WEBVTT - S3 – 6: Mismatch 0:00:01.120 --> 0:00:04.320 Welcomed unobscured, a production of I Heart Radio and Aaron Minky. 0:00:08.600 --> 0:00:12.240 Mrs Mortimer heard steps pass by in the street. That 0:00:12.400 --> 0:00:15.920 was nothing unusual, though in fact she recognized these steps. 0:00:16.120 --> 0:00:19.000 They were the heavy, measured tread of a constable passing 0:00:19.000 --> 0:00:22.280 the house as he always did, walking his beat. Or 0:00:22.280 --> 0:00:24.639 so she thought. It's hard to tell from just the 0:00:24.640 --> 0:00:28.520 sound of footsteps slapping on wet cobble stones, but it 0:00:28.600 --> 0:00:31.280 was a familiar sound to Missus Mortimer, and it brought 0:00:31.280 --> 0:00:33.720 her to her front door. She stood there for a 0:00:33.720 --> 0:00:35.960 while and took in the night air for what she 0:00:36.040 --> 0:00:38.839 guessed was a half hour. The night was damp and 0:00:38.920 --> 0:00:41.800 the stones and walls around her were wet. And then 0:00:42.159 --> 0:00:45.160 someone else came walking by, and she watched him pass. 0:00:46.600 --> 0:00:49.400 There were a few things she noticed about the man. First, 0:00:49.440 --> 0:00:52.680 he was carrying a shiny black bag. Second, he was 0:00:52.720 --> 0:00:55.680 moving quickly, and as he moved along the street, Missus 0:00:55.760 --> 0:00:58.600 Mortimer noticed that he glanced at the Jewish socialist club 0:00:58.640 --> 0:01:01.480 that stood four doors down from her home on Burner Street, 0:01:01.480 --> 0:01:04.440 the club at Dutfield Yard. It was nearly one in 0:01:04.480 --> 0:01:08.200 the morning, so Mrs Mortimer went back inside and prepared 0:01:08.240 --> 0:01:10.600 for bed. That would have been when the steward of 0:01:10.600 --> 0:01:13.360 the Socialist Club rattled by in his cart pulled by 0:01:13.400 --> 0:01:15.720 a donkey. He was on his way back to the club, 0:01:15.800 --> 0:01:17.800 and he tugged the reins to turn the cart through 0:01:17.800 --> 0:01:20.120 the gates and into the yard, and that's when his 0:01:20.200 --> 0:01:23.560 donkey bucked and shied away. He was trying to get 0:01:23.600 --> 0:01:26.240 the animal to turn into Dutfield Yard so he could 0:01:26.319 --> 0:01:29.160 unload his belongings from the market, but something was on 0:01:29.200 --> 0:01:32.400 the ground in the shadows, blocking the way. He couldn't 0:01:32.400 --> 0:01:34.560 see what it was, so he climbed down and got 0:01:34.560 --> 0:01:37.200 a closer look. He pulled a box of matches from 0:01:37.240 --> 0:01:40.240 his pocket and struck a light. In the flickering flame, 0:01:40.280 --> 0:01:42.319 he could see the shape was the body of a woman, 0:01:43.080 --> 0:01:47.319 Liz Stride. Israel Schwartz had fled the scene just minutes before. 0:01:48.720 --> 0:01:51.240 He rushed into the club, where people were still dancing 0:01:51.240 --> 0:01:53.880 and drinking together and where his wife was chatting with 0:01:53.880 --> 0:01:55.960 the guests. When a few of them came out to 0:01:56.000 --> 0:01:57.880 help the steward check on the woman, they found that 0:01:57.920 --> 0:02:01.080 she was dead. A long cut cross Liz Stride's throats 0:02:01.160 --> 0:02:03.160 under the scarf that had been frayed by the edge 0:02:03.160 --> 0:02:05.880 of the knife that killed her. The resulting commotion brought 0:02:05.960 --> 0:02:09.280 Mrs Mortimer out of her house and others too, even 0:02:09.360 --> 0:02:12.240 in the early morning hours. The steward then went for 0:02:12.320 --> 0:02:16.400 the police. When constables arrived, they shut the gate and 0:02:16.440 --> 0:02:19.440 locked down the club. Clothes hands and the rooms in 0:02:19.480 --> 0:02:22.160 the club were examined for blood. The toilets in the 0:02:22.240 --> 0:02:25.959 yard were checked. The neighboring contages too, along with the neighbors. 