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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff you should know

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Speaker 1: from house Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with me as always as

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Speaker 1: Charles W. Bryant, as well as our producer Jerry. You

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Speaker 1: can just call me Boson Higgs Boson. No one's going

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Speaker 1: to call you that. It would be a great name, though, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Higgs Boson. What up pigs. I wonder if that thing

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Speaker 1: is discovered, if somebody will name their kid Higgs Boson,

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Speaker 1: you know, Michael Wits or whatever. Well, if someone names

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Speaker 1: her kid yet Detroit. I think someone could potentially name

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Speaker 1: the kid Nigs Boson. There's a there's even a comma

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Speaker 1: I think in there and there and yet Detroit. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I don't remember an exclamation point. Yeah, there's some sort

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Speaker 1: of punctuation. When you get punctuation into your name. Your

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Speaker 1: parents were messed up. Yes, Chuck's talking about a theoretical

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Speaker 1: article called the Higgs Boson, and we'll talk about it

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Speaker 1: in a minute, but first we're going to talk about

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Speaker 1: the place where they're hoping to find proof positive that

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Speaker 1: the Higgs Boson particle exists, yes, Josh. And this is

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Speaker 1: very science heavy, super science heavy, because it's about science,

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Speaker 1: so science heavy that Chuck and I um are a

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Speaker 1: little nervous about this one. I'm not afraid you have

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Speaker 1: dark matter using out of my ears, which is proof

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Speaker 1: that it exists. Exactly. You just you just amended the

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Speaker 1: standard model. Chuck. All right, let's talk about this, dude.

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Speaker 1: What what what is this? We're talking about the large

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Speaker 1: Hadron collider. Right, but you may have heard about, you

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Speaker 1: may know a lot about, and if you do, I

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Speaker 1: imagine we'll probably get some angry emails from you when

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Speaker 1: we mess it up. And right, but on the border

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Speaker 1: between Switzerland and France. Yes, a hundred meters underground, beautiful country. Sure,

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Speaker 1: that's a good skiing out there. Sure, Um. There is

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Speaker 1: a facility with track that's what seventeen miles long, think

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Speaker 1: seventeen point seven sixteen points, we'll just call it seventeen

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Speaker 1: seventeen Uh and around this track, Uh, they shoot beams

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Speaker 1: of light. Pretty simple, It is pretty simple. And we

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Speaker 1: stop now, Yes, we can that there there's a large

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Speaker 1: had round collider, everybody, that's what it's called. It's called

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Speaker 1: the Large had dron collider. Um it's been built. I

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Speaker 1: think they started in the twenty first century and finally

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Speaker 1: went online for the first time in two thousand and eight.

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Speaker 1: So far, it's cost six billion dollars to construct. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I've heard any up to ten even depending on who. Yeah. Well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: and there's a lot of countries involved. There's thousands of

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Speaker 1: scientists who are going back to their home countries and

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Speaker 1: saying we need more money, we need more money. Um

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Speaker 1: and uh the the but yeah, France and um Switzerland

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Speaker 1: to run in the show there. Ye. CERN is the

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Speaker 1: name of the company we should point out right well,

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Speaker 1: the organizations the European Organization for Nuclear Research abbreviated en

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Speaker 1: Francais CERN. Okay, I was about to say those letters

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Speaker 1: don't match up something here, So what is it, chuck?

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Speaker 1: They shoot beams of like. It's a particle accelerator and

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Speaker 1: it is the largest and most badass particle accelerator in

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Speaker 1: the history of particle accelerators. True that that's the easiest

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Speaker 1: way to say. We've got particle accelerators that look like um,

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Speaker 1: old donkeys pulling carts with square wheels compared to this thing. Seriously,

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Speaker 1: this is as big as it gets. It's as ambitious

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Speaker 1: as it gets um. And basically, what they're trying to

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Speaker 1: do our several fold. They're trying to prove the existence

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Speaker 1: of the Higgs Boson particle, the god particle. Well, let's

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Speaker 1: talk about this. Why why would anyone want to prove

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Speaker 1: the existence of a theoretical particle? Should we go back

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Speaker 1: to the standard model? Yeah? Should we back into this,

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Speaker 1: let's do it. Basically, it tries to define the fundamental

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Speaker 1: particles that make uh, the universe, the forces, the forces, right,

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Speaker 1: You've got strong nuclear force, strong like bull, weak nuclear force,

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Speaker 1: electromagnetic force. So the standard model, which combines um Einstein's

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Speaker 1: theory of relativity with quantum physics I believe um theory

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Speaker 1: and all that other stuff you just said. It combines

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Speaker 1: those two, uh, and it proves the existence that it

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Speaker 1: counts for those three forces. The problem is gravity still

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Speaker 1: remains unaccounted for. That's the fourth fundamental force, Like we

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Speaker 1: can account for theoretically, but we can't say, yes, this

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Speaker 1: is why gravity exists, and this is all the stuff

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Speaker 1: gravity does. We're still with with strong nuclear force, weak

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Speaker 1: nuclear force, and electromagnetic force. We've advanced leaps and bounds

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Speaker 1: beyond classical physics, Newtonian physics. But we're still at the

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Speaker 1: apple falling off the tree level. Uh, as far as

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Speaker 1: this goes when it comes to gravity. So the Higgs

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Speaker 1: Boson particle, if we find it, if we detect it um,

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Speaker 1: it will fill out the standard model exactly. And it's

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Speaker 1: a theoretical particle at this point that we're looking for, right,

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Speaker 1: And they they think that it exists and that basically

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Speaker 1: it's responsible for giving mass or matter mass right right,

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Speaker 1: which is important, they say, because not all matter has mass,

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Speaker 1: things called neutrinos, delicious and nutritious. Neutrinos do not have maths.

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Speaker 1: I've practiced that one did. It's actually written down. Uh.

