WEBVTT - Will the Large Hadron Collider destroy the Earth? 0:00:00.240 --> 0:00:03.040 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.120 --> 0:00:07.480 It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff you should know 0:00:08.080 --> 0:00:16.400 from house Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to 0:00:16.440 --> 0:00:19.520 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with me as always as 0:00:19.600 --> 0:00:22.840 Charles W. Bryant, as well as our producer Jerry. You 0:00:22.880 --> 0:00:26.360 can just call me Boson Higgs Boson. No one's going 0:00:26.440 --> 0:00:29.400 to call you that. It would be a great name, though, Yeah, 0:00:29.520 --> 0:00:33.040 Higgs Boson. What up pigs. I wonder if that thing 0:00:33.159 --> 0:00:36.040 is discovered, if somebody will name their kid Higgs Boson, 0:00:37.120 --> 0:00:40.240 you know, Michael Wits or whatever. Well, if someone names 0:00:40.240 --> 0:00:42.680 her kid yet Detroit. I think someone could potentially name 0:00:42.760 --> 0:00:46.559 the kid Nigs Boson. There's a there's even a comma 0:00:46.600 --> 0:00:49.000 I think in there and there and yet Detroit. Yeah, 0:00:49.040 --> 0:00:51.879 I don't remember an exclamation point. Yeah, there's some sort 0:00:51.920 --> 0:00:54.600 of punctuation. When you get punctuation into your name. Your 0:00:54.640 --> 0:00:59.800 parents were messed up. Yes, Chuck's talking about a theoretical 0:01:00.080 --> 0:01:02.800 article called the Higgs Boson, and we'll talk about it 0:01:02.840 --> 0:01:05.360 in a minute, but first we're going to talk about 0:01:05.360 --> 0:01:09.520 the place where they're hoping to find proof positive that 0:01:09.520 --> 0:01:12.880 the Higgs Boson particle exists, yes, Josh. And this is 0:01:13.000 --> 0:01:16.479 very science heavy, super science heavy, because it's about science, 0:01:16.640 --> 0:01:19.679 so science heavy that Chuck and I um are a 0:01:19.680 --> 0:01:22.039 little nervous about this one. I'm not afraid you have 0:01:22.160 --> 0:01:26.320 dark matter using out of my ears, which is proof 0:01:26.360 --> 0:01:29.319 that it exists. Exactly. You just you just amended the 0:01:29.360 --> 0:01:32.840 standard model. Chuck. All right, let's talk about this, dude. 0:01:32.880 --> 0:01:35.640 What what what is this? We're talking about the large 0:01:35.680 --> 0:01:38.600 Hadron collider. Right, but you may have heard about, you 0:01:38.640 --> 0:01:40.400 may know a lot about, and if you do, I 0:01:40.200 --> 0:01:42.960 imagine we'll probably get some angry emails from you when 0:01:43.000 --> 0:01:46.560 we mess it up. And right, but on the border 0:01:46.680 --> 0:01:55.080 between Switzerland and France. Yes, a hundred meters underground, beautiful country. Sure, 0:01:55.240 --> 0:01:58.280 that's a good skiing out there. Sure, Um. There is 0:01:58.400 --> 0:02:02.680 a facility with track that's what seventeen miles long, think 0:02:02.760 --> 0:02:05.840 seventeen point seven sixteen points, we'll just call it seventeen 0:02:05.840 --> 0:02:10.360 seventeen Uh and around this track, Uh, they shoot beams 0:02:10.440 --> 0:02:13.639 of light. Pretty simple, It is pretty simple. And we 0:02:13.680 --> 0:02:16.400 stop now, Yes, we can that there there's a large 0:02:16.400 --> 0:02:19.560 had round collider, everybody, that's what it's called. It's called 0:02:19.560 --> 0:02:22.760 the Large had dron collider. Um it's been built. I 0:02:23.120 --> 0:02:26.080 think they started in the twenty first century and finally 0:02:26.080 --> 0:02:28.120 went online for the first time in two thousand and eight. 0:02:28.320 --> 0:02:31.079 So far, it's cost six billion dollars to construct. Yeah, 0:02:31.080 --> 0:02:34.040 I've heard any up to ten even depending on who. Yeah. Well, yeah, 0:02:34.120 --> 0:02:36.880 and there's a lot of countries involved. There's thousands of 0:02:36.880 --> 0:02:39.120 scientists who are going back to their home countries and 0:02:39.160 --> 0:02:41.880 saying we need more money, we need more money. Um 0:02:42.000 --> 0:02:46.400 and uh the the but yeah, France and um Switzerland 0:02:46.440 --> 0:02:48.440 to run in the show there. Ye. CERN is the 0:02:48.480 --> 0:02:50.639 name of the company we should point out right well, 0:02:50.840 --> 0:02:55.640 the organizations the European Organization for Nuclear Research abbreviated en 0:02:55.639 --> 0:02:58.440 Francais CERN. Okay, I was about to say those letters 0:02:58.480 --> 0:03:03.360 don't match up something here, So what is it, chuck? 