1 00:00:02,520 --> 00:00:05,520 Speaker 1: Happy Saturday. This episode is coming out on the three 2 00:00:05,640 --> 00:00:09,800 Speaker 1: hundred eightieth birthday of Hortense Mancini, who was born on 3 00:00:09,920 --> 00:00:12,960 Speaker 1: June sixth, sixteen forty six. She is one of the 4 00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:16,800 Speaker 1: two Mancini sisters we talk about in Today's Saturday Classic. 5 00:00:17,280 --> 00:00:21,000 Speaker 1: This episode originally came out on November fourteenth, twenty twenty two. 6 00:00:21,520 --> 00:00:27,400 Speaker 1: Enjoy Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a 7 00:00:27,440 --> 00:00:37,640 Speaker 1: production of iHeartRadio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 8 00:00:37,680 --> 00:00:41,479 Speaker 1: Tracy V. Wilson and I'm Holly Frye. Today we are 9 00:00:41,520 --> 00:00:45,239 Speaker 1: going to talk about a pair of sisters who, along 10 00:00:45,320 --> 00:00:48,280 Speaker 1: with their other sisters and their cousins, get a lot 11 00:00:48,320 --> 00:00:54,120 Speaker 1: of comparisons to whatever influencer, slash media celebrity is making 12 00:00:54,160 --> 00:00:57,440 Speaker 1: the most headlines at any given moment. Like over the 13 00:00:57,480 --> 00:00:59,200 Speaker 1: past few years, I've seen a lot of people call 14 00:00:59,280 --> 00:01:04,240 Speaker 1: them the seventeenth century Kardashians. They are Hortense and Marie Mancini, 15 00:01:04,360 --> 00:01:06,920 Speaker 1: and they tried to make a place for themselves in 16 00:01:06,959 --> 00:01:11,840 Speaker 1: the seventeenth century in Europe, really defying all kinds of 17 00:01:11,959 --> 00:01:17,160 Speaker 1: conventions along the way. We mentioned them extremely briefly, like 18 00:01:17,760 --> 00:01:20,840 Speaker 1: just a couple of sentences way back when we interviewed 19 00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:25,560 Speaker 1: Jason Porath about his book and website Rejected Princesses in 20 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:29,679 Speaker 1: twenty sixteen, so they've had not even like a six 21 00:01:29,760 --> 00:01:33,600 Speaker 1: impossible episodes level of exploration. It just really is just 22 00:01:33,680 --> 00:01:37,360 Speaker 1: like paragraph. A thing to note upfront with this episode 23 00:01:37,760 --> 00:01:41,280 Speaker 1: is that I love a lot of these two women's stories. 24 00:01:41,360 --> 00:01:44,319 Speaker 1: There are big chunks of their lives that are a 25 00:01:44,440 --> 00:01:47,480 Speaker 1: really wild ride, and they sound full of adventure and 26 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:51,800 Speaker 1: daring and writing memoirs and hosting salons and becoming the 27 00:01:51,840 --> 00:01:55,360 Speaker 1: favorites of various monarchs. But really a lot of this 28 00:01:56,080 --> 00:01:58,560 Speaker 1: was also happening as they were trying to get away 29 00:01:58,560 --> 00:02:02,520 Speaker 1: from their husbands, both of whom were controlling and abusive 30 00:02:02,600 --> 00:02:05,240 Speaker 1: and just frightening. And this was all happening in an 31 00:02:05,240 --> 00:02:08,600 Speaker 1: era when women just really didn't have the right to 32 00:02:08,720 --> 00:02:13,639 Speaker 1: get a divorce from a bad marriage. So I can 33 00:02:13,639 --> 00:02:16,000 Speaker 1: see how just that whole setup would be very troubling 34 00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:19,080 Speaker 1: to people. We're also going to talk a little bit 35 00:02:19,080 --> 00:02:23,839 Speaker 1: about some pregnancy loss, and there are some very young 36 00:02:23,919 --> 00:02:29,720 Speaker 1: marriages in this story, even to the point of seeming 37 00:02:30,440 --> 00:02:34,840 Speaker 1: inordinately young given the time period. This is a heads up, 38 00:02:35,639 --> 00:02:39,480 Speaker 1: so Hortense and Marie Mancini were two of the women 39 00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:42,799 Speaker 1: known as the Mazarinets. They were the nieces of Cardinal 40 00:02:42,919 --> 00:02:46,720 Speaker 1: Jule's Mazzarins, chief minister of France. So we need to 41 00:02:46,760 --> 00:02:48,960 Speaker 1: talk a little bit about him. Just set the stage. 42 00:02:49,960 --> 00:02:54,720 Speaker 1: He was born Julio Mazzarini in Naples in sixteen oh two, 43 00:02:55,040 --> 00:02:58,000 Speaker 1: and he changed his name after moving to France, where 44 00:02:58,040 --> 00:03:01,320 Speaker 1: he became an advisor and eventually chief minister to King 45 00:03:01,400 --> 00:03:05,800 Speaker 1: Louis the thirteenth. In sixteen forty one, Mazarin was named 46 00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:08,280 Speaker 1: a cardinal and he was one of the people present 47 00:03:08,440 --> 00:03:11,480 Speaker 1: at the baptism of the dauphin the future King Louis 48 00:03:11,520 --> 00:03:14,640 Speaker 1: the fourteenth, who of course also became known as the son. 49 00:03:14,720 --> 00:03:18,480 Speaker 1: King Louis the thirteenth died in sixteen forty three, and 50 00:03:18,560 --> 00:03:21,480 Speaker 1: that was when Louis the fourteenth was still a child 51 00:03:21,680 --> 00:03:25,480 Speaker 1: and the young king's mother, Anne of Austria, became his regent. 52 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:30,800 Speaker 1: She and Mazarin did not initially get along. There was 53 00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:33,800 Speaker 1: some butting of heads, but he was so charming and 54 00:03:33,919 --> 00:03:38,480 Speaker 1: persuasive they eventually became very close, so close that there 55 00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:41,400 Speaker 1: were rumors that the two of them were secretly married. 56 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:44,360 Speaker 1: Now there is a whole swath of history that we're 57 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:47,560 Speaker 1: kind of skipping over here, including the Thirty Years War 58 00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:51,480 Speaker 1: and Mazarin being exiled for a while and a series 59 00:03:51,520 --> 00:03:54,920 Speaker 1: of civil wars in France known as the Fronde. But 60 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:59,280 Speaker 1: eventually Mazarin became one of the most powerful people in France, 61 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:02,120 Speaker 1: which it's he was one of the most powerful countries 62 00:04:02,160 --> 00:04:06,240 Speaker 1: in Europe. He had also become extremely wealthy, with money 63 00:04:06,280 --> 00:04:09,080 Speaker 1: and titles and land to pass down to an air. 64 00:04:09,960 --> 00:04:13,200 Speaker 1: He had no children of his own, though his one 65 00:04:13,280 --> 00:04:17,640 Speaker 1: surviving nephew had a reputation as an irresponsible libertine, so 66 00:04:18,279 --> 00:04:21,000 Speaker 1: Mazarin did not think that this would be a great 67 00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:24,560 Speaker 1: candidate for his successor, so he really focused on his 68 00:04:24,800 --> 00:04:28,880 Speaker 1: seven nieces, moving all of them from what's now Italy 69 00:04:28,960 --> 00:04:32,039 Speaker 1: to France and managing their educations to make sure that 70 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:35,599 Speaker 1: they would be witty and cultured and personable able to 71 00:04:35,680 --> 00:04:41,000 Speaker 1: fit into French society, and then he arranged advantageous marriages 72 00:04:41,040 --> 00:04:44,920 Speaker 1: for all of them to build a legacy for himself 73 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:49,039 Speaker 1: that way. Five of Mazarin's nieces were the daughters of 74 00:04:49,160 --> 00:04:54,159 Speaker 1: Hieronima and Lorenzo Mancini. That included Hortense and Marie, who 75 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:57,839 Speaker 1: were going to come back to you. Their sister laur Victoire, 76 00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:01,599 Speaker 1: married Louis de Vendome, Duke de Mercueur, who was King 77 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:05,680 Speaker 1: Henry the Fourth's grandson. Sadly, she died at the age 78 00:05:05,720 --> 00:05:08,559 Speaker 1: of twenty, shortly after giving birth to their third son. 79 00:05:09,480 --> 00:05:14,400 Speaker 1: Another sister, Olimpe, married Eugene Maurice of Savoy Contes Soisson. 