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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of iHeartRadio. Hey,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's Chuck

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Speaker 1: and Jerry's here too, and it's just the three of

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Speaker 1: us with three pairs of eyes. And that's all I did.

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Speaker 2: We all wear glasses.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I guess all three of us do. Now, Huh

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Speaker 1: you didn't for a really long time. You were the

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Speaker 1: holdout who kept crashing your car.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, I wore And I think I've told this story,

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Speaker 2: but I was sort of the typical story of always

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Speaker 2: had really great vision and then it's been more longer

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Speaker 2: than you think. Then sometime in my mid forties, I

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Speaker 2: was like, Huh, this thing I'm reading isn't so clear.

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Speaker 2: And I went to the doctor and they're like, yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 2: you're reading. Vision is failing, so just get some glasses.

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Speaker 1: Did I ever tell you the story of when I

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Speaker 1: found out I needed glasses?

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Speaker 2: Now? How old were you?

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Speaker 1: I was in fourth grade and we went in for

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Speaker 1: like a lyfe check and a like an eye exam

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Speaker 1: that just an eye test, just one of those things

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Speaker 1: where it's like, obviously the state requires this, so it

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Speaker 1: doesn't actually it's not actually a.

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Speaker 2: Thing scoliosis too while they're at it.

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Speaker 1: Probably, so I was like totally flabbergasted when they were like,

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Speaker 1: you need glasses, Like I was just expecting not that

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Speaker 1: at all. Yeah, And sure enough, when I went in

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Speaker 1: for an eye exam, I was like, oh, I can

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Speaker 1: actually see things now. I hadn't really noticed. And so yeah,

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Speaker 1: since fourth grade I had to wear glasses or contact lenses,

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Speaker 1: and I'll never forget my first pair of glasses. I

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Speaker 1: think I was kind of bummed that I had to

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Speaker 1: wear glasses at all. So my mom made sure that

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Speaker 1: we went and got like the coolest glasses we could find,

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Speaker 1: that's sweet, which were in Elton John Special. They were

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Speaker 1: totally clear, an electric blue wire going through the whole thing,

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Speaker 1: and I would wear those today if I could find them.

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Speaker 1: They were pretty awesome.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean the time where we grew up glasses

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Speaker 2: was definitely like kind of super not cool, but then

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Speaker 2: I remember by the time we got to high school,

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Speaker 2: it was I can't believe I'm admitting this. I'm actually

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Speaker 2: one of those people who bought the fake glasses and

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Speaker 2: were a little while Oh yeah, yeah, because it was

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Speaker 2: you know, international mail, the whole GQ thing. I thought

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Speaker 2: I was a preppy kid, and I thought they'd make

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Speaker 2: me look cooler and more preppy, and so I did

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Speaker 2: that tortoise shells yeah for a while. But yeah, glasses,

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Speaker 2: And as we'll see in this, in this great, great

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Speaker 2: article that Livia put together for us, that has long

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Speaker 2: been a push pull since kind of the beginning of

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Speaker 2: glasses was do they make it seem like you're deficient

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Speaker 2: as a person or do they make you look like smarter?

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Speaker 1: Yeah? Yeah, No, it's it's a tension that's as old

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Speaker 1: as glasses, basically. Yeah, And it's sad that it still

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Speaker 1: kind of goes on. But I think that's really kind

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Speaker 1: of gone the way of the dinosaur thanks to people

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Speaker 1: like you stepping up and wearing glasses when you didn't

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Speaker 1: need them, thanks to Huey Lewis stepping up and teaching

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Speaker 1: everyone it's hip to be square. I really think that

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Speaker 1: was probably the transition point right there.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, And I also want to point out I would

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Speaker 2: love to see pictures of you with those glasses, if

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Speaker 2: you have any, because to me, there's nothing cuter than

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Speaker 2: a kid wearing glasses. Well, I don't.

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Speaker 1: Know if I can, if I can put my finger

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Speaker 1: on any of those and even if I could, I'm

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Speaker 1: pretty sure the glasses were my best feature back then.

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Speaker 1: So you talked about, you know, this tension from the

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Speaker 1: beginning of glasses. Let's talk about the beginning of glasses.

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Speaker 1: Because the concept of glasses as we understand them today,

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Speaker 1: like these things that you wear that contain corrective lenses

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Speaker 1: that you can put on your on your face and

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Speaker 1: they typically won't fall off. That's only a few hundred

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Speaker 1: years old. But people have needed corrective lenses for long

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Speaker 1: before that. So there's a really great question that I've

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Speaker 1: always kind of wondered that I've never bothered to look up,

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Speaker 1: Like what about people who needed glasses before glasses were invented?

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Speaker 2: Yeah? So, uh again, Lyvia helped us with this, and

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Speaker 2: I think I'm going to use her title because it

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Speaker 2: was really another Lvia special.

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Speaker 1: I didn't get it.

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Speaker 2: Four eyes good. You didn't get it?

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Speaker 1: No, I still don't.

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Speaker 2: Well, four eyes means you wear glasses, right, and so

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Speaker 2: you know four eyes is good? Okay, So they're like

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Speaker 2: helps you see better.

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Speaker 1: There's no there's no deeper meaning or pun or reference

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Speaker 1: to it.

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Speaker 2: Oh I don't think so, cause I mean.

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Speaker 1: Why why didn't she include r like, four eyes are good.

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Speaker 2: I just took it. I may be wrong. We'll have

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Speaker 2: to ask Livia as just four eyes good, like TikTok would.

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Speaker 1: Say, yeah, okay, all right maybe, so yeah, we have

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Speaker 1: to ask Olivia.

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Speaker 2: I may be staring at an obvious pun though that

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Speaker 2: I'm not overlooking so who knows.

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Speaker 1: Well, we're both overlooking it if we are.

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Speaker 2: So let me put on my pun glasses.

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Speaker 1: You need to break those things, all right.

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Speaker 2: So anyway, I agree, you know, Olivia kind of points

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Speaker 2: out like as reading came along, people needed glasses more

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Speaker 2: and more because a lot of like myself, if I

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Speaker 2: never read anything, I would be just fine. Like I

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Speaker 2: might look at something close to me and be like,

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Speaker 2: well it might look a little fuzzy, but it's not

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Speaker 2: like reading something that's fuzzy. So for before reading became

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Speaker 2: a big, big thing, not as many people noticed, I think.

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Speaker 2: And then I think people who had which is it

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Speaker 2: nearsighted or far sighted When you can't see something far away.

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Speaker 1: You're nearsighted, like you're sighted to see things nearby.

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Speaker 2: Okay, So I think those people were just kind of

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Speaker 2: sol and just was like, oh, well, I guess just

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Speaker 2: one of the things that happens to people.

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Speaker 1: Yes, there is such a thing as hereditary myopia, where

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Speaker 1: you can be myopic because you were born that way.

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Speaker 1: But the larger point here is that there were far,

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Speaker 1: far fewer people who were myopic than there are today

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Speaker 1: because of the advent of reading. And there's studies that

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Speaker 1: show that the more students read, the more myopic they become.

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Speaker 1: And it's just as sounding to me. I didn't ever

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Speaker 1: think of it that way, but it's totally true. From reading.

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Speaker 1: Glasses came as a necessity.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and the people that may have been had you

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Speaker 2: not great close focus back in the day, may have

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Speaker 2: done things like engraving or these skills where they were

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Speaker 2: doing something kind of like reading, right right.

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Speaker 1: So, and we've had lenses, just not corrective lenses for

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Speaker 1: a very long time. About almost five thousand years ago,

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Speaker 1: people were grinding things like quartz into lenses, but they

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Speaker 1: were basically like little six year old kids. They would

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Speaker 1: use them to start fires with that's what their purpose was.

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Speaker 1: And they were developed independently in different parts of the world,

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Speaker 1: like Assyria and Greece had them about five thousand years ago,

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Speaker 1: and about two thousand years ago they developed them in Peru,

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Speaker 1: which is pretty cool too. But I mean, a good

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Speaker 1: idea is a good idea, and I think things like

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Speaker 1: that proved that.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, for sure, it was archimedes deathway was that a lens?

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Speaker 1: It was a mirror a right, Yeah, I thought of

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Speaker 1: that too.

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Speaker 2: Oh, we did a great podcast on mirrors a long time,

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Speaker 2: you remember that one.

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Speaker 1: That was a good one. My brain is still broken

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Speaker 1: from that. Like it was one of those things where

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Speaker 1: I just assumed it would be pretty easy, and it's

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Speaker 1: not at all easy. It's really hard to comprehend mirrors

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Speaker 1: and how they work.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, totally, all right, So, yeah, they were polishing lenses

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Speaker 2: and I think the reading stone was the first kind

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Speaker 2: of use of a lens to help you read something.

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Speaker 2: And those were the little round things that you would

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Speaker 2: sit literally sit on a book and push along rather

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Speaker 2: than hold it out like a magnifying glass. And there

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Speaker 2: was a lot of monk, a lot of monks doing

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Speaker 2: a lot of this because I think they were doing

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Speaker 2: more like text work than a lot of most people

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Speaker 2: back then.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, because you didn't have a way to copy anything

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Speaker 1: except for by hand, so that was a huge role

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Speaker 1: of monks. So yeah, they definitely needed those and then

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Speaker 1: translating things into other languages. There's a really good example

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Speaker 1: of an important development in the field of like classes

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Speaker 1: or corrective lenses that happened because somebody translated the writing

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Speaker 1: of an Arab scholar named Abu Ali al Hassan Ibn

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Speaker 1: al Hatham, who was born in nine sixty five CE,

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Speaker 1: and he actually figured out that we see because our

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Speaker 1: eyes sense beams of light, and in other parts of

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Speaker 1: the world, like for example, Greece, they thought it was

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Speaker 1: the opposite, that we shot laser beams out of our eyes.

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Speaker 1: And I know we've talked about that before, Yeah, because

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Speaker 1: it's so preposterous that I just love it. But I

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Speaker 1: don't remember what episode, but but I a'l Hatham figured

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Speaker 1: this out. But he was writing in Arabic. Luckily, there

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Speaker 1: was a monk who was also a physicist, a Polish

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Speaker 1: monk named Vitelo, who in the twelve hundreds translated al

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Speaker 1: Haitham from Arabic to Latin, which gave a chance for

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Speaker 1: another monk in English, monk named Roger Bacon, to read

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Speaker 1: it in Latin and then build on al Haatham's findings

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Speaker 1: about vision and optics.

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Speaker 2: Is it weird to me that I thought the monk

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Speaker 2: being named Roger Bacon was funny sounding.

