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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey you welcome to Stuff to Blow

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Speaker 1: your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Christian Seger,

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Speaker 1: and we are back for the fourth Creepy Pasta episode

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Speaker 1: that we've done together. That's a lot of creepy pastas

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Speaker 1: it is. I wasn't sure we were gonna we're gonna

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Speaker 1: be able to actually squeeze out a fourth one, and

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Speaker 1: yet behold, here it is. And honestly, people have asked

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Speaker 1: for this. A lot of people have written in and

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Speaker 1: said how much they like the Creepy Pasta episodes that

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Speaker 1: we've done. Now I'm trying to recall this because I've

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Speaker 1: done this is my third Halloween on the show. We've

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Speaker 1: done one for each Halloween. But I think we did

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Speaker 1: one off season maybe as well. I think so. I

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Speaker 1: think the first one was off season and then we

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Speaker 1: came back or maybe the second one something like that. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so we have If you're unfamiliar with Creepy pastas, we

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Speaker 1: will set this all up for you. But this is

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Speaker 1: uh And by the way, it being the warth doesn't

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Speaker 1: mean that you have to go back and listen to

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Speaker 1: the other three either. Like they're not at all connected. Uh,

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Speaker 1: this is just like a fun kind of halloween ish

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Speaker 1: thing that we've been doing on the show for a

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Speaker 1: while now. Yeah, and it's a it's actually rounding out

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Speaker 1: our our Halloween, our month of our month plus of

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Speaker 1: Halloween content because this is airing the Thursday following Halloween

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Speaker 1: two thousand seventeen. So if you're sitting there at home

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Speaker 1: and you're going, I don't know what a creepy pasta is,

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Speaker 1: this is very weird if you keep saying that word. Okay,

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Speaker 1: here's the real brief. Visit to it again. Uh. Creepy

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Speaker 1: pastas are these viral copy and paste texts that are

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Speaker 1: in the form of horror stories. They evolved from the

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Speaker 1: term copy pasta, which was essentially when people would copy

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Speaker 1: and paste like like made up letters or fiction to

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Speaker 1: each other and send them around in chain emails, right.

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Speaker 1: Or Another example of just pure copy pops so that

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Speaker 1: I've encountered is is on these various question and answer

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Speaker 1: websites where someone will say, like this is specific example,

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Speaker 1: someone's like, oh, I have to get a prostate exam

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Speaker 1: tomorrow at the doctor's office. What's going to happen? Should

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Speaker 1: I be concerned, and then somebody drops some ultimately like

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Speaker 1: hollacious or scandalous story about what happened to them. And

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Speaker 1: then if you take that that copy and you search

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Speaker 1: for it, you see, oh, this exists in various places.

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Speaker 1: This is just like a grab bag bit of text

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Speaker 1: that somebody will distribute as needed to freak people out. Exactly.

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Speaker 1: That's kind of the fun of it is that they

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Speaker 1: take the shape of urban legends. They appear like things

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Speaker 1: that have actually happened. Right, This is sort of fake

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Speaker 1: news before fake news, right, people saying this happened to

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Speaker 1: me on the Internet and everybody going wait what and

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Speaker 1: kind of like circling around back and realizing that it's

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Speaker 1: just like for fun. It's like, it's like fake news

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Speaker 1: that became self aware, because because now you'll have websites

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Speaker 1: where where creepy pasta is curated and even composed and

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Speaker 1: shared exclusively with the creepypasta community. Yeah, exactly. And so

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Speaker 1: the whole idea here is that they're mimicking these first

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Speaker 1: person accounts, and the ones that were usually gravitating towards

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Speaker 1: are the ones that appear to be scientific ones. Right.

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Speaker 1: We've usually covered ones in the past that claimed to

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Speaker 1: be uh scientific laboratory conditions or something like that. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: or ones that at least actually have get their roots into,

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Speaker 1: you know, cognition or human behavior or I don't know,

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Speaker 1: go a little deeper than just a pure jump scare

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Speaker 1: and right. Yeah. In fact, you know, I only just

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Speaker 1: now remember this. There's a TV show on sci Fi

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Speaker 1: that is taking creepy pastas and adapting them into like

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Speaker 1: season length television shows. I think they're like five or

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Speaker 1: six episodes. I haven't seen it yet. But in fact,

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Speaker 1: actually last year you and I were interviewed by Playboy

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Speaker 1: magazine because they were looking for somebody who knew sort

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Speaker 1: of how to talk about creepy pastas beyond like the

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Speaker 1: websites that they're on. And that was fun too, so

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Speaker 1: we we had an opportunity to talk about sort of

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Speaker 1: just like the mechanics of the creepy pasta. Right now,

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Speaker 1: a lot of the pasta, the creepy pasta out there

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Speaker 1: is going to be authorless, but you see that changing

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Speaker 1: more and more with the you know, actual authors contributing

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Speaker 1: their pieces. And then likewise they range and greatly in length.

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Speaker 1: I tend to like the short ones, and they also

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Speaker 1: range from things that are just kind of like, hey,

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Speaker 1: this thing happened, can you believe it? Or sort of

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Speaker 1: Wikipedia style entries to things that are more clearly attempts

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Speaker 1: at a at at at a narrative structure. So the

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Speaker 1: most popular one that those of you out there have

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Speaker 1: probably heard of before and you might not even realize, oh,

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Speaker 1: that's a creepy pasta is slender Man. And we talked

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Speaker 1: a lot about slender Man in the previous episodes, so

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Speaker 1: I'm not going to do a lot of deep dive

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Speaker 1: onto that here. But really, the genre of creepy pasta

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Speaker 1: seems to have hit its peak somewhere around two thousand

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Speaker 1: and ten. It's still chucking along. People are still doing them,

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Speaker 1: making them. In fact, like when I went to go

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Speaker 1: research for this episode, I was shocked at how many

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Speaker 1: more there still were, you know, but I think like

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Speaker 1: the height of it being covered in other media has

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Speaker 1: maybe passed. Yeah. Plus, I I wonder how it's changing

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Speaker 1: to a with the rise of fake news and you know,

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Speaker 1: intentionally misleading um bits of content that are out there,

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Speaker 1: as well as things that are maybe not quite tied

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Speaker 1: to an effort to distort the truth, but are just

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Speaker 1: tied to get clicks I'm thinking of those. Yeah, they

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Speaker 1: will generally be like a series of four or more,

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Speaker 1: depending how crappy the website is. Um little thumbnails at

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Speaker 1: the bottom of the page, and they generally have like

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Speaker 1: a picture of like something kind of mysteriously fleshy, and

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Speaker 1: and then some sort of you know, clickbait headline. I think, actually,

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Speaker 1: it's it's fair to point out that sometimes in the

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Speaker 1: history of stuff to blow your mind, you may have

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Speaker 1: seen such a thing at the bottom of our website.

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Speaker 1: That's beyond our control, right, but those ads are sort

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Speaker 1: of placed there by like powers beyond our own. I

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Speaker 1: wonder if there's a potential for a new genre. I

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Speaker 1: guess you could call it creep Uh let's see, it's

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Speaker 1: it's clickbaits will be creepy bait. I don't know, creepy

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Speaker 1: BAITA like that. Yeah, yeah, exactly. You create an entire

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Speaker 1: business around churning out creepy baits with like weird little

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Speaker 1: thumbnails that would sit on the bottom of sites, and

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Speaker 1: people click on them and think they're reading a story

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Speaker 1: that's like you won't believe these five celebrities who aren't

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Speaker 1: allowed in Hollywood anymore. And then but like it's actually

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Speaker 1: a horror story that is a great idea for a business.

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Speaker 1: Let's start that, all right. So in this episode we

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Speaker 1: have we have each gone out into the wilds of

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Speaker 1: creepy pasta and once more brought back a couple of

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Speaker 1: topics to tackle tease apart and try and find some

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Speaker 1: stuff to blow your own content about. You retrieve too,

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Speaker 1: from the wilds I retrieved to. Now you probably want

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Speaker 1: to touch on the source for your two creepy pastas. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so our last creepy pasta Creepy Pasta three. If you're

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Speaker 1: keeping track, these are like horror movies. The way that

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Speaker 1: we're calculating them was all about something called SCP, which

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Speaker 1: was brought to our attention by several listeners. The SCP

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Speaker 1: foundation is this collection of scientific creepy pastas that's out there,

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Speaker 1: and the idea is it's as if there's this warehouse

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Speaker 1: of oddities that are collected and contained somewhere, kind of

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Speaker 1: like that TV show warehouse. Their teen um and the

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Speaker 1: guidelines are basically that the articles should have an interesting idea,

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Speaker 1: reasonable containment procedures for the creepy pasta, and a clear

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Speaker 1: description with each entry. They operate on a rating system

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Speaker 1: so the community actually up votes and down votes based

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Speaker 1: on what their favorite ones are. And both of my

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Speaker 1: suggestions today come from a listener named Austin who suggested

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Speaker 1: a bunch of s cps for us right after Creepy

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Speaker 1: pasta three, and they have a bunch. It's it's a

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Speaker 1: very fun website to just browse through and click on

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Speaker 1: things and see just how how absurd and or legitimately

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Speaker 1: creepy each entry is because there's a lot of humor

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Speaker 1: on that website. Whichever very much. Yeah, yeah, and uh

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Speaker 1: it is You're not wrong, there's like thousands. Now. That

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Speaker 1: was the thing that kind of overwhelmed me is I

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Speaker 1: was like, how am I gonna do this? But luckily

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Speaker 1: Austin pointed out two great ones that I'm gonna work

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Speaker 1: with today. So my first is called s E P

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Speaker 1: nine six two. That's its designation, but we can call

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Speaker 1: it the Tower of Babel for our purpose. And you

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Speaker 1: have to stress how Babel is spelled here. Yeah b

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Speaker 1: A B B L E. Now, uh, I'm gonna just

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Speaker 1: summarize this because I think it would take too much

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Speaker 1: time to read the whole thing. But I recommend, like,

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Speaker 1: if you're into this idea, just go to Google and

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Speaker 1: type in SCP nine six two and the whole thing

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Speaker 1: will pull up. Um. But the gist of the Tower

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Speaker 1: of Babel in this creepy pasta is that there's this

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Speaker 1: large steel tower that has been found by human beings

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Speaker 1: and it produces these animal human hybrid servitors that are

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Speaker 1: under its control. They basically come out of the bottom

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Speaker 1: of this thing and they go within a like a

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Speaker 1: short radius of the tower to recover local resources, and

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Speaker 1: it's implied that these resources are brought back to the

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Speaker 1: tower to help rebuild the tower itself, to do some

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Speaker 1: kind of crazy experiments inside of it, and possibly to

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Speaker 1: create these servitors as well. Uh. They're described as being

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Speaker 1: sort of like likened thrope cyborgs, like they're half animal

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Speaker 1: half human, but they've got cybernetic implants kind of and

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Speaker 1: they're they also outside of the mining and like gathering materials,

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Speaker 1: they also hunt animals, so they'll kill animals and bring

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Speaker 1: back their bodies to the tower, but they will not

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Speaker 1: harm human beings. Is made very clear that that human

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Speaker 1: beings are in some way uh revered by this tower,

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Speaker 1: which may be sentient or there may be something inside

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Speaker 1: the tower that's sentient. That's sending all this stuff out. Now,

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Speaker 1: what do they do with the animals they bring back, Well,

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Speaker 1: it's unclear. They maybe make more servitors out of them,

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Speaker 1: and that's something I'm going to cover and looking at

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Speaker 1: the science here. But also, the tower will occasionally release

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Speaker 1: these balloons, and the balloons will have high quality writings

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Speaker 1: attached to them, and the writings sometimes go a little crazy,

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Speaker 1: like sometimes they're they're like little short stories, sometimes their poems,

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Speaker 1: sometimes their rants. And the rants seem to be the

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Speaker 1: ones that like give us a glimpse at the actual

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Speaker 1: personality of the Tower, and it seems to worship humanity

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Speaker 1: and it refers to humanity as the great Ones over

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Speaker 1: and over again. Wow, in your description of all of this,

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Speaker 1: I am picturing it as an as a Monty Python

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Speaker 1: animation by Terry Gilliam. I feel like that's probably the

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Speaker 1: purest expression that would be great. Actually, yeah, you know what,

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Speaker 1: it makes me think of Brazil a little bit. Oh yeah, yeah. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So the thing that makes the balloons tied into all

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Speaker 1: this resource collection is that the balloons are made out

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Speaker 1: of the skin of animals that are recovered. So it's

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Speaker 1: very strange. Um, now I want to look at two

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Speaker 1: things that came out of this for me. The first

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Speaker 1: is animal human hybrids, which is a favorite topic of

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Speaker 1: ours on the show. We've talked about it before on

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Speaker 1: our X Files episode that Joe and I did two

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Speaker 1: X Files episodes where we we got into hybrids and chimeras.

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Speaker 1: This was two years ago maybe. And then Robert, you

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Speaker 1: and I did an episode all about the myth of

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Speaker 1: the human z the human Chimpanze hybrid. Yeah, well the

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Speaker 1: myth and then the the actual history there and that.

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Speaker 1: That was a fun episode and if I remember correctly,

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Speaker 1: Joe Rogan's favorite episode. Rogan was thrilled about that episode. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Uh so, if you haven't heard that, go back and

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Speaker 1: listen to it. That's a fun one. That's it's one

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Speaker 1: of my favorites. Actually. Uh Now, I want to start

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Speaker 1: actually by reading a quote to you. Okay, and I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna I'm not going to tell the audience who this

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Speaker 1: quote is from before I go ahead and say it.

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Speaker 1: So here we go. A hopeful society has institutions of

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Speaker 1: science and medicine that do not cut ethical corners, and

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Speaker 1: that recognize the matchless value of every life. Tonight, I

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Speaker 1: ask you to pass legislation to prohibit the most egregious

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Speaker 1: abuses of medical research, human cloning in all its forms,

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Speaker 1: creating or implanting embryos for experiments, creating human animal hybrids,

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Speaker 1: and buying, selling, or patenting human embryos. Human life is

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Speaker 1: a gift from our creator, and that gift should never

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Speaker 1: be discarded, devalued, or put up for sale. So who

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Speaker 1: do you think that was? I am getting I'm gonna

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Speaker 1: go make a wild guess and say that that was

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Speaker 1: Senator Joe squirrel Man because he doesn't want his genetic

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Speaker 1: data to be sold. It was actually former President George W.

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Speaker 1: Bush from his State of the Union in two thousand six.

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Speaker 1: And as some of our listeners know, I have my

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Speaker 1: master's degree in presidential rhetoric, and I was watching the

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Speaker 1: State of the Union at the time. I love watching

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Speaker 1: State of the Unions there. It's kind of a weird,

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Speaker 1: like they're my super Bowl basically, And uh, I was

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Speaker 1: watching it and I went, wait a minute, Like I

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Speaker 1: did like a double take, and I was like, did

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Speaker 1: he say human animal hybrids? Like? Has he gone so

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Speaker 1: far off the deep end that he thinks like werewolves

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Speaker 1: are a thing? You know? I was really like where

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Speaker 1: did this come from? You know? And it turns out

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Speaker 1: that this was actually an issue at the time, like

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Speaker 1: in scientific experimentation that was kind of rearing its head up,

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Speaker 1: and so I think Bush like from his ethical standpoint,

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Speaker 1: was trying to tackle it. But actually this is when

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Speaker 1: I became aware that experiments to create human animal chimeras

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Speaker 1: are ineligible for public funding here in the United States.

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Speaker 1: So you you cannot the government will not help pay

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Speaker 1: for anything that's even semi related to that. Yeah, And now,

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Speaker 1: of course it's it's it's worth driving home that that

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Speaker 1: the the actual experiments that are not being funded in

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Speaker 1: these cases are not experiments to create humans these or

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Speaker 1: to create some sort of mutant pig person that will

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Speaker 1: you know, labor in the minds. Uh, they're far more

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Speaker 1: realistic and applicable UM areas here. Like one of the

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Speaker 1: ones that instantly comes to mind, and I believe we've

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Speaker 1: discussed this one in the past on the show is

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Speaker 1: what if you could use a pig to grow human

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Speaker 1: organs within it for organ transplants to humans or any

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Speaker 1: other kind of like tissue or organ and growth. If

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Speaker 1: you could grow it in an animal or on an animal,

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Speaker 1: that would make the whole process easier, right. Yes, in fact,

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Speaker 1: that is exactly what I'm going to talk about here

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Speaker 1: today because I imagined one of the Towers servitors as

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Speaker 1: being pig like, because in the description of the Creepy Pasta,

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Speaker 1: it's specifically said that the way that they're sculpted is

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Speaker 1: to try to make them look more human even though

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Speaker 1: they have animal hybrid features, and it said that like

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Speaker 1: if it has a snout, which I immediately thought of

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Speaker 1: a pig, that the snout would be like cut off.

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Speaker 1: So it's very strange, but so I immediately went to pig,

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Speaker 1: and not for any old reason, but pig. Human hybrids

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Speaker 1: are a thing that have been being worked on for

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Speaker 1: a while, and in fact this year since our Human

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Speaker 1: Z episode, actually there's been some further research on this.

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Speaker 1: So um just a reminder, I mentioned the Human Z

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Speaker 1: episode earlier. Specifically, what we talked about there were something

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Speaker 1: that we're called the Red Frankenstein experiments, and the guy

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Speaker 1: to look up there is Ilia Ivanovich. Ivanov. He was

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Speaker 1: the one who was trying to create a human chimpanzee hybrid.

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Speaker 1: We go all into it in that episode, but if

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Speaker 1: you want to go and look up on your own

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Speaker 1: you know, check out his name. I'll make sure I

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Speaker 1: linked to that episode on the landing page for this one,

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Speaker 1: as well as all previous Creepy Pasta episodes. Yes, so okay. Obviously,

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Speaker 1: outside of George W. Bush's State of the Union speech

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Speaker 1: in two thousand and six, there is a lot of

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Speaker 1: fear and paranoia around the possibility of animal human hybrid right.

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Speaker 1: It just kind of squeaks people out whenever they even

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Speaker 1: think of the idea. It makes it upsets people, which

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Speaker 1: is probably why it's kind of a common trope and

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Speaker 1: horror now in developmental biologists. Stuart Newman was at the

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Speaker 1: New York Medical College in Valhalla, and this is together

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Speaker 1: with Jeremy Rifkin, who's the president of the Foundation of

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Speaker 1: Economic Trends in d C. And they submitted a path

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Speaker 1: and for the chimera of a human Z. And they

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Speaker 1: made this from embryonic cells of humans and chimpanzees. Uh So,

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Speaker 1: Stewart he vowed to secure the patent so he could

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Speaker 1: prevent others from ever making a human Z and exploiting it.

