WEBVTT - White Elephants 0:00:01.400 --> 0:00:04.600 For the last few episodes, you've heard about FIFA's historical 0:00:04.720 --> 0:00:10.360 fondness for brutal authoritarians. Specifically, it's a Paulium behavior in Chile, 0:00:10.840 --> 0:00:14.360 South Africa, and Argentina in the nineteen sixties and seventies, 0:00:15.240 --> 0:00:19.640 So you might ask, has FIFA changed, Has it learned 0:00:19.880 --> 0:00:25.720 any lessons? Of course not, It's FIFA, and that brings 0:00:25.800 --> 0:00:30.520 us to today's episode, a more modern tale about FIFA's avarice. 0:00:31.520 --> 0:00:35.560 When faced with the choice between prophets and human rights 0:00:35.720 --> 0:00:38.680 ethics and good conduct in Brazil in two thousand and fourteen, 0:00:39.840 --> 0:00:44.040 FIFA did what it always does. It put profits first, 0:00:45.120 --> 0:00:53.520 screw the consequences. I'm Connor Powell. This is episode ten, 0:00:54.400 --> 0:01:02.120 White Elephants. If you travel inland a thousand miles or 0:01:02.120 --> 0:01:05.320 so on the murky waters of the Amazon River, they're 0:01:05.400 --> 0:01:07.840 likely to catch a glimpse of the three toed sloth, 0:01:08.319 --> 0:01:12.960 an animal so slow algae literally grows all over its body. 0:01:13.440 --> 0:01:17.200 You might encounter charismatic and talkative Gold and bluem maccause, 0:01:17.280 --> 0:01:21.520 by the score their voices loud as hell, you will, 0:01:21.600 --> 0:01:24.960 without a doubt see the massive pink nose river dolphin 0:01:25.400 --> 0:01:28.640 and incredibly social mammal is excited to see you as 0:01:28.760 --> 0:01:33.200 you are to see it. But there's another species out there, 0:01:33.800 --> 0:01:38.840 an invasive one. It's the great white elephant. They've pushed 0:01:38.840 --> 0:01:41.679 people by the thousands out of their homes in trampled 0:01:41.720 --> 0:01:47.480 the fragile budgets of local governments. The Amazon, which sits 0:01:47.560 --> 0:01:50.400 mostly in the soccer moutination of Brazil, is the size 0:01:50.480 --> 0:01:55.600 of Spain, France, Italy, Sweden and Greece combined, teeming with 0:01:56.040 --> 0:02:00.480 wildlife found no worlds. A massive river runs through its rainfalls, 0:02:01.080 --> 0:02:06.360 and it's in Brazil where this white elephant infestation grows, 0:02:06.400 --> 0:02:09.280 from the remote city of Manaus to the cattle town 0:02:09.280 --> 0:02:13.720 of Cuieba to the nation's capital of Brazilia. The white 0:02:13.720 --> 0:02:18.640 elephants arrived in two thousand and fourteen, raised and then 0:02:18.680 --> 0:02:23.680 abandoned by the organization known as FIVA. The twelve state 0:02:23.720 --> 0:02:27.240 of the art stadium is built or refurbished, are turning 0:02:27.280 --> 0:02:31.600 into wide elephants, proving too costly to maintain. The white 0:02:31.600 --> 0:02:34.560 elephants of Brazil are not like the native creatures that 0:02:34.639 --> 0:02:39.120 make the Amazon such a rich envirobrant place. No, these 0:02:39.280 --> 0:02:42.839 needy beasts are state of the art soccer stadiums made 0:02:42.840 --> 0:02:48.280 of concrete, steel and glass, built to satisfy FIVA's punishing 0:02:48.320 --> 0:02:52.240 requirements for host countries to live up to World Cup standards. 0:02:52.560 --> 0:02:55.320 This brand new stadium is the jewel in Manoa's is crown, 0:02:55.600 --> 0:02:58.680 designed in the shape of a traditional basket, the seats 0:02:58.720 --> 0:03:02.040 are the colors of amazon in fruits. At a cost 0:03:02.080 --> 0:03:05.880 of three hundred million dollars alone, the arena of the 0:03:05.919 --> 0:03:09.880 Amazon and the middle of Brazil's tropical rainforest was supposed 0:03:09.919 --> 0:03:14.080 to transform Annouse, a sleepy river city for the better. 0:03:14.600 --> 0:03:17.400 Some see the lavish temple to football as an investment 0:03:17.400 --> 0:03:21.040 that will attract tourists into the area. No expense was spared, 0:03:21.639 --> 0:03:25.800 and that's in part because construction was a logistical nightmare. 0:03:27.240 --> 0:03:30.440 Thousand seeds stadium was built hundreds of miles away from 0:03:30.480 --> 0:03:35.760 Brazil's nearest population center and besieged by months of torrential downpource. 