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Speaker 1: So not everything has mass. And and the idea is

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Speaker 1: that if you explain uh the existence of mass using

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Speaker 1: the Higgs mechanism, we'll all be better for it and

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Speaker 1: understand our origins. Ultimately, that's what it comes down to,

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Speaker 1: is where like theory, theory is not good enough, we

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Speaker 1: have to know, you know. So the Higgs Boston particle

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Speaker 1: is one of the bigger ones named after Peter Higgs.

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Speaker 1: By the way, physicists who theorized it um. How do

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Speaker 1: you how do you know a theoretical particle when you

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Speaker 1: see it. That's a good question. Do you know? This

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Speaker 1: is what I understand, Um that you can't just say, oh,

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Speaker 1: there must be this particle out there and name it

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Speaker 1: after me. By the way, I think Peter Higgs went

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Speaker 1: a little further and said, this particle must exist, and

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Speaker 1: if it does exist, this is basically this is its

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Speaker 1: um energy, it's mass, So find this name it after me,

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Speaker 1: right exactly? And uh so if they what's going to

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Speaker 1: happen when they when they turn the large Hadron collider

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Speaker 1: on what this Christmas? Right? I think it begins the

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Speaker 1: process which will take several months after that to collide. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they'll they'll have their sensors looking for particle that's created

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Speaker 1: that has that I guess mass, that energy, that that whatever,

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Speaker 1: um however, it's described mathematically. My stuff. It's coming out

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Speaker 1: of my ears right now. So darker matter is another

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Speaker 1: one that they're hoping to find, right. Uh, yeah, you've

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Speaker 1: got to coming out your ears tell us about it, Chuck. Well, Uh,

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Speaker 1: here's the deal. Dark matter is. Right now, humans can

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Speaker 1: observe about four of all the matter that must exist

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Speaker 1: in the universe. That's all we can account for. That's

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Speaker 1: not very much. Uh, there's a theory that um dark

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Speaker 1: matter is this undetectable matter and that coupled with the

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Speaker 1: matter that we can detect, makes up only about which

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Speaker 1: is still not much. And the other three quarters is

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Speaker 1: what they think might be a force called dark energy, right,

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Speaker 1: which UM. Scientists have become alarmed over the last few

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Speaker 1: decades when they've detected that the universe is actually expanding

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Speaker 1: and they don't know why well, and they think that

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Speaker 1: dark energy may be the reason. Right, So they're looking

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Speaker 1: for that too. UM. A lot of once you again,

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Speaker 1: once you theorize something, you kind of have to back

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Speaker 1: it up with, and this is what it's going to

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Speaker 1: look like, right, and so that you you sense for it, right. Sure.

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Speaker 1: They're also looking for anti matter, which is matters hated

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Speaker 1: foe and they like to cancel each other out. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's how it supposedly worked, is that there was more

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Speaker 1: anti matter matters, right, more matter than antimatter when the

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Speaker 1: Big Bang happened, which is how we're here. But they

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Speaker 1: don't know why, and they're hoping and that is um,

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Speaker 1: that is the hook, Chuck, what they're going to do.

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Speaker 1: They want to find all this stuff and more, um

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Speaker 1: by recreating the Big Bang, that the the what the

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Speaker 1: universe looked like a trillionth of a second after the

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Speaker 1: Big Bang? Right right, because we think what happened was

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Speaker 1: the universe expands and cools and all these particles floating

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Speaker 1: around join up together and form larger particles and then

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Speaker 1: all of a sudden, what do you what do? What's

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Speaker 1: what's the word evolution? Sure it starts rolling if you

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Speaker 1: believe in that kind of thing, right, Um. They're also

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Speaker 1: looking for some other stuff, um, slightly stranger stuff than

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Speaker 1: you know, dark matter and anti matter. They're looking for

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Speaker 1: evidence well, adherence of string theory. Are looking for evidence

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Speaker 1: of string theory, which would we mean another dimension several

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Speaker 1: up to eleven. I believe who I think theorized eleven.

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Speaker 1: I don't buy string theory. Yeah, and you've always I have.

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Speaker 1: I have a real problem, and it's most likely I

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Speaker 1: just don't understand it. But from what I understand, very

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Speaker 1: very smart people don't understand it either. Well, there's no

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Speaker 1: compression that Kiku is like this is what he didn't

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Speaker 1: come up with the measurements to back it up, you know,

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Speaker 1: But you're on the same page as a lot of scientists,

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Speaker 1: though they also say that it's it's a philosophy. It's

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Speaker 1: not a science, right under his theory or under his philosophy,

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Speaker 1: however you want to say it. Um, there's up to

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Speaker 1: eleven different dimensions. We're currently aware of four um height,

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Speaker 1: with depth and time. Yes, those are four dimensions that

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Speaker 1: we exist in UM. Under k KU there's eleven total,

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Speaker 1: so there's another eight that are unaccounted for UM, and

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Speaker 1: that all matter in the universe is made up of

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Speaker 1: tiny vibrating strength. Some are closed like little rubber bands,

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Speaker 1: some are open like little um oh, I don't know,

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Speaker 1: tape worms, like a cut rubber band, right, sure, And

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Speaker 1: these strings can vibrate and like a guitar string, and uh,

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Speaker 1: one vibration might make it look like an electron. One

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Speaker 1: might make it look like a neutrino, delicious and netritious neutrino.

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Speaker 1: And that's string theory and it's most simplest form. But

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Speaker 1: even still, the strings are highly hypothetical UM, and even

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Speaker 1: if they were created, we apparently wouldn't be able to

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Speaker 1: sense them. What they're looking for the string theorists is

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Speaker 1: evidence of supersymmetry, right, and supersymmetry is you have a

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Speaker 1: particle and it has a UM an opposite particle like

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Speaker 1: a neutron, and a positron positive and negatively charged an antiparticle.

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Speaker 1: Sure right, Um, even further those are superpartners, even further

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Speaker 1: into supersymmetry. And this will somehow, I guess, prove string theory.

