1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:02,960 Speaker 1: Hey, everyone, we're coming to Salt Lake City, Utah and Phoenix, 2 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:06,560 Speaker 1: Arizona this fall. Yeah, October, we're going to be at 3 00:00:06,600 --> 00:00:09,479 Speaker 1: Salt Lake City's Grand Theater and then the next night 4 00:00:09,520 --> 00:00:13,880 Speaker 1: October will be in Phoenix. And we added a second 5 00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:16,840 Speaker 1: show to our Melbourne show, right, that's right, a second 6 00:00:16,840 --> 00:00:19,239 Speaker 1: earlier show in Melbourne. So you can get all the 7 00:00:19,280 --> 00:00:22,119 Speaker 1: information for all of these shows at s y s 8 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:26,599 Speaker 1: K live dot com. Welcome to Stuff you Should Know 9 00:00:27,200 --> 00:00:35,800 Speaker 1: from how Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to 10 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:39,440 Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and there's Charles W Chuck Bryant. 11 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:46,680 Speaker 1: We're alone again naturally, but we're talking about in our walls. 12 00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:50,680 Speaker 1: So things aren't all that bad because they're pretty interesting. Yeah. 13 00:00:51,040 --> 00:00:55,000 Speaker 1: I think I wanted to do this a long time ago. Uh, 14 00:00:55,040 --> 00:00:57,960 Speaker 1: and it just sort of fell off my radar and 15 00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:01,640 Speaker 1: then it popped back up on my radar. That is 16 00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:04,560 Speaker 1: a heck of a story, Chuck, and this was written. 17 00:01:05,400 --> 00:01:09,720 Speaker 1: I want to shout out former colleague Katie Lambert. And Katie, 18 00:01:09,880 --> 00:01:12,080 Speaker 1: even though you do not listen, perhaps a friend of 19 00:01:12,120 --> 00:01:18,119 Speaker 1: yours might congratulations because Katie just got married. Oh hey, congratulations, Katie, 20 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:20,240 Speaker 1: I'm married to uh it looks like a really good guy. 21 00:01:21,160 --> 00:01:24,679 Speaker 1: And uh they're now traveling and uh whish Katie all 22 00:01:24,720 --> 00:01:28,480 Speaker 1: the best. Yep, congratulations dudes, and thank you for writing 23 00:01:29,240 --> 00:01:33,199 Speaker 1: this article, which was seemingly intended for elementary school students. 24 00:01:34,880 --> 00:01:36,760 Speaker 1: Knew you get to say something. I was not going 25 00:01:36,800 --> 00:01:40,200 Speaker 1: to say anything. It's adorably written. Let's say that. Well, 26 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:42,800 Speaker 1: if I remember correctly, she really liked nar walls, I 27 00:01:42,800 --> 00:01:44,600 Speaker 1: think so. I think she lobbied to write this one. 28 00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:51,760 Speaker 1: In fact, So nar walls is defined as follows. I'm 29 00:01:51,840 --> 00:01:55,960 Speaker 1: kidding nar waals wail with a horn pretty much actually, 30 00:01:56,720 --> 00:01:59,440 Speaker 1: and I there are a lot of similarities here between 31 00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:02,200 Speaker 1: walrus is, which we did in our walls, but they're 32 00:02:02,240 --> 00:02:06,000 Speaker 1: not They're not very closely related if at all. Am 33 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 1: I correct? Like walruses have nothing to do with whales, 34 00:02:10,520 --> 00:02:12,519 Speaker 1: and then our wall is a type of whale and 35 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:17,160 Speaker 1: much the same as like a beluga whale, right I believe. So, Yeah, 36 00:02:17,200 --> 00:02:20,600 Speaker 1: they're small, they're pretty fast, well comparatively small, I should 37 00:02:20,600 --> 00:02:25,440 Speaker 1: say pretty fast. Um, they live in extremely cold waters. 38 00:02:26,240 --> 00:02:28,200 Speaker 1: But the thing about the nar wall, the thing that 39 00:02:28,280 --> 00:02:30,480 Speaker 1: everybody knows about the nar wall, the thing that makes 40 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:35,040 Speaker 1: the nar wall so unique, is that it has a tusk, 41 00:02:35,280 --> 00:02:40,959 Speaker 1: a unicorn horn basically that is frequently well over half 42 00:02:41,080 --> 00:02:44,000 Speaker 1: the length of its of its body. Yeah, I mean 43 00:02:44,040 --> 00:02:45,880 Speaker 1: some of those. So they can grow up to nine feet. 44 00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 1: That's crazy. Yeah, because a male narwhale gets up to 45 00:02:48,960 --> 00:02:52,320 Speaker 1: fifteen feet. So so you've got the fifteen feet of 46 00:02:52,360 --> 00:02:55,920 Speaker 1: the small fast whale and then another nine ft of 47 00:02:56,080 --> 00:03:02,160 Speaker 1: unicorn tusk sticking out. And it's a pretty interesting appendage frankly. Yeah, 48 00:03:02,200 --> 00:03:04,360 Speaker 1: which you know, we'll save that for the third act. 49 00:03:05,560 --> 00:03:08,519 Speaker 1: You know what they say, you introduce a unicorn horn 50 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:10,680 Speaker 1: in the first act, it has to kill somebody in 51 00:03:10,680 --> 00:03:14,360 Speaker 1: the third. Is that right? Well, that's the old saying 52 00:03:14,400 --> 00:03:17,799 Speaker 1: about a gun in a movie. Okay, if you see 53 00:03:17,800 --> 00:03:19,440 Speaker 1: a gun in the first act, it'll kill someone in 54 00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:22,880 Speaker 1: the third. I always thought things just appeared randomly in movies. 55 00:03:24,240 --> 00:03:28,160 Speaker 1: Is that not the case materialized? Yeah? No thought behind it, right, 56 00:03:28,280 --> 00:03:32,160 Speaker 1: no reason, no rhyme. So the nar wall throughout history 57 00:03:32,200 --> 00:03:37,800 Speaker 1: has been a very um I guess, not misunderstood, but 58 00:03:38,320 --> 00:03:42,040 Speaker 1: fascinating to people because it just looks so strange. If 59 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:45,160 Speaker 1: you've seen regular seafaring creatures, which already look a lot 60 00:03:45,160 --> 00:03:48,040 Speaker 1: of them look very strange, but imagine back in like 61 00:03:48,120 --> 00:03:51,240 Speaker 1: the Vikings days, when they see a nar wall stick 62 00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:55,240 Speaker 1: that thing out. It really would get people's attention, and 63 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:58,960 Speaker 1: so it was written about in literature. Um at some 64 00:03:59,040 --> 00:04:02,840 Speaker 1: point that people thought that there was a land equivalent 65 00:04:02,880 --> 00:04:07,400 Speaker 1: equivalent to every marine animal, So like if there was 66 00:04:07,480 --> 00:04:09,720 Speaker 1: something at sea, there was a land version. Do you 67 00:04:09,760 --> 00:04:12,200 Speaker 1: remember we did like a Sea Monsters episode we talked 68 00:04:12,200 --> 00:04:14,600 Speaker 1: about that. Yeah. So the idea here is that that 69 00:04:14,720 --> 00:04:19,360 Speaker 1: there may be a unicorn, a horse unicorn, because there 70 00:04:19,440 --> 00:04:21,320 Speaker 1: was one in the sea. Yeah, and even if you 71 00:04:21,440 --> 00:04:25,080 Speaker 1: found the narwhal in the sea, it wouldn't just prove unicorns, 72 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:28,000 Speaker 1: it would actually probably back it up. At the time, Yes, 73 00:04:28,279 --> 00:04:30,599 Speaker 1: so there was this widespread belief that there was such 74 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:32,560 Speaker 1: a thing as unicorn. And then the fact that the 75 00:04:32,640 --> 00:04:36,520 Speaker 1: Vikings were going around trading with the the Inuit up 76 00:04:36,560 --> 00:04:41,919 Speaker 1: north around Greenland, um and getting narwhal tusks and bringing 77 00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:46,279 Speaker 1: them back and people were buying them as unicorn horns. 