80 00:05:15,279 --> 00:05:20,000 Speaker 1: The youngest mancini sister, Marie Anne, married goud Froid Maurice 81 00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:24,839 Speaker 1: de la Tour d'auvel, Duke of Bouillon. Mazarin's two other 82 00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:28,680 Speaker 1: nieces were the two daughters of Girolamo Martinozzi and Laura 83 00:05:28,680 --> 00:05:33,039 Speaker 1: Margherita Mazzarini. They were Anne Marie, who married Armand de Bourbon, 84 00:05:33,279 --> 00:05:37,000 Speaker 1: Prince of Conti, and Laura, who married Alfonse the fourth 85 00:05:37,120 --> 00:05:42,039 Speaker 1: dest Duke of Modena. In addition to Hortense and Marie, 86 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:45,200 Speaker 1: some of these women wound up being famous and even 87 00:05:45,279 --> 00:05:48,920 Speaker 1: notorious in their own ways. There were court scandals and 88 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:52,040 Speaker 1: affairs with kings, and, in the case of Olampe and 89 00:05:52,040 --> 00:05:56,640 Speaker 1: Marie Anne Mancini, allegations of poisoning people. During the Affair 90 00:05:56,800 --> 00:06:00,479 Speaker 1: of the Poisons, as its name suggests, the fare of 91 00:06:00,520 --> 00:06:05,039 Speaker 1: the poisons, involved poisonings and alleged poisonings, and allegations of 92 00:06:05,040 --> 00:06:08,320 Speaker 1: people using black magic and love potions to try to 93 00:06:08,400 --> 00:06:12,640 Speaker 1: sway the King. Previous hosts of the show did an 94 00:06:12,680 --> 00:06:15,839 Speaker 1: episode on this. It came out on January nineteenth of 95 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:19,039 Speaker 1: twenty eleven. We're not running this one as a Saturday 96 00:06:19,040 --> 00:06:21,920 Speaker 1: Classic because it's in the middle of a series that 97 00:06:21,960 --> 00:06:25,800 Speaker 1: they did on the House of Bourbon. It builds on 98 00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:29,160 Speaker 1: the previous episodes that they had released over the prior 99 00:06:29,240 --> 00:06:31,200 Speaker 1: couple of weeks. It was just a little bit more 100 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:34,359 Speaker 1: in medius race than we would generally try to do. 101 00:06:35,640 --> 00:06:38,359 Speaker 1: I think you can follow it. It just was a 102 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:42,160 Speaker 1: little like, it's not quite a standalone right right, So 103 00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:45,200 Speaker 1: we didn't want to stick it into the feed by itself. 104 00:06:46,160 --> 00:06:50,560 Speaker 1: Marie Mancini was born Anna Maria Mancini on August twenty eighth, 105 00:06:50,560 --> 00:06:55,040 Speaker 1: sixteen thirty nine. Her younger sister, Hortense, was born Ortensia 106 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:59,520 Speaker 1: Mancini on June sixth, sixteen forty six. In spite of 107 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:02,400 Speaker 1: the seventh gap in their ages, these two sisters became 108 00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:06,440 Speaker 1: very close. In sixteen fifty four, when Marie was fifteen 109 00:07:06,520 --> 00:07:10,240 Speaker 1: and Hortense was eight. Their caregivers judged them as being 110 00:07:10,320 --> 00:07:13,920 Speaker 1: ready to start making their way into French society, but 111 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:17,280 Speaker 1: when Mazarin met with them, he disagreed with that assessment, 112 00:07:17,400 --> 00:07:20,120 Speaker 1: and he sent them to a convent together for another 113 00:07:20,240 --> 00:07:24,400 Speaker 1: eighteen months for further study and refinement, just in case 114 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:27,160 Speaker 1: anyone is wondering, why are you not saying her name 115 00:07:27,440 --> 00:07:29,960 Speaker 1: or Tense as she might have said it in French. 116 00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:34,320 Speaker 1: She eventually moved to Britain, and everybody new his Hortense, 117 00:07:34,360 --> 00:07:37,600 Speaker 1: and it seemed weird to change pronunciations part way through 118 00:07:37,640 --> 00:07:41,880 Speaker 1: the episode. Neither of these sisters was considered to be 119 00:07:41,960 --> 00:07:46,360 Speaker 1: particularly exceptional when they were very young. In her younger years, 120 00:07:46,400 --> 00:07:50,880 Speaker 1: Marie was described as awkward and uncooperative, while Hortense was 121 00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:55,360 Speaker 1: pretty and charming, but also described in terms like apathetic 122 00:07:55,800 --> 00:08:01,040 Speaker 1: and insignificant. Seventeenth century French writer Madame Lafayette wrote of 123 00:08:01,080 --> 00:08:04,600 Speaker 1: Hortense quote, she was not only the most beautiful of 124 00:08:04,600 --> 00:08:07,320 Speaker 1: the cardinal's nieces, but she was the most beautiful of 125 00:08:07,360 --> 00:08:10,600 Speaker 1: all the court beauties. Had she been gifted with more 126 00:08:10,680 --> 00:08:13,960 Speaker 1: intelligence and a greater vivacity of manner, she would have 127 00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:17,640 Speaker 1: been perfect. Not that everyone considered that a weak point 128 00:08:17,720 --> 00:08:20,840 Speaker 1: for her. For many people found her careless attitude and 129 00:08:21,040 --> 00:08:25,800 Speaker 1: languid manner a distinct attraction. Once they got to court, 130 00:08:26,080 --> 00:08:29,920 Speaker 1: Marie caught the eye of one particular man, the King 131 00:08:30,200 --> 00:08:34,080 Speaker 1: Louis the fourteenth, with the two teens becoming deeply devoted 132 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:37,000 Speaker 1: to one another. So this might sound like a pretty 133 00:08:37,040 --> 00:08:40,880 Speaker 1: great development, considering that Cardinal Mazarin was trying to marry 134 00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:44,760 Speaker 1: his nieces to high ranking men. Marie's father was a baron, 135 00:08:44,920 --> 00:08:47,800 Speaker 1: so marrying the king would have been an enormous step up. 136 00:08:48,720 --> 00:08:53,240 Speaker 1: But Louis needed to marry royalty, ideally someone who could 137 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:57,760 Speaker 1: solidify an alliance between France and another powerful country. By 138 00:08:57,800 --> 00:09:01,080 Speaker 1: sixteen fifty nine, when the king was twenty and Marie 139 00:09:01,160 --> 00:09:05,400 Speaker 1: was nineteen, he was begging to be allowed to marry her, 140 00:09:05,960 --> 00:09:09,160 Speaker 1: and meanwhile his mother and her uncle were working to 141 00:09:09,240 --> 00:09:13,400 Speaker 1: separate them. Marie was finally sent away from court in 142 00:09:13,480 --> 00:09:17,240 Speaker 1: the company of her sisters Hortens and mary Anne. Reportedly, 143 00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:20,680 Speaker 1: the last thing she said to him was quote, Sire, 144 00:09:21,160 --> 00:09:24,440 Speaker 1: I am leaving you to weep, and yet you are king. 145 00:09:25,280 --> 00:09:29,240 Speaker 1: In spite of efforts to keep them apart, Louis and 146 00:09:29,280 --> 00:09:33,520 Speaker 1: Marie kept up a continual secret correspondence including sending one 147 00:09:33,559 --> 00:09:37,680 Speaker 1: another gifts. One of these gifts was a puppy sent 148 00:09:37,720 --> 00:09:40,520 Speaker 1: from Louis to Marie with a caller that said, I 149 00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:43,240 Speaker 1: belonged to Marie. I would have been pretty hard to 150 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:48,000 Speaker 1: keep secret. Yeah, just gonna keep a puppy secret from everybody. 151 00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:53,120 Speaker 1: In the ends, a marriage was arranged between King Louis 152 00:09:53,160 --> 00:09:56,080 Speaker 1: the fourteenth of France and Maria Teresa and Fanta of 153 00:09:56,160 --> 00:10:00,400 Speaker 1: Spain and arch Duchess of Austria. Their marriage part of 154 00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:03,720 Speaker 1: the Peace of the Pyrenees, which ended the Franco Spanish War. 155 00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:08,920 Speaker 1: Louis managed to arrange a brief visit to Marie on 156 00:10:09,160 --> 00:10:12,360 Speaker 1: his way to make the final marriage negotiations, and during 157 00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:14,400 Speaker 1: this visit the two of them had a bunch of 158 00:10:14,559 --> 00:10:20,880 Speaker 1: very sad, apologetic like teen romance conversations, most of them 159 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:24,640 Speaker 1: happening in front of her sister Hortense. Then, after Louis 160 00:10:24,760 --> 00:10:27,800 Speaker 1: was married, Marie and Hortense followed a process that was 161 00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:31,640 Speaker 1: outlined in Ovid's Cures for Love, to ritually get rid 162 00:10:31,679 --> 00:10:35,120 Speaker 1: of anything that might remind her of him or otherwise 163 00:10:35,640 --> 00:10:40,160 Speaker 1: soothe her heartbreak. Meanwhile, Mazarin was working on arranging a 164 00:10:40,200 --> 00:10:42,560 Speaker 1: marriage for Marie, not just to try to put a 165 00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:45,920 