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Speaker 1: I don't understand how it will. But um, and oh

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Speaker 1: my god, can you imagine the length of the emails

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Speaker 1: we're going to get from people who explain how this

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Speaker 1: proves string theory. I'm already uh, suffering from brain melt.

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Speaker 1: I can't imagine anymore. So you've got the neutron and

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Speaker 1: the positron, yes, and those are superpartners. But each of

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Speaker 1: those have a UM positive partner to rather than an opposite,

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Speaker 1: they have one that's like them as well. Each one

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Speaker 1: has their own partners, So each particle will have three

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Speaker 1: partner particles, three counterparticles, counterparticles, perfect chutes. So that would

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Speaker 1: be supersymmetry. And apparently if they find evidence of supersymmetry,

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Speaker 1: then but a boom, but a being string theory is right, right,

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Speaker 1: and it also helps to explain dark matter, Yes it does,

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Speaker 1: so wow, is anyone still out there? Yes? Sticks like this, everybody.

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Speaker 1: We're muddling through this part, but it's about to get

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Speaker 1: a little more interesting. There's like ten nerds that are like,

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Speaker 1: this is the best thing ever know. They're like carving

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Speaker 1: their knives. Yeah, ready to slice us up? Yes, um,

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Speaker 1: so that's what they're looking for. And also I think

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Speaker 1: this is what I find most fascinating about at it.

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Speaker 1: Most of the scientists out there, I think there are

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Speaker 1: very few who are looking for evidence at back up

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Speaker 1: their theories. Most of them are actually hoping to learn

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Speaker 1: like everything they know is wrong and there's all this

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Speaker 1: new stuff so that they can go out there and

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Speaker 1: figure out what how this fits here and all that.

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Speaker 1: I find that very interesting. It's a very ambitious project.

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Speaker 1: And as Strickland points out in this article, very comprehensive article.

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Speaker 1: By the way, um there is no practical application for this. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's all just to see what happens. Yeah, which is

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Speaker 1: pretty cool to sink six to ten billion into you know. Well,

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Speaker 1: and if you've ever seen the thing, I mean, the

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Speaker 1: pictures of this, the hay drunk glider is just unbelievable.

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Speaker 1: It's ginormous. It's ginormous. So what are they going to

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Speaker 1: be doing, Chuck, how does this thing work? Uh? Well, Josh,

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Speaker 1: there are eight sectors at the hay Drunk collider, and um,

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Speaker 1: they basically use magnets to steer these beams of light,

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Speaker 1: these protons in a circle, because otherwise it's just straight right.

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Speaker 1: Do you love that part? Well? Yeah, because that's the

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Speaker 1: only part that makes sense, right, Um, the the magnets

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Speaker 1: are actually super cool, the right chuck. Yeah, Well, there's

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Speaker 1: ninety magnets. If you want a little uh status statuts,

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Speaker 1: this one stat heavy. So ninety magnets. Many of them

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Speaker 1: weigh several times which is pretty uh, pretty big, pretty big.

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Speaker 1: And they are cool Josh to one point nine degrees kelvin,

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Speaker 1: which is negative to seventy one celsius or negative fahrenheit,

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Speaker 1: which is just above absolute zero. Yeah. And the reason

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Speaker 1: why they would want to cool and electro magnet um

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Speaker 1: to just above absolute zero is there's very little electrical

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Speaker 1: resistance when you turn that thing on, so it can

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Speaker 1: operate smoothly, exactly ideally, right, because it's it's um. It's

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Speaker 1: purpose isn't to, like, you know, to a jokey attract

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Speaker 1: all of the pots and pans at a certain facility

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Speaker 1: to it. I mean it has a purpose. It's steering

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Speaker 1: beams of light, which is much more difficult. You go

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Speaker 1: out there trying to steer a beam a light. I've trying. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's tough. Okay, So well how do they cool it though?

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Speaker 1: That's a pretty cool staff. They cool at using liquid

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Speaker 1: hydrogen and helium, right, liquid nitrogen. Yeah, that stuff burns

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Speaker 1: ten thousand, eight hundred tons of liquid nitrogen and sixty

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Speaker 1: tons of liquid helium to to finish up right, that's

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Speaker 1: pretty hardcore. Um. Okay, So you've got these magnets, and

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Speaker 1: actually inside the magnets are pipes which are vacuumed. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we gotta have a vacuum. So basically, if you hear

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Speaker 1: you've heard vacuum and almost absolute zero. Um. This sounds

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Speaker 1: an all awful lot like outer space, like deep space exactly. Yes, Um,

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Speaker 1: So they're they're creating a vacuum um to keep any

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Speaker 1: particle outright, any particle could screw this whole thing up.

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Speaker 1: So imagine that there's inside this almost seventeen mile track,

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Speaker 1: there's nothing. They're creating deep space threet below the Earth's

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Speaker 1: crust without the space jump. That's okay, So chuck a

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Speaker 1: long this and also those UM the eight sectors. Each

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Speaker 1: one is an arc, like you said, so it's basically

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Speaker 1: one big circle. And along UM along this big circle

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Speaker 1: are six stations basically, and each one of these is

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Speaker 1: outfitted with you know, tons of centers is a hundred

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Speaker 1: and fifty million centers I think UM throughout the whole

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Speaker 1: collider um. And so each station is basically working to

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Speaker 1: UM measure one thing or another. Right, And we could

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Speaker 1: go into detail here, but this is really when people

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Speaker 1: would tune out, but just suffice to say there are

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Speaker 1: eight main stations where they're looking for or six of them.

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Speaker 1: Six main stations, four of which are really ginormous collecting

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Speaker 1: lots of info, and then two kind of smaller ones, right,

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Speaker 1: and remember these they're they're collecting things like UM, information

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Speaker 1: about radiation, sudden changes in mass, gravitational fields, electromagnetic fields,

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Speaker 1: that kind of stuff, and then it's going to sort through.