0:03:36.160 --> 0:03:38.720 At help save time, parts of the stadium, like the roof, 0:03:38.800 --> 0:03:42.360 for being built in other locations. Mannouse is so remote 0:03:42.560 --> 0:03:45.640 that it's almost impossible to reach by car, which is 0:03:45.640 --> 0:03:48.600 why officials had to have the stadium materials brought in 0:03:48.640 --> 0:03:54.400 by boat, most of it prefabricated in Portugal. Undred tons 0:03:54.440 --> 0:03:57.080 of steel had to be barged up the Amazon River. 0:03:57.800 --> 0:04:02.400 Despite the astronomical cost, The arena of the Amazon hosted 0:04:02.480 --> 0:04:06.800 just four World Cup games before it was basically abandoned. 0:04:07.480 --> 0:04:10.800 Aside from a few Brazilian national team matches, a handful 0:04:10.840 --> 0:04:16.000 of birthday parties, and the occasional evangelical Christian revival, it 0:04:16.080 --> 0:04:18.440 is sat largely empty ever since the two thousand and 0:04:18.440 --> 0:04:23.560 fourteen World Cup. The Manous economy just can't support a 0:04:23.680 --> 0:04:27.120 stadium of the size FIFA demanded with all of its 0:04:27.120 --> 0:04:30.640 sky boxes and luxury suites. Manawas doesn't have a first 0:04:30.720 --> 0:04:33.480 league football team, and most of the locals can't afford 0:04:33.520 --> 0:04:36.880 tickets to the games. As officials and Manus search for 0:04:37.160 --> 0:04:41.880 new uses for the stadium, the white Elephant deteriorates under 0:04:41.920 --> 0:04:45.560 the heat and humidity of the Amazon. One loose tongue 0:04:45.600 --> 0:04:50.280 civil servant even suggested this could become a holding zone 0:04:50.400 --> 0:04:55.120 for prisoners en route to more permanent jails. You heard 0:04:55.120 --> 0:04:59.800 that right, turn a world class soccer stadium into a prison. 0:05:01.000 --> 0:05:04.080 And yet the stadium in Manouse isn't even the worst 0:05:04.120 --> 0:05:08.200 example of Brazil's wasteful spending to meet FIFA's demands. Everything 0:05:08.200 --> 0:05:13.200 about Manega Ainsia Stadium is big, a towering presence in Brazilia. 0:05:13.279 --> 0:05:16.440 At a cost of nearly eight hundred million dollars, it 0:05:16.520 --> 0:05:18.919 was the most expensive stadium the country, built for the 0:05:18.960 --> 0:05:22.159 two thousand fourteen World Cup. These days, there's very little 0:05:22.160 --> 0:05:25.680 football being played at the world's second most expensive stadium. 0:05:25.920 --> 0:05:30.040 In fact, it mostly says empty. Like in Mannouse, there's 0:05:30.080 --> 0:05:32.880 no first division soccer team to bring in fans to 0:05:33.000 --> 0:05:37.080 fill the seats. The occasional football exhibition matches are not 0:05:37.240 --> 0:05:40.599 enough to sustain the five million dollars a year to 0:05:40.720 --> 0:05:45.680 maintain the stadium, and like in Manouse, Brazilia's officials are 0:05:45.720 --> 0:05:49.000 struggling to find ways to pay for the upkeep. Officials 0:05:49.080 --> 0:05:52.120 expected this stadium to be full, and at least one 0:05:52.160 --> 0:05:55.039 way it is, but not how they had hoped. The 0:05:55.160 --> 0:05:58.560 parking lot has been turned into a giant storage area 0:05:58.680 --> 0:06:01.599 for buses to turn. And white elephant refers to the 0:06:01.720 --> 0:06:05.159 ancient fable when a rare and prized white elephant is 0:06:05.200 --> 0:06:09.200 given as a gift by the king, the recipient is blessed. 0:06:09.880 --> 0:06:13.800 After all white elephants are sacred. The monarch favors you. 0:06:14.920 --> 0:06:19.280 Then you come to understand the curse. You can't afford 0:06:19.320 --> 0:06:23.200 defeat an elephant, and you can't give it away. It 0:06:23.279 --> 0:06:25.760 serves no practical purpose, and it's starting to eat you 0:06:25.800 --> 0:06:30.200 out of house and home. FIFA's gift of white elephants 0:06:30.200 --> 0:06:33.680 to Brazil has proven to be every bit the curse 0:06:33.760 --> 0:06:36.640 it was in the ancient tales. And what does it 0:06:36.680 --> 0:06:40.039 tell you when someone who knows all the downsides of 0:06:40.040 --> 0:06:43.479 the white elephant curse shows up at your door with 0:06:43.560 --> 0:06:47.560 an albino packadern and worse tells you it's gonna make 0:06:47.560 --> 0:06:53.479 you rich. Sounds like a grift right well. When FIFA 0:06:53.560 --> 0:06:58.120 arrived in Brazil with designs for extravagant stadiums, it promised 0:06:58.120 --> 0:07:02.080 the country they enjoy riches and glory if they built them. 0:07:02.120 --> 0:07:06.960 Of course, FIFA does what is best for FIFA always. 