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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know

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Speaker 1: from house Stuff Works dot com. Hey, welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark. With me is always this Charles W.

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Speaker 1: Chucker Bryant and uh that makes this stuff you should know?

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Speaker 1: Is your seat? Okay, Frank, the chair is letting me

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Speaker 1: down again. Yeah, he'll do that. Cher he recently fell

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Speaker 1: in with a bad crowd and I do too, from

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Speaker 1: the way he's making me said, So I'll just I'll

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Speaker 1: lean forward. He's become unreliable. Who is it that messes

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Speaker 1: with him? I don't know. Somebody who has no idea

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Speaker 1: how to sit in a chair properly. That's how you

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Speaker 1: need to get next, not just your own mic cover,

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Speaker 1: but your own chair. Yeah. I think it's a strickling

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Speaker 1: guy from tech stuff. It would be very cool as

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Speaker 1: if you had it lower down from the ceiling like

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Speaker 1: it was stored up there, and then hang like the

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Speaker 1: sort of damocles over everybody else's head while they were recording.

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Speaker 1: We'll look into that, Chuck. Have you ever heard of

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Speaker 1: a little place called the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Yeah, okay,

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Speaker 1: go eggheads. UM. So M I T is like the hotbed,

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Speaker 1: the center of the linguistics field, among many other fields

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Speaker 1: I didn't know. Yeah. Um Noam Chomsky is there. UM.

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Speaker 1: And there's another guy whose name escapes me right now,

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Speaker 1: but he recently made some headlines because he, I guess,

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Speaker 1: got a grant and had his house wired with fish

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Speaker 1: I cameras in every room with really high tech audio

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Speaker 1: equipment to and from the moment his newborn son came

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Speaker 1: home to the age of five. This guy recorded ninety

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Speaker 1: thousand hours the whole five years of this kid's life. UM,

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Speaker 1: in an effort to see how language acquisition develops in children.

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Speaker 1: That's pretty cool, and this child specifically, it is very cool.

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Speaker 1: There's a really clumsily titled UM Fast Company article called

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Speaker 1: M I T. Scientists captures ninety thousand hours of video

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Speaker 1: of his son's first words Comma, grafs it, comma what

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Speaker 1: graphs it? He and then he grafts it. Yeah. The

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Speaker 1: editor was like, I'm going home, yeah exactly so UM.

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Speaker 1: But anyway, there's some video and some audio clips in

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Speaker 1: there where you can hear like this condensed like over

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Speaker 1: five years or over like a six month period. Or

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Speaker 1: something like that. That's like the kid going from like

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Speaker 1: gaga to water and you can hear it like evolve. Interesting.

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Speaker 1: Did they learn anything from that? I don't know if

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Speaker 1: they have quite yet. And plus I mean like this

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Speaker 1: is one child, but it's at the very least very

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Speaker 1: very interesting. Um. But the the idea that you can

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Speaker 1: learn something about the evolution of language and human beings

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Speaker 1: from language acquisition and children is a hotly contested idea. UM,

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Speaker 1: you wrote what I think is a very fine article. Thanks.

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Speaker 1: You did a good job with this. How did language evolve?

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Speaker 1: It was shorty you were talking about, though not how

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Speaker 1: we acquire language skills as as um kids, but as

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Speaker 1: a species. How did humans acquire language? Because we're the

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Speaker 1: only ones that can say things like this, But you

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Speaker 1: go to great lens to point out that we're not

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Speaker 1: the only ones that communicate. True, I wouldn't say great

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Speaker 1: links that sort of al It was like two or

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Speaker 1: three sentences, Sure animals communicate. Well, no, it is. It

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Speaker 1: is very true, and I think it was a good

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Speaker 1: thing to start off with because humans can often be

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Speaker 1: very um homocentric. You know, so you say birds chirp,

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Speaker 1: porpoises go right, Yeah, uh, there are community. We're the

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Speaker 1: only ones who converbialize. That's right, right, Yes, we talk words.