Speaker 1: final end to her feelings of the king, but also 166 00:10:45,960 --> 00:10:48,560 Speaker 1: because his own health was declining and he wanted to 167 00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:51,560 Speaker 1: make sure all of his nieces were settled before he died. 168 00:10:52,920 --> 00:10:57,440 Speaker 1: Marie's marriage contract to Italian Prince Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna was 169 00:10:57,480 --> 00:11:01,880 Speaker 1: signed on February twenty first, sixteen sixty one. Hortense was 170 00:11:01,920 --> 00:11:06,000 Speaker 1: married very soon after. Like her sister, she had already 171 00:11:06,040 --> 00:11:09,480 Speaker 1: captured the interest of someone much more powerful than she 172 00:11:09,920 --> 00:11:12,760 Speaker 1: or her family, and that was Charles the Second of 173 00:11:12,800 --> 00:11:15,560 Speaker 1: England at the time, though he was not on the 174 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:18,720 Speaker 1: throne of England, he was in exile in France, having 175 00:11:18,840 --> 00:11:23,560 Speaker 1: fled England during the English Civil Wars. Charles actually proposed 176 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:27,119 Speaker 1: to Hortense, But unlike her sister and Louis the fourteenth, 177 00:11:27,160 --> 00:11:30,400 Speaker 1: the issue wasn't that Charles really needed to make a 178 00:11:30,480 --> 00:11:34,920 Speaker 1: royal marriage alliance. It was that Cardinal Mazarin did not 179 00:11:35,040 --> 00:11:37,600 Speaker 1: think it was very likely that Charles was actually going 180 00:11:37,679 --> 00:11:39,840 Speaker 1: to get to return to the British throne, so he 181 00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:43,320 Speaker 1: declined this offer. He was like, no, I'm not marrying 182 00:11:43,400 --> 00:11:47,400 Speaker 1: my niece to a deposed king. Would the point of 183 00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:52,240 Speaker 1: that be? However, Charles was indeed restored as monarch in 184 00:11:52,280 --> 00:11:55,199 Speaker 1: sixteen sixty, which was not long after all of this happened, 185 00:11:56,480 --> 00:12:01,400 Speaker 1: made a mistake. Instead, Hortense married mon Charles de la Bertai, 186 00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:04,720 Speaker 1: who had been considered a suitor for some of her sisters, 187 00:12:05,080 --> 00:12:09,400 Speaker 1: but who had always been particularly interested in Hortense like 188 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:13,439 Speaker 1: interested in a way that multiple people commented on as 189 00:12:13,520 --> 00:12:17,679 Speaker 1: disturbing and frankly inappropriate. He had been fixated on her 190 00:12:17,800 --> 00:12:20,800 Speaker 1: since she was nine, and he was about fourteen years 191 00:12:20,800 --> 00:12:24,319 Speaker 1: older than she was. When they married on March first 192 00:12:24,360 --> 00:12:27,480 Speaker 1: of sixteen sixty one, he was twenty nine and she 193 00:12:27,640 --> 00:12:32,400 Speaker 1: was just fourteen. Mazarin's acceptance of this proposal seems to 194 00:12:32,480 --> 00:12:35,000 Speaker 1: have been largely based on the fact that he thought 195 00:12:35,120 --> 00:12:38,199 Speaker 1: Armand would take care of his estates and his fortune. 196 00:12:38,960 --> 00:12:42,320 Speaker 1: He had decided that the vast majority of that fortune 197 00:12:42,400 --> 00:12:45,480 Speaker 1: was going to go to whoever Hortense married, and that 198 00:12:45,600 --> 00:12:49,240 Speaker 1: person would also become the Duke of Mazarin and inherit 199 00:12:49,400 --> 00:12:55,760 Speaker 1: Mazarin's other titles. Armand was deeply religious and mature and responsible, 200 00:12:55,880 --> 00:12:58,440 Speaker 1: so the Cardinal didn't think he was likely to just 201 00:12:58,640 --> 00:13:02,440 Speaker 1: fritter away his inherent or otherwise make an embarrassment of 202 00:13:02,440 --> 00:13:08,240 Speaker 1: his legacy armand came into that inheritance really quickly. Cardinal 203 00:13:08,320 --> 00:13:12,240 Speaker 1: Jules Mazarin died on March ninth, sixteen sixty one, just 204 00:13:12,400 --> 00:13:15,319 Speaker 1: days after the wedding. We're going to talk more about 205 00:13:15,320 --> 00:13:27,400 Speaker 1: all of this after a sponsor break. In some ways, 206 00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:32,559 Speaker 1: Marie and Hortense Mancini's marriages were similar at first, especially 207 00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:34,839 Speaker 1: in that both of them were very focused on having 208 00:13:34,880 --> 00:13:37,880 Speaker 1: babies and particularly on trying to have a male heir. 209 00:13:38,840 --> 00:13:43,040 Speaker 1: After recovering from a serious illness and then experiencing a miscarriage, 210 00:13:43,120 --> 00:13:47,480 Speaker 1: Marie gave birth to three sons, Filippo, Marcantonio, and Carlo, 211 00:13:47,559 --> 00:13:50,560 Speaker 1: who were born in sixteen sixty three, sixteen sixty four, 212 00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:56,040 Speaker 1: in sixteen sixty five. Hortense had four babies in five years, 213 00:13:56,920 --> 00:13:59,920 Speaker 1: Marie Charlotte in sixteen sixty two, Marie Anne in sixty 214 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:03,800 Speaker 1: teen sixty three, Maria lamp in sixteen sixty five, and 215 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:07,600 Speaker 1: Paul Joule's in sixteen sixty six. But in other ways, 216 00:14:07,640 --> 00:14:11,240 Speaker 1: the early years of their marriages were almost completely opposite 217 00:14:11,240 --> 00:14:15,199 Speaker 1: from one another. It became clear pretty much immediately that 218 00:14:15,280 --> 00:14:19,720 Speaker 1: Hortense's husband, the new Duke Mazarin, was a religious fanatic 219 00:14:19,800 --> 00:14:24,560 Speaker 1: to the point of being really irrational. He micromanaged minute 220 00:14:24,560 --> 00:14:26,840 Speaker 1: details of the lives of people who lived on the 221 00:14:26,920 --> 00:14:30,480 Speaker 1: land that he managed, arguing that by doing so he 222 00:14:30,560 --> 00:14:33,960 Speaker 1: was going to save their souls. And this included things 223 00:14:34,080 --> 00:14:36,760 Speaker 1: like trying to get the milkmaids to spend less time 224 00:14:36,800 --> 00:14:40,600 Speaker 1: milking because he thought they might find it erotic, and 225 00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:43,880 Speaker 1: believing that churning milk into butter was immodest and could 226 00:14:43,920 --> 00:14:47,440 Speaker 1: lead to arousal sounds like the milkmaids are not the problem. 227 00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:51,040 Speaker 1: He ordered mothers to teach their babies too fast by 228 00:14:51,080 --> 00:14:54,840 Speaker 1: refusing to nurse them on Fridays. When a fire broke 229 00:14:54,880 --> 00:14:57,120 Speaker 1: out at the palace, he ordered the servants who put 230 00:14:57,120 --> 00:14:59,840 Speaker 1: it out to be flogged, and he flogged some of 231 00:14:59,840 --> 00:15:03,120 Speaker 1: them of himself, because he thought that they had interfered 232 00:15:03,160 --> 00:15:07,360 Speaker 1: with the will of God. He was also extremely possessive 233 00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:11,920 Speaker 1: and controlling of virtually everything about Hortense's life. By the 234 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:15,400 Speaker 1: terms of her uncle's will, they were enormously wealthy as 235 00:15:15,400 --> 00:15:19,640 Speaker 1: a couple, but almost none of that wealth was exclusively hers. 236 00:15:20,440 --> 00:15:23,600 Speaker 1: The only thing of material value that was actually considered 237 00:15:23,680 --> 00:15:27,440 Speaker 1: her property and only hers, was her jewelry, which her 238 00:15:27,520 --> 00:15:30,400 Speaker 1: husband tried to confiscate from her because he said that 239 00:15:30,440 --> 00:15:33,760 Speaker 1: it was going to lead her into temptation. In terms 240 00:15:33,760 --> 00:15:36,640 Speaker 1: of Marie's marriage, there were some ways that her husband, 241 00:15:36,680 --> 00:15:40,880 Speaker 1: Lorenzo could be controlling. For example, he blamed her pregnancy 242 00:15:40,960 --> 00:15:43,920 Speaker 1: loss on her love of riding horses, and when she 243 00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:46,840 Speaker 1: got pregnant again, he forced her to give up riding 244 00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:50,920 Speaker 1: and to be carried on a sedan chair. But unlike 245 00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:53,840 Speaker 1: Hortense's husband who tried to lock her away and keep 246 00:15:53,840 --> 00:15:57,640 Speaker 1: her from anything that might be a temptation, Marie's husband 247 00:15:57,720 --> 00:16:01,440 Speaker 1: wanted to show her off, hosting masks, balls and salons 248 00:16:01,800 --> 00:16:05,440 Speaker 1: and lavish galas. They became patrons of the arts, theater, 249 00:16:05,520 --> 00:16:08,080 Speaker 1: and culture, and they spent lots of time in Venice, 250 00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:12,240 Speaker 1: where they crossed paths with past podcast subject Christina of Sweden. 