78 00:04:46,040 --> 00:04:48,440 Speaker 1: It definitely it was like evidence like there you go, 79 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:50,640 Speaker 1: there's such thing as unicorns. We've never seen one, but 80 00:04:50,720 --> 00:04:53,960 Speaker 1: I've I got the tusk right here in my chalice 81 00:04:54,120 --> 00:04:58,200 Speaker 1: to counteract any poison somebody may have tried to give me. Right. 82 00:04:58,640 --> 00:05:02,000 Speaker 1: That was one of the things that was used for interesting. Yeah, 83 00:05:02,120 --> 00:05:04,720 Speaker 1: and let's see I got two more. You ready for these? 84 00:05:05,680 --> 00:05:07,680 Speaker 1: Hold your socks on because I'm about to knock them off. 85 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:14,040 Speaker 1: The Habsburg dynasty, their scepter had a narwhal tusk handle. 86 00:05:15,040 --> 00:05:19,960 Speaker 1: Ivan the terribles um staff, I guess he had a 87 00:05:19,960 --> 00:05:25,480 Speaker 1: walking stick made of narwhal tusk um. And if you 88 00:05:25,560 --> 00:05:29,159 Speaker 1: look on the Royal coat of Arms for pharmacists in 89 00:05:29,279 --> 00:05:33,360 Speaker 1: England you you will see a unicorn. All of those 90 00:05:33,680 --> 00:05:37,800 Speaker 1: are narwhal tusks or references to narwhal tusks. And how 91 00:05:37,800 --> 00:05:41,239 Speaker 1: magical they were thought at the time because people bought 92 00:05:41,279 --> 00:05:47,560 Speaker 1: and sold and used them as unicorn horns. Yeah. The 93 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:52,320 Speaker 1: more you know, right, is half the battle. So let's 94 00:05:52,320 --> 00:05:56,920 Speaker 1: talk about this, this funny, fascinating creature. Uh. You'd want 95 00:05:56,960 --> 00:06:01,960 Speaker 1: to go to Canada perhaps to view them. Um, maybe Greenland, 96 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:05,760 Speaker 1: maybe small barred m Thro's some seeds in there while 97 00:06:05,760 --> 00:06:10,359 Speaker 1: you're at it. Uh, And they mainly try and navigate 98 00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:16,760 Speaker 1: what are called how do you pronounce that? Pollinia, pollinias, pollinias. 99 00:06:17,080 --> 00:06:22,520 Speaker 1: I think so yes, I actually prefer that too. Pollinias, 100 00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:25,000 Speaker 1: which Katie described as the equivalent of an oasis. In 101 00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:28,920 Speaker 1: the Arctic, there these open water pools where otherwise there 102 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:33,200 Speaker 1: is ice and there is a lot of good feeding. Uh. 103 00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:36,119 Speaker 1: This it's like a buffet table in those things. Yeah, 104 00:06:36,160 --> 00:06:39,800 Speaker 1: because we're talking like little oayses in ice. And when 105 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:43,080 Speaker 1: we say ice creaming ice forever and ever and ever, 106 00:06:43,680 --> 00:06:47,080 Speaker 1: because nor Walls live in some of the coldest water 107 00:06:47,160 --> 00:06:52,599 Speaker 1: is imaginable on planet Earth. Um. So when one of 108 00:06:52,640 --> 00:06:54,880 Speaker 1: the in their whales, which means they have to breathe 109 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:58,440 Speaker 1: air like we humans, right, Um, So they have to 110 00:06:58,520 --> 00:07:00,720 Speaker 1: travel from these things to these things, and they do 111 00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:05,080 Speaker 1: so under ice. So they basically just navigate poll nias 112 00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:10,440 Speaker 1: or poly nias um from place to place, follow their 113 00:07:10,480 --> 00:07:14,000 Speaker 1: food that way. Yeah. Another name that you might have 114 00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:17,240 Speaker 1: heard is corpse whale, and this came from there. The 115 00:07:17,280 --> 00:07:21,760 Speaker 1: adults have this kind of modeled black or dark gray 116 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:25,520 Speaker 1: and white coloring and some people might say it looks 117 00:07:25,560 --> 00:07:31,000 Speaker 1: like like they're dead, right like liver or mortis. Do 118 00:07:31,080 --> 00:07:34,800 Speaker 1: you remember that where like you know this, the blood 119 00:07:34,840 --> 00:07:37,520 Speaker 1: just pools and collects at the body like in the 120 00:07:37,600 --> 00:07:40,840 Speaker 1: skin of the corpse. Yeah, so corpse whale is a 121 00:07:41,040 --> 00:07:44,040 Speaker 1: is a nickname. Uh kind of a not a very 122 00:07:44,120 --> 00:07:47,160 Speaker 1: nice one. Well no, actually, the word nar wall means 123 00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:51,640 Speaker 1: corpse whale in Dutch and Danish. Yeah, nar is like 124 00:07:51,680 --> 00:07:55,600 Speaker 1: the old Norse term for corpse and wall or vall 125 00:07:55,720 --> 00:08:00,680 Speaker 1: is whale corpse white, like nar waal literally means corpse 126 00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:06,000 Speaker 1: whale because up close they look like a dead body. Interesting, yeah, 127 00:08:06,160 --> 00:08:09,080 Speaker 1: and kind of gross. So they don't have a dorsal fin, 128 00:08:09,160 --> 00:08:12,000 Speaker 1: but they do have a dorsal ridge. A dorsal fin 129 00:08:12,080 --> 00:08:14,640 Speaker 1: would would be um. They may have had one at 130 00:08:14,640 --> 00:08:17,720 Speaker 1: one point, but it bumps into that ice, so now 131 00:08:17,720 --> 00:08:19,640 Speaker 1: it's a dorsal rit. Well, I say, now it might 132 00:08:19,680 --> 00:08:23,920 Speaker 1: have always been, but I'm just speculating. No, I think 133 00:08:23,920 --> 00:08:26,520 Speaker 1: you're right that natural selection might have taken care of that. Yeah, 134 00:08:26,560 --> 00:08:28,880 Speaker 1: because not only does it allow them to swim under 135 00:08:28,920 --> 00:08:33,119 Speaker 1: ice and follow their food, it keeps them from um 136 00:08:33,160 --> 00:08:36,120 Speaker 1: being attacked by orcas. Orcas have a full dorsal fin, 137 00:08:36,480 --> 00:08:39,240 Speaker 1: so they can't get under ice or as close to 138 00:08:39,280 --> 00:08:42,320 Speaker 1: ice as or as um nar walls can, so they 139 00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:45,520 Speaker 1: can escape their predators and chase their food, which is 140 00:08:45,559 --> 00:08:49,320 Speaker 1: like two things that natural selection would definitely be all about. 141 00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:52,000 Speaker 1: All right, well, let's stay in by it then, Yeah, 142 00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:54,520 Speaker 1: I think you should. They hang out in groups UM 143 00:08:54,640 --> 00:08:57,520 Speaker 1: a lot of times, twenty to thirty, but when they 144 00:08:57,559 --> 00:09:01,360 Speaker 1: migrate there can be hundreds or even thousands of them together. 