1 00:00:05,200 --> 00:00:07,960 Speaker 1: Hey, this is Annie and Samantha. I didn't welcome to stuff. 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:19,640 Speaker 1: I never told your production of iHeart Radio, said Samantha. Today, 3 00:00:19,680 --> 00:00:21,640 Speaker 1: I have a two part question for you. I think 4 00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:25,119 Speaker 1: we already talked about the first one. But were you 5 00:00:25,239 --> 00:00:30,800 Speaker 1: ever interested in a career in medicine? Yeah? Actually I 6 00:00:30,880 --> 00:00:35,080 Speaker 1: started out my college career with the idea that I 7 00:00:35,120 --> 00:00:36,920 Speaker 1: was going to be pre med. I knew I was 8 00:00:36,920 --> 00:00:38,760 Speaker 1: going to be premed. It also wouldn't along with I 9 00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:40,440 Speaker 1: wanted to be a missionary. But I wasn't going to 10 00:00:40,479 --> 00:00:45,640 Speaker 1: be a missionary without being actually helpful and actually saving lives, hopefully. 11 00:00:45,920 --> 00:00:48,360 Speaker 1: And then as I started doing all of my medical 12 00:00:48,400 --> 00:00:51,520 Speaker 1: courses slash all of the sciences, I realized how bad 13 00:00:52,280 --> 00:00:55,480 Speaker 1: I was at that and I barely passed chemistry. It 14 00:00:55,560 --> 00:01:01,000 Speaker 1: wasn't let me find another way to help. What was 15 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:03,880 Speaker 1: your like goal? What was your How are you envisioning 16 00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:09,280 Speaker 1: a working in that field? I was envisioning becoming general practitioner, 17 00:01:09,360 --> 00:01:14,200 Speaker 1: being able to co out and service and travel and 18 00:01:14,280 --> 00:01:18,800 Speaker 1: help communities. I was thinking, you know, obviously traveling abroad 19 00:01:19,400 --> 00:01:23,720 Speaker 1: where there's less access, and I wanted to really be helpful. 20 00:01:24,160 --> 00:01:28,080 Speaker 1: Probably doctors without borders would have been my route and 21 00:01:28,160 --> 00:01:32,080 Speaker 1: all of that, thinking that I would be poor and hopefully, 22 00:01:32,120 --> 00:01:34,479 Speaker 1: you know, going out in the world and helping. That 23 00:01:34,600 --> 00:01:37,880 Speaker 1: was what I was envisioning. I see, I see, I see. Okay, 24 00:01:37,880 --> 00:01:40,800 Speaker 1: And the second part of my question is are you 25 00:01:40,959 --> 00:01:45,680 Speaker 1: or were you ever big into like medical TV shows? Yeah, 26 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:47,160 Speaker 1: you know what, I think I caught up an e 27 00:01:47,400 --> 00:01:49,000 Speaker 1: er for a little while, and maybe it was the 28 00:01:49,040 --> 00:01:52,560 Speaker 1: soap opera bit that I liked George Clooney. Who doesn't 29 00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:55,040 Speaker 1: love George Clooney at that point in time, But I 30 00:01:55,040 --> 00:01:57,880 Speaker 1: did watch that for a little while. Scrubs really really 31 00:01:57,960 --> 00:02:01,880 Speaker 1: enjoyed Scrubs. Who doesn't love people being self deprecating as 32 00:02:01,920 --> 00:02:04,440 Speaker 1: well as saving lives and having some heart, you know? 33 00:02:04,600 --> 00:02:08,880 Speaker 1: But yeah, I did you Yeah, I didn't really, but 34 00:02:08,960 --> 00:02:11,760 Speaker 1: I did. I loved Scrubs and to this day, like 35 00:02:11,880 --> 00:02:15,560 Speaker 1: I can quote Scrubs, I have the soundtrack. I was 36 00:02:15,840 --> 00:02:18,200 Speaker 1: a huge Me and my friend group, we were really 37 00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:20,120 Speaker 1: in described and it's funny, like one of my favorite 38 00:02:20,120 --> 00:02:23,920 Speaker 1: episodes is the episode where they make fun of House. 39 00:02:24,280 --> 00:02:26,679 Speaker 1: But I've never seen House, so I didn't get half 40 00:02:26,680 --> 00:02:30,000 Speaker 1: the jokes, but I still I had watched a few 41 00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:33,080 Speaker 1: episodes of House, and I didn't get too caught up 42 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:37,040 Speaker 1: in that. But yeah, I did you talk about soundtrack? 43 00:02:37,080 --> 00:02:39,320 Speaker 1: I have to know have you watched any of it 44 00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:45,640 Speaker 1: streaming since the original? I mean I owned the DVDs, 45 00:02:45,840 --> 00:02:48,560 Speaker 1: so you haven't watched the streaming because they changed the 46 00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:52,640 Speaker 1: music I don't know, share or whatever, but because I 47 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:55,440 Speaker 1: watched it so much, I knew what music with when, 48 00:02:55,919 --> 00:02:58,560 Speaker 1: and now watching it on streaming, I'm like, wait, but 49 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:02,800 Speaker 1: that's not how that. Let me tell you, Samantha Supernatural, 50 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:05,840 Speaker 1: a lot of those songs and not the same, And 51 00:03:05,919 --> 00:03:11,160 Speaker 1: I'm always like, no, See, that's the one blessing that 52 00:03:11,240 --> 00:03:14,239 Speaker 1: I do have is I don't know that you can't Yeah, 53 00:03:14,280 --> 00:03:17,400 Speaker 1: you can't compare, that's true. But with Scrubs, I did 54 00:03:17,680 --> 00:03:23,240 Speaker 1: because I was in that Netflix era of getting the DVDs. Yeah, 55 00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:25,240 Speaker 1: oh yeah, and I would watch all the Scrubs through 56 00:03:25,320 --> 00:03:29,760 Speaker 1: Nextflix subscriptions. And now comparing it to our streaming