251 00:16:12,920 --> 00:16:17,640 Speaker 1: But Marie's relationship with her husband seems to have really deteriorated. 252 00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:21,160 Speaker 1: Around the time of her pregnancy with their third son. 253 00:16:22,400 --> 00:16:25,360 Speaker 1: He had an affair with another woman who gave birth 254 00:16:25,400 --> 00:16:29,360 Speaker 1: to a child that everyone knew was his. Then Marie 255 00:16:29,480 --> 00:16:32,520 Speaker 1: had a really difficult delivery and she was worried that 256 00:16:32,600 --> 00:16:37,840 Speaker 1: she wouldn't survive another pregnancy. That combined with her mortification 257 00:16:37,960 --> 00:16:40,600 Speaker 1: over her husband's affair to lead her to try to 258 00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:44,960 Speaker 1: put an end to their physical relationship. Lorenzo, of course, 259 00:16:45,080 --> 00:16:49,320 Speaker 1: was not happy about that idea at all. Meanwhile, Hortense, 260 00:16:49,400 --> 00:16:52,680 Speaker 1: having provided her husband with a male heir, was trying 261 00:16:52,680 --> 00:16:56,760 Speaker 1: to end her physical relationship with him as well. Armand 262 00:16:56,800 --> 00:17:02,080 Speaker 1: had become incredibly controlling and paranoid about preconceivable thing, all 263 00:17:02,120 --> 00:17:07,080 Speaker 1: within this framework of extreme religious piety. When Hortense started 264 00:17:07,119 --> 00:17:10,159 Speaker 1: trying to avoid him, all of that got worse. And 265 00:17:10,400 --> 00:17:14,359 Speaker 1: contrary to what Cardinal Mazarin had expected, Armand was not 266 00:17:14,560 --> 00:17:18,000 Speaker 1: being that careful with his inheritance. He gave huge amounts 267 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:20,480 Speaker 1: of money away to the church and charities, and he 268 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:23,159 Speaker 1: bought land that wasn't really going to pay off as 269 00:17:23,160 --> 00:17:26,240 Speaker 1: an investment. Hortense thought that they were going to wind 270 00:17:26,320 --> 00:17:29,159 Speaker 1: up with nothing, and in sixteen sixty six she started 271 00:17:29,160 --> 00:17:33,360 Speaker 1: trying to legally separate their assets. This wasn't the same 272 00:17:33,359 --> 00:17:35,679 Speaker 1: thing as dissolving the marriage. She was just trying to 273 00:17:35,840 --> 00:17:38,399 Speaker 1: kind of partition off some of their money so that 274 00:17:38,440 --> 00:17:41,760 Speaker 1: it was under her control, just so Armand couldn't spend 275 00:17:41,800 --> 00:17:45,160 Speaker 1: it all. When Armand said that they should pull out 276 00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:48,640 Speaker 1: their daughter's front teeth so that men would not find 277 00:17:48,680 --> 00:17:53,840 Speaker 1: them tempting. Hortense fled to her sister, Alemp. Alemp promised 278 00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:56,560 Speaker 1: to try to protect the children, but she also didn't 279 00:17:56,600 --> 00:17:58,959 Speaker 1: really want to bring her sister in to live with 280 00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:02,440 Speaker 1: them full time. So a lamp tried to mediate between 281 00:18:02,480 --> 00:18:06,680 Speaker 1: Hortense and armand Hortense did not think their issues could 282 00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:09,800 Speaker 1: be reconciled, and when her husband said that she could 283 00:18:09,840 --> 00:18:12,080 Speaker 1: either live with one of her sisters or go to 284 00:18:12,119 --> 00:18:16,040 Speaker 1: a convent, she went to the convent. While in the convent, 285 00:18:16,160 --> 00:18:20,399 Speaker 1: Hortense developed an intense relationship with the Marquise mariei Donis 286 00:18:20,440 --> 00:18:24,840 Speaker 1: de Carcel, who was there under charges of adultery. She 287 00:18:25,040 --> 00:18:28,240 Speaker 1: was seventeen and Hortense was twenty one, and together the 288 00:18:28,280 --> 00:18:31,080 Speaker 1: two of them ran roughshod over the nuns who were 289 00:18:31,200 --> 00:18:34,919 Speaker 1: essentially acting as their jailers, including playing a whole lot 290 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:39,080 Speaker 1: of pranks, like putting ink in the holy water. That's funny. 291 00:18:41,520 --> 00:18:47,199 Speaker 1: It really sounds almost like a weird comedy about a 292 00:18:47,240 --> 00:18:53,240 Speaker 1: boarding school, like playing pranks on the teachers. Marie Sony 293 00:18:53,359 --> 00:18:57,280 Speaker 1: helped Hortense with her legal filings, and eventually Hortense did 294 00:18:57,359 --> 00:19:00,880 Speaker 1: get a partial victory. The court order that her husband 295 00:19:01,000 --> 00:19:03,920 Speaker 1: grant her a pension of twenty thousand livres a year 296 00:19:04,800 --> 00:19:07,760 Speaker 1: and to document what he was doing with all of 297 00:19:07,800 --> 00:19:11,040 Speaker 1: their money. She was also supposed to return back to 298 00:19:11,080 --> 00:19:13,879 Speaker 1: their home while her husband, who was the grand Master 299 00:19:13,960 --> 00:19:17,360 Speaker 1: of Artillery, would instead live at the Arsenal of Paris. 300 00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:22,360 Speaker 1: Hortense left the convent, but Armand refused to do any 301 00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:24,320 Speaker 1: of the things he had been ordered to do, and 302 00:19:24,600 --> 00:19:28,680 Speaker 1: also destroyed the theater that Hortense had used to stage 303 00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:33,240 Speaker 1: small productions at their home while she was away. Meanwhile, 304 00:19:33,720 --> 00:19:37,720 Speaker 1: Maurice Donis reconciled with her husband, and that was something 305 00:19:37,720 --> 00:19:40,640 Speaker 1: that made Hortense so jealous that she told him that 306 00:19:40,680 --> 00:19:44,200 Speaker 1: Maurice Doni had been receiving secret visits from another man. 307 00:19:45,640 --> 00:19:48,840 Speaker 1: This led to a duel between Maurice Donise's husband and 308 00:19:48,920 --> 00:19:52,199 Speaker 1: her lover, after which both of them were imprisoned for 309 00:19:52,359 --> 00:19:56,760 Speaker 1: violating the prohibition on dueling. In the face of Armand's 310 00:19:56,800 --> 00:20:01,760 Speaker 1: increasingly erratic and frightening behavior, Hortense moved from trying to 311 00:20:01,880 --> 00:20:07,000 Speaker 1: legally separate their assets into a formal separation from their marriage, 312 00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:11,159 Speaker 1: and on June thirteenth, sixteen sixty eight, she fled to Italy, 313 00:20:11,440 --> 00:20:13,639 Speaker 1: with the help of her brother Philippe and a friend 314 00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:18,200 Speaker 1: of theirs, the Chevalier of Rohan. She left her children behind, 315 00:20:18,359 --> 00:20:20,879 Speaker 1: hoping that she would be better able to advocate for 316 00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:24,159 Speaker 1: them Away from her husband. She took a couple of 317 00:20:24,200 --> 00:20:30,119 Speaker 1: servants with her, disguised as men. This was just not done. 318 00:20:30,160 --> 00:20:33,560 Speaker 1: Women of her social class did not leave their husbands, 319 00:20:33,560 --> 00:20:37,280 Speaker 1: and they certainly did not travel without male escorts. The 320 00:20:37,359 --> 00:20:41,600 Speaker 1: trip itself involved a perilous journey through the Alps. In Milan, 321 00:20:41,720 --> 00:20:44,880 Speaker 1: Hortense reunited with her sister Marie, who had come out 322 00:20:44,920 --> 00:20:48,840 Speaker 1: from Rome with her husband. Lorenzo wanted to go back 323 00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:52,040 Speaker 1: home immediately, but Hortense and Marie convinced him to stop 324 00:20:52,040 --> 00:20:55,200 Speaker 1: in Siena for a couple of weeks instead, and there 325 00:20:55,280 --> 00:20:58,720 Speaker 1: they spent their time riding and hunting, apart from the 326 00:20:58,840 --> 00:21:02,480 Speaker 1: social norms that Hortense had really abandoned here. This was 327 00:21:02,640 --> 00:21:07,800 Speaker 1: basically an international incident, with Hortense, a duchess, fleeing her 328 00:21:07,840 --> 00:21:11,080 Speaker 1: home in France to join her sister, whose husband was 329 00:21:11,119 --> 00:21:15,560 Speaker 1: an Italian prince. Hortense also quickly started having an affair 330 00:21:15,640 --> 00:21:19,560 Speaker 1: with the Chevalier of Rohann's squire, which was yet another 331 00:21:19,640 --> 00:21:22,920 Speaker 1: layer of scandal, and also came across as a huge 332 00:21:22,920 --> 00:21:25,480 Speaker 1: annoyance to Marie and Lorenzo. They were sort of like, 333 00:21:25,520 --> 00:21:27,600 Speaker 1: we're trying to help you out, and you're having this 334 00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:30,000 Speaker 1: public affair with the squire, why are you doing this? 335 00:21:31,080 --> 00:21:35,760 Speaker 1: More generally, though, Lorenzo was annoyed with his wife Marie. 