0:02:26.360 --> 0:02:29.200 White Chapels Inspector Reid was back from his holiday and 0:02:29.280 --> 0:02:32.840 he was on the scene soon after. There was nothing 0:02:33.080 --> 0:02:35.760 ordinary about the horrible murder that was coming to light 0:02:35.880 --> 0:02:38.760 under the Steward's match, but by now all of London 0:02:38.880 --> 0:02:41.880 knew the pattern. Soon enough, Liz Stride would be added 0:02:41.880 --> 0:02:44.480 to the list of names women who had been killed 0:02:44.520 --> 0:02:46.720 in the dark hours of the night, Taken to the 0:02:46.720 --> 0:02:50.160 White Chapel mortuary, examined by a police surgeon, with an 0:02:50.200 --> 0:02:53.920 inquest carried out by Wind Baxter. The first doctor to 0:02:54.040 --> 0:02:56.880 examine the body arrived on the scene at one a m. 0:02:57.360 --> 0:02:59.799 He was followed ten minutes later by Dr Phillips, the 0:03:00.080 --> 0:03:03.040 Urgin who had observed Annie Chapman's body on Hanbury Street. 0:03:03.560 --> 0:03:06.639 His influence had already been felt in the investigation when 0:03:06.680 --> 0:03:09.240 he suggested to Win Baxter that the killer could be 0:03:09.280 --> 0:03:13.560 a surgeon or maybe a butcher. Dr Phillips had come 0:03:13.600 --> 0:03:16.400 to his conclusion because of the massive wounds to Annie Chapman. 0:03:16.760 --> 0:03:19.280 But there was only one cut for doctors to examine 0:03:19.280 --> 0:03:22.600 on Liz Stride, the one that crossed her neck. There 0:03:22.680 --> 0:03:25.440 was no doubt it was a vicious murder. But this 0:03:25.520 --> 0:03:29.480 challenge the speculations Dr Phillips had put forward before. If 0:03:29.520 --> 0:03:32.519 the killer was attempting to collect organs from the women 0:03:32.560 --> 0:03:35.520 he murdered, and Stride was killed by the same hand, 0:03:35.960 --> 0:03:39.080 why hadn't the murderer done the same to her? But 0:03:39.120 --> 0:03:41.920 if that struck the Burner Street neighborhood or the police 0:03:42.000 --> 0:03:45.080 as unusual, it would hardly be the most startling thing 0:03:45.160 --> 0:03:52.000 to happen that night, because on September the murderer would 0:03:52.040 --> 0:04:21.479 kill twice. This is unobscured. I'm Aaron Manky. There were 0:04:21.520 --> 0:04:25.040 more witnesses. The rain falling on Aldgates had kept the 0:04:25.080 --> 0:04:27.640 three men inside the Imperial Club late into the night. 0:04:28.200 --> 0:04:30.839 It was a Jewish club open just the year before 0:04:30.920 --> 0:04:33.560 to provide a space to meet and talk. Across the 0:04:33.560 --> 0:04:36.760 street was the Great Synagogue, which made sense. They were 0:04:36.800 --> 0:04:40.240 on the inner edge of East London's Jewish neighborhoods. On 0:04:40.320 --> 0:04:43.160 the twenty nine September. The Imperial Club had among its 0:04:43.200 --> 0:04:46.200 visitors a White Chapel furniture dealer, a butcher who lived 0:04:46.200 --> 0:04:49.240 in the neighborhood, and Joseph Lavenda, who worked as a 0:04:49.279 --> 0:04:53.000 traveling cigarette salesman. When they finally stepped out into the rain, 0:04:53.200 --> 0:04:55.680 Joseph looked at the club clock and chucked it against 0:04:55.760 --> 0:04:58.400 his watch. It was even later than he thought, just 0:04:58.600 --> 0:05:01.760 after one thirty in the morning. By now, Joseph was 0:05:01.800 --> 0:05:04.400 a few steps behind the others, so he wasn't wrapped 0:05:04.480 --> 0:05:06.839 up in conversation, and that meant that he had his 0:05:06.880 --> 0:05:10.480 eyes open. As they stepped into the drizzle, Joseph looked 0:05:10.480 --> 0:05:13.679 at the synagogue across the street, and he noticed something. 0:05:14.720 --> 0:05:17.000 As they passed by the synagogue, his eyes moved to 0:05:17.040 --> 0:05:20.159 the narrow passage running towards Miter Street. That's where a 0:05:20.200 --> 0:05:23.120 couple stood talking together, a man and a woman. The 0:05:23.160 --> 0:05:25.240 woman had her back to him, but even in the 0:05:25.279 --> 0:05:27.800 dim light, he said, he noticed her clothes, a black 0:05:27.880 --> 0:05:30.600 jacket and a black bonnet. Her hand was on the 0:05:30.680 --> 0:05:33.840 chest of the man she was talking to. If there 0:05:33.880 --> 0:05:36.919 was restraint in the woman's dress, the man's clothing sounded 0:05:37.000 --> 0:05:39.920 much more like something wind Baxter might wear, a loose 0:05:40.000 --> 0:05:43.200 salt and pepper jacket, a red neckerchief, and a gray 0:05:43.200 --> 0:05:45.560 cloth cap with a peak. To the eyes of the 0:05:45.600 --> 0:05:49.600 traveling salesman, he had the appearance of a sailor, of course, 0:05:49.680 --> 0:05:52.360 a sailor talking with a woman in a dark passage. 