0:07:08.440 --> 0:07:13.200 After the tournament, FIFA fat, with swollen bank accounts, walked 0:07:13.240 --> 0:07:16.080 away from Brazil, leaving the country to clean up its 0:07:16.080 --> 0:07:21.080 financial mess. If you want to understand how FIVA's insatiable 0:07:21.240 --> 0:07:26.280 appetite for profits hurts real people in real places, then 0:07:26.360 --> 0:07:29.560 sit back and you'll hear the tale of the two 0:07:29.640 --> 0:07:32.800 thousand and fourteen World Cup in Brazil and the Curse 0:07:33.080 --> 0:07:37.120 of the White Elephants, the gift that keeps on taking. 0:07:43.560 --> 0:07:48.080 The lines outside of sal Pollo's Arena Corinthians were unbearably 0:07:48.120 --> 0:07:51.800 long and disorganized. Now with the full kick off, long 0:07:51.920 --> 0:07:56.840 queues of ticket jacks, thousands of excited fans, many dressed 0:07:56.840 --> 0:07:59.560 in the iconic black with white striped jerseys of the 0:07:59.600 --> 0:08:04.760 homeside Corinthians, jostle as overwhelmed ticket takers struggled with the 0:08:04.840 --> 0:08:08.560 surge of bodies. Eventually, the queues got so bad that 0:08:08.640 --> 0:08:11.600 they were simply let through. With a little more than 0:08:11.640 --> 0:08:13.960 a week to go before the opening match of the 0:08:14.000 --> 0:08:17.400 two thousand and fourteen World Cup, FIFA had demanded the 0:08:17.440 --> 0:08:21.360 Brazilian Soccer Confederation stage a league match at the new 0:08:21.440 --> 0:08:26.200 stadium to iron out any issues, of which there were many. 0:08:26.440 --> 0:08:30.680 For instance, the roof wasn't finished. Despite pumping in more 0:08:30.720 --> 0:08:35.640 than three billion dollars yes, I said three billion dollars 0:08:35.640 --> 0:08:39.199 into the building of new stadiums, Most of Brazil's new 0:08:39.240 --> 0:08:43.920 and renovated arenas were over budget and way behind schedule. 0:08:44.840 --> 0:08:47.920 We saw a stund which last month was still being built. 0:08:48.240 --> 0:08:52.240 It seemed near a completion, but not near enough, as 0:08:52.360 --> 0:08:55.200 was clear once week I went into the arena and 0:08:55.240 --> 0:09:00.120 I was stunned. That's Andrew Downey, veteran foreign correspondent and 0:09:00.280 --> 0:09:03.600 lifelong soccer fan who, as you might have noticed by 0:09:03.600 --> 0:09:07.400 his accent, is from Scotland. Until recently he lived in 0:09:07.440 --> 0:09:09.960 Brazil and covered the run up to the two thousand 0:09:09.960 --> 0:09:12.560 and fourteen World Cup. One of the big reasons for 0:09:12.600 --> 0:09:15.800 Brazil hosting the World Cup was the Brazil needed more 0:09:16.640 --> 0:09:19.800 and better infrastructure for the World Cup. You need you know, 0:09:19.920 --> 0:09:22.000 roads and airports and trains and busses and all that 0:09:22.080 --> 0:09:24.880 kind of stuff, and it was a chance to modernize. 0:09:25.200 --> 0:09:29.080 And so the opportunity for Brazil in this World Cup 0:09:29.600 --> 0:09:32.280 was to add that infrastructure that would benefit the population 0:09:32.320 --> 0:09:35.360 because it was public money that was being used, and 0:09:35.480 --> 0:09:37.760 that was one of the great attractions of this World Cup. 0:09:37.960 --> 0:09:40.760 The government said, we will start building this infrastructure. This 0:09:40.840 --> 0:09:44.839 is our chance to upgrade and upgrade quickly. Downey was 0:09:44.920 --> 0:09:47.439 at that dry run match that day in June to 0:09:47.559 --> 0:09:51.920 see firsthand what years of FIVA's demands and the Brazilian 0:09:51.920 --> 0:09:56.720 government's promises looked like in practice. He navigated the long 0:09:56.760 --> 0:10:00.600 lines and remembers the chaos and clutter and then new 0:10:00.800 --> 0:10:04.440 still unfinished stadium. There was still lots to do, but 0:10:05.240 --> 0:10:09.120 one part was absolutely finished and that stuck out as 0:10:09.200 --> 0:10:14.000 much as anything. There was this enormous, enormous, welcoming nedial 0:10:14.080 --> 0:10:18.920 foy inside the stadium and it was the most beautifully 0:10:18.920 --> 0:10:22.079 appointed thing you've