1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,320 Speaker 1: Welcomed unobscured, a production of I Heart Radio and Aaron Minky. 2 00:00:08,600 --> 00:00:12,240 Speaker 1: Mrs Mortimer heard steps pass by in the street. That 3 00:00:12,400 --> 00:00:15,920 Speaker 1: was nothing unusual, though in fact she recognized these steps. 4 00:00:16,120 --> 00:00:19,000 Speaker 1: They were the heavy, measured tread of a constable passing 5 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:22,280 Speaker 1: the house as he always did, walking his beat. Or 6 00:00:22,280 --> 00:00:24,639 Speaker 1: so she thought. It's hard to tell from just the 7 00:00:24,640 --> 00:00:28,520 Speaker 1: sound of footsteps slapping on wet cobble stones, but it 8 00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:31,280 Speaker 1: was a familiar sound to Missus Mortimer, and it brought 9 00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:33,720 Speaker 1: her to her front door. She stood there for a 10 00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:35,960 Speaker 1: while and took in the night air for what she 11 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:38,839 Speaker 1: guessed was a half hour. The night was damp and 12 00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:41,800 Speaker 1: the stones and walls around her were wet. And then 13 00:00:42,159 --> 00:00:45,160 Speaker 1: someone else came walking by, and she watched him pass. 14 00:00:46,600 --> 00:00:49,400 Speaker 1: There were a few things she noticed about the man. First, 15 00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:52,680 Speaker 1: he was carrying a shiny black bag. Second, he was 16 00:00:52,720 --> 00:00:55,680 Speaker 1: moving quickly, and as he moved along the street, Missus 17 00:00:55,760 --> 00:00:58,600 Speaker 1: Mortimer noticed that he glanced at the Jewish socialist club 18 00:00:58,640 --> 00:01:01,480 Speaker 1: that stood four doors down from her home on Burner Street, 19 00:01:01,480 --> 00:01:04,440 Speaker 1: the club at Dutfield Yard. It was nearly one in 20 00:01:04,480 --> 00:01:08,200 Speaker 1: the morning, so Mrs Mortimer went back inside and prepared 21 00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:10,600 Speaker 1: for bed. That would have been when the steward of 22 00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:13,360 Speaker 1: the Socialist Club rattled by in his cart pulled by 23 00:01:13,400 --> 00:01:15,720 Speaker 1: a donkey. He was on his way back to the club, 24 00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:17,800 Speaker 1: and he tugged the reins to turn the cart through 25 00:01:17,800 --> 00:01:20,120 Speaker 1: the gates and into the yard, and that's when his 26 00:01:20,200 --> 00:01:23,560 Speaker 1: donkey bucked and shied away. He was trying to get 27 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:26,240 Speaker 1: the animal to turn into Dutfield Yard so he could 28 00:01:26,319 --> 00:01:29,160 Speaker 1: unload his belongings from the market, but something was on 29 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:32,400 Speaker 1: the ground in the shadows, blocking the way. He couldn't 30 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:34,560 Speaker 1: see what it was, so he climbed down and got 31 00:01:34,560 --> 00:01:37,200 Speaker 1: a closer look. He pulled a box of matches from 32 00:01:37,240 --> 00:01:40,240 Speaker 1: his pocket and struck a light. In the flickering flame, 33 00:01:40,280 --> 00:01:42,319 Speaker 1: he could see the shape was the body of a woman, 34 00:01:43,080 --> 00:01:47,319 Speaker 1: Liz Stride. Israel Schwartz had fled the scene just minutes before. 35 00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:51,240 Speaker 1: He rushed into the club, where people were still dancing 36 00:01:51,240 --> 00:01:53,880 Speaker 1: and drinking together and where his wife was chatting with 37 00:01:53,880 --> 00:01:55,960 Speaker 1: the guests. When a few of them came out to 38 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:57,880 Speaker 1: help the steward check on the woman, they found that 39 00:01:57,920 --> 00:02:01,080 Speaker 1: she was dead. A long cut cross Liz Stride's throats 40 00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:03,160 Speaker 1: under the scarf that had been frayed by the edge 41 00:02:03,160 --> 00:02:05,880 Speaker 1: of the knife that killed her. The resulting commotion brought 42 00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:09,280 Speaker 1: Mrs Mortimer out of her house and others too, even 43 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:12,240 Speaker 1: in the early morning hours. The steward then went for 44 00:02:12,320 --> 00:02:16,400 Speaker 1: the police. When constables arrived, they shut the gate and 45 00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:19,440 Speaker 1: locked down the club. Clothes hands and the rooms in 46 00:02:19,480 --> 00:02:22,160 Speaker 1: the club were examined for blood. The toilets in the 47 00:02:22,240 --> 00:02:25,959 Speaker 1: yard were checked. The neighboring contages too, along with the neighbors. 48 00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:29,200 Speaker 1: White Chapels Inspector Reid was back from his holiday and 49 00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:32,840 Speaker 1: he was on the scene soon after. There was nothing 50 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:35,760 Speaker 1: ordinary about the horrible murder that was coming to light 51 00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:38,760 Speaker 1: under the Steward's match, but by now all of London 52 00:02:38,880 --> 00:02:41,880 Speaker 1: knew the pattern. Soon enough, Liz Stride would be added 53 00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:44,480 Speaker 1: to the list of names women who had been killed 54 00:02:44,520 --> 00:02:46,720 Speaker 1: in the dark hours of the night, Taken to the 55 00:02:46,720 --> 00:02:50,160 Speaker 1: White Chapel mortuary, examined by a police surgeon, with an 56 00:02:50,200 --> 00:02:53,920 Speaker 1: inquest carried out by Wind Baxter. The first doctor to 57 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:56,880 Speaker 1: examine the body arrived on the scene at one a m. 58 00:02:57,360 --> 00:02:59,799 Speaker 1: He was followed ten minutes later by Dr Phillips, the 59 00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:03,040 Speaker 1: Urgin who had observed Annie Chapman's body on Hanbury Street. 60 00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:06,639 Speaker 1: His influence had already been felt in the investigation when 61 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:09,240 Speaker 1: he suggested to Win Baxter that the killer could be 62 00:03:09,280 --> 00:03:13,560 Speaker 1: a surgeon or maybe a butcher. Dr Phillips had come 63 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:16,400 Speaker 1: to his conclusion because of the massive wounds to Annie Chapman. 64 00:03:16,760 --> 00:03:19,280 Speaker 1: But there was only one cut for doctors to examine 65 00:03:19,280 --> 00:03:22,600 Speaker 1: on Liz Stride, the one that crossed her neck. There 66 00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:25,440 Speaker 1: was no doubt it was a vicious murder. But this 67 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:29,480 Speaker 1: challenge the speculations Dr Phillips had put forward before. If 68 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:32,519 Speaker 1: the killer was attempting to collect organs from the women 69 00:03:32,560 --> 00:03:35,520 Speaker 1: he murdered, and Stride was killed by the same hand, 70 00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:39,080 Speaker 1: why hadn't the murderer done the same to her? But 71 00:03:39,120 --> 00:03:41,920 Speaker 1: if that struck the Burner Street neighborhood or the police 72 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:45,080 Speaker 1: as unusual, it would hardly be the most startling thing 73 00:03:45,160 --> 00:03:52,000 Speaker 1: to happen that night, because on September the murderer would 74 00:03:52,040 --> 00:04:21,479 Speaker 1: kill twice. This is unobscured. I'm Aaron Manky. There were 75 00:04:21,520 --> 00:04:25,040 Speaker 1: more witnesses. The rain falling on Aldgates had kept the 76 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:27,640 Speaker 1: three men inside the Imperial Club late into the night. 77 00:04:28,200 --> 00:04:30,839 Speaker 1: It was a Jewish club open just the year before 78 00:04:30,920 --> 00:04:33,560 Speaker 1: to provide a space to meet and talk. Across the 79 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:36,760 Speaker 1: street was the Great Synagogue, which made sense. They were 80 00:04:36,800 --> 00:04:40,240 Speaker 1: on the inner edge of East London's Jewish neighborhoods. On 81 00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:43,160 Speaker 1: the twenty nine September. The Imperial Club had among its 82 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:46,200 Speaker 1: visitors a White Chapel furniture dealer, a butcher who lived 83 00:04:46,200 --> 00:04:49,240 Speaker 1: in the neighborhood, and Joseph Lavenda, who worked as a 84 00:04:49,279 --> 00:04:53,000 Speaker 1: traveling cigarette salesman. When they finally stepped out into the rain, 85 00:04:53,200 --> 00:04:55,680 Speaker 1: Joseph looked at the club clock and chucked it against 86 00:04:55,760 --> 00:04:58,400 Speaker 1: his watch. It was even later than he thought, just 87 00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:01,760 Speaker 1: after one thirty in the morning. By now, Joseph was 88 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:04,400 Speaker 1: a few steps behind the others, so he wasn't wrapped 89 00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:06,839 Speaker 1: up in conversation, and that meant that he had his 90 00:05:06,880 --> 00:05:10,480 Speaker 1: eyes open. As they stepped into the drizzle, Joseph looked 91 00:05:10,480 --> 00:05:13,679 Speaker 1: at the synagogue across the street, and he noticed something. 