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Speaker 1: This is how much it freaks people out, Like they

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Speaker 1: they actually tried to patent this so they could make

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Speaker 1: sure that no one else could ever try to make

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Speaker 1: something like this. Uh, and so he was actually denied

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Speaker 1: this in two thousand four by the Patent and Trademark Office.

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Speaker 1: Why well, it gets back to something that George W.

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Speaker 1: Bush was talking about in that speech. It's important to

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Speaker 1: remember the U S Patent and Trademark Office actually rejects

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Speaker 1: claims of hybrid patents because they would too closely resemble humans.

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Speaker 1: And you can't patent humanity. You can sell what you

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Speaker 1: can exploit it, but but just no patent, right. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: well it always cracks me up, like when um companies

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Speaker 1: refer to like human collateral or like human human resources,

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Speaker 1: like they're talking about human beings as if they're objects, right,

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Speaker 1: or like like pens that they order from Staples or something. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: if if any word or phrase sounds like it should

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Speaker 1: come from a pig mutant and a giant power, it's

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Speaker 1: human resources along with all those other wonderful words like

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Speaker 1: head count reduction and so yeah, exactly right, like the

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Speaker 1: basically like the the sanitization of like companies doing quote

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Speaker 1: bad things to people. Right. So, actually hybridization is quite

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Speaker 1: common in nature, right. We've all heard of zebra variations

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Speaker 1: like zebras mixed with any other Equis genus species like

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Speaker 1: zoonkies or Hebrews or donkras right. Like, that was a

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Speaker 1: huge thing after Napoleon Dynamite, where everybody thought how cute

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Speaker 1: it was to combine different names of animals. But that's

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Speaker 1: a real thing, uh. In fact, this is when two

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Speaker 1: equine species mate, but because they're compatible enough to breathe,

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Speaker 1: they can actually mate, but unfortunately their offspring are usually sterile.

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Speaker 1: So this is when we get mules instance. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: in the worst cases, for instance, prince to mind African

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Speaker 1: and Asian elephants, there have been cases where they have

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Speaker 1: bread and captivity and the results are if they do

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Speaker 1: produce offspring is generally quite frail and sickly and doesn't Yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that seems to be the case with some of these

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Speaker 1: as well. We also see big cat hybrids that are common.

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Speaker 1: So you've got tigons, liggers, jag lion, jaggue, pars, the

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Speaker 1: all the combinations right in rare cases. Actually, tigons are

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Speaker 1: different from other hybrid progeny. They can actually produce babies. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And there is a small industry that goes around breeding

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Speaker 1: domestic cats with wild relatives to produce like weird exotic hybrids. Right, So, like,

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Speaker 1: I've never seen one of these before, but I'm guessing like,

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Speaker 1: if you're super rich, you're like, I want to breed

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Speaker 1: my tortoise shell cat with a lynx or something, and

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Speaker 1: you get you get like this bizarre cat for your house.

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Speaker 1: I mean, yeah, my world is just when you run

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Speaker 1: out of cat, then the cat person, you know, the

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Speaker 1: cat lady in your social circle. Oh yes, oh yeah,

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Speaker 1: they just seem to show up on my doorstep. That's

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Speaker 1: how it works for me. Uh Also, bottle knows dolphins

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Speaker 1: and false killer whales can breed. These are called hole

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Speaker 1: fens holfens uh as, and so that's another hybrid that

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Speaker 1: we can note here. Almost all of these are infertile. Subsequently,

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Speaker 1: the whole thing, they're doomed to an evolutionary dead end.

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Speaker 1: They just they can't continue breeding. There's even some speculation

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Speaker 1: that human beings once crossbred with neanderthals, so that's worth

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Speaker 1: remembering as well. So, okay, Robert mentioned the pig hybrid

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Speaker 1: and the idea of using them for organ transplantation. This

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Speaker 1: first came about in two thousand three when Chinese scientists

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Speaker 1: at the Shanghai Second Medical University fused human cells with

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Speaker 1: rabbit eggs and this was reportedly the first human animal chimera.

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Speaker 1: Then in two thousand four, researchers is that the Mayo

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Speaker 1: Clinic created pigs with human blood flowing in their bodies.

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Speaker 1: And this is the stuff that kind of led to

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Speaker 1: that George W. Bush section in the State of the Union. Right,

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Speaker 1: these research uh moments popping up, but also stem cell

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Speaker 1: research becoming like a lot bigger and more public. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean it is weird to imagine that, right, to

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Speaker 1: think of this pig that has been engineered to have

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Speaker 1: human blood in it for the purposes of blood donation,

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Speaker 1: and and you know, the the ramifications are not necessarily

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Speaker 1: attractive there. I mean, if you're if you're against say

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Speaker 1: the eating of animals, the raising of pigs for food,

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Speaker 1: then you know, how are you supposed to feel about

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Speaker 1: rearing pigs just so you can drain their blood and

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Speaker 1: sell it. Yeah, it's a for me, it's an ethical

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Speaker 1: thing around along the lines of we were just talking

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Speaker 1: about in our Optography episode about the experiment where they're

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Speaker 1: running album solution through a dog's eyeball while it was

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Speaker 1: still alive to see if optography was real, right, Like,

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Speaker 1: that is a setting to me. But I'm also a vegetarian,

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Speaker 1: and that's kind of part of it, just my ethical standpoint,

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Speaker 1: right Whereas I can totally understand why some people would

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Speaker 1: be like and in fact, I've got data here to

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Speaker 1: talk about this. Every day, twenty two people die because

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Speaker 1: they can't get the organ they need, right, So I

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Speaker 1: can completely understand the concept of saying, well, it's actually

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Speaker 1: worth it to us to grow these pigs with human

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Speaker 1: organs inside of them so that we can harvest those

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Speaker 1: organs and save some of those twenty two people every day. Yeah, Ultimately,

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Speaker 1: you can look at it as the choice, right, Okay,

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Speaker 1: either we're gonna go ahead with with pigs that have

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Speaker 1: human blood and human organs, or you guys get more

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Speaker 1: organized and more committed to attending blood drives and donating

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Speaker 1: your body when you die and having everything set up

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Speaker 1: so that that we don't have to rely on the hybrids. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Do you remember that movie The Island that came out

400
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Speaker 1: a couple of years ago. Oh, Yeah, this was basically

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00:21:52,119 --> 00:21:54,480
Speaker 1: the premise there, except for it was even more horrifying

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Speaker 1: because they were clones of actual people that were raised

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Speaker 1: to maturity so that those people would have exact duplicates

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00:22:01,119 --> 00:22:03,560
Speaker 1: of their organs on hand. Yeah, it's essentially a remake

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Speaker 1: of Clona what no, Yeah, parts the Clonus hor or

406
00:22:07,760 --> 00:22:10,600
Speaker 1: is it Clonus the parts are It was then all

407
00:22:10,640 --> 00:22:13,919
Speaker 1: the industry science theater film. It had Peter Graves in it.

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Speaker 1: It was. It's not bad. Actually it's very watchable, but

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Speaker 1: it's essentially the same plot. Uh, Never let Me Go. Yes, Also,

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00:22:21,200 --> 00:22:25,159
Speaker 1: that's right, entails a similar plot, but there's a lot

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Speaker 1: more intelligence plot. It's a little less um Michael Bay. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: there's less explosions and Never Let Me Go. I've read

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Speaker 1: the book, I've not seen the movie. Yeah, so okay,

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Speaker 1: here's the thing. Earlier this year in seventeen, scientists announced

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Speaker 1: that they had created the first successful animal human hybrid.

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Speaker 1: How they merged human cells into pigs. So technically, actually

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Speaker 1: what they created was a chimera and not a hybrid,

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00:22:53,280 --> 00:22:56,800
Speaker 1: but those two terms get conflated, but basically, a chimera

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Speaker 1: is an organism that contains cells from two different species.

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Speaker 1: The reason why they did it was just what we

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Speaker 1: were talking about right there, to help grow donor donor organs.

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Speaker 1: So this is an international team. It was led by

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Speaker 1: the Salk Institute in California, and they reported their findings

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Speaker 1: in the journal Cell. Their research was funded by private donors.

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Speaker 1: Why well, I'll remind you the United States will not

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Speaker 1: provide any public funding for research like this. So how

427
00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:24,479
Speaker 1: do you make a chimera? Right? If you've got your

428
00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:26,560
Speaker 1: little chemistry set at home and you want to make

429
00:23:26,560 --> 00:23:30,240
Speaker 1: a chimera, you probably can't, but I'll give give you

430
00:23:30,280 --> 00:23:33,520
Speaker 1: a quick description. The first and riskiest way to do

431
00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:36,960
Speaker 1: so is to literally introduce the organs of one animal

432
00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,879
Speaker 1: into another. So it would be like that Christian Slater

433
00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:42,520
Speaker 1: movie where he has a monkey heart? What right? What movies?

434
00:23:42,800 --> 00:23:44,680
Speaker 1: I can't remember what that movie is called, but there's

435
00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:48,760
Speaker 1: a movie where, like it's a romantic teen drama and

436
00:23:48,880 --> 00:23:50,879
Speaker 1: he has like a huge scar over his chest and

437
00:23:50,920 --> 00:23:53,600
Speaker 1: he tells everybody that he's got a monkey's heart and

438
00:23:53,640 --> 00:23:56,600
Speaker 1: it's okay, Yeah, I vaguely remember the trailer. He's like

439
00:23:56,600 --> 00:23:58,760
Speaker 1: a bad boy too, right, He's always a bad boy,

440
00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:03,200
Speaker 1: of course. Yeah. But the host's immune system in this case,

441
00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:06,840
Speaker 1: let's let's say it's Christians later will usually reject these

442
00:24:06,880 --> 00:24:10,399
Speaker 1: other animal organs, right, Uh, So that idea seems a

443
00:24:10,440 --> 00:24:13,000
Speaker 1: little far fetched, but the second way to make a

444
00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:16,560
Speaker 1: chimera is to start at the embryonic level and introduce

445
00:24:16,760 --> 00:24:20,480
Speaker 1: one animal cells into the embryo of another and then

446
00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:25,040
Speaker 1: let them grow into a hybrid. So this followed another

447
00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:28,560
Speaker 1: Salk study that was funded and conducted on mice and rats,

448
00:24:28,560 --> 00:24:31,800
Speaker 1: and what they did. They used the genome editing tool Crisper,

449
00:24:31,840 --> 00:24:35,119
Speaker 1: which comes up a lot both on our show but

450
00:24:35,160 --> 00:24:38,120
Speaker 1: also just kind of in science communication in general. It's

451
00:24:38,160 --> 00:24:41,160
Speaker 1: a hot topic right now. With Crisper, they were able

452
00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:45,520
Speaker 1: to delete the genes that mice need to grow certain organs,

453
00:24:45,520 --> 00:24:48,440
Speaker 1: and then they could use those mice as hosts to

454
00:24:48,640 --> 00:24:54,560
Speaker 1: grow healthy pancreatic tissue for rats. Uh. This allowed those

455
00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:57,800
Speaker 1: organs to flourish inside the mice bodies. The next step

456
00:24:58,080 --> 00:25:01,800
Speaker 1: is essentially to inject rats stem cells into pigs. Now,

457
00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:04,720
Speaker 1: they did this, but that failed because those animals have

458
00:25:04,840 --> 00:25:07,720
Speaker 1: different gestation times, so rats and mice are kind of

459
00:25:07,720 --> 00:25:13,159
Speaker 1: closer together. Pigs are surprisingly closer to humans. Actually this

460
00:25:13,240 --> 00:25:16,000
Speaker 1: surprised me, so their organs are a little more similar,

461
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:19,040
Speaker 1: so that's why they're working with pigs here. They introduced

462
00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:21,520
Speaker 1: three different types of human cells into pigs, and they

463
00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:24,280
Speaker 1: found that with just the right timing, they could get

464
00:25:24,280 --> 00:25:28,520
Speaker 1: those resulting embryos to survive. Once they put these embryos

465
00:25:28,560 --> 00:25:31,960
Speaker 1: in adult pigs, they survived for three to four weeks

466
00:25:31,960 --> 00:25:35,280
Speaker 1: and then the researchers removed them for analysis. So to

467
00:25:35,320 --> 00:25:38,359
Speaker 1: be clear here, there's only actually a low percentage of

468
00:25:38,400 --> 00:25:42,400
Speaker 1: these embryos that survived, and the human tissue within seems

469
00:25:42,480 --> 00:25:46,199
Speaker 1: to grow slower than they expected. So any organs that

470
00:25:46,240 --> 00:25:49,720
Speaker 1: are grown would probably be rejected by humans because they

471
00:25:49,760 --> 00:25:52,720
Speaker 1: have too much pig tissue in them. So the next

472
00:25:52,720 --> 00:25:55,240
Speaker 1: step that this research team is looking to figure out

473
00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:57,960
Speaker 1: is if they can increase the number of human cells

474
00:25:58,040 --> 00:26:01,600
Speaker 1: inside these embryos, and this could take years before they

475
00:26:01,600 --> 00:26:04,000
Speaker 1: get to any kind of point where they're growing functional

476
00:26:04,080 --> 00:26:06,800
Speaker 1: human organs. And in all of this, you have to,

477
00:26:06,840 --> 00:26:08,600
Speaker 1: I guess you have to think, like what's the what's

478
00:26:08,600 --> 00:26:10,640
Speaker 1: the line, like, at what point is there too much

479
00:26:10,720 --> 00:26:12,439
Speaker 1: human in there? At what point are you making some

480
00:26:12,520 --> 00:26:17,760
Speaker 1: sort of a humanoid drone creature that maybe has you know,

481
00:26:17,840 --> 00:26:20,440
Speaker 1: has no brain, that just sits there and grows organs,

482
00:26:20,520 --> 00:26:23,080
Speaker 1: And and how are we supposed to feel about bad? Well? Right, yeah,

483
00:26:23,119 --> 00:26:25,840
Speaker 1: there's there's a lot of ethical implications involved here, and too,

484
00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:28,840
Speaker 1: I really want to point out here too, what they're

485
00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:33,000
Speaker 1: doing is not tantamount to making animal human people like

486
00:26:33,119 --> 00:26:36,520
Speaker 1: you will often see if you google animal human hybrid

487
00:26:36,560 --> 00:26:39,920
Speaker 1: and you see legit articles about this pig study. They

488
00:26:40,040 --> 00:26:43,680
Speaker 1: will use these crazy photos that have either been photoshopped

489
00:26:43,760 --> 00:26:46,960
Speaker 1: or like are some kind of puppets or something that

490
00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:50,120
Speaker 1: are designed to look like horror movie monster half pig,

491
00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:52,920
Speaker 1: half people. Uh. And that's not the case of what's

492
00:26:52,920 --> 00:26:55,360
Speaker 1: going on here. I think a lot about a lot

493
00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:58,679
Speaker 1: of the revulsion that that occurs with this topic is

494
00:26:58,960 --> 00:27:02,640
Speaker 1: it basically comes down into this tie. This this type

495
00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:06,840
Speaker 1: of science forces you to re examine what we are.

496
00:27:07,480 --> 00:27:09,120
Speaker 1: And if you have a if you have a certain

497
00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:11,439
Speaker 1: you know, idea of what a human is and what

498
00:27:11,440 --> 00:27:13,960
Speaker 1: it means to be human that's maybe a little bit

499
00:27:13,960 --> 00:27:18,280
Speaker 1: divorced from like the scientific genetic realities of everything. Uh,

500
00:27:18,359 --> 00:27:20,160
Speaker 1: then yeah, this can be a bit of a shock.

501
00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:24,200
Speaker 1: Whereas the scientists involved would probably just tell you, yeah, yeah,

502
00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:25,560
Speaker 1: this is what we are, this is what it is

503
00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:27,960
Speaker 1: to be a human, and this is what we've lined

504
00:27:28,040 --> 00:27:30,280
Speaker 1: up to help those humans live longer. I think you

505
00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:32,600
Speaker 1: could end up seeing it too like break off in

506
00:27:32,640 --> 00:27:35,840
Speaker 1: two different ways. Right, they'll be like um, like biological

507
00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:38,800
Speaker 1: conservatives who you know, really want to make like like

508
00:27:38,840 --> 00:27:41,520
Speaker 1: those guys who purposely try to file the patent to

509
00:27:41,560 --> 00:27:43,679
Speaker 1: make sure that nobody could ever make it right. But

510
00:27:43,760 --> 00:27:46,880
Speaker 1: then you would have I guess transhumanists, who are people

511
00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:49,560
Speaker 1: who are like, hey, what could we learn from this science?

512
00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:52,000
Speaker 1: How could we augment our bodies? How could we become

513
00:27:52,080 --> 00:27:55,720
Speaker 1: the next step in evolution? Right? And and really, honestly,

514
00:27:55,760 --> 00:27:57,919
Speaker 1: the first thing there is that they're just looking for

515
00:27:57,960 --> 00:28:00,320
Speaker 1: a way to help people live, you know, when their

516
00:28:00,400 --> 00:28:04,000
Speaker 1: organs are failing. I don't think anybody yet, well, you know,

517
00:28:04,119 --> 00:28:06,240
Speaker 1: I maybe I'm wrong, Maybe the d O D is

518
00:28:06,280 --> 00:28:07,399
Speaker 1: up to this and we just don't know. But I

519
00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:10,000
Speaker 1: don't think anybody's like trying to make werewolf soldiers right

520
00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:13,200
Speaker 1: now or anything you know, to do unpredictable. But okay,

521
00:28:13,280 --> 00:28:15,119
Speaker 1: let's take what we just learned and try to apply

522
00:28:15,160 --> 00:28:17,280
Speaker 1: it to this creepy pasta. Okay, this is remember we're

523
00:28:17,280 --> 00:28:20,399
Speaker 1: talking about SCP nine six two. The way the creepy

524
00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:22,919
Speaker 1: Pasta is written, it's easy to assume that that tower

525
00:28:23,119 --> 00:28:27,560
Speaker 1: is somehow just Frankensteining together human and animal parts. But

526
00:28:28,480 --> 00:28:31,359
Speaker 1: because its message has this reverence towards human and the

527
00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:34,240
Speaker 1: fact that the servitors don't ever attack people, it actually

528
00:28:34,240 --> 00:28:37,160
Speaker 1: makes me think it's doing something else to create these

529
00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:41,440
Speaker 1: like hybrid monsters. It sounds like they are creating or

530
00:28:41,560 --> 00:28:46,320
Speaker 1: the the tower is creating human animal chimeras from embryos,

531
00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:49,440
Speaker 1: and possibly it's using the cells of the animals that

532
00:28:49,440 --> 00:28:53,040
Speaker 1: are brought back inside to it. Right So, but that

533
00:28:53,080 --> 00:28:55,320
Speaker 1: begs the question of where is it getting the human

534
00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:58,360
Speaker 1: cells from? Right So, I don't know quite the answer

535
00:28:58,360 --> 00:29:01,760
Speaker 1: to that, But that's also why this is spooky. You

536
00:29:01,760 --> 00:29:05,480
Speaker 1: don't know what's inside that tower. Everybody, Yeah, Okay, One

537
00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:08,480
Speaker 1: more thing I want to cover real quick is how

538
00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:11,640
Speaker 1: do you think the tower is controlling these servitors? Right?