0:05:52.680 --> 0:05:55.880 That was nothing unusual for a London night, and they 0:05:55.880 --> 0:05:57.680 all thought they knew what a couple like that was 0:05:57.760 --> 0:06:00.680 up to. The butcher made a disgruntled mark about the 0:06:00.680 --> 0:06:04.279 prostitutes in the city, and they all moved on. As 0:06:04.320 --> 0:06:07.039 they walked, Joseph and the others probably passed by a 0:06:07.080 --> 0:06:10.520 policeman at some point, because every few minutes a constable's 0:06:10.520 --> 0:06:13.520 patrol route took him through Miters Square behind the synagogue, 0:06:13.800 --> 0:06:16.560 and that was no accident. An order had gone out 0:06:16.560 --> 0:06:18.920 for more constables to be in the streets every night. 0:06:19.200 --> 0:06:22.919 There were special instructions that patrolman should keep close observation 0:06:23.040 --> 0:06:25.960 on any women they thought were prostitutes. They should watch 0:06:26.000 --> 0:06:28.760 them going in and out of pubs, they should watch 0:06:28.800 --> 0:06:31.520 them walking in the streets. In fact, it wasn't just 0:06:31.600 --> 0:06:34.400 the White Chapel Vigilance Committee that was bringing more watchful 0:06:34.440 --> 0:06:37.520 eyes to the alleys and passages. The police also sent 0:06:37.680 --> 0:06:40.839 extra men in playing clothes to surveil the neighborhoods where 0:06:40.880 --> 0:06:44.159 the killings took place, not just in Whitechapel, but closer 0:06:44.200 --> 0:06:47.240 to the city center as well, in places like Aldgates, 0:06:47.640 --> 0:06:51.760 in places like Miter Square. The three men walked on, 0:06:52.080 --> 0:06:54.720 and maybe Joseph would have forgotten that quick glance at 0:06:54.720 --> 0:06:57.479 the couple of people in the passage next to the synagogue, 0:06:57.920 --> 0:07:00.680 except for what happened next in Miter Square, when the 0:07:00.760 --> 0:07:04.320 officer patrolling that night, a man named Edward Watkins, would 0:07:04.360 --> 0:07:09.600 write his name into history. Most of watkins beat was unremarkable. 0:07:09.920 --> 0:07:13.640 In the words of his later account, nothing excited my attention. 0:07:14.160 --> 0:07:16.680 His circuit took him about fifteen minutes to walk, and 0:07:16.720 --> 0:07:18.800 he had been at it for three and a half hours. 0:07:19.120 --> 0:07:21.640 The lantern on his belt was on, and the swinging 0:07:21.760 --> 0:07:24.880 light illuminated the various passages that he peeked into as 0:07:24.880 --> 0:07:28.040 he went by. At one thirty in the morning, he 0:07:28.120 --> 0:07:31.480 came through Miters Square and saw no one, and no one, 0:07:31.560 --> 0:07:34.760 he emphasized, could have been in the square without him noticing. 0:07:34.960 --> 0:07:38.160 Four large warehouses loomed over the wide space, and it 0:07:38.240 --> 0:07:40.840 was lit by three lamps. There was really only one 0:07:41.000 --> 0:07:44.240 dark corner. Just fifteen minutes later, as he walked through 0:07:44.280 --> 0:07:47.480 the square again, Constable Watkins did what he had done before. 0:07:47.880 --> 0:07:50.280 He passed his light over the one dark corner in 0:07:50.320 --> 0:07:53.200 the square, the back of a framing shop, where during 0:07:53.200 --> 0:07:56.000 the day the sound of work constructing picture frames would 0:07:56.000 --> 0:07:59.320 have reached the street behind. In the stillness of the night, though, 0:07:59.400 --> 0:08:02.880 Watkins flashed his light across the building's coal shoot, lifting 0:08:02.920 --> 0:08:05.560 the darkness there, and he saw the crumpled shape of 0:08:05.560 --> 0:08:08.240 a woman on the ground, her feet stretched out towards 0:08:08.240 --> 0:08:11.800 the square. As he stepped forward, his light revealed her 0:08:11.800 --> 0:08:14.960 whole body. Her clothes were pushed above her waist, and 0:08:15.000 --> 0:08:17.600 she was lying in a pool of blood. The killer 0:08:17.640 --> 0:08:20.960 had mutilated her body even more than any