0:03:03.840 --> 0:03:06.720 They shoot beams of like. It's a particle accelerator and 0:03:06.760 --> 0:03:11.360 it is the largest and most badass particle accelerator in 0:03:11.360 --> 0:03:14.040 the history of particle accelerators. True that that's the easiest 0:03:14.040 --> 0:03:17.400 way to say. We've got particle accelerators that look like um, 0:03:17.639 --> 0:03:22.000 old donkeys pulling carts with square wheels compared to this thing. Seriously, 0:03:22.120 --> 0:03:24.400 this is as big as it gets. It's as ambitious 0:03:24.400 --> 0:03:27.440 as it gets um. And basically, what they're trying to 0:03:27.480 --> 0:03:33.160 do our several fold. They're trying to prove the existence 0:03:33.160 --> 0:03:36.560 of the Higgs Boson particle, the god particle. Well, let's 0:03:36.560 --> 0:03:40.400 talk about this. Why why would anyone want to prove 0:03:40.520 --> 0:03:43.600 the existence of a theoretical particle? Should we go back 0:03:43.600 --> 0:03:45.720 to the standard model? Yeah? Should we back into this, 0:03:45.880 --> 0:03:48.640 let's do it. Basically, it tries to define the fundamental 0:03:48.800 --> 0:03:53.200 particles that make uh, the universe, the forces, the forces, right, 0:03:53.280 --> 0:03:58.040 You've got strong nuclear force, strong like bull, weak nuclear force, 0:03:58.560 --> 0:04:03.080 electromagnetic force. So the standard model, which combines um Einstein's 0:04:03.080 --> 0:04:07.200 theory of relativity with quantum physics I believe um theory 0:04:07.200 --> 0:04:09.720 and all that other stuff you just said. It combines 0:04:09.760 --> 0:04:12.640 those two, uh, and it proves the existence that it 0:04:12.720 --> 0:04:16.840 counts for those three forces. The problem is gravity still 0:04:16.880 --> 0:04:20.640 remains unaccounted for. That's the fourth fundamental force, Like we 0:04:20.680 --> 0:04:23.159 can account for theoretically, but we can't say, yes, this 0:04:23.240 --> 0:04:25.960 is why gravity exists, and this is all the stuff 0:04:26.000 --> 0:04:29.839 gravity does. We're still with with strong nuclear force, weak 0:04:29.920 --> 0:04:33.800 nuclear force, and electromagnetic force. We've advanced leaps and bounds 0:04:33.839 --> 0:04:37.800 beyond classical physics, Newtonian physics. But we're still at the 0:04:37.960 --> 0:04:40.920 apple falling off the tree level. Uh, as far as 0:04:40.960 --> 0:04:43.839 this goes when it comes to gravity. So the Higgs 0:04:43.880 --> 0:04:47.839 Boson particle, if we find it, if we detect it um, 0:04:48.080 --> 0:04:51.400 it will fill out the standard model exactly. And it's 0:04:51.400 --> 0:04:54.599 a theoretical particle at this point that we're looking for, right, 0:04:54.640 --> 0:04:58.320 And they they think that it exists and that basically 0:04:58.480 --> 0:05:03.920 it's responsible for giving mass or matter mass right right, 0:05:03.960 --> 0:05:08.200 which is important, they say, because not all matter has mass, 0:05:08.800 --> 0:05:14.400 things called neutrinos, delicious and nutritious. Neutrinos do not have maths. 0:05:15.200 --> 0:05:20.920 I've practiced that one did. It's actually written down. Uh. 0:05:21.080 --> 0:05:23.680 So not everything has mass. And and the idea is 0:05:23.720 --> 0:05:27.960 that if you explain uh the existence of mass using 0:05:28.000 --> 0:05:30.880 the Higgs mechanism, we'll all be better for it and 0:05:30.960 --> 0:05:33.760 understand our origins. Ultimately, that's what it comes down to, 0:05:33.920 --> 0:05:36.599 is where like theory, theory is not good enough, we 0:05:36.680 --> 0:05:39.800 have to know, you know. So the Higgs Boston particle 0:05:39.880 --> 0:05:42.799 is one of the bigger ones named after Peter Higgs. 