539
00:29:11,680 --> 00:29:14,480
Speaker 1: Like there's some kind of mind control effect over these

540
00:29:14,560 --> 00:29:19,720
Speaker 1: like half human half animal cyborgs basically right now, we've

541
00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:23,000
Speaker 1: covered many, many, many times on the show before how

542
00:29:23,040 --> 00:29:28,400
Speaker 1: animals can be mind controlled by other animals, usually by parasites. Right, gosh,

543
00:29:28,400 --> 00:29:31,560
Speaker 1: how many do you think? Twenty episodes? Maybe more, probably

544
00:29:31,600 --> 00:29:34,959
Speaker 1: because you have because you have different levels. Right. Anytime

545
00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:38,360
Speaker 1: we're talking about some sort of disease or infectious agent,

546
00:29:38,760 --> 00:29:41,640
Speaker 1: it's gonna come up, and then you're gonna have indo parasites.

547
00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:44,520
Speaker 1: Uh so, this is gonna be gonna be like your

548
00:29:44,560 --> 00:29:47,360
Speaker 1: two main categories. And that's not even getting into like

549
00:29:47,440 --> 00:29:51,800
Speaker 1: the some of the more sci fi ideas of computer

550
00:29:51,920 --> 00:29:56,000
Speaker 1: human brain interfaces or just psychological manipulation. Well, I've got

551
00:29:56,040 --> 00:29:59,400
Speaker 1: all that here, so that's exciting. Yeah. Uh so, some

552
00:29:59,480 --> 00:30:02,280
Speaker 1: of these are examples that have been covered before. Others

553
00:30:02,560 --> 00:30:04,120
Speaker 1: I just want to give you like a grab bag

554
00:30:04,160 --> 00:30:06,520
Speaker 1: in case you've never heard any of our episodes on

555
00:30:06,560 --> 00:30:11,200
Speaker 1: parasite mind control. So parasitic wasp larva. They can control

556
00:30:11,280 --> 00:30:15,840
Speaker 1: caterpillars by releasing octopamine into their systems. Oh yeah, The

557
00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:20,520
Speaker 1: parasitic wasp world is filled with wonderful examples of various

558
00:30:20,560 --> 00:30:23,760
Speaker 1: hosts that are hijacked, not only like bodily but also

559
00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:27,160
Speaker 1: their their behavior is hijacked. Yeah. In fact, the jewel

560
00:30:27,200 --> 00:30:31,040
Speaker 1: wasp is another example. They can control cockroaches. This is nuts.

561
00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:35,120
Speaker 1: They can control cockroaches by stinging their brains and that

562
00:30:35,200 --> 00:30:38,440
Speaker 1: impairs their ability to move, and then they literally guide

563
00:30:38,480 --> 00:30:42,400
Speaker 1: the cockroaches by their antenna back to their nest. The

564
00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:45,800
Speaker 1: wasps nests where the cockroach becomes host to all the

565
00:30:45,840 --> 00:30:49,080
Speaker 1: wasps larvae, so they like ride cockroaches, kind of like

566
00:30:49,120 --> 00:30:52,840
Speaker 1: a moa deep rides a sandworm. Oh wow, that that's incredible.

567
00:30:52,840 --> 00:30:56,000
Speaker 1: I don't think i'd run across the jewel wasp example before.

568
00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:59,640
Speaker 1: There's one with a ladybug. That's amazing because the it

569
00:30:59,800 --> 00:31:05,560
Speaker 1: it's basically alien, except if the host remained alive after

570
00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:09,200
Speaker 1: the emergence of the xenomorph and had to partially raise

571
00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:12,360
Speaker 1: it and look after. This is similar. Yeah, this is similar. Uh.

572
00:31:12,400 --> 00:31:17,320
Speaker 1: There's also the protozoan Toxoplasma gandhi. They use rats as

573
00:31:17,400 --> 00:31:20,440
Speaker 1: vehicles to get into cat and testines. This is because

574
00:31:20,480 --> 00:31:25,520
Speaker 1: their ousists can form in inside cat feces. What we've

575
00:31:25,560 --> 00:31:27,440
Speaker 1: talked about this before, but a lot of people probably

576
00:31:27,440 --> 00:31:30,880
Speaker 1: know about this. It causes the rats to lose their

577
00:31:30,920 --> 00:31:34,280
Speaker 1: fear of cat urine, and they may be doing it

578
00:31:34,320 --> 00:31:39,760
Speaker 1: by affecting the neurotransmitters and dopamine levels inside the rat brains. Now,

579
00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:44,720
Speaker 1: because toxoplasma can cross the blood brain barrier inside mammals,

580
00:31:44,920 --> 00:31:47,880
Speaker 1: they can actually infect us human beings, and they've infected

581
00:31:48,320 --> 00:31:53,400
Speaker 1: two billion people worldwide. Three dozen studies have found a

582
00:31:53,440 --> 00:31:59,840
Speaker 1: positive link between toxoplasma infection and human neurological disorders like schizophrenia.

583
00:32:00,040 --> 00:32:02,400
Speaker 1: You ever want to feel extra weird about scooping out

584
00:32:02,440 --> 00:32:05,400
Speaker 1: the litter box, I highly recommend looking into some of

585
00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:07,600
Speaker 1: the research has been to your point, a number of

586
00:32:07,600 --> 00:32:09,040
Speaker 1: studies over the years. There are a lot of great

587
00:32:09,120 --> 00:32:13,000
Speaker 1: articles out there, uh that touch on just to to

588
00:32:13,080 --> 00:32:17,960
Speaker 1: what degree, Uh, this parasite hijacks the brain of its hosts.

589
00:32:18,280 --> 00:32:21,560
Speaker 1: I mean everybody but the cats. Really, the cats remain untouched.

590
00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:24,920
Speaker 1: It's just everything around the cats that end up being manipulated.

591
00:32:25,000 --> 00:32:27,680
Speaker 1: It's funny because after I was doing this research, I

592
00:32:27,720 --> 00:32:30,880
Speaker 1: was like, in the bathroom adjacent to my office has

593
00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:32,600
Speaker 1: one of our cat litter pans in it, and I

594
00:32:32,640 --> 00:32:35,200
Speaker 1: was like, uh, yeah, I need to go clean that.

595
00:32:35,240 --> 00:32:37,800
Speaker 1: But it was like I had to like wrap like

596
00:32:38,080 --> 00:32:39,960
Speaker 1: rags around my face before I did it. Like all

597
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:43,560
Speaker 1: of a sudden, I was afraid of cleaning the litter box. Uh.

598
00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:47,000
Speaker 1: There's also small crustaceans that are known as gamma rids,

599
00:32:47,040 --> 00:32:50,640
Speaker 1: and these can be infected by a number of different parasites. Apparently,

600
00:32:50,640 --> 00:32:53,800
Speaker 1: like they're just they're awesome hosts for parasites, parasites. So

601
00:32:54,280 --> 00:32:57,440
Speaker 1: you've got trema toads in their brains. Sometimes worms form

602
00:32:57,480 --> 00:33:00,680
Speaker 1: in their body cavities. Each one of these parasite, it's

603
00:33:00,680 --> 00:33:04,680
Speaker 1: just induces different behaviors in these crustaceans. Some make them

604
00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:07,920
Speaker 1: head toward light, others make them head away from deep water.

605
00:33:08,400 --> 00:33:12,000
Speaker 1: And then this is my favorite, slash most horrifying one.

606
00:33:12,120 --> 00:33:15,240
Speaker 1: Robert did an entire video about this one, and if

607
00:33:15,720 --> 00:33:17,960
Speaker 1: it's on stuff to Blow your Mind dot com, it

608
00:33:18,280 --> 00:33:21,480
Speaker 1: will make your skin crawl. It's super upsetting. This is

609
00:33:21,520 --> 00:33:27,040
Speaker 1: the hairworm, and hairworms are known to infect frogs, fish, snails,

610
00:33:27,080 --> 00:33:30,160
Speaker 1: and crickets, and in the case of crickets, they need

611
00:33:30,240 --> 00:33:33,640
Speaker 1: to be brought near water so that the hair worms

612
00:33:33,800 --> 00:33:37,080
Speaker 1: larvae can develop. So what they do is these parasites

613
00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:42,040
Speaker 1: make proteins that attract the cricket hosts to light, which

614
00:33:42,080 --> 00:33:44,280
Speaker 1: is usually where the water is at night. So these

615
00:33:44,320 --> 00:33:47,880
Speaker 1: crickets end up basically committing suicide and dive bombing into

616
00:33:47,920 --> 00:33:50,560
Speaker 1: the water, which they normally wouldn't do, so these hair

617
00:33:50,640 --> 00:33:54,200
Speaker 1: worms can reproduce. Yeah, this is I love this particular

618
00:33:54,360 --> 00:33:57,680
Speaker 1: organism um and and really great. Really enjoyed putting that

619
00:33:57,800 --> 00:34:01,280
Speaker 1: video together a while back, but uh, my first encounter

620
00:34:01,360 --> 00:34:04,480
Speaker 1: with it was in a junior high band class. Right,

621
00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:07,520
Speaker 1: you've seen one, Yeah, and I've encount I've encountered one.

622
00:34:07,600 --> 00:34:10,720
Speaker 1: I've encountered one in a puddle once out in the wild.

623
00:34:10,719 --> 00:34:13,120
Speaker 1: But this was in a junior high band room and

624
00:34:13,160 --> 00:34:16,280
Speaker 1: there was a cricket hopping around on the floor, and

625
00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:19,719
Speaker 1: the uh, the student next to me decided that she

626
00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:22,080
Speaker 1: was just gonna stop it, you know, which which I

627
00:34:22,080 --> 00:34:24,239
Speaker 1: don't agree with. Cricket's not hurting anybody. Don't hurt the

628
00:34:24,280 --> 00:34:29,160
Speaker 1: cricket um, you know, folklore and superstitions aside. But she

629
00:34:29,160 --> 00:34:31,520
Speaker 1: she but it served her right because the second she

630
00:34:31,600 --> 00:34:34,120
Speaker 1: stopped that thing, she you know, it's sitting there dead

631
00:34:34,160 --> 00:34:36,360
Speaker 1: and then the horse hair worm starts crawling out of

632
00:34:36,360 --> 00:34:39,680
Speaker 1: the cricket, and it just totally grossed her out. Like

633
00:34:39,760 --> 00:34:41,000
Speaker 1: she just she had to I think she had to

634
00:34:41,040 --> 00:34:44,160
Speaker 1: move to a different chair. Yeah, if you've never seen

635
00:34:44,239 --> 00:34:46,200
Speaker 1: one of these things before, it's like something out of

636
00:34:46,200 --> 00:34:49,879
Speaker 1: a body horror movie. There. They look they literally look

637
00:34:49,960 --> 00:34:52,239
Speaker 1: like hair to us because they're so small. But it's like,

638
00:34:52,280 --> 00:34:56,040
Speaker 1: imagine if like just this tendril punched in through your

639
00:34:56,080 --> 00:34:59,040
Speaker 1: body and bore into you and started driving you around.

640
00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:01,280
Speaker 1: That's kind of what it's like, yeah, yeah, the revulsion

641
00:35:01,760 --> 00:35:06,080
Speaker 1: element aside, the degree to which they manipulate the host

642
00:35:06,120 --> 00:35:09,640
Speaker 1: behavior is just phenomenal. Yeah, yeah, it's it's it's fascinating.

643
00:35:09,719 --> 00:35:11,919
Speaker 1: Definitely go check out that video if you're interested in more.

644
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:14,280
Speaker 1: But there are a lot of examples, is my point,

645
00:35:14,320 --> 00:35:17,800
Speaker 1: of parasites hijacking their hosts, and they tend to be neurological,

646
00:35:18,320 --> 00:35:22,640
Speaker 1: usually with proteins being expressed inside the brains of the infected.

647
00:35:22,719 --> 00:35:25,239
Speaker 1: So maybe this is a possibility. Maybe there's something going

648
00:35:25,239 --> 00:35:28,200
Speaker 1: on in the tower where they're manipulating the proteins of

649
00:35:28,239 --> 00:35:30,640
Speaker 1: the of the brains of these animal human hybrids that

650
00:35:30,640 --> 00:35:34,400
Speaker 1: they're creating, or maybe it's electronic, and I think this

651
00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:37,799
Speaker 1: is more likely given the description of the creepy pasta. So,

652
00:35:38,080 --> 00:35:43,080
Speaker 1: for instance, in researchers at Harvard University created the first

653
00:35:43,600 --> 00:35:47,319
Speaker 1: non invasive brain to brain interface between a human and

654
00:35:47,360 --> 00:35:50,840
Speaker 1: a rat, and that allowed the human being to control

655
00:35:50,960 --> 00:35:53,600
Speaker 1: the rats tail. The way that this works as a

656
00:35:53,719 --> 00:35:57,320
Speaker 1: human wears an e G device, the mouse is equipped

657
00:35:57,320 --> 00:36:00,279
Speaker 1: with an ultrasound computer to brain interface. And I want

658
00:36:00,280 --> 00:36:02,879
Speaker 1: to make it clear this isn't invasive. None of their

659
00:36:02,920 --> 00:36:05,400
Speaker 1: brains are cut open and with like electrodes inside them

660
00:36:05,440 --> 00:36:07,879
Speaker 1: or anything. You don't have to cut their heads open.

661
00:36:07,960 --> 00:36:11,560
Speaker 1: It works when the human looks at a specific pattern

662
00:36:11,600 --> 00:36:16,279
Speaker 1: on a screen and that pattern triggers the ultrasound beam

663
00:36:16,320 --> 00:36:19,960
Speaker 1: into the rats motor cortex in the region that deals

664
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:24,839
Speaker 1: with its tail movement. In this study, it had accuracy

665
00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:27,239
Speaker 1: just a human being sitting on the other side of

666
00:36:27,239 --> 00:36:30,200
Speaker 1: the room being able to control when a rat moved

667
00:36:30,200 --> 00:36:33,640
Speaker 1: its tail. This does not mean that we can read

668
00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:36,840
Speaker 1: minds or anything like that. We simply we just don't

669
00:36:36,840 --> 00:36:39,760
Speaker 1: know how thoughts are encoded by neurons in the brain,

670
00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:43,239
Speaker 1: but it does allow us to stimulate a region of

671
00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:47,040
Speaker 1: the brain that is known to create a particular reaction.

672
00:36:47,360 --> 00:36:50,279
Speaker 1: So another example of this comes from Korea. At the

673
00:36:50,360 --> 00:36:54,440
Speaker 1: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, researchers have developed

674
00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:57,840
Speaker 1: a way to remote controlled turtles. Uh now, this is

675
00:36:57,960 --> 00:37:00,480
Speaker 1: a little bit more what might be going on here

676
00:37:00,480 --> 00:37:03,880
Speaker 1: with this creepy pasta similar to the human mouse interface.

677
00:37:04,320 --> 00:37:07,840
Speaker 1: It guides the turtle through what's called a cyborg system

678
00:37:08,120 --> 00:37:11,560
Speaker 1: where the human sends again e g. Signals by thought

679
00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:15,360
Speaker 1: command and those activate a device that's on the turtle,

680
00:37:15,719 --> 00:37:19,080
Speaker 1: and the device obstructs the turtle's view. They can essentially

681
00:37:19,120 --> 00:37:23,280
Speaker 1: give it three instructions, turn left, turn right, or be idle.

682
00:37:23,920 --> 00:37:26,920
Speaker 1: And what's interesting about this is they use turtles because

683
00:37:26,920 --> 00:37:30,400
Speaker 1: turtles have decent cognitive abilities. They have the ability to

684
00:37:30,440 --> 00:37:34,880
Speaker 1: distinguish different wavelengths of light, and they can recognize a

685
00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:38,759
Speaker 1: light source and move toward it. So they're really more

686
00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:41,680
Speaker 1: predictable than other animals when it comes to their movement patterns. Plus,

687
00:37:41,719 --> 00:37:44,439
Speaker 1: they respond well to mutagen We know that. Oh yeah, yeah,

688
00:37:44,440 --> 00:37:46,720
Speaker 1: Well that's the idea here is like, once you perfect

689
00:37:46,760 --> 00:37:50,480
Speaker 1: the turtle cyborg, then you can perfect the teenage mutant

690
00:37:50,560 --> 00:37:54,920
Speaker 1: ninja turtle cyber step. Yeah exactly, which is essentially what

691
00:37:55,120 --> 00:37:58,920
Speaker 1: SCP nine six two is doing here right the creepy

692
00:37:58,960 --> 00:38:01,799
Speaker 1: pasta space scifically states the following I'm gonna read this

693
00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:04,920
Speaker 1: to you from the description that these servitors are quote

694
00:38:05,160 --> 00:38:10,120
Speaker 1: cybernetically augmented animals. These augmentations usually forced the animals into

695
00:38:10,160 --> 00:38:14,720
Speaker 1: a bipedal gait and are often accompanied by crude cosmetic alterations,

696
00:38:14,719 --> 00:38:17,600
Speaker 1: such as the removal of a snout, with the apparent

697
00:38:17,680 --> 00:38:20,799
Speaker 1: goal of making the servitor appear more human like the

698
00:38:20,920 --> 00:38:24,440
Speaker 1: nervous system of members of SCP nine six two Dash

699
00:38:24,520 --> 00:38:29,160
Speaker 1: one is slave two implanted electrodes which allow them to

700
00:38:29,320 --> 00:38:33,400
Speaker 1: be controlled by a central source, and that is assumed

701
00:38:33,440 --> 00:38:36,080
Speaker 1: to be the tower itself, like that the tower is sentient.

