1 00:00:08,680 --> 00:00:11,520 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Savor Prodiction of iHeartRadio. I'm Annie 2 00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:13,800 Speaker 1: Reese and I'm Lauren Vogelbaum, and today we have an 3 00:00:13,800 --> 00:00:19,720 Speaker 1: episode for you about star Annis. Yes, and we believe 4 00:00:19,760 --> 00:00:23,239 Speaker 1: that's the pronunciation. Yeah, star Anise. Maybe I don't know, 5 00:00:23,360 --> 00:00:29,920 Speaker 1: but since Annis other Annis is pronounced Annis, then we're 6 00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:33,640 Speaker 1: just gonna go with that. Yeah, I think that makes sense, sure, 7 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:41,639 Speaker 1: but correct as if we're incorrect. Yeah. Yeah, Oh, this 8 00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:44,559 Speaker 1: one was. It was a bit difficult in terms of 9 00:00:44,600 --> 00:00:48,720 Speaker 1: the research, but it was a fun one. Did you 10 00:00:48,800 --> 00:00:51,839 Speaker 1: have any particular reason what was on your mind? Um? 11 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:55,480 Speaker 1: I think that I've been wanting to do five spice 12 00:00:55,760 --> 00:00:58,440 Speaker 1: for a long time and that was on my mind. 13 00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:00,360 Speaker 1: And then I was like, no, not today, too much, 14 00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:03,120 Speaker 1: too much, too much, um. And then I arrived at 15 00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:08,880 Speaker 1: one of the frequent ingredients, star Annis, Yes, which I 16 00:01:08,920 --> 00:01:14,520 Speaker 1: have not used in my personal Oh really no, I 17 00:01:14,520 --> 00:01:17,600 Speaker 1: mean I've used like five spice and I've used Gara Massala, 18 00:01:17,720 --> 00:01:22,120 Speaker 1: but I haven't used star Annis. Oh yeah, I mean 19 00:01:22,160 --> 00:01:24,480 Speaker 1: I've got like a your decab Farmer's market tub of 20 00:01:24,520 --> 00:01:26,760 Speaker 1: it in my kitchen. Like I've definitely used it in 21 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:30,080 Speaker 1: mulled wine kind of application. And I think i've ground 22 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:34,399 Speaker 1: it for for spice ones. Yeah yeah, so nice, so nice? 23 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:40,839 Speaker 1: All right, Well another thing for the meal, huge, huge 24 00:01:40,880 --> 00:01:45,680 Speaker 1: banquet we're gonna have. Uh well, yes, you can see 25 00:01:45,760 --> 00:01:51,160 Speaker 1: our Annis episodes also fun if it's a big ingredient 26 00:01:51,160 --> 00:01:58,320 Speaker 1: in that um sechuan, pepper, cinnamon, cloves, masala, chi, fennel, liquorice, 27 00:01:58,400 --> 00:02:03,520 Speaker 1: it like pops up in a lot of other stories, sure, um, 28 00:02:03,560 --> 00:02:08,919 Speaker 1: a lot of other delicious, delicious stories. It doesn't. And 29 00:02:09,120 --> 00:02:11,400 Speaker 1: it's beautiful like it looks like something you'd see in 30 00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:14,680 Speaker 1: a video game, like you'd collect right. Oh gosh, it does. 31 00:02:14,800 --> 00:02:16,760 Speaker 1: Oh I didn't use that in my description, but that's 32 00:02:16,760 --> 00:02:22,200 Speaker 1: a good one. Yes, I suppose that brings us to 33 00:02:22,360 --> 00:02:31,040 Speaker 1: our question. Does star Annis what is it? Well? Uh? 34 00:02:31,200 --> 00:02:34,560 Speaker 1: Star Annis is a type of small star shaped seed 35 00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:37,760 Speaker 1: pod that is dried and used as a spice hole 36 00:02:37,919 --> 00:02:41,320 Speaker 1: or ground. It has a really lovely like like warm 37 00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:45,520 Speaker 1: and spicy flavor that involves sort of like a like 38 00:02:45,560 --> 00:02:50,359 Speaker 1: a bouquet of liquorice and clove and mint and woods 39 00:02:50,360 --> 00:02:52,920 Speaker 1: with it, with a little bit of sweetness too. It's 40 00:02:53,040 --> 00:02:56,320 Speaker 1: used a whole to flavor soups and stews and drinks. 41 00:02:56,560 --> 00:02:58,280 Speaker 1: Though you wouldn't want to eat a whole. It's sort 42 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:01,240 Speaker 1: of bark like in texture, or it can be ground 43 00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:03,640 Speaker 1: and used in all kinds of sweet and savory dishes 44 00:03:03,639 --> 00:03:08,480 Speaker 1: and drinks. It's um. It's like a more round and 45 00:03:08,600 --> 00:03:12,840 Speaker 1: soft flavored version of annis um, because Annis can be 46 00:03:12,880 --> 00:03:15,880 Speaker 1: a little bit bitter and almost pikeant sort of um. 47 00:03:16,639 --> 00:03:19,240 Speaker 1: It's it's like it's like if a It's like if 48 00:03:19,240 --> 00:03:21,920 Speaker 1: a star and in a stained glass window, or like 49 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 1: a marble carving just popped out and was just so 50 00:03:25,480 --> 00:03:30,639 Speaker 1: bright and warm and nice tasting. Um. It's like it's 51 00:03:30,680 --> 00:03:35,400 Speaker 1: like a whole season's worth of warm nights condensed into 52 00:03:35,560 --> 00:03:41,400 Speaker 1: a little star. You should have a book of poetry, Lauren, 53 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:45,200 Speaker 1: and it's just describing foods in this manner because it's beautiful. 