0:05:42.839 --> 0:05:46.120 By the way, physicists who theorized it um. How do 0:05:46.160 --> 0:05:50.000 you how do you know a theoretical particle when you 0:05:50.040 --> 0:05:54.080 see it. That's a good question. Do you know? This 0:05:54.160 --> 0:05:57.520 is what I understand, Um that you can't just say, oh, 0:05:57.520 --> 0:05:59.960 there must be this particle out there and name it 0:06:00.040 --> 0:06:02.520 after me. By the way, I think Peter Higgs went 0:06:02.520 --> 0:06:06.119 a little further and said, this particle must exist, and 0:06:06.279 --> 0:06:09.599 if it does exist, this is basically this is its 0:06:09.680 --> 0:06:14.760 um energy, it's mass, So find this name it after me, 0:06:15.000 --> 0:06:18.039 right exactly? And uh so if they what's going to 0:06:18.080 --> 0:06:21.120 happen when they when they turn the large Hadron collider 0:06:21.120 --> 0:06:24.760 on what this Christmas? Right? I think it begins the 0:06:24.760 --> 0:06:28.960 process which will take several months after that to collide. Yeah, 0:06:29.000 --> 0:06:34.200 they'll they'll have their sensors looking for particle that's created 0:06:34.800 --> 0:06:39.040 that has that I guess mass, that energy, that that whatever, 0:06:39.200 --> 0:06:44.920 um however, it's described mathematically. My stuff. It's coming out 0:06:44.920 --> 0:06:47.719 of my ears right now. So darker matter is another 0:06:47.760 --> 0:06:51.880 one that they're hoping to find, right. Uh, yeah, you've 0:06:51.880 --> 0:06:55.640 got to coming out your ears tell us about it, Chuck. Well, Uh, 0:06:55.839 --> 0:06:59.360 here's the deal. Dark matter is. Right now, humans can 0:06:59.400 --> 0:07:03.400 observe about four of all the matter that must exist 0:07:03.400 --> 0:07:05.640 in the universe. That's all we can account for. That's 0:07:05.680 --> 0:07:09.680 not very much. Uh, there's a theory that um dark 0:07:09.760 --> 0:07:13.640 matter is this undetectable matter and that coupled with the 0:07:13.680 --> 0:07:17.760 matter that we can detect, makes up only about which 0:07:17.840 --> 0:07:20.160 is still not much. And the other three quarters is 0:07:20.200 --> 0:07:24.320 what they think might be a force called dark energy, right, 0:07:24.400 --> 0:07:28.040 which UM. Scientists have become alarmed over the last few 0:07:28.040 --> 0:07:31.200 decades when they've detected that the universe is actually expanding 0:07:32.120 --> 0:07:33.960 and they don't know why well, and they think that 0:07:34.040 --> 0:07:36.400 dark energy may be the reason. Right, So they're looking 0:07:36.440 --> 0:07:39.240 for that too. UM. A lot of once you again, 0:07:39.280 --> 0:07:41.680 once you theorize something, you kind of have to back 0:07:41.720 --> 0:07:43.680 it up with, and this is what it's going to 0:07:43.720 --> 0:07:47.360 look like, right, and so that you you sense for it, right. Sure. 0:07:47.720 --> 0:07:51.400 They're also looking for anti matter, which is matters hated 0:07:51.440 --> 0:07:54.640 foe and they like to cancel each other out. Yeah, 0:07:54.640 --> 0:07:56.600 that's how it supposedly worked, is that there was more 0:07:56.680 --> 0:08:00.920 anti matter matters, right, more matter than antimatter when the 0:08:00.960 --> 0:08:04.080 Big Bang happened, which is how we're here. But they 0:08:04.080 --> 0:08:09.160 don't know why, and they're hoping and that is um, 0:08:09.200 --> 0:08:11.640 that is the hook, Chuck, what they're going to do. 0:08:11.680 --> 0:08:14.840 They want to find all this stuff and more, um 0:08:14.960 --> 0:08:20.080 by recreating the Big Bang, that the the what the 0:08:20.200 --> 0:08:23.280 universe looked like a trillionth of a second after the 0:08:23.280 --> 0:08:27.680 Big Bang? Right right, because we think what happened was 0:08:28.080 --> 0:08:31.640 the universe expands and cools and all these particles floating 0:08:31.680 --> 0:08:35.839 around join up together and form larger particles and then 0:08:36.040 --> 0:08:38.480 all of a sudden, what do you what do? What's 0:08:38.480 --> 0:08:43.080 what's the word evolution? Sure it starts rolling if you 0:08:43.120 --> 0:08:45.920 believe in that kind of thing, right, Um. They're also 0:08:45.920 --> 0:08:49.720 looking for some other stuff, um, slightly stranger stuff than 0:08:49.760 --> 0:08:53.319 you know, dark matter and anti matter. They're looking for 0:08:53.440 --> 0:08:57.480 evidence well, adherence of string theory. Are looking for evidence 0:08:57.480 --> 0:09:01.040 of string theory, which would we mean another dimension several 0:09:01.320 --> 0:09:05.600 up to eleven. I believe who I think theorized eleven. 