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Speaker 1: And actually, another interesting thing about CERN is that it's

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Speaker 1: getting something like fifteen petabytes of data gathered every year,

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Speaker 1: which is a fifteen million gigabytes, that's and they're constantly

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Speaker 1: the sensors are constantly feeding back information. Yeah, would they

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Speaker 1: say that was enough information to fill one thousand DVDs,

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Speaker 1: which is not as impressive as I would have thought.

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Speaker 1: I'm pretty impressed. Okay. Um, and they're actually using a

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Speaker 1: grid computing, using off the shelf computers, which is pretty cool. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they just linked them together. Why they do that? Uh,

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Speaker 1: it's more efficient from what I understand. Yeah, and it's cheaper, right, Um,

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Speaker 1: they're saving Speaking of cheap, you know what's not cheap

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Speaker 1: their power bill? Did you see that unbelievable thirty million

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Speaker 1: dollars per year just to power this thing after they've

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Speaker 1: already sunk between six and ten billion into it. And

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Speaker 1: once this once this thing it's revved up. What they're

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Speaker 1: going to do first? The first step, chuck, and this

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Speaker 1: is like the big experiment. Basically, they're just shooting beams

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Speaker 1: of light and then smashing them into each other. Okay,

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Speaker 1: So what they're gonna do first is they're going to

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Speaker 1: take hydrogen atoms. They're gonna strip them of their electrons, right, yeah,

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Speaker 1: which produces protons. They're gonna take the protons and they're

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Speaker 1: going to send them through a machine that fires them

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Speaker 1: as beams. The PS booster, that's the accelerator, right. I

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Speaker 1: think that's what gets there's a bunch of them, but

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Speaker 1: that's what gets it going, right, So it's just a

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Speaker 1: beam and then it's a right right okay, chuck. So

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Speaker 1: when they get these beams ready, right, when the when

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Speaker 1: the whole thing is ready to go online for the

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Speaker 1: big experiment, uh sometime early next year hopefully. So the

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Speaker 1: first step is to take hydrogen atoms and strip them

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Speaker 1: of their electrons, which makes protons, right, and there we

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Speaker 1: have our protons because this is ultimately as a proton accelerator, right. Um.

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Speaker 1: What they do is they feed these into a machine

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Speaker 1: called the line Nex two, which fires the beams of

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Speaker 1: protons into the accelerator, which is the PS booster. Yes,

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Speaker 1: and dude, that uses radio frequency electric field to push

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Speaker 1: the protons along and kind of get them started on

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Speaker 1: their journey to uh just below light speed. Right. It's like, yeah,

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Speaker 1: get along a little proton, right, and well you're gonna

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Speaker 1: meet some other guys later that are gonna whip you

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Speaker 1: even harder. Right. Yeah. That PS booster makes them go

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Speaker 1: from you know, a beam of light to a beam

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Speaker 1: of light right right, Okay, it's a good way to

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Speaker 1: say thank you very much. Um. And the magnets are

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Speaker 1: going to come in. Now they're keeping these proton beams

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Speaker 1: on track and the things going along pretty quick, pretty quick,

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Speaker 1: and then the PS booster injecton into another accelerator called

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Speaker 1: the super Proton Sinco tron. Hey, it sounds like a

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Speaker 1: children's toy, it does. It's very expensive one. So the

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Speaker 1: beams are now really picking up speed and they're divided

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Speaker 1: into bunches. Okay, so you have just imagine one beam

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Speaker 1: and it's divided um into I think hundred bunch and

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Speaker 1: eight per beam per beam. Uh, and each bunch has

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Speaker 1: one point one times ten to the eleventh power protons.

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Speaker 1: And this is important to say that they shoot one

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Speaker 1: counterclockwise and one clockwise in two different two different tunnels.

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Speaker 1: So yeah, they're going different directions, but they're getting faster

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Speaker 1: and faster, and they're actually coming very very close to

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Speaker 1: the speed of light. At one point, remember this is

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Speaker 1: a seventeen mile track. At one point is these beams

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Speaker 1: are getting to their their top speed. They make eleven thousand,

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Speaker 1: two hundred and forty five trips around the track per second.

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Speaker 1: Stat of the year that it may be, dude, it's

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Speaker 1: what is this mid November and that's the stat of

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Speaker 1: the year. Yeah, more than eleven thousand trips around a

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Speaker 1: sixteen mile track per second. If you ever wondered how

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Speaker 1: fast the speed of light is, that's nine nine percent there. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but you gotta you gotta admit that, um hundredth of

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Speaker 1: a percent is pretty substantial. I wonder how many any

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Speaker 1: trips they make at the speed of light. Yeah. The

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Speaker 1: fact that we have figured out how to do that's

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Speaker 1: not h and I obviously humans have figured out I

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Speaker 1: do this is pretty amazing. It works amazing or terrifying,

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Speaker 1: which we'll get to in a minute. Yes, and then Josh,

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Speaker 1: you know what happens? Then they converge. Yeah, they direct

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Speaker 1: these bunches of beams of protons and to each other

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Speaker 1: and kaboom, six hundred million collisions per second at that point.

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Speaker 1: And I get the impression also that um it wasn't clear,

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Speaker 1: but the beams can be directed towards one another at

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Speaker 1: each of the six censor stations. Okay, I think so,

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Speaker 1: because I think you have to have your centers right there,

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Speaker 1: right right. We'll see that makes sense, we'll find out.

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Speaker 1: So we're going by the way, I already booked as

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Speaker 1: a trip. Um So what happens, Josh, is they theoretically

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Speaker 1: they're gonna collide and they're gonna break up into small

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Speaker 1: particles like quarks, and there their accompanying energy called gluon.

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Speaker 1: You know, one keeps it all together, which is why

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Speaker 1: it's called glue on. Is it really? Of course not.

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Speaker 1: But quarks are really unstable and they will decay in

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Speaker 1: just like a fraction at the second. But we have

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Speaker 1: all these sensors to pick up what happens exactly exactly. Um.