54 00:03:48,920 --> 00:03:56,480 Speaker 1: Publishers get in touch. Yes, better, heck savor cookbook. We've 55 00:03:56,480 --> 00:03:58,200 Speaker 1: been ball and keeps saying we should do it. Maybe 56 00:03:58,200 --> 00:04:00,400 Speaker 1: we should. I don't know, yeah, I keeps saying I'm 57 00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:05,720 Speaker 1: not a cook. I know, what do you have? Ravioli 58 00:04:06,160 --> 00:04:13,640 Speaker 1: and hot sauce? There you go, which could be good? Sure, 59 00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:16,679 Speaker 1: I give it like a nerd name. Yeah, oh sure, 60 00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:19,359 Speaker 1: right right, totally, Yeah, all my recipes would just be 61 00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:22,760 Speaker 1: stews that I've substituted in carrots and celery and to 62 00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:27,040 Speaker 1: teos for onions and garlic and bell peppers. So there 63 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:29,360 Speaker 1: might be a market for that. Actually, you might mean 64 00:04:30,279 --> 00:04:38,680 Speaker 1: maybe maybe we're onto something anyway. Anyway, star annis Is 65 00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: is right unrelated to annis um. It got its name 66 00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:45,080 Speaker 1: because it has a sort of similar flavor profile and 67 00:04:45,240 --> 00:04:47,920 Speaker 1: the seed pod is a star shape um. A star 68 00:04:47,960 --> 00:04:52,039 Speaker 1: annis is actually the whole fruit of an evergreen tropical 69 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:56,360 Speaker 1: to subtropical shrub or tree. It's related to like magnolia 70 00:04:56,440 --> 00:05:00,480 Speaker 1: and bay um. If you're familiar with magnolia, the plant 71 00:05:00,520 --> 00:05:03,599 Speaker 1: does look a lot like a slightly smaller version of that, 72 00:05:03,680 --> 00:05:07,800 Speaker 1: with these broad, glossy green leaves. It'll bear sort of 73 00:05:07,880 --> 00:05:11,600 Speaker 1: spindly looking little starburst shaped flowers and white to yellow 74 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:15,320 Speaker 1: to pink to crimson, which, if pollinated, we'll develop this 75 00:05:15,440 --> 00:05:20,279 Speaker 1: kind of bulbous sort of video gamy star shaped fruit 76 00:05:20,480 --> 00:05:24,119 Speaker 1: that may be green to reddish in color. The fruit 77 00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:27,640 Speaker 1: is harvested and dried, resulting in a sort of shriveled 78 00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:30,040 Speaker 1: brown to reddish pod up to about an inch or 79 00:05:30,080 --> 00:05:33,800 Speaker 1: three centimeters across, with six to eight arms, each of 80 00:05:33,800 --> 00:05:37,719 Speaker 1: which will sort of pinch on the bottom and then 81 00:05:37,720 --> 00:05:43,080 Speaker 1: open on the top to reveal a single, smooth, oblong seed. 82 00:05:44,680 --> 00:05:47,719 Speaker 1: If you allowed the fruit to fully ripen and begin 83 00:05:47,760 --> 00:05:50,880 Speaker 1: to dry on the tree, the seeds would actually or 84 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:54,080 Speaker 1: that the pods would actually burst open and propel the 85 00:05:54,120 --> 00:06:00,479 Speaker 1: seed outward. Love this well, sounds kind of mining to me. 86 00:06:00,880 --> 00:06:06,400 Speaker 1: Very cool. Cool. I am menacing, I I it's a 87 00:06:06,400 --> 00:06:08,719 Speaker 1: little bit alieny, but I don't think it's quite as 88 00:06:08,800 --> 00:06:12,080 Speaker 1: menacing as that. Okay, I think there's a spectrum of menacing, 89 00:06:12,080 --> 00:06:17,040 Speaker 1: and this is towards the mildly yeah yeah, okay, yeah um. 90 00:06:19,200 --> 00:06:22,560 Speaker 1: Although speaking of menace, uh. I will note here that 91 00:06:22,640 --> 00:06:27,120 Speaker 1: the edible species of star Annis is a botanical name 92 00:06:27,320 --> 00:06:32,240 Speaker 1: Elysium varum, sometimes called Shinese star annis. There are other 93 00:06:32,279 --> 00:06:35,440 Speaker 1: species in the genus that are toxic when eaten, including 94 00:06:35,640 --> 00:06:39,800 Speaker 1: the botanical name Elysium anisatum. Yeah, anisatum that sounds right, um, 95 00:06:39,839 --> 00:06:43,640 Speaker 1: sometimes called Japanese star anise um. That one has been 96 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:46,240 Speaker 1: used in incense. But yeah, don't, don't. Don't eat ones 97 00:06:46,279 --> 00:06:50,719 Speaker 1: that are not Elysium varum. No, don't do it. Don't 98 00:06:50,720 --> 00:06:53,000 Speaker 1: do it. One of the few times I'll tell you 99 00:06:53,080 --> 00:06:56,200 Speaker 1: not to do something is when it's actually toxic. Um. 100 00:06:56,360 --> 00:06:59,760 Speaker 1: The whole dried pod of the edible kind of star 101 00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:04,000 Speaker 1: anna can be simmered in whatever you're simmering, or yes 102 00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:07,599 Speaker 1: ground and incorporated into recipes that way. It's oil content 103 00:07:07,640 --> 00:07:10,120 Speaker 1: can also be extracted and sold for use that that's 104 00:07:10,200 --> 00:07:12,800 Speaker 1: mostly like a commercial product and not used directly by 105 00:07:12,800 --> 00:07:18,560 Speaker 1: consumers that often. I think that in general, European cuisines 106 00:07:18,720 --> 00:07:23,440 Speaker 1: mostly use star annis in sweeter applications like to flavor 107 00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:28,440 Speaker 1: baked goods and alcoholic beverages like galiano and some gins, 108 00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:30,960 Speaker 1: maybe in mulled wine or like a flavored coffee kind 109 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:35,880 Speaker 1: of situation. Asian cuisines tend to lean more towards savory. 