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Speaker 1: And we don't know exactly how this evolved for sure, because, um,

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Speaker 1: there's a problem when it comes to things like evolution.

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Speaker 1: There's not a ton of evidence. A lot of times

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Speaker 1: like hard evidence. Um, I read this one guy's paper.

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Speaker 1: There's a lot of papers on this. Yeah, this is

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Speaker 1: a really First of all, I want you to just

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Speaker 1: be very quiet. Do you hear that off in the

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Speaker 1: business the explosion? Yes, we're standing in the midst of

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Speaker 1: a mine field. Linguistics is a mine field, and they

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Speaker 1: love like linguistics. People really love language and talking about

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Speaker 1: it like and putting down people who disagree with them.

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Speaker 1: So we should tread lightly here, we should. Um. But

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Speaker 1: one guy's paper that I read today meets some university paper.

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Speaker 1: He said that ideally, if we're going to study something

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Speaker 1: like these neurological changes that happened in the brain, we

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Speaker 1: would have, um, a large number of petrified whole brains

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Speaker 1: representing lots of species over lots of time. But we

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Speaker 1: don't have that. Unfortunately, they're big gaps. Uh. And even

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Speaker 1: even even not taking into account gaps, we don't have

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Speaker 1: fossilized brains. Yeah, the closest thing we have is a

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Speaker 1: fossilized skull, which we can analyze and be like, well,

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Speaker 1: there is kind of room for a big enough brain

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Speaker 1: maybe for language. Yeah, what's that called cranial indocasting? I

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Speaker 1: think so, Um, that's a that's a good term for it.

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Speaker 1: And people won't even know if I'm wrong. Um. What

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Speaker 1: they do have a little bit of evidence on is

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Speaker 1: that the shape of our vocal tract um wasn't until

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Speaker 1: about a hundred thousand years ago, wasn't able to even

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Speaker 1: able to make um, the vocalizations of the modern speech sounds.

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Speaker 1: So it wasn't even possible, Although that doesn't necessarily mean

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Speaker 1: there wasn't language, because it just could have been a

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Speaker 1: much more primitive version of what evolved of grunts. Yeah, exactly,

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Speaker 1: and I did see someone. Even though that's all this

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Speaker 1: was poo pooed by most people. Uh, some people think

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Speaker 1: that spoken language of all from sign language, and that

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Speaker 1: our modern gestures are holdover from that, which I thought

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Speaker 1: was interesting, but most people go, now that's not true. Um.

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Speaker 1: I ran into another one. And what you're talking about, um,

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Speaker 1: for everybody listening, is called a proto language, and evidence

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Speaker 1: of a proto language supports one theory, which we'll talk

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Speaker 1: about in a minute. But um, one idea for proto

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Speaker 1: language is that we started talking using on a monopeia,

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Speaker 1: which would make snap crackling pop like the oldest words

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Speaker 1: on earth, you know. Um. But well, I guess we

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Speaker 1: should probably get into it now, Like what are there

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Speaker 1: basically two competing theories for how we whire the language

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Speaker 1: as a species? Right? Yeah? And I like both of them.

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Speaker 1: I noticed at the end You're like, why can't we

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Speaker 1: all just get along as far as linguistics go? Because

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Speaker 1: I'm not a linguist, and so I'm not gonna sit

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Speaker 1: here and poople and argue um because I'm not smart enough.

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Speaker 1: I don't know enough about it. But the first Josh

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Speaker 1: is um that we adapted to survive, so we learned

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Speaker 1: how to speak. Then that's kind of the simplest way

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Speaker 1: to say it. Um. The example I gave in here

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Speaker 1: is uh. And then we'll talk about who you know,

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Speaker 1: who are the leaders in this whole category that believed this?