network 57 00:03:29,840 --> 00:03:32,880 Speaker 1: and the fact that the songs have changed, like it's 58 00:03:33,160 --> 00:03:36,000 Speaker 1: it's so notable that it distracts me from the rest 59 00:03:36,040 --> 00:03:39,119 Speaker 1: of the show. Yeah, well, music is a really big 60 00:03:39,120 --> 00:03:43,560 Speaker 1: part of that show exactly. Well, yeah, of course, of course, 61 00:03:43,640 --> 00:03:47,880 Speaker 1: that's why I got a sound dress so good. I 62 00:03:47,920 --> 00:03:52,200 Speaker 1: remember when was Itt Grey's Anatomy and Scrubs both had 63 00:03:52,240 --> 00:03:54,600 Speaker 1: an episode in the same week that had the phrase 64 00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:57,440 Speaker 1: how to save a life and people were arguing about 65 00:03:57,520 --> 00:04:01,520 Speaker 1: who used it better, but so spectfully used it for 66 00:04:01,560 --> 00:04:06,160 Speaker 1: like a split second of like, no, not that song anyway. 67 00:04:06,200 --> 00:04:11,640 Speaker 1: Are we talking about this because I keep talking about that? Probably, 68 00:04:13,240 --> 00:04:16,839 Speaker 1: So today we're going to talk about women in medicine 69 00:04:16,839 --> 00:04:19,760 Speaker 1: and specifically modern medicine because more and more people are 70 00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:23,680 Speaker 1: getting the vaccine, which is very exciting, and yeah, we 71 00:04:23,720 --> 00:04:27,360 Speaker 1: wanted to highlight some of the more recent accomplishments of 72 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:31,680 Speaker 1: women in this field. And yeah, we've done episodes on 73 00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:35,640 Speaker 1: women in nursing and medicine before, also women's pain being 74 00:04:35,680 --> 00:04:38,880 Speaker 1: dismissed on the other side of that, but we wanted 75 00:04:38,920 --> 00:04:42,279 Speaker 1: to showcase some women that you might not have heard 76 00:04:42,320 --> 00:04:45,599 Speaker 1: of doing some really amazing things in the field of 77 00:04:45,640 --> 00:04:48,719 Speaker 1: modern medicine. Yes, and we're all about giving flowers to 78 00:04:48,800 --> 00:04:51,600 Speaker 1: those that are still with us today, but we're want 79 00:04:51,640 --> 00:04:54,800 Speaker 1: to start out with some numbers. Yeah, So, throughout history 80 00:04:54,880 --> 00:04:58,680 Speaker 1: and despite obstacles, women have been behind medical innovations around 81 00:04:58,880 --> 00:05:02,240 Speaker 1: blood transfusions, organ transplants, and a lot of areas in 82 00:05:02,320 --> 00:05:06,120 Speaker 1: reproductive health. Since the medical field has long ignored women, 83 00:05:06,520 --> 00:05:10,239 Speaker 1: women of course, have had to make do for themselves. Yes, 84 00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:12,760 Speaker 1: and while they are still disparities in terms of gender 85 00:05:12,760 --> 00:05:15,320 Speaker 1: and race in the medical field, more and more women 86 00:05:15,400 --> 00:05:18,720 Speaker 1: are entering it and shaping it at all levels and professions. 87 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:22,359 Speaker 1: Numbers from indicate that the United States, one third of 88 00:05:22,400 --> 00:05:26,080 Speaker 1: active physicians are women, half of all new medical graduates 89 00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:30,279 Speaker 1: or women, percent of nurse practitioners of nurses, and sixty 90 00:05:30,440 --> 00:05:35,080 Speaker 1: three of physician assistance. We've also talked about how women 91 00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:38,320 Speaker 1: in medicine are more likely to experience issues around burnout, 92 00:05:38,440 --> 00:05:43,640 Speaker 1: wage gap, discrimination, lack of mentors, maternity leave, and toxic environments, 93 00:05:43,680 --> 00:05:47,200 Speaker 1: among other things, which are all issues that need to 94 00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:50,239 Speaker 1: be addressed and also not isolated to the medical field, 95 00:05:50,279 --> 00:05:54,440 Speaker 1: but definitely a lot of articles, especially during the pandemic, 96 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:57,760 Speaker 1: have been written about burnout in particular, so that is 97 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:02,400 Speaker 1: something that we need to keep an eye on. All Right, 98 00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:07,840 Speaker 1: let us start our list of women with Dr kiss 99 00:06:07,880 --> 00:06:11,520 Speaker 1: Mechia Corbette or doctor Kissy Corbett, who is a great 100 00:06:11,560 --> 00:06:13,839 Speaker 1: Twitter followed by the way, if you haven't started, tell 101 00:06:14,040 --> 00:06:18,440 Speaker 1: her she's fantastic. You should follow her absolutely. She is 102 00:06:18,480 --> 00:06:20,840 Speaker 1: a thirty four year old black woman who has been 103 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:24,880 Speaker 1: at the forefront of the fight against COVID. Nineteen. Corbett 104 00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:27,400 Speaker 1: is one of the top scientists working on who has 105 00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:30,280 Speaker 1: been working on a COVID vaccine for the National Institutes 106 00:06:30,320 --> 00:06:33,080 Speaker 1: of Health. She and her team worked with pharmaceutical company 107 00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:37,400 Speaker 1: Maderna to pioneer and m RNA vaccine and this is 108 00:06:37,440 --> 00:06:42,359 Speaker 1: a vaccine that has an efficacy rate of over Recently, 109 00:06:42,600 --> 00:06:45,080 Speaker 1: when Dr Anthony Fauci was asked about the input of 110 00:06:45,200 --> 00:06:49,040 Speaker 1: African American scientists on the vaccine, Vauci responded, the very 111 00:06:49,120 --> 00:06:52,679 Speaker 1: vaccine that's one of the two that has absolutely exquisite 112 00:06:52,760 --> 00:06:59,839 Speaker 1: levels efficacy against clinical disease and almost epicacy against serious 113 00:06:59,839 --> 00:07:02,720 Speaker 1: to zas that are shown to be clearly safe. That 114 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:06,359 Speaker 1: vaccine was actually developed in my institute's vaccine research Center 115 00:07:06,520 --> 00:07:09,120 Speaker 1: by a team of scientists led by Dr Barney Graham 116 00:07:09,320 --> 00:07:13,280 Speaker 1: and his close colleague Dr Kizmickia Corbett Our Kizzy Corbett 117 00:07:13,480 --> 00:07:15,920 Speaker 1: Kizzy is an African American scientist who's right at the 118 00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:21,120 Speaker 1: forefront of the development of the vaccine. Dr Corbett's talent, determination, curiosity, 119 00:07:21,120 --> 00:07:24,600 Speaker 1: and empathy manifested from a young age and she secured 120 00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:27,840 Speaker 1: awards and monetary funding for her university studies, and she 121 00:07:27,920 --> 00:07:30,120 Speaker 1: got a spot as an intern at the National Institutes 122 00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:34,119 Speaker 1: of Health. For her PhD, she studied immunology and microbiology 123 00:07:34,160 --> 00:07:38,000 Speaker 1: while also working as a research assistant studying viral infections 124 00:07:38,360 --> 00:07:41,760 Speaker 1: inten She took a post doc position at the n 125 00:07:41,800 --> 00:07:47,239 Speaker 1: i h's Vaccine Research Center. In January, Dr Corbett received 126 00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:50,200 Speaker 1: an email from one of her co workers basically telling 127 00:07:50,200 --> 00:07:53,200 Speaker 1: her in her teammates to buckle up that their training 128 00:07:53,280 --> 00:07:55,760 Speaker 1: was about to be put to use and yes, yes 129 00:07:55,800 --> 00:08:00,480 Speaker 1: it was. It was oh caustious. Dr Corbett has spoken 130 00:08:00,520 --> 00:08:03,760 Speaker 1: about her experience as a black woman, a doctor and 131 00:08:03,880 --> 00:08:07,240 Speaker 1: the importance of visibility. I felt like it was necessary 132 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:09,280 Speaker 1: to be seen and not to be a hidden figure, 133 00:08:09,320 --> 00:08:11,240 Speaker 1: so to speak, she said. I felt that it was 134 00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:13,640 Speaker 1: important to do that because the level of visibility that 135 00:08:13,720 --> 00:08:16,360 Speaker 1: it would have to younger scientists and also to people 136 00:08:16,360 --> 00:08:18,960 Speaker 1: of color who have often worked behind the scenes and 137 00:08:19,040 --> 00:08:21,400 Speaker 1: essentially who have done the dirty work for these large 138 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:24,360 Speaker 1: efforts towards a vaccine. This person who looks like you 139 00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:26,400 Speaker 1: has been working on this for several years, and I 140 00:08:26,480 --> 00:08:28,720 Speaker 1: also wanted it to be visible because I wanted people 141 00:08:28,720 --> 00:08:31,160 Speaker 1: to understand that I stood by the work that I 142 00:08:31,160 --> 00:08:34,840 Speaker 1: had done for so long as well. And she's also 143 00:08:34,880 --> 00:08:38,600 Speaker 1: been really vocal about the disproportionate impact of COVID on 144 00:08:38,960 --> 00:08:42,160 Speaker 1: Black communities. And I think every woman on here we 145 00:08:42,200 --> 00:08:44,520 Speaker 1: could do a whole episode on, like we're doing kind 146 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:47,920 Speaker 1: of a brief bio in these but her story was 147 00:08:47,960 --> 00:08:51,199 Speaker 1: really inspiring and fascinating. And also, Maderna is the vaccine 148 00:08:51,200 --> 00:08:58,240 Speaker 1: that I am getting sofy Dolly pardon. Yes, that was 149 00:08:58,280 --> 00:09:01,720 Speaker 1: a legitimate act. So many good things to that, and yeah, 150 00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:05,120 Speaker 1: Dr Corbett has also been keeping a kind of thread 151 00:09:05,520 --> 00:09:09,840 Speaker 1: on her Twitter about her presenting about the vaccine, and 152 00:09:09,920 --> 00:09:12,640 Speaker 1: she has been a really big proponent in talking to 153 00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:16,520 Speaker 1: the Black community about what the vaccine is and because 154 00:09:17,040 --> 00:09:19,080 Speaker 1: let's be honest, there's a lot of distrust when it 155 00:09:19,120 --> 00:09:25,240 Speaker 1: comes to medicine in the black community, rightly so rightly so, 156 00:09:25,480 --> 00:09:28,199 Speaker 1: and they should be suspicious and I would be suspicious. 