92 00:05:14,720 --> 00:05:17,000 Speaker 1: As they passed by the synagogue, his eyes moved to 93 00:05:17,040 --> 00:05:20,159 Speaker 1: the narrow passage running towards Miter Street. That's where a 94 00:05:20,200 --> 00:05:23,120 Speaker 1: couple stood talking together, a man and a woman. The 95 00:05:23,160 --> 00:05:25,240 Speaker 1: woman had her back to him, but even in the 96 00:05:25,279 --> 00:05:27,800 Speaker 1: dim light, he said, he noticed her clothes, a black 97 00:05:27,880 --> 00:05:30,600 Speaker 1: jacket and a black bonnet. Her hand was on the 98 00:05:30,680 --> 00:05:33,840 Speaker 1: chest of the man she was talking to. If there 99 00:05:33,880 --> 00:05:36,919 Speaker 1: was restraint in the woman's dress, the man's clothing sounded 100 00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:39,920 Speaker 1: much more like something wind Baxter might wear, a loose 101 00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:43,200 Speaker 1: salt and pepper jacket, a red neckerchief, and a gray 102 00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:45,560 Speaker 1: cloth cap with a peak. To the eyes of the 103 00:05:45,600 --> 00:05:49,600 Speaker 1: traveling salesman, he had the appearance of a sailor, of course, 104 00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:52,360 Speaker 1: a sailor talking with a woman in a dark passage. 105 00:05:52,680 --> 00:05:55,880 Speaker 1: That was nothing unusual for a London night, and they 106 00:05:55,880 --> 00:05:57,680 Speaker 1: all thought they knew what a couple like that was 107 00:05:57,760 --> 00:06:00,680 Speaker 1: up to. The butcher made a disgruntled mark about the 108 00:06:00,680 --> 00:06:04,279 Speaker 1: prostitutes in the city, and they all moved on. As 109 00:06:04,320 --> 00:06:07,039 Speaker 1: they walked, Joseph and the others probably passed by a 110 00:06:07,080 --> 00:06:10,520 Speaker 1: policeman at some point, because every few minutes a constable's 111 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:13,520 Speaker 1: patrol route took him through Miters Square behind the synagogue, 112 00:06:13,800 --> 00:06:16,560 Speaker 1: and that was no accident. An order had gone out 113 00:06:16,560 --> 00:06:18,920 Speaker 1: for more constables to be in the streets every night. 114 00:06:19,200 --> 00:06:22,919 Speaker 1: There were special instructions that patrolman should keep close observation 115 00:06:23,040 --> 00:06:25,960 Speaker 1: on any women they thought were prostitutes. They should watch 116 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:28,760 Speaker 1: them going in and out of pubs, they should watch 117 00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:31,520 Speaker 1: them walking in the streets. In fact, it wasn't just 118 00:06:31,600 --> 00:06:34,400 Speaker 1: the White Chapel Vigilance Committee that was bringing more watchful 119 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:37,520 Speaker 1: eyes to the alleys and passages. The police also sent 120 00:06:37,680 --> 00:06:40,839 Speaker 1: extra men in playing clothes to surveil the neighborhoods where 121 00:06:40,880 --> 00:06:44,159 Speaker 1: the killings took place, not just in Whitechapel, but closer 122 00:06:44,200 --> 00:06:47,240 Speaker 1: to the city center as well, in places like Aldgates, 123 00:06:47,640 --> 00:06:51,760 Speaker 1: in places like Miter Square. The three men walked on, 124 00:06:52,080 --> 00:06:54,720 Speaker 1: and maybe Joseph would have forgotten that quick glance at 125 00:06:54,720 --> 00:06:57,479 Speaker 1: the couple of people in the passage next to the synagogue, 126 00:06:57,920 --> 00:07:00,680 Speaker 1: except for what happened next in Miter Square, when the 127 00:07:00,760 --> 00:07:04,320 Speaker 1: officer patrolling that night, a man named Edward Watkins, would 128 00:07:04,360 --> 00:07:09,600 Speaker 1: write his name into history. Most of watkins beat was unremarkable. 129 00:07:09,920 --> 00:07:13,640 Speaker 1: In the words of his later account, nothing excited my attention. 130 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:16,680 Speaker 1: His circuit took him about fifteen minutes to walk, and 131 00:07:16,720 --> 00:07:18,800 Speaker 1: he had been at it for three and a half hours. 132 00:07:19,120 --> 00:07:21,640 Speaker 1: The lantern on his belt was on, and the swinging 133 00:07:21,760 --> 00:07:24,880 Speaker 1: light illuminated the various passages that he peeked into as 134 00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:28,040 Speaker 1: he went by. At one thirty in the morning, he 135 00:07:28,120 --> 00:07:31,480 Speaker 1: came through Miters Square and saw no one, and no one, 136 00:07:31,560 --> 00:07:34,760 Speaker 1: he emphasized, could have been in the square without him noticing. 137 00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:38,160 Speaker 1: Four large warehouses loomed over the wide space, and it 138 00:07:38,240 --> 00:07:40,840 Speaker 1: was lit by three lamps. There was really only one 139 00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:44,240 Speaker 1: dark corner. Just fifteen minutes later, as he walked through 140 00:07:44,280 --> 00:07:47,480 Speaker 1: the square again, Constable Watkins did what he had done before. 141 00:07:47,880 --> 00:07:50,280 Speaker 1: He passed his light over the one dark corner in 142 00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:53,200 Speaker 1: the square, the back of a framing shop, where during 143 00:07:53,200 --> 00:07:56,000 Speaker 1: the day the sound of work constructing picture frames would 144 00:07:56,000 --> 00:07:59,320 Speaker 1: have reached the street behind. In the stillness of the night, though, 145 00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:02,880 Speaker 1: Watkins flashed his light across the building's coal shoot, lifting 146 00:08:02,920 --> 00:08:05,560 Speaker 1: the darkness there, and he saw the crumpled shape of 147 00:08:05,560 --> 00:08:08,240 Speaker 1: a woman on the ground, her feet stretched out towards 148 00:08:08,240 --> 00:08:11,800 Speaker 1: the square. As he stepped forward, his light revealed her 149 00:08:11,800 --> 00:08:14,960 Speaker 1: whole body. Her clothes were pushed above her waist, and 150 00:08:15,000 --> 00:08:17,600 Speaker 1: she was lying in a pool of blood. The killer 151 00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:20,960 Speaker 1: had mutilated her body even more than any chapman's. What 152 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:25,240 Speaker 1: he saw was horrible. Cuts crossed the woman's face as 153 00:08:25,280 --> 00:08:27,880 Speaker 1: well as her abdomen. The shape of an upside down 154 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:31,240 Speaker 1: V was carved into each cheek, and slices crossed her 155 00:08:31,280 --> 00:08:34,120 Speaker 1: lower eyelids. Her nose had been cut off, and her 156 00:08:34,160 --> 00:08:37,880 Speaker 1: intestines had been pulled out and draped around her. Joseph 157 00:08:37,960 --> 00:08:41,880 Speaker 1: Lavenda had passed by just a few minutes before. Now, somehow, 158 00:08:41,960 --> 00:08:45,160 Speaker 1: in such a short span of time, Katherine Eddoes was dead, 159 00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:49,000 Speaker 1: her body cut to pieces, and Constable Watkins was running 160 00:08:49,040 --> 00:08:54,679 Speaker 1: for help. Here's Paul Beg. Two of the men walking 161 00:08:54,760 --> 00:08:58,920 Speaker 1: past would later identify the woman by her clothing as 162 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:04,280 Speaker 1: Katherine Eddoes, and one of those men was the man 163 00:09:04,280 --> 00:09:08,520 Speaker 1: that I mentioned earlier, Joseph Lavender. But it is equally 164 00:09:08,960 --> 00:09:13,439 Speaker 1: likely that the woman was not Katherine Eddoes, or even 165 00:09:13,480 --> 00:09:16,720 Speaker 1: if it was Edos, that the man had just been 166 00:09:16,720 --> 00:09:19,920 Speaker 1: accosted by her when the three men walked by, and 167 00:09:20,040 --> 00:09:24,600 Speaker 1: had disengaged himself and walked on, leaving Edos to meet 168 00:09:24,679 --> 00:09:27,880 Speaker 1: Jack Arrippa. So again, as with all of these cases, 169 00:09:27,920 --> 00:09:31,480 Speaker 1: there are lots of variable So they did see a woman, 170 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:35,280 Speaker 1: they did recognize her and identify her by a fairly 171 00:09:35,320 --> 00:09:39,520 Speaker 1: distinctive clothing as being Edos, So they probably did see 172 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:45,959 Speaker 1: Eddos with somebody. But there was a small margin of 173 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:49,360 Speaker 1: time during which the man that they saw could have 174 00:09:49,559 --> 00:09:53,479 