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Speaker 1: No it is. It's really funny. Oh okay, yeah, no

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Speaker 1: it's I mean, it's just such a modern name but

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Speaker 1: also a silly modern name. Yeah, yeah, okay, good, I'm

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Speaker 1: with you. No offense to Kevin, No, no, he knows.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, if we're talking about glasses, like you know, the

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Speaker 2: glasses that we think of today, still not you know,

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Speaker 2: you'll note there's some key things missing here still. But

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Speaker 2: if we're talking about a convex lens to help someone

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Speaker 2: who is far sighted read text or a book, you

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Speaker 2: got to go to Italy in the late thirteenth century,

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Speaker 2: Italy with a little bit of Germany mixed in here

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Speaker 2: and there. But it seems like Italy really drove the

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Speaker 2: glasses industry forward, using crown glass at the time, like

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Speaker 2: you know, real glass for their lenses. And we'll get

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Speaker 2: to that switch later on too. But they speculate that

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Speaker 2: you know, they were grinding me and you know, they

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Speaker 2: were making mirrors and polishing stones and stuff, so they

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Speaker 2: probably wasn't a big leap to start doing the same

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Speaker 2: kind of things with the same kind of tools to

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Speaker 2: make glass lenses.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and so like you said there were convex lenses

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Speaker 1: to help magnify things for people who are far sighted,

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Speaker 1: and that is far far easier to make than a

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Speaker 1: concave lens, as we'll see. So those convex lenses were

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Speaker 1: around for centuries before corrective lenses for people with myopia

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Speaker 1: came along.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, And another thing I don't want to do, maybe

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Speaker 2: is if you're in a place to look things up

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Speaker 2: for image searches, these are all fun to look at,

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Speaker 2: these antique glasses. If you look up Rivet spectacles Rivet,

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Speaker 2: these were sort of the first glasses that were held

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Speaker 2: together by a little you know, Rivet. It looks like

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Speaker 2: a hinge. I couldn't tell it. It looks like they

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Speaker 2: might move and like fold upon each other.

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Speaker 3: Is that true.

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Speaker 1: I don't know, but it looked like that to me too,

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Speaker 1: I would guess.

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Speaker 2: So they're kind of cool looking. But one thing you

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Speaker 2: notice is that even with the Rivet spectacles, they're not

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Speaker 2: you don't hang that Rivet on your nose. It's still

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Speaker 2: just a hinge to hold them together.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, you had to hold classes or spectacles with your

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Speaker 1: hand for centuries after they were invented. Basically. Yeah, And

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Speaker 1: like we said, with the advent of reading. Thanks to

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Speaker 1: things like the Gutenberg printing Press in the fourteen hundreds

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Speaker 1: or later in the sixteen hundreds, when Europe started to

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Speaker 1: publish newspapers all over the place, reading became much more widespread,

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Speaker 1: and so the need four glasses became much more widespread

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Speaker 1: thanks to the development of myopia from reading and especially

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Speaker 1: reading by candle light.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I guess that would really put a strain on

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Speaker 2: your eyes, right.

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Speaker 1: Totally for sure. And so this is also about the

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Speaker 1: time in medieval I think medieval Europe where the whole

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Speaker 1: thing kind of became like, all right, is this a

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Speaker 1: fashion statement? Are you showing everybody that you're correcting a disability?

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Speaker 1: What's the deal here with classes? This is around the

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Speaker 1: time where it really kind of started to take hold,

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Speaker 1: and in fact, Olivia turned up something I thought was

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Speaker 1: pretty interesting. Depending on the painter and depending on how

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Speaker 1: you wanted to depict the person, especially during the Renaissance,

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Speaker 1: you might show somebody who was born before glasses were

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Speaker 1: invented wearing glasses to get across how studious and scholarly

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Speaker 1: they were, or if you wanted to show how cool

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Speaker 1: somebody was if they were known to wear glasses you

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Speaker 1: might have you might leave the glasses out altogether.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, it's that that weird pushbull that we were

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Speaker 2: talking about. And I guess it just depended on maybe

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Speaker 2: just the time and place and what the culture was

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Speaker 2: like in that particular time and place, right right.

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Speaker 1: They were also a way to depict wealth. Remember it

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Speaker 1: had a painting called the Parable of the Rich Fool,

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Speaker 1: which is a Bible story. So of course it's took

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Speaker 1: place long before there was such a thing as glasses,

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Speaker 1: but he included glasses on the Rich Fool to show

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Speaker 1: how rich he was.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and in China, because he's spread via the Silk

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Speaker 2: Road to Asia, some of their judiciary committees they were like,

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Speaker 2: here's your uniform, and part of it was glasses, whether

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Speaker 2: you needed them or not. Like you like me? That

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Speaker 2: nice work.

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Speaker 1: You want to take a break, Yeah.

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Speaker 2: I mean, since we literally just chinxed each other, I

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Speaker 2: think it should take break.

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Speaker 1: That's right. You owe me a coke?

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Speaker 3: All right, be right back, so chuck before we.

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Speaker 1: Get started again. I want to say something every time

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Speaker 1: I say glasses, or hear glasses, or even read glasses

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Speaker 1: in my head, Velma goes my glasses. It's been happening constantly,

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Speaker 1: and I think what's most significant about it is that

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Speaker 1: hasn't gotten old yet.

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Speaker 2: So Velma from Scooby Doo would she lose her glasses?

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Speaker 1: She invariably said, my glasses, and I just got it

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Speaker 1: in my head.

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Speaker 2: And you've been doing that like for two days.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, over and over and over and over. It's going

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Speaker 1: on right now as we speak. As a matter of fact.

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Speaker 2: And by the sounds of it, you were also practicing

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Speaker 2: that Arabic name.

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Speaker 1: I actually did not out loud.

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00:15:07,040 --> 00:15:09,520
Speaker 2: Yeah, you busted that thing out, man.

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Speaker 1: I just have a silver tongue for Arabic.

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Speaker 2: Apparently that was really good.

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Speaker 1: Thanks. Okay, so let's get started. We talked about how

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Speaker 1: the lenses for far sightedness or around for centuries before nearsightedness,

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00:15:24,240 --> 00:15:27,280
Speaker 1: but we eventually got to those, I guess in like

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Speaker 1: the fifteenth century the fourteen hundreds, again not coincidentally with

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00:15:31,040 --> 00:15:33,920
Speaker 1: the spread of reading, we finally figured out how to

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00:15:34,080 --> 00:15:38,360
Speaker 1: make lenses that are concave that correct vision for people

292
00:15:38,360 --> 00:15:40,560
Speaker 1: who can see things nearby but not far away.

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00:15:41,160 --> 00:15:44,560
Speaker 2: That's right, and the other way around, like you mentioned

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Speaker 2: in Act one, a lot harder to do. There was

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Speaker 2: a cardinal named Nicholas of Kusa, And this is where

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Speaker 2: the Germany part comes in, because that's where Germany is now.

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Speaker 2: He's given a lot of credit to developing the convex lens.

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Speaker 2: But once again, it was really Italy where a lot

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Speaker 2: of this was taking place, specifically Florence, where they were

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Speaker 2: really crafting excellent lenses for the time. And I think

301
00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:12,400
Speaker 2: they were pretty darn good at it, even like compared

302
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Speaker 2: to today. I've read that it's like kind of remarkable

303
00:16:15,440 --> 00:16:16,320
Speaker 2: how good they were at this.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, for sure. I mean I always equate venue

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00:16:23,360 --> 00:16:26,800
Speaker 1: with glass because of Venetian glass, but sure, why not

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Speaker 1: Florence too.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So there are a couple of innovations that came along

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Speaker 1: in the seventeenth century to the sixteen hundreds that really

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Speaker 1: kind of helped push things forward. So we've been making

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Speaker 1: glass for centuries by then. But as they were trying

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00:16:45,360 --> 00:16:47,960
Speaker 1: to figure out how to make these things refract light.

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Speaker 1: That's how lenses correct. They refract light at different angles

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00:16:51,960 --> 00:16:56,960
Speaker 1: depending on what you need to see in focus. They

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00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:59,960
Speaker 1: figured out that not only you know, could you use

316
00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:02,440
Speaker 1: traditional glass and then shape it in certain ways, you

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00:17:02,440 --> 00:17:05,119
Speaker 1: could add certain things to glass that would help with

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00:17:05,200 --> 00:17:08,159
Speaker 1: their refractiveness. So they figured out that if they add

319
00:17:08,359 --> 00:17:12,320
Speaker 1: low iron, potash or lead oxide, it will give it

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00:17:12,359 --> 00:17:16,040
Speaker 1: a higher refractive index. But you need less glass to

321
00:17:16,080 --> 00:17:19,600
Speaker 1: do that. So all of a sudden, glasses became immediately

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00:17:19,720 --> 00:17:21,840
Speaker 1: less clunky and a little more comfortable.

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00:17:22,359 --> 00:17:25,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, for sure. And you know you mentioned paintings in

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00:17:25,640 --> 00:17:30,040
Speaker 2: that in the first part. But I thought the encyclopedia

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00:17:30,160 --> 00:17:34,840
Speaker 2: brownness of this next bit was really pretty great because

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Speaker 2: there is actual evidence of concave lens use in Raphael's

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Speaker 2: painting portrait of Pope Leo ten and two cardinals and

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Speaker 2: they say ten. Huh, what do you say? X?

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00:17:48,160 --> 00:17:50,919
Speaker 1: Yeah, I know it's ten, but it just sounds cooler

330
00:17:50,920 --> 00:17:52,119
Speaker 1: as Poplo X.

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Speaker 3: Okay.

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Speaker 2: So Poplio was part of the Medici family, which had

333
00:17:59,359 --> 00:18:03,680
Speaker 2: genetic my iopia, as was well known back then. And

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00:18:04,200 --> 00:18:06,800
Speaker 2: you can see, and this is where it gets encyclopedia brown.

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00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:10,479
Speaker 2: You can see in the painting behind the lens, his

336
00:18:10,560 --> 00:18:14,879
Speaker 2: thumb is smaller, showing that it's a distance lens, and

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00:18:14,920 --> 00:18:17,680
Speaker 2: that is just that little detail. For someone to paint

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Speaker 2: that and then other people to notice is pretty great.