336 00:21:36,119 --> 00:21:39,840 Speaker 1: They were both living fairly separate lives by this point, 337 00:21:39,880 --> 00:21:43,119 Speaker 1: but he was increasingly frustrated by how much money she 338 00:21:43,240 --> 00:21:46,760 Speaker 1: spent on things like artwork and improvements to their home 339 00:21:46,880 --> 00:21:49,920 Speaker 1: and cultural projects, and as well as the many, many 340 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:54,080 Speaker 1: outings that she took with her sister. In sixteen seventy one, 341 00:21:54,320 --> 00:21:58,040 Speaker 1: Marie got really sick and people thought her husband was 342 00:21:58,119 --> 00:22:03,480 Speaker 1: poisoning her than while the Chevalier's squire also accused Philippe 343 00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:06,159 Speaker 1: and the Chevalier of trying to poison him. This was 344 00:22:06,280 --> 00:22:08,960 Speaker 1: during the whole affair of the poisons era. There was 345 00:22:09,040 --> 00:22:11,080 Speaker 1: a lot there's a whole lot of poison going on, 346 00:22:11,320 --> 00:22:15,840 Speaker 1: poisoning and accused poisoning and potential poisoning happening. A marriage 347 00:22:15,920 --> 00:22:18,639 Speaker 1: was arraigned for Philip that year, and Hortense went with 348 00:22:18,760 --> 00:22:20,680 Speaker 1: him to Paris to try to get some kind of 349 00:22:20,800 --> 00:22:25,320 Speaker 1: legal resolution to her marriage. Her husband was irate when 350 00:22:25,400 --> 00:22:28,040 Speaker 1: he heard how Hortense had been spending her time in Rome. 351 00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:31,520 Speaker 1: She and her sister had filled their time with parties 352 00:22:31,560 --> 00:22:35,560 Speaker 1: and masked balls and musical performances, with Hortons being so 353 00:22:35,760 --> 00:22:38,560 Speaker 1: popular with men that two of them allegedly fought a 354 00:22:38,640 --> 00:22:43,760 Speaker 1: duel over her armand called for Hortense's arrest, but city 355 00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:47,720 Speaker 1: officials refused to do it, and he became so irate 356 00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:51,560 Speaker 1: that he destroyed a lot of their art collection. He 357 00:22:51,760 --> 00:22:54,960 Speaker 1: smashed the genitals of the statues with a hammer and 358 00:22:55,040 --> 00:22:58,840 Speaker 1: cut them out of paintings with scissors. King Louis the 359 00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:03,360 Speaker 1: fourteenth was upset about this. In addition to the King's 360 00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:07,040 Speaker 1: love of and patronage for art, the king and other 361 00:23:07,080 --> 00:23:10,480 Speaker 1: people also considered this art collection that had been destroyed 362 00:23:10,520 --> 00:23:14,560 Speaker 1: to have been a national treasure. So whatever goodwill people 363 00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:17,440 Speaker 1: might have had for Armand at this point really have oporated. 364 00:23:18,119 --> 00:23:20,280 Speaker 1: In France. At this time, divorce as we know it 365 00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:24,359 Speaker 1: today really didn't exist. There was a process for separating 366 00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:28,760 Speaker 1: a couple's assets. Hortense had already tried that, and separac 367 00:23:29,080 --> 00:23:32,520 Speaker 1: de coeurs, or physical separation, in which a couple were 368 00:23:32,560 --> 00:23:37,280 Speaker 1: still technically married but lived legally separated lives. But this 369 00:23:37,440 --> 00:23:39,200 Speaker 1: was not common at all, and a lot of people 370 00:23:39,280 --> 00:23:43,440 Speaker 1: were still pushing for some kind of reconciliation between Hortense 371 00:23:43,480 --> 00:23:47,040 Speaker 1: and Ormond. Hortense proposed that she be allowed to live 372 00:23:47,080 --> 00:23:50,439 Speaker 1: in a convent with servants that she chose and the 373 00:23:50,480 --> 00:23:53,879 Speaker 1: freedom to come and go, based on what had happened 374 00:23:53,880 --> 00:23:57,880 Speaker 1: with Maurice Donis de crocell. The abbesses at the convents 375 00:23:57,920 --> 00:24:01,360 Speaker 1: proposed as options were pretty wary of this whole idea. 376 00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:06,040 Speaker 1: He did not want any more ink in the holy water. Finally, 377 00:24:06,680 --> 00:24:10,560 Speaker 1: still without the settlement that she wanted, Hortons left Paris again. 378 00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:13,240 Speaker 1: She returned to her sister in Rome in May of 379 00:24:13,320 --> 00:24:17,399 Speaker 1: sixteen seventy one, and then about a year later, both 380 00:24:17,440 --> 00:24:20,360 Speaker 1: of them fled. We're going to talk more about that 381 00:24:20,800 --> 00:24:33,600 Speaker 1: after we paused for a sponsor break. Marie Mancini's relationship 382 00:24:33,680 --> 00:24:37,600 Speaker 1: with her husband Lorenzo had clearly been deteriorating for a 383 00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:41,320 Speaker 1: long time before she fled from Rome with her sister 384 00:24:41,359 --> 00:24:45,199 Speaker 1: Hortons on May twenty ninth of sixteen seventy two. She 385 00:24:45,560 --> 00:24:49,560 Speaker 1: was afraid of her husband, and she admired her sister's 386 00:24:49,600 --> 00:24:52,880 Speaker 1: will to have left her own husband Armand. But if 387 00:24:52,880 --> 00:24:57,320 Speaker 1: there was like some specific last straw that prompted Marie 388 00:24:57,359 --> 00:25:02,520 Speaker 1: to decide to leave, like noted anywhere mystery, it may 389 00:25:02,520 --> 00:25:05,760 Speaker 1: have just come to that point. The Mansini sisters wanted 390 00:25:05,800 --> 00:25:08,680 Speaker 1: to travel unobtrusively, so they didn't take much with them, 391 00:25:08,720 --> 00:25:11,560 Speaker 1: apart from some money and jewelry and a letter of 392 00:25:11,600 --> 00:25:15,679 Speaker 1: safe passage from King Louis the fourteenth. The sisters and 393 00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:19,199 Speaker 1: two maids all warman's clothing under their dresses, and they 394 00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:22,400 Speaker 1: took a valet with them as well. They took steps 395 00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:25,000 Speaker 1: to try to throw people off the trail, like getting 396 00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:27,679 Speaker 1: a carriage and loudly talking about where they were going 397 00:25:28,119 --> 00:25:30,440 Speaker 1: when really they were headed to a boat to make 398 00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:35,439 Speaker 1: their escape by water. Meanwhile, Lorenzo kept sending people to 399 00:25:35,560 --> 00:25:38,679 Speaker 1: find them and trying to put barriers in the way 400 00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:42,320 Speaker 1: of their escape, like spreading the word that people should 401 00:25:42,320 --> 00:25:45,200 Speaker 1: not give the sisters any kind of shelter or allow 402 00:25:45,280 --> 00:25:47,840 Speaker 1: them to pass through areas where he thought they were headed. 403 00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:52,439 Speaker 1: He also petitioned King Louis the fourteenth to intervene. Both 404 00:25:52,520 --> 00:25:57,160 Speaker 1: Lorenzo and Armand worried about how their wives' behavior would 405 00:25:57,160 --> 00:26:01,240 Speaker 1: reflect on them, and there were broader concerns about how 406 00:26:01,240 --> 00:26:05,560 Speaker 1: the sisters might inspire other women in unhappy or abusive 407 00:26:05,640 --> 00:26:11,040 Speaker 1: marriages to also leave have feelings. As the Vansini sisters 408 00:26:11,080 --> 00:26:14,960 Speaker 1: headed for France, this was once again an international incident. 