Speaker 1: left her, and if she had wandered into the shadows 175 00:09:54,080 --> 00:09:57,960 Speaker 1: of Leiter Square, then she might well have encounter Jack 176 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:00,760 Speaker 1: the ripper lurking there, listening to the thing that had 177 00:10:00,880 --> 00:10:03,800 Speaker 1: gone home. Whether or not the man in the peaked 178 00:10:03,840 --> 00:10:06,600 Speaker 1: cap spotted by Joseph Lavenda was the man who killed 179 00:10:06,679 --> 00:10:09,160 Speaker 1: Katherine Edtos, there was no doubt about the case in 180 00:10:09,200 --> 00:10:12,720 Speaker 1: the minds of the police. The Whitechapel murderer had killed again, 181 00:10:13,160 --> 00:10:17,400 Speaker 1: this time much closer to the city center. Constables and 182 00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:20,440 Speaker 1: inspectors gathered with a surgeon around the body once more, 183 00:10:20,720 --> 00:10:24,120 Speaker 1: and once again the police officers fanned out throughout the streets, 184 00:10:24,280 --> 00:10:26,920 Speaker 1: looking for any sign of a killer fleeing the scene, 185 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:30,440 Speaker 1: anything they could follow in killing after killing, so far, 186 00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:34,400 Speaker 1: this had given them nothing. When Martha Tabram had been 187 00:10:34,480 --> 00:10:37,079 Speaker 1: killed in George Yard, nothing was found in the neighborhood 188 00:10:37,080 --> 00:10:39,439 Speaker 1: around her that would help the police identify the killer. 189 00:10:39,880 --> 00:10:42,840 Speaker 1: When Polly Nichols was killed on Buck's Row, the sweep 190 00:10:42,920 --> 00:10:45,760 Speaker 1: led to the discovery of her identity, but nothing else. 191 00:10:46,160 --> 00:10:49,240 Speaker 1: And when Annie Chapman was killed behind twenty nine Hanbury Street, 192 00:10:49,280 --> 00:10:51,800 Speaker 1: the discovery of the leather apron in the yard beside 193 00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:55,960 Speaker 1: her gave fodder for racist speculation, but little more. And 194 00:10:56,000 --> 00:10:59,040 Speaker 1: even as Katherine Edto's body was found in Minor Square, 195 00:10:59,320 --> 00:11:02,520 Speaker 1: police were still searching for clues around Duttfield Yard, where 196 00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:05,520 Speaker 1: Liz Stride had been killed just an hour before. They 197 00:11:05,559 --> 00:11:07,800 Speaker 1: also found nothing to put them on the trail of 198 00:11:07,800 --> 00:11:10,679 Speaker 1: the murderer. Things would be different in the case of 199 00:11:10,760 --> 00:11:13,840 Speaker 1: Katherine Edtos, though, because when police fanned out from the 200 00:11:13,840 --> 00:11:16,439 Speaker 1: place where her body lay, some of them went back 201 00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:20,160 Speaker 1: toward Whitechapel. Previous searches around the body of the victims 202 00:11:20,240 --> 00:11:23,520 Speaker 1: had come up empty handed. This time what they found 203 00:11:24,040 --> 00:11:27,120 Speaker 1: would become the very center of the hunt for the killer. 204 00:11:35,800 --> 00:11:39,240 Speaker 1: For years, Katherine Edtos had been a storyteller, or at 205 00:11:39,320 --> 00:11:42,000 Speaker 1: least she had been in the storytelling trade, because for 206 00:11:42,040 --> 00:11:44,640 Speaker 1: a long time she had traveled with her partner Thomas, 207 00:11:44,640 --> 00:11:47,960 Speaker 1: selling pamphlets town to town and pub to pub. Not 208 00:11:48,080 --> 00:11:51,080 Speaker 1: that her life started out that way though. She was 209 00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:54,280 Speaker 1: born to a cook and tinplate worker in Wolverhampton, just 210 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:57,640 Speaker 1: a few miles northwest of Birmingham, and Catherine was part 211 00:11:57,679 --> 00:11:59,960 Speaker 1: of a large family. When I say large, I mean 212 00:12:00,200 --> 00:12:03,160 Speaker 1: she had eleven siblings. But Catherine was never one to 213 00:12:03,240 --> 00:12:06,440 Speaker 1: stay in one place for long, often because tragedy pushed 214 00:12:06,440 --> 00:12:08,920 Speaker 1: her on. As a child, she moved with her large 215 00:12:08,960 --> 00:12:11,680 Speaker 1: family to London, but both of her parents died while 216 00:12:11,720 --> 00:12:14,400 Speaker 1: she was just a teenager, and that event split up 217 00:12:14,440 --> 00:12:17,480 Speaker 1: the children. Some went to the workhouses, some went to 218 00:12:17,559 --> 00:12:20,280 Speaker 1: an industrial school where they would be raised and trained 219 00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 1: for more work. Katherine's relatives back in Wolverhampton brought her 220 00:12:23,960 --> 00:12:25,760 Speaker 1: home and helped her find a job at the tin 221 00:12:25,800 --> 00:12:30,480 Speaker 1: works There, work, it seems, was eternal, but the arrangement 222 00:12:30,520 --> 00:12:33,760 Speaker 1: was temporary. Caught stealing, Katherine was on the road again, 223 00:12:34,040 --> 00:12:36,640 Speaker 1: this time to Birmingham to live with an uncle. In 224 00:12:36,760 --> 00:12:39,120 Speaker 1: his younger days, he had been a boxer, but now 225 00:12:39,160 --> 00:12:42,760 Speaker 1: set himself to making boots and shoes. Katherine found work 226 00:12:42,800 --> 00:12:45,640 Speaker 1: as a metal polisher, but she had better things in mind. 227 00:12:45,960 --> 00:12:48,400 Speaker 1: She had stories to live out, and so she fell 228 00:12:48,440 --> 00:12:53,120 Speaker 1: in with a dashing man named Thomas Conway. Thomas was Irish, 229 00:12:53,440 --> 00:12:55,800 Speaker 1: and like many other young irishmen, he had joined the 230 00:12:55,800 --> 00:12:58,760 Speaker 1: British Army. For two years. He had served to uphold 231 00:12:58,760 --> 00:13:01,800 Speaker 1: the Imperial order in India across the places that the 232 00:13:01,800 --> 00:13:06,200 Speaker 1: Imperial administrators called Bombay and Madras now Mumbai and Schennai. 233 00:13:06,640 --> 00:13:09,960 Speaker 1: But like Catherine polishing metal trays, Thomas's heart wasn't in 234 00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:12,160 Speaker 1: the work. In fact, he was sent back to England 235 00:13:12,200 --> 00:13:15,320 Speaker 1: with a diagnosis of heart disease. In eighteen sixty one, 236 00:13:15,320 --> 00:13:17,440 Speaker 1: he was discharged from the army at the age of 237 00:13:17,480 --> 00:13:22,160 Speaker 1: just twenty four. When Catherine's aunt found her romantically involved 238 00:13:22,200 --> 00:13:24,920 Speaker 1: with the young irishman on an army pension who made 239 00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:27,600 Speaker 1: his money selling chat books and penny ballads at the 240 00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:31,520 Speaker 1: local pubs, well she turned Catherine out. Soon Thomas and 241 00:13:31,600 --> 00:13:34,680 Speaker 1: Catherine were back in Birmingham and they were in business together, 242 00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:38,840 Speaker 1: the story business, and to keep their business afloat, they 243 00:13:38,840 --> 00:13:42,280 Speaker 1: turned to true crime and true punishment. They sold copy 244 00:13:42,360 --> 00:13:46,400 Speaker 1: after copy of wild, gruesome and shocking stories. Not least 245 00:13:46,440 --> 00:13:49,400 Speaker 1: among them were the pamphlets about the execution of criminals. 246 00:13:50,320 --> 00:13:52,720 Speaker 1: In fact, that chat books telling the stories of hangings 247 00:13:52,720 --> 00:13:56,080 Speaker 1: and other criminal executions were popular, whether you were someone 248 00:13:56,120 --> 00:13:58,680 Speaker 1: who couldn't make it to the gallows on hanging day 249 00:13:58,800 --> 00:14:01,560 Speaker 1: or if you did witness the and wanted to keepsake. 250 00:14:01,880 --> 00:14:05,120 Speaker 1: And that was true going back quite a ways. By 251 00:14:05,120 --> 00:14:07,680 Speaker 1: the end of the seventeen hundreds, every town had printers 252 00:14:07,720 --> 00:14:11,080 Speaker 1: that were turning out pamphlets with stories, ballads and gruesome 253 00:14:11,120 --> 00:14:15,160 Speaker 1: illustrations of corpses hanging on the gallows. One pamphlet telling 254 00:14:15,160 --> 00:14:17,760 Speaker 1: the story of a shocking murder was printed in London's 255 00:14:17,880 --> 00:14:21,960 Speaker 1: Seven Dials to the tune of half a million copies. Today, 256 00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:24,400 Speaker 1: we know that printing and binding chap books was often 257 00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:27,040 Speaker 1: done by hand on a manual press. Even if a 258 00:14:27,080 --> 00:14:29,920 Speaker 1: chat bookseller paid someone else to print the sheets, they 259 00:14:29,920 --> 00:14:33,720 Speaker 1: would still usually fold so and trim the pages themselves, 260 00:14:33,760 --> 00:14:36,880 Speaker 1: all by hand. So it's easy to imagine Catherine and 261 00:14:36,920 --> 00:14:41,040 Speaker 1: Thomas sitting side by side doing the work together. These 262 00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:43,800 Speaker 1: pamphlets would be sold for just a penny alongside the 263 00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:46,400 Speaker 1: growing list of tales of adventure and terror for a 264 00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:50,400 Speaker 1: younger audience of readers. The penny dreadful. The more unique 265 00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:53,480 Speaker 1: the stories, the better it went for the chapman selling them, 266 00:14:53,560 --> 00:14:56,640 Speaker 1: and Thomas was known for spinning them up himself. Like 267 00:14:56,760 --> 00:15:00,280 Speaker 1: many other itinerant storytellers, he was the self published author 268 00:15:00,320 --> 00:15:03,520 Speaker 1: of his day, and he turned every life experience into 269 00:15:03,560 --> 00:15:06,240 Speaker 1: something worth selling. Like one of the chat books that 270 00:15:06,360 --> 00:15:09,280 Speaker 1: Catherine and Thomas sold, That was their own eyewitness account. 