145 00:09:01,920 --> 00:09:05,199 Speaker 1: And the ladies are a little bit smaller, about pounds 146 00:09:05,920 --> 00:09:10,880 Speaker 1: and ten tott the dudes get up to about pounds 147 00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:14,440 Speaker 1: and up to fift Yeah, but I mean that's not small, 148 00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:18,000 Speaker 1: but for a whale, that's not It's not big at all. 149 00:09:18,720 --> 00:09:21,439 Speaker 1: And they are fast, man, they're fast. And I also 150 00:09:21,520 --> 00:09:26,480 Speaker 1: read I read this really great article in Smithsonian. Um. 151 00:09:26,760 --> 00:09:28,080 Speaker 1: Let me see if I can find the name of 152 00:09:28,080 --> 00:09:33,920 Speaker 1: it um in search of the Mysterious Narwhal. And they 153 00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:38,600 Speaker 1: talk about this um, these two biologists who are dedicated 154 00:09:38,600 --> 00:09:42,920 Speaker 1: to like tracking and trapping and tagging and um pegging 155 00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:47,800 Speaker 1: up with right keeping up with nar walls to try 156 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:50,360 Speaker 1: to estimate the population because no one has any idea 157 00:09:50,400 --> 00:09:53,240 Speaker 1: how many narwhals they are there are, and so you 158 00:09:53,280 --> 00:09:55,880 Speaker 1: don't know if they're dying off quickly or if there's 159 00:09:55,920 --> 00:09:58,680 Speaker 1: a lot more than we know. Who knows, um, but 160 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:01,240 Speaker 1: it was they were talking about how hard it is 161 00:10:01,320 --> 00:10:05,000 Speaker 1: to capture these these whales to tag them, and how 162 00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:07,120 Speaker 1: hard it is even to hunt them too, because they're 163 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:10,560 Speaker 1: so fast. They're fast, and they're real skittish, like they'll 164 00:10:10,600 --> 00:10:12,880 Speaker 1: take off at the drop of a hat. They're fast 165 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:19,280 Speaker 1: and furious, too fast, too furious. Their tokyo drift. So 166 00:10:19,520 --> 00:10:22,600 Speaker 1: this is one of the interesting creatures that scientific whose 167 00:10:22,600 --> 00:10:26,000 Speaker 1: scientific name is all wrong. Um. The scientific name is 168 00:10:26,559 --> 00:10:32,520 Speaker 1: minodin mana serros, which means to one horn. Yes, and 169 00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:35,120 Speaker 1: if you're gonna come up with a cleric for your 170 00:10:35,200 --> 00:10:38,400 Speaker 1: D and D game, you could do worse than that 171 00:10:39,520 --> 00:10:43,800 Speaker 1: one horn. I like that monoddin mano serros. I take 172 00:10:43,840 --> 00:10:49,840 Speaker 1: your bag of plenty. Erry Lewis sounded. That's literally the 173 00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:51,800 Speaker 1: only thing I remember from like the two times I 174 00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:54,960 Speaker 1: play dn D take your bag of plenty, which you 175 00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:56,840 Speaker 1: probably can't even do. People are gonna say you can't 176 00:10:56,840 --> 00:10:59,200 Speaker 1: take a bag of plenty. Oh yeah, we'll get some 177 00:10:59,240 --> 00:11:02,640 Speaker 1: mail on that, But that's actually not true. One tooth 178 00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:04,520 Speaker 1: one horn is not true at all. They have no 179 00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:08,679 Speaker 1: horns and they have two teeth. That tusk, which we'll 180 00:11:08,679 --> 00:11:11,079 Speaker 1: talk about later again in the third act. That is 181 00:11:11,120 --> 00:11:14,839 Speaker 1: a tooth. It is which we can't say anything more 182 00:11:14,840 --> 00:11:18,160 Speaker 1: about it apparently, but just believe us it's a tooth. 183 00:11:18,480 --> 00:11:22,640 Speaker 1: What it does eat? What do they eat. They eat cold, cold, 184 00:11:22,760 --> 00:11:27,280 Speaker 1: loving fish. Sounds pretty delicious to me. So these are 185 00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:31,320 Speaker 1: some of my favorite fish. Prepare for this cod salmon, 186 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:34,800 Speaker 1: which I mean like it doesn't even have to be 187 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:38,880 Speaker 1: dead yet, and I'll eat the salmon. God, harring have dude. 188 00:11:38,960 --> 00:11:41,760 Speaker 1: Raw salmon is about as good as it gets. Yeah, 189 00:11:41,760 --> 00:11:44,320 Speaker 1: but you gotta bite into a live fish. Yes, I 190 00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:50,600 Speaker 1: would herring, which is great, especially pickled Halibit wonderful anyway. 191 00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:54,800 Speaker 1: Shrimp and squid. Yeah, I'm not huge on squid these days, 192 00:11:54,800 --> 00:11:56,800 Speaker 1: but all the other ones i'd be very happy with. 193 00:11:56,920 --> 00:12:01,160 Speaker 1: Weren't you big on squid because it's a squid and awesome, 194 00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:04,840 Speaker 1: I'm not. I'm just not big on squid. I don't 195 00:12:04,840 --> 00:12:06,640 Speaker 1: know the last time I had it, but I remember, 196 00:12:06,880 --> 00:12:08,920 Speaker 1: I think I've just had too much rubbery squid is 197 00:12:08,960 --> 00:12:15,080 Speaker 1: what it is, you know, Yeah, I hear you. So 198 00:12:15,240 --> 00:12:17,840 Speaker 1: the problem is this, Chuck, Well, it's not really a problem. 199 00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:19,480 Speaker 1: It's a problem for you and me if we're trying 200 00:12:19,480 --> 00:12:22,600 Speaker 1: to track nar walls. But a lot of those fish, 201 00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:26,480 Speaker 1: especially depending on the season they um, live on the 202 00:12:26,520 --> 00:12:30,400 Speaker 1: bottom of the ocean, right, So that means that if 203 00:12:30,440 --> 00:12:32,560 Speaker 1: you are in our wall, you've got to get down 204 00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:37,040 Speaker 1: to those fish. And these things have actually been tracked 205 00:12:38,080 --> 00:12:43,320 Speaker 1: diving a mile down. Yeah, that's a long way, a 206 00:12:43,440 --> 00:12:47,719 Speaker 1: mile down. So some of the early trackers that they 207 00:12:47,720 --> 00:12:50,640 Speaker 1: put on these way these um nar whales. Before they 208 00:12:50,720 --> 00:12:54,200 Speaker 1: realize how deep they dove, the track the tracking device 209 00:12:54,200 --> 00:12:58,160 Speaker 1: would break. It just smashed under the pressure. But the 210 00:12:58,240 --> 00:13:01,200 Speaker 1: narwhall's just going down eating some cod and coming back 211 00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:03,360 Speaker 1: up and then going down and eating some cod a 212 00:13:03,520 --> 00:13:08,560 Speaker 1: mile under the surface. Is just it's just it's crazy 213 00:13:08,679 --> 00:13:11,240 Speaker 1: to me. I'm I'm impressed by that. Yeah, And Katie 214 00:13:11,240 --> 00:13:13,959 Speaker 1: talked a lot about the diving patterns not being understood. 