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Speaker 1: But uh took took's hunting on the range on the

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Speaker 1: plains in the Savannah, and took took um thunder scares

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Speaker 1: away the deer, so Took Took goes hungry. So then

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Speaker 1: later on Took took his already maybe learned to grunt

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Speaker 1: about like the deer being being nearby to his buddy.

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Speaker 1: Who's his friend? Did we name every name my friend?

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Speaker 1: Oh more Morty. Yeah, so he's already learned how to

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Speaker 1: tell Morty that deer nearby, so shut up, right, because

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Speaker 1: Morty talks incessantly. Uh So, now all of a sudden,

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Speaker 1: he learns that thunder and bad weather might scare deer away,

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Speaker 1: so he goes hungry. So he learns now, I've got

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Speaker 1: to learn like what bad weather looks like coming in

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Speaker 1: and how to tell Morty, hey, pick up the paste, dude,

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Speaker 1: because bad weather is coming and we don't want to

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Speaker 1: go hungry again. So that was just one of the

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Speaker 1: stepping stones in evolving speech, right, And it is kind

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Speaker 1: of like, um, the the idea behind it is that

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Speaker 1: the speech evolved out of the combinations of these things,

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Speaker 1: like you're saying, yeah, so you put them together and

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Speaker 1: all of a sudden, huh that makes a lot of sense.

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Speaker 1: I'm able to describe some larger portion of the world

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Speaker 1: around us. Yeah, And that's got more complex. The language

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Speaker 1: had to like as they learn more things, right, like

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Speaker 1: we settled down and sure culture would have had like

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Speaker 1: a you jimpact on something like that. Yeah, and keeping

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Speaker 1: children alive apparently, like once we settled in villages, A

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Speaker 1: lot of people think that language really took a leap

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Speaker 1: forward because we had to, you know, keep the species

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Speaker 1: alive by protecting the kids. Um. I guess also the

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Speaker 1: idea that you could warn somebody about something, right that

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Speaker 1: isn't necessarily just something you could point at and be like,

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Speaker 1: you know, let's get out of here through gesture, something

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Speaker 1: maybe further away, something that you couldn't see right then,

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Speaker 1: that would that would lead directly to um to a

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Speaker 1: trait that was that led to survival, which is the

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Speaker 1: whole basis of natural selection, which means that people who

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Speaker 1: could do that would be able to go reproduce, and

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Speaker 1: that trait would survive and be passed along. And I

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Speaker 1: imagine reproduction and all needed its own language as well, right,

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Speaker 1: you know, I'm like, hey, mama, although in Quest for

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Speaker 1: Fire it pretty much just happened, didn't I haven't seen

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Speaker 1: that so long. I think that was the first movie

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Speaker 1: I ever saw in showtime and Yeah, there wasn't a

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Speaker 1: lot of words going on. It was like, you know,

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Speaker 1: the ladies are down by the river bending over, filling

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Speaker 1: up water buckets and or you know, water pods and

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Speaker 1: man comes along and just you know, takes care of business. Yeah?

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Speaker 1: Is that? Is that an ancient phrase? Takes care of business?

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Speaker 1: TCB YEA. So I remember Quest for Fire and another movie. Um,

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Speaker 1: we're out on showtime at about the same time a

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Speaker 1: movie is called Caveman and it started Ringo Star. Is

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Speaker 1: that his picture that is in this article? Yeah, don't

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Speaker 1: you like my caption? Yeah? That's I couldn't. I couldn't

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Speaker 1: tell just by looking at it, but um yeah, the caption,

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Speaker 1: I think is what gave it away. These were the

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Speaker 1: old days where I would like the highlight of my

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Speaker 1: week was writing really clever picture captain star articles. I

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Speaker 1: would go home and say, look at this one, Emily,

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Speaker 1: it's pretty good. Someone might get this joke. So there's

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Speaker 1: a production still of from Caveman of Ringo Star standing

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Speaker 1: there and the caption is this cave by Caveman gets

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Speaker 1: by with a little help from his friends, beautiful Matty