chapman's. What 0:08:21.120 --> 0:08:25.240 he saw was horrible. Cuts crossed the woman's face as 0:08:25.280 --> 0:08:27.880 well as her abdomen. The shape of an upside down 0:08:27.960 --> 0:08:31.240 V was carved into each cheek, and slices crossed her 0:08:31.280 --> 0:08:34.120 lower eyelids. Her nose had been cut off, and her 0:08:34.160 --> 0:08:37.880 intestines had been pulled out and draped around her. Joseph 0:08:37.960 --> 0:08:41.880 Lavenda had passed by just a few minutes before. Now, somehow, 0:08:41.960 --> 0:08:45.160 in such a short span of time, Katherine Eddoes was dead, 0:08:45.480 --> 0:08:49.000 her body cut to pieces, and Constable Watkins was running 0:08:49.040 --> 0:08:54.679 for help. Here's Paul Beg. Two of the men walking 0:08:54.760 --> 0:08:58.920 past would later identify the woman by her clothing as 0:08:59.040 --> 0:09:04.280 Katherine Eddoes, and one of those men was the man 0:09:04.280 --> 0:09:08.520 that I mentioned earlier, Joseph Lavender. But it is equally 0:09:08.960 --> 0:09:13.439 likely that the woman was not Katherine Eddoes, or even 0:09:13.480 --> 0:09:16.720 if it was Edos, that the man had just been 0:09:16.720 --> 0:09:19.920 accosted by her when the three men walked by, and 0:09:20.040 --> 0:09:24.600 had disengaged himself and walked on, leaving Edos to meet 0:09:24.679 --> 0:09:27.880 Jack Arrippa. So again, as with all of these cases, 0:09:27.920 --> 0:09:31.480 there are lots of variable So they did see a woman, 0:09:31.800 --> 0:09:35.280 they did recognize her and identify her by a fairly 0:09:35.320 --> 0:09:39.520 distinctive clothing as being Edos, So they probably did see 0:09:39.720 --> 0:09:45.959 Eddos with somebody. But there was a small margin of 0:09:46.120 --> 0:09:49.360 time during which the man that they saw could have 0:09:49.559 --> 0:09:53.479 left her, and if she had wandered into the shadows 0:09:54.080 --> 0:09:57.960 of Leiter Square, then she might well have encounter Jack 0:09:58.000 --> 0:10:00.760 the ripper lurking there, listening to the thing that had 0:10:00.880 --> 0:10:03.800 gone home. Whether or not the man in the peaked 0:10:03.840 --> 0:10:06.600 cap spotted by Joseph Lavenda was the man who killed 0:10:06.679 --> 0:10:09.160 Katherine Edtos, there was no doubt about the case in 0:10:09.200 --> 0:10:12.720 the minds of the police. The Whitechapel murderer had killed again, 0:10:13.160 --> 0:10:17.400 this time much closer to the city center. Constables and 0:10:17.480 --> 0:10:20.440 inspectors gathered with a surgeon around the body once more, 0:10:20.720 --> 0:10:24.120 and once again the police officers fanned out throughout the streets, 0:10:24.280 --> 0:10:26.920 looking for any sign of a killer fleeing the scene, 0:10:26.960 --> 0:10:30.440 anything they could follow in killing after killing, so far, 0:10:30.880 --> 0:10:34.400 this had given them nothing. When Martha Tabram had been 0:10:34.480 --> 0:10:37.079 killed in George Yard, nothing was found in the neighborhood 0:10:37.080 --> 0:10:39.439 around her that would help the police identify the killer. 0:10:39.880 --> 0:10:42.840 When Polly Nichols was killed on Buck's Row, the sweep 0:10:42.920 --> 0:10:45.760 led to the discovery of her identity, but nothing else. 0:10:46.160 --> 0:10:49.240 And when Annie Chapman was killed behind twenty nine Hanbury Street, 0:10:49.280 --> 0:10:51.800 the discovery of the leather apron in the yard beside 0:10:51.800 --> 0:10:55.960 her gave fodder for racist speculation, but little more. And 0:10:56.000 --> 0:10:59.040 even as Katherine Edto's body was found in Minor Square, 0:10:59.320 --> 0:11:02.520 police were still searching for clues around Duttfield Yard, where 0:11:02.520 --> 0:11:05.520 Liz Stride had been killed just an hour before. They 0:11:05.559 --> 0:11:07.800 also found nothing to put them on the trail of 0:11:07.800 --> 0:11:10.679 the murderer. Things would be different in the case of 0:11:10.760 --> 0:11:13.840 Katherine Edtos, though, because when police fanned out from the 0:11:13.840 --> 0:11:16.439 place where her body lay, some of them went back 0:11:16.480 --> 0:11:20.160 toward Whitechapel. Previous searches around the body of the victims 0:11:20.240 --> 0:11:23.520 had come up empty handed. This time what they found 0:11:24.040 --> 0:11:27.120 would become the very center of the hunt for the killer. 