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Speaker 1: I think that's that's part of the problem with why

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Speaker 1: we can't detect this stuff in the universes. It's already happened, right,

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Speaker 1: and we're witnessing its effects, were part of its effects,

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Speaker 1: right right. Um, So they want to recreate the beginning

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Speaker 1: of the universe to see if these things really exist

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Speaker 1: and what their effects are, etcetera, etcetera. Um, there's possibly

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Speaker 1: going to be some other things that are created, uh inadvertently, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: photons and muans and black holes chuck. Yeah, that's possible.

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Speaker 1: It's very possible. Actually, even certain said it was possible.

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Speaker 1: That's one of the critics. Uh. One of the things

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Speaker 1: that critics point out is you may create a black

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Speaker 1: hole and you may destroy the earth so much so

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Speaker 1: that sue dudes sued them basically to try and stop it.

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Speaker 1: And not just two dudes, um, a guy named Walter

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Speaker 1: Wagner and Luis Sancho. Walter Wagner was the former nuclear

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Speaker 1: safety officer for the large Hay Drunk Collider. He was

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Speaker 1: like the guy who was in charge of safety, and

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Speaker 1: he filed the lawsuit in the U. S. District Court

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Speaker 1: in Hawaii to to file an injunction to create an

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Speaker 1: injunction to stop that thing from being turned on. Because

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Speaker 1: you know what a black hole is. It's a bad

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Speaker 1: Mama jamas where it's h I love. How Strickland puts it,

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Speaker 1: black holes are regions in which matter collapses into a

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Speaker 1: point of infinite density. Not good, No, it's not. And

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Speaker 1: uh again, as Chuck said, Cerin has said, yeah, maybe

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Speaker 1: they may create some black holes, but really teeny ones.

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Speaker 1: Well that's what they're saying. They're saying, Yeah, the black hole,

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Speaker 1: you know, and love is a star collapsing on itself.

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Speaker 1: We're talking about um sub atomic particles collapsing on themselves.

390
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Speaker 1: So it's a black hole, but you know it's gonna

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Speaker 1: be tiny. Um. One of the Uh. The concerns that

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Speaker 1: Wagner in Sancho have is that, sure, it may be tiny,

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Speaker 1: but no one's ever done this before. And you guys

394
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Speaker 1: have no idea whether this is safe or not. Just

395
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Speaker 1: too much unknown, right. And they're like, no, no, our

396
00:23:13,760 --> 00:23:16,880
Speaker 1: magnets are safe. They're they've been tested. They're like, we're

397
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Speaker 1: not talking about the magnets, we're talking about all this stuff.

398
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Speaker 1: You have no idea what's going to happen. And they

399
00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:23,960
Speaker 1: also said, I love the response. One of certain's response

400
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Speaker 1: was and there's no one allowed down in there while

401
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Speaker 1: it's going on, right, And they're like, um, dude, what

402
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Speaker 1: about the Earth? Yeah, being swallowed up into a black hole? Sure,

403
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Speaker 1: forget the one scientist that's you know, wants to watch

404
00:23:34,840 --> 00:23:38,919
Speaker 1: the explosion, forget him. Yeah he can write out of

405
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Speaker 1: the black hole what's going on down there? You know? Yes?

406
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Speaker 1: Uh Josh, And you know what, you know what else

407
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Speaker 1: they think they might produce the strange lit Yeah, yeah,

408
00:23:47,920 --> 00:23:52,760
Speaker 1: these things are a little scary. Yeah, it could be worrisome. Uh,

409
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Speaker 1: strangelets could possess a gravitational field that could convert them

410
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Speaker 1: and the entire planet Earth into a lifeless hulk. Right,

411
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Speaker 1: They think that strangelets have this um they have. They're

412
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Speaker 1: very dense. I think they're theoretical as well, right, Yeah,

413
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Speaker 1: the hypothetical um they they apparently have the property of

414
00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:19,000
Speaker 1: lending their incredible density to any other particle it touches

415
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Speaker 1: and setting off a chain reaction, kind of like rogue

416
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Speaker 1: from X Men, kind of. I think there's a lot

417
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Speaker 1: of quantum physics and the X Men in my p brain.

418
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Speaker 1: That's what I'm gonna think. So, um, they're worried that

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Speaker 1: if a strangelet is created, it could set off a

420
00:24:34,119 --> 00:24:36,920
Speaker 1: chain a chain reaction that turns all matter on Earth

421
00:24:36,960 --> 00:24:42,640
Speaker 1: into this ultra dense, dead like lifeless hulk, including us

422
00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:45,760
Speaker 1: on Earth because we're on Earth. Yes, but certain dismisses

423
00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:48,640
Speaker 1: that for a few reasons. They say, Um, first of all,

424
00:24:48,640 --> 00:24:50,639
Speaker 1: that it's hypothetical, so we don't even know that, so

425
00:24:50,680 --> 00:24:54,399
Speaker 1: don't get your panties in a wide yet. Um. I

426
00:24:54,400 --> 00:24:57,840
Speaker 1: believe that's what the memo said, actually, And then they said, actually,

427
00:24:57,840 --> 00:25:00,920
Speaker 1: there's an electromatic field that would really pell normal matter

428
00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:03,960
Speaker 1: instead of changing it, so don't sweat it. Then they say,

429
00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:06,520
Speaker 1: even if it does exist, it would be really unstable

430
00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:11,399
Speaker 1: and would probably just decay like instantaneously, like those black holes. Right.

431
00:25:11,560 --> 00:25:13,760
Speaker 1: And then the final thing they say is that high

432
00:25:13,880 --> 00:25:18,359
Speaker 1: energy cosmic rays would produce this stuff naturally anyway and

433
00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:20,719
Speaker 1: should be hitting the Earth already, and we're still here,

434
00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:23,040
Speaker 1: so don't worry about it. The one that I have

435
00:25:23,119 --> 00:25:25,480
Speaker 1: the real problem with was the third one that should

436
00:25:25,800 --> 00:25:30,520
Speaker 1: decay almost instantaneously. Should Does it really do well? No?