ever seen, and I was just thinking, 0:10:22.760 --> 0:10:26.800 why is all this so necessary? Like the foyer, the 0:10:26.960 --> 0:10:30.360 luxury suites were not only finished, it looked like they 0:10:30.360 --> 0:10:35.160 were plucked straight out of the taj Mahal. It was 0:10:35.760 --> 0:10:40.200 what the lords of soccer expected, what they demanded of 0:10:40.280 --> 0:10:44.720 so called FIFA quality stadiums. I remember walking into the 0:10:44.760 --> 0:10:49.040 toilets and it was like walking into the toilets at 0:10:49.080 --> 0:10:54.240 the Four Seasons because everything was marble. You know, I'm 0:10:54.280 --> 0:10:57.280 from Scotland, you know, I grew up watching my team 0:10:57.360 --> 0:11:00.679 Hibs in the eighties and nineties and not remember when 0:11:00.679 --> 0:11:02.160 you went to the toilet, the toilet was a wall 0:11:02.200 --> 0:11:05.120 at the back of the stadium, right. I've obviously got 0:11:05.120 --> 0:11:07.800 suggested that you should have that in the World Cup venue, 0:11:08.120 --> 0:11:10.959 but I just thought, is it really necessary for the 0:11:11.040 --> 0:11:16.360 Fruitball stadium to have model bathrooms? Where these new marble 0:11:16.440 --> 0:11:20.640 bathrooms and the majestic foyer really necessary for a month 0:11:20.679 --> 0:11:25.360 long tournament, Downey wasn't the only one asking whether marble 0:11:25.440 --> 0:11:31.120 bathrooms and the majestic foyer were worth the cost. For months, 0:11:31.160 --> 0:11:35.520 in the soccer mad nation, where the cliche soccer is 0:11:35.600 --> 0:11:39.560 like a religion is used without irony, Brazilians have been 0:11:39.600 --> 0:11:45.000 protesting the reports of financial excess and corruption to struggle 0:11:45.120 --> 0:11:50.040 to satisfy FIFA's stadium standards, and impressed the global soccer 0:11:50.120 --> 0:12:05.520 community was ripping Brazil apart. On June two thousand and thirteen, 0:12:06.600 --> 0:12:10.200 as the sun set over Rio de Janeiro, the lights 0:12:10.240 --> 0:12:14.000 of its fame mark and a stadium came on, illuminating 0:12:14.080 --> 0:12:18.360 the pitch. Ahead of the Confederation's Cup match between Tahitian Spain, 0:12:20.200 --> 0:12:23.680 hundreds of thousands of Brazilians marched through the city streets 0:12:23.720 --> 0:12:28.640 towards the stadium. They weren't heading for the game. The 0:12:28.720 --> 0:12:33.160 streets have been filled with protests for weeks, some turning violent. 0:12:34.240 --> 0:12:37.800 Brazil is a place with protests. Crowds have invaded the 0:12:37.880 --> 0:12:42.000 streets to voice that discontent with the government. The protesters 0:12:42.040 --> 0:12:45.600 came from different backgrounds. Rebellious students were joined by middle 0:12:45.640 --> 0:12:50.000 class professionals, left wing activists joined by traditional stay at 0:12:50.040 --> 0:12:59.160 home mothers. Together as a group, they moved closer. Police 0:12:59.480 --> 0:13:03.160 dressed like characters out of a Marvel's Avengers movie, went 0:13:03.200 --> 0:13:06.959 into battle with newly purchased riot helmets and plexiglass shields. 0:13:07.440 --> 0:13:09.960 They opened fire with a volley of rubber bullets and 0:13:10.000 --> 0:13:15.880 tear gas. These clashes between police and protesters had been 0:13:15.880 --> 0:13:21.680 on repeat, night after night after night across Brazil. The trigger. 0:13:22.480 --> 0:13:26.000 The government had jacked up bus fares to cover the 0:13:26.040 --> 0:13:30.440 costs of construction for the sleek, new modern stadiums FIFA 0:13:30.520 --> 0:13:33.200 required for the two thousand and fourteen World Cup. The 0:13:33.240 --> 0:13:36.439 government has spent more than eleven billion dollars getting ready. 