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Speaker 1: guest producer Mattie. Yeah, so that's adaptation theory that basically

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Speaker 1: we figured out that we could survive better and more

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Speaker 1: robustly by talking to one another, and language evolved in

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Speaker 1: fits and starts through there. Right. Yeah. And who who's

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Speaker 1: gradually I should say gradually? Yes? Um? And that's Stephen Pinker,

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Speaker 1: who's a great dude. Yeah. Pinker and Bloom in their

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Speaker 1: paper Natural Language and Natural Selection. Uh. I mean there

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Speaker 1: are a lot of people who agree with them and

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Speaker 1: have written quote unquote the book on this since then,

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Speaker 1: or several books. It's very dense subject. Makes my mind

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Speaker 1: melt a little bit. Um, and Pinker and Bloom basically say, uh,

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Speaker 1: this is the case. It makes sense. This is just

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Speaker 1: standard Darwinian natural selection. What's the problem. I don't have

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Speaker 1: a problem with it. Why doesn't everybody just get on board? Uh? Well,

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Speaker 1: because there's another competing theory, and there are all sorts

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Speaker 1: of sub theories, but these are the two big big daddies. Um,

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Speaker 1: and this is no nom Chomsky and um. Evolutionary biologists

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Speaker 1: Stephen Jay Gould, and they think that it was a

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Speaker 1: spandrel or an axaptation. So you know what a spandrel

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Speaker 1: is well in biology or for real in architecture. But

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Speaker 1: please explain. Okay, Well, Stephen J. Gould um coined the

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Speaker 1: term spandrel, as you point out in the article. Um,

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Speaker 1: and it's just perfect actually in this application, because the spandrel,

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Speaker 1: architecturally speaking, is um this triangular area that inevitably is

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Speaker 1: created when you put two arched domes next to another

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Speaker 1: at right angles, and it looks like if you're looking

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Speaker 1: at it looks like purposeful design, like ornamentation. But it's

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Speaker 1: actually a byproduct you can't get around. And that's what

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Speaker 1: a spandrel is. As far as Gould is concerned, the

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Speaker 1: product of another evolutionary process right and language supposedly was

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Speaker 1: as far as gold and chomp scare concern just kind

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Speaker 1: of came about as the result of other stuff, specifically toolmaking. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Darwin calls it pre adaptation and later became acceptation. And

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Speaker 1: which one do you like more, pre adaptation or acceptation?

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Speaker 1: Acceptation is a little hard to say, so I'm gonna

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Speaker 1: go predation. It sounds so like important for us, you know. Um.

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Speaker 1: But a quick example of that, and this is the

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Speaker 1: one most often cited, is that, uh, there's a theory

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Speaker 1: out there that bird feathers were originally meant to keep birds, warm,

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Speaker 1: and flying came about after that as a spandrel makes sense.

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Speaker 1: Well's the problem exactly. So you said that our brains

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Speaker 1: adapted to where we could they got larger, to where

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Speaker 1: we could make tools, and things in language came about

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Speaker 1: because of the result of that. And this isn't just

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Speaker 1: kind of I mean, it's not like they're like, well,

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Speaker 1: we can run, so we can talk. Um. There's specific

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Speaker 1: areas of the brain that are associated with both toolmaking

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Speaker 1: and tool use and language. UM. And there's actually two.

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Speaker 1: There's um Broker's area and there's more. Nikki's area and

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Speaker 1: Broker's area was named after a French neurosurgeon named Paul Broca,

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Speaker 1: and in eighteen sixty one he um described the patient

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Speaker 1: named Tan. Tan wasn't the guy's real name. No one

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Speaker 1: knew his real name. Um. He was the only thing,

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Speaker 1: the only syllable he could pronounce that he could form

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Speaker 1: was Tan. So they're like, well, that's your name, pal Um.