409 00:26:15,680 --> 00:26:17,919 Speaker 1: Marie really thought that if she could go speak to 410 00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:20,760 Speaker 1: King Louis the fourteenth in person, that he might support 411 00:26:20,760 --> 00:26:24,000 Speaker 1: her petition to leave her husband, but she couldn't get 412 00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:28,560 Speaker 1: permission to actually go. Once they were traveling over land again, 413 00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:31,159 Speaker 1: the two women traveled by post with the hope that 414 00:26:31,200 --> 00:26:34,120 Speaker 1: they would be harder to track, but the king sent 415 00:26:34,200 --> 00:26:37,679 Speaker 1: messengers to the post stations, telling them to refuse to 416 00:26:37,720 --> 00:26:40,800 Speaker 1: give the sisters horses. That was something that the sisters 417 00:26:40,800 --> 00:26:45,479 Speaker 1: overcame with bribes. After some close calls, Hortense and Marie 418 00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:48,959 Speaker 1: decided to split up, with Marie traveling through France and 419 00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:53,360 Speaker 1: Horton's going to Chambray, which today is part of France 420 00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:56,480 Speaker 1: but at the time was part of the independent Duchy 421 00:26:56,560 --> 00:27:00,840 Speaker 1: of Savoy. There she found a patron with Charles Emmanuel, 422 00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:04,840 Speaker 1: the second Duke of Savoy, who had actually been one 423 00:27:04,880 --> 00:27:08,720 Speaker 1: of the men whose offer of marriage Hortense's uncle had 424 00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:13,639 Speaker 1: not accepted many years before. This Duke seems to have 425 00:27:13,640 --> 00:27:16,320 Speaker 1: thought that Hortense would liven up his court, which she 426 00:27:16,480 --> 00:27:20,320 Speaker 1: eventually did, but first she spent a stretch of time 427 00:27:20,760 --> 00:27:23,880 Speaker 1: mostly in prayer and reflection and writing a whole lot 428 00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:27,480 Speaker 1: of letters. King Louis the fourteenth had offered her some 429 00:27:27,600 --> 00:27:30,760 Speaker 1: financial support, and so she wrote a lot of letters 430 00:27:30,800 --> 00:27:33,920 Speaker 1: to the king to try to maintain his good will 431 00:27:34,040 --> 00:27:36,680 Speaker 1: even though she had done something as scandalous as leaving 432 00:27:36,680 --> 00:27:41,080 Speaker 1: her husband. She also wrote letters to her sister's husband 433 00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:44,280 Speaker 1: to try to convince him that Marie's leaving had been 434 00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:48,760 Speaker 1: her own decision, not something that Hortense had forced her 435 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:52,200 Speaker 1: or caused her to do. Towards the end of Hortense's 436 00:27:52,280 --> 00:27:55,160 Speaker 1: time in Savoy, when she was twenty nine, she wrote 437 00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:58,560 Speaker 1: her memoirs. These were published in sixteen seventy five under 438 00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:02,960 Speaker 1: the title Memoir dm LDM or Memoir de Madame de 439 00:28:03,160 --> 00:28:06,960 Speaker 1: ces de Mazarin. There was already so much rumor and 440 00:28:07,040 --> 00:28:09,960 Speaker 1: gossip about her life and her relationship with her husband 441 00:28:10,359 --> 00:28:12,399 Speaker 1: that she just decided to put her own side of 442 00:28:12,400 --> 00:28:16,440 Speaker 1: the story out there publicly and in print. This made 443 00:28:16,480 --> 00:28:18,600 Speaker 1: her one of the first women in Europe to publish 444 00:28:18,600 --> 00:28:21,600 Speaker 1: her own story under her own name. And for a 445 00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:26,800 Speaker 1: general audience rather than just for her family and friends. Meanwhile, 446 00:28:26,960 --> 00:28:31,040 Speaker 1: Marie was trying to evade various messengers that she knew 447 00:28:31,240 --> 00:28:34,000 Speaker 1: were carrying orders for her to stop where she was, 448 00:28:34,920 --> 00:28:37,199 Speaker 1: just basically like, if they don't find me, I don't 449 00:28:37,240 --> 00:28:40,440 Speaker 1: have to stop. One of them did finally catch up 450 00:28:40,440 --> 00:28:42,880 Speaker 1: to her, though, and then she was presented with a 451 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:47,640 Speaker 1: series of proposals that would involve her returning to her husband. 452 00:28:48,360 --> 00:28:51,000 Speaker 1: She rejected all of those and said that she wanted 453 00:28:51,040 --> 00:28:54,480 Speaker 1: to enter a convent of her choice, something that she 454 00:28:54,560 --> 00:28:57,760 Speaker 1: pointed out that thousands of other women had done after 455 00:28:57,800 --> 00:29:02,000 Speaker 1: being widowed or otherwise separated from their husbands. Once she 456 00:29:02,080 --> 00:29:04,880 Speaker 1: had made her whole position on this clear, she apparently 457 00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:07,320 Speaker 1: picked up a guitar and started playing it as though 458 00:29:07,360 --> 00:29:09,160 Speaker 1: she had just said all she had to say about 459 00:29:09,160 --> 00:29:12,360 Speaker 1: that and moved on. One of the accounts that I 460 00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:14,400 Speaker 1: read said that she had kept this guitar with her 461 00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:17,760 Speaker 1: the entire time since leaving Rome, But it also said 462 00:29:17,800 --> 00:29:20,960 Speaker 1: that they left without a lot of luggage, so I'm 463 00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:23,000 Speaker 1: not sure where the guitar came from, but I love 464 00:29:23,040 --> 00:29:27,720 Speaker 1: that story. I liked the idea of the guitar being 465 00:29:27,760 --> 00:29:29,840 Speaker 1: her version of la la, la la, I'm not listening 466 00:29:29,880 --> 00:29:34,640 Speaker 1: to you. Eventually, Marie was allowed to go to a 467 00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:38,120 Speaker 1: convent in Lease, about forty miles outside of Paris, which 468 00:29:38,160 --> 00:29:41,040 Speaker 1: is one of the convents Hortense had stayed in previously. 469 00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:45,280 Speaker 1: At first, Marie had regular visits from her sisters Olimp 470 00:29:45,400 --> 00:29:48,680 Speaker 1: and Marianne, and her husband sent some of her servants 471 00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:52,560 Speaker 1: with some of her belongings that she had requested, but 472 00:29:53,360 --> 00:29:55,960 Speaker 1: Lorenzo had sent one of those servants to act as 473 00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:59,760 Speaker 1: a spy, and soon Marie was being allowed visits only 474 00:29:59,800 --> 00:30:03,600 Speaker 1: from her sisters. Marie later moved to another convent that 475 00:30:03,720 --> 00:30:06,560 Speaker 1: was farther from Paris, but she was even less happy there. 476 00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:09,320 Speaker 1: It wasn't as comfortable, and she said that the air 477 00:30:09,440 --> 00:30:12,600 Speaker 1: was bad and made her sick. At one point, Marie 478 00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:16,760 Speaker 1: arranged a visit to her sister Hortense, but Hortense seems 479 00:30:16,800 --> 00:30:20,480 Speaker 1: to have intentionally avoided Marie by going on a trip 480 00:30:20,560 --> 00:30:23,640 Speaker 1: to the country instead. I don't think this was just 481 00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:26,160 Speaker 1: a case of bad timing. I think it was on purpose. 482 00:30:26,880 --> 00:30:29,680 Speaker 1: Hortense may have been worried that if she really welcomed 483 00:30:29,720 --> 00:30:32,400 Speaker 1: her sister, she would run afoul of some of the 484 00:30:32,400 --> 00:30:35,920 Speaker 1: good graces that at that point were keeping her relatively safe. 485 00:30:36,400 --> 00:30:40,880 Speaker 1: But when Marie later wrote to Hortense asking for her protection, 486 00:30:41,160 --> 00:30:44,560 Speaker 1: Hortense and the Duke of Savoy arranged for Marie to 487 00:30:44,760 --> 00:30:49,520 Speaker 1: enter a convent in Turin. Marie was just really hoping 488 00:30:49,520 --> 00:30:51,480 Speaker 1: to find a place where she would have a little 489 00:30:51,560 --> 00:30:56,040 Speaker 1: more comfort and autonomy. But after a really perilous journey 490 00:30:56,080 --> 00:30:58,960 Speaker 1: through territory that was caught up in the Franco Dutch 491 00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:02,960 Speaker 1: War in the winter, she wound up at a convent 492 00:31:03,000 --> 00:31:05,719 Speaker 1: where she had even less freedom than she'd had before. 493 00:31:06,480 --> 00:31:10,719 Speaker 1: After Hortense's memoirs were published, Marie got a copy. The 494 00:31:10,760 --> 00:31:14,040 Speaker 1: memoirs had been so popular that other people started writing 495 00:31:14,080 --> 00:31:17,880 Speaker 1: and publishing fake versions of their own. Some of these 496 00:31:17,920 --> 00:31:22,920 Speaker 1: were wildly inaccurate about both sisters, including totally distorted versions 497 00:31:22,960 --> 00:31:27,600 Speaker 1: of Marie's experiences. So she followed in her sister's footsteps 498 00:31:27,600 --> 00:31:30,840 Speaker 1: and she published her own memoir, The Truth in its 499 00:31:30,880 --> 00:31:35,680 Speaker 1: Own Light or the Genuine Memoirs of m Mancini Constables Colonna. 