215 00:13:14,520 --> 00:13:16,320 Speaker 1: It sounds to me when reading through them, is that 216 00:13:16,400 --> 00:13:20,160 Speaker 1: they're uh like not random, but there there are so 217 00:13:20,160 --> 00:13:24,480 Speaker 1: many different reasons to dive, and depending on the time 218 00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:27,040 Speaker 1: of year and where the fish are. Like, I don't 219 00:13:27,080 --> 00:13:29,560 Speaker 1: know that there is a pattern. Well we yeah, we 220 00:13:29,640 --> 00:13:33,040 Speaker 1: just don't know yet. Yeah, exactly. So you want to 221 00:13:33,040 --> 00:13:36,600 Speaker 1: take a break, yes, all right, we're going to take 222 00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:39,160 Speaker 1: a break and when we come back, we're going to 223 00:13:39,280 --> 00:14:09,560 Speaker 1: resume speaking about in our walls, all right, Chuck. So 224 00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:11,960 Speaker 1: you said, like there doesn't seem to be a pattern, 225 00:14:12,040 --> 00:14:14,640 Speaker 1: or we don't understand the pattern with diving. There's a 226 00:14:14,760 --> 00:14:17,800 Speaker 1: lot we don't understand about in our walls. But what's 227 00:14:17,880 --> 00:14:20,840 Speaker 1: interesting is that it seems like it might not just 228 00:14:20,880 --> 00:14:23,400 Speaker 1: be because we have so little access to them, because 229 00:14:23,440 --> 00:14:28,920 Speaker 1: they live in these extraordinarily remote climbs that are really 230 00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:32,200 Speaker 1: hard for humans to survive in. It's not just that, 231 00:14:32,680 --> 00:14:36,320 Speaker 1: it's that they are also supposedly very very smart as well, 232 00:14:36,960 --> 00:14:41,320 Speaker 1: like dolphin levels smart. Yeah, they um. They said that 233 00:14:41,360 --> 00:14:45,920 Speaker 1: they do some things that only apes do, like recognize 234 00:14:45,960 --> 00:14:52,080 Speaker 1: themselves in a mirror, and she said understand abstract ideas? Yes, 235 00:14:52,320 --> 00:14:55,720 Speaker 1: what what does that mean? So the closest thing I 236 00:14:55,800 --> 00:15:00,720 Speaker 1: could see is that with understanding understanding abstract ideas, so 237 00:15:01,400 --> 00:15:06,640 Speaker 1: how we encapsulate two in the written number two and 238 00:15:06,760 --> 00:15:09,600 Speaker 1: that that that too is an abstract concept that doesn't 239 00:15:09,600 --> 00:15:11,720 Speaker 1: actually mean to but it does to us because we've 240 00:15:11,720 --> 00:15:16,800 Speaker 1: all agreed on it. Apparently, uh odonto sets, which is 241 00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:20,040 Speaker 1: the toothed whale that that they belong to, they've been 242 00:15:20,040 --> 00:15:24,400 Speaker 1: shown to understand abstract concepts like that they've been They've 243 00:15:24,440 --> 00:15:27,480 Speaker 1: been also found to be able to pass this stuff 244 00:15:27,520 --> 00:15:31,080 Speaker 1: along from one generation to the next, which means that 245 00:15:31,160 --> 00:15:34,320 Speaker 1: they have actual culture. Their culture survives, they have an 246 00:15:34,320 --> 00:15:38,040 Speaker 1: actual culture. It's not just their their genes driving them 247 00:15:38,080 --> 00:15:41,440 Speaker 1: to find more fish. Um, go have sex with that 248 00:15:41,520 --> 00:15:45,320 Speaker 1: other narwhal. Nothing like that. They're actually thinking and passing 249 00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:47,600 Speaker 1: on like the stuff and the tricks that they learned 250 00:15:47,600 --> 00:15:52,120 Speaker 1: to the younger generation. So they're exceedingly smart too. Yeah. 251 00:15:52,160 --> 00:15:56,080 Speaker 1: And odonto uh adonta seed that is a toothed whale 252 00:15:56,800 --> 00:16:01,800 Speaker 1: with danto I guess ing the tooth part right, like 253 00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:04,720 Speaker 1: ord is it a danta seat, I said, a dante 254 00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:08,040 Speaker 1: sette like machete. I think it's a danta seat, But yeah, 255 00:16:08,080 --> 00:16:11,560 Speaker 1: you're probably gonna be wrong. Who knows. Uh. They echo locate, 256 00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:15,040 Speaker 1: which is interesting like bats do. So what they do 257 00:16:15,160 --> 00:16:17,440 Speaker 1: is they you know, it's very dark down there where 258 00:16:17,480 --> 00:16:20,760 Speaker 1: they swim a mile down and they still need to 259 00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:24,240 Speaker 1: find these fish, so they produced the sound. They don't 260 00:16:24,240 --> 00:16:27,280 Speaker 1: they don't have vocal cords like we do. Um. They 261 00:16:27,680 --> 00:16:29,720 Speaker 1: think although they don't know. Like you said, there's been 262 00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:33,160 Speaker 1: so little study because they're hard to catch and track 263 00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:36,320 Speaker 1: and trace. But they think they might make sounds to 264 00:16:36,360 --> 00:16:41,560 Speaker 1: their nasal passages and then focus that in uh in 265 00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:44,400 Speaker 1: there in this fatty structure called the melon, and then 266 00:16:44,560 --> 00:16:48,160 Speaker 1: beam it out and then of course it because echo location. 267 00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:51,160 Speaker 1: It travels as a sound wave bounces back after it 268 00:16:51,240 --> 00:16:55,360 Speaker 1: hits like a salmon um back to their skull. They 269 00:16:55,360 --> 00:16:58,320 Speaker 1: think the lower jaw are directly into the skull depending 270 00:16:58,320 --> 00:17:00,840 Speaker 1: on the frequency, and then they go to salmon. Let 271 00:17:00,880 --> 00:17:06,320 Speaker 1: me go spirit, yes, spirit, No they don't. They just 272 00:17:06,359 --> 00:17:11,280 Speaker 1: probably Yeah, they go after it with their mouths and 273 00:17:11,480 --> 00:17:15,360 Speaker 1: save it for me because I picture nine feet of 274 00:17:16,240 --> 00:17:19,879 Speaker 1: a big sushi. Right, But think about it, like if 275 00:17:19,920 --> 00:17:21,840 Speaker 1: they just spear salmon on the end of this thing, 276 00:17:21,880 --> 00:17:24,160 Speaker 1: they're like, oh, I hadn't thought this true. I can't 277 00:17:24,200 --> 00:17:26,800 Speaker 1: really actually get to this now. Let me scrape it 278 00:17:26,840 --> 00:17:29,399 Speaker 1: off on the ice and then hop up there with 279 00:17:29,520 --> 00:17:32,159 Speaker 1: my mouth and there you go. It seems like a 280 00:17:32,160 --> 00:17:34,600 Speaker 1: lot of problems, you know. Yeah, like they'd find it 281 00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:37,399 Speaker 1: dead normal with like twelve fish spirit. Right, it's like 282 00:17:37,480 --> 00:17:42,080 Speaker 1: the saddest thing ever. Um, So you talked about the 283 00:17:42,119 --> 00:17:45,320 Speaker 1: echo location. Did you say that that fatty deposits called 284 00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:49,639 Speaker 1: the melon? The melon? It's so weird, but it's pretty 285 00:17:50,119 --> 00:17:53,560 Speaker 1: It's it's understandable that they would echo locate because they're 286 00:17:53,600 --> 00:17:56,199 Speaker 1: diving down into some some areas where there's like no 287 00:17:56,400 --> 00:18:00,000 Speaker 1: light whatsoever. But they think that in addition to um 288 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:04,280 Speaker 1: finding food like salmon or whatever, they use echolocation for 289 00:18:04,359 --> 00:18:08,960 Speaker 1: communication to just basically simply to move through the water, 290 00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:12,719 Speaker 1: and either depending on the species or species are capable 291 00:18:12,800 --> 00:18:16,920 Speaker 1: of multiple frequencies. They if they are if they're trying 292 00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:19,240 Speaker 1: to reach something from a long distance, they'll use a 293 00:18:19,560 --> 00:18:24,280 Speaker 1: low wavelength echo. If they're trying to find something nearby, 294 00:18:24,359 --> 00:18:28,640 Speaker 1: they'll use a high frequency echo. Um. It's pretty interesting. 