702
00:38:36,560 --> 00:38:39,160
Speaker 1: So this definitely sounds to me like these hybrids are

703
00:38:39,200 --> 00:38:42,759
Speaker 1: augmented with cybernetics that allow a B C I to

704
00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:46,280
Speaker 1: C B I transfer of some kind of remote control

705
00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:50,239
Speaker 1: through implanted electrodes. So what I want to know is this,

706
00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:53,160
Speaker 1: if you captured one of these servitors and then you

707
00:38:53,280 --> 00:38:56,839
Speaker 1: dismantled all the electronics stuff that's like plugged into them,

708
00:38:57,200 --> 00:39:00,279
Speaker 1: what would happen? Like, how would they behave? Would even

709
00:39:00,320 --> 00:39:03,320
Speaker 1: know how to behave? Would they go out into the

710
00:39:03,360 --> 00:39:06,120
Speaker 1: world and fetch a new animal tissue for the construction

711
00:39:06,160 --> 00:39:09,080
Speaker 1: of balloons, or would they possibly turn against the tower

712
00:39:09,160 --> 00:39:12,680
Speaker 1: and start attacking humans. So this is an interesting direction

713
00:39:12,719 --> 00:39:15,680
Speaker 1: to take. I also want to introduce another scary question

714
00:39:15,719 --> 00:39:17,400
Speaker 1: before we take a break and we move on to

715
00:39:17,480 --> 00:39:21,760
Speaker 1: more creepy pastas. So we've established that we are creating hybrids.

716
00:39:21,800 --> 00:39:23,880
Speaker 1: We've also established that there are lots of ways to

717
00:39:23,960 --> 00:39:29,520
Speaker 1: mind control sentient beings. Now, what about if those hybrid

718
00:39:29,640 --> 00:39:36,839
Speaker 1: organs could potentially make human beings more vulnerable to parasitic hijacking. So,

719
00:39:36,920 --> 00:39:41,160
Speaker 1: for instance, if I got a pig human organ put

720
00:39:41,200 --> 00:39:44,439
Speaker 1: in my body because I need a new liver, right,

721
00:39:44,440 --> 00:39:47,960
Speaker 1: but there's something about that organ obviously, the way that

722
00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:52,000
Speaker 1: those organs are harvested, they're all quote unquote human, But

723
00:39:52,160 --> 00:39:54,319
Speaker 1: could they lead to something else that would make me

724
00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:59,400
Speaker 1: more vulnerable to a parasitic mind control thing like a

725
00:39:59,440 --> 00:40:04,360
Speaker 1: wasp or or toxoplasmosis. And then what if the intelligent

726
00:40:04,400 --> 00:40:06,440
Speaker 1: parasites are that you have the ones carrying out this

727
00:40:06,520 --> 00:40:11,120
Speaker 1: whole scheme? Bingo, Yeah, super scary stuff here. I really

728
00:40:11,120 --> 00:40:14,760
Speaker 1: like this tower one, so so thanks again for passing

729
00:40:14,760 --> 00:40:16,759
Speaker 1: this along, Alex. All Right, we're gonna take a quick

730
00:40:16,760 --> 00:40:22,160
Speaker 1: break and we come back more creepy pasta. All right,

731
00:40:22,200 --> 00:40:26,360
Speaker 1: we're back. Okay, So the first of the two creepy

732
00:40:26,360 --> 00:40:30,160
Speaker 1: pastas that I turned to. This one is kind of

733
00:40:30,280 --> 00:40:34,640
Speaker 1: pre pasta urban legend in perspects, but it continues to

734
00:40:34,680 --> 00:40:39,040
Speaker 1: resonate through the now established world of creepy pasta. It's

735
00:40:39,160 --> 00:40:43,840
Speaker 1: um and I love too how it's There are elements

736
00:40:43,920 --> 00:40:48,320
Speaker 1: of intentional um manipulation of an audience here as well.

737
00:40:48,680 --> 00:40:54,600
Speaker 1: So this this one is known as polybius and this concerns. Essentially,

738
00:40:54,640 --> 00:40:57,840
Speaker 1: it's like a haunted video game, uh situation. I imagine

739
00:40:57,840 --> 00:40:59,480
Speaker 1: a number of you out there are familiar with this

740
00:40:59,480 --> 00:41:01,359
Speaker 1: one already. I think there's a stuff they don't want

741
00:41:01,360 --> 00:41:05,120
Speaker 1: you to know video about this urban legend. So the

742
00:41:05,239 --> 00:41:09,000
Speaker 1: idea here is that there was a nine one arcade

743
00:41:09,040 --> 00:41:13,160
Speaker 1: game called Polybius, presumably named for the Greek historian who

744
00:41:13,239 --> 00:41:17,160
Speaker 1: championed the importance of historians having a firsthand account of

745
00:41:17,360 --> 00:41:19,640
Speaker 1: what happened. Uh, it's kind of a wink to the

746
00:41:19,680 --> 00:41:22,680
Speaker 1: fact that this is all made up. The version I

747
00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:25,560
Speaker 1: read indicated that you had a few machines that were

748
00:41:25,560 --> 00:41:28,160
Speaker 1: produced by a mysterious German company with a kind of

749
00:41:28,160 --> 00:41:33,520
Speaker 1: fake sounding name and installed in Portland area arcades. This

750
00:41:33,840 --> 00:41:38,839
Speaker 1: they resulted in a host of player symptoms nightmares, hallucinations, migraines,

751
00:41:38,880 --> 00:41:42,440
Speaker 1: addictive behavior, all of this occurring with any individual who

752
00:41:42,600 --> 00:41:45,480
Speaker 1: played the game. And then, uh, and while this is

753
00:41:45,520 --> 00:41:47,879
Speaker 1: going on, there like mysterious men in black coming in

754
00:41:48,040 --> 00:41:50,960
Speaker 1: and checking on the machines, perhaps getting some data out

755
00:41:50,960 --> 00:41:53,840
Speaker 1: of them, and then all of a sudden, the machines

756
00:41:53,960 --> 00:41:57,320
Speaker 1: vanish overnight and people were just left to whisper about

757
00:41:57,719 --> 00:42:00,680
Speaker 1: what was the deal with the Polybia machines. Was it

758
00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:05,520
Speaker 1: part of a government program to test, you know, adolescent minds.

759
00:42:05,719 --> 00:42:08,520
Speaker 1: Was it something more nefarious? Was in an accident than

760
00:42:08,520 --> 00:42:11,920
Speaker 1: then the government got interested in It's a pretty it's

761
00:42:11,920 --> 00:42:15,240
Speaker 1: a pretty cool idea. It's kind of tron but better

762
00:42:15,400 --> 00:42:19,640
Speaker 1: than like the Tron Legacy, uh sequel. Yeah, it And

763
00:42:19,680 --> 00:42:22,200
Speaker 1: as you know, we both love the Tron Legacy sequel.

764
00:42:22,239 --> 00:42:23,640
Speaker 1: We've talked about it on the show before, but this

765
00:42:23,680 --> 00:42:25,399
Speaker 1: sounds like a great hook. Yeah. I mean it also

766
00:42:25,440 --> 00:42:29,279
Speaker 1: reminds one of another film from the tron Ish era,

767
00:42:29,400 --> 00:42:31,799
Speaker 1: that same sort of genre of of let's make a

768
00:42:31,840 --> 00:42:34,040
Speaker 1: film about a crazy video game, and that being The

769
00:42:34,080 --> 00:42:36,760
Speaker 1: Last Starfighter. Yeah, that was exactly what I was thinking.

770
00:42:37,000 --> 00:42:39,040
Speaker 1: Where it's been a long time since I've seen it.

771
00:42:39,120 --> 00:42:41,960
Speaker 1: I loved it as a kid. But the Arcade Machine

772
00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:45,040
Speaker 1: is like a recruitment device for an alien civilization if

773
00:42:45,040 --> 00:42:47,200
Speaker 1: I remember correctly. Like the way it works is if

774
00:42:47,200 --> 00:42:49,680
Speaker 1: you get the highest scorer on there, then this like

775
00:42:49,800 --> 00:42:53,799
Speaker 1: alien armada comes to Earth and recruits you because they're like, oh,

776
00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:56,040
Speaker 1: you are so good at this video game that you're

777
00:42:56,040 --> 00:42:59,840
Speaker 1: actually going to be like an amazing pilot. Yeah, it

778
00:42:59,880 --> 00:43:01,360
Speaker 1: was a fun flick. I may have to check it

779
00:43:01,360 --> 00:43:04,400
Speaker 1: out again some day. But this urban legend led to

780
00:43:04,600 --> 00:43:09,160
Speaker 1: UH concerning Polybius, led to a string of video games

781
00:43:09,200 --> 00:43:12,719
Speaker 1: that adapted the Polybius title, and there was even a

782
00:43:12,760 --> 00:43:16,920
Speaker 1: Simpsons reference. And I believe two thousands six thereabouts now

783
00:43:17,360 --> 00:43:23,640
Speaker 1: investigations into the any reality behind Polybius, it tends to

784
00:43:23,680 --> 00:43:26,400
Speaker 1: point towards two thousand one is the starting point and

785
00:43:26,440 --> 00:43:29,239
Speaker 1: it was probably created by a guy named by the

786
00:43:29,320 --> 00:43:32,439
Speaker 1: name of Kurt Kohler as an intentional effort to drive

787
00:43:32,520 --> 00:43:35,960
Speaker 1: traffic to coin opt dot org. UH. This according to

788
00:43:36,000 --> 00:43:39,160
Speaker 1: Stuart Brown, the man behind the Ahoy video series. You

789
00:43:39,200 --> 00:43:42,080
Speaker 1: looked into it so. I also read where a skeptic

790
00:43:42,120 --> 00:43:46,360
Speaker 1: Brian Dunning believes that the roots of the prepasta pasta

791
00:43:46,400 --> 00:43:50,120
Speaker 1: here probably emerged from distortions of real life complications UH

792
00:43:50,200 --> 00:43:55,120
Speaker 1: surrounding video games. UH. Particularly apparently when Tempest first came out,

793
00:43:55,200 --> 00:43:57,520
Speaker 1: this was the you know, the the Atari game. UH.

794
00:43:57,560 --> 00:44:01,040
Speaker 1: There were some cases of quote un video game related

795
00:44:01,040 --> 00:44:04,359
Speaker 1: illness is associated with it. UH. And then there were

796
00:44:04,440 --> 00:44:07,680
Speaker 1: some accounts of video game related illnesses that popped up

797
00:44:07,680 --> 00:44:11,839
Speaker 1: in the Portland's area around one and in nine two

798
00:44:11,840 --> 00:44:15,440
Speaker 1: we had the first video game known to have coincided

799
00:44:15,760 --> 00:44:18,440
Speaker 1: with the death of a player coincided not you know,

800
00:44:18,600 --> 00:44:21,640
Speaker 1: caused the death, but there was the heart attack death

801
00:44:21,680 --> 00:44:26,120
Speaker 1: of eighteen year old Peter Brukowski in Kalmut City, Illinois.

802
00:44:26,160 --> 00:44:29,520
Speaker 1: This reminds me of something we talked about recently on

803
00:44:29,560 --> 00:44:31,480
Speaker 1: the show. I can't remember what episode it came up in,

804
00:44:31,880 --> 00:44:35,880
Speaker 1: but the Pokemon panic in Japan and how that was

805
00:44:36,480 --> 00:44:38,799
Speaker 1: deemed to be like a moment of mass hysteria. So

806
00:44:38,840 --> 00:44:42,400
Speaker 1: I wonder if that's possibly what the what caused this legend.

807
00:44:42,600 --> 00:44:44,480
Speaker 1: It could be because the other side here is you

808
00:44:44,560 --> 00:44:48,840
Speaker 1: have this technology that's suddenly everywhere and it involves the children.

809
00:44:49,840 --> 00:44:53,080
Speaker 1: You have news accounts of some of these uh you know,

810
00:44:53,200 --> 00:44:55,879
Speaker 1: incidents taking place, and then down the line, it's easy

811
00:44:55,920 --> 00:44:59,240
Speaker 1: to wrap this all up in an attractive urban legend,

812
00:44:59,400 --> 00:45:03,200
Speaker 1: perhaps in the case of Polybia's taking existing urban legends

813
00:45:03,440 --> 00:45:05,480
Speaker 1: and just simply tying them up in a nice boat,

814
00:45:05,480 --> 00:45:07,400
Speaker 1: which is something you see with a lot of actual

815
00:45:07,440 --> 00:45:10,360
Speaker 1: creepy pasta. Because it's easy to see why all of

816
00:45:10,400 --> 00:45:13,160
Speaker 1: this is compelling, right because video games they do enact

817
00:45:13,200 --> 00:45:16,680
Speaker 1: to strange power over the players. In many cases, you know,

818
00:45:16,719 --> 00:45:20,160
Speaker 1: they give us this slow state. Uh, you're you're generally

819
00:45:20,239 --> 00:45:23,720
Speaker 1: dropped into a very limited world of fixed and often

820
00:45:23,760 --> 00:45:27,400
Speaker 1: black and white objectives. And there's sometimes there's even like

821
00:45:28,440 --> 00:45:31,080
Speaker 1: the game itself is telling you what to do. Either

822
00:45:31,320 --> 00:45:33,400
Speaker 1: either you're on the rails or there's some of the

823
00:45:33,680 --> 00:45:36,160
Speaker 1: cases there's a voice in your head telling you this

824
00:45:36,200 --> 00:45:38,719
Speaker 1: is what we're doing, now go do it. Achieve the objective.

825
00:45:38,760 --> 00:45:43,120
Speaker 1: Here's your here's your reward in video game coins. So

826
00:45:44,520 --> 00:45:46,880
Speaker 1: on top of that, of course, I think most of

827
00:45:46,920 --> 00:45:49,279
Speaker 1: us are probably familiar with some of the symptoms that

828
00:45:49,320 --> 00:45:52,600
Speaker 1: occasionally pop up from excessive video game playing or video

829
00:45:52,600 --> 00:45:56,520
Speaker 1: game addiction. So it might be say, strange blisters on

830
00:45:56,560 --> 00:45:59,960
Speaker 1: your on your bum from setting in a odd position,

831
00:46:00,040 --> 00:46:04,600
Speaker 1: and headache, I strain, neck and back pain, digestive problems,

832
00:46:04,640 --> 00:46:09,920
Speaker 1: sweep problems, sadness, drowsiness, even palpitations, and this kind of

833
00:46:09,960 --> 00:46:12,520
Speaker 1: thing happens. I've also seen some of these same symptoms

834
00:46:12,560 --> 00:46:15,560
Speaker 1: line up with just say excessive computer use, uh you know,

835
00:46:15,600 --> 00:46:17,920
Speaker 1: too much time setting at a computer for a for

836
00:46:17,960 --> 00:46:21,280
Speaker 1: a job or um you know. I I've known people

837
00:46:21,320 --> 00:46:23,720
Speaker 1: who ended up like screwing up their back a little

838
00:46:23,719 --> 00:46:26,960
Speaker 1: bit from being in the same position while researching, reading

839
00:46:26,960 --> 00:46:29,879
Speaker 1: a book or something. Yeah, no, this is definitely something. Um.

840
00:46:29,960 --> 00:46:33,560
Speaker 1: So I am a recovering World of Warcraft addict. Yeah,

841
00:46:33,640 --> 00:46:36,040
Speaker 1: and so I definitely am familiar with all of these

842
00:46:36,040 --> 00:46:38,960
Speaker 1: symptoms because I would like play for like twelve hours

843
00:46:39,000 --> 00:46:42,360
Speaker 1: straight with my friends, like almost all through the night. Uh.

844
00:46:42,400 --> 00:46:45,000
Speaker 1: And it was not good. Those are not good days

845
00:46:45,040 --> 00:46:48,560
Speaker 1: for me. Uh. But But also like sometimes when I'm

846
00:46:48,600 --> 00:46:51,399
Speaker 1: working during the day, for instance, on this episode, I'll

847
00:46:51,400 --> 00:46:53,440
Speaker 1: sit there and I'll just be so into the research

848
00:46:53,480 --> 00:46:56,160
Speaker 1: and typing everything up and reading and reading and typing

849
00:46:56,160 --> 00:46:58,279
Speaker 1: and typing, and I realized I haven't gotten up for

850
00:46:58,320 --> 00:47:00,840
Speaker 1: a while, you know, And so I've actually tried to

851
00:47:00,840 --> 00:47:02,799
Speaker 1: make it a point to get up once an hour

852
00:47:03,239 --> 00:47:05,480
Speaker 1: and go outside and like, you know, let my eyes

853
00:47:05,520 --> 00:47:08,360
Speaker 1: adjust to like natural height for a minute. You know,

854
00:47:08,680 --> 00:47:10,160
Speaker 1: you don't also do you don't want to get those

855
00:47:10,160 --> 00:47:13,920
Speaker 1: research ankles rese that's gonna be Yeah, when you and

856
00:47:14,000 --> 00:47:16,080
Speaker 1: I are old men, they're going to discover like all

857
00:47:16,200 --> 00:47:18,759
Speaker 1: kinds of new ailments of of what happens when you

858
00:47:18,800 --> 00:47:21,560
Speaker 1: sit there and do research for too long. Now. I

859
00:47:21,760 --> 00:47:25,239
Speaker 1: think one of the more fascinating interactions though, between computers

860
00:47:25,280 --> 00:47:28,800
Speaker 1: and computer games and human health is one that seems

861
00:47:29,000 --> 00:47:32,960
Speaker 1: very key to the polybius creepypasta here, and that is

862
00:47:33,320 --> 00:47:38,040
Speaker 1: photosensitive epilepsy. Ah yeah, which is actually also connected to

863
00:47:38,040 --> 00:47:40,400
Speaker 1: that Pokemon example. Yea, I brought up. Okay, go ahead.

864
00:47:40,680 --> 00:47:45,000
Speaker 1: So people with the photosensitive epilepsy, they experience seizures, and seizures,

865
00:47:45,000 --> 00:47:48,040
Speaker 1: of course, can involve you know, uh, muscles tensing up,

866
00:47:48,080 --> 00:47:51,319
Speaker 1: the loss of consciousness, um loostening of the bladder, and

867
00:47:51,400 --> 00:47:55,120
Speaker 1: other other physical conditions, and it can generally be just

868
00:47:55,160 --> 00:47:58,279
Speaker 1: a quite a you know, a stressful and frightening experience.