110 00:07:36,080 --> 00:07:39,480 Speaker 1: Perhaps it is one of the ingredients in five spice. 111 00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:43,400 Speaker 1: It shows up in soups like fuh all kinds of 112 00:07:43,400 --> 00:07:47,440 Speaker 1: other poaching and braising liquids, and in various South Asian 113 00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:51,240 Speaker 1: spice blends aka masalas. But right, it's also in chai 114 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:55,680 Speaker 1: masala and candies and baked goods, and it is furthermore 115 00:07:55,960 --> 00:07:59,760 Speaker 1: a super popular like flavor or scent in personal care 116 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:03,680 Speaker 1: products like toothpaste and motion m I feel like I 117 00:08:03,720 --> 00:08:05,480 Speaker 1: need to find some of this for you, Annie, because 118 00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:10,320 Speaker 1: you shouldn't really have meant and the sounds delightful. I agree, 119 00:08:11,080 --> 00:08:15,960 Speaker 1: No no fighting from me. I am totally into it. 120 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:21,720 Speaker 1: I did love reading from people who loved the scent 121 00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:27,360 Speaker 1: of it. They would specifically talk about kind of the scent. Yeah, 122 00:08:27,880 --> 00:08:31,840 Speaker 1: there are big fans of starness, I'll say, oh absolutely 123 00:08:32,080 --> 00:08:38,160 Speaker 1: absolutely m Although additionally, one of the chemical compounds that 124 00:08:38,200 --> 00:08:43,400 Speaker 1: it contains is um sachemic acid, which is a chemical 125 00:08:43,440 --> 00:08:48,559 Speaker 1: precursor to one of the active ingredients in tamiflu, which 126 00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:51,320 Speaker 1: is that medication that's meant to like lessen the symptoms 127 00:08:51,320 --> 00:08:56,160 Speaker 1: and length of influenza infections. Extracts of star annis have 128 00:08:56,280 --> 00:08:59,959 Speaker 1: been used for that. So yeah, yeah, yeah, it's been 129 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:04,400 Speaker 1: used for all kinds of things. Oh yeah absolutely. Mm. Well, 130 00:09:04,480 --> 00:09:09,560 Speaker 1: speaking up, what about the nutrition? You are generally not 131 00:09:09,720 --> 00:09:12,840 Speaker 1: consuming enough to make any kind of nutritive difference. Um, 132 00:09:13,600 --> 00:09:17,239 Speaker 1: but yeah, other compounds and star annis are being investigated 133 00:09:17,360 --> 00:09:21,240 Speaker 1: for various medical potentials. You know, like like cook with 134 00:09:21,280 --> 00:09:24,960 Speaker 1: it if you enjoy it, but like savor motto, like 135 00:09:24,960 --> 00:09:29,880 Speaker 1: like bodies are complicated. More researchers necessary before consuming a 136 00:09:29,960 --> 00:09:34,440 Speaker 1: medicinal amount of anything. Consult with a medical professional who 137 00:09:34,640 --> 00:09:39,040 Speaker 1: is not usum, but yeah, it's really cool. Oh man, 138 00:09:39,080 --> 00:09:40,920 Speaker 1: Like I like, I saw all kinds of research that 139 00:09:40,960 --> 00:09:44,720 Speaker 1: I was like, Lauren, no um. But I saw things 140 00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:47,200 Speaker 1: for everything like like using it as a as a 141 00:09:47,200 --> 00:09:50,520 Speaker 1: pest control, not necessarily like to kill the pests, but 142 00:09:50,600 --> 00:09:54,160 Speaker 1: to ward them off kind of, um, all the way 143 00:09:54,280 --> 00:10:01,679 Speaker 1: up to interrupting bacterial bacterial colony that are participating in 144 00:10:01,679 --> 00:10:07,280 Speaker 1: like bacterial quorum sensing or biofilm creation, so not necessarily 145 00:10:07,320 --> 00:10:10,199 Speaker 1: like killing the bacteria, but just preventing them from working 146 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:14,320 Speaker 1: together effectively. So I'm like, what, that's so great? That 147 00:10:14,520 --> 00:10:19,280 Speaker 1: is cool. Ah, that's cool anyway. Yeah, I mean there's 148 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:23,920 Speaker 1: a lot going on with Starinus. Well, we have some 149 00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:26,560 Speaker 1: numbers for you, kind of We have like one and 150 00:10:26,600 --> 00:10:31,040 Speaker 1: a half numbers. Yeah. Well the first one is China 151 00:10:31,600 --> 00:10:35,240 Speaker 1: is the largest producer. Uh huh. Vietnam comes in a 152 00:10:35,280 --> 00:10:39,360 Speaker 1: pretty distant second, but still together they produce about ninety 153 00:10:39,400 --> 00:10:43,079 Speaker 1: percent of the world's supply, which is about twenty five 154 00:10:43,480 --> 00:10:47,320 Speaker 1: tons a year just there. So a little bit over that. 155 00:10:47,640 --> 00:10:49,480 Speaker 1: I didn't do the math and I'm too lazy to 156 00:10:49,559 --> 00:10:51,600 Speaker 1: think through it right now, but a little bit more 157 00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:57,360 Speaker 1: than that. It's the global production. Yeah, yeah, yeah, and 158 00:10:57,480 --> 00:11:02,040 Speaker 1: that makes sense given the history it does. It does, yes, 159 00:11:02,160 --> 00:11:04,320 Speaker 1: which we will get into after a quick break for 160 00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:16,840 Speaker 1: a word from our sponsor, and we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes, 161 00:11:16,960 --> 00:11:22,840 Speaker 1: thank you. Um so okay. Star Annis is fairly old. 162 00:11:23,480 --> 00:11:26,720 Speaker 1: It is a type of basal angiosperm, meaning that it 163 00:11:26,840 --> 00:11:30,520 Speaker 1: is a plant that diverged from other flowering plants like 164 00:11:30,640 --> 