437
00:25:30,680 --> 00:25:32,760
Speaker 1: I mean, does it really take a very long time

438
00:25:32,840 --> 00:25:36,120
Speaker 1: for a strangely to transfer that to set off an inaction?

439
00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:39,200
Speaker 1: That's true, We'll find out if the world's a lifeless

440
00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:44,399
Speaker 1: hulk this uh, this February. Sweet. Um, there's a couple

441
00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:47,200
Speaker 1: of guys, remember that Higgs boson particle that we talked

442
00:25:47,240 --> 00:25:50,280
Speaker 1: about at the beginning, right, Um, there are a couple

443
00:25:50,320 --> 00:25:55,320
Speaker 1: of guys who are actually very well respected physicists, right, chuck. Uh,

444
00:25:55,560 --> 00:25:58,119
Speaker 1: That's what I'm told, who have um come up with

445
00:25:58,160 --> 00:26:01,160
Speaker 1: a couple of papers that they basically say, and these

446
00:26:01,160 --> 00:26:05,040
Speaker 1: are real physicists, These are real respected physicists, and they're

447
00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:10,080
Speaker 1: not joking. They're saying that the Higgs boson has already

448
00:26:10,119 --> 00:26:13,879
Speaker 1: been created in the future at CERN at the Large

449
00:26:13,880 --> 00:26:18,040
Speaker 1: Hadron Collider. And it was so abhorrent that it rippled

450
00:26:18,040 --> 00:26:22,160
Speaker 1: back in time and sabotaged itself so that it could

451
00:26:22,200 --> 00:26:24,760
Speaker 1: never be created, sabotaged the LHC so it can never

452
00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:27,959
Speaker 1: be created. So what's what's the analogy they're liking it too?

453
00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:33,040
Speaker 1: Coming back from the future to kill your father so

454
00:26:33,160 --> 00:26:36,200
Speaker 1: you will never be born your grandfather's whatever. That's actually

455
00:26:36,200 --> 00:26:38,119
Speaker 1: a paradox. You can't do that, or else you never

456
00:26:38,119 --> 00:26:39,959
Speaker 1: would have been born in the first place, exactly. But

457
00:26:40,040 --> 00:26:42,919
Speaker 1: they make the case that it's not a paradox to

458
00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:45,199
Speaker 1: travel back in time to push your grandfather out of

459
00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:47,879
Speaker 1: the path of an oncoming bus, which is they're what

460
00:26:47,960 --> 00:26:50,560
Speaker 1: they're saying the Higgs boson is doing. And the reason

461
00:26:50,600 --> 00:26:52,960
Speaker 1: they say this is because it has failed on a

462
00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:58,840
Speaker 1: spectacular level so far. Has there's some strange things, you

463
00:26:58,840 --> 00:27:02,080
Speaker 1: could say, well, for there have been some strange ones.

464
00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:03,920
Speaker 1: The first one wasn't that strange. It was a coolant leak,

465
00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:06,760
Speaker 1: and uh, it destroyed a lot of the magnets, which

466
00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:09,320
Speaker 1: was pretty expensive to fix. So that knocked it off

467
00:27:09,359 --> 00:27:14,639
Speaker 1: track for quite a while, off track literally, and um

468
00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:18,159
Speaker 1: then Josh, you know what happened last week? A bird

469
00:27:18,400 --> 00:27:23,440
Speaker 1: dropped a baguette, a piece of bread into this thing. Yeah,

470
00:27:23,480 --> 00:27:26,120
Speaker 1: into one of the magnets. This is really what happened. Yeah.

471
00:27:26,280 --> 00:27:29,399
Speaker 1: Can you believe that? I can because I'm kind of

472
00:27:29,440 --> 00:27:32,360
Speaker 1: with the two physicists who think that the boson has

473
00:27:32,359 --> 00:27:34,520
Speaker 1: been created and traveled back in time. Yeah. So this

474
00:27:34,560 --> 00:27:36,920
Speaker 1: bird drops us into a piece of the outdoor machinery

475
00:27:37,600 --> 00:27:40,960
Speaker 1: and uh overheated the parts of it, and it was

476
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:43,119
Speaker 1: not operational at the time, but they said that it

477
00:27:43,160 --> 00:27:46,120
Speaker 1: produced such a spike that if it had been turned on,

478
00:27:46,440 --> 00:27:49,880
Speaker 1: that dropping this bread would have enabled the automatic fail

479
00:27:49,920 --> 00:27:52,040
Speaker 1: safe and it would shut it down. Piece of bread

480
00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:55,800
Speaker 1: from a bird. That's a little hinky, it is, But

481
00:27:55,880 --> 00:27:58,280
Speaker 1: at the same time, if you think about it, it's

482
00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:03,439
Speaker 1: not really that hinky. But this everyone is so everyone

483
00:28:03,520 --> 00:28:06,520
Speaker 1: paying attention is so like this could be really great

484
00:28:06,680 --> 00:28:09,439
Speaker 1: or it could conceivably end life as we know it.

485
00:28:09,880 --> 00:28:12,640
Speaker 1: And see what happens. So anything that happens to it,

486
00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:19,640
Speaker 1: um is just hugely under the microscope. Yes, yes, um,

487
00:28:19,680 --> 00:28:22,040
Speaker 1: And I just realized that I was agreeing with the

488
00:28:22,080 --> 00:28:27,120
Speaker 1: string theorist. One of the physicists is Holger beck Nielsen

489
00:28:27,760 --> 00:28:33,040
Speaker 1: and his um compatriot Japanese physicistem say Oh Nino Mia.

490
00:28:33,320 --> 00:28:34,800
Speaker 1: And these are the two that are saying that the

491
00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:37,520
Speaker 1: Higgs boson was created and traveled back in time. They

492
00:28:37,560 --> 00:28:41,960
Speaker 1: have a very easy way of solving whether or not

493
00:28:42,560 --> 00:28:48,080
Speaker 1: the LHC should be put online. How's that a card game? Really? Yeah?