869
00:47:58,840 --> 00:48:02,360
Speaker 1: But people with photo of sensitive epilepsy, they can experience

870
00:48:02,360 --> 00:48:06,040
Speaker 1: these seizures when exposed to flashing lights or bold contrasting

871
00:48:06,120 --> 00:48:10,920
Speaker 1: visual patterns over exposure to a video game. Um, it's

872
00:48:10,960 --> 00:48:14,000
Speaker 1: a it's a brain disorder that's caused by abnormal electrical

873
00:48:14,000 --> 00:48:17,680
Speaker 1: activity in the brain, perhaps due to irregular neural wiring

874
00:48:17,880 --> 00:48:23,200
Speaker 1: or neurotransmitter imbalance, and it's genetically linked. So about one

875
00:48:23,280 --> 00:48:27,240
Speaker 1: in a hundred U S citizens have epilepsy. Out of those,

876
00:48:27,440 --> 00:48:31,879
Speaker 1: only three to five percent have photosensitive epilepsy. And it's

877
00:48:31,920 --> 00:48:35,400
Speaker 1: also more likely to affect people ages seven through nineteen,

878
00:48:35,880 --> 00:48:39,200
Speaker 1: with males exhibiting a stronger tendency overall, but this meant

879
00:48:39,239 --> 00:48:42,840
Speaker 1: might just be due to the populations in which in

880
00:48:42,880 --> 00:48:45,040
Speaker 1: which they were looking and the time frame in which

881
00:48:45,040 --> 00:48:47,840
Speaker 1: they were looking, in which the males are more likely

882
00:48:47,920 --> 00:48:49,560
Speaker 1: to be playing a bunch of video that I was

883
00:48:49,600 --> 00:48:52,560
Speaker 1: going to say that is like your target demo for well,

884
00:48:52,640 --> 00:48:55,640
Speaker 1: it used to be your target demo for for video games. Yeah,

885
00:48:55,640 --> 00:48:57,480
Speaker 1: I'm not sure to what extent that has changed, especially

886
00:48:57,520 --> 00:48:59,360
Speaker 1: since I mean used to if you're steering at a

887
00:48:59,400 --> 00:49:01,080
Speaker 1: screen all the time time, you were probably either watching

888
00:49:01,120 --> 00:49:05,520
Speaker 1: TV or playing video games. Obviously, now everyone's looking at

889
00:49:05,520 --> 00:49:08,399
Speaker 1: screens all the time. This is true. Yeah, yeah, it's

890
00:49:08,440 --> 00:49:11,359
Speaker 1: it's funny. I think that to myself often, like after

891
00:49:11,400 --> 00:49:13,080
Speaker 1: a full day or research, I'm like, what do I

892
00:49:13,120 --> 00:49:15,440
Speaker 1: want to do? Well, I could sit down and watch TV,

893
00:49:15,880 --> 00:49:18,080
Speaker 1: or I could play a video game while those are

894
00:49:18,120 --> 00:49:20,200
Speaker 1: both looking at a screen. Again, and now even like

895
00:49:20,239 --> 00:49:22,080
Speaker 1: if I want to read comics or read a book,

896
00:49:23,200 --> 00:49:25,480
Speaker 1: it's a different that's another screen of Yeah, I have

897
00:49:25,520 --> 00:49:27,080
Speaker 1: so many screens to look at. That's one of the

898
00:49:27,080 --> 00:49:30,080
Speaker 1: reasons I like the Kindle I have because it's it's yes,

899
00:49:30,120 --> 00:49:32,000
Speaker 1: it's screen, but at least it's that it doesn't have

900
00:49:32,000 --> 00:49:34,959
Speaker 1: a glow to it. My kindles the same. Yeah, but occasionally.

901
00:49:35,239 --> 00:49:37,279
Speaker 1: Actually I did this just yesterday. I was like, after

902
00:49:37,320 --> 00:49:39,080
Speaker 1: a long day of just looking at screens, I was like,

903
00:49:39,120 --> 00:49:41,840
Speaker 1: I'm gonna just take a magazine into the bathtub. Perfect,

904
00:49:42,080 --> 00:49:46,040
Speaker 1: perfect way to relax. Alright, So, given the triggers of

905
00:49:46,040 --> 00:49:49,799
Speaker 1: pulsating lights here with the photo photo sensitive epilepsy, it's

906
00:49:49,880 --> 00:49:51,920
Speaker 1: easy to think of it as a just a collision

907
00:49:51,920 --> 00:49:55,400
Speaker 1: between human brains in our modern world of discos and

908
00:49:55,520 --> 00:49:59,000
Speaker 1: video games, right, But the earliest possible case, if this

909
00:49:59,040 --> 00:50:01,960
Speaker 1: goes back to ancient Greece where we have reports of

910
00:50:02,000 --> 00:50:04,840
Speaker 1: an epileptic who would go into seizures, is a potter

911
00:50:04,960 --> 00:50:08,360
Speaker 1: wheel was rotated in front of his eyes. Because you

912
00:50:08,560 --> 00:50:10,279
Speaker 1: don't have to say, have flashing lights, but if you

913
00:50:10,320 --> 00:50:13,080
Speaker 1: have light behind it and you have the pattern occurring,

914
00:50:14,160 --> 00:50:18,520
Speaker 1: it's a it's a pattern of contrasting light. Yeah. Um,

915
00:50:18,560 --> 00:50:20,799
Speaker 1: But even this you have to point out from an

916
00:50:20,840 --> 00:50:23,440
Speaker 1: evolutionary standpoint, it's still kind of an invention of the

917
00:50:23,440 --> 00:50:25,839
Speaker 1: modern world. We're talking about the wheel here, right, It's

918
00:50:25,880 --> 00:50:28,080
Speaker 1: a It's something certainly we've had for a while, but

919
00:50:28,239 --> 00:50:30,600
Speaker 1: have we haven't had it long enough to really impact

920
00:50:30,960 --> 00:50:35,239
Speaker 1: human evolution. And even you'll find encounters where color can

921
00:50:35,280 --> 00:50:39,839
Speaker 1: stimulate photosensitive epilepsy, generally reds and blues, And these are

922
00:50:39,840 --> 00:50:43,160
Speaker 1: colors that are not the most common in the natural world.

923
00:50:43,360 --> 00:50:46,120
Speaker 1: I mean, aside from the sky, which many argue is

924
00:50:46,160 --> 00:50:48,960
Speaker 1: not truly blue. I mean, how much pure blue do

925
00:50:49,080 --> 00:50:53,440
Speaker 1: you encounter in nature? How much pure red? Yeah, that's interesting.

926
00:50:53,800 --> 00:50:56,920
Speaker 1: I mean some flowers for sure, But you're right that

927
00:50:57,040 --> 00:50:59,759
Speaker 1: they would be like a lower percentage, Like if you

928
00:50:59,800 --> 00:51:02,120
Speaker 1: were going to do like a color swatch Pellett of

929
00:51:02,239 --> 00:51:04,680
Speaker 1: like your walk through the woods, they would be far

930
00:51:04,760 --> 00:51:07,719
Speaker 1: smaller than all the greens and browns and earth tones. Yeah,

931
00:51:07,719 --> 00:51:10,520
Speaker 1: and they would ultimately be easy to avoid and would

932
00:51:10,520 --> 00:51:14,319
Speaker 1: not have an impact on evolutionary biology. But I have

933
00:51:14,320 --> 00:51:16,399
Speaker 1: to point out the same thing goes for a lot

934
00:51:16,600 --> 00:51:21,680
Speaker 1: of the stimuli, specific stimuli that people with photosensitive epilepsy encounter,

935
00:51:21,840 --> 00:51:24,839
Speaker 1: Like in many cases it's something specific enough that they

936
00:51:24,880 --> 00:51:27,719
Speaker 1: can readily avoid it, and then on top of that

937
00:51:27,800 --> 00:51:31,680
Speaker 1: their anti epileptic medications that are taken as well. Uh.

938
00:51:31,719 --> 00:51:34,239
Speaker 1: And then also we mentioned the age range, like as

939
00:51:34,239 --> 00:51:36,279
Speaker 1: people get older, it seems like there are in many

940
00:51:36,280 --> 00:51:40,880
Speaker 1: cases less susceptible to this. However, there is a case

941
00:51:40,880 --> 00:51:43,279
Speaker 1: worth mentioning, and we've I believe we've touched on this

942
00:51:43,320 --> 00:51:46,040
Speaker 1: on the podcast before, and that is the recent case

943
00:51:46,080 --> 00:51:51,520
Speaker 1: of Newsweek senior editor Kurt I Convolved, who was attacked

944
00:51:51,640 --> 00:51:56,320
Speaker 1: on Twitter. The incident here is that another Twitter user

945
00:51:56,880 --> 00:52:02,640
Speaker 1: disagreed with some of Kurt's political tweets and and knowing

946
00:52:02,960 --> 00:52:07,480
Speaker 1: that he has had photosensitive epilepsy, tweeted a flashing gift

947
00:52:07,520 --> 00:52:12,440
Speaker 1: at him, which resulted in a seizure. So it's um,

948
00:52:13,719 --> 00:52:17,279
Speaker 1: it's a it's a revolting case, but illuminating in light

949
00:52:17,320 --> 00:52:19,440
Speaker 1: of everything we've talked about and about these triggers and

950
00:52:19,640 --> 00:52:23,960
Speaker 1: the ramifications of these triggers in an increasingly technological world. Okay,

951
00:52:24,000 --> 00:52:25,759
Speaker 1: I'm gonna have to go back and listen to our

952
00:52:25,800 --> 00:52:28,600
Speaker 1: episode about why is social media making us crazy? And

953
00:52:28,640 --> 00:52:31,799
Speaker 1: then we'll be right back. Yeah, Okay, I listened to it, right.

954
00:52:32,480 --> 00:52:34,720
Speaker 1: Are you ready to move on? Yeah? Yeah. That's basically

955
00:52:34,800 --> 00:52:38,320
Speaker 1: polybius here, the video game that allegedly drives one insane

956
00:52:39,320 --> 00:52:42,839
Speaker 1: or or causes some sort of health problems. But of course,

957
00:52:42,880 --> 00:52:45,919
Speaker 1: we have plenty of examples of video games that can

958
00:52:46,120 --> 00:52:49,960
Speaker 1: cause at least certain members of the population. Uh, various

959
00:52:50,000 --> 00:52:53,520
Speaker 1: health health problems. Isn't Polybius also the name of a

960
00:52:53,640 --> 00:52:56,880
Speaker 1: Michael Shay short story. Oh yeah, I believe it is.

961
00:52:57,160 --> 00:52:59,440
Speaker 1: It's a science fiction that's the name of this sciencefic,

962
00:52:59,719 --> 00:53:01,960
Speaker 1: one of a short fiction collection. Yeah. When I first

963
00:53:02,000 --> 00:53:03,799
Speaker 1: saw this, I thought that's what it was, because you

964
00:53:03,880 --> 00:53:07,439
Speaker 1: let me borrow that book. Um. Cool, that's a neat

965
00:53:07,480 --> 00:53:10,480
Speaker 1: little tie in just for fun for us and maybe

966
00:53:10,520 --> 00:53:12,480
Speaker 1: for other people out there who are Michael Shay fans.

967
00:53:12,520 --> 00:53:15,799
Speaker 1: We're big Michael Shay NERD's here. All right, Well, let's

968
00:53:15,880 --> 00:53:17,800
Speaker 1: let's hit another one. Then before we take a break.

969
00:53:17,880 --> 00:53:23,760
Speaker 1: You have you you have another specimen from the SCP. Yeah,

970
00:53:23,800 --> 00:53:27,520
Speaker 1: this is SCP six eight two, also known as the

971
00:53:27,640 --> 00:53:31,560
Speaker 1: Hard to Destroy Reptile and actually linking it to Michael say,

972
00:53:31,640 --> 00:53:33,279
Speaker 1: this seems like the kind of thing Michael Shay would

973
00:53:33,320 --> 00:53:35,640
Speaker 1: come up within his work. It's like it's a straight

974
00:53:35,719 --> 00:53:39,680
Speaker 1: up monster, but is like the scientifically fascinating monster when

975
00:53:39,680 --> 00:53:44,040
Speaker 1: you kind of apply real world biology to it. Yeah,

976
00:53:44,360 --> 00:53:49,279
Speaker 1: Michael Shay loved biology. I mean it's evident in his work.

977
00:53:49,360 --> 00:53:52,880
Speaker 1: So many stories involve some sort of unique, uh monster

978
00:53:52,960 --> 00:53:59,200
Speaker 1: biology that's clearly patterned after say parasitic wasps for behavior, spiders, etcetera. Yeah,

979
00:53:59,320 --> 00:54:02,920
Speaker 1: so in this instance, again I'm just summarizing here rather

980
00:54:02,960 --> 00:54:05,520
Speaker 1: than reading you the whole creepy pasta. This is an

981
00:54:05,560 --> 00:54:10,840
Speaker 1: intelligent reptile and it hates all life forms. It goes

982
00:54:10,880 --> 00:54:15,120
Speaker 1: into a rage state anytime it's spoken to, and it

983
00:54:15,160 --> 00:54:19,440
Speaker 1: has the following superpowers. It can regenerate by consuming any

984
00:54:19,480 --> 00:54:24,040
Speaker 1: type of matter, whether inorganic or organic, and its digestion

985
00:54:24,239 --> 00:54:27,359
Speaker 1: seems to be aided by gills that are inside its

986
00:54:27,440 --> 00:54:32,759
Speaker 1: nostrils that can remove any usable matter from a liquid solution.

987
00:54:33,239 --> 00:54:38,240
Speaker 1: So subsequently it can't be killed. It has super high strength, speed,

988
00:54:38,320 --> 00:54:42,480
Speaker 1: and reflexes. I wrote here essentially we're talking about wolverine,

989
00:54:42,600 --> 00:54:45,840
Speaker 1: right like this is this is a classic Hugh Jackman

990
00:54:46,400 --> 00:54:50,480
Speaker 1: logan wolverine type stuff. The lizard here though, it can

991
00:54:50,560 --> 00:54:54,160
Speaker 1: keep moving and speaking even if eight seven percent of

992
00:54:54,200 --> 00:54:57,279
Speaker 1: its body has been destroyed. So this is like this

993
00:54:57,440 --> 00:55:01,120
Speaker 1: fearsome monster and creepy pasta lore. And basically they say,

994
00:55:01,160 --> 00:55:03,200
Speaker 1: like you have to contain this thing in like a

995
00:55:03,239 --> 00:55:06,080
Speaker 1: pool of hydrochloric acid at all times and it'll like

996
00:55:06,160 --> 00:55:08,799
Speaker 1: continually be regenerating, but at least it will be like

997
00:55:09,280 --> 00:55:12,239
Speaker 1: so constantly disabled that you can contain it that way,

998
00:55:12,320 --> 00:55:14,160
Speaker 1: and I love that it's just a rage lizard, that's

999
00:55:14,200 --> 00:55:17,840
Speaker 1: just an enraged lizard that hates you. Man, If you

1000
00:55:17,880 --> 00:55:20,560
Speaker 1: actually go to the Creepy Pasta page for this again,

1001
00:55:20,560 --> 00:55:23,719
Speaker 1: it's s CP six eight two, there's demonstrations of some

1002
00:55:23,840 --> 00:55:26,680
Speaker 1: of the dialogue with this creature that shows just how

1003
00:55:26,760 --> 00:55:30,600
Speaker 1: much it hates everything. Uh. Now, of course this made

1004
00:55:30,640 --> 00:55:32,920
Speaker 1: me think of reptile regeneration, and so I wanted to

1005
00:55:32,920 --> 00:55:36,440
Speaker 1: look into that and see, like, just how possible would

1006
00:55:36,480 --> 00:55:41,000
Speaker 1: reptile regeneration be at this level. Okay, so we've all

1007
00:55:41,040 --> 00:55:44,880
Speaker 1: heard stories about lizards that regrow limbs or they regrow

1008
00:55:44,920 --> 00:55:49,120
Speaker 1: their tails. In fact, regeneration is mostly common in invertebrates

1009
00:55:49,160 --> 00:55:53,280
Speaker 1: like worms and insects. Crustaceans and insects can actually spontaneously

1010
00:55:53,360 --> 00:55:56,160
Speaker 1: lose and replace their body parts in a process that's

1011
00:55:56,160 --> 00:56:00,200
Speaker 1: called auto tommy. But sponges and starfish well, so no,

1012
00:56:00,440 --> 00:56:03,840
Speaker 1: they can replace and repair their limbs. Starfish can even

1013
00:56:03,880 --> 00:56:08,719
Speaker 1: regenerate into a new animal sometimes, and we've discussed this

1014
00:56:08,760 --> 00:56:10,919
Speaker 1: on the show before. Another one of my favorites. We're

1015
00:56:10,960 --> 00:56:15,080
Speaker 1: revisiting a lot of greatest hits today, The hydra uh

1016
00:56:15,239 --> 00:56:18,120
Speaker 1: is such an amazing little animal. It can tear open

1017
00:56:18,160 --> 00:56:22,080
Speaker 1: its own flesh to create these mouths that they then

1018
00:56:22,239 --> 00:56:26,359
Speaker 1: shove their prey into before they heal back over their flesh. Yeah,

1019
00:56:26,400 --> 00:56:30,120
Speaker 1: the footage of this of this phenomenon is wonderful because

1020
00:56:30,280 --> 00:56:33,320
Speaker 1: it's it's like something that's it's pure lovecraft, because the

1021
00:56:33,719 --> 00:56:36,880
Speaker 1: rip just gets wider and wider until the mouth is

1022
00:56:36,960 --> 00:56:39,200
Speaker 1: larger than the hydro west and you feel like it's

1023
00:56:39,200 --> 00:56:43,120
Speaker 1: just gonna swallow your soul through this comp s. It's upsetting. Yeah,

1024
00:56:43,160 --> 00:56:46,399
Speaker 1: and I would definitely not want to encounter human sized

1025
00:56:46,440 --> 00:56:50,319
Speaker 1: hydro that's for sure. Um mammals we can regenerate a

1026
00:56:50,360 --> 00:56:53,640
Speaker 1: little bit like deer. They can regrow their antlers right,

1027
00:56:53,719 --> 00:56:57,280
Speaker 1: and sometimes humans can regenerate internal organs like the liver,

1028
00:56:57,840 --> 00:57:00,799
Speaker 1: but we mainly we don't regenerate. And the reason why

1029
00:57:00,920 --> 00:57:04,600
Speaker 1: is because our wounds are sealed off with thickened mats

1030
00:57:04,640 --> 00:57:09,439
Speaker 1: of collagen. The scars ward off infection. But they make

1031
00:57:09,480 --> 00:57:13,400
Speaker 1: it really difficult to completely heal because the collagen is

1032
00:57:13,480 --> 00:57:17,400
Speaker 1: severing the nerves and those can't penetrate the barrier to reconnect.