00:11:35,120 Speaker 1: pretty early on. So so it's also botanically interesting because 165 00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:38,959 Speaker 1: it has characteristics of a lot of very different plants 166 00:11:39,080 --> 00:11:43,160 Speaker 1: that developed afterward. And researchers think that pungent oils in 167 00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:45,839 Speaker 1: plants like these developed some one hundred and fifty million 168 00:11:45,920 --> 00:11:48,920 Speaker 1: years ago or so, which is a number that makes 169 00:11:48,960 --> 00:11:51,480 Speaker 1: total sense to me. I know how to comprehend that 170 00:11:53,240 --> 00:11:57,840 Speaker 1: for meadows, like really nope, zero, that was sarcasm. Sometimes 171 00:11:57,840 --> 00:12:04,080 Speaker 1: sarcasm guy, because my sarcasm voice sounds very much like 172 00:12:04,120 --> 00:12:09,480 Speaker 1: my regular voice. Well, it's a skilled. Mark it off 173 00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:18,160 Speaker 1: as a skill. Skipping away ahead. Staranis grows natively and 174 00:12:18,240 --> 00:12:22,880 Speaker 1: Southeast Asia, China and Vietnam specifically, where it has been 175 00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:27,840 Speaker 1: used culinarily and medicinally for over three thousand years, and 176 00:12:28,040 --> 00:12:31,160 Speaker 1: people used it as a curative for all kinds of things, 177 00:12:31,200 --> 00:12:35,280 Speaker 1: particularly like cold and the symptoms associated with cold and 178 00:12:35,400 --> 00:12:39,400 Speaker 1: just general pain. Yeah. Yeah. In traditional Chinese medicine, it's 179 00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:44,840 Speaker 1: considered a warming agent. So yeah, right, And the tree 180 00:12:44,960 --> 00:12:48,200 Speaker 1: was prized in some cultures. I read that it was 181 00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:51,960 Speaker 1: often planted near tombs and temples in Japan, for instance, 182 00:12:52,520 --> 00:12:55,600 Speaker 1: where it was also used medicinally. That's kind of a 183 00:12:55,600 --> 00:12:58,520 Speaker 1: common thread throughout this. I also read in some places 184 00:12:58,559 --> 00:13:02,960 Speaker 1: that in Chinese culture or finding an eight points pause 185 00:13:04,120 --> 00:13:08,880 Speaker 1: of Starnas was huge as lucky. Okay, I would love 186 00:13:08,880 --> 00:13:12,880 Speaker 1: if someone could write in to confirm that. In some places, 187 00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:14,840 Speaker 1: I even read that it was so highly valued it 188 00:13:14,880 --> 00:13:17,400 Speaker 1: was used to pay off war reparations in China in 189 00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:22,080 Speaker 1: nine hundred and seventy CE, So it was, it was prized, Yeah, 190 00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:26,960 Speaker 1: it was loved. Yes. It spread along trade routes to 191 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:30,200 Speaker 1: the rest of Asia, to the Middle East, where it 192 00:13:30,200 --> 00:13:32,640 Speaker 1: eventually wound up in all kinds of dishes and spice 193 00:13:32,679 --> 00:13:38,040 Speaker 1: mixes like curry soups, teas, rice dishes, drinks, all kinds 194 00:13:38,040 --> 00:13:42,679 Speaker 1: of things, sometimes even as a substitute for annis, especially 195 00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:45,800 Speaker 1: in commercial drinks. That kind of happened a little bit later. 196 00:13:45,840 --> 00:13:52,520 Speaker 1: But yeah, okay, separate episode. But Garamasala is believed to 197 00:13:52,520 --> 00:13:58,040 Speaker 1: have originated in northern India in the thirteenth century. Meanwhile, 198 00:13:58,960 --> 00:14:05,240 Speaker 1: Chinese five Oh my gosh, I read it could go 199 00:14:05,440 --> 00:14:09,080 Speaker 1: as far back as the fourth century BC in southern China, 200 00:14:09,120 --> 00:14:13,680 Speaker 1: which is another separate episode. But like wreath perusal that 201 00:14:13,760 --> 00:14:18,400 Speaker 1: I did, fascinating. Oh yeah, oh yeah, um, just just 202 00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:21,920 Speaker 1: little little tidbit from that. It's not called five spice 203 00:14:21,920 --> 00:14:25,440 Speaker 1: because it contains literally five spices. It's called that because 204 00:14:25,440 --> 00:14:32,120 Speaker 1: it is balancing five elements of flavor. Right, So yeah, 205 00:14:32,200 --> 00:14:35,000 Speaker 1: so it goes I think stuff to blow your mind. 206 00:14:35,120 --> 00:14:39,040 Speaker 1: Did an episode on it back in the day. Fascinating history, okay, 207 00:14:39,080 --> 00:14:46,880 Speaker 1: but but anyway to continue, Yes, yes, when star ennis 208 00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:50,360 Speaker 1: was introduced to Europe in the sixteenth or seventeenth century, 209 00:14:50,360 --> 00:14:52,840 Speaker 1: I saw a couple of dates. Um, it was added 210 00:14:52,880 --> 00:14:57,520 Speaker 1: to a wide variety of items, especially baked goods, jams 211 00:14:57,640 --> 00:15:01,440 Speaker 1: liqueurs Europeans did. I'd use it medicinally as well, for 212 00:15:01,520 --> 00:15:03,480 Speaker 1: things like colic and babies. That was one of the 213 00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:08,479 Speaker 1: big ones. Stomach inflammation as a sedative, as an analgesic. 