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00:18:20,080 --> 00:18:22,679
Speaker 1: I mean, that's so raphe yel you know. Yeah, And

340
00:18:22,680 --> 00:18:25,480
Speaker 1: then there was some other advances too that weren't exactly

341
00:18:25,680 --> 00:18:28,800
Speaker 1: corrective lenses, but people figured out, especially the Dutch, were

342
00:18:28,840 --> 00:18:32,159
Speaker 1: super into this that if you took corrective lenses that

343
00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:34,960
Speaker 1: could bend light in different ways, you could see things

344
00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:37,760
Speaker 1: that were really small, or you could see things that

345
00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:41,320
Speaker 1: were really far away, and so they were really helpful

346
00:18:41,359 --> 00:18:44,160
Speaker 1: in developing the microscope and the telescope too.

347
00:18:44,600 --> 00:18:49,280
Speaker 2: That's right. But I know everyone's chomping at the bit saying,

348
00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:51,160
Speaker 2: these glasses that you can hold up to your face

349
00:18:51,200 --> 00:18:55,760
Speaker 2: are fine. But guys, when did people start wearing glasses?

350
00:18:56,480 --> 00:18:59,760
Speaker 2: We can go to the seventeenth century finally, when we

351
00:18:59,840 --> 00:19:02,720
Speaker 2: got the bow spectacle or is it boo?

352
00:19:03,320 --> 00:19:06,720
Speaker 1: I wonder that myself. I think bow like a bow

353
00:19:06,760 --> 00:19:09,320
Speaker 1: and arrow bow. It's like the shape of a bow

354
00:19:09,359 --> 00:19:11,280
Speaker 1: without the string. I think that's what it is.

355
00:19:11,680 --> 00:19:13,240
Speaker 2: Okay, that's what I think it is too. But those

356
00:19:13,240 --> 00:19:17,280
Speaker 2: are the glasses that still didn't have what do you

357
00:19:17,280 --> 00:19:18,840
Speaker 2: call the things on the side.

358
00:19:18,680 --> 00:19:20,760
Speaker 1: The temples or the arms now.

359
00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:23,280
Speaker 2: No arms, yeah, no arms yet. But they had a

360
00:19:23,359 --> 00:19:25,960
Speaker 2: little a little thing where you could slip it over

361
00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:28,679
Speaker 2: your nose and it would, you know, if you had

362
00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:31,399
Speaker 2: a good fit, it would sit there. Otherwise you probably

363
00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:33,720
Speaker 2: still needed to assist it with your fingies.

364
00:19:34,119 --> 00:19:36,560
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly the same thing that's still around now. It

365
00:19:36,600 --> 00:19:39,119
Speaker 1: sits on the bridge of your nose and rests and helps,

366
00:19:39,160 --> 00:19:41,800
Speaker 1: you know, hold your glasses up right. Yeah, so that

367
00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:44,160
Speaker 1: was a huge advance. It's funny when you look back

368
00:19:44,200 --> 00:19:48,359
Speaker 1: at this stuff, You're just like, this is all just

369
00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:50,960
Speaker 1: such low hanging fruit glasses. Guys, why didn't you just

370
00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:54,360
Speaker 1: put them together immediately? Yeah, And that's just not how

371
00:19:54,400 --> 00:19:57,119
Speaker 1: it went. I mean, this person contributed this, this person

372
00:19:57,200 --> 00:20:01,040
Speaker 1: contributed that, and they took millennia to develop, which I

373
00:20:01,119 --> 00:20:05,080
Speaker 1: just find astounding. It's like a miracle that we have

374
00:20:05,200 --> 00:20:09,399
Speaker 1: glasses today based on how long and plotting their development was.

375
00:20:09,760 --> 00:20:11,800
Speaker 2: Well. Yeah, And what's the funniest thing to me about

376
00:20:11,880 --> 00:20:14,080
Speaker 2: all of this as I was reading each little development

377
00:20:14,520 --> 00:20:16,399
Speaker 2: was the whole time, the ears are sitting there on

378
00:20:16,440 --> 00:20:19,399
Speaker 2: the side of your head, just like, hey, guys, we

379
00:20:19,480 --> 00:20:22,320
Speaker 2: have two literal anchor points sticking out of the side

380
00:20:22,640 --> 00:20:26,919
Speaker 2: of everybody's head and still no one I think. In Spain,

381
00:20:27,520 --> 00:20:30,880
Speaker 2: Lvia found that some people would tie a string and

382
00:20:30,920 --> 00:20:33,520
Speaker 2: then tie it around their ear, like if they were

383
00:20:33,640 --> 00:20:37,240
Speaker 2: playing you know, soccer or something. I guess but no

384
00:20:37,320 --> 00:20:40,639
Speaker 2: one still was like, hey, maybe we should make something

385
00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:42,040
Speaker 2: to sit on those ears.

386
00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:45,720
Speaker 1: So to be fair, there was a guy named Edward

387
00:20:45,840 --> 00:20:49,160
Speaker 1: Scarlett who was an optician in London in the seventeen twenties,

388
00:20:49,520 --> 00:20:52,720
Speaker 1: and he saw what you're talking about, m M. But

389
00:20:52,920 --> 00:20:56,639
Speaker 1: at the time, so he invented temples those sides those arms,

390
00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:59,800
Speaker 1: but they didn't curve downward to take advantage of those

391
00:21:00,160 --> 00:21:02,560
Speaker 1: natural anchor points the backs of the ears like the

392
00:21:02,760 --> 00:21:05,280
Speaker 1: US today. But there was a good reason why, and

393
00:21:05,359 --> 00:21:08,360
Speaker 1: that was at the time, anyone who is wealthy enough

394
00:21:08,359 --> 00:21:11,880
Speaker 1: to afford glasses also wore powdered wigs and those things

395
00:21:11,880 --> 00:21:15,480
Speaker 1: were giant and covered the ears. You couldn't use the

396
00:21:15,560 --> 00:21:17,560
Speaker 1: back of the ears like that because they were covered up,

397
00:21:17,720 --> 00:21:20,800
Speaker 1: but you could use the temples as pressure points for

398
00:21:20,920 --> 00:21:24,000
Speaker 1: those those arms that they he came up with.

399
00:21:24,320 --> 00:21:27,320
Speaker 2: So those were just like little squeezes essentially.

400
00:21:27,440 --> 00:21:29,520
Speaker 1: Yeah, they would give you a migraine in like three minutes.

401
00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:34,680
Speaker 2: Okay, because I did also see that. Olivia found rather

402
00:21:34,760 --> 00:21:37,200
Speaker 2: that they some people would it would attach a ribbon,

403
00:21:38,320 --> 00:21:40,080
Speaker 2: but they still wouldn't time around the ear. They would

404
00:21:40,119 --> 00:21:42,000
Speaker 2: just tie it around the back of their head. A

405
00:21:42,480 --> 00:21:47,320
Speaker 2: harlequin yeah, yeah, to those squeeze temples. Finally we get

406
00:21:47,359 --> 00:21:50,439
Speaker 2: a guy that gets closer. In seven fifty two, an

407
00:21:50,520 --> 00:21:55,639
Speaker 2: English optician named James ice Coff, I guess had a

408
00:21:55,680 --> 00:22:00,600
Speaker 2: double hinge side and well, actually I don't think he

409
00:22:00,640 --> 00:22:04,240
Speaker 2: invented the turnpin template. That was about twenty five years

410
00:22:04,280 --> 00:22:07,880
Speaker 2: after that, because the turnpin template from or temple, from

411
00:22:07,880 --> 00:22:11,040
Speaker 2: what I can tell, it goes straight back and then

412
00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:14,520
Speaker 2: has a hinge and then goes straight down behind the

413
00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:18,720
Speaker 2: ear ninety degrees. But it doesn't like curve around the ear.

414
00:22:18,760 --> 00:22:20,920
Speaker 2: It was just a big ninety degree drop that sat

415
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:23,680
Speaker 2: down a couple of inches even below the ear right.

416
00:22:23,760 --> 00:22:26,200
Speaker 1: But it finally started to take advantage of the back

417
00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:26,920
Speaker 1: of the ear right.

418
00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:28,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, in a clunky way.

419
00:22:28,920 --> 00:22:31,320
Speaker 1: But at the same time, with these guys putting hinges

420
00:22:31,320 --> 00:22:33,680
Speaker 1: in there, now you have these arms that can number one,

421
00:22:33,800 --> 00:22:36,920
Speaker 1: fold away for convenience, but also number two. If they're

422
00:22:36,960 --> 00:22:40,399
Speaker 1: double spring, they can also bend kind of outwards. So

423
00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:43,000
Speaker 1: now you could just put glasses on and they would

424
00:22:43,080 --> 00:22:46,440
Speaker 1: fit to your giant head or your tiny head, depending

425
00:22:46,480 --> 00:22:51,280
Speaker 1: on the size. Immediately thanks to the spring and those hinges.

426
00:22:51,800 --> 00:22:54,159
Speaker 2: Yeah, I remember seeing those for the first time, and

427
00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:57,520
Speaker 2: that seemed like a very modern invention in like the eighties,

428
00:22:57,560 --> 00:22:58,640
Speaker 2: But that's not true.

429
00:22:58,400 --> 00:23:01,679
Speaker 1: At all, No, I don't. I think it took a

430
00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:04,879
Speaker 1: little while for it to become ubiquitous, but it was

431
00:23:05,080 --> 00:23:06,639
Speaker 1: older than that for sure.

432
00:23:07,080 --> 00:23:10,199
Speaker 2: Yeah, well I only use you know, I found a

433
00:23:10,280 --> 00:23:13,879
Speaker 2: number of years ago that the ray Ban Wayfairer is

434
00:23:13,960 --> 00:23:19,199
Speaker 2: kind of the only sunglass that I look okay in Okay,

435
00:23:19,720 --> 00:23:22,280
Speaker 2: So I've only worn those, and then I just buy

436
00:23:22,320 --> 00:23:26,280
Speaker 2: those frames to get my readers made because it's the

437
00:23:26,359 --> 00:23:28,879
Speaker 2: only only shape that I've ever found works for my face.

438
00:23:29,040 --> 00:23:31,760
Speaker 2: And so I'm a wayfair purist.

439
00:23:31,800 --> 00:23:34,479
Speaker 1: I guess I can do wayfarers and I can do

440
00:23:34,680 --> 00:23:35,720
Speaker 1: aviators too.

441
00:23:36,359 --> 00:23:37,399
Speaker 2: I can't pull those off.

442
00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:39,680
Speaker 1: The ones that I can't pull off that I really

443
00:23:39,680 --> 00:23:43,000
Speaker 1: wish I could are the I want to say, carreras,

444
00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:44,680
Speaker 1: but they're not. You know what I'm talking about, those

445
00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:47,800
Speaker 1: Italian ones that are super sleek looking that you basically

446
00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:49,160
Speaker 1: have to wear a speedo with.