295 00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:32,040 Speaker 1: And supposedly their brains started to grow from based on 296 00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:34,639 Speaker 1: the fossil record, around the time they would have started 297 00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:37,440 Speaker 1: to echolocate. That makes sense, Yeah, it does, because they're 298 00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:40,520 Speaker 1: getting that much more information and they need to handle 299 00:18:40,560 --> 00:18:44,240 Speaker 1: it process it. Hence they need a bigger brain. Supposedly 300 00:18:44,240 --> 00:18:48,600 Speaker 1: their brain is second only to ours in size relative 301 00:18:48,640 --> 00:18:53,400 Speaker 1: to body mass. Okay, relative to body mass, right, all right, 302 00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:56,080 Speaker 1: that makes sense because when I first read that, that 303 00:18:56,119 --> 00:18:59,440 Speaker 1: makes total sense. So they think that they they don't 304 00:18:59,480 --> 00:19:02,080 Speaker 1: know how long they can live, but there are some 305 00:19:02,119 --> 00:19:05,280 Speaker 1: studies that indicate that they could live to be over 306 00:19:05,320 --> 00:19:08,320 Speaker 1: a hundred years old. There's one study um on the 307 00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:13,400 Speaker 1: eyes on nar while eyes, which is sort of sort 308 00:19:13,400 --> 00:19:16,639 Speaker 1: of a creepy way to figure this out, but a 309 00:19:16,720 --> 00:19:19,520 Speaker 1: hundred and fifteen years old, and they aren't sure how 310 00:19:19,560 --> 00:19:25,560 Speaker 1: many there are UM, but in Baffin Bay apparently they 311 00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:28,959 Speaker 1: found over thirty thousand of them in Baffin Bay alone, 312 00:19:29,040 --> 00:19:32,919 Speaker 1: which sounds like a lot, but UM, when you look 313 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:36,600 Speaker 1: at the scope of animal populations, it's not no and 314 00:19:36,640 --> 00:19:39,040 Speaker 1: they I mean they honestly have no idea. That's what 315 00:19:39,160 --> 00:19:42,679 Speaker 1: this UM, these marine biologists are doing is is trying 316 00:19:42,680 --> 00:19:46,200 Speaker 1: to figure out how many there are so that they 317 00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:49,440 Speaker 1: can say, well, this is how many you should hunt UM. 318 00:19:49,480 --> 00:19:52,120 Speaker 1: This is the maximum number that should be hunted a year. 319 00:19:52,960 --> 00:19:55,440 Speaker 1: Because there are UM and we'll talk about it later, 320 00:19:55,480 --> 00:19:59,359 Speaker 1: but there are there is legal narwhal hunting UM. But 321 00:19:59,480 --> 00:20:01,680 Speaker 1: it's it's the from the work of these people who 322 00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:04,560 Speaker 1: are who are trying to track them to make sure 323 00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:10,040 Speaker 1: that the population that we're not inadvertently ruining this population UM. 324 00:20:10,080 --> 00:20:11,959 Speaker 1: That's one of the main reasons that they're doing, in 325 00:20:11,960 --> 00:20:14,879 Speaker 1: addition to like just studying them. And they found a 326 00:20:14,880 --> 00:20:18,120 Speaker 1: lot of stuff out already, like they mate, remember those 327 00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:21,920 Speaker 1: poll nias. I mean, another way to put it is 328 00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:26,280 Speaker 1: their cracks in extensive sea ice, right and that's where 329 00:20:26,280 --> 00:20:28,760 Speaker 1: they mate. Another way put it is their sex pools 330 00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:35,080 Speaker 1: they are, there's sex pools polynia's um and so they'll 331 00:20:35,119 --> 00:20:38,440 Speaker 1: mate in there, but they'll also frequently die in there 332 00:20:38,440 --> 00:20:43,440 Speaker 1: too because there those the areas that they inhabit are 333 00:20:43,680 --> 00:20:47,480 Speaker 1: so cold chuck, so like negative sixty degrees fahret height 334 00:20:47,560 --> 00:20:50,879 Speaker 1: in some areas right that that's the wind temperature of 335 00:20:50,920 --> 00:20:55,520 Speaker 1: the surface, So it is really cold um that that 336 00:20:55,680 --> 00:20:59,240 Speaker 1: ice will form quickly. And if you're a norwhale and 337 00:20:59,240 --> 00:21:02,680 Speaker 1: you get stuck in the your toast, you're dead. Or 338 00:21:02,760 --> 00:21:06,600 Speaker 1: if the ice these pollinia's ice over and there's not 339 00:21:06,720 --> 00:21:10,719 Speaker 1: another one nearby, again, you're dead because you have to breathe, 340 00:21:10,760 --> 00:21:12,879 Speaker 1: so you can't. You're gonna drown before you make it 341 00:21:12,920 --> 00:21:15,639 Speaker 1: to the next pollinia. So they actually live in a 342 00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:20,760 Speaker 1: really dangerous like right on the edge of survivability in 343 00:21:20,800 --> 00:21:23,840 Speaker 1: a lot of ways. And they think that they are 344 00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:28,600 Speaker 1: very genetically um homogeneous, and they think that the reason 345 00:21:28,640 --> 00:21:32,800 Speaker 1: why is that back in yes, basically, which is surprising 346 00:21:32,840 --> 00:21:36,080 Speaker 1: for how smart they are, but they they think they're 347 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:38,520 Speaker 1: genetically homogeneous, and they think the reason why is that 348 00:21:38,560 --> 00:21:42,840 Speaker 1: there were multiple die offs of narwhal's getting trapped in 349 00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:46,920 Speaker 1: these frozen over pollinias, so much so that it had 350 00:21:46,960 --> 00:21:50,159 Speaker 1: like a major impact on the diversity of their population, 351 00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:52,879 Speaker 1: and they faced an evolutionary bottle knick at one point, 352 00:21:53,400 --> 00:21:56,040 Speaker 1: and then once the ice agended, they started to expand again, 353 00:21:56,560 --> 00:22:00,520 Speaker 1: but they were a little dim as a result. That 354 00:22:00,560 --> 00:22:04,000 Speaker 1: should be a new t shirt. I'm not in bred, 355 00:22:04,160 --> 00:22:11,480 Speaker 1: I'm genetically homogeneous. Right, nice? Oh? Uh? Should we take 356 00:22:11,480 --> 00:22:15,360 Speaker 1: another break? Sure? Let's man, because I think if I'm 357 00:22:15,400 --> 00:22:17,280 Speaker 1: not mistaken, we're going to come back and talk about 358 00:22:17,280 --> 00:22:20,200 Speaker 1: the tusk. Right. The tusk in Act three is going 359 00:22:20,280 --> 00:22:50,920 Speaker 1: to kill somebody? Will it be you? All right? Josh? 360 00:22:50,960 --> 00:22:53,359 Speaker 1: Everyone has been speared by a tusk. It was me. 361 00:22:54,080 --> 00:22:56,800 Speaker 1: I'm gonna have to carry on alone for the next 362 00:22:56,800 --> 00:23:01,040 Speaker 1: ten years. It's really just a flesh wound. No, no, no, 363 00:23:01,119 --> 00:23:06,200 Speaker 1: you're you're dead, feel betta. Uh. So