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Speaker 1: And after he died, Brokea opened up his skull and

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Speaker 1: looked at his brain and found a huge lesion on

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Speaker 1: the area now named broke A's area, and that's come

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Speaker 1: to be associated with speech production. The weird thing about

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Speaker 1: Tan is he could understand spoken language. If you're Tan,

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Speaker 1: you look um, you look kind of Tan. I think

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Speaker 1: maybe you should stay out of the sun. He could

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Speaker 1: notice stay out of the sun. He wasn't There wasn't

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Speaker 1: anything wrong with him other than he could not produce speech. Well,

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Speaker 1: I bet he was really ticked off with his name.

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Speaker 1: Then I can say his Tan. They're like, we'll just

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Speaker 1: call you Tan, And he said he was probably like Nor, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's ignacious anything but Tan. Yeah. I mean, I I

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Speaker 1: imagine the guy probably was like, you know, half mad

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Speaker 1: by the time he died, just out of frustration. Well,

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Speaker 1: stroke patients. You know, my grandfather had a stroke and

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Speaker 1: tried to speak in his head. He was saying words,

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Speaker 1: but it would come out as gobbledygook and he would

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Speaker 1: get really frustrated. It was very sad. So now that

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Speaker 1: was your grandfather. So what it sounds like your grandfather

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Speaker 1: UM had a problem with was his were Nikki's Area. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and that was named after a German neuro surgeon who

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Speaker 1: found that UM his patients who could speak but they

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Speaker 1: weren't making any sense, had lesions on the area now

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Speaker 1: known it is were Nicky's Area. So if you put

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Speaker 1: the two together, broke his area which is involved in

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Speaker 1: speech production, and we're Nikki's area, which is involved with

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Speaker 1: UM speech comprehension, language comprehension. You have normally talking people

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Speaker 1: like us. Yes, and we first saw we're Nikki's area.

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Speaker 1: I think it was Ricky, we're Nikki the guy, we're

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Speaker 1: Nikki's area, and broke his area. UM, and the temporal, parietal,

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Speaker 1: and UH occipital lobes of the brain physically connected for

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Speaker 1: the first time in Homo habilis or habilis. So wait,

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Speaker 1: what was it? What's that called where you examine sculls

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Speaker 1: to see if there was probably some brain there. UM.

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Speaker 1: I believe that it's called cranial indocasting. Nice, I think so.

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Speaker 1: So they think that UM that this This would make

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Speaker 1: a lot of sense if Homo habilis UM was the

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Speaker 1: first one to talk, because they also often associate Homo

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Speaker 1: habilis is the first one to use tools. Right, this

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Speaker 1: is this isn't question I found recently it's to come

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Speaker 1: under question that possibly UM the oldest tools, the older

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Speaker 1: one tools which are like UM scrapers, hammers, UM I

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Speaker 1: think brain crushers, right, basically just stone tools that are

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Speaker 1: used to like skin meat off a bone. They're like

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Speaker 1: two point three million years old. They think that they

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Speaker 1: might be slightly older than Homo habilists. Then the other

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Speaker 1: problem with linking language and humans and Homo habilis is

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Speaker 1: we're not we're not sure we're on habiliss same tree.

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, But nonetheless, Homo habilist does have the cute

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Speaker 1: nickname a handyman. I've never heard that because he was

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Speaker 1: supposedly the first tool users, and that makes sense. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's better than Bob the Builder, but there's still that

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Speaker 1: that link right there between tool use and um language, right,

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Speaker 1: which they think is makes him in her much more

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Speaker 1: advanced than the Australia Eopithecus who came before homoobilist. So um,

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Speaker 1: the whole reason why this is important is because they're

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Speaker 1: trying to nail down where language first came about. And

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Speaker 1: if you subscribe to Gold and Chomsky, it just all

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Speaker 1: of a sudden it was there and people were talking

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Speaker 1: to each other. Yeah, it was like one one mutation

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Speaker 1: happened and then all of a sudden people were able

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Speaker 1: to speak and they were like, oh man, I've been

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Speaker 1: wanting to get some stuff off my chest for generations. Um,

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Speaker 1: if you listen to Pinker and Bloom or you know what,

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Speaker 1: I feel bad for Bloom. If you listen to Bloom

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Speaker 1: and Pinker, Um, I mean we know about that, don't we. Uh.