447
00:23:50,480 --> 00:23:52,240
Speaker 2: I think I know exactly what you're talking about.

448
00:23:52,359 --> 00:23:54,560
Speaker 1: Yeah, those, I wish I could rock those, and they

449
00:23:54,600 --> 00:23:56,480
Speaker 1: just do not look right on me. And I think

450
00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:59,560
Speaker 1: we should include a little PSA here for everybody that

451
00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:05,000
Speaker 1: wears those giant multi colored reflective visor sunglasses. Now nobody

452
00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:09,840
Speaker 1: looks good in those, which ones the giant visor sunglasses

453
00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:11,720
Speaker 1: that are super in right now.

454
00:24:12,760 --> 00:24:15,520
Speaker 2: What is visor? Would you mean like a hat visor?

455
00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:20,760
Speaker 1: No, like like ski goggles, but without the goggle part.

456
00:24:20,760 --> 00:24:24,720
Speaker 1: They're just sunglasses. But they're that massive and colorfully reflective.

457
00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:27,520
Speaker 1: How have you not seen these? I don't know, like

458
00:24:27,560 --> 00:24:32,120
Speaker 1: Oakley's kind of Yeah, I'm sure, please make them. Yes, bigger,

459
00:24:32,280 --> 00:24:33,159
Speaker 1: just imagine bigger.

460
00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:34,960
Speaker 2: I'm gonna have to look up a picture of these

461
00:24:35,040 --> 00:24:37,280
Speaker 2: because I have not known. Also, I don't, you know,

462
00:24:37,320 --> 00:24:39,720
Speaker 2: get around in the world too much, So.

463
00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:43,439
Speaker 1: I mean I'm surprised you at least haven't seen like

464
00:24:43,480 --> 00:24:45,760
Speaker 1: a delivery person wearing them.

465
00:24:45,920 --> 00:24:48,480
Speaker 2: Oh, well, you know it's funny. I just did a

466
00:24:48,600 --> 00:24:50,840
Speaker 2: rare inshow look up and I see exactly what you're

467
00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:53,720
Speaker 2: talking about. H I do not like those. I did

468
00:24:53,720 --> 00:24:56,520
Speaker 2: not know people were wearing those. Oh yeah, they're huge now,

469
00:24:57,600 --> 00:25:01,080
Speaker 2: but they also when you type indvisors glasses, they make

470
00:25:01,119 --> 00:25:02,920
Speaker 2: sunglasses with the little visor over them.

471
00:25:03,359 --> 00:25:08,040
Speaker 1: Oh that's neat, like the Wane little flip up sunglasses.

472
00:25:08,280 --> 00:25:10,840
Speaker 2: Well, it's those are individual for each side. This is

473
00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:12,680
Speaker 2: I'm sending a picture of this dude right now, because

474
00:25:12,720 --> 00:25:13,920
Speaker 2: he's rocking pretty hard.

475
00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:14,760
Speaker 1: Nice.

476
00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:16,919
Speaker 2: Anyway, where I started with the whole ray ban thing

477
00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:19,480
Speaker 2: is though they don't make the spring ones where they

478
00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:22,159
Speaker 2: you know, have a pretty fat head, then luckily they

479
00:25:22,160 --> 00:25:24,880
Speaker 2: fit my face. But they don't, you know, bend outward,

480
00:25:25,160 --> 00:25:26,040
Speaker 2: flex outward.

481
00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:28,320
Speaker 1: They have what you called barrel hinges in there. No

482
00:25:28,440 --> 00:25:31,200
Speaker 1: they don't. They stop it like I guess ninety degrees

483
00:25:31,320 --> 00:25:34,360
Speaker 1: to the frame. But you can go in and get

484
00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:38,560
Speaker 1: those little parts of the barrel hinges adjusted to fit

485
00:25:38,640 --> 00:25:41,359
Speaker 1: your head if they don't automatically fit your head.

486
00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:42,960
Speaker 2: Man, you know a lot about this stuff.

487
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,000
Speaker 1: Well you know, I've been wearing them since fourth grade.

488
00:25:46,000 --> 00:25:48,560
Speaker 1: And you just pick up facts here or there.

489
00:25:50,000 --> 00:25:52,520
Speaker 2: All right. Just to cite a further example of the

490
00:25:52,560 --> 00:25:56,359
Speaker 2: push and pull of cool versus not cool, Napoleon needed glasses,

491
00:25:57,359 --> 00:26:00,240
Speaker 2: thought they make him look weak, so did not wear them,

492
00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:03,440
Speaker 2: and as a result, I think, like tripped over stuff

493
00:26:03,440 --> 00:26:04,600
Speaker 2: and people thought he was clumsy.

494
00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:07,440
Speaker 1: I mean, he rode a horse and he couldn't see.

495
00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:10,560
Speaker 1: That's kind of dangerous totally. There's another kind of big

496
00:26:10,600 --> 00:26:15,199
Speaker 1: splash that happened with glasses that made them fashionable. But

497
00:26:15,359 --> 00:26:18,280
Speaker 1: it was one of those things where something that's ugly

498
00:26:18,600 --> 00:26:23,800
Speaker 1: and utilitarian becomes fashionable. And it was a type of

499
00:26:23,840 --> 00:26:27,480
Speaker 1: glasses invented by Benjamin Martin. They ended up being called

500
00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:31,879
Speaker 1: Martin's margins because they're hugely thick frames. And the reason

501
00:26:31,880 --> 00:26:35,159
Speaker 1: that Martin invented them like that is because they block

502
00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:39,560
Speaker 1: light coming in from different directions rather than looking forward,

503
00:26:40,040 --> 00:26:42,480
Speaker 1: and that can obscure your vision a little bit. And

504
00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:46,040
Speaker 1: he's absolutely right, that totally is true. If you're just

505
00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:51,280
Speaker 1: outside looking wearing say, contacts, and you put on glasses,

506
00:26:51,320 --> 00:26:54,320
Speaker 1: there's a huge difference between the two because the frames

507
00:26:54,640 --> 00:26:57,199
Speaker 1: block some of the light coming downward into your eyes.

508
00:26:58,080 --> 00:27:00,000
Speaker 1: And everybody made fun of these because they were just

509
00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:03,800
Speaker 1: so ugly, but people started wearing them, and so everybody

510
00:27:03,800 --> 00:27:06,480
Speaker 1: who were making fun of them started making and selling

511
00:27:06,520 --> 00:27:06,840
Speaker 1: them too.

512
00:27:07,320 --> 00:27:09,800
Speaker 2: Yeah, and they're kind of crazy looking when you look

513
00:27:09,840 --> 00:27:13,399
Speaker 2: at them now. I have seen some that people that

514
00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:16,679
Speaker 2: kind of emulated this style. But it was noteworthy too

515
00:27:16,680 --> 00:27:19,800
Speaker 2: because it was one of the first ones that had

516
00:27:20,119 --> 00:27:22,240
Speaker 2: any kind of noticeable rim. Usually it was just the

517
00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:25,720
Speaker 2: lens and kind of the smallest piece of whalebone or

518
00:27:26,280 --> 00:27:28,800
Speaker 2: wire or something that could host that lens.

519
00:27:28,880 --> 00:27:33,920
Speaker 1: Right for sure, Yeah, so the sixteen hundreds I think

520
00:27:33,960 --> 00:27:37,520
Speaker 1: saw some technical advances, but the nineteenth century was just

521
00:27:37,600 --> 00:27:43,800
Speaker 1: a boom century for especially using corrective lenses, right, not

522
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:46,159
Speaker 1: just fashion or the way that they were made, or

523
00:27:46,200 --> 00:27:48,760
Speaker 1: getting around and putting arms that reach behind the back

524
00:27:48,800 --> 00:27:51,879
Speaker 1: of the ear, but like the actual function of glasses

525
00:27:51,920 --> 00:27:55,280
Speaker 1: became exponentially better in the nineteenth century.

526
00:27:55,920 --> 00:27:59,199
Speaker 2: Yeah, because you know, previous to this, the way you

527
00:27:59,240 --> 00:28:02,600
Speaker 2: got glasses well as the glasses manufacturer would make a

528
00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:05,320
Speaker 2: bunch of them and then they would send a salesperson

529
00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:07,879
Speaker 2: around and a wagon or I guess eventually a car

530
00:28:08,359 --> 00:28:11,320
Speaker 2: and they would travel around and kind of do like

531
00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:14,320
Speaker 2: the over the counter readers that what was it, like

532
00:28:14,359 --> 00:28:17,520
Speaker 2: thirty four percent of Americans actually use those these days.

533
00:28:17,960 --> 00:28:19,520
Speaker 1: Thirty four million, I think, oh.

534
00:28:19,440 --> 00:28:23,440
Speaker 2: Yeah, thirty a lot, Yeah, thirty four million. But it

535
00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:25,600
Speaker 2: was on the you know, on the road. Basically, you

536
00:28:25,680 --> 00:28:30,800
Speaker 2: just didn't have a prescription specific to your eye. Someone

537
00:28:30,840 --> 00:28:33,120
Speaker 2: just came around. You're like, well, these will do I guess.

538
00:28:33,560 --> 00:28:38,040
Speaker 2: But now all of a sudden, you got a real

539
00:28:38,240 --> 00:28:41,720
Speaker 2: you know, vision test, so they could dial in a

540
00:28:41,760 --> 00:28:43,320
Speaker 2: prescription for you for the first time.

541
00:28:43,680 --> 00:28:46,200
Speaker 1: Yeah, And that was thanks to people who started inventing

542
00:28:47,760 --> 00:28:51,000
Speaker 1: tools that are still kind of in use today evolved versions.

543
00:28:51,600 --> 00:28:54,880
Speaker 1: In particular is a guy named Herman von Helmholtz who

544
00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:59,480
Speaker 1: goes without saying was German. He invented the ophthalmoscope and

545
00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:06,440
Speaker 1: the ops a opthalometer uphthalmometer, sorry, and the ophthalmoscope lets

546
00:29:06,480 --> 00:29:09,800
Speaker 1: you see the back of a patient's eyeball, so when

547
00:29:09,800 --> 00:29:12,400
Speaker 1: they look at your eye and they're shining a light

548
00:29:12,480 --> 00:29:14,240
Speaker 1: and they're like, don't look into the light, look in

549
00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:17,800
Speaker 1: my ear or something like that. That's essentially an opthalmoscope

550
00:29:17,840 --> 00:29:21,360
Speaker 1: that Herman von Helmholtz invented in the eighteen fifties. And

551
00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:27,240
Speaker 1: then the ophthalmometer. You can assess the essentially the curvature

552
00:29:27,400 --> 00:29:30,280
Speaker 1: of the back of the retina while you're looking at

553
00:29:31,440 --> 00:29:34,160
Speaker 1: the retina through an opthalmoscope. And what you have now

554
00:29:34,280 --> 00:29:38,640
Speaker 1: is basically the the invention of the ability to figure

555
00:29:38,680 --> 00:29:42,479
Speaker 1: out what kind of corrective lenses you needed. Ophthalmology it

556
00:29:42,520 --> 00:29:45,920
Speaker 1: was born at this time, and so now they could

557
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:50,560
Speaker 1: really take exact measurements and then create the glasses for

558
00:29:50,680 --> 00:29:54,040
Speaker 1: you specifically, and they just worked so much better.