Katie makes a 364 00:23:06,280 --> 00:23:08,840 Speaker 1: point to talk about human teeth for a second. We 365 00:23:08,920 --> 00:23:11,720 Speaker 1: won't go down that rabbit hole too much, um, except 366 00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:14,720 Speaker 1: to say that human teeth are hard on the outside 367 00:23:15,400 --> 00:23:19,560 Speaker 1: to protect the soft pulp and nerves and blood on 368 00:23:19,600 --> 00:23:22,840 Speaker 1: the inside. Uh. And that is very important distinction, because 369 00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:26,520 Speaker 1: the narwhale is the opposite of that. Which is really interesting, 370 00:23:27,480 --> 00:23:30,520 Speaker 1: was that a rabbit hole with the teeth. No, not 371 00:23:30,520 --> 00:23:33,640 Speaker 1: not Chuck's version. Okay, Oh, I see what you're saying, 372 00:23:33,640 --> 00:23:37,600 Speaker 1: because I think you did a great job. Thanks, But yeah, 373 00:23:37,640 --> 00:23:39,840 Speaker 1: you set it up perfectly, Chucked. The normal has the 374 00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:43,879 Speaker 1: opposite of that, like this sensitive part is on the 375 00:23:43,880 --> 00:23:46,080 Speaker 1: outside and the hard part is on the inside, which 376 00:23:46,119 --> 00:23:50,080 Speaker 1: is insane. Yeah, it's really interesting. There are ten million 377 00:23:50,680 --> 00:23:55,040 Speaker 1: tiny little holes on the surface of that tusk. Uh. 378 00:23:55,240 --> 00:23:57,560 Speaker 1: And even though human teeth have these same holes are 379 00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:01,320 Speaker 1: covered with enamel. But there are different theories on why 380 00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:04,960 Speaker 1: the tusk would need to be sensitive, and they sound 381 00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:08,440 Speaker 1: pretty good to me, Like that it's a sensor, Yeah, 382 00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:12,919 Speaker 1: that that basically it's it's detecting things like salinity, water, 383 00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:18,240 Speaker 1: temperature currents, maybe sure um or it might be able 384 00:24:18,280 --> 00:24:24,040 Speaker 1: to um to detect atmospheric pressure above or barometric pressure 385 00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:28,280 Speaker 1: above the water, see where the weather is changing. There's 386 00:24:28,280 --> 00:24:30,800 Speaker 1: all sorts of things that that it could be or 387 00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:35,080 Speaker 1: it could do, and maybe it does multiple things. However, uh. 388 00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:38,760 Speaker 1: Katie points out rightfully that very few females have these 389 00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:42,159 Speaker 1: tusks at all. So if it's how important could it 390 00:24:42,200 --> 00:24:45,520 Speaker 1: be to their survival? If if most of the females 391 00:24:45,520 --> 00:24:48,800 Speaker 1: don't even have them, right, so that led Darwin, and 392 00:24:48,840 --> 00:24:52,800 Speaker 1: apparently his his hypothesis is still the most widely held one, 393 00:24:53,119 --> 00:24:57,760 Speaker 1: that it's a secondary sex characteristic, like um, like moose 394 00:24:57,760 --> 00:25:01,520 Speaker 1: antlers or something like that, like or how dear male 395 00:25:01,600 --> 00:25:04,600 Speaker 1: deer have horns, like check out the size of my tusk, 396 00:25:04,760 --> 00:25:07,520 Speaker 1: ladies that. But also it's like, hey, I'm a dude, 397 00:25:08,080 --> 00:25:10,119 Speaker 1: you don't have these. You're a lady kind of thing, right, 398 00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:12,119 Speaker 1: Why would the females have them at all? Then? I 399 00:25:12,160 --> 00:25:15,280 Speaker 1: don't know that's the weird thing, because something like of 400 00:25:15,359 --> 00:25:20,000 Speaker 1: female normalls have these tusks. Yeah, I mean, some people 401 00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:22,280 Speaker 1: have said that they use them to duel with one another, 402 00:25:23,080 --> 00:25:26,919 Speaker 1: but um, there hasn't been a lot of evidence to 403 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:29,239 Speaker 1: point to that. No. And plus now that we know 404 00:25:29,280 --> 00:25:32,080 Speaker 1: that they're actually sensitive on the outside, that just undermines 405 00:25:32,119 --> 00:25:34,840 Speaker 1: that even more. Yeah, they sometimes to still say they 406 00:25:34,920 --> 00:25:38,239 Speaker 1: might use it as a way to establish dominance at 407 00:25:38,280 --> 00:25:41,639 Speaker 1: least maybe it's different than fighting, right, And they do 408 00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:45,280 Speaker 1: touch tusks, but supposedly it's gently and it's a it's 409 00:25:45,280 --> 00:25:49,160 Speaker 1: a behavior called tusking. It's not hostile or aggressive. It's 410 00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:51,119 Speaker 1: something else and we're not quite sure what it is. 411 00:25:51,160 --> 00:25:56,199 Speaker 1: But they don't think it's fighting sometimes, they've said, and 412 00:25:56,200 --> 00:25:58,359 Speaker 1: there's no evidence for this that they use the tusk 413 00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:02,240 Speaker 1: for breaking through ice or spearing prey, like I said earlier, 414 00:26:02,280 --> 00:26:06,040 Speaker 1: But I don't. I don't know if those hold water. No. 415 00:26:06,320 --> 00:26:08,880 Speaker 1: I think it's probably most likely that it has developed 416 00:26:08,920 --> 00:26:12,880 Speaker 1: into some sort of antenna basically. But we didn't even 417 00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:15,600 Speaker 1: talk about what the tusk actually is. Yeah. Well, I 418 00:26:15,600 --> 00:26:17,440 Speaker 1: said it's a tooth early on, but it's a little 419 00:26:17,480 --> 00:26:20,120 Speaker 1: bit more than it's a supertooth. It is a supertooth again. 420 00:26:20,160 --> 00:26:23,840 Speaker 1: It's like a nine foot long tooth that starts out 421 00:26:23,880 --> 00:26:27,840 Speaker 1: in the narwhal's mouth and just grows upward and punctures 422 00:26:27,880 --> 00:26:31,920 Speaker 1: its lip and just starts growing out and that screws out. Yeah, 423 00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:34,520 Speaker 1: it does. The cork shows out. It's a a spiral. 424 00:26:34,560 --> 00:26:38,359 Speaker 1: It's one of the only spiral teeth in the animal kingdom. Yeah, 425 00:26:38,359 --> 00:26:40,720 Speaker 1: and the only straight one, which is really interesting because 426 00:26:40,720 --> 00:26:44,360 Speaker 1: when you think of walruses or elephants um and all 427 00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:48,040 Speaker 1: that ivory is is god that curved tusk, and this 428 00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:50,320 Speaker 1: one is straight like a unicorn, which is what makes 429 00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:53,159 Speaker 1: it look so interesting. I think for sure. Yeah, it's 430 00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:58,000 Speaker 1: straight and spiral. That's a unicorn, right, there. Uh, and 431 00:26:58,040 --> 00:27:00,879 Speaker 1: there can be two of them too, right, yeah, because 432 00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:04,760 Speaker 1: so the remember you said the name of the Latin 433 00:27:04,880 --> 00:27:08,560 Speaker 1: name of the narwhale is incorrect because they don't just 434 00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:11,119 Speaker 1: have one tooth. They actually have two teeth. It's just 435 00:27:11,160 --> 00:27:14,199 Speaker 1: one of them turns into a tusk. Well, sometimes I 436 00:27:14,200 --> 00:27:16,160 Speaker 1: guess their genes can get all messed up because again, 437 00:27:16,200 --> 00:27:20,200 Speaker 1: remember they have that evolutionary bottleneck um, and the other 438 00:27:20,240 --> 00:27:22,520 Speaker 1: tooth can start growing too, so they might have two 439 00:27:22,560 --> 00:27:28,000 Speaker 1: tusks that are actually they're not symmetrical, they're actually um, 440 00:27:28,040 --> 00:27:30,840 Speaker 1: they actually are just basically two versions of the same thing. 