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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology with

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Speaker 1: tex Stuff from houstoforoks dot com. This podcast is brought

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Speaker 1: by the idea of singularity, and this is a great

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Speaker 1: com slash tech Stuff. That's Audible podcast dot com slash

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Speaker 1: tech Stuff. Well, Hello, there are kids, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: tech Stuff. My name is Chris Polette and I am

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Speaker 1: an editor at how Stuff Works dot com. Sitting across

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Speaker 1: from me, as is typically the case when we talk

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Speaker 1: about technology and stuff in the studio, that would be

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Speaker 1: senior writer Jonathan Strickland, somewhere in La Mancha, in a

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Speaker 1: place whose name I do not care to remember, a

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Speaker 1: gentleman lived not long ago, one of those who has

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Speaker 1: a lance and ancient shield on a shelf and keeps

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Speaker 1: a skinny nag and a greyhound for racing. Awesome, thank you.

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Speaker 1: I actually know where that comes from. Yeah, yeah, yep,

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Speaker 1: that's a brave New world. Get there, brave New world

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Speaker 1: that's from. I thought that was Beowulf. It was that,

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Speaker 1: you know, that's that's the original first line of Chaucer's

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Speaker 1: Canterbury Tales. It's actually what that is. You didn't recognize

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Speaker 1: it because I didn't use the Middle English. Yeah, okay,

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Speaker 1: all right, well that's no for that. Yeah, this is

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Speaker 1: full of beans this morning. Um. You know, frequently we

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Speaker 1: you know, frequently when we talk about topics on tech stuff, Um,

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Speaker 1: it's either something that's near and dear to our hearts

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Speaker 1: or something specifically that somebody wrote in about and this

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Speaker 1: is this is actually something sort of more toward the former,

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Speaker 1: but it's also something that's hit the headlines, and it's

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Speaker 1: probably near and dear to many of your hearts as well,

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Speaker 1: because the company we're talking about it is going through

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Speaker 1: some very rough times and it's somebody that it made

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Speaker 1: a real difference to really the world. Yeah, we're talking

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Speaker 1: about Kodak here and uh and yeah, Kodak has made

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Speaker 1: a huge impact on technology, on photography in general, especially

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Speaker 1: when it comes to the average person having a chance

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Speaker 1: to get his or her hands on a camera, because

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Speaker 1: before Kodak, photography was really a pretty limited field and

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Speaker 1: it was just there really were there really were no

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Speaker 1: consumer cameras. And the company itself has a very long history.

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Speaker 1: It's over a century old. Yes, yes, and and really

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Speaker 1: well for one thing, um, not long before we recorded this,

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Speaker 1: in February, UM, the company declared Chapter eleven bankruptcy. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that was in January. And then and then a month

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Speaker 1: later they made an announcement that really kind of showed

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Speaker 1: how the company has changed dramatically. On February nine, Kodak

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Speaker 1: announced that it was getting out of the camera business. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and I mean there's it's one thing to talk about

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Speaker 1: all the businesses that camera that Kodak is in, um,

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Speaker 1: you know, but it is made. It started out in

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Speaker 1: the film business essentially, but moved quickly into cameras. And

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Speaker 1: the idea of it that Kodak would stop making cameras,

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Speaker 1: it's just sort of it's it's it's really kind of

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Speaker 1: earth shaking to somebody who's grown up with it, right,

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Speaker 1: it would be it's hard to it's hard to kind

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Speaker 1: of what would you compare it to. It would be

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Speaker 1: like if Apple said it was no longer going to

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Speaker 1: make Max, like from now on, Apple was just going

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Speaker 1: to concentrate on mobile electronics. It's even it's yeah, but

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Speaker 1: I'm just trying to come up with something that people

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Speaker 1: can core business, right, Yeah, the thing that is most identified,

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Speaker 1: and I guess you could argue that with Apple. Now

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Speaker 1: the iPod in the iPhone have kind of supplanted the Mac.

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Speaker 1: But yeah, it's it's hard to wrap your mind around it.

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Speaker 1: So this means no more digital cameras or video cameras

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Speaker 1: or even digital picture frames from Kodak. Instead, what they're

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Speaker 1: going to focus their main core business on focus no

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Speaker 1: longer will be cameras, It'll be printers. So I guess

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Speaker 1: it's good that HP decided to continue it's consumer computer

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Speaker 1: business and not focus primarily on consumer printers for its

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Speaker 1: consumer side, because otherwise HP and Kodak would just be

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Speaker 1: head to head they still are technically, but well, the

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Speaker 1: apparently the bankruptcy filing included this information that as of September,

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Speaker 1: the end of September, UH Kodak had about five point

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Speaker 1: one billion dollars to its name. Unfortunately, it had six

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Speaker 1: point seven five billion dollars in debt, including twelve million

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Speaker 1: dollars that it owed to Nokia UM in Finland for

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Speaker 1: royalties on intellectual property. So yeah, when you have more

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Speaker 1: debt than you have money, that's what we call a

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Speaker 1: bad thing. That's also what we call fresh out of college,

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Speaker 1: at least in the United States. Well, uh, yeah, I

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Speaker 1: don't think that's exclusive to the US, No, but there

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Speaker 1: are a lot of places in Europe where taxes end

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Speaker 1: up taking care of a lot of the I'm just saying, well,

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Speaker 1: UM Kodak has quite a bit of UH intellectual property

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Speaker 1: information UM and then tried to leverage that before it

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Speaker 1: filed for bankruptcy. And there this is not really new stuff.