214 00:15:08,880 --> 00:15:12,080 Speaker 1: The list goes on and on and on, and then 215 00:15:12,120 --> 00:15:16,200 Speaker 1: it traveled along Tea roots through Russia to get to Russia, 216 00:15:16,760 --> 00:15:21,040 Speaker 1: where it was allegedly added to tea on the Star's court. Okay, 217 00:15:21,400 --> 00:15:24,040 Speaker 1: all right, it sounds like it's a great ingredient. T 218 00:15:24,440 --> 00:15:27,960 Speaker 1: so h. There is a popular story that I could 219 00:15:28,040 --> 00:15:34,680 Speaker 1: not verify, but popularly told that Englishman Sir Thomas Cavendish 220 00:15:35,320 --> 00:15:40,840 Speaker 1: of Banana Fame Banana Fame, introduced this spice from the 221 00:15:40,840 --> 00:15:45,280 Speaker 1: Philippines to Europe in fifteen eighty eight ish the date varies, 222 00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:49,000 Speaker 1: and because of this, that's where many Europeans believed that 223 00:15:49,080 --> 00:15:53,400 Speaker 1: star Annis came. They thought it came from the Philippines. Yeah, 224 00:15:53,440 --> 00:15:55,600 Speaker 1: I read that a lot too, but I didn't look 225 00:15:55,640 --> 00:15:57,720 Speaker 1: into it, to be honest. So if you if you 226 00:15:57,760 --> 00:16:00,800 Speaker 1: say that you couldn't find evidence, then yeah, I couldn't 227 00:16:00,840 --> 00:16:06,360 Speaker 1: find it more than like fun fact right things. But anyway, 228 00:16:07,760 --> 00:16:12,080 Speaker 1: beginning in the eighteen hundreds, French colonizers in Vietnam aware 229 00:16:12,080 --> 00:16:15,440 Speaker 1: growing starranis was essential to the livelihood of so many 230 00:16:16,080 --> 00:16:18,080 Speaker 1: And yes, this is one of the reasons why I 231 00:16:18,160 --> 00:16:24,920 Speaker 1: ended up in fuh They started exporting starinis oil while 232 00:16:25,040 --> 00:16:29,080 Speaker 1: China exported their own oil out of Hong Kong. So 233 00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:31,520 Speaker 1: this was kind of a big big thing at the time. 234 00:16:32,520 --> 00:16:37,240 Speaker 1: Jumping ahead to the early two thousands, the demand for 235 00:16:37,560 --> 00:16:43,040 Speaker 1: star Annis exploded when pharmaceutical giant Roche started buying up 236 00:16:43,160 --> 00:16:47,040 Speaker 1: like ninety percent of the global yield of star annis 237 00:16:47,160 --> 00:16:53,280 Speaker 1: in order to produce tamiflum. However, that boom lasted less 238 00:16:53,280 --> 00:16:57,440 Speaker 1: than a decade before Roche developed this this genetically modified 239 00:16:57,680 --> 00:17:01,760 Speaker 1: bacterial culture that could produce um shaki MC acid at 240 00:17:01,800 --> 00:17:06,440 Speaker 1: like scale um cheaply in labs without needing to buy 241 00:17:06,680 --> 00:17:13,520 Speaker 1: and process this barky, weird star shaped thing, which I 242 00:17:13,560 --> 00:17:16,440 Speaker 1: guess was great for Roche but um but really caused 243 00:17:16,440 --> 00:17:19,679 Speaker 1: some turmoil and especially some of the small farming communities 244 00:17:19,680 --> 00:17:25,600 Speaker 1: in Vietnam that we're producing it. Mmmm. It is fascinating 245 00:17:25,640 --> 00:17:31,040 Speaker 1: though that it was used yeah for that Yeah. And 246 00:17:31,080 --> 00:17:34,600 Speaker 1: then because I did struggle to find a lot of 247 00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:36,399 Speaker 1: information on this one, or at least I didn't find 248 00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:38,480 Speaker 1: as much as I wanted to. One thing that kept 249 00:17:38,520 --> 00:17:43,840 Speaker 1: popping up was like, you've seen it in your holiday punches, huh, 250 00:17:43,880 --> 00:17:45,919 Speaker 1: which is true, you see it as kind of I 251 00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:49,680 Speaker 1: have seen it as kind of decor in holiday punches. 252 00:17:50,400 --> 00:17:54,520 Speaker 1: So I looked into that, um and from what I 253 00:17:54,560 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: can tell, recipes for these punch bowls that had star 254 00:17:58,680 --> 00:18:02,359 Speaker 1: innis as kind of a decor item plus a flavoring item, 255 00:18:02,400 --> 00:18:05,919 Speaker 1: but kind of more for decor started popping up in 256 00:18:06,080 --> 00:18:09,800 Speaker 1: Google in the mid twenty tens, like twenty fifteen. Okay, 257 00:18:11,280 --> 00:18:13,360 Speaker 1: not to say they weren't being made before then, but 258 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:19,639 Speaker 1: that's when most of the recipes I found were then. 259 00:18:19,760 --> 00:18:21,960 Speaker 1: Word on. I feel like that was sort of the 260 00:18:22,280 --> 00:18:25,320 Speaker 1: the resurgence of the punch bowl. Yeah, you know, kind 261 00:18:25,320 --> 00:18:28,320 Speaker 1: of going back to the to the vintage mid century 262 00:18:28,440 --> 00:18:35,159 Speaker 1: sort of punch bowl. But yeah, yeah, yeah, I mean 263 00:18:35,200 --> 00:18:36,600 Speaker 1: that was a part of a lot of articles I 264 00:18:36,600 --> 00:18:40,440 Speaker 1: found too that was like, hey, Americans, if you don't 265 00:18:40,520 --> 00:18:43,640 Speaker 1: know what this is, you can use it for more. 266 00:18:46,119 --> 00:18:48,760 Speaker 1: It's for all these other things, not just a decoration. 267 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:51,480 Speaker 1: It tastes good, you could use it for that. I 268 00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:57,480 Speaker 1: don't know. Yeah. So uh, Like I said, I had 269 00:18:57,480 --> 00:18:59,920 Speaker 1: trouble kind of finding as. I didn't find us my 270 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:02,720 Speaker 1: as I wanted to for this one. So listeners, if 271 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:07,919 Speaker 1: you have any information, would love to hear from you. Yeah, 272 00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:12,040 Speaker 1: as always, But I think that's what we have to 273 00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:15,359 Speaker 1: say about this for now. Yes, I think it is. 274 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:17,600 Speaker 1: We do have some listener mail for you, though, and 275 00:19:17,640 --> 00:19:19,040 Speaker 1: we are going to get into that as soon as 276 00:19:19,040 --> 00:19:20,800 Speaker 1: we get back from a quick break forward from our 277 00:19:20,840 --> 00:19:32,600 Speaker 1: sponsors and we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes, thank you, 278 00:19:33,119 --> 00:19:44,119 Speaker 1: and we're back with the Shooting Star. Oh I love 279 00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:50,639 Speaker 1: a shooting Star. Jan wrote, thanks so much for the 280 00:19:50,680 --> 00:19:55,200 Speaker 1: Coleslaw episode. My family, being Hungarian, basically inhaled the stuff. 