0:13:36.520 --> 0:13:40.000 It had begun peacefully, with about one thousand protesters moving 0:13:40.040 --> 0:13:43.280 towards the stadium, demanding that the government spent more money 0:13:43.320 --> 0:13:48.960 on health than education rather than sporting events. People to say, 0:13:49.000 --> 0:13:52.920 we are fit up, we want changes. That's Carlos Vanier, 0:13:53.320 --> 0:13:56.400 a professor of urban and regional planning at the Federal 0:13:56.480 --> 0:14:01.079 University of Rio de Janeira. Veneer, was one of the protesters, 0:14:01.160 --> 0:14:05.520 marching with his family. As the protests grew, he remembers 0:14:05.640 --> 0:14:09.840 so too did the brutality of the police response. The police, 0:14:09.960 --> 0:14:13.560 he said, we're under pressure from the Brazilian government and 0:14:13.760 --> 0:14:18.600 FIFA to protect the stadiums and the soccer facilities. Donny 0:14:18.760 --> 0:14:24.560 was there too, and he confirms Veneer's account. You would 0:14:24.600 --> 0:14:28.920 have these big matches and outside Colomba from the stadium, 0:14:29.000 --> 0:14:31.160 you would have tens of thousands of people on the 0:14:31.200 --> 0:14:32.760 streets and the police would come in. The police would 0:14:32.760 --> 0:14:35.440 fire Robert bullets and the police would fire tear gas 0:14:35.720 --> 0:14:38.920 and it was a uh, it was a big deal. 0:14:39.760 --> 0:14:42.680 The more the police trying to reign in the protest 0:14:42.920 --> 0:14:46.560 from Porto Allegra to sell Paolo to Rio, the more 0:14:46.640 --> 0:14:52.400 they grew. The repression provoked more anger and more people 0:14:52.960 --> 0:14:55.640 talk to the streets. These things are happening on a 0:14:55.720 --> 0:14:59.200 daily basis, and it was it was it was scary, 0:14:59.480 --> 0:15:05.280 to be honest. Chris Gaffney is an American researcher, academic, 0:15:05.720 --> 0:15:10.600 and yes protester. He became the English speaking international voice 0:15:10.600 --> 0:15:14.400 of the protest movement. And I remember sitting very clearly 0:15:14.400 --> 0:15:16.440 on put of neither put as a dentity of Vatagus 0:15:17.240 --> 0:15:21.480 and being shot at by the police with concussion grenades 0:15:21.560 --> 0:15:24.200 or a bullets, and being chased on motorcycles and having 0:15:24.240 --> 0:15:27.520 to run through the streets of Rio to try to 0:15:27.520 --> 0:15:30.840 find a way home. The smell of tear gas was 0:15:30.920 --> 0:15:35.320 just like my cologne for the day. The contrast between 0:15:35.320 --> 0:15:40.680 old and new was painful. Brazil's inadequate and aging infrastructure, 0:15:40.880 --> 0:15:45.080 underfunded hospitals, and crowded schools, they all looked even more 0:15:45.240 --> 0:15:48.640 tired and beaten down in the light of the glistening 0:15:48.840 --> 0:15:53.560 new World Cup stadiums. It was so obvious that the 0:15:53.560 --> 0:15:55.880 basic needs of the people were not being attended to, 0:15:56.200 --> 0:16:00.520 and that FIFA quality stadiums were the priority, but FIFA 0:16:00.600 --> 0:16:04.240 quality hospitals were not, in that FIFA quality schools were not, 0:16:04.760 --> 0:16:07.600 And so this kind of FIFA standard or FIFA quality 0:16:07.760 --> 0:16:12.800 came to represent the bending over backwards in fealty to 0:16:12.920 --> 0:16:16.880 the desires of a Swiss non profit who managed to 0:16:16.920 --> 0:16:19.680 make four billion dollars in the four year cycle that 0:16:19.760 --> 0:16:22.760 led it that finished in two thousand fourteen. And so 0:16:22.880 --> 0:16:25.760 people saw this and were disgusted and took to the 0:16:25.800 --> 0:16:29.720 streets and were violently repressed by the very same mechanisms 0:16:29.800 --> 0:16:33.640 that were designed to secure the World Cup. Here again 0:16:33.920 --> 0:16:39.000 is Carlos Venier. The main slogan that many movements at 0:16:39.040 --> 0:16:47.920 that moment used is we want fair World Cup which 0:16:47.960 --> 0:16:52.520 that way to say we once soccer. We do not 0:16:52.880 --> 0:16:57.360 want spending billions of dollars on this. We do not 0:16:57.560 --> 0:17:14.520 have corruption of these, we want fair World Cup. The 0:17:14.680 --> 0:17:17.720 violence and anger in the streets of Brazil couldn't have 0:17:17.760 --> 0:17:21.680 been further from the optimism and joy just six years earlier, 0:17:21.920 --> 0:17:24.480 when FIFA President Sepp Ladder stood on a stage in 0:17:24.600 --> 0:17:27.280 Zurich and in front of the world, ripped open his 0:17:27.320 --> 0:17:33.800 white envelope to announce with five World Cup titles and 0:17:33.840 --> 0:17:37.960 a booming economy, Brazil seemed like a natural pick. There's 0:17:38.040 --> 0:17:41.840 no nation more passionate about soccer, and the South American 0:17:41.880 --> 0:17:47.000 giant hadn't hosted a World Cup since n Best known 0:17:47.000 --> 0:17:50.959 