0:09:05.920 --> 0:09:08.760 I don't buy string theory. Yeah, and you've always I have. 0:09:08.880 --> 0:09:11.200 I have a real problem, and it's most likely I 0:09:11.240 --> 0:09:14.559 just don't understand it. But from what I understand, very 0:09:14.640 --> 0:09:17.040 very smart people don't understand it either. Well, there's no 0:09:17.160 --> 0:09:19.880 compression that Kiku is like this is what he didn't 0:09:19.920 --> 0:09:23.840 come up with the measurements to back it up, you know, 0:09:24.080 --> 0:09:25.920 But you're on the same page as a lot of scientists, 0:09:25.920 --> 0:09:27.920 though they also say that it's it's a philosophy. It's 0:09:27.920 --> 0:09:31.840 not a science, right under his theory or under his philosophy, 0:09:31.960 --> 0:09:34.160 however you want to say it. Um, there's up to 0:09:34.200 --> 0:09:38.760 eleven different dimensions. We're currently aware of four um height, 0:09:39.080 --> 0:09:42.560 with depth and time. Yes, those are four dimensions that 0:09:42.600 --> 0:09:46.520 we exist in UM. Under k KU there's eleven total, 0:09:46.600 --> 0:09:49.640 so there's another eight that are unaccounted for UM, and 0:09:49.679 --> 0:09:51.720 that all matter in the universe is made up of 0:09:51.720 --> 0:09:55.080 tiny vibrating strength. Some are closed like little rubber bands, 0:09:55.120 --> 0:09:58.000 some are open like little um oh, I don't know, 0:09:58.600 --> 0:10:02.640 tape worms, like a cut rubber band, right, sure, And 0:10:02.640 --> 0:10:07.160 these strings can vibrate and like a guitar string, and uh, 0:10:07.360 --> 0:10:09.880 one vibration might make it look like an electron. One 0:10:09.960 --> 0:10:13.760 might make it look like a neutrino, delicious and netritious neutrino. 0:10:14.559 --> 0:10:17.320 And that's string theory and it's most simplest form. But 0:10:17.360 --> 0:10:23.160 even still, the strings are highly hypothetical UM, and even 0:10:23.200 --> 0:10:26.440 if they were created, we apparently wouldn't be able to 0:10:26.480 --> 0:10:29.800 sense them. What they're looking for the string theorists is 0:10:29.840 --> 0:10:34.200 evidence of supersymmetry, right, and supersymmetry is you have a 0:10:34.360 --> 0:10:37.840 particle and it has a UM an opposite particle like 0:10:37.880 --> 0:10:43.720 a neutron, and a positron positive and negatively charged an antiparticle. 0:10:43.760 --> 0:10:48.360 Sure right, Um, even further those are superpartners, even further 0:10:48.400 --> 0:10:51.760 into supersymmetry. And this will somehow, I guess, prove string theory. 0:10:52.720 --> 0:10:56.320 I don't understand how it will. But um, and oh 0:10:56.400 --> 0:10:58.840 my god, can you imagine the length of the emails 0:10:58.840 --> 0:11:00.920 we're going to get from people who explain how this 0:11:01.000 --> 0:11:04.880 proves string theory. I'm already uh, suffering from brain melt. 0:11:04.920 --> 0:11:08.480 I can't imagine anymore. So you've got the neutron and 0:11:08.520 --> 0:11:11.760 the positron, yes, and those are superpartners. But each of 0:11:11.800 --> 0:11:16.680 those have a UM positive partner to rather than an opposite, 0:11:16.720 --> 0:11:18.640 they have one that's like them as well. Each one 0:11:18.720 --> 0:11:22.040 has their own partners, So each particle will have three 0:11:22.559 --> 0:11:27.120 partner particles, three counterparticles, counterparticles, perfect chutes. So that would 0:11:27.120 --> 0:11:30.760 be supersymmetry. And apparently if they find evidence of supersymmetry, 0:11:30.960 --> 0:11:34.640 then but a boom, but a being string theory is right, right, 0:11:34.679 --> 0:11:38.560 and it also helps to explain dark matter, Yes it does, 0:11:39.040 --> 0:11:43.680 so wow, is anyone still out there? Yes? Sticks like this, everybody. 