157 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:32,080 Speaker 1: I am suspicious sometimes, I mean for sure. But she 158 00:09:32,120 --> 00:09:34,720 Speaker 1: has been on the forefront and trying to talk about 159 00:09:34,760 --> 00:09:38,160 Speaker 1: it and how it's important and what she did and 160 00:09:38,200 --> 00:09:41,560 Speaker 1: making sure that this vaccine was safe and also that 161 00:09:41,600 --> 00:09:45,920 Speaker 1: it was accessible. So kudos to Dr Corbett and now 162 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:48,840 Speaker 1: we want to move on to Dr Rachel Sneerson born 163 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:51,760 Speaker 1: in Worshap, Poland in nineteen thirty two, who earned her 164 00:09:51,800 --> 00:09:55,160 Speaker 1: medical degree from Hadassa Medical School at the Hebrew University 165 00:09:55,160 --> 00:09:57,720 Speaker 1: in Jerusalem, and she was best known for her work 166 00:09:57,760 --> 00:10:02,360 Speaker 1: on the hemophilist influence type or HIV, which is a 167 00:10:02,400 --> 00:10:05,520 Speaker 1: bacterium that was one of the principal causes of meningitis 168 00:10:05,520 --> 00:10:09,319 Speaker 1: and pneumonia and responsible for over three million serious illnesses 169 00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:13,120 Speaker 1: and over three seventy five thousand deaths and children around 170 00:10:13,120 --> 00:10:15,560 Speaker 1: the world. She came to work as an instructor at 171 00:10:15,559 --> 00:10:18,520 Speaker 1: the Albert Einstein College of Medicine for the Department of 172 00:10:18,559 --> 00:10:22,200 Speaker 1: Pediatrics and the Laboratory of Immunology. There she met Dr 173 00:10:22,280 --> 00:10:24,880 Speaker 1: John B. Robbins, who would move on to the Division 174 00:10:24,880 --> 00:10:28,240 Speaker 1: of bacterial Products in nineteen seventy four and then came 175 00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:31,400 Speaker 1: background to the National Institute of Child Health Development or 176 00:10:31,520 --> 00:10:35,080 Speaker 1: the n i c h D in three and it 177 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:37,960 Speaker 1: was during this time Dr Schneerson and Dr Robbins were 178 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:41,040 Speaker 1: able to help create the vaccine the use of conjugates, 179 00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:44,000 Speaker 1: which helped make the vaccines safer and more effective for 180 00:10:44,120 --> 00:10:46,880 Speaker 1: younger children and as young as believed two months old, 181 00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:50,280 Speaker 1: and this process of conjugating would later be used to 182 00:10:50,320 --> 00:10:54,520 Speaker 1: help create other vaccines for diseases such as whooping cough, typhoid, 183 00:10:54,600 --> 00:10:57,960 Speaker 1: and certain types of malaria and even anthrax. And through 184 00:10:58,040 --> 00:11:01,920 Speaker 1: her work she has received many different awards such as 185 00:11:01,960 --> 00:11:05,080 Speaker 1: the Albert Laska Clinical Medical Research Award in ninety six, 186 00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:09,920 Speaker 1: the World Health Organization Children's Vaccine Initiative, Pastoral Award, Infectious 187 00:11:09,920 --> 00:11:13,120 Speaker 1: Disease Society of American Citation Award, and was also elected 188 00:11:13,160 --> 00:11:15,280 Speaker 1: to the n i c h D Hall of Honor, 189 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:17,560 Speaker 1: and she was eventually named as head of the Section 190 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:21,319 Speaker 1: of Actual Disease, Pathogensis and Immunity with Dr Robbins and 191 00:11:21,360 --> 00:11:26,720 Speaker 1: finally retired in two thousand twelve. Wow. Yeah, that's a 192 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:30,840 Speaker 1: lot of awards. They saved a lot of lives. And yeah, 193 00:11:30,920 --> 00:11:33,960 Speaker 1: by the way, the disease is fairly pretty much eradicated 194 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:38,080 Speaker 1: and has not been seen by the new medical field 195 00:11:38,080 --> 00:11:41,360 Speaker 1: that they have not seen it since then. Dan, Well, 196 00:11:41,400 --> 00:11:44,960 Speaker 1: we have some more women we want to highlight, but 197 00:11:45,040 --> 00:11:47,440 Speaker 1: first we have a quick break for work from responsor 198 00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:03,800 Speaker 1: and her back. Thank you sponsored Okay, so now let's 199 00:12:03,800 --> 00:12:08,760 Speaker 1: talk about Mary Gaynan. Her story is amazing I can't 200 00:12:08,760 --> 00:12:11,400 Speaker 1: believe I hadn't heard it before. So after earning her 201 00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:15,559 Speaker 1: PhD in physiology, graduating from John Hopkins University School of Medicine, 202 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:19,319 Speaker 1: and completing residency, Dr Gaynen began working at the Centers 203 00:12:19,480 --> 00:12:23,520 Speaker 1: for Disease Control of Prevention in nineteen seventy four, and 204 00:12:23,640 --> 00:12:26,960 Speaker 1: this is when only ten of medical graduates were women. 205 00:12:27,800 --> 00:12:30,760 Speaker 1: She started out in the Epidemic Intelligence Service or the 206 00:12:30,800 --> 00:12:34,079 Speaker 1: e i S, which is often described by her too 207 00:12:34,480 --> 00:12:38,960 Speaker 1: as the Medical FBI, where she studied global disease outbreaks. 208 00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:42,800 Speaker 1: She was the only woman of thirty nine physicians. Through this, 209 00:12:42,960 --> 00:12:46,600 Speaker 1: she helped out on a smallpox eradication campaign and for 210 00:12:46,760 --> 00:12:49,720 Speaker 1: her work, the World Health Organization awarded her the Noble 211 00:12:49,880 --> 00:12:53,920 Speaker 1: Order of the Bifurcated Needle in nineteen seventy six. What 212 00:12:54,280 --> 00:12:58,360 Speaker 1: a name, I tell you what the name. But all 213 00:12:58,400 --> 00:13:01,439 Speaker 1: of this was after her application into volunteer with India's 214 00:13:01,440 --> 00:13:05,560 Speaker 1: smallpox eradication program was denied twice. She was told it 215 00:13:05,600 --> 00:13:09,120 Speaker 1: was because the World Health Organization and India weren't really 216 00:13:09,160 --> 00:13:13,360 Speaker 1: looking for women to volunteer. Thank you, So, Guynan asked 217 00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:16,120 Speaker 1: if India's Prime Minister at the time, who was a woman, 218 00:13:16,559 --> 00:13:21,000 Speaker 1: knew about this, and and after that, after Guiden was like, 219 00:13:21,040 --> 00:13:22,800 Speaker 1: asked about that, and then she was like, let me 220 00:13:22,840 --> 00:13:29,679 Speaker 1: speak your manager. She was given a spot on the 221 00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:34,680 Speaker 1: Operations Smallpox zero team, and apparently an elephant became a 222 00:13:34,720 --> 00:13:38,360 Speaker 1: part of their effort for transport over flooded rivers. I 223 00:13:38,400 --> 00:13:40,480 Speaker 1: really wanted to go away in depth into this, and 224 00:13:40,480 --> 00:13:43,199 Speaker 1: I was like, Anny, we have to make this one episode. 