271 00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:13,400 Speaker 1: It happened in January of eighteen sixty six when a 272 00:15:13,400 --> 00:15:16,960 Speaker 1: man was hanged in Wolverhampton for murdering his lover. Thomas 273 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:19,600 Speaker 1: and Catherine were there to see that hanging. Along with 274 00:15:19,640 --> 00:15:22,720 Speaker 1: a crowd of four thousand others, there was an irresistible 275 00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:26,120 Speaker 1: gathering for someone with the story to distribute. Here's Paul 276 00:15:26,160 --> 00:15:30,240 Speaker 1: Beg once again Eddo's and the man that she was 277 00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:33,080 Speaker 1: living with at the time, he was, as far as 278 00:15:33,080 --> 00:15:37,440 Speaker 1: we can tell, the one who apparently wrote these little books, 279 00:15:37,480 --> 00:15:40,120 Speaker 1: and that they were cheap almost sort of pamphlets really 280 00:15:40,200 --> 00:15:44,080 Speaker 1: that described events that had happened in very often in 281 00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:48,920 Speaker 1: rhyme of some sort, and the as you said, gallows ballads. 282 00:15:49,520 --> 00:15:52,920 Speaker 1: And they had gone to witness this execution, and they 283 00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:56,600 Speaker 1: had produced one of the ballads. By all accounts, they 284 00:15:56,600 --> 00:15:59,120 Speaker 1: already had the story of the hanging printed and ready 285 00:15:59,160 --> 00:16:01,680 Speaker 1: to sell on a day it took place, and they've 286 00:16:01,680 --> 00:16:03,760 Speaker 1: made enough money that they were able to order another 287 00:16:03,800 --> 00:16:06,520 Speaker 1: four hundred copies from the printer. Not to mention that 288 00:16:06,680 --> 00:16:09,680 Speaker 1: Katherine was able to buy a new hat. There's just 289 00:16:09,840 --> 00:16:12,560 Speaker 1: one dark twist on that story though. The man who 290 00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:17,760 Speaker 1: had been executed was Katherine's cousin. As Thomas and Catherine 291 00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:21,120 Speaker 1: tramped from town to town, making pennies and spending them together, 292 00:16:21,160 --> 00:16:24,240 Speaker 1: they formed a strong bond. Katherine even had his initials 293 00:16:24,280 --> 00:16:26,840 Speaker 1: tattooed on her arm in blue Ink. After they had 294 00:16:26,880 --> 00:16:29,120 Speaker 1: their first child together, they made their way to London, 295 00:16:29,400 --> 00:16:31,600 Speaker 1: and things were going well enough that they set up 296 00:16:31,600 --> 00:16:34,760 Speaker 1: shop in Westminster, where their second and third children were born. 297 00:16:35,640 --> 00:16:38,240 Speaker 1: But if the relationship was on firm ground for a while, 298 00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:40,040 Speaker 1: it was one of the few things they had to 299 00:16:40,080 --> 00:16:44,560 Speaker 1: hold onto hands. Selling penny pamphlets wasn't lucrative business, not 300 00:16:44,640 --> 00:16:47,680 Speaker 1: to mention that the new penny dreadfuls were overshadowing chap 301 00:16:47,720 --> 00:16:51,000 Speaker 1: books in their popularity. Thomas added other kinds of work 302 00:16:51,080 --> 00:16:53,360 Speaker 1: when and where he could find it, but it came 303 00:16:53,400 --> 00:16:55,920 Speaker 1: and fits and starts. In that way. He was like 304 00:16:56,040 --> 00:16:58,960 Speaker 1: many of the other Irish laborers in London who picked 305 00:16:59,040 --> 00:17:01,400 Speaker 1: up shifts on the dock when ships came in and 306 00:17:01,480 --> 00:17:05,200 Speaker 1: otherwise just struggled to find a business to hire them. 307 00:17:05,240 --> 00:17:08,439 Speaker 1: And by all accounts, Thomas was a violent man. The 308 00:17:08,480 --> 00:17:12,119 Speaker 1: black eyes and bruises that Catherine often displayed communicated as 309 00:17:12,200 --> 00:17:15,320 Speaker 1: much to her sister to her own life. Catherine added 310 00:17:15,320 --> 00:17:19,960 Speaker 1: heavy drinking. Eventually, Thomas's violence shattered their marriage. In eighteen eighty, 311 00:17:20,119 --> 00:17:22,880 Speaker 1: Catherine left him and her two sons behind, but her 312 00:17:22,920 --> 00:17:26,520 Speaker 1: addiction bore her down, and her other relationships too, she 313 00:17:26,600 --> 00:17:29,280 Speaker 1: pushed her daughter away. The last time she saw one 314 00:17:29,280 --> 00:17:33,560 Speaker 1: of her sisters was in eighteen seventy seven. By eighteen 315 00:17:33,640 --> 00:17:36,040 Speaker 1: eighty one, she was in Spittle Fields in the East End. 316 00:17:36,520 --> 00:17:39,040 Speaker 1: Her life there looked very much like Liz Strides or 317 00:17:39,080 --> 00:17:42,040 Speaker 1: Annie Chapman's. She would clean in the Jewish homes when 318 00:17:42,040 --> 00:17:44,239 Speaker 1: there was work for her. She would sometimes take up 319 00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:46,919 Speaker 1: sex work to pay for lodging houses, and later she 320 00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:49,080 Speaker 1: met a man named John Kelly and struck up a 321 00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:51,720 Speaker 1: partnership with him, making their way through the world as 322 00:17:51,760 --> 00:17:54,720 Speaker 1: best they could. She was remembered for trekking out to 323 00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:57,119 Speaker 1: Kent every summer with John to pick hops in the 324 00:17:57,160 --> 00:18:00,119 Speaker 1: fields there, along with thousands of Londoners who relied the 325 00:18:00,160 --> 00:18:03,280 Speaker 1: seasonal work. In fact, in eight she made enough money 326 00:18:03,280 --> 00:18:05,119 Speaker 1: to buy herself a new pair of boots and a 327 00:18:05,160 --> 00:18:08,600 Speaker 1: new jacket before her return to London. But, as John 328 00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:10,760 Speaker 1: would later recount, by the time they were back in 329 00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:13,280 Speaker 1: the East End in late September, the money they made 330 00:18:13,280 --> 00:18:16,480 Speaker 1: on the hop harvest was already gone. All of a sudden, 331 00:18:16,680 --> 00:18:20,680 Speaker 1: their future was in question. Bad days, it seems we're 332 00:18:20,760 --> 00:18:25,239 Speaker 1: headed their way. Sadly, though they had no idea just 333 00:18:25,320 --> 00:18:32,600 Speaker 1: how bad it would get there was no justice in it. 334 00:18:33,280 --> 00:18:36,240 Speaker 1: Women like Liz Stride and Katherine Eddos had already suffered 335 00:18:36,280 --> 00:18:39,119 Speaker 1: so much. They had fought back from their losses. They 336 00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:43,840 Speaker 1: had worked for something more, scraped, saved, built, and lost again. 337 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:47,400 Speaker 1: Even in their deaths, the stories of women like Liz 338 00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:50,359 Speaker 1: Stride and Katherine Eddos would be told, would be used 339 00:18:50,359 --> 00:18:53,280 Speaker 1: in ways they never imagined. What their lives meant to 340 00:18:53,359 --> 00:18:56,040 Speaker 1: themselves was one thing, but it's become clear as we 341 00:18:56,119 --> 00:18:59,240 Speaker 1: followed the history of eight eight so far what their 342 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:01,719 Speaker 1: lives meant to others was out of their hands and 343 00:19:01,800 --> 00:19:05,320 Speaker 1: out of their control. Even the stories we tell about 344 00:19:05,359 --> 00:19:08,399 Speaker 1: them now, what we know about their lives comes to 345 00:19:08,480 --> 00:19:11,439 Speaker 1: us because of what they suffered. Their names were written 346 00:19:11,480 --> 00:19:15,480 Speaker 1: into the historical record, not by themselves, but by the killer. 