0:11:43.720 --> 0:11:45.719 We're muddling through this part, but it's about to get 0:11:45.760 --> 0:11:48.000 a little more interesting. There's like ten nerds that are like, 0:11:48.080 --> 0:11:50.720 this is the best thing ever know. They're like carving 0:11:50.720 --> 0:11:55.000 their knives. Yeah, ready to slice us up? Yes, um, 0:11:55.040 --> 0:11:57.600 so that's what they're looking for. And also I think 0:11:57.760 --> 0:12:00.240 this is what I find most fascinating about at it. 0:12:00.640 --> 0:12:02.880 Most of the scientists out there, I think there are 0:12:03.000 --> 0:12:05.520 very few who are looking for evidence at back up 0:12:05.520 --> 0:12:08.800 their theories. Most of them are actually hoping to learn 0:12:08.920 --> 0:12:11.880 like everything they know is wrong and there's all this 0:12:12.040 --> 0:12:14.160 new stuff so that they can go out there and 0:12:14.200 --> 0:12:16.520 figure out what how this fits here and all that. 0:12:16.640 --> 0:12:19.600 I find that very interesting. It's a very ambitious project. 0:12:19.679 --> 0:12:23.000 And as Strickland points out in this article, very comprehensive article. 0:12:23.040 --> 0:12:28.959 By the way, um there is no practical application for this. Yeah, 0:12:29.040 --> 0:12:31.280 it's all just to see what happens. Yeah, which is 0:12:31.440 --> 0:12:34.680 pretty cool to sink six to ten billion into you know. Well, 0:12:34.679 --> 0:12:36.360 and if you've ever seen the thing, I mean, the 0:12:36.400 --> 0:12:39.400 pictures of this, the hay drunk glider is just unbelievable. 0:12:39.440 --> 0:12:42.319 It's ginormous. It's ginormous. So what are they going to 0:12:42.400 --> 0:12:46.440 be doing, Chuck, how does this thing work? Uh? Well, Josh, 0:12:46.840 --> 0:12:52.439 there are eight sectors at the hay Drunk collider, and um, 0:12:52.480 --> 0:12:56.160 they basically use magnets to steer these beams of light, 0:12:56.360 --> 0:13:00.360 these protons in a circle, because otherwise it's just straight right. 0:13:00.440 --> 0:13:02.280 Do you love that part? Well? Yeah, because that's the 0:13:02.360 --> 0:13:06.480 only part that makes sense, right, Um, the the magnets 0:13:06.520 --> 0:13:08.720 are actually super cool, the right chuck. Yeah, Well, there's 0:13:08.760 --> 0:13:12.160 ninety magnets. If you want a little uh status statuts, 0:13:12.400 --> 0:13:17.720 this one stat heavy. So ninety magnets. Many of them 0:13:17.800 --> 0:13:22.480 weigh several times which is pretty uh, pretty big, pretty big. 0:13:24.360 --> 0:13:26.960 And they are cool Josh to one point nine degrees kelvin, 0:13:27.000 --> 0:13:31.880 which is negative to seventy one celsius or negative fahrenheit, 0:13:32.000 --> 0:13:35.079 which is just above absolute zero. Yeah. And the reason 0:13:35.080 --> 0:13:37.880 why they would want to cool and electro magnet um 0:13:37.920 --> 0:13:40.800 to just above absolute zero is there's very little electrical 0:13:41.200 --> 0:13:43.800 resistance when you turn that thing on, so it can 0:13:43.840 --> 0:13:48.959 operate smoothly, exactly ideally, right, because it's it's um. It's 0:13:49.000 --> 0:13:52.480 purpose isn't to, like, you know, to a jokey attract 0:13:52.559 --> 0:13:55.160 all of the pots and pans at a certain facility 0:13:55.240 --> 0:13:57.160 to it. I mean it has a purpose. It's steering 0:13:57.240 --> 0:13:59.560 beams of light, which is much more difficult. You go 0:13:59.600 --> 0:14:02.800 out there trying to steer a beam a light. I've trying. Yeah, 0:14:02.840 --> 0:14:06.680 it's tough. Okay, So well how do they cool it though? 0:14:07.000 --> 0:14:09.760 That's a pretty cool staff. They cool at using liquid 0:14:09.840 --> 0:14:13.920 hydrogen and helium, right, liquid nitrogen. Yeah, that stuff burns 0:14:13.960 --> 0:14:18.400 ten thousand, eight hundred tons of liquid nitrogen and sixty 0:14:18.480 --> 0:14:21.800 tons of liquid helium to to finish up right, that's 0:14:22.000 --> 0:14:25.320 pretty hardcore. Um. Okay, So you've got these magnets, and 0:14:25.360 --> 0:14:29.600 actually inside the magnets are pipes which are vacuumed. Yeah, 0:14:29.760 --> 0:14:32.520 we gotta have a vacuum. So basically, if you hear 0:14:32.600 --> 0:14:37.400 you've heard vacuum and almost absolute zero. Um. This sounds 0:14:37.400 --> 0:14:42.040 an all awful lot like outer space, like deep space exactly. Yes, Um, 0:14:42.080 --> 0:14:46.080 So they're they're creating a vacuum um to keep any 0:14:46.160 --> 0:14:49.360 