right in about that, 766 00:44:15,120 --> 00:44:16,640 Speaker 3: we'd love to hear from you and if you want 767 00:44:16,719 --> 00:44:19,000 Speaker 3: us to keep going. If you were like, yes, let's 768 00:44:19,000 --> 00:44:22,160 Speaker 3: get to Neptune and talk about the moons of Neptune, 769 00:44:22,200 --> 00:44:24,279 Speaker 3: let's do it sooner rather than later, let us know. 770 00:44:24,560 --> 00:44:26,560 Speaker 3: Or if you are like, well, I want to go 771 00:44:26,560 --> 00:44:28,920 Speaker 3: to Neptune, but I think you should wait a year 772 00:44:29,040 --> 00:44:32,880 Speaker 3: or two like you've been doing between lunar episodes, then 773 00:44:33,120 --> 00:44:36,480 Speaker 3: that's fair too. Either way, let us know. Just a 774 00:44:36,520 --> 00:44:39,359 Speaker 3: reminder that core episodes of Stuff to Blow Your Mind 775 00:44:39,400 --> 00:44:42,040 Speaker 3: publishing the Stuff to Blow Your Mind podcast feed on 776 00:44:42,040 --> 00:44:45,160 Speaker 3: Tuesdays and Thursdays. Yeah, they are primarily a science podcast, 777 00:44:45,160 --> 00:44:47,480 Speaker 3: and that's where you'll find those core science episodes. On 778 00:44:47,560 --> 00:44:50,160 Speaker 3: Mondays we do listener mail, on Wednesdays we do a 779 00:44:50,160 --> 00:44:52,920 Speaker 3: short form artifact or monster fact episode, and on Fridays 780 00:44:52,920 --> 00:44:55,000 Speaker 3: we set aside most serious concerns to just talk about 781 00:44:55,000 --> 00:44:56,600 Speaker 3: a weird film on Weird House Cinema. 782 00:44:56,719 --> 00:45:00,200 Speaker 1: Huge thanks to our audio producer JJ Posway. If you 783 00:45:00,200 --> 00:45:02,080 Speaker 1: would like to get in touch with us with feedback 784 00:45:02,120 --> 00:45:04,520 Speaker 1: on this episode or any other to suggest a topic 785 00:45:04,520 --> 00:45:06,879 Speaker 1: for the future, or just to say hello. You can 786 00:45:06,960 --> 00:45:09,680 Speaker 1: email us at contact at stuff to Blow your Mind 787 00:45:09,840 --> 00:45:17,759 Speaker 1: dot com. 788 00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:20,759 Speaker 2: Stuff to Blow Your Mind is production of iHeartRadio. For 789 00:45:20,840 --> 00:45:24,680 Speaker 2: more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 790 00:45:24,760 --> 00:45:40,080 Speaker 2: or wherever you're listening to your favorite shows.