1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,000 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class. It's a production of I 2 00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:07,720 Speaker 1: Heart Radio hi um Eve's Welcome to This Day in 3 00:00:07,800 --> 00:00:10,720 Speaker 1: History Class, a show that reveals a little bit more 4 00:00:10,720 --> 00:00:24,319 Speaker 1: about history day by day. Today is July. The day 5 00:00:24,360 --> 00:00:30,840 Speaker 1: was July. Members of the National Convention, which was the 6 00:00:30,840 --> 00:00:36,400 Speaker 1: assembly that governed France, arrested Maximilian Robespierre and leaders of 7 00:00:36,400 --> 00:00:40,680 Speaker 1: the Paris City government. This incident was called the Thermidorian 8 00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:43,839 Speaker 1: Reaction because it happened in the month of Thermidor in 9 00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:47,000 Speaker 1: the French Republican calendar one that was used during the 10 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:51,480 Speaker 1: French Revolution. This day on the French Republican calendar wasn't 11 00:00:51,640 --> 00:00:56,120 Speaker 1: nine Thermidor year two. The Reign of Terror was the 12 00:00:56,240 --> 00:00:59,280 Speaker 1: nearly one year period during the French Revolution when the 13 00:00:59,320 --> 00:01:02,920 Speaker 1: revolutionary a government took extreme measures against people who were 14 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:07,520 Speaker 1: suspected of being enemies of the revolution. On September five, 15 00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:12,720 Speaker 1: the National Convention declared that quote terror is the order 16 00:01:12,760 --> 00:01:15,600 Speaker 1: of the day, and proceeded to shut down opposition to 17 00:01:15,640 --> 00:01:20,840 Speaker 1: the revolution by arresting and executing counter revolutionaries, controlling prices 18 00:01:20,959 --> 00:01:25,200 Speaker 1: in confiscating land. The Committee of Public Safety was the 19 00:01:25,240 --> 00:01:28,640 Speaker 1: body that was set up in April of seventeen to 20 00:01:28,800 --> 00:01:33,400 Speaker 1: deal with France's foreign and domestic enemies and to oversee 21 00:01:33,440 --> 00:01:38,280 Speaker 1: the government. Maximilian Rospierre was the most prominent member of 22 00:01:38,280 --> 00:01:41,920 Speaker 1: the Committee which formed the de facto executive government in 23 00:01:41,959 --> 00:01:47,480 Speaker 1: France during the Reign of Terror. On June tenth, the 24 00:01:47,520 --> 00:01:51,280 Speaker 1: Committee passed a law that required the Revolutionary Tribunal to 25 00:01:51,360 --> 00:01:55,120 Speaker 1: choose a verdict of either acquittal or death for a suspect. 26 00:01:56,240 --> 00:01:58,800 Speaker 1: The period from the enactment of this law to the 27 00:01:58,800 --> 00:02:03,120 Speaker 1: Thermidorian reaction became known as the Great Terror, as the 28 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:07,280 Speaker 1: number of executions increased a lot. The Reign of Terror 29 00:02:07,360 --> 00:02:10,280 Speaker 1: had been validated by the argument that it was necessary 30 00:02:10,600 --> 00:02:13,960 Speaker 1: due to immediate military threats, but even though the tyranny 31 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:18,440 Speaker 1: was getting worse, the republic was not in immediate danger. Still, 32 00:02:18,639 --> 00:02:22,520 Speaker 1: Robespierre continued to denounce people as traitors and proclaim his 33 00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:26,760 Speaker 1: own integrity. But after the assassinations of Jean Paul Marat 34 00:02:27,160 --> 00:02:31,360 Speaker 1: and the executions of Jacques Albert, George Danton and Camille 35 00:02:31,400 --> 00:02:36,000 Speaker 1: des Moulan, Maximilian Rosepierre did not have much real political power. 