225 00:13:43,720 --> 00:13:48,000 Speaker 1: At the time she started researching sexually transmitted diseases. She 226 00:13:48,040 --> 00:13:51,000 Speaker 1: went back to the CDC two years later in to 227 00:13:51,040 --> 00:13:55,319 Speaker 1: work in the Veneural Disease Control Division as a clinical investigator. 228 00:13:56,440 --> 00:13:58,559 Speaker 1: Through her work in this field, she became known as 229 00:13:58,600 --> 00:14:03,720 Speaker 1: a national expert on genital herpes, which happened somewhat accidentally. 230 00:14:04,320 --> 00:14:08,239 Speaker 1: The media is sometimes called her doctor Condom or Doctor Herpies. 231 00:14:09,080 --> 00:14:12,640 Speaker 1: She basically she appeared in an interview where the chiron 232 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:18,000 Speaker 1: below her was like std expert and she did not 233 00:14:18,120 --> 00:14:20,200 Speaker 1: know what was gonna say that, and then every other 234 00:14:20,240 --> 00:14:22,760 Speaker 1: news outlet contacted her. It was like, we need you 235 00:14:22,800 --> 00:14:25,360 Speaker 1: to come to talk about this. She was worried about 236 00:14:25,360 --> 00:14:29,760 Speaker 1: the reaction of her religious conservative mother when appearing on 237 00:14:29,800 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 1: TV to discuss sexually transmitted diseases. Apparently her mother never 238 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:38,360 Speaker 1: even said sex, but after watching her on Sixty Minutes, 239 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:46,160 Speaker 1: her mother allegedly said, congratulations, dear, your hair looked very nice. 240 00:14:46,840 --> 00:14:49,600 Speaker 1: Mother thing to do. Yes, I don't want to touch 241 00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:54,280 Speaker 1: on these other subjects, but your hair looks good. Won yeah. Yeah, 242 00:14:54,280 --> 00:14:56,440 Speaker 1: And guy didn't even turn down that appearance on sixty 243 00:14:56,480 --> 00:14:59,960 Speaker 1: Minutes because she was kind of frustrated with the media 244 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:02,200 Speaker 1: is coverage of STDs and s t I S and 245 00:15:02,280 --> 00:15:04,800 Speaker 1: also she was worried about her mother, but the CDC 246 00:15:05,080 --> 00:15:08,040 Speaker 1: like pressured her into doing it. And she once said 247 00:15:08,120 --> 00:15:10,520 Speaker 1: after reporter asked her if you could get AIDS from 248 00:15:10,520 --> 00:15:13,000 Speaker 1: a toilet seat, quote, the only way that I know 249 00:15:13,080 --> 00:15:14,920 Speaker 1: you can get AIDS as if you sit on it 250 00:15:14,960 --> 00:15:20,760 Speaker 1: before someone else gets up. Uh yeah, she goes full 251 00:15:20,800 --> 00:15:24,080 Speaker 1: of those kind of comments. Dr Gaynan attempted to draw 252 00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:27,000 Speaker 1: attention to the AIDS epidemic in the nineteen eighties, but 253 00:15:27,040 --> 00:15:29,240 Speaker 1: found that the media was reluctant to cover it since 254 00:15:29,320 --> 00:15:33,600 Speaker 1: early reports seemed to suggest it mainly impacted the homosexual community. She, 255 00:15:33,920 --> 00:15:36,520 Speaker 1: along with the CDC, work to raise support and awareness 256 00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:41,240 Speaker 1: around AIDS. Dr Gaynen set up the CDCs AIDS Task 257 00:15:41,320 --> 00:15:44,400 Speaker 1: Force because of her work She was promoted in four 258 00:15:44,440 --> 00:15:47,360 Speaker 1: to the CDC's Associate Director for the Division of Sexually 259 00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:51,640 Speaker 1: Transmitted Diseases, and she became the CDC's first female Chief 260 00:15:51,760 --> 00:15:57,560 Speaker 1: Scientific Advisor. From five, she acted as Chief of Evaluation 261 00:15:57,600 --> 00:16:01,360 Speaker 1: for the country's HIV prevention program. She's a founding dean 262 00:16:01,440 --> 00:16:04,800 Speaker 1: at the University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Public 263 00:16:04,840 --> 00:16:10,240 Speaker 1: Health and has done extensive research into childhood leukemia. Her 264 00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:12,640 Speaker 1: work with AIDS was the topic of the book and 265 00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:17,760 Speaker 1: later HBO documentary and the band played on. Apparently, she 266 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:20,600 Speaker 1: is only in one scene in the movie, where she 267 00:16:20,720 --> 00:16:24,360 Speaker 1: is baking a cake. Guinnan said of this, they didn't 268 00:16:24,400 --> 00:16:28,360 Speaker 1: know how to portray a woman scientist. In sten, she 269 00:16:28,440 --> 00:16:31,560 Speaker 1: published the book Adventures of a Female Medical Detective in 270 00:16:31,640 --> 00:16:36,880 Speaker 1: Pursuit of Smallpox and AIDS. That's a great title. I know, 271 00:16:37,800 --> 00:16:40,080 Speaker 1: I want to read it ready. Let's