for its endless beaches and yearly carnival, these days, Brazil 0:17:51.080 --> 0:17:54.920 is developing a new calling card. It's economy, which most 0:17:54.960 --> 0:17:57.840 of the world's economy is stagnant, Brazil's is growing at 0:17:57.840 --> 0:18:02.040 seven percent. Sal Polo's stuck market is shattering records since 0:18:02.080 --> 0:18:05.520 the discovery of new offshore oil fields, the Brazilian oil 0:18:05.520 --> 0:18:09.960 industries booming. Brazil's president at the time, the left leaning 0:18:10.200 --> 0:18:14.840 Louis and Nazio Lula da Silva, often called just Lula 0:18:14.920 --> 0:18:18.080 for short, was one of the most popular politicians in 0:18:18.119 --> 0:18:21.520 the world, and he was eager to show that progress 0:18:21.520 --> 0:18:25.200 Brazil had made under his leadership. With low inflation, a 0:18:25.280 --> 0:18:29.720 shrinking inequality gap, and a religious deal for soccer, Brazil 0:18:29.840 --> 0:18:33.280 was a sporting nation on the rise. Nearly eight percent 0:18:33.359 --> 0:18:37.080 of Brazilian supported hosting the World Cup, with only ten 0:18:37.600 --> 0:18:42.239 firmly against it. On Lula's watch, Brazil had also been 0:18:42.240 --> 0:18:46.040 selected to host another international sporting event, the two thousand 0:18:46.040 --> 0:18:51.200 and sixteen Olympics. Journalist dave's Iron, who wrote Brazil's Dance 0:18:51.240 --> 0:18:54.879 with the Devil, a book all about Brazil's preparations for 0:18:54.920 --> 0:18:58.639 the World Cup and the Olympics, says Lula, backed by 0:18:58.680 --> 0:19:01.840 the nodding heads of fee Fund, the International Olympic Committee, 0:19:02.440 --> 0:19:06.080 promised that these world events would further transform the rapidly 0:19:06.160 --> 0:19:10.040 developing nation. This idea of bringing in the World Cup 0:19:10.320 --> 0:19:13.080 and then subsequently in the Olympics in two thousand and 0:19:13.119 --> 0:19:17.639 sixteen came with it so many promises about how this 0:19:17.720 --> 0:19:19.359 was going to be great for Brazil. It was gonna 0:19:19.400 --> 0:19:21.840 be great for Brazil economically, it was going to be 0:19:21.840 --> 0:19:25.320 great for Brazil socio politically, and it was going to 0:19:25.400 --> 0:19:27.760 be great for Brazil in terms of its global standing 0:19:28.200 --> 0:19:31.320 among the nations of the world. So it was all 0:19:31.359 --> 0:19:34.320 built on this idea that it was going to help 0:19:34.880 --> 0:19:38.320 while the opposite took place. As they say on Wall Street, 0:19:38.520 --> 0:19:43.080 markets go up and markets go down. By two thousand 0:19:43.080 --> 0:19:47.520 and thirteen, Brazil's booming economy wasn't just going down, it 0:19:47.640 --> 0:19:51.680 was crashing. A Latin America's large as economy is showing 0:19:51.720 --> 0:19:54.600 signs of a slowdown. And this is a difficult to watch. 0:19:54.920 --> 0:19:58.919 You see a very promising economy slowing down quite radically. 0:19:59.640 --> 0:20:03.120 To make matters worse, Lula had been termed out of office. 0:20:03.720 --> 0:20:07.480 Dilma Russaf, Lula's former chief of staff, was left to 0:20:07.520 --> 0:20:12.240 manage Lula's legacy and the economic crash. The money he 0:20:12.320 --> 0:20:15.399 remarked to build the new World Cup infrastructure began to 0:20:15.520 --> 0:20:21.320 rapidly disappear, Sucked up by construction and corruption, Brazil was 0:20:21.359 --> 0:20:24.840 forced to raise taxes, cut basic services, and borrow from 0:20:24.840 --> 0:20:28.560 international markets to pay for the ever increasing costs. There 0:20:28.640 --> 0:20:30.280 was a wide spread I can go to that all 0:20:30.320 --> 0:20:35.119 this money was being spent for FIFA and for football 0:20:35.359 --> 0:20:39.400 rather than being spent on ordinary Brazilians. It was two 0:20:39.400 --> 0:20:43.040 thousand and thirteen, and RUSSAF tried to thread the political 0:20:43.200 --> 0:20:49.120 pandering needle as protesters flooded Brazil's streets. She condemned the violence, 0:20:49.800 --> 0:20:53.359 but she said she also supported the protesters right to 0:20:53.440 --> 0:20:58.240 demonstrate and called for dialogue. What Dilma Russof didn't do 0:20:58.440 --> 0:21:02.040 was pushed back against FIFA. You know, the guys who 0:21:02.040 --> 0:21:05.760 