particle outright, any particle could screw this whole thing up. 0:14:49.880 --> 0:14:54.760 So imagine that there's inside this almost seventeen mile track, 0:14:55.240 --> 0:14:59.640 there's nothing. They're creating deep space threet below the Earth's 0:14:59.640 --> 0:15:07.000 crust without the space jump. That's okay, So chuck a 0:15:07.000 --> 0:15:10.560 long this and also those UM the eight sectors. Each 0:15:10.600 --> 0:15:12.880 one is an arc, like you said, so it's basically 0:15:12.880 --> 0:15:16.840 one big circle. And along UM along this big circle 0:15:16.920 --> 0:15:20.760 are six stations basically, and each one of these is 0:15:20.800 --> 0:15:24.000 outfitted with you know, tons of centers is a hundred 0:15:24.040 --> 0:15:28.240 and fifty million centers I think UM throughout the whole 0:15:28.400 --> 0:15:33.440 collider um. And so each station is basically working to 0:15:34.320 --> 0:15:38.960 UM measure one thing or another. Right, And we could 0:15:39.000 --> 0:15:41.280 go into detail here, but this is really when people 0:15:41.280 --> 0:15:44.280 would tune out, but just suffice to say there are 0:15:44.320 --> 0:15:47.680 eight main stations where they're looking for or six of them. 0:15:48.240 --> 0:15:52.240 Six main stations, four of which are really ginormous collecting 0:15:52.280 --> 0:15:54.520 lots of info, and then two kind of smaller ones, right, 0:15:54.600 --> 0:15:58.680 and remember these they're they're collecting things like UM, information 0:15:58.680 --> 0:16:04.520 about radiation, sudden changes in mass, gravitational fields, electromagnetic fields, 0:16:04.520 --> 0:16:06.800 that kind of stuff, and then it's going to sort through. 0:16:06.800 --> 0:16:09.960 And actually, another interesting thing about CERN is that it's 0:16:10.000 --> 0:16:14.320 getting something like fifteen petabytes of data gathered every year, 0:16:14.400 --> 0:16:18.880 which is a fifteen million gigabytes, that's and they're constantly 0:16:20.120 --> 0:16:23.360 the sensors are constantly feeding back information. Yeah, would they 0:16:23.400 --> 0:16:26.200 say that was enough information to fill one thousand DVDs, 0:16:26.400 --> 0:16:28.760 which is not as impressive as I would have thought. 0:16:29.280 --> 0:16:32.280 I'm pretty impressed. Okay. Um, and they're actually using a 0:16:32.320 --> 0:16:36.520 grid computing, using off the shelf computers, which is pretty cool. Yeah, 0:16:36.720 --> 0:16:40.640 they just linked them together. Why they do that? Uh, 0:16:40.760 --> 0:16:44.520 it's more efficient from what I understand. Yeah, and it's cheaper, right, Um, 0:16:44.560 --> 0:16:47.320 they're saving Speaking of cheap, you know what's not cheap 0:16:47.880 --> 0:16:52.440 their power bill? Did you see that unbelievable thirty million 0:16:52.480 --> 0:16:56.160 dollars per year just to power this thing after they've 0:16:56.160 --> 0:16:58.720 already sunk between six and ten billion into it. And 0:16:58.760 --> 0:17:01.040 once this once this thing it's revved up. What they're 0:17:01.040 --> 0:17:03.160 going to do first? The first step, chuck, and this 0:17:03.240 --> 0:17:05.760 is like the big experiment. Basically, they're just shooting beams 0:17:05.760 --> 0:17:07.840 of light and then smashing them into each other. Okay, 0:17:07.880 --> 0:17:10.000 So what they're gonna do first is they're going to 0:17:10.040 --> 0:17:15.040 take hydrogen atoms. They're gonna strip them of their electrons, right, yeah, 0:17:15.560 --> 0:17:19.400 which produces protons. They're gonna take the protons and they're 0:17:19.400 --> 0:17:21.720 going to send them through a machine that fires them 0:17:21.760 --> 0:17:25.840 as beams. The PS booster, that's the accelerator, right. I 0:17:25.880 --> 0:17:27.720 think that's what gets there's a bunch of them, but 0:17:27.760 --> 0:17:29.639 that's what gets it going, right, So it's just a 0:17:29.680 --> 0:17:33.080 beam and then it's a right right okay, chuck. So 0:17:33.280 --> 0:17:35.959 when they get these beams ready, right, when the when 0:17:36.000 --> 0:17:37.679 the whole thing is ready to go online for the 0:17:37.760 --> 0:17:42.960 big experiment, uh sometime early next year hopefully. So the 0:17:43.040 --> 