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Speaker 1: If you listen to Bloom and Pinker, then it took,

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Speaker 1: you know, a very long time for language to evolve,

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Speaker 1: and gradually by putting combinations together. The thing is Ghoul

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Speaker 1: before he died said you know what, there's not nearly

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Speaker 1: enough time for language to evolve. And what's more, if

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Speaker 1: there was some sort of gradual evolution of language, then

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Speaker 1: chimps should show some sort of propensity towards language. They do,

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Speaker 1: but apparently not in any way that any linguist who's

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Speaker 1: saying would it would call actual language the beginnings of language. Um,

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Speaker 1: it's communication, but not actual language, right, like you mentioned

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Speaker 1: at the beginning of the article. Sure, but um, Bloom

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Speaker 1: and Pinker point out, So chimps and humans diverged about

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Speaker 1: six million years ago. That's three hundred thousand generations for

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Speaker 1: language to evolve. That's plenty of time, they say, and

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Speaker 1: Gould from beyond the Grace says, no, it's not as

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Speaker 1: he did. Okay, Uh, well you know what Pinker actually

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Speaker 1: said about that in his defense was look at the

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Speaker 1: high racks h y r a X. It is um

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Speaker 1: because people say, well, we see in the DNA the

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Speaker 1: high Racks shares the DNA with the African elephant. And

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Speaker 1: if you look at a higher because it looks like

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Speaker 1: a large rat, oh, it looks nothing like an elephant.

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Speaker 1: So he's like, just because you share all that DNA

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Speaker 1: doesn't mean that you're gonna evolve the exact same way. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so that makes sense. Yeah, and some people pose and

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Speaker 1: I sort of agree that they're not mutually exclusive. You

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Speaker 1: don't have to have one without the other. Uh. It

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Speaker 1: may have been acceptation, and then from that point it

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Speaker 1: may have very much been a matter of natural selection

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Speaker 1: because the better you were communicating, the better you were surviving.

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Speaker 1: I like that idea too. Um. I don't think that though,

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Speaker 1: if you put Stephen Pinker in um Chomsky in the

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Speaker 1: same room that they would be like, you know this,

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Speaker 1: this all this works together. I think like they're tracing

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Speaker 1: it back to the origin point, the moment where it

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Speaker 1: began either as a either it began to evolve or

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Speaker 1: just appeared as a result of a incredibly sophisticated machine

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Speaker 1: that just started performing another function as a result of

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Speaker 1: its sophistication. And it's all kind of conjecture anyway, But

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Speaker 1: there's still I mean, there's still support. There's support for

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Speaker 1: different ones like UM, like brain plasticity, neural plasticity. The

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Speaker 1: fact that our our brains can be restructured and reorganized

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Speaker 1: supports the idea that language evolved gradually, right, and they

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Speaker 1: just started to build and building building, Possibly that's how

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Speaker 1: our brains became larger, right, chicken and the egg thing.

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Speaker 1: But people also say, like, if large brain equals things

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Speaker 1: like speech, then why don't like whales and things like

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Speaker 1: that with much larger brains and things like speech. That's

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Speaker 1: another great argument too, uh. And then mirror neurons UM

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Speaker 1: kind of lends support to the idea that it's just

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Speaker 1: it's just a spandrel of brain function because toolmaking and

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Speaker 1: UM and speech both used the same areas, right, and

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Speaker 1: then both um and then toolmaking lights up when you

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Speaker 1: watch somebody use tools, and when you're using tools yourself

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Speaker 1: in the broker's area. Interesting, yeah, or friend, samir neurons

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Speaker 1: they're back. Have you got anything else? There's a lot