559
00:29:54,720 --> 00:29:58,960
Speaker 2: Yeah, and I'm glad you took all those words.

560
00:29:58,520 --> 00:30:00,760
Speaker 1: We should we mention that we had to edit out

561
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:03,480
Speaker 1: at least one attempt of ophthalmology.

562
00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:05,800
Speaker 2: Yeah. I mean that was the easiest one, I think,

563
00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:08,560
Speaker 2: because that's a word people commonly say. But there's something

564
00:30:08,560 --> 00:30:11,560
Speaker 2: about the optal being at the beginning that just makes

565
00:30:11,560 --> 00:30:12,960
Speaker 2: it a little brain breaking.

566
00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:13,920
Speaker 1: So horrendous.

567
00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:17,800
Speaker 2: What did you say for the second.

568
00:30:17,440 --> 00:30:23,400
Speaker 1: Machine, ophthalmom opthalmometer. I tried to add an extra syllable,

569
00:30:23,440 --> 00:30:24,040
Speaker 1: as per.

570
00:30:23,880 --> 00:30:30,240
Speaker 2: My usual opthalmometer. Yeah, yeah, sure, yeah, that's what meter.

571
00:30:31,520 --> 00:30:32,480
Speaker 1: Upthalmometer.

572
00:30:33,800 --> 00:30:37,080
Speaker 2: Oh boy, are we going to talk about the diopter?

573
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:40,200
Speaker 1: I think we should just mention it because it was

574
00:30:40,200 --> 00:30:42,840
Speaker 1: a huge breakthrough. We don't have to go into the formula.

575
00:30:42,920 --> 00:30:46,520
Speaker 1: But there were a pair of French ophthalmologists who in

576
00:30:46,560 --> 00:30:51,560
Speaker 1: the eighteen seventies figured out that you could quantify just

577
00:30:51,680 --> 00:30:56,000
Speaker 1: how much vision correction you needed. And it's mind bending

578
00:30:56,080 --> 00:31:00,960
Speaker 1: that it's called the diopter and it's a really simple formula,

579
00:31:01,040 --> 00:31:04,240
Speaker 1: but it's really hard to understand. But just take for

580
00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:07,840
Speaker 1: granted that ophthalmologists understand how to use that. And so

581
00:31:07,960 --> 00:31:10,640
Speaker 1: if you look at your prescription, whether for glasses or

582
00:31:10,680 --> 00:31:14,320
Speaker 1: for context, the thing that's labeled power, that number is

583
00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:18,160
Speaker 1: in diopters, and that just means how much of a

584
00:31:18,240 --> 00:31:24,200
Speaker 1: refraction correction you need to focus stuff far away or

585
00:31:24,280 --> 00:31:27,080
Speaker 1: nearby at your retina rather than in front of you

586
00:31:27,160 --> 00:31:29,640
Speaker 1: or behind you as you naturally would be with your

587
00:31:29,880 --> 00:31:31,800
Speaker 1: near sightedness or far sidedness.

588
00:31:32,520 --> 00:31:34,920
Speaker 2: Yeah, is the key to all this that machine that

589
00:31:34,960 --> 00:31:37,360
Speaker 2: you look through with the lenses that they flip down

590
00:31:38,720 --> 00:31:39,560
Speaker 2: during the eye test.

591
00:31:39,960 --> 00:31:44,120
Speaker 1: I think that's almost like a like they're zeroing in

592
00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:48,000
Speaker 1: on their observations of what your eye looks like, and

593
00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:51,240
Speaker 1: now they've got it narrowed down to like a couple

594
00:31:51,240 --> 00:31:54,280
Speaker 1: of different diopters. Okay, And it's almost to me like

595
00:31:54,360 --> 00:31:57,280
Speaker 1: that those traveling salesmen who'd be like, try this pair on,

596
00:31:57,480 --> 00:31:59,480
Speaker 1: try this pair on, but they're doing it with the

597
00:31:59,520 --> 00:32:04,320
Speaker 1: cool machine that has slides instead. Right, that's my take.

598
00:32:04,360 --> 00:32:06,280
Speaker 1: I could be wrong. I probably am wrong.

599
00:32:06,680 --> 00:32:08,760
Speaker 2: Well, I'd like to hear from optomologists because I know,

600
00:32:08,840 --> 00:32:11,440
Speaker 2: I know there's a lot more to it than like

601
00:32:12,440 --> 00:32:14,080
Speaker 2: just sitting down in front of this machine and we'll

602
00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:16,960
Speaker 2: punch the numbers into the whatever and it'll spit out

603
00:32:16,960 --> 00:32:20,880
Speaker 2: your prescription. Like there is actual expertise involved.

604
00:32:21,640 --> 00:32:24,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, for sure. Yeah, they have to like observe and

605
00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:27,920
Speaker 1: make guesses based on their observation from what I can understand.

606
00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:30,280
Speaker 2: How about that little eyepuff, the little air puff you.

607
00:32:30,320 --> 00:32:34,280
Speaker 1: Get it takes some time to get used to. Do

608
00:32:34,320 --> 00:32:34,800
Speaker 1: you like that?

609
00:32:35,560 --> 00:32:37,719
Speaker 2: No? I don't like it, but it's definitely I mean

610
00:32:37,760 --> 00:32:40,360
Speaker 2: all this was brand new to me a decade ago ish. So,

611
00:32:41,280 --> 00:32:42,920
Speaker 2: like you said, you've been doing it since you were

612
00:32:42,920 --> 00:32:44,440
Speaker 2: what like twelve eleven?

613
00:32:45,360 --> 00:32:48,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, however old you are in fourth grade, ken, I

614
00:32:48,520 --> 00:32:51,440
Speaker 1: don't know, but yes, around that time. To me, those

615
00:32:51,440 --> 00:32:54,840
Speaker 1: things are like the same experience as pulling a nose

616
00:32:54,880 --> 00:32:58,520
Speaker 1: hair out, you know, like you just it's in some

617
00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:02,040
Speaker 1: weird mass of kit stick way like enjoyable, but it's

618
00:33:02,080 --> 00:33:02,640
Speaker 1: not really.

619
00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:05,880
Speaker 2: Yeah, all right, so we're having too much fun here.

620
00:33:05,920 --> 00:33:08,640
Speaker 2: Let's take a break and get serious and we'll talk

621
00:33:08,680 --> 00:33:12,800
Speaker 2: a little bit more about plastics and bifocals and monocles

622
00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:38,080
Speaker 2: and sunglasses and everything else right after this. All right,

623
00:33:38,120 --> 00:33:42,280
Speaker 2: So we promised talks of plastic. After World War One,

624
00:33:42,320 --> 00:33:47,120
Speaker 2: plastics became a big thing, and resin specifically c R

625
00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:50,720
Speaker 2: thirty nine became the first big kind of popular plastic

626
00:33:51,400 --> 00:33:56,600
Speaker 2: used for lenses, which is still a pretty popular choice today.

627
00:33:56,680 --> 00:34:00,200
Speaker 1: Yeah, so that was a huge advancement in lenses, but

628
00:34:00,360 --> 00:34:03,200
Speaker 1: people were still making glass lenses for a long time

629
00:34:04,240 --> 00:34:07,760
Speaker 1: until nineteen seventy two in the United States, the FDA said, Hey,

630
00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:12,000
Speaker 1: walking around with two glass lenses on your eyes, like

631
00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:14,640
Speaker 1: so close to your eyes is probably kind of scary.

632
00:34:14,719 --> 00:34:18,239
Speaker 1: So now all lenses need to be shatterproof. So a

633
00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:21,520
Speaker 1: lot of glasses makers just turned to plastics at that point.

634
00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:25,439
Speaker 2: Yeah, and plastic worked. You know, it was much better

635
00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:28,880
Speaker 2: in a lot of ways because they were you know,

636
00:34:28,960 --> 00:34:31,440
Speaker 2: turned out to be more durable. Once they figured out

637
00:34:31,440 --> 00:34:35,600
Speaker 2: the scratch resistance, they wouldn't shatter, you know, near eye.

638
00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:39,000
Speaker 2: Obviously you could have a lot more kinds of styles.

639
00:34:39,160 --> 00:34:42,920
Speaker 2: You could have rimless glasses. Yeah, Obviously plastics in the

640
00:34:42,920 --> 00:34:47,279
Speaker 2: frames created a boom in fashion eyewear, like in the

641
00:34:47,320 --> 00:34:51,799
Speaker 2: fifties with cat eye glasses and horn rim glasses and

642
00:34:51,880 --> 00:34:55,440
Speaker 2: tortoiseshell and like the glasses you talked about in the

643
00:34:55,440 --> 00:34:57,759
Speaker 2: seventies and eighties, the big giant ron know if you

644
00:34:57,840 --> 00:35:00,800
Speaker 2: mentioned them, the big giant like neuro worn at the

645
00:35:00,840 --> 00:35:01,520
Speaker 2: end of Casino.

646
00:35:01,800 --> 00:35:02,799
Speaker 1: Yeah, I love those, man.

647
00:35:03,160 --> 00:35:05,320
Speaker 2: Jesse Thorn has some of those. I'm so jealous whenever

648
00:35:05,360 --> 00:35:05,879
Speaker 2: I see those.

649
00:35:06,160 --> 00:35:10,000
Speaker 1: Those seem to be based on a military issue type

650
00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:12,680
Speaker 1: of glasses, which we didn't say. The Two World Wars

651
00:35:12,680 --> 00:35:16,239
Speaker 1: helped make glasses normal in the United States because so

652
00:35:16,320 --> 00:35:21,040
Speaker 1: many soldiers needed them that the government started issuing them

653
00:35:21,080 --> 00:35:25,880
Speaker 1: like two million plus pairs. But the standard issue military

654
00:35:25,920 --> 00:35:29,440
Speaker 1: glasses were called were so ugly. They were called informally,

655
00:35:29,480 --> 00:35:33,400
Speaker 1: of course, birth controlled glasses or bcgs. And if you

656
00:35:33,440 --> 00:35:36,600
Speaker 1: look them up, they are that ugly. They're terrible.