347 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:18,840 Speaker 1: So this is probably the right point to take a 348 00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:21,800 Speaker 1: step back, because it's an important part of the story 349 00:19:21,840 --> 00:19:24,560 Speaker 1: of Jack the Ripper and the White Chapel murders. The 350 00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:27,159 Speaker 1: version of events that we have repeated for over a 351 00:19:27,240 --> 00:19:29,720 Speaker 1: hundred years makes the East end of London out to 352 00:19:29,760 --> 00:19:32,679 Speaker 1: be the place explored in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, 353 00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:35,680 Speaker 1: a place where the sum total of women's lives are 354 00:19:35,720 --> 00:19:38,520 Speaker 1: the threats and violence that come their way, where they 355 00:19:38,560 --> 00:19:42,600 Speaker 1: are disrespected and cast aside at every turn. As we've seen, 356 00:19:42,960 --> 00:19:45,600 Speaker 1: it's the same story that London writers were telling at 357 00:19:45,600 --> 00:19:47,959 Speaker 1: the time, and it might be fair to say that 358 00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:50,560 Speaker 1: no one bought into that story more than the killer. 359 00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:54,560 Speaker 1: And let's not be coy about it. The brutality of 360 00:19:54,600 --> 00:19:57,920 Speaker 1: the things we're talking about are undeniable. But I hope 361 00:19:57,960 --> 00:20:00,399 Speaker 1: that as we've come this far into our story, we 362 00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:04,360 Speaker 1: can tell that each of these women, Martha Tabram, Pauline Nichols, 363 00:20:04,400 --> 00:20:08,720 Speaker 1: Annie Chapman, Liz Stride and Katherine Ettos were so much 364 00:20:08,760 --> 00:20:13,360 Speaker 1: more than just the victims they became. The Whitechapel murders 365 00:20:13,359 --> 00:20:17,000 Speaker 1: in London's East End are a terrible story and cruel 366 00:20:17,119 --> 00:20:20,679 Speaker 1: violence against vulnerable women is at its heart. There's not 367 00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:23,159 Speaker 1: an honest way to tell the story without creating that 368 00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:26,080 Speaker 1: list of terrible things that were done to vulnerable women. 369 00:20:26,680 --> 00:20:29,080 Speaker 1: But it's not the only story that women in the 370 00:20:29,080 --> 00:20:31,800 Speaker 1: East End of London were part of in eighteen eighty eight, 371 00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:35,679 Speaker 1: because East End women weren't just victims. They were so 372 00:20:35,800 --> 00:20:38,960 Speaker 1: much more than that, and there were world shaking events 373 00:20:39,119 --> 00:20:42,560 Speaker 1: in the East End that year. For that bigger picture. 374 00:20:42,640 --> 00:20:45,679 Speaker 1: We returned to the Match factory on Bow Road because 375 00:20:45,800 --> 00:20:48,639 Speaker 1: that's where poor and working women decided they had suffered 376 00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:51,760 Speaker 1: enough and the story of their lives was something quite different. 377 00:20:52,280 --> 00:20:55,080 Speaker 1: We saw the way they fumed against the underhanded dealing 378 00:20:55,119 --> 00:20:57,880 Speaker 1: of Theodore Bryant when he called their wages to pay 379 00:20:57,920 --> 00:21:02,400 Speaker 1: for his Statue of Gladstone. In eight the smoldering conflict 380 00:21:02,440 --> 00:21:06,760 Speaker 1: between bosses and workers finally burst into flames. One spark 381 00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:09,199 Speaker 1: that set things going was an article published at the 382 00:21:09,280 --> 00:21:11,880 Speaker 1: end of June in a socialist journal called The Link. 383 00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:15,639 Speaker 1: Like the Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon Reports, it was 384 00:21:15,680 --> 00:21:18,439 Speaker 1: a piece that set out to expose injustice with a 385 00:21:18,520 --> 00:21:22,840 Speaker 1: sensational list title. It ran under the headline white Slavery 386 00:21:22,920 --> 00:21:25,640 Speaker 1: in London, and it set its sites on the Bryant 387 00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:29,840 Speaker 1: and May Match Factory. The author of the article, Annie Bessant, 388 00:21:29,880 --> 00:21:32,480 Speaker 1: had heard about the working conditions in the factory at 389 00:21:32,480 --> 00:21:36,320 Speaker 1: a socialist meeting Match workers had attended and testified to 390 00:21:36,359 --> 00:21:39,720 Speaker 1: their treatments. Annie had also heard about the enormous profits 391 00:21:39,760 --> 00:21:42,639 Speaker 1: the Bryants were making on their merchandise and the dividends 392 00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:45,360 Speaker 1: they were paying out to their shareholders, so she set 393 00:21:45,359 --> 00:21:48,760 Speaker 1: out to investigate. What she found was even worse than 394 00:21:48,800 --> 00:21:52,240 Speaker 1: she had feared. Not only were the women and girls 395 00:21:52,280 --> 00:21:56,160 Speaker 1: working in the factory being paid barely starvation wages, they 396 00:21:56,160 --> 00:21:59,920 Speaker 1: were also suffering a condition known as Fossey jaw because 397 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:02,760 Speaker 1: the Brian's in May match factory was making their matches 398 00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:06,680 Speaker 1: with white phosphorus. Here's Dr Louise Rat to tell us more. 399 00:22:07,800 --> 00:22:11,000 Speaker 1: If it caught hold of your teeth, as the women said, 400 00:22:11,080 --> 00:22:14,040 Speaker 1: if it got into your jaw bone often threw holes 401 00:22:14,080 --> 00:22:16,399 Speaker 1: in your teeth because you couldn't afford the dentist in 402 00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:20,199 Speaker 1: those days, it would start to rot and decay your bone. 403 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:27,240 Speaker 1: So you're alive, but you've got this horrible, separating, stinking abscesses. Sorry, 404 00:22:27,240 --> 00:22:30,880 Speaker 1: I thing was just eaten in your gun and pieces 405 00:22:30,880 --> 00:22:33,800 Speaker 1: of bone, your own bone. You're spitting them out there, 406 00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:36,920 Speaker 1: working their way out through these abscesses. As if all 407 00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:40,200 Speaker 1: of this wasn't bad enough, Brian and May constantly made 408 00:22:40,200 --> 00:22:42,879 Speaker 1: it worse. And one of the reasons they made it 409 00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:45,200 Speaker 1: was was they should have provided a separate dining room 410 00:22:45,359 --> 00:22:48,200 Speaker 1: so that women could eat out of the fumes, eat 411 00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:50,359 Speaker 1: their own food. By the way, Branton May weren't going 412 00:22:50,400 --> 00:22:53,359 Speaker 1: to provide them with a single crumb, but perhaps their 413 00:22:53,400 --> 00:22:55,879 Speaker 1: own bit of stale bread if they were lucky that 414 00:22:55,920 --> 00:22:58,280 Speaker 1: they brought him for home. So they would set it 415 00:22:58,280 --> 00:23:01,600 Speaker 1: on their work bench until it was time to eat, 416 00:23:02,040 --> 00:23:04,560 Speaker 1: and then crammicked out as quickly as they could when 417 00:23:04,560 --> 00:23:07,480 Speaker 1: they could. And if you imagine, the phosphorus pass coals 418 00:23:07,520 --> 00:23:10,560 Speaker 1: in the air have settled now on your lunch, so 419 00:23:10,600 --> 00:23:15,639 Speaker 1: you've got deadly seasoning, and so it's immediately in your mouth, 420 00:23:16,000 --> 00:23:20,399 Speaker 1: and it's got away into your guns. Did Bryant and 421 00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:22,920 Speaker 1: May try to take care of the workers who developed 422 00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:26,440 Speaker 1: this condition. Far from it. It's true that they didn't 423 00:23:26,440 --> 00:23:29,560 Speaker 1: want their workers to have fossy jaw, but they had 424 00:23:29,560 --> 00:23:32,080 Speaker 1: a way to brush the problem under the rug. Instead 425 00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:35,040 Speaker 1: of changing their ways, they simply change their workers. If 426 00:23:35,080 --> 00:23:37,760 Speaker 1: one of the managers saw a woman showing symptoms, that 427 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:40,840 Speaker 1: worker was simply turned out on the street. And Bryant 428 00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:43,560 Speaker 1: and May could continue to say, there is no fossy 429 00:23:43,680 --> 00:23:46,680 Speaker 1: jaw here. But of course the women who worked in 430 00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:49,480 Speaker 1: their factory weren't blind to any of this. They saw 431 00:23:49,480 --> 00:23:53,040 Speaker 1: it happening over and over, and they got angrier and angrier. 