were insisting not just on new stadiums, but particular style 0:21:05.840 --> 0:21:10.360 of new stadiums, with marble atriums and luxury suites. Scaling 0:21:10.400 --> 0:21:15.480 back the extravagance was not something FIFA would even contemplate. Meanwhile, 0:21:15.960 --> 0:21:21.080 resources for promised improvements through roads, subways, and airports related 0:21:21.119 --> 0:21:25.160 infrastructure that would benefit more than just soccer were redirected 0:21:25.160 --> 0:21:29.840 to help me FIFA stadium construction deadlines. The gap between 0:21:29.880 --> 0:21:33.280 what Brazilians have been promised and what they were seeing 0:21:33.320 --> 0:21:38.119 being built for FIFA only widened as the protests grew. 0:21:38.960 --> 0:21:44.040 FIFA did what it normally does stayed quiet, But behind 0:21:44.080 --> 0:21:47.760 the scenes, FIFA did not adjust or reevaluate their demands. 0:21:48.280 --> 0:21:53.199 What FIFA wanted FIFA was going to get. There are 0:21:53.240 --> 0:21:55.560 all sorts of like a death by a thousand cuts 0:21:56.040 --> 0:22:00.680 sent the economy into a downward spiral. And yet FIFA 0:22:01.160 --> 0:22:04.439 doesn't care if your economy is in bad shape. They 0:22:04.520 --> 0:22:09.119 want their FIFA quality stadiums. Dave's Iron says FIFA's indifference 0:22:09.280 --> 0:22:13.760 and greed had real world consequences. They felt like they 0:22:13.800 --> 0:22:17.520 needed to push ahead, which led to cost cutting, which 0:22:17.600 --> 0:22:21.080 led to corruption, which led to a lot of dissatisfaction 0:22:21.119 --> 0:22:24.120 among the people who felt like their needs were being 0:22:24.119 --> 0:22:33.680 ignored while stadiums were being built. The first punches were 0:22:33.720 --> 0:22:37.600 thrown seconds after the final whistle blew. The full row 0:22:37.840 --> 0:22:41.800 of green stadium seats came curling through the air and 0:22:41.880 --> 0:22:46.160 onto the pitch. Countless other pieces of trash and debris, 0:22:47.000 --> 0:22:50.760 some one fire came raining down from every part of 0:22:50.760 --> 0:22:55.040 the stadium. It was two thousand and nine. Hundreds of 0:22:55.080 --> 0:22:59.320 supporters of the Brazilian side Quarter Chiba storm their home pitch. 0:23:00.040 --> 0:23:04.600 Hackey clothed police officers swung their batons wildly and fired 0:23:04.640 --> 0:23:08.240 rubber bullets trying to be back the enraged soccer hooligans. 0:23:09.359 --> 0:23:14.040 The chaos erupted after core Achieva's shocking relegation to Brazil's 0:23:14.080 --> 0:23:18.520 domestic second division, meaning for non soccer fanatics, they had 0:23:18.520 --> 0:23:20.639 the worst record and so they got booted down to 0:23:20.680 --> 0:23:25.920 a lower division, their fans went ballistic. It was the 0:23:26.119 --> 0:23:29.960 very type of soccer violence Brazilian lawmakers had hoped to 0:23:30.160 --> 0:23:33.560 end when they banned the sale of alcohol and stadiums 0:23:33.640 --> 0:23:37.600 six years earlier. In two thousand three, the Brazilian government 0:23:37.640 --> 0:23:41.840 banned alcohol from stadiums because of the enormously high death 0:23:41.920 --> 0:23:46.200 rate amongst fans. Those stamping out all of the violence 0:23:46.400 --> 0:23:50.200 completely was proving to be difficult. That ban on alcohol 0:23:50.440 --> 0:23:53.800 had saved lives and helped reduced violence, But as the 0:23:53.800 --> 0:23:57.960 two thousand and fourteen tournament near Brazil's ban on alcohol 0:23:58.040 --> 0:24:02.360 and stadiums became a flashpoint of intention for World Cup organizers, 0:24:02.800 --> 0:24:06.040 Jerome Vodka, the General Secretary of football's world governing body, 0:24:06.320 --> 0:24:09.320 has urged the Brazilian government to approve a law which 0:24:09.359 --> 0:24:13.560 allows the sale of beer at World Cup venues. For 0:24:13.640 --> 0:24:17.000 more than twenty five years, the red Budweiser logo had 0:24:17.000 --> 0:24:21.879 adorned nearly every corner of FIFA's World Cup advertising. The 0:24:22.040 --> 0:24:25.240 King of Beers is one in a massive cavalcade of 0:24:25.280 --> 0:24:29.760 advertisers whose commercials bombard TV sets during World Cup matches. 