657
00:35:37,360 --> 00:35:39,720
Speaker 2: Did they look like the Denier ones? Are they just giant?

658
00:35:40,040 --> 00:35:42,880
Speaker 1: They weren't nearly as cool as the DeNiro ones. They

659
00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:45,160
Speaker 1: were an uglier version of the DeNiro ones.

660
00:35:45,840 --> 00:35:47,439
Speaker 2: Got it. I'm going to look those up too.

661
00:35:47,800 --> 00:35:49,839
Speaker 1: Yeah, they're tough to look at.

662
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:52,520
Speaker 2: Yeah, giglasses that they're sometimes called as well.

663
00:35:52,719 --> 00:35:53,160
Speaker 1: Mm hmm.

664
00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:54,239
Speaker 2: It's like thanks a lot.

665
00:35:54,239 --> 00:35:57,719
Speaker 1: Army exactly. So that was a huge advance, but just

666
00:35:57,800 --> 00:36:00,000
Speaker 1: kind of dialing it back a little bit time wise.

667
00:36:00,960 --> 00:36:04,759
Speaker 1: There's like an old story that Ben Franklin invented the bifocals,

668
00:36:05,239 --> 00:36:08,160
Speaker 1: and that seems to actually be correct, based on a

669
00:36:08,280 --> 00:36:10,760
Speaker 1: letter that he wrote to one of his friends in

670
00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:15,560
Speaker 1: the late seventeen hundreds where he basically described creating bifocals

671
00:36:15,600 --> 00:36:19,680
Speaker 1: but by having a glassmaker cut his two different sets

672
00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:21,839
Speaker 1: of glasses in half. Right.

673
00:36:22,320 --> 00:36:26,040
Speaker 2: Did the letter say, for instance, I'm reading what I'm writing,

674
00:36:26,120 --> 00:36:27,719
Speaker 2: and now I'm looking across the room, And now I'm

675
00:36:27,760 --> 00:36:29,960
Speaker 2: reading what I'm writing, and now I'm looking across the room.

676
00:36:30,120 --> 00:36:30,359
Speaker 3: Right.

677
00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:33,439
Speaker 1: Yeah, it had a lot of that, a couple of paragraphs.

678
00:36:34,239 --> 00:36:36,640
Speaker 2: Yeah, but you know, it seems like he did. He

679
00:36:36,680 --> 00:36:38,640
Speaker 2: said that he could, you know, see his food and

680
00:36:38,719 --> 00:36:40,760
Speaker 2: look at people at the dinner party. At the same time,

681
00:36:42,320 --> 00:36:45,640
Speaker 2: progressive lenses came along. This sort of shocks me. I

682
00:36:45,680 --> 00:36:47,600
Speaker 2: thought they were newer too, but they came along in

683
00:36:47,680 --> 00:36:51,439
Speaker 2: nineteen fifty nine. And isn't the idea there that it's

684
00:36:51,480 --> 00:36:53,759
Speaker 2: sort of like a bifocal that's just sort of blended

685
00:36:53,840 --> 00:36:55,160
Speaker 2: in and less harsh.

686
00:36:55,760 --> 00:37:00,720
Speaker 1: It's actually a trifocal. There's distant, mid, and near all

687
00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:03,640
Speaker 1: mixed together, and it just depends, I guess, on where

688
00:37:03,680 --> 00:37:08,160
Speaker 1: your eye focuses. I think it's magic. Basically. They're also

689
00:37:08,200 --> 00:37:09,680
Speaker 1: called multifocal lenses.

690
00:37:10,320 --> 00:37:12,880
Speaker 2: Yeah. I think they offered me those just so I

691
00:37:12,880 --> 00:37:15,520
Speaker 2: could wear glasses all the time. Yeah, And I was like,

692
00:37:15,560 --> 00:37:17,319
Speaker 2: I don't want to wear glasses all the time. If

693
00:37:17,400 --> 00:37:19,520
Speaker 2: I don't have to, I don't putting them on to read.

694
00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:24,200
Speaker 1: There's a theory that you should use glasses as little

695
00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:28,080
Speaker 1: as possible and use the lowest power, say, contacts as

696
00:37:28,120 --> 00:37:32,120
Speaker 1: possible because your eyes can get dependent on the stronger

697
00:37:32,200 --> 00:37:35,040
Speaker 1: prescription or wearing them all the time. I don't know

698
00:37:35,080 --> 00:37:37,520
Speaker 1: if that's a folk tale or something, but it definitely

699
00:37:37,600 --> 00:37:38,960
Speaker 1: intuitively makes sense.

700
00:37:39,560 --> 00:37:40,959
Speaker 2: Yeah, I think it totally makes sense.

701
00:37:41,320 --> 00:37:44,000
Speaker 1: Okay, well, then you made the right choice.

702
00:37:44,360 --> 00:37:45,560
Speaker 2: Can we talk about monocles?

703
00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:48,120
Speaker 1: Yes, let's please. I think this is the high point

704
00:37:48,160 --> 00:37:48,960
Speaker 1: of this episode.

705
00:37:49,480 --> 00:37:51,880
Speaker 2: Yeah, monocles are kind of fun. If you don't know

706
00:37:51,880 --> 00:37:53,840
Speaker 2: what a monocle is, I guess I'm assuming is the

707
00:37:54,320 --> 00:37:57,719
Speaker 2: single round lens that would you would just sort of

708
00:37:58,560 --> 00:38:00,839
Speaker 2: made to fit your eye as you were wealthy if

709
00:38:00,840 --> 00:38:02,839
Speaker 2: you had one, and you would just sort of stick

710
00:38:02,880 --> 00:38:05,120
Speaker 2: it in there and sort of squint around it a

711
00:38:05,120 --> 00:38:08,360
Speaker 2: bit to hold it in. But from the very beginning,

712
00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:11,640
Speaker 2: it seems like the monocle was it kind of just

713
00:38:11,640 --> 00:38:14,719
Speaker 2: said one thing, which is, look at me, I'm a pompous,

714
00:38:14,840 --> 00:38:17,360
Speaker 2: rich person who wants you to know that I'm pompous

715
00:38:17,360 --> 00:38:17,719
Speaker 2: and rich.

716
00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:21,160
Speaker 1: Yeah, which is that's the reason why Eustace Tilly, the

717
00:38:21,320 --> 00:38:24,880
Speaker 1: mascot for the New Yorker has a monocle, right, yeah,

718
00:38:25,040 --> 00:38:29,520
Speaker 1: or the Monopoly Man, Yeah, has a monocle. It can

719
00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:34,040
Speaker 1: also be exotic, like the count from Sesame Street. Where's

720
00:38:34,320 --> 00:38:36,799
Speaker 1: a monocle? Yeah? I looked this up. By the way,

721
00:38:36,840 --> 00:38:39,719
Speaker 1: this isn't off the top of my head. The Penguin,

722
00:38:39,920 --> 00:38:44,080
Speaker 1: the Burgess Meredith Penguin from the k sixties, Batman monocle,

723
00:38:44,600 --> 00:38:48,640
Speaker 1: Colonel Clink. Yeah, Actually, what the point was of his monocle?

724
00:38:49,760 --> 00:38:49,960
Speaker 3: Oh?

725
00:38:49,960 --> 00:38:51,200
Speaker 2: Maybe it's sort of evil villain.

726
00:38:51,440 --> 00:38:53,880
Speaker 1: Yeah. It made him eat more evil, didn't it. I

727
00:38:53,880 --> 00:38:56,480
Speaker 1: think so, But I'm not quite sure how. But there's

728
00:38:56,520 --> 00:38:59,480
Speaker 1: a long history of people wearing monocles. But one thing

729
00:38:59,520 --> 00:39:02,160
Speaker 1: that I had noticed before that I never really kind

730
00:39:02,200 --> 00:39:04,600
Speaker 1: of sat down and put together is that they were

731
00:39:04,640 --> 00:39:07,680
Speaker 1: also used in the early twentieth century by women who

732
00:39:07,719 --> 00:39:10,600
Speaker 1: were eschewing traditional gender roles.

733
00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:12,080
Speaker 2: I didn't know that.

734
00:39:12,719 --> 00:39:15,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, think so. Have you ever seen Madonna wearing like

735
00:39:15,880 --> 00:39:19,840
Speaker 1: a tuxedo and a monocle. She's basically making a nod

736
00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:24,799
Speaker 1: to like Weimar Republic German women, probably lesbians of the era,

737
00:39:25,280 --> 00:39:28,440
Speaker 1: who were basically dressing like men in One of the

738
00:39:29,120 --> 00:39:32,440
Speaker 1: big fashion accessories for that was the monocle.

739
00:39:33,040 --> 00:39:34,319
Speaker 2: Oh, okay, that makes sense.

740
00:39:34,480 --> 00:39:35,600
Speaker 1: Yeah, I think it's pretty cool.

741
00:39:36,320 --> 00:39:42,120
Speaker 2: Dietrich Intomaggio exactly what a great song. God so good?

742
00:39:42,760 --> 00:39:45,479
Speaker 2: All right. Should we talk a little bit about sunglasses, yes,

743
00:39:45,760 --> 00:39:49,160
Speaker 2: take it away. Yeah, this is I mean, sunglasses have

744
00:39:49,200 --> 00:39:51,200
Speaker 2: been around a long time as far as something to

745
00:39:51,239 --> 00:39:54,120
Speaker 2: wear on your face to shield your eyes from the sun,

746
00:39:54,480 --> 00:39:58,160
Speaker 2: not necessarily like darker lenses, but or dark lenses. But

747
00:39:58,480 --> 00:40:01,600
Speaker 2: Inuit people, you know, one thousand years ago, were wearing

748
00:40:01,719 --> 00:40:04,960
Speaker 2: sun goggles, which essentially, you know, because of the bright

749
00:40:05,000 --> 00:40:08,080
Speaker 2: sun and the snow was either like wood or ivory

750
00:40:08,200 --> 00:40:12,160
Speaker 2: or something that fit around your eyes and had a

751
00:40:12,200 --> 00:40:15,440
Speaker 2: little little slits cut almost almost like sort of the

752
00:40:15,440 --> 00:40:20,000
Speaker 2: old tanning bed goggles that you would wear exactly if

753
00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:21,280
Speaker 2: you were into that in the eighties.