36 00:02:37,200 --> 00:02:40,280 Speaker 1: His power was mainly in the Jacobin Club, a political 37 00:02:40,320 --> 00:02:44,519 Speaker 1: group that was instrumental in the Reign of Terror. Robespierre 38 00:02:44,560 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 1: became the target of many conspiracies, some formed for ideological reasons, 39 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:56,760 Speaker 1: others for practical and personal reasons. On July, these conspiracies 40 00:02:56,760 --> 00:03:00,639 Speaker 1: converged when members of the National Convention denounced the tyranny 41 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:06,200 Speaker 1: of Robespierre and ordered the arrest of Robespierre and his followers. He, 42 00:03:06,800 --> 00:03:11,399 Speaker 1: his brother Augustine, and his allies Francois en Rio, George Couteau, 43 00:03:11,760 --> 00:03:17,160 Speaker 1: and Louis Antoine Leon du Saint Juice were arrested. Robespierre 44 00:03:17,240 --> 00:03:20,440 Speaker 1: and his supporters were declared outlaws, which meant they would 45 00:03:20,480 --> 00:03:25,400 Speaker 1: be executed without judicial process. Paris Commune troops failed to 46 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:29,280 Speaker 1: free robes Pierre and his followers, and the National Convention 47 00:03:29,320 --> 00:03:35,240 Speaker 1: troops easily seized them. On July. Robespierre and twenty one 48 00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:39,720 Speaker 1: of his allies were guillotined. More than a hundred supporters 49 00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:43,480 Speaker 1: of Robespierre were executed over the next few days. The 50 00:03:43,560 --> 00:03:47,360 Speaker 1: reign of terror had ended, but the executions triggered more 51 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:52,120 Speaker 1: unrest and violence. Jacobins and people with connections to Robespierre 52 00:03:52,200 --> 00:03:56,360 Speaker 1: were targeted, put on trial without due process, or massacred. 53 00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:00,520 Speaker 1: The period characterized by these attacks became an known as 54 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:04,600 Speaker 1: the White Terror. The attacks were largely carried out by 55 00:04:04,600 --> 00:04:07,920 Speaker 1: the moose kata or street fighters, as well as people 56 00:04:07,960 --> 00:04:11,560 Speaker 1: who were close to victims of the Great Terror. The 57 00:04:11,560 --> 00:04:16,400 Speaker 1: Thermidorian reaction also catalyzed in economic crisis and working people 58 00:04:16,480 --> 00:04:22,640 Speaker 1: were facing harsh conditions. Instead of implementing the Constitution of sevente, 59 00:04:23,080 --> 00:04:27,000 Speaker 1: the Thermidorians drew up a new constitution called the Constitution 60 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:31,159 Speaker 1: of the Year three. It established a liberal republic with 61 00:04:31,240 --> 00:04:35,839 Speaker 1: a franchise based on the payment of taxes, a bicameral legislature, 62 00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:40,760 Speaker 1: and a five man executive directory the new regime. The 63 00:04:40,839 --> 00:04:46,680 Speaker 1: directory replaced the Convention and November of and lasted four years. 64 00:04:48,200 --> 00:04:51,040 Speaker 1: I'm Eve Jeffcote and hopefully you know a little more 65 00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:55,360 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. And today is 66 00:04:55,400 --> 00:04:58,400 Speaker 1: a very special day on this date in history class 67 00:04:58,440 --> 00:05:01,240 Speaker 1: because it is our producer Tambler a maze of birthday. 68 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:04,920 Speaker 1: Everybody can send him all the birthday wishes and thanks 69 00:05:04,920 --> 00:05:06,760 Speaker 1: for all the amazing work that he does on this show. 70 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:10,880 Speaker 1: If there are any upcoming days in history that you'd 71 00:05:10,920 --> 00:05:13,160 Speaker 1: really like me to cover on the show, give us 72 00:05:13,160 --> 00:05:17,479 Speaker 1: a shout on social media at t d I h 73 00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:22,240 Speaker 1: C Podcast. Thanks again for listening. And we'll see you tomorrow. 74 00:05:26,480 --> 00:05:28,799 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I heart Radio, visit the iHeart 75 00:05:28,839 --> 00:05:31,320 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 76 00:05:31,320 --> 00:05:32,000 Speaker 1: favorite shows.