494
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:52,080
Speaker 1: They want to come up with basically, let's say a

495
00:28:52,200 --> 00:28:57,760
Speaker 1: hundred million cards and million thousand and ninety nine of

496
00:28:57,840 --> 00:29:01,200
Speaker 1: these cards say go ahead, right, and then one card

497
00:29:01,240 --> 00:29:05,120
Speaker 1: says shut it down. And obviously this is all software,

498
00:29:05,200 --> 00:29:08,800
Speaker 1: not actual cards. And then you ask the LHC to

499
00:29:08,960 --> 00:29:12,680
Speaker 1: pick one, and if the LHC picks the one that

500
00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:15,800
Speaker 1: uh says shut it down, then we should shut it down.

501
00:29:15,880 --> 00:29:19,200
Speaker 1: Shut it down. Then it's fine. Wo Yeah. Are they

502
00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:21,880
Speaker 1: actually gonna do this? I don't think I don't think so,

503
00:29:22,120 --> 00:29:23,920
Speaker 1: because they have no say over certain anyway. You know,

504
00:29:23,960 --> 00:29:26,080
Speaker 1: they don't. They're they're not related to Swart, but like

505
00:29:26,120 --> 00:29:31,520
Speaker 1: I said, they are both respected physicists and the physics community.

506
00:29:31,560 --> 00:29:34,320
Speaker 1: When they first heard about this, for like, and then

507
00:29:34,360 --> 00:29:39,000
Speaker 1: they read it and they're like, yeah, yeah, because it

508
00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:43,520
Speaker 1: is possible hypothetically, and if the LHC is involved in anything,

509
00:29:43,560 --> 00:29:47,680
Speaker 1: it's hypothesis and theory big time. And until it proves

510
00:29:47,680 --> 00:29:50,360
Speaker 1: everything or destroys the universe. We should say to that

511
00:29:50,440 --> 00:29:54,600
Speaker 1: this uh baguette in the works has not thrown it

512
00:29:54,600 --> 00:29:57,760
Speaker 1: off schedule. Apparently this time just shut it down for

513
00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:00,040
Speaker 1: the time being, the chilling schedule. Like you said, I

514
00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:02,080
Speaker 1: think they're gonna start cranking it up sometime this winter

515
00:30:02,680 --> 00:30:04,680
Speaker 1: and then they're gonna break for Christmas and come back

516
00:30:04,720 --> 00:30:07,880
Speaker 1: and then booms. See what happened, Chuck. I propose and

517
00:30:07,880 --> 00:30:10,320
Speaker 1: I also proposed this to all of our listeners having

518
00:30:10,520 --> 00:30:14,440
Speaker 1: a big old party on the day that they do this,

519
00:30:15,240 --> 00:30:17,680
Speaker 1: because it could be our last could be. I also

520
00:30:17,680 --> 00:30:19,080
Speaker 1: want to point out that I just saw this in

521
00:30:19,120 --> 00:30:21,200
Speaker 1: the news today. One of the scientists was arrested in

522
00:30:21,280 --> 00:30:25,880
Speaker 1: France as an al Qaida suspect. Mhm. Is that weird?

523
00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:28,480
Speaker 1: And of course they're saying that this has nothing to

524
00:30:28,520 --> 00:30:31,680
Speaker 1: do with al Qaida trying to get their hands on

525
00:30:31,760 --> 00:30:34,080
Speaker 1: the LHC or anything like that. It was just kind

526
00:30:34,080 --> 00:30:35,920
Speaker 1: of one of those things. And there's I think seven

527
00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:39,240
Speaker 1: thousand scientists working on it, so you know, it's not

528
00:30:39,280 --> 00:30:41,240
Speaker 1: that big of a deal. Oh, I guess it is

529
00:30:41,280 --> 00:30:45,360
Speaker 1: for him. He's in big trouble. Yeah. So that's the LHC,

530
00:30:45,640 --> 00:30:48,760
Speaker 1: the Large hay Drown Collider yeah, and probably talk about

531
00:30:48,760 --> 00:30:50,920
Speaker 1: it again at some point in time, don't you think. Yeah,

532
00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:53,280
Speaker 1: we should follow up when it happens. If it happens,

533
00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:56,000
Speaker 1: and uh, I will probably read one of the emails

534
00:30:56,040 --> 00:30:58,400
Speaker 1: from one of the physicists that write in and let

535
00:30:58,480 --> 00:31:02,720
Speaker 1: us know how per symmetry could prove string theory, right, yeah,

536
00:31:02,840 --> 00:31:05,720
Speaker 1: I look forward to that. Yeah. So if you want

537
00:31:05,760 --> 00:31:09,280
Speaker 1: to read this article, I strongly recommend it. We didn't

538
00:31:09,320 --> 00:31:12,480
Speaker 1: cover all of it's good good article written by Strickland.

539
00:31:12,800 --> 00:31:15,080
Speaker 1: You can type in large hay drawn collider in the

540
00:31:15,120 --> 00:31:17,520
Speaker 1: search bar at how stuff works dot com and bring

541
00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:20,360
Speaker 1: your drip pan to catch the melting brain the anti

542
00:31:20,440 --> 00:31:24,080
Speaker 1: matter that it's dense and uh, I guess it is

543
00:31:24,120 --> 00:31:27,520
Speaker 1: now Chuck, it's time for a listener mail, right, yes,

544
00:31:27,560 --> 00:31:30,720
Speaker 1: it is, Josh. My favorite portion of today's show. We're

545
00:31:30,720 --> 00:31:35,640
Speaker 1: gonna call this um a response to my my admission

546
00:31:35,680 --> 00:31:39,280
Speaker 1: that Emily and I fight before every plane trip. When

547
00:31:39,320 --> 00:31:41,920
Speaker 1: I said that, so we have someone out there that

548
00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:44,360
Speaker 1: agrees that are not agrees, but it happens to her

549
00:31:44,360 --> 00:31:46,880
Speaker 1: in her husband as well. They've been married for sixteen