0:17:46.159 first step is to take hydrogen atoms and strip them 0:17:46.160 --> 0:17:50.919 of their electrons, which makes protons, right, and there we 0:17:50.960 --> 0:17:55.719 have our protons because this is ultimately as a proton accelerator, right. Um. 0:17:55.800 --> 0:17:58.040 What they do is they feed these into a machine 0:17:58.080 --> 0:18:01.040 called the line Nex two, which fires the beams of 0:18:01.080 --> 0:18:05.400 protons into the accelerator, which is the PS booster. Yes, 0:18:05.560 --> 0:18:10.639 and dude, that uses radio frequency electric field to push 0:18:10.680 --> 0:18:12.920 the protons along and kind of get them started on 0:18:12.960 --> 0:18:16.800 their journey to uh just below light speed. Right. It's like, yeah, 0:18:16.960 --> 0:18:18.920 get along a little proton, right, and well you're gonna 0:18:18.920 --> 0:18:20.560 meet some other guys later that are gonna whip you 0:18:20.600 --> 0:18:23.879 even harder. Right. Yeah. That PS booster makes them go 0:18:24.040 --> 0:18:25.960 from you know, a beam of light to a beam 0:18:25.960 --> 0:18:27.960 of light right right, Okay, it's a good way to 0:18:28.000 --> 0:18:31.560 say thank you very much. Um. And the magnets are 0:18:31.600 --> 0:18:34.679 going to come in. Now they're keeping these proton beams 0:18:34.680 --> 0:18:38.000 on track and the things going along pretty quick, pretty quick, 0:18:38.000 --> 0:18:41.320 and then the PS booster injecton into another accelerator called 0:18:41.520 --> 0:18:45.520 the super Proton Sinco tron. Hey, it sounds like a 0:18:45.600 --> 0:18:49.000 children's toy, it does. It's very expensive one. So the 0:18:49.000 --> 0:18:51.640 beams are now really picking up speed and they're divided 0:18:51.680 --> 0:18:55.520 into bunches. Okay, so you have just imagine one beam 0:18:55.520 --> 0:19:01.040 and it's divided um into I think hundred bunch and 0:19:01.160 --> 0:19:05.480 eight per beam per beam. Uh, and each bunch has 0:19:05.560 --> 0:19:08.840 one point one times ten to the eleventh power protons. 0:19:09.320 --> 0:19:12.480 And this is important to say that they shoot one 0:19:12.680 --> 0:19:17.400 counterclockwise and one clockwise in two different two different tunnels. 0:19:17.720 --> 0:19:20.639 So yeah, they're going different directions, but they're getting faster 0:19:20.720 --> 0:19:22.919 and faster, and they're actually coming very very close to 0:19:22.920 --> 0:19:25.159 the speed of light. At one point, remember this is 0:19:25.200 --> 0:19:29.920 a seventeen mile track. At one point is these beams 0:19:29.920 --> 0:19:34.920 are getting to their their top speed. They make eleven thousand, 0:19:35.080 --> 0:19:39.080 two hundred and forty five trips around the track per second. 0:19:39.720 --> 0:19:42.520 Stat of the year that it may be, dude, it's 0:19:42.560 --> 0:19:44.399 what is this mid November and that's the stat of 0:19:44.440 --> 0:19:47.679 the year. Yeah, more than eleven thousand trips around a 0:19:47.720 --> 0:19:50.679 sixteen mile track per second. If you ever wondered how 0:19:50.720 --> 0:19:53.960 fast the speed of light is, that's nine nine percent there. Yeah, 0:19:54.359 --> 0:19:57.119 but you gotta you gotta admit that, um hundredth of 0:19:57.160 --> 0:20:00.119 a percent is pretty substantial. I wonder how many any 0:20:00.119 --> 0:20:02.119 trips they make at the speed of light. Yeah. The 0:20:02.160 --> 0:20:03.840 fact that we have figured out how to do that's 0:20:03.840 --> 0:20:06.800 not h and I obviously humans have figured out I 0:20:06.840 --> 0:20:10.840 do this is pretty amazing. It works amazing or terrifying, 0:20:10.880 --> 0:20:12.879 which we'll get to in a minute. Yes, and then Josh, 0:20:12.920 --> 0:20:16.880 you know what happens? Then they converge. Yeah, they direct 0:20:16.960 --> 0:20:20.200 these bunches of beams of protons and to each other 0:20:20.359 --> 0:20:24.920 and kaboom, six hundred million collisions per second at that point. 