281 00:19:55,640 --> 00:19:59,119 Speaker 1: Having a German grandparents from the Midwest on my father's side, 282 00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:03,800 Speaker 1: we also lima beans often well. My mother, bless her 283 00:20:03,800 --> 00:20:06,320 Speaker 1: heart in the Southern way, she's not a great cook 284 00:20:08,359 --> 00:20:12,320 Speaker 1: of mixing the two together. We'd humor her if the 285 00:20:12,400 --> 00:20:16,959 Speaker 1: result was okay, and this one was so here goes. 286 00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:20,760 Speaker 1: Any vinegar based coal saw recipe can be escalated to 287 00:20:20,800 --> 00:20:25,200 Speaker 1: heaven by simmering frozen lima beans in the dressing prior 288 00:20:25,320 --> 00:20:28,720 Speaker 1: to pouring the dressing over the coal slaw and refrigerating. 289 00:20:29,520 --> 00:20:32,720 Speaker 1: So make the coal slaw as per normal, except add 290 00:20:32,720 --> 00:20:35,800 Speaker 1: frozen lima beans to the vinegar based dressing while simmering. 291 00:20:36,119 --> 00:20:41,760 Speaker 1: Then pour the entire thing with beans over the coal saw, toss, refrigerate, 292 00:20:41,880 --> 00:20:46,120 Speaker 1: and joy twenty four hours later. One stipulation, the coal 293 00:20:46,160 --> 00:20:49,840 Speaker 1: saw must have purple onions for this to work, and 294 00:20:50,040 --> 00:20:54,120 Speaker 1: not just with lima beans, but with any vinegar based recipe. 295 00:20:54,480 --> 00:20:57,960 Speaker 1: I'm not polite like Lauren Is. I'll tell you how 296 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:01,439 Speaker 1: to do it the right way. This is my favorite 297 00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:05,119 Speaker 1: savorite episode hack so far. What other favorite episodes have 298 00:21:05,200 --> 00:21:09,560 Speaker 1: you thought of hacking together? Oh? Oh, that's a good question, right, 299 00:21:12,040 --> 00:21:14,440 Speaker 1: I'll have to think about it, I do. First of all, 300 00:21:14,440 --> 00:21:17,760 Speaker 1: I want to try this. Um. It sounds very very 301 00:21:17,760 --> 00:21:23,040 Speaker 1: good to me. I feel like a lot of the 302 00:21:23,680 --> 00:21:28,760 Speaker 1: hacks that I've come up with have been listener suggestions, 303 00:21:29,400 --> 00:21:31,320 Speaker 1: like I haven't come up with them honestly, Like the 304 00:21:32,119 --> 00:21:36,080 Speaker 1: um I've been making that fancy ravioli where I kind 305 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:43,000 Speaker 1: of add basil basil to it, and that's kind of 306 00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:45,920 Speaker 1: a hack that I love. But mostly it's been kind 307 00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:49,320 Speaker 1: of pandemic based and whatever suggestions you all send in 308 00:21:49,960 --> 00:21:53,760 Speaker 1: whatever is like in my whatever I have in my 309 00:21:53,800 --> 00:21:57,240 Speaker 1: bantry and my refrigerator, I will try it. I'm like 310 00:21:57,280 --> 00:22:02,000 Speaker 1: a mad scientist nowadays, like yeah, right, Like, well I've 311 00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:06,600 Speaker 1: gotten this, let's see if it works. Yeah, yeah, sure. Um, 312 00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:09,600 Speaker 1: I can't think of anything from prior episodes. I would 313 00:22:09,640 --> 00:22:11,480 Speaker 1: have to look like we say all the time, I 314 00:22:11,520 --> 00:22:14,120 Speaker 1: have no idea what episodes we've done. Um, but uh, 315 00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:18,120 Speaker 1: I guess I guess my favorite like slightly like hum 316 00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:21,600 Speaker 1: pairing um is for like a really simple lunch. I 317 00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:24,480 Speaker 1: love just heating up some some plain rice and then 318 00:22:24,480 --> 00:22:28,760 Speaker 1: topping it with like half an avocado, um, and topping 319 00:22:28,840 --> 00:22:36,240 Speaker 1: that with furry kake. Oh yeah yeah, so good, so good. Um. 320 00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:38,600 Speaker 1: And we have done and we did an episode in fodykake. 