550
00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:49,360
Speaker 1: years and every time before we take a trip, my

551
00:31:49,440 --> 00:31:52,520
Speaker 1: husband has a major anxiety attack. And acts like a

552
00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:55,680
Speaker 1: total a hole. I know that's what it is, and

553
00:31:55,720 --> 00:31:57,800
Speaker 1: I am pretty tolerant, But until he's on the plane

554
00:31:57,840 --> 00:32:00,200
Speaker 1: or in the car, he refuses to acknowledge the reason

555
00:32:00,240 --> 00:32:03,720
Speaker 1: for his tension or even that he's particularly grouchy, which

556
00:32:03,760 --> 00:32:06,000
Speaker 1: is what I do. So a few days before we

557
00:32:06,040 --> 00:32:08,640
Speaker 1: travel are always fraught and we always end up fighting

558
00:32:08,960 --> 00:32:11,600
Speaker 1: about the only time we do fight. Once we're on

559
00:32:11,600 --> 00:32:14,640
Speaker 1: our way, he's fine. I'm still totally aggravated though, from

560
00:32:14,720 --> 00:32:17,920
Speaker 1: him being such a jerk earlier. This snivid married sixteen

561
00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:20,960
Speaker 1: years and it's not just talking. Earlier this year we

562
00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:22,800
Speaker 1: went to Chile for a month, and when I booked

563
00:32:22,800 --> 00:32:26,600
Speaker 1: the flights, I seriously considered getting separate seats. I threatened

564
00:32:26,600 --> 00:32:28,400
Speaker 1: it next time, I'm booking my flight a few days

565
00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:31,080
Speaker 1: earlier than his. Anyway, just wanted to share this so

566
00:32:31,120 --> 00:32:33,960
Speaker 1: you know you're not alone. That's night. As always, thanks

567
00:32:33,960 --> 00:32:36,640
Speaker 1: for the great podcast. The site is great in general.

568
00:32:37,480 --> 00:32:41,479
Speaker 1: Searching for unicorns linked me to some information on hardy roses,

569
00:32:41,920 --> 00:32:45,680
Speaker 1: which I had actually recently been looking for, and that

570
00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:47,680
Speaker 1: is from Anne in New York City, and A says,

571
00:32:47,720 --> 00:32:50,400
Speaker 1: as a ps, I could not find your team on Kiva.

572
00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:53,440
Speaker 1: How do I find it well, and you can find

573
00:32:53,480 --> 00:32:57,160
Speaker 1: it ask by going into the U R O bar

574
00:32:57,280 --> 00:33:01,600
Speaker 1: of your web browser and typing w w W dot Kiva,

575
00:33:01,880 --> 00:33:08,120
Speaker 1: dot org, slash team slash stuff you should know and Chuck, Uh,

576
00:33:08,160 --> 00:33:10,680
Speaker 1: there's all the more reason. By the way, I wanted

577
00:33:10,680 --> 00:33:13,480
Speaker 1: to say, I could not be prouder of our team, Chuck.

578
00:33:13,760 --> 00:33:15,960
Speaker 1: The stuff you should know Army is awesome. We're at

579
00:33:16,320 --> 00:33:21,520
Speaker 1: straight up a more, are we really? Yeah? Something like

580
00:33:21,560 --> 00:33:27,000
Speaker 1: seven d fifty members and seven loans were in four weeks.

581
00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:32,920
Speaker 1: Everybody we donated twenty thousand dollars. That's phenomenal. And Colbert

582
00:33:32,960 --> 00:33:35,360
Speaker 1: has already been left in the dust. His his his

583
00:33:35,480 --> 00:33:38,280
Speaker 1: leaky team is is donating like eight grand. I think

584
00:33:38,280 --> 00:33:40,680
Speaker 1: they might be at nine grand so far. Chuck and

585
00:33:40,760 --> 00:33:44,200
Speaker 1: I actually issued a video challenge to Mr Colbert. We did.

586
00:33:44,400 --> 00:33:46,080
Speaker 1: We want to see who can be the first two

587
00:33:46,120 --> 00:33:49,280
Speaker 1: what we decide on um a hundred thousand dollars. I

588
00:33:49,320 --> 00:33:53,320
Speaker 1: think that's a pretty pretty big undertaking, I would say,

589
00:33:53,840 --> 00:33:56,160
Speaker 1: but I think we can do it. So everybody, we

590
00:33:56,240 --> 00:33:58,800
Speaker 1: have challenged Colbert's team to see who can get to

591
00:33:59,040 --> 00:34:01,080
Speaker 1: a hundred thousand. Yeah, and you know he's ignored it

592
00:34:01,200 --> 00:34:04,320
Speaker 1: so far. So if anyone knows Mr Colbert, or if

593
00:34:04,320 --> 00:34:06,840
Speaker 1: anyone has any connection with this show or you're a fan,

594
00:34:07,560 --> 00:34:09,399
Speaker 1: go smack him on his big fat head and tell

595
00:34:09,520 --> 00:34:12,000
Speaker 1: tell him about the little challenge. Damn right, That's what

596
00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:16,480
Speaker 1: I said. So again, that's www dot kiva dot org,

597
00:34:16,680 --> 00:34:19,640
Speaker 1: slash team slash stuff you should know, And if you

598
00:34:19,680 --> 00:34:22,360
Speaker 1: have an email for Chuck or Me or Jerry or

599
00:34:22,440 --> 00:34:26,400
Speaker 1: the large Hadron Collider, you can send it to Stuff

600
00:34:26,760 --> 00:34:34,319
Speaker 1: podcast at how stuff works dot com. For more on

601
00:34:34,400 --> 00:34:36,840
Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics, is it how stuff

602
00:34:36,880 --> 00:34:40,440
Speaker 1: works dot com. Want more how stuff works, check out

603
00:34:40,440 --> 00:34:43,000
Speaker 1: our blogs on the house. Stuff works dot com home page.

604
00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:48,560
Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

605
00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:50,040
Speaker 1: It's ready, are you