0:20:25.119 --> 0:20:28.320 And I get the impression also that um it wasn't clear, 0:20:28.359 --> 0:20:32.480 but the beams can be directed towards one another at 0:20:32.520 --> 0:20:36.560 each of the six censor stations. Okay, I think so, 0:20:37.200 --> 0:20:39.280 because I think you have to have your centers right there, 0:20:39.440 --> 0:20:41.760 right right. We'll see that makes sense, we'll find out. 0:20:42.000 --> 0:20:44.160 So we're going by the way, I already booked as 0:20:44.160 --> 0:20:49.440 a trip. Um So what happens, Josh, is they theoretically 0:20:49.480 --> 0:20:52.000 they're gonna collide and they're gonna break up into small 0:20:52.040 --> 0:20:58.320 particles like quarks, and there their accompanying energy called gluon. 0:20:59.560 --> 0:21:01.960 You know, one keeps it all together, which is why 0:21:01.960 --> 0:21:04.560 it's called glue on. Is it really? Of course not. 0:21:06.200 --> 0:21:09.200 But quarks are really unstable and they will decay in 0:21:09.320 --> 0:21:11.320 just like a fraction at the second. But we have 0:21:11.359 --> 0:21:14.240 all these sensors to pick up what happens exactly exactly. Um. 0:21:14.280 --> 0:21:17.080 I think that's that's part of the problem with why 0:21:17.160 --> 0:21:22.719 we can't detect this stuff in the universes. It's already happened, right, 0:21:22.800 --> 0:21:26.200 and we're witnessing its effects, were part of its effects, 0:21:26.280 --> 0:21:29.679 right right. Um, So they want to recreate the beginning 0:21:29.680 --> 0:21:32.120 of the universe to see if these things really exist 0:21:32.520 --> 0:21:37.879 and what their effects are, etcetera, etcetera. Um, there's possibly 0:21:37.920 --> 0:21:42.359 going to be some other things that are created, uh inadvertently, Yeah, 0:21:42.359 --> 0:21:47.200 photons and muans and black holes chuck. Yeah, that's possible. 0:21:47.560 --> 0:21:50.480 It's very possible. Actually, even certain said it was possible. 0:21:50.800 --> 0:21:53.120 That's one of the critics. Uh. One of the things 0:21:53.119 --> 0:21:55.800 that critics point out is you may create a black 0:21:55.800 --> 0:21:59.399 hole and you may destroy the earth so much so 0:21:59.520 --> 0:22:02.480 that sue dudes sued them basically to try and stop it. 0:22:02.600 --> 0:22:05.080 And not just two dudes, um, a guy named Walter 0:22:05.200 --> 0:22:09.840 Wagner and Luis Sancho. Walter Wagner was the former nuclear 0:22:09.920 --> 0:22:13.560 safety officer for the large Hay Drunk Collider. He was 0:22:13.600 --> 0:22:15.919 like the guy who was in charge of safety, and 0:22:16.000 --> 0:22:18.680 he filed the lawsuit in the U. S. District Court 0:22:18.720 --> 0:22:22.239 in Hawaii to to file an injunction to create an 0:22:22.240 --> 0:22:25.440 injunction to stop that thing from being turned on. Because 0:22:25.480 --> 0:22:27.320 you know what a black hole is. It's a bad 0:22:27.359 --> 0:22:30.679 Mama jamas where it's h I love. How Strickland puts it, 0:22:30.720 --> 0:22:33.600 black holes are regions in which matter collapses into a 0:22:33.640 --> 0:22:37.680 point of infinite density. Not good, No, it's not. And 0:22:37.800 --> 0:22:41.119 uh again, as Chuck said, Cerin has said, yeah, maybe 0:22:41.200 --> 0:22:43.720 they may create some black holes, but really teeny ones. 0:22:43.840 --> 0:22:46.560 Well that's what they're saying. They're saying, Yeah, the black hole, 0:22:46.680 --> 0:22:49.440 you know, and love is a star collapsing on itself. 0:22:49.720 --> 0:22:53.840 We're talking about um sub atomic particles collapsing on themselves. 0:22:54.560 --> 0:22:57.640 So it's a black hole, but you know it's gonna 0:22:57.720 --> 0:23:02.360 be tiny. Um. One of the Uh. The concerns that 0:23:02.440 --> 0:23:06.359 Wagner in Sancho have is that, sure, it may be tiny, 0:23:06.440 --> 0:23:08.919 but no one's ever done this before. And you guys 0:23:08.960 --> 0:23:11.679 have no idea whether this is safe or not. Just 0:23:11.720 --> 0:23:13.720 too much unknown, right. And they're like, no, no, our 0:23:13.760 --> 0:23:16.880 magnets are safe. They're they've been tested. They're like, we're 0:23:16.880 --> 0:23:19.399 not talking about the magnets, we're talking about all this stuff. 0:23:19.400 --> 0:23:21.159 You have no idea what's going to happen. And they 0:23:21.200 --> 0:23:23.960 also said, I love the response. One of certain's response 0:23:24.080 --> 0:23:26.160 was and there's no one allowed down in there while 0:23:26.160 --> 0:23:28.520