let's get it. 272 00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:43,240 Speaker 1: Maybe a book club, yes, think about how that would 273 00:16:43,280 --> 00:16:46,760 Speaker 1: translate to a book club. But and next we're going 274 00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:49,920 Speaker 1: to talk about Julie Linn Wong. Dr Wong not only 275 00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:52,360 Speaker 1: is a physician and public health specialist, but she is 276 00:16:52,400 --> 00:16:56,040 Speaker 1: an expert in robotics and space medicine. The Harvard and 277 00:16:56,160 --> 00:16:58,840 Speaker 1: educated doctor has made history by combining her knowledge of 278 00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:03,040 Speaker 1: robotics taken oology with modern medicine. In two thousand eleven, 279 00:17:03,160 --> 00:17:06,040 Speaker 1: Dr Wong founded the three D four m D with 280 00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:09,239 Speaker 1: the idea of using three D printers so empowered and 281 00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:13,080 Speaker 1: easily portable to print healthcare supplies in remote communities, and 282 00:17:13,119 --> 00:17:16,040 Speaker 1: by creating affordable three D templates, it would help create 283 00:17:16,080 --> 00:17:19,520 Speaker 1: low cost medical supplies on demand. And it's so small 284 00:17:19,520 --> 00:17:22,040 Speaker 1: it can fit into a carry on bag for easy 285 00:17:22,040 --> 00:17:24,560 Speaker 1: travel from global areas that are hard to get to 286 00:17:25,119 --> 00:17:31,240 Speaker 1: to even space. Dung right, and speaking of space, Dr 287 00:17:31,320 --> 00:17:34,080 Speaker 1: Wong was selected to participate in the thirty Days Simulated 288 00:17:34,200 --> 00:17:37,119 Speaker 1: Mission at NASA's Johnson Space Center in honor of the 289 00:17:37,200 --> 00:17:40,919 Speaker 1: thirty anniversary of the Space Shuttle challenger tragedy. Wong served 290 00:17:40,960 --> 00:17:45,320 Speaker 1: as the mission's flight engineer and then in astronauts actually 291 00:17:45,400 --> 00:17:48,840 Speaker 1: used a three D printer for medical supplies using her 292 00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:51,800 Speaker 1: blueprints from three D four m D, so they were 293 00:17:51,840 --> 00:17:54,639 Speaker 1: able to actually create like finger splinters and all of 294 00:17:54,640 --> 00:17:58,959 Speaker 1: that while in space, which what I know. And by 295 00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:02,199 Speaker 1: the way, my partner, who loves three D printers and 296 00:18:02,240 --> 00:18:05,320 Speaker 1: has three was very excited when I started talking about this, 297 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:10,760 Speaker 1: and she didn't stop there. She founded the Medical Makers, 298 00:18:10,760 --> 00:18:12,840 Speaker 1: which is a network to bring others to build and 299 00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:15,480 Speaker 1: use their skills and creativity to continue to fight for 300 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:19,360 Speaker 1: humanitarian issues and build sustainable solutions through technology all over 301 00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:21,760 Speaker 1: the world. I love this. I feel like that's another 302 00:18:21,760 --> 00:18:25,720 Speaker 1: great example of when you specialize in a thing, like, 303 00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:29,520 Speaker 1: don't limit yourself to that one field, right, it can 304 00:18:29,520 --> 00:18:32,840 Speaker 1: work in different spaces. And also she seems to be 305 00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:35,880 Speaker 1: the overachiever that I'm scared of that. I'm like, oh 306 00:18:35,960 --> 00:18:38,400 Speaker 1: my god, You're the one everybody talks about that can 307 00:18:38,440 --> 00:18:46,119 Speaker 1: do everything. Don't be scared. Don't be scared. We do 308 00:18:46,280 --> 00:18:48,280 Speaker 1: have a few more women we want a spotlight, but 309 00:18:48,320 --> 00:18:50,640 Speaker 1: first we have one more break for word from a sponsor, 310 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:07,440 Speaker 1: Avery Back. Thank you sponsored. And early on the episode 311 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:10,679 Speaker 1: we talked about the amazing works Dr Corbett did that 312 00:19:10,720 --> 00:19:14,040 Speaker 1: helped develop Maderna, but we also wanted to look at 313 00:19:14,040 --> 00:19:17,560 Speaker 1: the biologists that laid down the groundwork to help develop 314 00:19:17,640 --> 00:19:20,880 Speaker 1: that as well as the Fiser bio intech vaccine, which 315 00:19:20,920 --> 00:19:24,480 Speaker 1: is Dr Katie Corrico and Dr Carrico originally came from 316 00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:27,239 Speaker 1: Hungary moved to the US in her early twenties, and 317 00:19:27,280 --> 00:19:30,520 Speaker 1: though she's now being recognized for her titles work, she 318 00:19:30,680 --> 00:19:33,439 Speaker 1: was barely making it through in the world of academia 319 00:19:33,520 --> 00:19:36,639 Speaker 1: until recently, and like many in the field, she had 320 00:19:36,720 --> 00:19:40,240 Speaker 1: difficulty in getting both funding or even being properly compensated 321 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:43,160 Speaker 1: for her work. As a colleague stated quote, when your 322 00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:46,119 Speaker 1: idea is against the conventional wisdom, that makes sense to 323 00:19:46,160 --> 00:19:48,879 Speaker 1: the star chamber, but it's very hard to break out. 324 00:19:49,520 --> 00:19:52,440 Speaker 1: But today she's being recognized for her breakout studies in 325 00:19:52,840 --> 00:19:56,080 Speaker 1: m r n A, which is the quote genetic script 326 00:19:56,160 --> 00:20:00,359 Speaker 1: that carries the DNA instructions to each sales protein making chenery. 