441 00:27:32,040 --> 00:27:35,439 Speaker 1: But it's pretty rare when that happens allegedly. Yeah, and 442 00:27:35,480 --> 00:27:38,960 Speaker 1: here's the fact of the show for me that we 443 00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:41,199 Speaker 1: haven't done a fact of the show and while actually no, 444 00:27:41,320 --> 00:27:48,080 Speaker 1: we haven't drink. Uh. The tusk is flexible. When I 445 00:27:48,119 --> 00:27:52,439 Speaker 1: see that thing, it looks like a a broadsword, but 446 00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:54,879 Speaker 1: this thing can actually bend up to a foot in 447 00:27:54,920 --> 00:27:59,479 Speaker 1: any direction without breaking and goes borrowing. Did you think 448 00:27:59,520 --> 00:28:02,600 Speaker 1: they were No? I didn't really give much thought to it. Yes, 449 00:28:02,640 --> 00:28:04,719 Speaker 1: I think I did. I think I did assume they 450 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:07,360 Speaker 1: were stiff, but then once I heard that they were flexible, 451 00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:09,720 Speaker 1: I'm like, yeah, of course they'd have to be. That 452 00:28:09,760 --> 00:28:11,960 Speaker 1: would hurt to just have that thing brittle and break 453 00:28:11,960 --> 00:28:13,760 Speaker 1: off at the drop of the hats. You mean you 454 00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:16,960 Speaker 1: haven't been going around in life wondering about the norwhal tusk, 455 00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:19,960 Speaker 1: right and the rigidity. But think about that, man, if 456 00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:22,679 Speaker 1: you bend it almost a foot back, I'll bet that 457 00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:25,879 Speaker 1: would I feel like bending your fingernail back to the 458 00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:29,920 Speaker 1: degree you know, you think I would be worse. Even 459 00:28:29,960 --> 00:28:32,159 Speaker 1: if that thing is as sensitive as it is, is 460 00:28:32,160 --> 00:28:34,679 Speaker 1: it supposed to be well and it can break, So 461 00:28:34,800 --> 00:28:39,040 Speaker 1: that's just like, oh man, yeah, but I wonder if 462 00:28:39,040 --> 00:28:42,800 Speaker 1: the thing is not essential for survival. Is a narwhal 463 00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:46,680 Speaker 1: without a tusk fine after it's broken off, or maybe 464 00:28:46,680 --> 00:28:49,360 Speaker 1: they're like, thank god, right now I can eat like 465 00:28:49,360 --> 00:28:51,920 Speaker 1: a normal whale and things getting in the way. I 466 00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:55,800 Speaker 1: felt so self conscious about it. Uh The norwhal is 467 00:28:55,880 --> 00:28:58,520 Speaker 1: under threat because, like you mentioned and you went, hunters 468 00:28:59,000 --> 00:29:01,920 Speaker 1: are allowed to hunt them because it's something that they've 469 00:29:01,920 --> 00:29:06,880 Speaker 1: done since time immemorial, and uh so they are allowed 470 00:29:06,880 --> 00:29:10,320 Speaker 1: to still hunt them in certain numbers. Sometimes they do 471 00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:14,080 Speaker 1: this with the old fashioned way with harpoons, and sometimes 472 00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:17,080 Speaker 1: they have rifles and um, I'm not sure how often 473 00:29:17,120 --> 00:29:20,600 Speaker 1: this happens, but Katie does say sometimes they will shoot 474 00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:22,240 Speaker 1: an ar wall only to have it sink dead to 475 00:29:22,280 --> 00:29:25,360 Speaker 1: the ocean floor or escape wounded. I'm sure that with 476 00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:29,240 Speaker 1: all hunting that is a possibility. Yeah, And I think 477 00:29:29,280 --> 00:29:32,560 Speaker 1: they found very recently there was like a bunch of 478 00:29:32,560 --> 00:29:36,520 Speaker 1: slaughtered narwhale um who had just had their band name, 479 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:40,120 Speaker 1: had their tusks carved out, but the rest was just 480 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:43,480 Speaker 1: left to rot. So it's just a total waste by poachers. 481 00:29:44,360 --> 00:29:47,520 Speaker 1: And they've done a pretty good job of cutting down 482 00:29:47,560 --> 00:29:53,600 Speaker 1: the illegal narwhale um trade. I've rey trade yet it's 483 00:29:53,600 --> 00:29:56,440 Speaker 1: considered that, but I guess in the United States you 484 00:29:56,480 --> 00:29:59,720 Speaker 1: can still sell it if it was in the country 485 00:30:00,280 --> 00:30:03,280 Speaker 1: prior to the band, and I'm sure that probably extends 486 00:30:03,320 --> 00:30:07,240 Speaker 1: to all ivory. I think some like an narwhal tusk 487 00:30:07,920 --> 00:30:11,080 Speaker 1: sold for it was like a double tusk or something. 488 00:30:11,600 --> 00:30:13,920 Speaker 1: It was actually down a lot because it used to 489 00:30:13,920 --> 00:30:17,959 Speaker 1: be a lot more back, especially in the medieval age. Yeah. Well, 490 00:30:17,960 --> 00:30:19,800 Speaker 1: if you meet someone at a party and they have 491 00:30:20,440 --> 00:30:24,440 Speaker 1: they brag about their brooch made of narwhale ivory, punch 492 00:30:24,480 --> 00:30:30,600 Speaker 1: them in the face. You get them chuck. Uh. The 493 00:30:30,640 --> 00:30:34,840 Speaker 1: Inuits though too. They do actually eat um, the top 494 00:30:34,920 --> 00:30:37,600 Speaker 1: layer of skin and blubber. They're not um, they're not 495 00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:40,080 Speaker 1: the poachers that we're talking about. No. No, that that 496 00:30:40,200 --> 00:30:44,920 Speaker 1: stuff is called muck tuck or mock talk. And it's 497 00:30:45,080 --> 00:30:50,680 Speaker 1: extraordinarily essential for the um Native Inuits survival up there 498 00:30:50,960 --> 00:30:53,120 Speaker 1: because they don't get a lot of sunlight, not a 499 00:30:53,120 --> 00:30:57,080 Speaker 1: lot of limes growing around, and it's a excellent source 500 00:30:57,080 --> 00:31:00,600 Speaker 1: of vitamin C and um. They actually we are able 501 00:31:00,640 --> 00:31:04,920 Speaker 1: to survive up there by eating this stuff. So yeah, 502 00:31:04,960 --> 00:31:07,160 Speaker 1: there's there's a lot of good reason for them to hunt, 503 00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:10,800 Speaker 1: let alone just the cultural stuff. Um. But yeah, the 504 00:31:10,840 --> 00:31:14,360 Speaker 1: poaching is unjustifiable no matter who's doing it. Yeah, and 505 00:31:14,360 --> 00:31:16,240 Speaker 1: then you know there that's the human side of things. 