1033
00:57:17,480 --> 00:57:21,000
Speaker 1: So it seems like biology is one of two ways

1034
00:57:21,040 --> 00:57:24,400
Speaker 1: you either get to scar or you get to regenerate. Now, scars,

1035
00:57:24,880 --> 00:57:26,680
Speaker 1: when you look at your scars like I've got some

1036
00:57:26,720 --> 00:57:30,000
Speaker 1: scars on my hands and stuff, they're essentially just overgrowth

1037
00:57:30,000 --> 00:57:33,680
Speaker 1: of our normal fibrous scaffolding, the stuff that supports all

1038
00:57:33,720 --> 00:57:37,960
Speaker 1: of our tissues. Right now, all kinds of lizards can regenerate,

1039
00:57:38,000 --> 00:57:41,840
Speaker 1: but not all lizards can. Crocodiles and snakes don't seem

1040
00:57:41,880 --> 00:57:44,560
Speaker 1: to be able to. And in fact, the photo of

1041
00:57:44,600 --> 00:57:50,120
Speaker 1: this scp rage monster lizard, it's essentially a crocodile, that's

1042
00:57:50,120 --> 00:57:54,840
Speaker 1: what it looks like. But iguanas, geckos, salamanders, larval frogs,

1043
00:57:54,840 --> 00:57:57,800
Speaker 1: and toads, they have all demonstrated the ability to regenerate.

1044
00:57:58,080 --> 00:58:02,200
Speaker 1: In many cases, the regrown limb will separate from the muscles,

1045
00:58:02,240 --> 00:58:05,600
Speaker 1: the blood supply, and the nerves. The bones they actually

1046
00:58:05,640 --> 00:58:09,800
Speaker 1: regrow not as bones but as cartilaginous tubes. Uh. And

1047
00:58:09,840 --> 00:58:13,200
Speaker 1: so this isn't instantaneous. It can take, for instance, and

1048
00:58:13,240 --> 00:58:17,280
Speaker 1: annul a lizard sixty days just to regenerate a functional tail,

1049
00:58:17,840 --> 00:58:21,280
Speaker 1: and the process is stressful because the lizard has to

1050
00:58:21,400 --> 00:58:23,520
Speaker 1: use a lot of energy to do this. It can

1051
00:58:23,560 --> 00:58:27,720
Speaker 1: even lower their social status, among other lizards, but the

1052
00:58:27,840 --> 00:58:31,960
Speaker 1: less stress the lizard deals with, the faster the stump

1053
00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:34,320
Speaker 1: will heal. So, you know, wants to go to a

1054
00:58:34,360 --> 00:58:36,840
Speaker 1: little quiet place, you know, be in the dark and

1055
00:58:36,880 --> 00:58:40,080
Speaker 1: just sit there and regenerate. You know, some lizards can

1056
00:58:40,120 --> 00:58:43,120
Speaker 1: only do this once, while other lizards can shed and

1057
00:58:43,200 --> 00:58:48,280
Speaker 1: regenerate over and over and over again. Now, interestingly, researchers

1058
00:58:48,320 --> 00:58:52,400
Speaker 1: at Arizona State University in furteen were able to pinpoint

1059
00:58:52,440 --> 00:58:57,000
Speaker 1: the genes responsible for annual lizard tail regeneration, and of

1060
00:58:57,040 --> 00:59:01,320
Speaker 1: the twenty three thousand genes, they narrowed it down to

1061
00:59:01,480 --> 00:59:04,720
Speaker 1: three hundred and twenty six that were quote turned on

1062
00:59:04,880 --> 00:59:09,160
Speaker 1: during regeneration. While they expected this to be mostly genes

1063
00:59:09,200 --> 00:59:11,600
Speaker 1: that were in the tip where the tail was regrowing,

1064
00:59:11,760 --> 00:59:15,840
Speaker 1: they actually found that cells dividing, we're all over the lizard,

1065
00:59:15,840 --> 00:59:19,240
Speaker 1: including in its muscle, its cartilage, it's spinal cord, and

1066
00:59:19,360 --> 00:59:23,200
Speaker 1: its skin. They also found get this, of those three

1067
00:59:23,240 --> 00:59:26,960
Speaker 1: hundred and twenty six genes that were responsible for regeneration,

1068
00:59:27,400 --> 00:59:31,040
Speaker 1: nearly all of them are present in us in human

1069
00:59:31,080 --> 00:59:34,160
Speaker 1: beings as well, So in theory, we should be able

1070
00:59:34,200 --> 00:59:36,960
Speaker 1: to do the same thing. So they're hoping their research

1071
00:59:37,000 --> 00:59:40,960
Speaker 1: will help find a way to help with birth defects,

1072
00:59:41,200 --> 00:59:45,439
Speaker 1: spinal cord injuries, and possibly arthritis. Now, some of these

1073
00:59:45,480 --> 00:59:49,680
Speaker 1: genes seemed to be involved in embryonic development and in

1074
00:59:49,840 --> 00:59:53,600
Speaker 1: wound healing. The genes involved in regeneration all seemed to

1075
00:59:53,640 --> 00:59:56,800
Speaker 1: be part of the w n T pathway. I think

1076
00:59:56,800 --> 00:59:59,880
Speaker 1: that's how you pronounce it. It's just wouldn't it's just

1077
01:00:00,040 --> 01:00:05,320
Speaker 1: produced like that in the literature that controls stem cells

1078
01:00:05,360 --> 01:00:07,800
Speaker 1: in organs like our brain, our hair follicles, and all

1079
01:00:07,920 --> 01:00:11,960
Speaker 1: our blood vessels. So researchers they've identified a type of

1080
01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:16,560
Speaker 1: cell that's really important for tissue regeneration. That's the satellite cell.

1081
01:00:16,920 --> 01:00:19,640
Speaker 1: And these satellite cells are also more common and nole

1082
01:00:19,640 --> 01:00:22,040
Speaker 1: a lizards. So all right, let's apply this to our

1083
01:00:22,120 --> 01:00:26,120
Speaker 1: reptile monster here. It sounds like as a reptile, it

1084
01:00:26,240 --> 01:00:29,320
Speaker 1: probably has the same ability that many lizards that we've

1085
01:00:29,320 --> 01:00:32,320
Speaker 1: described have, but this is at a more accelerated rate.

1086
01:00:32,320 --> 01:00:34,840
Speaker 1: It probably doesn't scar at all. And based on that

1087
01:00:34,920 --> 01:00:38,720
Speaker 1: tween genetic discovery, I would guess maybe this reptile has

1088
01:00:38,800 --> 01:00:42,320
Speaker 1: even more genes that quote turn on and allow it

1089
01:00:42,400 --> 01:00:45,800
Speaker 1: cells to divide, and maybe it has more satellite cells too.

1090
01:00:46,480 --> 01:00:49,960
Speaker 1: But it seems like it would need to consume a lot,

1091
01:00:50,600 --> 01:00:52,840
Speaker 1: a lot of energy to keep this up right, So

1092
01:00:53,000 --> 01:00:55,640
Speaker 1: what is it eating? And it's said in the Creepy

1093
01:00:55,680 --> 01:00:58,280
Speaker 1: pasta that you know it can convert any matter into

1094
01:00:58,400 --> 01:01:02,000
Speaker 1: energy essentially, right. Um, it makes me think of this

1095
01:01:02,120 --> 01:01:07,040
Speaker 1: Legion of Superheroes character called matter Eater Lad, So maybe

1096
01:01:07,120 --> 01:01:09,720
Speaker 1: this is a this is like an evil version of that. Okay,

1097
01:01:09,960 --> 01:01:12,880
Speaker 1: what also reminds me, I think there's another stp anentity

1098
01:01:12,920 --> 01:01:16,120
Speaker 1: that's like a living thing without any without an orifice.

1099
01:01:16,400 --> 01:01:19,760
Speaker 1: So yeah, we talked about that in one of the

1100
01:01:19,760 --> 01:01:22,400
Speaker 1: other ones. So like there's the idea, Well, it must

1101
01:01:22,480 --> 01:01:25,320
Speaker 1: have like an extra dimensional portion of its body that

1102
01:01:25,400 --> 01:01:29,440
Speaker 1: eats in another world. Yeah. Well here I turned to

1103
01:01:29,600 --> 01:01:33,520
Speaker 1: just normal digestion and matter conversion to try to figure

1104
01:01:33,560 --> 01:01:36,480
Speaker 1: this out. So a brief primer on simply how we

1105
01:01:36,600 --> 01:01:40,440
Speaker 1: and most other living things digest. We break down food

1106
01:01:40,480 --> 01:01:42,400
Speaker 1: and I'm putting that in quotes because remember, this thing

1107
01:01:42,400 --> 01:01:45,080
Speaker 1: can eat organic stuff, but we just break them down

1108
01:01:45,080 --> 01:01:49,360
Speaker 1: into smaller substances and then we extract nutrients from them

1109
01:01:49,400 --> 01:01:53,320
Speaker 1: that gives us energy to develop. So there's three micronutrients

1110
01:01:53,320 --> 01:01:57,200
Speaker 1: for this energy, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. We also make

1111
01:01:57,320 --> 01:02:00,760
Speaker 1: use of vitamins and materials, and then through chemical old digestion,

1112
01:02:00,760 --> 01:02:03,360
Speaker 1: which is after we've chewed our food and our stomach

1113
01:02:03,400 --> 01:02:06,280
Speaker 1: has churned it all down. There's enzymes in our bodies

1114
01:02:06,360 --> 01:02:09,840
Speaker 1: that break the chemical bonds and change the structure of

1115
01:02:09,840 --> 01:02:14,320
Speaker 1: the molecules involved. And the human mechanical process that also

1116
01:02:14,360 --> 01:02:19,120
Speaker 1: involves moistening that starts the actual chemical enzyme breakdown. Right,

1117
01:02:19,120 --> 01:02:21,800
Speaker 1: our saliva is sort of the beginning of that process.

1118
01:02:22,240 --> 01:02:25,520
Speaker 1: So okay, let's turn back to this lizard monster SCP

1119
01:02:25,680 --> 01:02:30,280
Speaker 1: Nine six two. It seems that this reptiles digestion is

1120
01:02:30,360 --> 01:02:34,400
Speaker 1: aided by turning substance into a liquid. Remember it mentioned

1121
01:02:34,400 --> 01:02:37,680
Speaker 1: that it breathes in liquid and then it takes in

1122
01:02:37,720 --> 01:02:42,600
Speaker 1: the substances through gills that then distribute the micronutrients around

1123
01:02:42,600 --> 01:02:45,240
Speaker 1: to be converted into energy. So what I'm wondering, does

1124
01:02:45,280 --> 01:02:48,160
Speaker 1: it choose stuff up and then vomit it back up

1125
01:02:48,560 --> 01:02:52,000
Speaker 1: and then snort it down through its gills somehow it's

1126
01:02:52,040 --> 01:02:56,840
Speaker 1: turning like if it's eating rocks, it's turning those rocks

1127
01:02:56,840 --> 01:03:00,960
Speaker 1: into a liquid somehow, and then it's bringing the liquid

1128
01:03:00,960 --> 01:03:03,720
Speaker 1: in through the gills and its nose it's quite confusing.

1129
01:03:04,000 --> 01:03:06,080
Speaker 1: Or maybe there's just a little hole in between its

1130
01:03:06,120 --> 01:03:09,960
Speaker 1: mouth and its nostrils and that the liquid goes up

1131
01:03:10,000 --> 01:03:11,760
Speaker 1: and filters in through the gills that way. I mean,

1132
01:03:11,760 --> 01:03:13,320
Speaker 1: it's certainly not that far removed from some of the

1133
01:03:13,560 --> 01:03:16,960
Speaker 1: feeding practices of insects. I mean, the famous one being,

1134
01:03:16,960 --> 01:03:19,320
Speaker 1: of course, the fly. And then the other thing here

1135
01:03:19,400 --> 01:03:23,640
Speaker 1: is how powerful must the acidic enzymes in its digestive

1136
01:03:23,640 --> 01:03:26,960
Speaker 1: system be that allow it to break down anything? Right?

1137
01:03:27,240 --> 01:03:29,400
Speaker 1: And that makes me think they keep talking about in

1138
01:03:29,400 --> 01:03:32,160
Speaker 1: this creepy aposta, oh we hydrochloric acid is the only

1139
01:03:32,160 --> 01:03:34,320
Speaker 1: way we can deal with this thing. And I'm thinking, well,

1140
01:03:34,360 --> 01:03:38,200
Speaker 1: maybe the hydrochloric acid is breaking down its external body

1141
01:03:38,240 --> 01:03:41,479
Speaker 1: parts on the outside, but it's probably got some kind

1142
01:03:41,480 --> 01:03:46,240
Speaker 1: of acidic shielding inside its stomach and digestive system. Yeah,

1143
01:03:46,240 --> 01:03:49,560
Speaker 1: I mean, much like humans do exactly. Yeah, So this

1144
01:03:49,640 --> 01:03:54,920
Speaker 1: thing classic example if you just combine reptile regeneration and

1145
01:03:54,960 --> 01:03:58,080
Speaker 1: you kind of accelerate it to fantastic levels, and then

1146
01:03:58,120 --> 01:04:01,360
Speaker 1: you consider just how digest it works, which is pretty

1147
01:04:01,400 --> 01:04:04,800
Speaker 1: fantastic when you think about it. So, okay, we've hit

1148
01:04:04,840 --> 01:04:08,520
Speaker 1: three of them, three creepy pastas. Let's take one more break,

1149
01:04:08,840 --> 01:04:10,840
Speaker 1: we'll come back and we'll get our last one in.

1150
01:04:13,960 --> 01:04:16,880
Speaker 1: All right, we're back. So the final creepy pasta for

1151
01:04:16,880 --> 01:04:20,920
Speaker 1: this episode is one known as The Grifter, and I

1152
01:04:20,960 --> 01:04:23,120
Speaker 1: want to just give everyone a heads up here in

1153
01:04:23,320 --> 01:04:28,000
Speaker 1: this particular portion of the podcast, we're gonna get into

1154
01:04:28,040 --> 01:04:30,919
Speaker 1: I mean, we're we're pretty PG show, but this one

1155
01:04:31,000 --> 01:04:34,080
Speaker 1: is going to involve enough films a little bit. So

1156
01:04:34,240 --> 01:04:37,280
Speaker 1: if you need to check out at this point, we

1157
01:04:37,360 --> 01:04:39,360
Speaker 1: respect that. And if you want to come back in

1158
01:04:39,520 --> 01:04:42,600
Speaker 1: when you're when the listening audience is more appropriate, you

1159
01:04:42,680 --> 01:04:45,680
Speaker 1: may do that as well. Okay, alright, So I keep

1160
01:04:45,800 --> 01:04:48,439
Speaker 1: I kept coming back to this one though, because there's

1161
01:04:48,480 --> 01:04:52,480
Speaker 1: something kind of pure about it, you know, something something uncut.

1162
01:04:53,640 --> 01:04:56,320
Speaker 1: The versions of The Grifter that I kept coming across,

1163
01:04:56,480 --> 01:04:59,200
Speaker 1: they don't even have the embellishments of character story. It's

1164
01:04:59,240 --> 01:05:01,600
Speaker 1: simply the side you that, hey, there's a video out

1165
01:05:01,640 --> 01:05:04,200
Speaker 1: there called The Grifter, and it's sort of a super

1166
01:05:04,240 --> 01:05:08,120
Speaker 1: cut of disturbing images that contain, uh, you know, actual

1167
01:05:08,160 --> 01:05:11,720
Speaker 1: footage of child deaths and creepy puppets, which seems like

1168
01:05:11,760 --> 01:05:15,440
Speaker 1: an object of position because on one hand, child deaths

1169
01:05:15,480 --> 01:05:18,160
Speaker 1: are horrible and they should not be filmed, and they

1170
01:05:18,200 --> 01:05:21,720
Speaker 1: are filmed, and that's probably suspectus. There was almost certainly

1171
01:05:21,760 --> 01:05:24,560
Speaker 1: a crime committed here, right, and creepy. But on the

1172
01:05:24,560 --> 01:05:26,840
Speaker 1: other hand, creepy puppets are just creepy puppets that are

1173
01:05:26,880 --> 01:05:29,760
Speaker 1: just good, wholesome fun. Uh So I don't see why

1174
01:05:29,800 --> 01:05:32,000
Speaker 1: I should react to the creepy puppet in the same

1175
01:05:32,000 --> 01:05:34,240
Speaker 1: way I'm reacting to a film. Just sounds like a

1176
01:05:34,400 --> 01:05:38,240
Speaker 1: like a video goo losh, Yeah, to sort of overwhelm

1177
01:05:38,360 --> 01:05:40,920
Speaker 1: your senses. But this was definitely a theme for a while.

1178
01:05:41,360 --> 01:05:44,240
Speaker 1: It still is, right, I mean, ring and Ringo obviously

1179
01:05:44,320 --> 01:05:47,720
Speaker 1: kicked it off the video drome transmission. Yeah, And there's

1180
01:05:47,720 --> 01:05:49,960
Speaker 1: a lot of literary fiction that I've read lately that's

1181
01:05:50,000 --> 01:05:52,600
Speaker 1: kind of like meta horror analysis. In fact, Joe Hill

1182
01:05:52,680 --> 01:05:56,240
Speaker 1: has one that's like this about like watching horror movies.

1183
01:05:56,320 --> 01:05:59,600
Speaker 1: Actually read this book by Jema Files recently called Experimental Film.

1184
01:05:59,640 --> 01:06:01,960
Speaker 1: It's it's very similar. The whole kind of thing is

1185
01:06:02,000 --> 01:06:05,959
Speaker 1: just like there are these haunted things that you're watching, right, Yeah, Yeah,

1186
01:06:06,000 --> 01:06:09,800
Speaker 1: it's um. It's really interesting because it it seems to emerge.