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Speaker 1: of scrippling over there. Oh yeah. So one of Chomsky's

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Speaker 1: big points is that, uh, that grammar or the language

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Speaker 1: is innate, which makes it biological not cultural. Okay, UM

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Speaker 1: is universal grammar, which is that like if he always

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Speaker 1: says that if if a Martian anthropologist came down and

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Speaker 1: studied all human languages, that they would he would reasonably

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Speaker 1: conclude that all of that information is based on an

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Speaker 1: internal structure rather than culture. Basically, um and the the

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Speaker 1: key to universal grammar supposedly is recursion, which is like

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Speaker 1: me saying, like, I'm gonna go to the store, the

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Speaker 1: one down the street, you know, the one that has

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Speaker 1: the really good hot dogs. I'll be back in a

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Speaker 1: little bit. It's taking um. It's adding phrases within phrases.

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Speaker 1: There's no other um. There's no other community cation in

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Speaker 1: any animal species that would include this, which makes that human.

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Speaker 1: And supposedly all human languages contain recursion. Except there's a

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Speaker 1: challenger now called Paraha. It's Amazonian. There's like five people

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Speaker 1: who speak it, really, five hundred and one, including the

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Speaker 1: one um M I T trained linguist who studied it

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Speaker 1: for thirty years, is the only one who knows it

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Speaker 1: who's now saying this thing. They don't have recursion, so

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Speaker 1: universal grammars wrong. Therefore Chomsky's whole thing is wrong. There's

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Speaker 1: a pretty cool article on Chronicle of Higher Education that's

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Speaker 1: worth reading called Angry Words. You know that's a big

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Speaker 1: deal right now, is disappearing languages. And I don't think

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Speaker 1: I think these people are As far as I got

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Speaker 1: from the article, they seem like they are fine. There's

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Speaker 1: not that many of them, but they're not being encroached

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Speaker 1: upon any further. I think they're protected. Interesting. They're just

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Speaker 1: kind of living out there their existence and doing their thing. Actually, no,

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Speaker 1: I'm Chomsky is in the bushes behind them with the blowgun.

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Speaker 1: Well that's that's all I got. That's good stuff. This

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00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:11,480
Speaker 1: could have been like ten hours long. Yeah. Easy for

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Speaker 1: linguists out there, they're like, oh, what a broad overview.

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Speaker 1: That's exactly what this is like. Um, if you want

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Speaker 1: to learn more and you want to see this picture

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00:24:20,160 --> 00:24:22,400
Speaker 1: of ringo start just as a caveman, you should read

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00:24:22,440 --> 00:24:25,680
Speaker 1: the article written by one Charles W. Bryant called how

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Speaker 1: did Language Evolve? Uh? Type that into the search bar

400
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,200
Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com and it will bring

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00:24:32,240 --> 00:24:34,720
Speaker 1: it up. Uh. And I said search bar. So it's

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Speaker 1: time for listening, mate, Josh, I'm gonna call this we

403
00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:45,960
Speaker 1: saved another life apparently again, Hey guys and Jerry, I

404
00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:49,080
Speaker 1: thought I would We'll say hey Matt. Since Matt's here today,

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00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:50,919
Speaker 1: I thought it would tell you a little about how

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Speaker 1: your podcast has quite literally saved and changed my life.

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Speaker 1: I'm seventeen and living a small town of Galesburg, Illinois,

408
00:24:58,119 --> 00:25:01,840
Speaker 1: but consider myself a citizen of the world. Uh. From

409
00:25:01,920 --> 00:25:06,520
Speaker 1: when I was six months young ten years after Ghostbusters,

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00:25:07,200 --> 00:25:10,119
Speaker 1: my family exactly, My family and I have traveled back

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00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:13,520
Speaker 1: and forth from Illinois to Barcelona, Spain, every two years.