500 00:31:36,360 --> 00:31:40,680 Speaker 1: Around this time, Hortense was working on plans to leave Savoy. 501 00:31:41,720 --> 00:31:44,040 Speaker 1: She and her staff just kind of weren't getting along 502 00:31:44,080 --> 00:31:48,520 Speaker 1: with people anymore. As she was trying to make those arrangements. 503 00:31:48,600 --> 00:31:52,760 Speaker 1: Though the Duke died suddenly on June twelfth, sixteen seventy five, 504 00:31:52,840 --> 00:31:57,040 Speaker 1: at the age of only forty. The Duke's son, Victor 505 00:31:57,040 --> 00:32:01,840 Speaker 1: Amadeus the Second was only nine. Biddo was acting as regent, 506 00:32:02,120 --> 00:32:04,440 Speaker 1: but she had really never been a fan of Hortense. 507 00:32:05,320 --> 00:32:08,200 Speaker 1: She told Hortense that she was no longer welcome at 508 00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:11,320 Speaker 1: the late Duke's court. The Duke's death was also a 509 00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:13,760 Speaker 1: blow to Marie because even though she had not been 510 00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:16,360 Speaker 1: living in Savoy, I'm not sure if these two ever 511 00:32:16,360 --> 00:32:20,080 Speaker 1: even actually met, she had written him really often and 512 00:32:20,160 --> 00:32:23,680 Speaker 1: counted him as one of her allies. After the Duke's death, 513 00:32:23,880 --> 00:32:26,560 Speaker 1: Hortense started making her way to England, where she had 514 00:32:26,560 --> 00:32:29,800 Speaker 1: a cousin, and she got a letter from Ralph Montague 515 00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:33,640 Speaker 1: passing on an invitation from Charles the Second. The Franco 516 00:32:33,720 --> 00:32:37,560 Speaker 1: Dutch War was still ongoing, so Hortense's journey was perilous. 517 00:32:38,080 --> 00:32:42,200 Speaker 1: She arrived on New Year's Eve sixteen seventy five. Charles 518 00:32:42,240 --> 00:32:46,120 Speaker 1: the Second, of course, was nicknamed the Mary Monarch. He 519 00:32:46,240 --> 00:32:49,400 Speaker 1: was famous for having a whole lot of affairs, and 520 00:32:49,800 --> 00:32:51,840 Speaker 1: as we said earlier, he was one of the people 521 00:32:51,840 --> 00:32:56,360 Speaker 1: who had offered to marry Hortense Mancini decades before. She 522 00:32:56,680 --> 00:32:59,560 Speaker 1: also had a reputation for being very charming and witty 523 00:32:59,600 --> 00:33:02,240 Speaker 1: in a train and popular with men. So there were 524 00:33:02,360 --> 00:33:05,640 Speaker 1: fears at court that the King might be a little 525 00:33:05,640 --> 00:33:09,680 Speaker 1: bit overly interested in her, and that she might kind 526 00:33:09,760 --> 00:33:14,320 Speaker 1: of throw off the balance of his other relationships and 527 00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:20,200 Speaker 1: this house of affairs cards would turn into chaos. These 528 00:33:20,240 --> 00:33:24,560 Speaker 1: fears were founded. Soon the King and Hortense were having 529 00:33:24,600 --> 00:33:27,719 Speaker 1: an affair, and he had granted her a pension. In 530 00:33:27,760 --> 00:33:32,600 Speaker 1: sixteen seventy six, Hortense Mancini started hosting salons in England, 531 00:33:32,960 --> 00:33:35,920 Speaker 1: ones that were open to women and gave them opportunities 532 00:33:35,920 --> 00:33:39,480 Speaker 1: to learn and experience art and culture, free from many 533 00:33:39,560 --> 00:33:42,240 Speaker 1: of the cultural restraints that were normally placed on them. 534 00:33:43,320 --> 00:33:47,200 Speaker 1: Her friend Charles des Saint Evermont acted as co host, 535 00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:50,160 Speaker 1: and sometimes the two of them are credited with popularizing 536 00:33:50,240 --> 00:33:54,440 Speaker 1: champagne in England. Charles imported it from France and they 537 00:33:54,520 --> 00:33:57,720 Speaker 1: served it at the salon. Hortense also had a lot 538 00:33:57,760 --> 00:34:01,920 Speaker 1: of pets, including dogs and cats, parrots and other exotic birds, 539 00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:05,240 Speaker 1: and she had gambling tables, which led some people to 540 00:34:05,280 --> 00:34:09,280 Speaker 1: write off her salon as a gambling den. Hortense Mancini 541 00:34:09,360 --> 00:34:12,240 Speaker 1: had affairs threw out her life away from her husband, 542 00:34:12,360 --> 00:34:14,880 Speaker 1: and one of the most notorious was while she was 543 00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:18,799 Speaker 1: in England. It was with Anne, Countess of Sussex, who 544 00:34:18,880 --> 00:34:22,279 Speaker 1: was one of the King's illegitimate daughters. Although she was 545 00:34:22,320 --> 00:34:25,480 Speaker 1: only fourteen and was already married to a man named 546 00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:28,320 Speaker 1: Thomas Lennard, who was one of the gentlemen of the 547 00:34:28,400 --> 00:34:34,760 Speaker 1: King's bedchamber. Neither Hortense nor Anne seemed upset by rumors 548 00:34:34,800 --> 00:34:37,000 Speaker 1: that they were lovers, and they really did not try 549 00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:40,359 Speaker 1: to contradict them. One of the people who commented on 550 00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:43,040 Speaker 1: this was Lady Chowers, who wrote this in a letter 551 00:34:43,120 --> 00:34:46,440 Speaker 1: to her brother, Lord Ruth on December twenty fifth, sixteen 552 00:34:46,480 --> 00:34:50,440 Speaker 1: seventy six, quote, Lady Sussex is not yet gone, but 553 00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:53,280 Speaker 1: my lord is better and holds his resolution of going 554 00:34:53,560 --> 00:34:56,120 Speaker 1: as soon as the weather breaks up to make good travailing. 555 00:34:56,880 --> 00:35:00,400 Speaker 1: She and Madame Massarin have privately learned to fence, and 556 00:35:00,440 --> 00:35:02,759 Speaker 1: went down into Saint James Park the other day with 557 00:35:02,880 --> 00:35:06,200 Speaker 1: drawn swords under their nightgowns, which they drew out and 558 00:35:06,239 --> 00:35:10,120 Speaker 1: made several fine passes with to the admiration of several men. 559 00:35:10,200 --> 00:35:14,640 Speaker 1: That was onlookers in the park. In another letter, she wrote, quote, 560 00:35:14,719 --> 00:35:19,480 Speaker 1: Lady Sussex is mightily pleased with fox hunting and hair hunting, 561 00:35:19,960 --> 00:35:25,239 Speaker 1: but kisses Madame Mazarine's picture with much affection. Still, this 562 00:35:25,400 --> 00:35:28,439 Speaker 1: might have been after Anne's husband demanded that she come 563 00:35:28,480 --> 00:35:32,320 Speaker 1: back from Hortons's lodgings, and she was forcibly removed from there. 564 00:35:32,920 --> 00:35:36,520 Speaker 1: Hortense had various other affairs, including a possible one with 565 00:35:36,640 --> 00:35:40,760 Speaker 1: past podcast subject Afra Ben. Her relationship with the Count 566 00:35:40,760 --> 00:35:44,239 Speaker 1: of Monaco eventually became public and close enough that King 567 00:35:44,360 --> 00:35:47,440 Speaker 1: Charles called off his affair with her, but he wasn't 568 00:35:47,440 --> 00:35:49,279 Speaker 1: so upset about it that he made her go back 569 00:35:49,320 --> 00:35:52,919 Speaker 1: to France instead. Hortense kept up an active social life 570 00:35:52,920 --> 00:35:56,719 Speaker 1: in her house in Saint James's Park, including being reunited 571 00:35:56,719 --> 00:35:59,959 Speaker 1: with Maurice Donis de Carcel when she came to visit Lundon. 572 00:36:00,920 --> 00:36:04,719 Speaker 1: While Horten's was having what sounds like a pretty fabulous 573 00:36:04,760 --> 00:36:08,359 Speaker 1: time in London. Marie made her way to Madrid and 574 00:36:08,440 --> 00:36:12,200 Speaker 1: she moved into another convent. While there, she was reunited 575 00:36:12,239 --> 00:36:15,960 Speaker 1: with her sons, who by now were teenagers. Her husband, 576 00:36:15,960 --> 00:36:19,759 Speaker 1: Lorenzo kept trying to restrict her movements. He seems to 577 00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:23,440 Speaker 1: have kind of allowed her to go to Madrid, thinking 578 00:36:23,440 --> 00:36:26,080 Speaker 1: that family members he had there would help keep her 579 00:36:26,080 --> 00:36:30,920 Speaker 1: in line. But officials in Madrid seemed less inclined to 580 00:36:31,040 --> 00:36:35,000 Speaker 1: do what Lorenzo wanted them to do. The Archbishop of 581 00:36:35,120 --> 00:36:38,399 Speaker 1: Caesara wrote him a letter that said, in part quote, here, 582 00:36:38,560 --> 00:36:41,440 Speaker 1: we do not treat our wives as you do in Italy. 