1187
01:06:09,840 --> 01:06:12,520
Speaker 1: The Grifter in particular, seems to emerge from two areas here,

1188
01:06:13,000 --> 01:06:16,920
Speaker 1: So the endearing urban myth of the snuff film, and

1189
01:06:17,000 --> 01:06:21,280
Speaker 1: of course the ever widening realm of recorded human experience,

1190
01:06:21,360 --> 01:06:24,920
Speaker 1: just the fact that there are there, there are films

1191
01:06:25,040 --> 01:06:27,560
Speaker 1: of human death. There, There is footage of human death

1192
01:06:27,800 --> 01:06:29,240
Speaker 1: out there on the Internet, and you don't even really

1193
01:06:29,280 --> 01:06:31,720
Speaker 1: have to look that hard to find it. Hell no,

1194
01:06:31,880 --> 01:06:34,800
Speaker 1: I mean, when we were growing up, even before there

1195
01:06:34,880 --> 01:06:38,840
Speaker 1: was really an internet, faces of deathless and I'll get

1196
01:06:38,840 --> 01:06:40,640
Speaker 1: to faces. Yeah, I saw face as a death when

1197
01:06:40,640 --> 01:06:42,520
Speaker 1: I was like, oh god, way too young and like

1198
01:06:42,520 --> 01:06:44,640
Speaker 1: a fourteen or fifteen. I don't think I ever saw them,

1199
01:06:44,640 --> 01:06:47,800
Speaker 1: but I remember I remember the VHS tapes, which was enough,

1200
01:06:48,160 --> 01:06:50,120
Speaker 1: you know, just to see the tapes and maybe if

1201
01:06:50,160 --> 01:06:51,600
Speaker 1: I got brave, you know, pick it up and read

1202
01:06:51,640 --> 01:06:54,440
Speaker 1: the back of it. Now. But before we get into

1203
01:06:54,480 --> 01:06:57,919
Speaker 1: either these areas though, it's of course worth remembering that

1204
01:06:58,080 --> 01:07:00,680
Speaker 1: footage of human deaths. Not only do they exists, but

1205
01:07:00,760 --> 01:07:04,280
Speaker 1: they've they've been with us for quite a while. Um.

1206
01:07:04,320 --> 01:07:08,960
Speaker 1: Among the older examples, you'll find botched performances, most famously

1207
01:07:09,360 --> 01:07:15,160
Speaker 1: friends uh Richild's nineteen twelve failed Eiffel Tower parachute jump.

1208
01:07:15,960 --> 01:07:18,400
Speaker 1: Uh And that's out there on YouTube as well, but

1209
01:07:18,480 --> 01:07:20,200
Speaker 1: you know, basically he was going to test out this

1210
01:07:20,240 --> 01:07:22,960
Speaker 1: parachute apparatus. It didn't work, he died, and there's film

1211
01:07:22,960 --> 01:07:25,880
Speaker 1: in footage of it. For non human animals, we have

1212
01:07:25,920 --> 01:07:31,280
Speaker 1: Thomas Edison's three filmed electrocution of Topsy the Elephant Man.

1213
01:07:31,720 --> 01:07:33,400
Speaker 1: You guys have talked about this on the show before,

1214
01:07:33,400 --> 01:07:36,800
Speaker 1: didn't you do like a whole episode on Yeah, Joe

1215
01:07:36,800 --> 01:07:39,480
Speaker 1: and Robert have another episode that's all about like electricity

1216
01:07:39,480 --> 01:07:43,640
Speaker 1: and religiosity. But man Thomas Edison did some really awful

1217
01:07:43,720 --> 01:07:47,640
Speaker 1: stuff basically to try to like promote his brand of electricity,

1218
01:07:47,680 --> 01:07:51,640
Speaker 1: including electrocuting human beings. Yeah, I mean, but as far

1219
01:07:51,680 --> 01:07:53,439
Speaker 1: as just Topsy goes, even though it's not a human

1220
01:07:53,480 --> 01:07:58,479
Speaker 1: like that, it's a pretty it's it's a pretty dark history. Now,

1221
01:07:58,600 --> 01:08:02,080
Speaker 1: if you follow all of this stuff with numerous assassinations,

1222
01:08:02,200 --> 01:08:06,160
Speaker 1: footage of war and violence, various performance or sports sports

1223
01:08:06,200 --> 01:08:09,840
Speaker 1: based fatalities, you end up having just quite a well

1224
01:08:10,480 --> 01:08:14,000
Speaker 1: of a filmed death. And then of course we eventually

1225
01:08:14,000 --> 01:08:17,479
Speaker 1: see filmed murders and suicides that also occur outside the

1226
01:08:17,479 --> 01:08:21,400
Speaker 1: confines of war. So as cameras grow more and more ubiquitous,

1227
01:08:21,479 --> 01:08:26,160
Speaker 1: the act of capturing life means inevitably capturing death as well.

1228
01:08:26,240 --> 01:08:28,880
Speaker 1: And I just mentioned recently on the Optography episode, I've

1229
01:08:28,920 --> 01:08:32,120
Speaker 1: got a whole book full of photos from the nineteenth

1230
01:08:32,120 --> 01:08:34,800
Speaker 1: century of dead bodies. That was because there was this

1231
01:08:34,880 --> 01:08:37,559
Speaker 1: fascination at the time with that would be kind of

1232
01:08:37,600 --> 01:08:39,960
Speaker 1: the best way to remember the person. They thought, right

1233
01:08:39,960 --> 01:08:43,160
Speaker 1: as like right before they were buried, they would get

1234
01:08:43,200 --> 01:08:45,880
Speaker 1: them very well dressed up the corpse and take a

1235
01:08:45,920 --> 01:08:50,160
Speaker 1: photo that the family would keep. You know, now, in

1236
01:08:50,200 --> 01:08:52,880
Speaker 1: all of this, okay, so we know the footage is

1237
01:08:52,880 --> 01:08:55,400
Speaker 1: out there, like some of it's on YouTube, especially the

1238
01:08:55,760 --> 01:09:00,000
Speaker 1: historic bits of footage. Other stuff is more buried away

1239
01:09:00,160 --> 01:09:03,200
Speaker 1: and darker portions of the web. But there is something

1240
01:09:03,200 --> 01:09:05,720
Speaker 1: creepy about just knowing that it's out there, that all

1241
01:09:05,720 --> 01:09:07,439
Speaker 1: of this stuff on the Internet is out there and

1242
01:09:07,439 --> 01:09:10,439
Speaker 1: it's just a few key strokes away if you are

1243
01:09:10,520 --> 01:09:14,840
Speaker 1: willing to glance in its direction. Right now, In all

1244
01:09:14,920 --> 01:09:18,639
Speaker 1: these cases though, we're talking about, you know about footage,

1245
01:09:18,640 --> 01:09:22,760
Speaker 1: footage of something that happened, or in some cases some

1246
01:09:22,800 --> 01:09:25,679
Speaker 1: of the violer examples, Yes it's somebody perpetrating a crime

1247
01:09:25,720 --> 01:09:30,719
Speaker 1: and filming it, but they are not exactly snuff films.

1248
01:09:30,800 --> 01:09:34,760
Speaker 1: It's there, they're not examples of film that contains an

1249
01:09:34,800 --> 01:09:38,519
Speaker 1: actual murder committed as an intentional part of the production

1250
01:09:38,600 --> 01:09:43,600
Speaker 1: for profit. It's not a murder stage for commercial purposes,

1251
01:09:43,680 --> 01:09:48,200
Speaker 1: which is terrifying and yet somehow believable idea. And it's

1252
01:09:48,240 --> 01:09:51,200
Speaker 1: tied directly to this urban legend of the snuff film.

1253
01:09:51,360 --> 01:09:55,839
Speaker 1: So what this makes me think of immediately is nine eleven.

1254
01:09:56,280 --> 01:09:59,519
Speaker 1: So when nine eleven happened, we've all heard the stories

1255
01:09:59,560 --> 01:10:01,880
Speaker 1: about how there were some victims who had to jump

1256
01:10:01,960 --> 01:10:04,679
Speaker 1: off of the building. Right, So the jumper is a famous,

1257
01:10:04,960 --> 01:10:08,960
Speaker 1: uh famous photograph of the individual jumping out of the

1258
01:10:09,000 --> 01:10:12,640
Speaker 1: tower exactly. Now, a lot of that footage did not

1259
01:10:12,760 --> 01:10:17,479
Speaker 1: show up in American media, especially after eleven happened, right

1260
01:10:17,680 --> 01:10:21,240
Speaker 1: we are media was definitely sanitized at that time. That's

1261
01:10:21,240 --> 01:10:24,479
Speaker 1: a whole another episode. But I was actually in Eastern

1262
01:10:24,479 --> 01:10:26,880
Speaker 1: Europe a couple of years after that, and I was

1263
01:10:27,000 --> 01:10:30,760
Speaker 1: in Krakow in Poland, and there was a gallery and

1264
01:10:30,800 --> 01:10:34,800
Speaker 1: it was all photos from nine eleven, including that one,

1265
01:10:34,960 --> 01:10:36,720
Speaker 1: you know, and they had blown it up and it

1266
01:10:36,880 --> 01:10:40,519
Speaker 1: basically the gallery sort of challenging you to look at

1267
01:10:40,600 --> 01:10:44,479
Speaker 1: this moment of horror and real death, but confront it

1268
01:10:44,520 --> 01:10:47,360
Speaker 1: in a way that American news media wasn't willing to.

1269
01:10:47,560 --> 01:10:51,680
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, I mean there are times when the photograph

1270
01:10:51,840 --> 01:10:55,400
Speaker 1: or film footage of actual human death has certainly been

1271
01:10:55,439 --> 01:10:59,720
Speaker 1: a poignant, you know, capture of of what it means

1272
01:10:59,760 --> 01:11:01,400
Speaker 1: to of in our modern world. I mean, I could

1273
01:11:01,520 --> 01:11:03,280
Speaker 1: we could sit here and list the various you know,

1274
01:11:03,360 --> 01:11:06,200
Speaker 1: assassinations or I mean a lot of them. I guess

1275
01:11:06,200 --> 01:11:13,439
Speaker 1: they're targeted political assassinations, political murders, big Vietnam footage. More recently,

1276
01:11:13,479 --> 01:11:16,200
Speaker 1: there was the it was the the the Russian ambassador

1277
01:11:16,280 --> 01:11:19,080
Speaker 1: to Turkey, Is that correct? It was a shot in

1278
01:11:19,120 --> 01:11:21,360
Speaker 1: the gallery and there was a journalist there and captured

1279
01:11:21,400 --> 01:11:23,960
Speaker 1: the whole thing, and they were they were powerful, award

1280
01:11:24,040 --> 01:11:29,639
Speaker 1: winning photographs of this this crime taking place. But again

1281
01:11:29,800 --> 01:11:33,280
Speaker 1: very different from they're not snuff films. Yeah, they're not

1282
01:11:33,360 --> 01:11:36,320
Speaker 1: designed to entice you. So let me let's get into

1283
01:11:36,360 --> 01:11:37,920
Speaker 1: this idea of the snuff film real quick. This is

1284
01:11:37,920 --> 01:11:39,960
Speaker 1: probably the only chance on the show we have to

1285
01:11:40,000 --> 01:11:43,320
Speaker 1: talk about about the the really interesting history of them.

1286
01:11:43,320 --> 01:11:45,639
Speaker 1: And again we're not going to get into explicit details

1287
01:11:45,640 --> 01:11:49,120
Speaker 1: of things here, but the term itself emerged in the

1288
01:11:49,200 --> 01:11:54,280
Speaker 1: nineteen seventies. Uh. In fact, ninety one, an allegation was

1289
01:11:54,320 --> 01:11:57,600
Speaker 1: made in Ed Sanders and the book The Family The

1290
01:11:57,640 --> 01:12:00,880
Speaker 1: Story of Charles Manson's Doom Buggy Attack Battalion, that's the

1291
01:12:00,920 --> 01:12:03,920
Speaker 1: actual title. Uh, And he charged that the family was

1292
01:12:04,000 --> 01:12:08,280
Speaker 1: involved in making films of this nature he called in right, yeah.

1293
01:12:08,320 --> 01:12:11,599
Speaker 1: He he charged that they were making quote unquote brutality films,

1294
01:12:11,600 --> 01:12:14,439
Speaker 1: and he later referred to these and coined the term

1295
01:12:14,680 --> 01:12:18,360
Speaker 1: snuff films. Now all he had to go on here,

1296
01:12:18,360 --> 01:12:20,439
Speaker 1: though it was a second hand rumor that he even

1297
01:12:20,640 --> 01:12:24,720
Speaker 1: he himself eventually refuted, but it was It was a

1298
01:12:24,760 --> 01:12:27,920
Speaker 1: fact that the family had stolen an NBC TV truck

1299
01:12:27,960 --> 01:12:29,960
Speaker 1: in the summer of sixty nine and kept one of

1300
01:12:30,000 --> 01:12:32,840
Speaker 1: the cameras around, but the film was all recovered in.

1301
01:12:32,920 --> 01:12:36,080
Speaker 1: Sanders himself later admitted that no footage of murders or

1302
01:12:36,120 --> 01:12:40,040
Speaker 1: of just of dead bodies ever materialized, but the idea

1303
01:12:40,120 --> 01:12:42,320
Speaker 1: was out there and uh. And the rise of adult

1304
01:12:42,400 --> 01:12:46,439
Speaker 1: cinema with actual scenes of sexual activity and horror cinema

1305
01:12:46,600 --> 01:12:49,720
Speaker 1: with an increasingly violent and bloody focus, this seemed to

1306
01:12:49,720 --> 01:12:52,360
Speaker 1: make it all the more possible, right, like, what are

1307
01:12:52,360 --> 01:12:55,559
Speaker 1: these filmmakers going to do next? And then we had

1308
01:12:55,640 --> 01:12:57,760
Speaker 1: one particular film that came along to just sort of

1309
01:12:57,800 --> 01:12:59,760
Speaker 1: push this to the next level. And that was the

1310
01:12:59,840 --> 01:13:05,080
Speaker 1: night eighteen seventy six film Snuff that was promoted and

1311
01:13:05,320 --> 01:13:07,439
Speaker 1: you know, put out there as if it were an

1312
01:13:07,479 --> 01:13:11,040
Speaker 1: actual snuff film. So the taglines for this one are,

1313
01:13:11,080 --> 01:13:13,479
Speaker 1: and you can look up the posters the picture they

1314
01:13:13,520 --> 01:13:16,960
Speaker 1: said could never be shown, the bloodiest thing that has

1315
01:13:16,960 --> 01:13:20,160
Speaker 1: ever happened in front of a camera, the film that

1316
01:13:20,280 --> 01:13:24,400
Speaker 1: could only be made in South America where life is cheap.

1317
01:13:24,600 --> 01:13:27,880
Speaker 1: We just sort of reddid this again recently with that.

1318
01:13:28,200 --> 01:13:32,000
Speaker 1: And you and I are not fans, but Eli rothscreen Inferno,

1319
01:13:32,080 --> 01:13:35,439
Speaker 1: which came out years ago, and it wasn't They didn't

1320
01:13:35,439 --> 01:13:38,040
Speaker 1: market as like this really happened, but there was sort

1321
01:13:38,080 --> 01:13:40,960
Speaker 1: of a like this could have really happened because we

1322
01:13:40,960 --> 01:13:44,479
Speaker 1: were filming actual tribes in South America that have never

1323
01:13:44,520 --> 01:13:47,599
Speaker 1: been filmed before and who knows what they're up to, right, Yeah, Well,

1324
01:13:47,600 --> 01:13:50,920
Speaker 1: he was specifically playing with the legacy of Cannibal Holocaust,

1325
01:13:51,040 --> 01:13:53,519
Speaker 1: which is a film that came out after Snuff. That

1326
01:13:53,720 --> 01:13:56,200
Speaker 1: was all that also had this vibe of is it real?

1327
01:13:56,640 --> 01:13:58,559
Speaker 1: Is it is this a snuff film? Are these real

1328
01:13:58,640 --> 01:14:01,599
Speaker 1: dead bodies? Are real murders? And and it ended up

1329
01:14:01,600 --> 01:14:04,519
Speaker 1: being investigated, and of course there was no there's there's

1330
01:14:04,520 --> 01:14:11,120
Speaker 1: no fact. Yeah. But but snuff is interesting because in

1331
01:14:11,200 --> 01:14:15,400
Speaker 1: reality it was a combination of unreleased nineteen seventy footage.

1332
01:14:15,439 --> 01:14:18,559
Speaker 1: This is a movie called Slaughter that was actually the

1333
01:14:18,560 --> 01:14:22,840
Speaker 1: work of Michael and ROBERTA. Findlay. I don't know if

1334
01:14:22,840 --> 01:14:25,800
Speaker 1: you remember them, but they're a husband and wife exploitation

1335
01:14:25,880 --> 01:14:29,200
Speaker 1: duo that also gave us the nineteen seventy four film

1336
01:14:29,520 --> 01:14:32,479
Speaker 1: Shriek of the Mutilated, which is essentially a bigfoot film

1337
01:14:32,479 --> 01:14:34,720
Speaker 1: that we talked about on Trailer Talk. I don't think

1338
01:14:34,760 --> 01:14:38,000
Speaker 1: I was there, though maybe that was just so. It's

1339
01:14:38,040 --> 01:14:42,439
Speaker 1: the same couple, uh. Their film the film quality and

1340
01:14:42,479 --> 01:14:44,400
Speaker 1: the quality of the acting and production tends to be

1341
01:14:44,479 --> 01:14:48,360
Speaker 1: rather low in their work. But really but but but there,

1342
01:14:48,360 --> 01:14:51,120
Speaker 1: I think they were deceptively bright, at least enough from

1343
01:14:51,120 --> 01:14:53,240
Speaker 1: a marketing standpoint, and I think even to a limited

1344
01:14:53,240 --> 01:14:55,559
Speaker 1: extent from a storytelling standpoint. In Shriek of the Mutilate,

1345
01:14:55,560 --> 01:14:59,519
Speaker 1: it has a fabulous twist. But Slaughter just this movie

1346
01:14:59,560 --> 01:15:03,080
Speaker 1: dealt with a Manson inspired cult, had scenes of bloody death,

1347
01:15:03,600 --> 01:15:06,160
Speaker 1: and then when they repackaged it, they just added an

1348
01:15:06,320 --> 01:15:10,000
Speaker 1: end ending to it in which the woman seems to

1349
01:15:10,040 --> 01:15:12,559
Speaker 1: be murdered by the film crew. So it's kind of

1350
01:15:12,600 --> 01:15:14,960
Speaker 1: like a Holy Mountain moment where they break the fourth

1351
01:15:15,000 --> 01:15:17,559
Speaker 1: wall and it's like, oh, this was this isn't a

1352
01:15:17,600 --> 01:15:20,639
Speaker 1: movie at all, and the filmmakers are the real murderers here.