327 00:20:00,640 --> 00:20:02,960 Speaker 1: Just to give an explanation, um and things to her 328 00:20:02,960 --> 00:20:05,359 Speaker 1: continued work with m r n A, she has helped 329 00:20:05,400 --> 00:20:08,639 Speaker 1: create a path through these different vaccines, and Dr Vacchy 330 00:20:08,720 --> 00:20:12,040 Speaker 1: stated quote, it is already transforming COVID nineteen, but also 331 00:20:12,160 --> 00:20:17,160 Speaker 1: other vaccines HIV, and people in the field are excited influenza, malaria, 332 00:20:17,320 --> 00:20:19,240 Speaker 1: and he's talking about how it's going to help create 333 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:23,120 Speaker 1: vaccines for these different things. And Dr Kurico never held back. 334 00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:25,960 Speaker 1: She was known for her intensity and dedication and working 335 00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:29,119 Speaker 1: on her research. Her husband talked about how she was 336 00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:32,120 Speaker 1: constantly working, whether it was night and day or even 337 00:20:32,160 --> 00:20:34,560 Speaker 1: the weekend, and he actually broke down her pay as 338 00:20:34,600 --> 00:20:37,439 Speaker 1: being less than a dollar an hour for all the 339 00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:40,159 Speaker 1: time she has been on it, But apparently she just 340 00:20:40,200 --> 00:20:42,200 Speaker 1: didn't care about the money, it was about her work. 341 00:20:42,520 --> 00:20:45,080 Speaker 1: She earned her PhD at the University of Sega, then 342 00:20:45,119 --> 00:20:48,480 Speaker 1: moved to Philadelphia in n to continue her research at 343 00:20:48,480 --> 00:20:52,320 Speaker 1: Temple University, and she did continue throughout her career, though 344 00:20:52,359 --> 00:20:55,800 Speaker 1: she would be rejected and continually overlooked. She worked with 345 00:20:55,840 --> 00:20:58,840 Speaker 1: different colleagues and different avenues until finally she and Dr 346 00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:01,240 Speaker 1: Wiseman were able to show progress in their work and 347 00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:03,600 Speaker 1: we're able to get grants from both Madonna and bio 348 00:21:03,680 --> 00:21:06,760 Speaker 1: in Tech, And on November eight the testing show that 349 00:21:07,280 --> 00:21:09,879 Speaker 1: the m r n A that she's been studying actually 350 00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:13,200 Speaker 1: offered powerful immunity to COVID nineteen, and she and Dr 351 00:21:13,280 --> 00:21:16,800 Speaker 1: Weisman were able to get their vaccine publicly during a 352 00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:22,240 Speaker 1: press conference on December eighteen, and she was applauded as 353 00:21:22,240 --> 00:21:24,760 Speaker 1: well as he was by their peers when they made 354 00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:27,119 Speaker 1: the announced but hey, the people who helped create this 355 00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:29,320 Speaker 1: vaccine is here, so they were given a round of 356 00:21:29,359 --> 00:21:33,480 Speaker 1: applause by their coworkers, and she apparently celebrated with just 357 00:21:33,520 --> 00:21:35,840 Speaker 1: the box of googers, which she ate all by herself. 358 00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:38,920 Speaker 1: Not really sure why that was the way they put it. 359 00:21:39,200 --> 00:21:42,240 Speaker 1: I guess maybe she wasn't able to and she told 360 00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:45,359 Speaker 1: her husband that it worked, and her responses I thought, so, 361 00:21:46,280 --> 00:21:48,359 Speaker 1: I thought that was really fun because it just seemed 362 00:21:48,359 --> 00:21:50,920 Speaker 1: like she had been working so hard, to the point 363 00:21:50,920 --> 00:21:54,520 Speaker 1: that she had changed hands essentially of who was working 364 00:21:54,560 --> 00:21:57,440 Speaker 1: with her and her advisors, and she never stopped even 365 00:21:57,440 --> 00:22:00,440 Speaker 1: people were like this is not working, we don't care. Yeah, 366 00:22:00,800 --> 00:22:03,080 Speaker 1: she believed in it. Yeah, and because of heart, we 367 00:22:03,080 --> 00:22:07,280 Speaker 1: were able to get a vaccine so quickly. Yeah. And 368 00:22:07,359 --> 00:22:10,720 Speaker 1: I think because there's been some publicity obviously about people 369 00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:12,760 Speaker 1: who have been working on the vaccine, and so stories 370 00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:15,960 Speaker 1: about her have come out recently, and I feel like 371 00:22:16,240 --> 00:22:21,000 Speaker 1: she really wants an HIV vaccine, Like that's what right 372 00:22:21,359 --> 00:22:24,400 Speaker 1: driving her. Apparently during one of her conversations with one 373 00:22:24,440 --> 00:22:27,240 Speaker 1: of her staff members that she was working with, said 374 00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:30,320 Speaker 1: can you get a vaccine for Chip? She's like, yeah, 375 00:22:30,480 --> 00:22:32,400 Speaker 1: I can do that, and she has and I think 376 00:22:32,440 --> 00:22:35,560 Speaker 1: she continued to work for that. So that's amazing. Yeah, 377 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:41,760 Speaker 1: very determined. So now let's end with Dr Francoise Barre Saci, 378 00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:45,200 Speaker 1: who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 379 00:22:45,280 --> 00:22:49,359 Speaker 1: ten quote for their discovery of human immuno deficiency varus. 