583 00:36:41,960 --> 00:36:44,080 Speaker 1: Your wish to put her in a prison is not 584 00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:47,520 Speaker 1: enough to see it done. But Lorenzo would not give 585 00:36:47,640 --> 00:36:49,719 Speaker 1: up in his efforts to get her to return to 586 00:36:49,760 --> 00:36:52,279 Speaker 1: their marriage, or, if not that, at least to be 587 00:36:52,320 --> 00:36:56,840 Speaker 1: able to control her comings and goings. Eventually, he ordered 588 00:36:56,840 --> 00:36:59,960 Speaker 1: her imprisonment in a medieval fortress in Seville known as 589 00:37:00,080 --> 00:37:04,400 Speaker 1: the Alcazar, something even her detractors thought was too extreme 590 00:37:04,800 --> 00:37:07,759 Speaker 1: because this was a cold, drafty place and this was 591 00:37:07,800 --> 00:37:11,160 Speaker 1: happening in the middle of winter. In sixteen eighty one, 592 00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:15,760 Speaker 1: Lorenzo proposed that Marie enter the convent as a novice, 593 00:37:16,400 --> 00:37:18,840 Speaker 1: meaning that she would be on her way to taking 594 00:37:18,920 --> 00:37:23,080 Speaker 1: steps to becoming a nun, rather than just being sheltered 595 00:37:23,200 --> 00:37:26,200 Speaker 1: in the convents. He said that he would be taking 596 00:37:26,280 --> 00:37:31,400 Speaker 1: holy orders as well. Marie agreed to this although Lorenzo 597 00:37:31,520 --> 00:37:33,719 Speaker 1: did not hold up his end of the bargain to 598 00:37:33,719 --> 00:37:37,560 Speaker 1: take holy orders of his own. Meanwhile, back in England, 599 00:37:37,840 --> 00:37:40,880 Speaker 1: Hortense had fallen under suspicion in the wake of the 600 00:37:40,920 --> 00:37:44,279 Speaker 1: Popish plot. This was not a real plot. It was 601 00:37:44,360 --> 00:37:49,080 Speaker 1: based on fabricated allegations by Anglican clergyman Titus Oates that 602 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:53,640 Speaker 1: Jesuits were planning to assassinate Charles the second. Even though 603 00:37:53,680 --> 00:37:55,839 Speaker 1: this was not true, a lot of people believed it, 604 00:37:55,920 --> 00:37:59,640 Speaker 1: and since Hortense was Catholic and a foreigner, people began 605 00:37:59,680 --> 00:38:03,200 Speaker 1: to dis trust her. Then, in sixteen eighty four, her 606 00:38:03,239 --> 00:38:07,279 Speaker 1: nephew Philippe, who was her sister Olimp's son, challenged one 607 00:38:07,320 --> 00:38:11,960 Speaker 1: of Hortense's admirers to a duel and killed him in France. 608 00:38:12,080 --> 00:38:15,839 Speaker 1: This was a huge scandal and people blamed Hortense for 609 00:38:15,920 --> 00:38:19,880 Speaker 1: not being a better influence on him. Then, in February 610 00:38:19,880 --> 00:38:24,200 Speaker 1: of sixteen eighty five, King Charles the Second died. His successor, 611 00:38:24,360 --> 00:38:28,279 Speaker 1: James the Second and seventh, continued to support Hortense financially, 612 00:38:28,800 --> 00:38:31,760 Speaker 1: but he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of sixteen 613 00:38:31,840 --> 00:38:36,560 Speaker 1: eighty eight. A year later, on April fifteenth, sixteen eighty nine, 614 00:38:36,600 --> 00:38:41,360 Speaker 1: Marie's husband, Lorenzo and Offrio Colonna, died, and as a widow, 615 00:38:41,600 --> 00:38:44,279 Speaker 1: Marie finally had some of the freedom that she had 616 00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:47,760 Speaker 1: been trying to get for herself for most of her life. 617 00:38:47,880 --> 00:38:52,000 Speaker 1: She reconnected with her sons and she traveled. She also 618 00:38:52,120 --> 00:38:55,919 Speaker 1: reconnected with her old friend Ortensia Stella, who had been 619 00:38:56,200 --> 00:38:59,080 Speaker 1: one of her ladies in waiting and who also was 620 00:38:59,120 --> 00:39:01,920 Speaker 1: one of the women that Lorenzo had had an affair with. 621 00:39:02,880 --> 00:39:07,239 Speaker 1: Lorenzo and Ortensi Estella had two children that Lorenzo had 622 00:39:07,280 --> 00:39:11,040 Speaker 1: formally recognized, and these two women each worked to help 623 00:39:11,120 --> 00:39:14,160 Speaker 1: the other one out with various issues that were related 624 00:39:14,200 --> 00:39:17,799 Speaker 1: to Lorenzo's estate. Well, we kind of both got in 625 00:39:17,880 --> 00:39:25,960 Speaker 1: this mess. Possibly inspired by Lorenzo's death, Armand sued Hortense 626 00:39:25,960 --> 00:39:29,799 Speaker 1: in sixteen eighty nine during a formal separation hearing. He 627 00:39:29,960 --> 00:39:33,560 Speaker 1: vilified her as a gambler in Libertine, and the legal 628 00:39:33,680 --> 00:39:37,680 Speaker 1: arguments surrounding the hearing were published afterward. The case was 629 00:39:37,719 --> 00:39:40,880 Speaker 1: decided in the Duke's favor, and Hortense was ordered to 630 00:39:40,920 --> 00:39:44,600 Speaker 1: return to France, first to a convent and then to 631 00:39:44,680 --> 00:39:48,879 Speaker 1: her husband, and she said she would rather die. It 632 00:39:49,040 --> 00:39:53,400 Speaker 1: was not possible for Armand to force Hortense to return, 633 00:39:53,760 --> 00:39:57,320 Speaker 1: though it might have been except that the Nine Years' 634 00:39:57,400 --> 00:40:00,440 Speaker 1: War had started the year before and England and France 635 00:40:00,480 --> 00:40:04,319 Speaker 1: were at war with one another. Hortense just defied this 636 00:40:04,640 --> 00:40:07,120 Speaker 1: order and stayed where she was, although she had to 637 00:40:07,200 --> 00:40:10,920 Speaker 1: move into smaller and smaller lodgings as her money dwindled. 638 00:40:11,600 --> 00:40:15,279 Speaker 1: By June of sixteen ninety nine, Hortense was described as 639 00:40:15,320 --> 00:40:20,400 Speaker 1: increasingly depressed, including drinking too much, not eating enough, and 640 00:40:20,480 --> 00:40:25,360 Speaker 1: deeply in debt. She died on July second, sixteen ninety nine. 641 00:40:25,520 --> 00:40:28,280 Speaker 1: John Evelyn wrote about it in his diary on the eleventh, 642 00:40:28,400 --> 00:40:31,920 Speaker 1: describing her as quote an extraordinary beauty and wit, but 643 00:40:32,040 --> 00:40:37,640 Speaker 1: dissolute and impatient of matrimonial restraint. After paying off her debts, 644 00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:43,000 Speaker 1: Armand had Hortense's body embalmed and returned to France. He 645 00:40:43,120 --> 00:40:47,280 Speaker 1: took it through what seems like an intentionally planned round 646 00:40:47,320 --> 00:40:52,680 Speaker 1: about and very long route, traveling through places that he 647 00:40:52,800 --> 00:40:56,359 Speaker 1: knew that she hated to get there. The drama uh 648 00:40:56,600 --> 00:41:00,239 Speaker 1: Marie Vancini's last year seemed to have been more comfortable 649 00:41:00,280 --> 00:41:03,160 Speaker 1: and happier than her sisters. She did not have much 650 00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:05,680 Speaker 1: of her own but her sons were generous with her. 651 00:41:06,400 --> 00:41:09,000 Speaker 1: She traveled when things like the nine Years wore weren't 652 00:41:09,040 --> 00:41:12,239 Speaker 1: making it too dangerous to do so. She died in 653 00:41:12,360 --> 00:41:16,000 Speaker 1: Pisa on May eighth, seventeen fifteen, and she was buried there. 654 00:41:16,400 --> 00:41:18,640 Speaker 1: She had asked to be buried wherever it was she 655 00:41:18,719 --> 00:41:22,120 Speaker 1: happened to be when she died. Her first love, Louis 656 00:41:22,120 --> 00:41:25,800 Speaker 1: the fourteenth, died a few months later. There are lots 657 00:41:25,840 --> 00:41:29,880 Speaker 1: of books about Hortense Mancini and Marie Mancini, and others 658 00:41:29,920 --> 00:41:32,839 Speaker 1: of their sisters and the Affair of the Poisons that's 659 00:41:32,880 --> 00:41:35,279 Speaker 1: come up a couple times. One of the books that 660 00:41:35,360 --> 00:41:39,040 Speaker 1: spocused just on Hortons and Marie is The King's Mistresses, 661 00:41:39,120 --> 00:41:42,680 Speaker 1: The Liberated Lives of Marie Mancini, Princess Colonna and her sister, 662 00:41:42,760 --> 00:41:46,640 Speaker 1: Horton's Duchess Mazarin, that came out in twenty twelve. There's 663 00:41:46,800 --> 00:41:51,560 Speaker 1: also a pretty new translation of their groundbreaking memoirs, which 664 00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:54,360 Speaker 1: came out in two thousand and eight from the University 665 00:41:54,400 --> 00:42:02,479 Speaker 1: of Chicago Press. Thanks so much for joining us on 666 00:42:02,520 --> 00:42:04,959 Speaker 1: this Saturday. If you'd like to send us a note, 667 00:42:04,960 --> 00:42:09,719 Speaker 1: our email addresses History Podcast at iHeartRadio dot com. And 668 00:42:09,920 --> 00:42:12,479 Speaker 1: you can subscribe to the show on the iHeartRadio app, 669 00:42:12,600 --> 00:42:15,920 Speaker 1: Apple podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.