1353
01:15:21,000 --> 01:15:24,040
Speaker 1: So this like one of the things that I like

1354
01:15:24,240 --> 01:15:27,760
Speaker 1: about seventies horror cinema is that it was trying new

1355
01:15:27,840 --> 01:15:30,200
Speaker 1: things in ways that like a lot of other decades

1356
01:15:30,240 --> 01:15:32,280
Speaker 1: of horror cinema seemed to have been a little bit

1357
01:15:32,320 --> 01:15:35,040
Speaker 1: more conservative, but this was one of them, right. It

1358
01:15:35,120 --> 01:15:38,280
Speaker 1: was like the filmmakers were trying to see how far

1359
01:15:38,360 --> 01:15:43,240
Speaker 1: they could push the envelope and how that affected the audience, right.

1360
01:15:43,600 --> 01:15:45,840
Speaker 1: And I mean, I think the best example, the one

1361
01:15:45,880 --> 01:15:48,160
Speaker 1: that both you and I love, is Texas Chainsaw Massacre,

1362
01:15:48,520 --> 01:15:52,640
Speaker 1: which is clearly not real, right, but it's filmed in

1363
01:15:52,680 --> 01:15:55,280
Speaker 1: that nineteen seventies way. I wish there was like a

1364
01:15:55,320 --> 01:15:59,080
Speaker 1: way to encapsulate this with like the style of actual

1365
01:15:59,240 --> 01:16:01,920
Speaker 1: film that it's shot on and how the audio is recorded,

1366
01:16:01,960 --> 01:16:05,840
Speaker 1: but it's so organic and analog and raw. It has

1367
01:16:05,880 --> 01:16:08,360
Speaker 1: almost kind of a documentary vibe to it. Yet Yeah,

1368
01:16:08,600 --> 01:16:10,519
Speaker 1: and it came along at just the right time and

1369
01:16:10,560 --> 01:16:12,759
Speaker 1: in the wake of, or in the same time period

1370
01:16:12,800 --> 01:16:15,120
Speaker 1: of some of these uh these films that we're discussing

1371
01:16:15,200 --> 01:16:20,120
Speaker 1: here now. When Snuff came out, it was almost immediately

1372
01:16:21,040 --> 01:16:23,519
Speaker 1: out as a as a hoax, both that year in

1373
01:16:23,640 --> 01:16:26,240
Speaker 1: Variety magazine and also due to an L A p

1374
01:16:26,360 --> 01:16:30,479
Speaker 1: D investigation. It just simply doesn't hold up to close scrutiny. Yeah,

1375
01:16:30,479 --> 01:16:32,640
Speaker 1: you you watch it and you realize, yeah, this is

1376
01:16:32,680 --> 01:16:34,800
Speaker 1: fake blood, this is this is a horror movie, and

1377
01:16:34,880 --> 01:16:38,880
Speaker 1: not a particularly good one, but the reputation stuck with

1378
01:16:39,000 --> 01:16:42,599
Speaker 1: Snuff for a long time, and as argued by uh

1379
01:16:42,600 --> 01:16:47,120
Speaker 1: Ethene Johnson and Eric Schaefer Uh in uh their piece

1380
01:16:47,200 --> 01:16:50,200
Speaker 1: Software Hardcore Snuff as a Crisis in Meaning, which came

1381
01:16:50,200 --> 01:16:54,760
Speaker 1: out in the Journal of Film and Video, they said

1382
01:16:54,760 --> 01:16:57,360
Speaker 1: that this uh part of this film's success was that

1383
01:16:57,400 --> 01:16:59,680
Speaker 1: there was just a lot of genre confusion. It was

1384
01:16:59,680 --> 01:17:02,679
Speaker 1: hard to classify it as anything else because it wasn't

1385
01:17:02,920 --> 01:17:05,639
Speaker 1: really that explicit, not as explicit as other horror movies

1386
01:17:05,720 --> 01:17:09,000
Speaker 1: were coming out at that time. It certainly wasn't pornographic,

1387
01:17:09,160 --> 01:17:13,680
Speaker 1: so it didn't have that sheen to it, but it

1388
01:17:14,439 --> 01:17:16,800
Speaker 1: just confused people. And then there was this idea that

1389
01:17:16,880 --> 01:17:19,800
Speaker 1: it was real. Um, which I think is one of

1390
01:17:19,800 --> 01:17:22,920
Speaker 1: the elements with a lot of footage of actual violence

1391
01:17:22,920 --> 01:17:26,960
Speaker 1: and actual death, is the disconnect between what these acts

1392
01:17:27,000 --> 01:17:29,400
Speaker 1: look like in reality versus what they look like in

1393
01:17:29,520 --> 01:17:33,080
Speaker 1: cinematic portrayals. So in a way, by if you're not

1394
01:17:33,160 --> 01:17:34,960
Speaker 1: that great of a filmmaker, you don't have a great

1395
01:17:34,960 --> 01:17:38,200
Speaker 1: effects team, you're able to perhaps hit that area of

1396
01:17:38,320 --> 01:17:41,080
Speaker 1: uncertainty where people are like, oh my goodness, that really

1397
01:17:41,080 --> 01:17:43,879
Speaker 1: didn't look like a shooting. Maybe that was a shooting

1398
01:17:44,000 --> 01:17:46,800
Speaker 1: because real shootings don't look like movie shootings. Yeah, that's

1399
01:17:46,880 --> 01:17:49,640
Speaker 1: that's an interesting point too, and maybe why the seventies

1400
01:17:49,680 --> 01:17:52,160
Speaker 1: was such a like culmination of this kind of stuff,

1401
01:17:52,479 --> 01:17:54,559
Speaker 1: but also just that like we were getting into a

1402
01:17:54,560 --> 01:17:57,840
Speaker 1: phase where effects were getting better, film quality was getting better,

1403
01:17:57,960 --> 01:18:00,760
Speaker 1: and then obviously like the production of such kind of

1404
01:18:00,800 --> 01:18:05,519
Speaker 1: things was was going into like bigger studio investments, right,

1405
01:18:05,640 --> 01:18:08,720
Speaker 1: So all the more money that was put into it

1406
01:18:08,840 --> 01:18:12,160
Speaker 1: made it look less real. Yeah, but of course it was.

1407
01:18:12,280 --> 01:18:15,840
Speaker 1: It was all it was all production. This also makes

1408
01:18:15,840 --> 01:18:18,719
Speaker 1: me think I'm obsessed with the show right now, mind Hunter,

1409
01:18:18,880 --> 01:18:21,160
Speaker 1: which is on Netflix. Yeah, this is the yeah, the

1410
01:18:21,360 --> 01:18:25,280
Speaker 1: serial killer show. Yeah, it's all about how the FBI

1411
01:18:25,479 --> 01:18:28,720
Speaker 1: is in the early seventies, is trying to figure out

1412
01:18:28,800 --> 01:18:32,719
Speaker 1: how to come up with like a working behavioral science

1413
01:18:33,360 --> 01:18:36,840
Speaker 1: understanding of serial and that period of time was also

1414
01:18:36,920 --> 01:18:39,280
Speaker 1: like that, right, like all this stuff, and Manson has

1415
01:18:39,320 --> 01:18:41,679
Speaker 1: mentioned right in the first episode of that, where they're

1416
01:18:41,720 --> 01:18:47,000
Speaker 1: just trying to understand these horrific psychopathic acts, right, and

1417
01:18:47,040 --> 01:18:48,960
Speaker 1: they can't wrap their heads around because they don't want

1418
01:18:48,960 --> 01:18:51,960
Speaker 1: a language to you. And I think pop culture was

1419
01:18:52,000 --> 01:18:54,800
Speaker 1: trying to do it in this way, while maybe the

1420
01:18:54,880 --> 01:18:57,040
Speaker 1: FBI was trying to do it in their own way,

1421
01:18:57,080 --> 01:18:59,280
Speaker 1: you know. And it's interesting. One of the things that's

1422
01:18:59,320 --> 01:19:02,440
Speaker 1: interesting about why mind Hunter is now from our perspective

1423
01:19:02,439 --> 01:19:05,680
Speaker 1: of like forty plus years of police procedurals where we

1424
01:19:05,760 --> 01:19:10,960
Speaker 1: all sort of know the nomenclature of serial killers that like,

1425
01:19:11,000 --> 01:19:13,879
Speaker 1: when you're watching it, you're like, oh, yeah, it's so obvious,

1426
01:19:13,960 --> 01:19:17,240
Speaker 1: but they don't quite get it yet because they're they're

1427
01:19:17,320 --> 01:19:19,880
Speaker 1: literally unfamiliar with any of this. Yeah, it was a

1428
01:19:19,920 --> 01:19:22,400
Speaker 1: new day, and what was happening seemed to be defying

1429
01:19:22,760 --> 01:19:26,599
Speaker 1: typical patterns, typical lack classifications, and you see solving in reality,

1430
01:19:26,600 --> 01:19:28,920
Speaker 1: and you saw it in art as well. Yeah. Now

1431
01:19:29,720 --> 01:19:31,479
Speaker 1: this of course leads you just this legacy of the

1432
01:19:31,520 --> 01:19:34,800
Speaker 1: idea there's snuff films somewhere out there, someone's making snuff films.

1433
01:19:35,120 --> 01:19:38,920
Speaker 1: But it's important to note that there there are no

1434
01:19:39,200 --> 01:19:42,080
Speaker 1: true snuff films. There are no films in which someone

1435
01:19:42,280 --> 01:19:46,240
Speaker 1: is intentionally murdered as part of a commercial exercise. There

1436
01:19:46,320 --> 01:19:49,120
Speaker 1: and this has been investigated by journalists, this has been

1437
01:19:49,160 --> 01:19:53,280
Speaker 1: investigated by law enforcement agency. I believe it was investigative

1438
01:19:53,280 --> 01:19:56,280
Speaker 1: by Nicholas Cage in that movie eight Millimeter, Yes, which

1439
01:19:56,320 --> 01:19:58,280
Speaker 1: I remember enjoying back in the day. It as a

1440
01:19:58,920 --> 01:20:02,599
Speaker 1: oh it had what's his name? The the European actor

1441
01:20:02,640 --> 01:20:06,440
Speaker 1: who played ever seen Oh God, it's it's actually tremendously

1442
01:20:06,520 --> 01:20:11,240
Speaker 1: fun because you have Peter stormare one of my favorites. Yeah,

1443
01:20:11,280 --> 01:20:13,880
Speaker 1: I think his name is like something Velvet or something.

1444
01:20:14,600 --> 01:20:17,720
Speaker 1: And he's the guy that's making these snuff films and

1445
01:20:17,760 --> 01:20:20,640
Speaker 1: he's he's just acting over the top. And at the

1446
01:20:20,960 --> 01:20:23,679
Speaker 1: at the end spoiler for eight Millimeter, he he's shot.

1447
01:20:24,200 --> 01:20:26,920
Speaker 1: And I remember this because he's like, oh I'm bleeding,

1448
01:20:26,920 --> 01:20:29,240
Speaker 1: I'm dying. It's not supposed to happen like this. I

1449
01:20:29,280 --> 01:20:33,439
Speaker 1: wanted something more cinematic and then he says machine killed him,

1450
01:20:33,560 --> 01:20:35,519
Speaker 1: killed him. All he's talking to this sort of the

1451
01:20:35,520 --> 01:20:39,120
Speaker 1: the gimp murder character and the we should just have

1452
01:20:39,160 --> 01:20:42,439
Speaker 1: a whole Peter stormayor trailer talk episode. He's the best.

1453
01:20:42,479 --> 01:20:46,280
Speaker 1: He's fabulous, Like the movie Constantine. I've Constantine everything except

1454
01:20:46,320 --> 01:20:48,799
Speaker 1: for his saying he's only in it for five minutes.

1455
01:20:48,800 --> 01:20:51,280
Speaker 1: But my wife and I still to this day will

1456
01:20:51,479 --> 01:20:55,799
Speaker 1: quote him as Satan in Constantine. Yeah he's so good, alright,

1457
01:20:55,880 --> 01:20:58,960
Speaker 1: so so yeah. Again, there are no snuff films people

1458
01:20:58,960 --> 01:21:02,080
Speaker 1: have looked into it, but that. But I think the idea,

1459
01:21:02,200 --> 01:21:05,160
Speaker 1: the reason that that the snuff films or even stuff

1460
01:21:05,200 --> 01:21:07,960
Speaker 1: like The Grifter, the reason it resonates is because we

1461
01:21:08,040 --> 01:21:11,559
Speaker 1: are inclined to glance at the horror to rubber neck

1462
01:21:11,600 --> 01:21:14,200
Speaker 1: on the highway and you maybe just clink on some

1463
01:21:14,280 --> 01:21:17,240
Speaker 1: sort of suspect link um. And for some people who

1464
01:21:17,240 --> 01:21:19,760
Speaker 1: goes further. There's a two thousand twelve Verge article that

1465
01:21:19,840 --> 01:21:22,960
Speaker 1: explore the topic of gore fans and and it summarized

1466
01:21:23,000 --> 01:21:26,400
Speaker 1: that such individuals share quote, a compulsive curiosity about human

1467
01:21:26,479 --> 01:21:29,880
Speaker 1: nature and frailty, and a firm belief that the mainstream

1468
01:21:29,920 --> 01:21:34,439
Speaker 1: media does a disservice by censoring quote what's really going on?

1469
01:21:35,240 --> 01:21:37,120
Speaker 1: And uh and and I think there's some truth to that,

1470
01:21:37,160 --> 01:21:40,000
Speaker 1: because for the most part, we are removed from the

1471
01:21:40,040 --> 01:21:42,599
Speaker 1: physical reality of death. We do that through the way

1472
01:21:42,640 --> 01:21:45,840
Speaker 1: that we treat the dead and how we compartmentalize them

1473
01:21:45,840 --> 01:21:50,400
Speaker 1: within the funeral industry. And like we said earlier, death

1474
01:21:50,680 --> 01:21:54,800
Speaker 1: in film and TV is not necessarily something that's gonna

1475
01:21:54,840 --> 01:21:58,839
Speaker 1: line up with the real experience of murder and violence

1476
01:21:58,840 --> 01:22:01,920
Speaker 1: and death. Man. I know, I know we don't really

1477
01:22:01,960 --> 01:22:04,040
Speaker 1: have the opportunity to do this, but I kind of

1478
01:22:04,080 --> 01:22:06,800
Speaker 1: want to do like a whole podcast, not just an episode,

1479
01:22:07,160 --> 01:22:11,000
Speaker 1: like a podcast series, all about what we've talked about

1480
01:22:11,000 --> 01:22:12,960
Speaker 1: it with just this last Creepy Pasta, because I think

1481
01:22:13,000 --> 01:22:17,360
Speaker 1: there's a lot to unpack there, like humans, uh, both

1482
01:22:17,439 --> 01:22:22,480
Speaker 1: uncomfortable y and fascination with visions of death. It's undeniable,

1483
01:22:22,640 --> 01:22:25,120
Speaker 1: all right. So there you have it. A fourth Creepy

1484
01:22:25,160 --> 01:22:29,040
Speaker 1: Pasta is now in the books, it's boxed up, ready

1485
01:22:29,040 --> 01:22:31,679
Speaker 1: for the vault. And uh and hopefully it'll help everyone

1486
01:22:31,720 --> 01:22:35,040
Speaker 1: out there, uh, you know, cap off their their Halloween

1487
01:22:35,160 --> 01:22:38,439
Speaker 1: seasonal listening as well. Yeah. And in fact, I think

1488
01:22:38,560 --> 01:22:42,080
Speaker 1: this is going to publish actually right after Halloween, so

1489
01:22:42,120 --> 01:22:44,400
Speaker 1: we're giving you a special treaty. We went, we went

1490
01:22:44,479 --> 01:22:47,800
Speaker 1: one over. Well, it's still ourselves. I feel like that

1491
01:22:47,880 --> 01:22:52,160
Speaker 1: week between, you know it encompasses Halloween and All Saints Day.

1492
01:22:52,280 --> 01:22:56,600
Speaker 1: It's still Halloween, keeping Thanksgiving weeks weeks out for me,

1493
01:22:56,680 --> 01:22:59,760
Speaker 1: what is it a well, pish not that's in a

1494
01:23:00,160 --> 01:23:04,879
Speaker 1: may actually, but you know it's the Witches week. Anyways, Hey,

1495
01:23:05,040 --> 01:23:07,280
Speaker 1: all of those other creepy Posta episodes that we've been

1496
01:23:07,280 --> 01:23:09,880
Speaker 1: mentioning throughout this if you liked this one, you'll probably

1497
01:23:09,920 --> 01:23:13,200
Speaker 1: like those two creepy Pasta one, two, and three. They're

1498
01:23:13,280 --> 01:23:15,519
Speaker 1: all on stuff to Blow your Mind dot com. They

1499
01:23:15,560 --> 01:23:18,160
Speaker 1: will be in the show notes for this episode. But hey,

1500
01:23:18,320 --> 01:23:20,479
Speaker 1: this is the website. Everything's on there that we've been

1501
01:23:20,479 --> 01:23:23,439
Speaker 1: talking about this episode, the podcast that we've done, all

1502
01:23:23,439 --> 01:23:26,200
Speaker 1: those videos, including the horse hair video we talked about,

1503
01:23:26,840 --> 01:23:31,759
Speaker 1: and then also Roberts blog posts, which are the hidden

1504
01:23:32,080 --> 01:23:34,559
Speaker 1: gem secrets of stuff to blow your mind. If you're

1505
01:23:35,000 --> 01:23:37,040
Speaker 1: a real stuff to Blow your Mind fan, you're gonna

1506
01:23:37,040 --> 01:23:39,240
Speaker 1: want to check those out. And if you just want

1507
01:23:39,240 --> 01:23:41,000
Speaker 1: to get in touch with this directly, if you want

1508
01:23:41,040 --> 01:23:44,200
Speaker 1: to chat with us about creepy pastas, recommend creepy pastas,

1509
01:23:44,360 --> 01:23:46,120
Speaker 1: or you know your give your thoughts on some of

1510
01:23:46,160 --> 01:23:49,080
Speaker 1: the movies we've mentioned here. You can simply email us

1511
01:23:49,080 --> 01:24:01,360
Speaker 1: that blow the mind and how stuff works dot com

1512
01:24:01,400 --> 01:24:03,840
Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics. Does

1513
01:24:03,880 --> 01:24:27,920
Speaker 1: it how stuff works dot com