321 00:22:38,720 --> 00:22:41,920 Speaker 1: I think, yeah, yeah, not on avocado yet, because avocado 322 00:22:42,119 --> 00:22:45,360 Speaker 1: is comp whole thing. It's gonna be a whole hecken thing, 323 00:22:45,760 --> 00:22:50,040 Speaker 1: like the Mafia ties alone alone. M I guess mom, 324 00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:54,720 Speaker 1: I should say not Maffia specifically, but anyway, m hmm. Yeah. 325 00:22:54,760 --> 00:22:56,680 Speaker 1: But I do love I do love those things where 326 00:22:56,680 --> 00:22:58,480 Speaker 1: it's kind of like, you know, what, what do I have? 327 00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:02,120 Speaker 1: Let's put it together, Let's see what happens. Yeah. I've 328 00:23:02,160 --> 00:23:05,679 Speaker 1: done that a lot with Raman. Oh sure, yeah. There 329 00:23:05,880 --> 00:23:10,520 Speaker 1: plenty of things where you're just like, well, let's see it. 330 00:23:10,680 --> 00:23:18,960 Speaker 1: I don't know yeay, Eric or Eric, they still have 331 00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:22,880 Speaker 1: not given us a pronunciation. Wrote still working on catching up, 332 00:23:23,200 --> 00:23:26,880 Speaker 1: but I'm up to June of last year, so hopefully soon. Anyway, 333 00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:29,240 Speaker 1: threw some notes down that may have already been covered 334 00:23:29,240 --> 00:23:31,720 Speaker 1: in What I Haven't heard yet, but dropping them in 335 00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:37,080 Speaker 1: any way soda tastings hit Grandpa Joe's here in Pittsburgh, 336 00:23:37,080 --> 00:23:39,600 Speaker 1: and they have opened a bunch more A strip district 337 00:23:39,720 --> 00:23:43,560 Speaker 1: was the original two hundred and fifty plus different sodas 338 00:23:44,119 --> 00:23:47,720 Speaker 1: in addition to all kinds of candy. Someone mentioned a 339 00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:50,200 Speaker 1: shop out in California, but it looks like Grandpa Joe's 340 00:23:50,240 --> 00:23:53,000 Speaker 1: has opened a store in Florida as well. This is 341 00:23:53,040 --> 00:23:54,879 Speaker 1: a store where I always have to go in with 342 00:23:54,920 --> 00:24:00,639 Speaker 1: a preset limit or I will just go overboard earners. 343 00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:03,800 Speaker 1: I loved it until they had to make a change 344 00:24:03,880 --> 00:24:06,840 Speaker 1: back in nineteen ninety one. It was originally sweetened with 345 00:24:06,920 --> 00:24:10,960 Speaker 1: Stevia until the FDA bandit heck and sugar companies. Big 346 00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:13,479 Speaker 1: Sugar always feels threatened until they can find a way 347 00:24:13,520 --> 00:24:17,359 Speaker 1: into the game. All things Coffee. Would love a general 348 00:24:17,440 --> 00:24:20,159 Speaker 1: revisit on coffee, especially if you can set up to 349 00:24:20,200 --> 00:24:24,360 Speaker 1: talk to James Hoffman. He's an absolute wealth of knowledge 350 00:24:24,359 --> 00:24:26,920 Speaker 1: and also tends to just get geeky and nerd out 351 00:24:26,960 --> 00:24:29,280 Speaker 1: on coffee stuff, so it would fit right in. What 352 00:24:29,359 --> 00:24:31,359 Speaker 1: I love about James is that his goal is to 353 00:24:31,400 --> 00:24:33,600 Speaker 1: just try and get you the best cup of coffee. 354 00:24:34,160 --> 00:24:37,000 Speaker 1: He knows everyone has different tastes, and he's just trying 355 00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:38,720 Speaker 1: to lead you in a direction that can help make 356 00:24:38,720 --> 00:24:43,960 Speaker 1: it better. Cast iron. I love my cast iron stuff. 357 00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:46,439 Speaker 1: It is always interesting to see what people recommend on 358 00:24:46,560 --> 00:24:48,760 Speaker 1: taking care of it. I think it really comes down 359 00:24:48,840 --> 00:24:51,600 Speaker 1: to reading everything out there and making a decision that 360 00:24:51,640 --> 00:24:54,680 Speaker 1: fits your needs. They are durable and I would put 361 00:24:54,720 --> 00:24:57,119 Speaker 1: it at a mix of low and high maintenance. I 362 00:24:57,160 --> 00:24:59,680 Speaker 1: think the real key is being consistent in using and 363 00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:03,160 Speaker 1: may taining. Don't ever let it soak and water always dry, etc. 364 00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:08,600 Speaker 1: Lima beans, Yes, I finally broke down and got some 365 00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:13,080 Speaker 1: cool Lima bean connection. Okay, continuing, they had frozen baby 366 00:25:13,119 --> 00:25:15,760 Speaker 1: Lima beans at the store. Was making a shrimp boil 367 00:25:15,880 --> 00:25:17,520 Speaker 1: and figured that would be a good way to test 368 00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:20,080 Speaker 1: based on your recommendation. I threw them in so that 369 00:25:20,119 --> 00:25:22,199 Speaker 1: they would be about a minute or so less than 370 00:25:22,240 --> 00:25:25,560 Speaker 1: the time recommended. Combined with everything else, they were enjoyable, 371 00:25:26,160 --> 00:25:30,760 Speaker 1: not bitter. Nice bite to them. Thank you on that induction, 372 00:25:31,520 --> 00:25:33,800 Speaker 1: considering I'm still behind. You may have covered this already, 373 00:25:33,880 --> 00:25:36,000 Speaker 1: but the one listener mail mentioned that the cast iron 374 00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:39,119 Speaker 1: was heating much faster than on the old gas. That 375 00:25:39,240 --> 00:25:42,359 Speaker 1: is expected from what I read, due to efficiency. One 376 00:25:42,440 --> 00:25:45,720 Speaker 1: article I read showed gas cooktops are about forty percent efficient, 377 00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:49,760 Speaker 1: electric coil and standard smooth top electric cooktops are about 378 00:25:49,800 --> 00:25:54,200 Speaker 1: seventy four percent efficient, and induction cooktops are ninety percent efficient. 379 00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:57,200 Speaker 1: When we have to replace our current electric, I do 380 00:25:57,359 --> 00:25:59,760 Speaker 1: want to go induction. All of our pots and pans 381 00:25:59,800 --> 00:26:01,720 Speaker 1: will work, so I don't have to worry about that. 382 00:26:02,400 --> 00:26:04,560 Speaker 1: If I ever get back down to Atlanta, I'd love 383 00:26:04,600 --> 00:26:06,399 Speaker 1: to buy you and your crew a coffee or a 384 00:26:06,440 --> 00:26:11,000 Speaker 1: beer yeast booh. The same applies if you get to Pittsburgh. 