0:24:31.080 --> 0:24:35.240 Brazil's ban on alcohol and stadiums threatened FIFA's money making machine, 0:24:36.119 --> 0:24:39.560 and the only thing worse than the loss and advertising 0:24:39.600 --> 0:24:42.920 for FIFA would be the loss of lucrative in game 0:24:42.960 --> 0:24:45.960 beer sales, and FIFA wasn't about to let that happen. 0:24:46.640 --> 0:24:51.159 Just listen to FIFA's General secretary Jerome Valc, I'm sorry 0:24:51.160 --> 0:24:53.199 to say, and maybe I look a bit arrogance, but 0:24:53.720 --> 0:24:56.080 that's something will not negotiate to. I mean there will 0:24:56.160 --> 0:24:58.800 be and the MusB a spot of the of the law, 0:24:59.320 --> 0:25:02.639 the fact that we have the right to sell beer. 0:25:03.520 --> 0:25:06.679 Brazil had enacted this band in two thousand and three, 0:25:07.320 --> 0:25:11.480 faced with a staggering level of soccer violence and preventable deaths, 0:25:12.080 --> 0:25:16.119 It's hard to argue this law wasn't completely reasonable. And 0:25:16.280 --> 0:25:19.920 yet FIVA, a nonprofit who stayed admission is to grow 0:25:19.960 --> 0:25:23.800 and protect the game of soccer, not to earn money, 0:25:24.040 --> 0:25:28.320 demanded Brazil removed the band, which, of course Brazil ended 0:25:28.400 --> 0:25:32.440 up doing. Beer would be sold at World Cup games, 0:25:32.480 --> 0:25:35.160 but at least if FIFA was going to make money 0:25:35.200 --> 0:25:38.000 off of beer sales, Brazil could count on tax revenue 0:25:38.040 --> 0:25:41.080 and profit sharing is part of its hosting duties right well, 0:25:41.080 --> 0:25:44.080 and they're going to make money as well as all 0:25:44.119 --> 0:25:46.760 money this FIFA makes the money. This is where the 0:25:46.800 --> 0:25:50.679 controversy is. The country usually doesn't make money. FIFA, the 0:25:50.800 --> 0:25:53.880 organization of the World Cup, is who makes the money. 0:25:54.080 --> 0:25:59.480 Despite spending north of three billion dollars on FIFA required stadiums, 0:26:00.160 --> 0:26:03.920 ending public safety laws aimed at preventing alcohol related violence, 0:26:04.600 --> 0:26:08.440 Brazil wasn't guaranteed a penny for hosting the World Cup tournament. 0:26:08.760 --> 0:26:11.840 That is, FIFA and its FIFA subsidiaries that are fully 0:26:11.920 --> 0:26:16.200 exempt from any text whatsoever levied at whatever level, state level, 0:26:16.600 --> 0:26:21.200 municipality level, all sorts of texas, consumption, texas income, texas, 0:26:21.560 --> 0:26:25.720 you name it, its all exempt. Remember, the rules of 0:26:25.720 --> 0:26:29.000 the game are rigged by FIVA for FIFA. So not 0:26:29.119 --> 0:26:32.040 only is FIFA blessed with a tax exemption as part 0:26:32.080 --> 0:26:36.359 of its hosting requirements, so are all FIFA's corporate sponsors. 0:26:37.200 --> 0:26:41.640 In two thousand and fourteen, Brazil spent fifteen billion dollars 0:26:41.680 --> 0:26:45.439 to host the World Cup. FIVA earned nearly five billion 0:26:45.480 --> 0:26:49.720 dollars from World Cup advertising deals and sponsorship agreements. Brazil's 0:26:49.760 --> 0:26:57.440 cut zero the final insult FIFA security demands. FIVA, of course, 0:26:57.520 --> 0:27:00.960 understood the hazards of combining alcohol and a fan base 0:27:01.040 --> 0:27:05.080 with a history of soccer violence. Drunken hooliganism has been 0:27:05.119 --> 0:27:08.720 an issue in world soccer for decades, but add to 0:27:08.760 --> 0:27:13.040 the mix a population worried about a crashing economy and 0:27:13.200 --> 0:27:18.160 angry at the bejeweled stadium springing up amidst a crumbling infrastructure, 0:27:18.680 --> 0:27:21.400 and the two thousand and fourteen World Cup was beginning 0:27:21.400 --> 0:27:33.080 to look like a powder keg ready to explode. As 0:27:33.080 --> 0:27:36.800 soccer fans lined up to inner Rio's Maracana Stadium July 0:27:37.600 --> 0:27:41.640 two thousand and fourteen for the final game, the images 0:27:41.680 --> 0:27:46.600 were dazzling. Argentinian fans wore the classic light blue and 0:27:46.680 --> 0:27:51.240 white striped jerseys. Germany's fans don white and red Adiita's 0:27:51.280 --> 0:27:55.320 tops with black trim mixed in, where the bright, almost 0:27:55.520 --> 0:28:00.399 electric yellow kits of host country Brazil standing in stark 0:28:00.680 --> 0:28:04.000 contrast all the bright colors where the drab al of 0:28:04.119 --> 0:28:08.919