754
00:40:21,880 --> 00:40:25,120
Speaker 1: And again like those big frames that kind of blocked

755
00:40:25,160 --> 00:40:27,640
Speaker 1: some light. They did that, but the slits also narrowed

756
00:40:27,680 --> 00:40:30,520
Speaker 1: your vision too, so it actually focused further away too.

757
00:40:30,680 --> 00:40:33,560
Speaker 2: It's pretty But what about lenses. They started darkening those

758
00:40:33,640 --> 00:40:34,759
Speaker 2: a while ago, too, didn't they.

759
00:40:35,239 --> 00:40:39,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, I think as far back as Samuel Peeps in

760
00:40:39,520 --> 00:40:44,000
Speaker 1: the seventeenth century, the famous diarist whose name I finally

761
00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:49,080
Speaker 1: pronounced correctly. He tended I think his class is green

762
00:40:49,840 --> 00:40:52,520
Speaker 1: to protect his eyes from candle light when he was

763
00:40:52,600 --> 00:40:55,000
Speaker 1: riding late at night. So they've been around a really

764
00:40:55,000 --> 00:40:57,839
Speaker 1: long time, and even before that, Like, I think there's

765
00:40:57,880 --> 00:41:04,240
Speaker 1: a legend that Emperor Nero used ground emeralds as basically

766
00:41:04,280 --> 00:41:06,520
Speaker 1: sunglasses when he hung out at the coliseum.

767
00:41:07,600 --> 00:41:10,080
Speaker 2: You know, this is not a look that looks good

768
00:41:10,120 --> 00:41:12,680
Speaker 2: on me at all. But when I was just in

769
00:41:12,880 --> 00:41:16,560
Speaker 2: La I went to dinner with friends of the show,

770
00:41:17,080 --> 00:41:20,759
Speaker 2: David Reese, oh cool, and Paula Tompkins and his great

771
00:41:20,800 --> 00:41:23,239
Speaker 2: wife Janey. They all say hello, by the way, nice hello,

772
00:41:23,840 --> 00:41:29,759
Speaker 2: paul You know, mister fashion wore vision glasses that were

773
00:41:29,840 --> 00:41:33,040
Speaker 2: tinted blue, and they looked really really sharp on him.

774
00:41:33,200 --> 00:41:35,160
Speaker 2: I could never pull it off, but they looked really good.

775
00:41:35,760 --> 00:41:39,040
Speaker 1: Paula Tompkins can pull off basically anything. He knows exactly

776
00:41:39,120 --> 00:41:41,320
Speaker 1: what he can wear, and if there's a wide range

777
00:41:41,360 --> 00:41:42,560
Speaker 1: and he does it really well.

778
00:41:42,920 --> 00:41:44,279
Speaker 2: Guess what color shirt was.

779
00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:49,160
Speaker 1: I'm gonna guess a different shade of blue.

780
00:41:49,680 --> 00:41:51,120
Speaker 2: Yeah, it went perfectly.

781
00:41:51,719 --> 00:41:54,680
Speaker 1: Did he wear a thick plaid like not The coat

782
00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:57,560
Speaker 1: was thick, but the plaid was thick. The pattern of

783
00:41:57,560 --> 00:42:01,000
Speaker 1: the plaid was a very thick, prominent plaid blue out jacket.

784
00:42:01,120 --> 00:42:04,880
Speaker 2: It was actually a white suit with white Chuka boots

785
00:42:04,920 --> 00:42:08,360
Speaker 2: and a solid blue shirt with the blue glasses. Very

786
00:42:08,520 --> 00:42:09,000
Speaker 2: very sharp.

787
00:42:09,400 --> 00:42:11,759
Speaker 1: I very rarely say the word wow, but that run

788
00:42:12,000 --> 00:42:12,560
Speaker 1: was well learned.

789
00:42:13,640 --> 00:42:16,560
Speaker 2: But you found I think, as we're just blue blue,

790
00:42:16,560 --> 00:42:21,600
Speaker 2: but you found some good information on to me magic

791
00:42:22,080 --> 00:42:25,200
Speaker 2: that happens when you were inside with clear glasses and

792
00:42:25,239 --> 00:42:27,640
Speaker 2: you walk outside and they turn into sunglasses.

793
00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:32,240
Speaker 1: Yeah, transition lenses, which it turns out transitions is a

794
00:42:32,280 --> 00:42:36,880
Speaker 1: proprietary eponym basically like Kleenex. Because it's so successful, everybody

795
00:42:36,920 --> 00:42:42,080
Speaker 1: calls any what are called photochromic lenses transition lenses. So

796
00:42:42,280 --> 00:42:45,279
Speaker 1: transition lenses are photochromic, but not all photochromic lenses are

797
00:42:45,320 --> 00:42:48,160
Speaker 1: transition essentially, is what I'm saying. Yeah, the thing that

798
00:42:48,239 --> 00:42:50,440
Speaker 1: strikes me, Chuck, is like they've been around since the

799
00:42:50,520 --> 00:42:54,840
Speaker 1: nineteen sixties, because I definitely identify them with late eighties,

800
00:42:54,880 --> 00:42:55,840
Speaker 1: early nineties.

801
00:42:56,480 --> 00:42:59,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, but I mean you found the stuff on how

802
00:42:59,719 --> 00:43:02,879
Speaker 2: it were, and I still don't understand how that's not

803
00:43:02,960 --> 00:43:03,720
Speaker 2: just black magic.

804
00:43:04,000 --> 00:43:07,640
Speaker 1: Well, there's basically there's certain kinds of dyes called photochromic dyes,

805
00:43:08,160 --> 00:43:10,880
Speaker 1: and the more they're exposed to UV light, the darker

806
00:43:10,920 --> 00:43:13,400
Speaker 1: they get because the more light they absorb. And so

807
00:43:13,480 --> 00:43:17,600
Speaker 1: they've actually figured out how to include these in the lenses.

808
00:43:18,239 --> 00:43:21,759
Speaker 1: So when there's not UV light, say you're inside the

809
00:43:23,239 --> 00:43:27,799
Speaker 1: photochromic dyes are arranged as certain kinds of molecules, and

810
00:43:27,840 --> 00:43:30,799
Speaker 1: that's they're transparent. But when they're exposed to UV they

811
00:43:30,840 --> 00:43:34,600
Speaker 1: break apart and form different molecules which absorb light much more,

812
00:43:35,040 --> 00:43:37,839
Speaker 1: which darkens them. And since there's a bunch of them

813
00:43:37,880 --> 00:43:40,960
Speaker 1: in the lenses, the lenses turn dark and you effectively

814
00:43:41,000 --> 00:43:43,440
Speaker 1: have sunglasses. And then when you go back out of

815
00:43:43,440 --> 00:43:46,600
Speaker 1: the UV light exposure, they go back to their normal

816
00:43:47,080 --> 00:43:48,399
Speaker 1: molecular configuration.

817
00:43:49,320 --> 00:43:51,120
Speaker 2: Just incredible, I thought so too.

818
00:43:51,360 --> 00:43:53,840
Speaker 1: Hats off to Warby Parker by the way, for explaining

819
00:43:53,880 --> 00:43:55,040
Speaker 1: that understandably.

820
00:43:55,120 --> 00:43:57,360
Speaker 2: I think, thank you, mister Warby.

821
00:43:58,360 --> 00:44:00,799
Speaker 1: What about scratch resistant lenses? Ca these to me are

822
00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:03,600
Speaker 1: this is the story of the show.

823
00:44:04,120 --> 00:44:05,759
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean there's a lot of great facts of

824
00:44:05,800 --> 00:44:09,720
Speaker 2: the show in here. The proprietary eponym of progressive certainly

825
00:44:09,760 --> 00:44:14,040
Speaker 2: one of them. But you know, ground Lindsay you said,

826
00:44:14,080 --> 00:44:16,040
Speaker 2: you know, in nineteen seventy two, this one the FDA

827
00:44:16,160 --> 00:44:19,600
Speaker 2: said you can't have glass breaking right in front of

828
00:44:19,640 --> 00:44:24,040
Speaker 2: your eyeball. So the plastics came around and they were

829
00:44:24,080 --> 00:44:26,880
Speaker 2: great for not shattering, but they were very scratchy or

830
00:44:26,920 --> 00:44:32,120
Speaker 2: scratch a bole, I guess, And NASA actually developed technology

831
00:44:32,560 --> 00:44:37,279
Speaker 2: to try and make you know, astronaut helmet face advisors

832
00:44:37,840 --> 00:44:40,760
Speaker 2: not scratchy. And so this is one of those NASA

833
00:44:40,800 --> 00:44:44,000
Speaker 2: inventions that made it to the regular world. When Foster

834
00:44:44,080 --> 00:44:46,279
Speaker 2: Grant in nineteen eighty three, who I don't think we

835
00:44:46,360 --> 00:44:50,640
Speaker 2: mentioned they were sort of the first big sunglasses company.

836
00:44:50,680 --> 00:44:53,240
Speaker 2: They weren't the biggest in the eighties, just because they had,

837
00:44:53,440 --> 00:44:55,640
Speaker 2: you know, the coolest commercials. They had been around since

838
00:44:56,080 --> 00:45:00,480
Speaker 2: the nineteen twenties selling sunglasses. So they said, hey, NASA,

839
00:45:00,520 --> 00:45:03,840
Speaker 2: we want to license that technology to make our lenses

840
00:45:03,880 --> 00:45:07,400
Speaker 2: scratch resistant. And you know, all of a sudden, that's

841
00:45:07,440 --> 00:45:10,359
Speaker 2: just sort of the I mean, I think you can't

842
00:45:10,360 --> 00:45:12,319
Speaker 2: even get them that aren't scratch resistant these days.

843
00:45:12,360 --> 00:45:14,640
Speaker 1: Right, No, there's no point you would go through glasses

844
00:45:14,640 --> 00:45:17,200
Speaker 1: every couple months. Basically, why would you do that save

845
00:45:17,239 --> 00:45:21,120
Speaker 1: a couple of bucks? Yeah, basically yeah, and you'd end

846
00:45:21,200 --> 00:45:24,200
Speaker 1: up buying way more glasses and spending way more money probably,

847
00:45:24,400 --> 00:45:27,200
Speaker 1: But those scratch resistant lenses just out of the gate.

848
00:45:27,280 --> 00:45:30,560
Speaker 1: They made glasses last ten times longer, which even went

849
00:45:30,560 --> 00:45:35,000
Speaker 1: beyond glass, like how good glass lenses could last too.