385 00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:13,119 Speaker 1: We can hit a shop in the Strip district for both. 386 00:26:13,760 --> 00:26:16,119 Speaker 1: Keep up the Enjoyable podcast. I love the puns and 387 00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:18,800 Speaker 1: the general zaniness. The D and D stuff is fun. 388 00:26:19,040 --> 00:26:21,280 Speaker 1: I haven't played in almost thirty five years. Yes, with 389 00:26:21,480 --> 00:26:24,720 Speaker 1: thirty four thirty five. I was an eighties first edition 390 00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:27,520 Speaker 1: player back in the day. So that and my gray 391 00:26:27,560 --> 00:26:34,080 Speaker 1: hair reveal a little bit. Oh that's cool though, Oh 392 00:26:34,160 --> 00:26:38,719 Speaker 1: that is so cool. Yeah yeah. Also thanks for zaniness. 393 00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:41,560 Speaker 1: That makes me feel like an animaniac. I like, ooh, 394 00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:43,919 Speaker 1: we are a little bit zany. I would say, we 395 00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:50,520 Speaker 1: are sure for sure. Yes, I'm glad you enjoyed your 396 00:26:50,560 --> 00:26:54,320 Speaker 1: Lima bean dish. I was like embarrassingly worried about it. 397 00:26:54,359 --> 00:27:01,359 Speaker 1: I wanted it to work out for you. Yeah, we 398 00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:05,760 Speaker 1: just want people to love things. Yeah. Absolutely, gosh, two 399 00:27:05,880 --> 00:27:10,120 Speaker 1: hundred and fifty different kinds of sodas. Yeah, that's overwhelming. 400 00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:13,760 Speaker 1: I'm into it, but overwhelmed by Yeah. Yeah, I would 401 00:27:13,880 --> 00:27:16,080 Speaker 1: need to take that in. Like, I think it would 402 00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:17,679 Speaker 1: be one of the places where it would be like, Okay, 403 00:27:17,720 --> 00:27:20,119 Speaker 1: I can look at this shelf today and I'll have 404 00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:23,679 Speaker 1: to come back for the rest of the store. Yeah yeah, yeah, 405 00:27:23,760 --> 00:27:25,600 Speaker 1: that makes sense. I can see that where we just 406 00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:31,320 Speaker 1: spend a whole day on one shelf talking. I think 407 00:27:31,320 --> 00:27:32,560 Speaker 1: we could work it out. But it would be a 408 00:27:32,640 --> 00:27:35,640 Speaker 1: multi day it would it would oh man, I would 409 00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:39,960 Speaker 1: be on such a sugar high. It would be terrifying. Yes, yes, 410 00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:43,000 Speaker 1: but speaking of you do know we love we love 411 00:27:43,040 --> 00:27:47,440 Speaker 1: coffee around here, so oh yeah, coffee revisit certainly within 412 00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:49,520 Speaker 1: the realm of possibility. Oh yeah, yeah. Well, and there's 413 00:27:49,520 --> 00:27:51,000 Speaker 1: so much more to talk about, right, I mean, like, 414 00:27:51,040 --> 00:27:53,440 Speaker 1: you know, like we talked about a lot, but just 415 00:27:53,520 --> 00:27:58,040 Speaker 1: all of the all of the different preparations and and 416 00:27:58,160 --> 00:28:02,680 Speaker 1: flavors that you can get out of it our so fascinating. Yes, yes, 417 00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:06,560 Speaker 1: it's yes. I also love when people have these specific 418 00:28:06,680 --> 00:28:09,800 Speaker 1: like I liked it until they changed it at this day, right, 419 00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:14,359 Speaker 1: I love that. That's so good. And thanks for the 420 00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:18,040 Speaker 1: induction cast iron Notes, that's always been fun, and for 421 00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:20,240 Speaker 1: the invite. If we ever get to Pittsburgh, we we 422 00:28:20,280 --> 00:28:24,680 Speaker 1: gotta we gotta plan a whole like road trip. Yeah 423 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:28,800 Speaker 1: at this point, multi country tour. Oh, I'm into it. 424 00:28:29,600 --> 00:28:34,359 Speaker 1: It's gonna be all lot, but I'm into it. Yes, yes, Well, 425 00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:38,200 Speaker 1: thank you so much to both of these listeners for 426 00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:39,960 Speaker 1: writing in. If you would like to write to us, 427 00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:42,680 Speaker 1: you can our emails Hello at saberpod dot com. Oh, 428 00:28:42,720 --> 00:28:44,960 Speaker 1: we are also on social media. You can find us 429 00:28:45,000 --> 00:28:48,840 Speaker 1: on Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram at saber pod and we 430 00:28:48,920 --> 00:28:51,280 Speaker 1: do hope to hear from you. Saber is a production 431 00:28:51,320 --> 00:28:54,000 Speaker 1: of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from my Heart Radio, you 432 00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:57,680 Speaker 1: can visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 433 00:28:57,720 --> 00:29:01,280 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows. Thanks always to our superproducers 434 00:29:01,400 --> 00:29:04,080 Speaker 1: Dylan Pagan and Andrew Howard. Thanks to you for listening, 435 00:29:04,120 --> 00:29:05,840 Speaker 1: and we hope that lots more good things are coming 436 00:29:05,920 --> 00:29:08,040 Speaker 1: your way