432 00:23:53,440 --> 00:23:56,679 Speaker 1: When Annie Bessent came around and started asking questions. Some 433 00:23:56,800 --> 00:23:58,880 Speaker 1: of them were only too happy to tell her all 434 00:23:58,920 --> 00:24:03,080 Speaker 1: about it. When her article hit the paper, Annie made 435 00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:05,879 Speaker 1: sure that Bryant and May themselves got a copy. She 436 00:24:06,040 --> 00:24:08,640 Speaker 1: sent them a telegram saying that they would be very 437 00:24:08,680 --> 00:24:11,720 Speaker 1: interested in the day's news. Her goal, it seems, was 438 00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:15,600 Speaker 1: to provoke them into suing her for libel. Annie had 439 00:24:15,640 --> 00:24:18,479 Speaker 1: been hoping that, like the maid in Tribute story, this 440 00:24:18,520 --> 00:24:21,600 Speaker 1: would somehow find its way into court. Then she could 441 00:24:21,680 --> 00:24:24,920 Speaker 1: stand and testify before the magistrates and the public about 442 00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:27,800 Speaker 1: the plight of the London poor. But there were two 443 00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:30,840 Speaker 1: things that she didn't count on. One was the cruelty 444 00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:34,680 Speaker 1: of the factory bosses, and the other was the courage 445 00:24:34,680 --> 00:24:43,720 Speaker 1: of the women Under their thumb. They started with threats. 446 00:24:44,600 --> 00:24:47,480 Speaker 1: The word went out throughout the matchworks. The Bryants wanted 447 00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:49,560 Speaker 1: to know who had talked. They thought that if they 448 00:24:49,560 --> 00:24:52,080 Speaker 1: could figure out who was telling Annie Bessent about the 449 00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:54,800 Speaker 1: conditions of their factory, they could put the problem to rest. 450 00:24:55,280 --> 00:24:58,720 Speaker 1: Fire those women scare the rest into silence that would 451 00:24:58,800 --> 00:25:01,640 Speaker 1: keep the matches going out and the money coming in. 452 00:25:02,560 --> 00:25:05,119 Speaker 1: They didn't care enough about Annie Bessont to sue her 453 00:25:05,160 --> 00:25:07,919 Speaker 1: for libel, and as she was fond of remarking. They 454 00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:11,520 Speaker 1: knew that they wouldn't win, Plus she wasn't under their power, 455 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:14,119 Speaker 1: so they decided their best course of action was to 456 00:25:14,160 --> 00:25:17,920 Speaker 1: take it out on their employees. But if you're getting 457 00:25:17,920 --> 00:25:20,479 Speaker 1: to understand the spirit of the match women, you know 458 00:25:20,720 --> 00:25:23,960 Speaker 1: they wouldn't take that quietly. They kept talking. In fact, 459 00:25:24,040 --> 00:25:26,479 Speaker 1: they told Annie Besson about the efforts to shut them up, 460 00:25:26,840 --> 00:25:31,000 Speaker 1: and she published that too, so a real crackdown began. 461 00:25:31,520 --> 00:25:33,560 Speaker 1: Even as the Bryants were telling the press that the 462 00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:36,320 Speaker 1: news was lies and that the unrest in their factory 463 00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:39,800 Speaker 1: was the result of outside agitators like Annie Bessant upsetting 464 00:25:39,800 --> 00:25:43,440 Speaker 1: their happy employees. They went about identifying the women inside 465 00:25:43,440 --> 00:25:46,040 Speaker 1: the factories who they thought were truly to blame. They 466 00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:49,320 Speaker 1: made a list of so called troublemakers, and they started 467 00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:52,160 Speaker 1: to freeze them out, sending them home day after day, 468 00:25:52,160 --> 00:25:54,560 Speaker 1: telling them that there wasn't enough work for them to do. 469 00:25:56,160 --> 00:25:58,080 Speaker 1: But they knew that they had to do more than that. 470 00:25:58,520 --> 00:26:00,560 Speaker 1: They might not be ready to win a able suit 471 00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:03,680 Speaker 1: against Annie Bessent, but they certainly had a public relations 472 00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:06,280 Speaker 1: battle on their hands, so they drafted up a statement 473 00:26:06,320 --> 00:26:09,159 Speaker 1: for the match women to sign. Here's dr Louise Ra 474 00:26:09,440 --> 00:26:14,720 Speaker 1: once again. What they do is to gather together the 475 00:26:14,760 --> 00:26:18,720 Speaker 1: workers give them preprinted statesments which are laid around in 476 00:26:18,760 --> 00:26:21,959 Speaker 1: every work for him by the foreman, which pre prepared, 477 00:26:22,000 --> 00:26:23,920 Speaker 1: and they say, you know, we love working for Brian 478 00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,600 Speaker 1: to May. They're wonderful employers. We don't mind about the FOSSi. 479 00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:29,520 Speaker 1: Jordan didn't actually say that, but this is the idea 480 00:26:29,720 --> 00:26:33,159 Speaker 1: they're supposed to say. This journalist has lied. Nothing she 481 00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:36,040 Speaker 1: said is true. We couldn't be happier. And they know 482 00:26:36,119 --> 00:26:39,800 Speaker 1: they'll be sacked if they don't sign those papers, and 483 00:26:39,800 --> 00:26:43,160 Speaker 1: they need their jobs, they need them desperately, but they refuse. 484 00:26:43,560 --> 00:26:45,760 Speaker 1: Every single one of these women are so proud of them, 485 00:26:46,440 --> 00:26:50,600 Speaker 1: refuses to sign. And when the foreman come back into 486 00:26:50,640 --> 00:26:54,239 Speaker 1: the room, there are these blank sheets of paper and 487 00:26:54,320 --> 00:26:58,760 Speaker 1: they are absolutely lived. That's when they decided to make 488 00:26:58,800 --> 00:27:02,159 Speaker 1: an example of one men on a pretext. She was fired. 489 00:27:02,560 --> 00:27:04,639 Speaker 1: The managers hoped that this would bring the rest of 490 00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:09,399 Speaker 1: them in line, but the plan backfired as one the 491 00:27:09,440 --> 00:27:14,000 Speaker 1: women laid down their tools, wipe their hands on their aprons, 492 00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:20,200 Speaker 1: and stream out of these imposing gates of the fair 493 00:27:20,280 --> 00:27:24,960 Speaker 1: Field Works Match factory onto the Fairfield Road and onto 494 00:27:25,080 --> 00:27:29,360 Speaker 1: the Bow Road. They swung into action. They had an 495 00:27:29,359 --> 00:27:34,400 Speaker 1: election there at the gates, and they elected six women 496 00:27:34,880 --> 00:27:39,040 Speaker 1: from all the major significant workshops within the factory, one 497 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:41,840 Speaker 1: from each to go back in and put their demands. 498 00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:44,960 Speaker 1: So instantly they walked back in and they confront the directors. 499 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:47,720 Speaker 1: I can just imagine how this went down, and said, right, 500 00:27:48,080 --> 00:27:51,720 Speaker 1: we'll come back, but only if you let us form 501 00:27:51,760 --> 00:27:54,720 Speaker 1: a union. Belove me. They were not bright and they 502 00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:58,520 Speaker 1: were not expecting that, and they made their demands clear. 503 00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:02,200 Speaker 1: They wanted better hey, they wanted a separate dining room 504 00:28:02,280 --> 00:28:05,119 Speaker 1: for their food. They wanted to live decent lives for 505 00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:09,000 Speaker 1: the work they were doing. Seeing only six women before them, 506 00:28:09,040 --> 00:28:12,000 Speaker 1: the directors of the match factory scoffed, but the strike 507 00:28:12,119 --> 00:28:14,760 Speaker 1: was on. As each new wave of women finished their 508 00:28:14,800 --> 00:28:17,359 Speaker 1: shifts at the factory, they were met outside by the 509 00:28:17,400 --> 00:28:20,520 Speaker 1: strike leaders. One of them was Mary Driscoll, who we 510 00:28:20,600 --> 00:28:23,520 Speaker 1: met last time. She was clever enough to find a 511 00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:26,080 Speaker 1: way for her family to get help from the Salvation Army. 512 00:28:26,440 --> 00:28:28,959 Speaker 1: Now she was putting her clever thinking to use by 513 00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:31,639 Speaker 1: finding a way for the working women to help themselves. 514 00:28:32,119 --> 00:28:34,760 Speaker 1: By the end of the day, over one thousand women 515 00:28:34,800 --> 00:28:37,640 Speaker 1: were on strike, Bryant and May had more on their 516 00:28:37,680 --> 00:28:41,200 Speaker 1: hands than they had bargained for. The striking women marched 517 00:28:41,200 --> 00:28:44,120 Speaker 1: through the East End like a salvation army band, singing 518 00:28:44,160 --> 00:28:46,560 Speaker 1: at the top of their lungs. East Enders, with a 519 00:28:46,560 --> 00:28:49,760 Speaker 1: little cash despair started pooling their money to support them 520 00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:52,880 Speaker 1: for their days without wages. It took some time for 521 00:28:52,960 --> 00:28:56,440 Speaker 1: outside support to reach them. Even Annie Bessent lagged behind. 