0:11:35.800 --> 0:11:39.240 For years, Katherine Edtos had been a storyteller, or at 0:11:39.320 --> 0:11:42.000 least she had been in the storytelling trade, because for 0:11:42.040 --> 0:11:44.640 a long time she had traveled with her partner Thomas, 0:11:44.640 --> 0:11:47.960 selling pamphlets town to town and pub to pub. Not 0:11:48.080 --> 0:11:51.080 that her life started out that way though. She was 0:11:51.120 --> 0:11:54.280 born to a cook and tinplate worker in Wolverhampton, just 0:11:54.360 --> 0:11:57.640 a few miles northwest of Birmingham, and Catherine was part 0:11:57.679 --> 0:11:59.960 of a large family. When I say large, I mean 0:12:00.200 --> 0:12:03.160 she had eleven siblings. But Catherine was never one to 0:12:03.240 --> 0:12:06.440 stay in one place for long, often because tragedy pushed 0:12:06.440 --> 0:12:08.920 her on. As a child, she moved with her large 0:12:08.960 --> 0:12:11.680 family to London, but both of her parents died while 0:12:11.720 --> 0:12:14.400 she was just a teenager, and that event split up 0:12:14.440 --> 0:12:17.480 the children. Some went to the workhouses, some went to 0:12:17.559 --> 0:12:20.280 an industrial school where they would be raised and trained 0:12:20.280 --> 0:12:23.920 for more work. Katherine's relatives back in Wolverhampton brought her 0:12:23.960 --> 0:12:25.760 home and helped her find a job at the tin 0:12:25.800 --> 0:12:30.480 works There, work, it seems, was eternal, but the arrangement 0:12:30.520 --> 0:12:33.760 was temporary. Caught stealing, Katherine was on the road again, 0:12:34.040 --> 0:12:36.640 this time to Birmingham to live with an uncle. In 0:12:36.760 --> 0:12:39.120 his younger days, he had been a boxer, but now 0:12:39.160 --> 0:12:42.760 set himself to making boots and shoes. Katherine found work 0:12:42.800 --> 0:12:45.640 as a metal polisher, but she had better things in mind. 0:12:45.960 --> 0:12:48.400 She had stories to live out, and so she fell 0:12:48.440 --> 0:12:53.120 in with a dashing man named Thomas Conway. Thomas was Irish, 0:12:53.440 --> 0:12:55.800 and like many other young irishmen, he had joined the 0:12:55.800 --> 0:12:58.760 British Army. For two years. He had served to uphold 0:12:58.760 --> 0:13:01.800 the Imperial order in India across the places that the 0:13:01.800 --> 0:13:06.200 Imperial administrators called Bombay and Madras now Mumbai and Schennai. 0:13:06.640 --> 0:13:09.960 But like Catherine polishing metal trays, Thomas's heart wasn't in 0:13:10.000 --> 0:13:12.160 the work. In fact, he was sent back to England 0:13:12.200 --> 0:13:15.320 with a diagnosis of heart disease. In eighteen sixty one, 0:13:15.320 --> 0:13:17.440 he was discharged from the army at the age of 0:13:17.480 --> 0:13:22.160 just twenty four. When Catherine's aunt found her romantically involved 0:13:22.200 --> 0:13:24.920 with the young irishman on an army pension who made 0:13:25.000 --> 0:13:27.600 his money selling chat books and penny ballads at the 0:13:27.640 --> 0:13:31.520 local pubs, well she turned Catherine out. Soon Thomas and 0:13:31.600 --> 0:13:34.680 Catherine were back in Birmingham and they were in business together, 0:13:35.400 --> 0:13:38.840 the story business, and to keep their business afloat, they 0:13:38.840 --> 0:13:42.280 turned to true crime and true punishment. They sold copy 0:13:42.360 --> 0:13:46.400 after copy of wild, gruesome and shocking stories. Not least 0:13:46.440 --> 0:13:49.400 among them were the pamphlets about the execution of criminals. 0:13:50.320 --> 0:13:52.720 In fact, that chat books telling the stories of hangings 0:13:52.720 --> 0:13:56.080 and other criminal executions were popular, whether you were someone 0:13:56.120 --> 0:13:58.680 who couldn't make it to the gallows on hanging day 0:13:58.800 --> 0:14:01.560 or if you did witness the and wanted to keepsake. 