850
00:45:35,120 --> 00:45:37,479
Speaker 1: So yeah, that was a huge advancement as well.

851
00:45:38,760 --> 00:45:40,920
Speaker 2: All right, well if you want to look at today,

852
00:45:40,960 --> 00:45:43,520
Speaker 2: I mean, we're not going to talk about context too much.

853
00:45:43,760 --> 00:45:45,880
Speaker 2: That may be its own episode at some point.

854
00:45:46,040 --> 00:45:46,399
Speaker 3: Oh yeah.

855
00:45:46,680 --> 00:45:50,120
Speaker 2: But they did debut in eighteen eighty seven, which to

856
00:45:50,200 --> 00:45:54,560
Speaker 2: me is a startling thing that people were inserting a

857
00:45:54,640 --> 00:45:57,759
Speaker 2: glass lens from eighteen eighty seven onto their eyeball because

858
00:45:57,760 --> 00:45:58,520
Speaker 2: that's what it had to be.

859
00:45:58,800 --> 00:46:01,760
Speaker 1: Even in nineteen sixty when they were like the soft

860
00:46:01,800 --> 00:46:06,240
Speaker 1: contacts were invented, Uh huh, they were still pretty hard

861
00:46:06,280 --> 00:46:08,399
Speaker 1: and you would not want to have worn them.

862
00:46:08,960 --> 00:46:10,479
Speaker 2: Do you do the disposable ones?

863
00:46:10,840 --> 00:46:12,120
Speaker 1: Yeah? Multifocal?

864
00:46:13,120 --> 00:46:13,879
Speaker 2: So what does that mean?

865
00:46:14,680 --> 00:46:17,319
Speaker 1: It means that I can see far away in the

866
00:46:17,360 --> 00:46:21,560
Speaker 1: middle ground and nearby basically how based on how my

867
00:46:22,200 --> 00:46:23,400
Speaker 1: iris focuses.

868
00:46:24,120 --> 00:46:26,640
Speaker 2: And then you use those for a day and then

869
00:46:26,680 --> 00:46:28,120
Speaker 2: they go away and then you use another.

870
00:46:28,640 --> 00:46:30,400
Speaker 1: Yeah, you're supposed to use them for a day, but

871
00:46:30,480 --> 00:46:33,520
Speaker 1: I use them for three to five days until they

872
00:46:33,520 --> 00:46:34,480
Speaker 1: get uncomfortable.

873
00:46:34,640 --> 00:46:35,800
Speaker 3: It's just set the waste.

874
00:46:36,480 --> 00:46:37,719
Speaker 2: Can you can you sleep in those?

875
00:46:38,120 --> 00:46:40,440
Speaker 1: No, you're not supposed to. I used to all the

876
00:46:40,520 --> 00:46:43,200
Speaker 1: time because I hated taking them out and putting them in,

877
00:46:43,920 --> 00:46:46,080
Speaker 1: And then I grew up and I'm like, yeah, I

878
00:46:46,080 --> 00:46:48,680
Speaker 1: should not do that because it's really bad for your eyes.

879
00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:52,440
Speaker 2: Yeah. It just seems like a lost sort of time

880
00:46:52,560 --> 00:46:56,680
Speaker 2: when hey, don't anyone move, I'd lost a contact, right,

881
00:46:57,320 --> 00:46:59,879
Speaker 2: or the little the little cases and washing them out

882
00:47:00,239 --> 00:47:01,080
Speaker 2: night and that kind of thing.

883
00:47:01,280 --> 00:47:04,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, because there weren't disposables. It was all of

884
00:47:04,480 --> 00:47:06,960
Speaker 1: those contexts. It was basically like your retainer, You do

885
00:47:07,080 --> 00:47:09,759
Speaker 1: not lose your retainer, right, you know, same thing with

886
00:47:09,840 --> 00:47:10,719
Speaker 1: your contacts.

887
00:47:11,800 --> 00:47:14,239
Speaker 2: Oh goodness, we lift through a great era, I think.

888
00:47:16,000 --> 00:47:18,160
Speaker 2: All right, So today, if you look at some stats,

889
00:47:19,040 --> 00:47:23,719
Speaker 2: the one hundred and sixty six US adults where prescription eyeglasses.

890
00:47:24,280 --> 00:47:28,160
Speaker 2: That's about sixty four percent of people, Like you mentioned earlier,

891
00:47:28,280 --> 00:47:31,160
Speaker 2: thirty four and a half million people where the over

892
00:47:31,160 --> 00:47:35,439
Speaker 2: the counter readers. About forty five million wear contacts, and

893
00:47:35,680 --> 00:47:38,480
Speaker 2: that is that's a lot of people with That feels

894
00:47:38,480 --> 00:47:42,080
Speaker 2: like most adults have some sort of eye correction going on.

895
00:47:42,520 --> 00:47:44,520
Speaker 1: Because all of us went through school and had to

896
00:47:44,520 --> 00:47:45,760
Speaker 1: read books all the time.

897
00:47:46,120 --> 00:47:47,920
Speaker 2: I guess so, it's not many people that are in

898
00:47:47,960 --> 00:47:50,560
Speaker 2: their fifties and up that don't need any sort of

899
00:47:50,560 --> 00:47:51,879
Speaker 2: glasses or lenses at all.

900
00:47:52,120 --> 00:47:56,359
Speaker 1: Right, you can thank your public school for that. I guess,

901
00:47:56,360 --> 00:47:59,400
Speaker 1: so you got anything else about glasses?

902
00:48:00,800 --> 00:48:02,880
Speaker 2: No, that was a fun one. I like these histories,

903
00:48:02,920 --> 00:48:04,680
Speaker 2: like the dentistry when these are fun for me.

904
00:48:04,800 --> 00:48:06,680
Speaker 1: Yeah, I thought of the dentistry one when I was

905
00:48:06,719 --> 00:48:10,160
Speaker 1: researching this too. Well, thanks again Olivia for helping us

906
00:48:10,239 --> 00:48:13,000
Speaker 1: with this one, and thank you for listening. And since

907
00:48:13,080 --> 00:48:15,480
Speaker 1: Chuck said he doesn't have anything else right now, it's

908
00:48:15,520 --> 00:48:16,560
Speaker 1: time for listener mail.

909
00:48:19,280 --> 00:48:22,279
Speaker 2: I'm gonna call this just a little shout out, you know,

910
00:48:22,320 --> 00:48:24,279
Speaker 2: when it comes to talking about stuff on the show,

911
00:48:24,400 --> 00:48:28,960
Speaker 2: like any sort of you know, the latest words that

912
00:48:29,040 --> 00:48:33,319
Speaker 2: people should use in terms of like gender and things

913
00:48:33,320 --> 00:48:34,879
Speaker 2: like that. Like we always try and stay on top

914
00:48:34,920 --> 00:48:38,360
Speaker 2: of things, while we always also try and speak to

915
00:48:38,480 --> 00:48:40,520
Speaker 2: like a wide audience and make sure things are super

916
00:48:40,560 --> 00:48:43,480
Speaker 2: clear to everybody. And it's a delicate balance for us,

917
00:48:43,520 --> 00:48:45,920
Speaker 2: so we try. And this was just a letter of

918
00:48:45,960 --> 00:48:50,040
Speaker 2: thanks from someone from Canada. Hey, guys, just listening to

919
00:48:50,040 --> 00:48:52,000
Speaker 2: the Share episode and I wanted to stop and say

920
00:48:52,000 --> 00:48:54,080
Speaker 2: thank you the way you talked about her son, Chaz,

921
00:48:54,080 --> 00:48:57,520
Speaker 2: who is transgender, was perfect. You gendered him correctly, even

922
00:48:57,520 --> 00:49:01,560
Speaker 2: in referring to him pre trans when you mentioned when

923
00:49:01,560 --> 00:49:03,799
Speaker 2: he was born. I know it might sound silly, but

924
00:49:03,880 --> 00:49:06,920
Speaker 2: it made me glassy eyed to hear. As a trans person.

925
00:49:06,920 --> 00:49:08,160
Speaker 2: It was so hard to be in a world that

926
00:49:08,200 --> 00:49:10,719
Speaker 2: seems determined to hate us or make it harder for

927
00:49:10,800 --> 00:49:13,080
Speaker 2: us to exist as the normal humans that we are.

928
00:49:13,680 --> 00:49:15,560
Speaker 2: So hearing you talk about Chaz and not make his

929
00:49:15,719 --> 00:49:18,680
Speaker 2: transness a bigger deal than it needed to be. And

930
00:49:18,719 --> 00:49:20,760
Speaker 2: here you talk about him in a way we trans

931
00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:23,799
Speaker 2: people advocate that we should be talked about. Really move me.

932
00:49:24,520 --> 00:49:26,040
Speaker 2: Thank you for working so hard to get it right.

933
00:49:26,080 --> 00:49:28,480
Speaker 2: I know it hasn't always gone perfectly, but I know

934
00:49:28,560 --> 00:49:30,080
Speaker 2: you care a lot and want to get it right

935
00:49:30,120 --> 00:49:33,200
Speaker 2: every time. This is part of why after fifteen years,

936
00:49:33,239 --> 00:49:35,759
Speaker 2: I've been listening every week. Thanks for all you do

937
00:49:35,840 --> 00:49:39,319
Speaker 2: and for keeping me learning new things, making me laugh

938
00:49:39,400 --> 00:49:42,960
Speaker 2: while I do. I hope you have an amazing weekend, friends,

939
00:49:43,000 --> 00:49:45,239
Speaker 2: And that is Lucy from Canada.

940
00:49:45,400 --> 00:49:48,360
Speaker 1: Awesome. Thanks Lucy. We appreciate that big time. That was

941
00:49:48,360 --> 00:49:49,960
Speaker 1: a good one, Chuck, thanks for picking that.

942
00:49:50,600 --> 00:49:52,359
Speaker 2: Yeah, we do our best folks.

943
00:49:52,800 --> 00:49:55,440
Speaker 1: If you want to do a hat tip to us

944
00:49:55,480 --> 00:49:57,799
Speaker 1: like Lucy did, we'd love those. We'll take those any

945
00:49:57,880 --> 00:49:59,840
Speaker 1: day of the week, and you can send them to

946
00:50:00,160 --> 00:50:07,400
Speaker 1: us via email at stuff podcast at iHeartRadio dot com.

947
00:50:07,520 --> 00:50:10,400
Speaker 2: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

948
00:50:10,480 --> 00:50:14,680
Speaker 2: more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

949
00:50:14,800 --> 00:50:16,640
Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.