522 00:28:56,960 --> 00:28:59,080 Speaker 1: At first. She was still waiting for a notice of 523 00:28:59,120 --> 00:29:02,360 Speaker 1: a libel suit to acquire her appearance in court. Appearing 524 00:29:02,400 --> 00:29:04,520 Speaker 1: in the streets of the East End beside a column 525 00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:08,040 Speaker 1: of marching women was not what she expected, but soon enough, 526 00:29:08,120 --> 00:29:11,680 Speaker 1: the column of marching women came for her. She was 527 00:29:11,760 --> 00:29:14,120 Speaker 1: working in the upstairs room of her office on Fleet 528 00:29:14,160 --> 00:29:16,760 Speaker 1: Streets in central London when a voice called out to 529 00:29:16,800 --> 00:29:19,320 Speaker 1: her there were some women who wanted to meet her, 530 00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:22,160 Speaker 1: and those some women turned out to be a group 531 00:29:22,160 --> 00:29:25,040 Speaker 1: of one hundred, with Mary Driscoll and the other strike 532 00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:27,760 Speaker 1: leaders at their head. It was the first Annie had 533 00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:30,080 Speaker 1: heard of a strike that had begun two days before, 534 00:29:30,480 --> 00:29:32,720 Speaker 1: but she was ready to turn her pen into support 535 00:29:32,760 --> 00:29:36,520 Speaker 1: for them once again. Annie Bessant wasn't the only one 536 00:29:36,560 --> 00:29:39,440 Speaker 1: writing for their cause, though, soon enough, the Star was 537 00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:42,480 Speaker 1: publishing a series of reports and interviews with the matchwomen. 538 00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:45,280 Speaker 1: They organized meetings with guest speakers who would cheer on 539 00:29:45,320 --> 00:29:48,640 Speaker 1: their efforts and suggest what to do next. The organizer 540 00:29:48,680 --> 00:29:52,000 Speaker 1: of the local Jewish tailor's union thundered so forcefully that 541 00:29:52,040 --> 00:29:56,120 Speaker 1: he was arrested for agitating. Word of the strike reached 542 00:29:56,120 --> 00:29:58,640 Speaker 1: as high as the halls of Parliament, where the Bryant's 543 00:29:58,760 --> 00:30:02,560 Speaker 1: ordinarily expected their interests to be served. Soon enough, though, 544 00:30:02,680 --> 00:30:05,400 Speaker 1: Mary Driscoll and a committee of fifty match women marched 545 00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:08,440 Speaker 1: into appear before that hallowed assembly and make their case. 546 00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:14,160 Speaker 1: Here's Dr Louise Raw once more. The women march to 547 00:30:14,240 --> 00:30:16,920 Speaker 1: Parliament and this is where people are so shocked to 548 00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:21,320 Speaker 1: see these poor girls out of their area that they 549 00:30:21,360 --> 00:30:23,880 Speaker 1: get shouted at. You know, can't stop in the street. 550 00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:25,560 Speaker 1: Things are thrown at them, what on earth are you doing? 551 00:30:25,600 --> 00:30:27,680 Speaker 1: Get back to the East End. But they won't. They 552 00:30:27,720 --> 00:30:30,000 Speaker 1: hold their heads high and when they're finally in with 553 00:30:30,040 --> 00:30:34,560 Speaker 1: the MPs again, this fascinating clash of classes. The MP's 554 00:30:34,560 --> 00:30:37,680 Speaker 1: are probably never sat and talked to an Eastern woman 555 00:30:38,320 --> 00:30:40,520 Speaker 1: on an equal basis, or a working class women, so 556 00:30:40,640 --> 00:30:44,280 Speaker 1: this really hits them where they live. These MPs have 557 00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:46,959 Speaker 1: invested in Brian and May. This is all rather embarrassing, 558 00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:50,480 Speaker 1: isn't it. Liberal MPs who were supposed to support the poor, 559 00:30:50,760 --> 00:30:53,480 Speaker 1: and yet they're profiting off this. They tell them about 560 00:30:53,480 --> 00:30:56,520 Speaker 1: for Seguel, and the MPs are impressed that they're so 561 00:30:56,640 --> 00:31:01,880 Speaker 1: intelligent and so eloquent. They call for an independent investigation 562 00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:06,880 Speaker 1: into conditions at the factory. And this investigation shows that, 563 00:31:07,880 --> 00:31:11,520 Speaker 1: or any bestness, that wasn't quite right, because actually conditions 564 00:31:11,560 --> 00:31:15,240 Speaker 1: are worse. The company fought back, though they fought in 565 00:31:15,280 --> 00:31:17,720 Speaker 1: the press. They fought in the back rooms and the 566 00:31:17,760 --> 00:31:20,280 Speaker 1: dining rooms where they were accustomed to making their deals. 567 00:31:20,720 --> 00:31:23,320 Speaker 1: But with the women campaigning across the city and in 568 00:31:23,360 --> 00:31:26,440 Speaker 1: those same halls of government, the playing field was finally 569 00:31:26,520 --> 00:31:29,520 Speaker 1: just a little closer to level. And with the reports 570 00:31:29,520 --> 00:31:32,160 Speaker 1: of a commission in hand and their stock prices plummeting, 571 00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:35,200 Speaker 1: there was little Bryant could do but concede. They gave 572 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:38,040 Speaker 1: in to the demand for a safer workspace. They gave 573 00:31:38,120 --> 00:31:40,640 Speaker 1: into the demand to share more profits with the women 574 00:31:40,680 --> 00:31:44,640 Speaker 1: who did the work. The Matchwomen's Union was formed and 575 00:31:44,680 --> 00:31:49,040 Speaker 1: the strike was one in many ways, the achievement of 576 00:31:49,080 --> 00:31:52,240 Speaker 1: Mary Driskell and the other striking match Women was overshadowed 577 00:31:52,280 --> 00:31:55,240 Speaker 1: by the events of the next few months. Reporters turned 578 00:31:55,240 --> 00:31:58,080 Speaker 1: their creative energies to chronicling the violence of a killer 579 00:31:58,320 --> 00:32:01,000 Speaker 1: and telling the stories of the East End women he targeted. 580 00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:04,800 Speaker 1: But Mary driscoll story was far from over, and, as 581 00:32:04,840 --> 00:32:07,400 Speaker 1: will soon see, the threat of Jack the Ripper was 582 00:32:07,440 --> 00:32:10,160 Speaker 1: headed toward the Matchwomen, who were finally laying claim to 583 00:32:10,200 --> 00:32:13,960 Speaker 1: their neighborhood and making their workplace their own. But their 584 00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:18,600 Speaker 1: meeting wouldn't be a happy one. Instead, it would be 585 00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:27,880 Speaker 1: a collision. The match Women had won their fight. It 586 00:32:27,920 --> 00:32:30,520 Speaker 1: wasn't an easy battle, but it showed what was possible 587 00:32:30,560 --> 00:32:32,760 Speaker 1: when the working women of the East End stood together 588 00:32:32,960 --> 00:32:36,400 Speaker 1: and stood up for themselves. But if they're struggled to 589 00:32:36,440 --> 00:32:39,000 Speaker 1: have some say over their workplace had them going head 590 00:32:39,040 --> 00:32:41,680 Speaker 1: to head with the factory bosses. It wasn't the only 591 00:32:41,800 --> 00:32:45,560 Speaker 1: territorial battle with major implications for the East End because 592 00:32:45,560 --> 00:32:48,360 Speaker 1: the murder in Miter Square brought the City of London 593 00:32:48,400 --> 00:32:52,160 Speaker 1: police into the murder investigation. Now, if you're not a 594 00:32:52,160 --> 00:32:54,840 Speaker 1: Londoner and already familiar with the ins and outs of 595 00:32:54,840 --> 00:32:58,360 Speaker 1: the city, here's the confusing part. The City of London 596 00:32:58,400 --> 00:33:02,280 Speaker 1: Police is not the same thing as the London Metropolitan Police. 597 00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:05,960 Speaker 1: The Metropolitan Forces are the police we've already met the 598 00:33:06,120 --> 00:33:09,960 Speaker 1: officers patrolling Whitechapel under the command of Charles Warren. They 599 00:33:09,960 --> 00:33:13,120 Speaker 1: answered to the Home Office, as did Warren himself. They 600 00:33:13,120 --> 00:33:16,280 Speaker 1: were the force organized by Robert Peel in eighteen twenty nine, 601 00:33:17,120 --> 00:33:19,320 Speaker 1: but Peel had left the center of the city out 602 00:33:19,360 --> 00:33:22,480 Speaker 1: of his new force. It was a political move and 603 00:33:22,520 --> 00:33:25,440 Speaker 1: it worked. It got his bill passed. The City of 604 00:33:25,520 --> 00:33:28,920 Speaker 1: London Police was formed ten years later. It used Peel's 605 00:33:28,920 --> 00:33:32,000 Speaker 1: model to organize the force, but kept it entirely separate. 606 00:33:32,400 --> 00:33:34,880 Speaker 1: It was funded and run by the City of London, 607 00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:37,560 Speaker 1: and it had its own commissioner and operated under the 608 00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:41,320 Speaker 1: authority of London's Lord Mayor. It had no obligation, at 609 00:33:41,360 --> 00:33:43,960 Speaker 1: least according to the law, to report to the Home 610 00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:48,680 Speaker 1: Office or share information with the Metropolitan Police. So you 611 00:33:48,720 --> 00:33:51,480 Speaker 1: can imagine what sort of trouble this caused. Right from 612 00:33:51,480 --> 00:33:55,280 Speaker 1: the very start in the eighteen thirties, investigators, judges and 613 00:33:55,440 --> 00:33:59,400 Speaker 1: London citizens recognized that the two jurisdictions were played against 614 00:33:59,400 --> 00:34:02,760 Speaker 1: each other. Someone set on committing a crime could carry 615 00:34:02,760 --> 00:34:06,200 Speaker 1: out their plan and then slip across the border, moving 616 00:34:06,240 --> 00:34:09,240 Speaker 1: from jurisdiction of one force into the territory of another. 