0:14:01.880 --> 0:14:05.120 And that was true going back quite a ways. By 0:14:05.120 --> 0:14:07.680 the end of the seventeen hundreds, every town had printers 0:14:07.720 --> 0:14:11.080 that were turning out pamphlets with stories, ballads and gruesome 0:14:11.120 --> 0:14:15.160 illustrations of corpses hanging on the gallows. One pamphlet telling 0:14:15.160 --> 0:14:17.760 the story of a shocking murder was printed in London's 0:14:17.880 --> 0:14:21.960 Seven Dials to the tune of half a million copies. Today, 0:14:22.000 --> 0:14:24.400 we know that printing and binding chap books was often 0:14:24.400 --> 0:14:27.040 done by hand on a manual press. Even if a 0:14:27.080 --> 0:14:29.920 chat bookseller paid someone else to print the sheets, they 0:14:29.920 --> 0:14:33.720 would still usually fold so and trim the pages themselves, 0:14:33.760 --> 0:14:36.880 all by hand. So it's easy to imagine Catherine and 0:14:36.920 --> 0:14:41.040 Thomas sitting side by side doing the work together. These 0:14:41.080 --> 0:14:43.800 pamphlets would be sold for just a penny alongside the 0:14:43.800 --> 0:14:46.400 growing list of tales of adventure and terror for a 0:14:46.480 --> 0:14:50.400 younger audience of readers. The penny dreadful. The more unique 0:14:50.400 --> 0:14:53.480 the stories, the better it went for the chapman selling them, 0:14:53.560 --> 0:14:56.640 and Thomas was known for spinning them up himself. Like 0:14:56.760 --> 0:15:00.280 many other itinerant storytellers, he was the self published author 0:15:00.320 --> 0:15:03.520 of his day, and he turned every life experience into 0:15:03.560 --> 0:15:06.240 something worth selling. Like one of the chat books that 0:15:06.360 --> 0:15:09.280 Catherine and Thomas sold, That was their own eyewitness account. 0:15:10.400 --> 0:15:13.400 It happened in January of eighteen sixty six when a 0:15:13.400 --> 0:15:16.960 man was hanged in Wolverhampton for murdering his lover. Thomas 0:15:17.000 --> 0:15:19.600 and Catherine were there to see that hanging. Along with 0:15:19.640 --> 0:15:22.720 a crowd of four thousand others, there was an irresistible 0:15:22.720 --> 0:15:26.120 gathering for someone with the story to distribute. Here's Paul 0:15:26.160 --> 0:15:30.240 Beg once again Eddo's and the man that she was 0:15:30.400 --> 0:15:33.080 living with at the time, he was, as far as 0:15:33.080 --> 0:15:37.440 we can tell, the one who apparently wrote these little books, 0:15:37.480 --> 0:15:40.120 and that they were cheap almost sort of pamphlets really 0:15:40.200 --> 0:15:44.080 that described events that had happened in very often in 0:15:44.240 --> 0:15:48.920 rhyme of some sort, and the as you said, gallows ballads. 0:15:49.520 --> 0:15:52.920 And they had gone to witness this execution, and they 0:15:52.960 --> 0:15:56.600 had produced one of the ballads. By all accounts, they 0:15:56.600 --> 0:15:59.120 already had the story of the hanging printed and ready 0:15:59.160 --> 0:16:01.680 to sell on a day it took place, and they've 0:16:01.680 --> 0:16:03.760 made enough money that they were able to order another 0:16:03.800 --> 0:16:06.520 four hundred copies from the printer. Not to mention that 0:16:06.680 --> 0:16:09.680 Katherine was able to buy a new hat. There's just 0:16:09.840 --> 0:16:12.560 one dark twist on that story though. The man who 0:16:12.560 --> 0:16:17.760 had been executed was Katherine's cousin. As Thomas and Catherine 0:16:17.760 --> 0:16:21.120 tramped from town to town, making pennies and spending them together, 0:16:21.160 --> 0:16:24.240 they formed a strong bond. Katherine even had his initials 0:16:24.280 --> 0:16:26.840 tattooed on her arm in blue Ink. After they had 0:16:26.880 --> 0:16:29.120 their first child together, they made their way to London, 0:16:29.400 --> 0:16:31.600 and things were going well enough that they set up 0:16:31.600 --> 0:16:34.760 shop in Westminster, where their second and third children were born. 0:16:35.640 --> 0:16:38.240 But if the relationship was on firm ground for a while, 0:16:38.320 --> 0:16:40.040 it was one of the few things they had to 0:16:40.080 --> 0:16:44.560 hold onto hands. Selling penny pamphlets wasn't lucrative business, not 0:16:44.640 --> 0:16:47.680 to mention that the new penny dreadfuls were overshadowing chap 0:16:47.720 --> 0:16:51.000 books in their popularity. Thomas added other kinds of work 0:16:51.080 --> 0:16:53.360 when and where he could find it, but it came 0:16:53.400 --> 0:16:55.920 and fits and starts. In that way. He was like 0:16:56.040 --> 0:16:58.960 many of the other Irish laborers in London who picked 0:16:59.040 --> 0:17:01.400 up shifts on the dock when ships came in and 0:17:01.480 --> 0:17:05.200 otherwise just struggled to find a business to hire them. 0:17:05.240 --> 0:17:08.439 And by all accounts, Thomas was a violent man. The 0:17:08.480 --> 0:17:12.119 black eyes and bruises that Catherine often displayed communicated as 0:17:12.200 --> 0:17:15.320 much to her sister to her own life. Catherine added 0:17:15.320 --> 0:17:19.960 heavy drinking. Eventually, Thomas's violence shattered their marriage. In eighteen eighty, 0:17:20.119 --> 0:17:22.880 Catherine left him and her two sons behind, but her 0:17:22.920 --> 0:17:26.520 addiction bore her down, and her other relationships too, she 0:17:26.600 --> 0:17:29.280 pushed her daughter away. The last time she saw one 0:17:29.280 --> 0:17:33.560 of her sisters was in eighteen seventy seven. By eighteen 0:17:33.640 --> 0:17:36.040 eighty one, she was in Spittle Fields in the East End. 0:17:36.520 --> 0:17:39.040 Her life there looked very much like Liz Strides or 0:17:39.080 --> 0:17:42.040 Annie Chapman's. She would clean in the Jewish homes when 0:17:42.040 --> 0:17:44.239 there was work for her. She would sometimes take up 0:17:44.240 --> 0:17:46.919 sex work to pay for lodging houses, and later she 0:17:47.000 --> 0:17:49.080 met a man named John Kelly and struck up a 0:17:49.080 --> 0:17:51.720 partnership with him, making their way through the world as 0:17:51.760 --> 0:17:54.720 best they could. She was remembered for trekking out to 0:17:54.800 --> 0:17:57.119 Kent every summer with John to pick hops in the 0:17:57.160 --> 0:18:00.119 fields there, along with thousands of Londoners who relied the 0:18:00.160 --> 0:18:03.280 seasonal work. In fact, in eight she made enough money 0:18:03.280 --> 0:18:05.119 to buy herself a new pair of boots and a 0:18:05.160 --> 0:18:08.600 new jacket before her return to London. But, as John 0:18:08.600 --> 0:18:10.760 would later recount, by the time they were back in 0:18:10.800 --> 0:18:13.280 the East End in late September, the money they made 0:18:13.280 --> 0:18:16.480 on the hop harvest was already gone. All of a sudden, 0:18:16.680 --> 0:18:20.680 their future was in question. Bad days, it seems we're 0:18:20.760 --> 0:18:25.239 headed their way. Sadly, though they had no idea just 0:18:25.320 --> 0:18:32.600 how bad it would get there was no justice in it. 0:18:33.280 --> 0:18:36.240 Women like Liz Stride and Katherine Eddos had already suffered 0:18:36.280 --> 0:18:39.119 so much. They had fought back from their losses. They 0:18:39.160 --> 0:18:43.840 had worked for something more, scraped, saved, built, and lost again. 0:18:44.960 --> 0:18:47.400 Even in their deaths, the stories of women like Liz 0:18:47.440 --> 0:18:50.359 Stride and Katherine Eddos would be told, would be used 0:18:50.359 --> 0:18:53.280 in ways they never imagined. What their lives meant to 0:18:53.359 --> 0:18:56.040 themselves was one thing, but it's become clear as we 0:18:56.119 --> 0:18:59.240 followed the history of eight eight so far what their 0:18:59.280 --> 0:19:01.719 lives meant to others was out of their hands and 0:19:01.800 --> 0:19:05.320 out of their control. Even the stories we tell about 0:19:05.359 --> 0:19:08.399 them now, what we know about their lives comes to 0:19:08.480 --> 0:19:11.439 us because of what they suffered. Their names were written 0:19:11.480 --> 0:19:15.480 into the historical record, not by themselves, but by the killer. 