506 00:31:16,280 --> 00:31:21,880 Speaker 1: There's also polar bears, walruses, orcas. They will all try 507 00:31:21,960 --> 00:31:25,440 Speaker 1: if they can catch those fast dudes and ladies swimming 508 00:31:25,480 --> 00:31:27,920 Speaker 1: under the water. They will definitely dine on them if 509 00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:31,480 Speaker 1: given the opportunity, right, which again that orca has that 510 00:31:31,560 --> 00:31:33,960 Speaker 1: dorsal ridge, not a fin, so they can conceivably get 511 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:37,640 Speaker 1: away from orcas. Here's the thing. What happens when the 512 00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:40,680 Speaker 1: climate changes and the sea I starts to melt a 513 00:31:40,680 --> 00:31:43,120 Speaker 1: little bit all of a sudden, those orcas have been 514 00:31:43,160 --> 00:31:45,720 Speaker 1: waiting there like I've been waiting a thousand years for 515 00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:48,640 Speaker 1: this minute, and they go get you, and you're in 516 00:31:48,720 --> 00:31:50,760 Speaker 1: our wall and you're in trouble and it's actually a 517 00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:54,160 Speaker 1: big threat against our walls. Right now, they were um 518 00:31:54,360 --> 00:31:59,640 Speaker 1: voted the mammal you know, yeah, the marine mammal least 519 00:31:59,720 --> 00:32:04,120 Speaker 1: likely to survive melting ice flows. Wow, because they're just 520 00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:07,880 Speaker 1: so they're so dependent on them. Like, wherever the ice is, 521 00:32:08,080 --> 00:32:10,320 Speaker 1: that's where the nar walls are at any given point 522 00:32:10,320 --> 00:32:13,120 Speaker 1: in the year. That's where there their food is. That's 523 00:32:13,600 --> 00:32:17,280 Speaker 1: that's where they they procreate, That's that's where they live. 524 00:32:17,360 --> 00:32:21,760 Speaker 1: And if there's not ice flows, they're in trouble. Sad well, 525 00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:23,760 Speaker 1: it wouldn't be a stuff should episode if we didn't 526 00:32:23,840 --> 00:32:27,120 Speaker 1: end it on a bummer. That's right. Uh. If you 527 00:32:27,120 --> 00:32:30,040 Speaker 1: want to know more about nar walls, you can type 528 00:32:30,040 --> 00:32:32,520 Speaker 1: that word into the search bar at how stuff works 529 00:32:32,560 --> 00:32:35,080 Speaker 1: dot com. And since I said nar whale, it's time 530 00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:43,960 Speaker 1: for listener mayo. I'm gonna call this oh interesting follow 531 00:32:44,040 --> 00:32:46,880 Speaker 1: up from a long time ago. Hey guys, I'm from 532 00:32:46,880 --> 00:32:54,640 Speaker 1: a Doncaster, England, which who knows, maybe that's pronounced as 533 00:32:54,680 --> 00:33:00,200 Speaker 1: far as I know Denny's. He's from Denny's. Uh uh, 534 00:33:00,440 --> 00:33:02,000 Speaker 1: it's in the north of the country, he says. I 535 00:33:02,040 --> 00:33:04,200 Speaker 1: work for my local council as a repair and maintenance man, 536 00:33:04,520 --> 00:33:06,280 Speaker 1: do a lot of driving around, so your show really 537 00:33:06,280 --> 00:33:09,840 Speaker 1: breaks up my day. And the folklore episode you spoke 538 00:33:09,880 --> 00:33:13,840 Speaker 1: about swearing in the English, who's sticking two fingers up? 539 00:33:14,720 --> 00:33:16,240 Speaker 1: You know, like we shoot the bird and they stick 540 00:33:16,320 --> 00:33:20,240 Speaker 1: the two fingers up like an inverted peace sign or 541 00:33:20,320 --> 00:33:23,280 Speaker 1: backwards peace sign. And he says, I have the reason 542 00:33:23,360 --> 00:33:26,320 Speaker 1: for you right here. This salute dates back to the 543 00:33:26,360 --> 00:33:29,760 Speaker 1: English long bowman who fought the French during the Hundred 544 00:33:29,800 --> 00:33:33,080 Speaker 1: Years War uh, which is not a hundred years by 545 00:33:33,120 --> 00:33:35,880 Speaker 1: the way. The French hated the English archers, who used 546 00:33:35,880 --> 00:33:38,760 Speaker 1: the long bow with such devastating effect. Any English archers 547 00:33:38,760 --> 00:33:41,000 Speaker 1: who were caught by the French had their index and 548 00:33:41,080 --> 00:33:44,640 Speaker 1: middle finger chopped off from their right hand, a terrible 549 00:33:44,640 --> 00:33:49,920 Speaker 1: penalty for an archer. Yes, Daniel, it surely is. I 550 00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:53,360 Speaker 1: love that. It's the worst penalty for an archer. This 551 00:33:53,440 --> 00:33:56,040 Speaker 1: led to the practice of the English archers, especially in 552 00:33:56,160 --> 00:34:00,720 Speaker 1: siege uh siege situations, taunting the French enemy with their 553 00:34:00,720 --> 00:34:04,600 Speaker 1: continued presence by raising two fingers and the two fingered 554 00:34:04,600 --> 00:34:08,360 Speaker 1: salute meaning you haven't cut off my fingers. Pa ha 555 00:34:08,719 --> 00:34:12,839 Speaker 1: finger ears Mm. That interesting. Yeah, I love that one. 556 00:34:12,880 --> 00:34:14,879 Speaker 1: I hadn't heard that one before. That's what he says. 557 00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:16,520 Speaker 1: And he says, by the way, guys have a son. 558 00:34:17,680 --> 00:34:20,560 Speaker 1: I'm to have a son on the tenth of September. Oh. Nice, 559 00:34:20,560 --> 00:34:23,520 Speaker 1: he's got it all scheduled out, I guess. So if 560 00:34:23,520 --> 00:34:25,680 Speaker 1: you read it on the air, shout out to unborn 561 00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:31,080 Speaker 1: Reggie Joshua Halifax. Great middle name, by the way, actually 562 00:34:31,160 --> 00:34:35,280 Speaker 1: great name all around. And that's from Daniel Blue Halifax. Nice. 563 00:34:35,360 --> 00:34:37,360 Speaker 1: Thanks a lot, Daniel. That was a great letter. It 564 00:34:37,480 --> 00:34:41,239 Speaker 1: was not from Halifax, no, but his last name is Halifax, 565 00:34:41,280 --> 00:34:45,719 Speaker 1: so he probably could get a free house there. Right. Yeah, 566 00:34:45,760 --> 00:34:47,359 Speaker 1: that's a good that's how it works. That's a good 567 00:34:47,440 --> 00:34:52,000 Speaker 1: dumb joke. If you thank you. If you want to 568 00:34:52,040 --> 00:34:55,400 Speaker 1: get in touch with us, like Daniel did, ah, you 569 00:34:55,440 --> 00:34:58,399 Speaker 1: can tweet to us. I'm at josh um Clark. There's 570 00:34:58,440 --> 00:35:01,479 Speaker 1: also s y s K Pod asked Chuck's at movie 571 00:35:01,480 --> 00:35:04,920 Speaker 1: crush Pod on Twitter too. I'm on Instagram at joshuam 572 00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:09,600 Speaker 1: Clark as well. Uh, there's uh Facebook a plenty. Chuck's 573 00:35:09,640 --> 00:35:14,319 Speaker 1: at movie Crush Pod on Facebook. Right yeah, Snapchatt us 574 00:35:14,400 --> 00:35:18,080 Speaker 1: do whatever, So I'm not done. There's Facebook dot com 575 00:35:18,080 --> 00:35:20,880 Speaker 1: slash stuff you should know. There's Facebook dot com slash 576 00:35:20,960 --> 00:35:24,239 Speaker 1: Charles W. Chuck Bryant. It's a Facebook bananza. You can 577 00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:26,799 Speaker 1: also send us an email to Stuff Podcast at how 578 00:35:26,840 --> 00:35:28,919 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. It is always showing this sitter 579 00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:36,000 Speaker 1: home on the web. Stuff you should have dot com 580 00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:38,440 Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics. Is 581 00:35:38,480 --> 00:35:47,239 Speaker 1: it how stuff Works dot com