617 00:34:10,160 --> 00:34:13,280 Speaker 1: Not that this always worked. One was no more aware 618 00:34:13,280 --> 00:34:16,040 Speaker 1: of the challenges presented by this arrangement than the two 619 00:34:16,040 --> 00:34:19,840 Speaker 1: police departments themselves, and when Donald Swanson would later report 620 00:34:19,880 --> 00:34:22,360 Speaker 1: on the investigation, he would say that the efforts of 621 00:34:22,400 --> 00:34:25,720 Speaker 1: the City Police merged with his own investigation quite easily, 622 00:34:26,120 --> 00:34:30,799 Speaker 1: with each force cordially communicating to the other daily. But 623 00:34:30,920 --> 00:34:33,000 Speaker 1: that's not what it looked like. In the early morning 624 00:34:33,040 --> 00:34:37,160 Speaker 1: hours of September. Constable Edward Watkins was a City of 625 00:34:37,239 --> 00:34:40,640 Speaker 1: London police officer. The backup he called for was the same. 626 00:34:41,000 --> 00:34:43,440 Speaker 1: When they spread out to begin chasing evidence of Katherine 627 00:34:43,480 --> 00:34:47,560 Speaker 1: Etto's killer. They went into Whitechapel, crossing into the jurisdiction 628 00:34:47,640 --> 00:34:51,439 Speaker 1: of the Metropolitan Forces. One detective, who had been out 629 00:34:51,440 --> 00:34:54,600 Speaker 1: in playing clothes, took Wentworth Street to Golston Street, but 630 00:34:54,719 --> 00:34:57,600 Speaker 1: didn't see anything of notes and turned back. He joined 631 00:34:57,600 --> 00:35:00,920 Speaker 1: the doctors examining Catherine's body and belonging, and as he 632 00:35:01,000 --> 00:35:03,320 Speaker 1: did he realized that the apron she had been wearing 633 00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:07,480 Speaker 1: was cut a piece of it was missing. It was 634 00:35:07,520 --> 00:35:10,680 Speaker 1: now almost three in the morning, and a Metropolitan constable 635 00:35:10,760 --> 00:35:13,279 Speaker 1: was patrolling Galston Street, where the detective had been a 636 00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:15,840 Speaker 1: half hour before. In the light of his lamp, he 637 00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:18,680 Speaker 1: spotted something that his previous rounds had not turned up. 638 00:35:19,120 --> 00:35:21,920 Speaker 1: At the opening of some model dwellings, a scrap of 639 00:35:21,960 --> 00:35:25,480 Speaker 1: apron lay on the ground, covered in blood, and above it, 640 00:35:25,640 --> 00:35:28,400 Speaker 1: on the wall in white chalk, where scrawled the words 641 00:35:28,960 --> 00:35:31,560 Speaker 1: the Jews are the men that will not be blamed 642 00:35:31,600 --> 00:35:36,239 Speaker 1: for nothing. It was strange enough that the constable reported it. 643 00:35:36,560 --> 00:35:38,719 Speaker 1: He called for backup to guard the writing, and he 644 00:35:38,760 --> 00:35:41,000 Speaker 1: took the piece of apron to the police station, where 645 00:35:41,040 --> 00:35:43,640 Speaker 1: he handed it to Dr Phillips, the surgeon who had 646 00:35:43,680 --> 00:35:47,320 Speaker 1: been examining Liz Stride for a moment. Word passed swiftly. 647 00:35:47,719 --> 00:35:50,200 Speaker 1: Soon enough, the city police detectives were on their way 648 00:35:50,239 --> 00:35:52,800 Speaker 1: to confirm that the scrap of bloody cloth was taken 649 00:35:52,880 --> 00:35:57,200 Speaker 1: from Catherine's clothes, but the chalk writing was something altogether. 650 00:35:57,640 --> 00:36:00,120 Speaker 1: City detectives arrived at the spot where the scrap of 651 00:36:00,160 --> 00:36:02,560 Speaker 1: apron was found, and they saw the writing on the wall. 652 00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:05,200 Speaker 1: They thought that it should be photographed, so one of 653 00:36:05,239 --> 00:36:08,480 Speaker 1: them sent for their superintendent. When he heard he immediately 654 00:36:08,480 --> 00:36:11,719 Speaker 1: gave the order to photograph the scene, but word had 655 00:36:11,760 --> 00:36:15,560 Speaker 1: also gone up through the Metropolitan ranks. Charles Warren, himself, 656 00:36:15,719 --> 00:36:19,600 Speaker 1: Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, was at the nearest police station, 657 00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:21,759 Speaker 1: where he was being briefed on the events of the night. 658 00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:24,400 Speaker 1: Word came to him that two clues had been found 659 00:36:24,400 --> 00:36:26,839 Speaker 1: on Galston Street, so he set out to see it 660 00:36:26,880 --> 00:36:31,200 Speaker 1: for himself. He arrived before the Superintendent of the City 661 00:36:31,200 --> 00:36:34,880 Speaker 1: Police and he consulted with his officers. Liz Stride had 662 00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:38,759 Speaker 1: been killed outside a Jewish socialist club. Katherine Eddoes had 663 00:36:38,760 --> 00:36:42,080 Speaker 1: been accosted and murdered behind the Great Synagogue on Miter Street. 664 00:36:42,600 --> 00:36:46,360 Speaker 1: Now this message was scrawled on the wall. As Warren 665 00:36:46,360 --> 00:36:48,719 Speaker 1: would later write, it seemed obvious to him that it 666 00:36:48,760 --> 00:36:52,240 Speaker 1: was written with the intention of inflaming the public mind 667 00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:55,880 Speaker 1: against the Jews. After all, the neighborhood was always crowded 668 00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:59,640 Speaker 1: on Sunday mornings by Jewish vendors and Christian shoppers from 669 00:36:59,640 --> 00:37:04,040 Speaker 1: all for London. Charles Warren's officers were standing by with 670 00:37:04,080 --> 00:37:07,640 Speaker 1: a sponge. They worried that if the graffiti became publicly known, 671 00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:11,319 Speaker 1: the racist fury already stirred up by the star might 672 00:37:11,360 --> 00:37:15,320 Speaker 1: be unleashed, so Warren gave the order. By the time 673 00:37:15,320 --> 00:37:18,799 Speaker 1: the city police returned with instructions to photograph the message, 674 00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:22,560 Speaker 1: the writing on the wall at Gulston Street had been 675 00:37:22,600 --> 00:37:28,439 Speaker 1: scrubbed away. That's it for this week's episode of Unobscured. 676 00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:32,280 Speaker 1: Stick around after this short sponsor break for a preview 677 00:37:32,400 --> 00:37:40,120 Speaker 1: of what's in store for next week. The irony wasn't 678 00:37:40,160 --> 00:37:43,520 Speaker 1: lost on London journalists that the commissioner who had muzzled 679 00:37:43,560 --> 00:37:45,959 Speaker 1: the dogs of London was now trying to use those 680 00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:48,759 Speaker 1: dogs to solve a crime. But the journalist who had 681 00:37:48,760 --> 00:37:52,120 Speaker 1: witnessed the trial didn't have any of that criticism, only 682 00:37:52,160 --> 00:37:55,160 Speaker 1: hope in what might come next, and that hope made 683 00:37:55,160 --> 00:37:58,400 Speaker 1: it into the papers that the murderer's cunning will not 684 00:37:58,520 --> 00:38:01,399 Speaker 1: avail him against the your hounds that will be laid 685 00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:05,560 Speaker 1: on his track, and soon, they claimed, London would ring 686 00:38:05,600 --> 00:38:08,640 Speaker 1: with the news of his capture. It was one of 687 00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:11,920 Speaker 1: the few hopeful voices in a storm of confusion and 688 00:38:12,040 --> 00:38:15,000 Speaker 1: righteous anger at the police of London who had failed 689 00:38:15,040 --> 00:38:17,359 Speaker 1: for months to catch a killer who seemed to be 690 00:38:17,400 --> 00:38:22,000 Speaker 1: slaughtering with impunity. But as you might guess, those hopes 691 00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:43,240 Speaker 1: we're false. Lon Obscured was created by me Aaron Manky 692 00:38:43,440 --> 00:38:46,680 Speaker 1: and produced by Matt Frederick, Alex Williams, and Josh Thane 693 00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:50,160 Speaker 1: in partnership with I Heart Radio. Research and writing for 694 00:38:50,200 --> 00:38:52,359 Speaker 1: this season is all the work of my right hand 695 00:38:52,360 --> 00:38:55,600 Speaker 1: man Carl Nellis and the brilliant Chad Lawson composed the 696 00:38:55,640 --> 00:38:59,880 Speaker 1: brand new soundtrack. Learn more about our contributing historians, source 697 00:39:00,040 --> 00:39:03,120 Speaker 1: material and links to our other shows over at history 698 00:39:03,200 --> 00:39:08,200 Speaker 1: unobscured dot com, and until next time, thanks for listening. 699 00:39:15,640 --> 00:39:18,360 Speaker 1: Unobscured is a production of I Heart Radio and Aaron Minkey. 700 00:39:18,440 --> 00:39:21,000 Speaker 1: For more podcasts for My heart Radio, visit i heeart Radio, app, 701 00:39:21,080 --> 00:39:23,560 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. 702 00:39:25,160 --> 00:39:25,200 Speaker 1: H