0:19:16.560 --> 0:19:18.840 So this is probably the right point to take a 0:19:18.880 --> 0:19:21.800 step back, because it's an important part of the story 0:19:21.840 --> 0:19:24.560 of Jack the Ripper and the White Chapel murders. The 0:19:24.720 --> 0:19:27.159 version of events that we have repeated for over a 0:19:27.240 --> 0:19:29.720 hundred years makes the East end of London out to 0:19:29.760 --> 0:19:32.679 be the place explored in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, 0:19:33.000 --> 0:19:35.680 a place where the sum total of women's lives are 0:19:35.720 --> 0:19:38.520 the threats and violence that come their way, where they 0:19:38.560 --> 0:19:42.600 are disrespected and cast aside at every turn. As we've seen, 0:19:42.960 --> 0:19:45.600 it's the same story that London writers were telling at 0:19:45.600 --> 0:19:47.959 the time, and it might be fair to say that 0:19:48.000 --> 0:19:50.560 no one bought into that story more than the killer. 0:19:51.840 --> 0:19:54.560 And let's not be coy about it. The brutality of 0:19:54.600 --> 0:19:57.920 the things we're talking about are undeniable. But I hope 0:19:57.960 --> 0:20:00.399 that as we've come this far into our story, we 0:20:00.480 --> 0:20:04.360 can tell that each of these women, Martha Tabram, Pauline Nichols, 0:20:04.400 --> 0:20:08.720 Annie Chapman, Liz Stride and Katherine Ettos were so much 0:20:08.760 --> 0:20:13.360 more than just the victims they became. The Whitechapel murders 0:20:13.359 --> 0:20:17.000 in London's East End are a terrible story and cruel 0:20:17.119 --> 0:20:20.679 violence against vulnerable women is at its heart. There's not 0:20:20.760 --> 0:20:23.159 an honest way to tell the story without creating that 0:20:23.240 --> 0:20:26.080 list of terrible things that were done to vulnerable women. 0:20:26.680 --> 0:20:29.080 But it's not the only story that women in the 0:20:29.080 --> 0:20:31.800 East End of London were part of in eighteen eighty eight, 0:20:32.280 --> 0:20:35.679 because East End women weren't just victims. They were so 0:20:35.800 --> 0:20:38.960 much more than that, and there were world shaking events 0:20:39.119 --> 0:20:42.560 in the East End that year. For that bigger picture. 0:20:42.640 --> 0:20:45.679 We returned to the Match factory on Bow Road because 0:20:45.800 --> 0:20:48.639 that's where poor and working women decided they had suffered 0:20:48.760 --> 0:20:51.760 enough and the story of their lives was something quite different. 0:20:52.280 --> 0:20:55.080 We saw the way they fumed against the underhanded dealing 0:20:55.119 --> 0:20:57.880 of Theodore Bryant when he called their wages to pay 0:20:57.920 --> 0:21:02.400 for his Statue of Gladstone. In eight the smoldering conflict 0:21:02.440 --> 0:21:06.760 between bosses and workers finally burst into flames. One spark 0:21:06.840 --> 0:21:09.199 that set things going was an article published at the 0:21:09.280 --> 0:21:11.880 end of June in a socialist journal called The Link. 0:21:12.480 --> 0:21:15.639 Like the Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon Reports, it was 0:21:15.680 --> 0:21:18.439 a piece that set out to expose injustice with a 0:21:18.520 --> 0:21:22.840 sensational list title. It ran under the headline white Slavery 0:21:22.920 --> 0:21:25.640 in London, and it set its sites on the Bryant 0:21:25.680 --> 0:21:29.840 and May Match Factory. The author of the article, Annie Bessant, 0:21:29.880 --> 0:21:32.480 had heard about the working conditions in the factory at 0:21:32.480 --> 0:21:36.320 a socialist meeting Match workers had attended and testified to 0:21:36.359 --> 0:21:39.720 their treatments. Annie had also heard about the enormous profits 0:21:39.760 --> 0:21:42.639 the Bryants were making on their merchandise and the dividends 0:21:42.640 --> 0:21:45.360 they were paying out to their shareholders, so she set 0:21:45.359 --> 0:21:48.760 out to investigate. What she found was even worse than 0:21:48.800 --> 0:21:52.240 she had feared. Not only were the women and girls 0:21:52.280 --> 0:21:56.160 working in the factory being paid barely starvation wages, they 0:21:56.160 --> 0:21:59.920 were also suffering a condition known as Fossey jaw because 0:22:00.000 --> 0:22:02.760 the Brian's in May match factory was making their matches 0:22:02.800 --> 0:22:06.680 with white phosphorus. Here's Dr Louise Rat to tell us more. 0:22:07.800 --> 0:22:11.000 If it caught hold of your teeth, as the women said, 0:22:11.080 --> 0:22:14.040 if it got into your jaw bone often threw holes 0:22:14.080 --> 0:22:16.399