380 00:22:49,880 --> 00:22:54,080 Speaker 1: Born in Paris, France, in nine, Dr Barret Sinacia loved 381 00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:56,600 Speaker 1: nature from a young age, and in her words, her 382 00:22:56,640 --> 00:22:59,520 Speaker 1: path was determined to largely by what her and her 383 00:22:59,560 --> 00:23:04,120 Speaker 1: family could afford. She started volunteering at Paris's Institute Pasteur 384 00:23:04,640 --> 00:23:08,240 Speaker 1: and by nineteen seventy five she had earned her pH d. 385 00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:14,000 Speaker 1: In nineteen three, she along with Luke Montaigner, discovered the 386 00:23:14,040 --> 00:23:19,439 Speaker 1: retrovirus that would later be called human immuno deficiency virus 387 00:23:19,560 --> 00:23:22,280 Speaker 1: or HIV, which was proven to be the cause for 388 00:23:22,440 --> 00:23:25,399 Speaker 1: AIDS that year. She was the first author on the 389 00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:28,800 Speaker 1: paper that reported on this discovery. She had been researching 390 00:23:28,840 --> 00:23:33,840 Speaker 1: retroviruses since the nineteen seventies. She headed up her own 391 00:23:33,920 --> 00:23:37,480 Speaker 1: lab at the Institute Pasteur in where she launched several 392 00:23:37,480 --> 00:23:42,919 Speaker 1: programs looking into HIV AIDS, including vaccine research. She is 393 00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:46,560 Speaker 1: in charge of the regulation of a retroviral infection unit 394 00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:50,880 Speaker 1: at the Institute Pasteur in Paris, where she's also emeritus professor. 395 00:23:51,359 --> 00:23:53,520 Speaker 1: She was elected to the French Academy of Science in 396 00:23:53,560 --> 00:23:57,240 Speaker 1: two thousand nine, and from fourteen she became President of 397 00:23:57,240 --> 00:24:01,000 Speaker 1: the International Aid Society. She's been prolific when it comes 398 00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:03,680 Speaker 1: to papers as well, offering or co authoring over two 399 00:24:03,720 --> 00:24:07,360 Speaker 1: hundred and seventy original publications and lots lots lots more. 400 00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:10,680 Speaker 1: Her discovery and part led to the development of life 401 00:24:10,680 --> 00:24:14,200 Speaker 1: saving drugs that saved millions of lives. However, more than 402 00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:17,159 Speaker 1: thirty eight million around the world live with HIV and 403 00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:19,640 Speaker 1: not all of them can get treatment. So Dr barre 404 00:24:19,880 --> 00:24:23,160 Speaker 1: sees work continues as well, which I think I feel 405 00:24:23,160 --> 00:24:25,400 Speaker 1: like we see in all of these women this dedication 406 00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:30,720 Speaker 1: and determination And just to say, I know that we 407 00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:33,240 Speaker 1: did not always put the doctor before their name, but 408 00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:38,720 Speaker 1: it's their respect, is their respect. Honestly, this is amazing stuff. 409 00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:41,640 Speaker 1: We're talking about the amount of achievement that they've done, 410 00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:43,800 Speaker 1: the amount of work and blood, sweat and tears I 411 00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:48,240 Speaker 1: can't imagine they've had to do, and even to fight 412 00:24:48,280 --> 00:24:50,879 Speaker 1: to be there and to be hard. And then the 413 00:24:50,920 --> 00:24:53,800 Speaker 1: fact that they had to work to be taken seriously 414 00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:58,359 Speaker 1: and continue have to work to be seen even is 415 00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:02,359 Speaker 1: a whole other conversation. Yeah, the level of impact they've 416 00:25:02,359 --> 00:25:07,760 Speaker 1: had on our everyday lives, often unnoticed or unspoken about. 417 00:25:08,080 --> 00:25:11,919 Speaker 1: Is really it's amazing the work that they've done. We 418 00:25:11,960 --> 00:25:14,879 Speaker 1: could definitely go further in depth. Let us know about 419 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:18,160 Speaker 1: something you want, and we know there's so many more 420 00:25:18,240 --> 00:25:21,640 Speaker 1: stories we could talk about, so if you have any suggestions, 421 00:25:21,680 --> 00:25:27,920 Speaker 1: as always, please send them all away. Yes, you can 422 00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:30,240 Speaker 1: email us at Stuff Media, mom Stuff at i heeart 423 00:25:30,280 --> 00:25:32,239 Speaker 1: media dot com. You can find us on Twitter at 424 00:25:32,240 --> 00:25:34,640 Speaker 1: mom Stuff podcast or on Instagram at stuff I Never 425 00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:38,159 Speaker 1: Told You. Thanks as always to our super producer, Christina Heyo, 426 00:25:38,359 --> 00:25:41,600 Speaker 1: thank you, thank you, and thanks to you for listening 427 00:25:41,880 --> 00:25:43,800 Speaker 1: Stuff I Never Told You. Protection of I Heart Radio. 428 00:25:43,840 --> 00:25:45,960 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from iHeart Radio, visit the I Heart 429 00:25:46,000 --> 00:25:49,000 Speaker 1: Radio app Apple podcast already listen to your favorite shows