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Speaker 1: This last time back in the US, I fell in

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Speaker 1: love with your podcast and have listened almost religiously every

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Speaker 1: morning for almost three years. Then one day my faith

415
00:25:22,240 --> 00:25:25,439
Speaker 1: was solidified. While listening and walking my dog cheap Ee,

416
00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:30,359
Speaker 1: I crossed the street. I should probably c o a walking.

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00:25:30,520 --> 00:25:34,320
Speaker 1: This guy's really hitting all the points here. Um, walking

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00:25:34,320 --> 00:25:37,000
Speaker 1: with headphones is a dangerous thing. Uh. If one of

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Speaker 1: you died because of a headphone walking incident, I would

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00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:43,159
Speaker 1: never forgive myself. Back to the story, A car was

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Speaker 1: unbeknownst to me, hurtling down the street at me, I

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Speaker 1: started crossing when all of a sudden buzz how flies

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Speaker 1: work had just begun. Remember the loud buzz. It really

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00:25:55,680 --> 00:25:57,920
Speaker 1: flipped me out and I jumped backwards just as the

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00:25:57,960 --> 00:26:00,359
Speaker 1: car flew by me. Oh no, it was Um, it

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00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:04,480
Speaker 1: was from the fly remember help me? And he said

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Speaker 1: that scared him enough to jump back and didn't even

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Speaker 1: see the car. So we saved this dude and cheap ee,

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00:26:11,359 --> 00:26:14,479
Speaker 1: which is pretty exciting. That was a while ago, but recently,

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00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:16,520
Speaker 1: actually two days ago. You have changed the course of

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Speaker 1: the rest of my life. After listening to the Sauna

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00:26:19,760 --> 00:26:23,440
Speaker 1: and Viking podcasts, I have fallen in love with Scandinavia

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Speaker 1: so much so that I'm going to be a foreign

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Speaker 1: exchange student in Finland for the entirety of next year.

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Speaker 1: That's awesome. So we inspired uh Noah to go to

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00:26:34,280 --> 00:26:38,359
Speaker 1: Finland because of the SOUNDA and Viking casts enjoyed the

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00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:42,040
Speaker 1: really so much love and many thanks. And that's from

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Speaker 1: Noah f F nice Noah Finster Finkelstein, that's his name

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00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:51,080
Speaker 1: now it is um. Thanks for that. No, we're glad

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00:26:51,119 --> 00:26:52,840
Speaker 1: you're alive. We hope you have a very good time

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00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:57,320
Speaker 1: in Finland. Um and uh, we're glad cheap. He's doing

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00:26:57,320 --> 00:27:01,520
Speaker 1: well too. I bet no one never comes back like

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00:27:01,560 --> 00:27:03,640
Speaker 1: in a sinister way or now. I bet he loves

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00:27:03,640 --> 00:27:07,480
Speaker 1: it so much that he's like, I'm here nice until

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00:27:07,520 --> 00:27:12,879
Speaker 1: winter hits exactly. UM. If you we always love hearing

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00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:15,960
Speaker 1: how we've saved your life or enriched your life or

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00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:18,320
Speaker 1: something like that. UM, we want to hear about it.

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00:27:18,359 --> 00:27:20,840
Speaker 1: You can tweet to us at s y s K podcast.

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00:27:21,119 --> 00:27:24,080
Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook, Facebook dot com slash

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Speaker 1: stuff you Should Know, and you can email us directly

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Speaker 1: just between us, like five other people who are included

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00:27:31,280 --> 00:27:41,520
Speaker 1: on the email at Stuff podcast at Discovery dot com.

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00:27:41,600 --> 00:27:44,159
Speaker 1: Be sure to check out our new video podcast, Stuff

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00:27:44,200 --> 00:27:46,840
Speaker 1: from the Future. Join How Stuff Work staff as we

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00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:53,320
Speaker 1: explore the most promising and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow, brought

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00:27:53,359 --> 00:27:56,560
Speaker 1: to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. It's ready,

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00:27:56,760 --> 00:27:57,200
Speaker 1: are you