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Speaker 1: Code struggling has been a result of the you know,

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Speaker 1: the the burgeoning UH digital photography industry, which it has

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Speaker 1: done somewhat of a you know, semi successful capitalization on.

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Speaker 1: But and I think you could say right now, the

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Speaker 1: digital photography has supplanted a film photography for all. But uh,

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Speaker 1: there's a decreasing number of photographers who will use film.

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Speaker 1: And it's not that film is is worse than than digital.

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Speaker 1: In fact, there are a lot of photographers who argue

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Speaker 1: the opposite, that there are qualities that you get with

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Speaker 1: film that you cannot get with digital unless you were

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Speaker 1: to spend countless hours trying to recapture something that film

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Speaker 1: does naturally on its own. But that being said, the

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Speaker 1: general consumer, it's it's almost all digital now. I mean

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Speaker 1: that's what we have in our in our phones, it's

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Speaker 1: what we have. Some m P three players have them, tablets,

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's our our computers have a lot of

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Speaker 1: cases have the camera built into the frame. Right. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and it would use them for you know, chatting and

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Speaker 1: things like that, but you can also use them and

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Speaker 1: take still photos. It would be very inconvenient if those

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Speaker 1: were all film based. True. But yeah, so wait, hold on,

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Speaker 1: I gotta take my laptop apart to get the film out. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So some people say that Codex The reason why Kodak

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Speaker 1: is in the position it's in now is that it

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Speaker 1: did not adapt quickly enough. It did not commit fully

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Speaker 1: enough to the digital revolution and stuck with the film

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Speaker 1: side for consumer products maybe a bit too loyally. You know,

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Speaker 1: maybe we were a little too adamant on keeping with

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Speaker 1: that film side of the equation and not jumping enough

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Speaker 1: over to the digital side. And uh, and you know,

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Speaker 1: it's kind of hard to say whether back at the

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Speaker 1: back when Kodak was making these calls, it was hard

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Speaker 1: to tell that that was going to be the wrong call,

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Speaker 1: right well. Uh, And it's also an oversimplification because Kodak

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Speaker 1: was one of the pioneers of digital, because we're going

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Speaker 1: to look at that in a moment. Plus uh, you know,

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Speaker 1: they they've Kodak would have been in a much worse

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Speaker 1: position or even gone by now if it hadn't diversified itself.

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Speaker 1: I think we should take a look back, uh, starting

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Speaker 1: from the beginning. And it and a guy that many

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Speaker 1: of you know. He's a he's a tech pioneer, but

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Speaker 1: his name is certainly familiar to It's it's a household

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Speaker 1: name for many many people and has been especially in Rochester,

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Speaker 1: New York, New York. So about George Eastman. George Eastman,

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Speaker 1: who you know, he's not known as the brainiest inventor

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Speaker 1: whoever lived. In fact, he was sort of an average guy.

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Speaker 1: Um came out of an average home, ended up having

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Speaker 1: to uh to jump right into the workforce and actually

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Speaker 1: was a banker for a while too. He went to

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Speaker 1: school to become a to improve himself and um ended

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Speaker 1: up being a banker. But you know, he went on

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Speaker 1: a vacation. This is kind of funny. He went on

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Speaker 1: a vacation and wanted to be able to take pictures,

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Speaker 1: so he bought a wet plate outfit. This is way

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Speaker 1: photography was was done before Eastman got the idea to

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Speaker 1: try to simplify things somewhat. And he had to buy

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Speaker 1: a boatload of gear because yeah, because with wet plate photography,

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Speaker 1: you have to have the plate wet with chemicals before

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Speaker 1: you take the photo, and before it the plate dries,

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Speaker 1: you have to develop the photo, so you have to

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Speaker 1: keep the He had to buy a tent so that

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Speaker 1: he could develop the photos of his vacation on the

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Speaker 1: spot before the before the chemicals dried. That's somewhat inconvenient.

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Speaker 1: And this is why professionals were the only people taking

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Speaker 1: photos because nobody wanted to mess with this. It was expensive,

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Speaker 1: it was a pain in the neck. And then came

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Speaker 1: the development of the dry plate development. Are you gonna

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Speaker 1: do that the whole podcast? Because I will quit right now.

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Speaker 1: The funny thing is we use these terms, but these

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Speaker 1: are totally photography terms. Okay, of the progression from what

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Speaker 1: plate to dry plate? Um, So, yeah, he knew about this.

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Speaker 1: This is not something that he invented that plate to

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Speaker 1: dry plate, right. Dry plate meant that you no longer

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Speaker 1: had to have those wet chemicals on the plates before

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Speaker 1: you took your photo, and you didn't have to worry

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Speaker 1: about it drying out before before you had to develop it.

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Speaker 1: But what he did because he came up with a

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Speaker 1: an emulsion coding machine which allowed the mass production of

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Speaker 1: dry plates, which was a big deal because that before

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Speaker 1: then you were making dry plates one at a time,

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Speaker 1: very slow, painstaking process, not efficient. There was no real

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Speaker 1: way to make that a consumer market device at all

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Speaker 1: because it just took too long to make them. Yes,

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Speaker 1: this is this is one of those situations where he

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Speaker 1: figured out he heard about these experiments people were doing

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Speaker 1: with with a gelatine coating for the chemicals that you

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Speaker 1: would use to capture an image. And he said, you know,

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Speaker 1: I think that there's got to be a way to

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Speaker 1: make this easier. And he spent long hours after he

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Speaker 1: would go home from work, he would spend hours working

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Speaker 1: in his mother's kitchen, UM trying to come up with

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Speaker 1: a way to to make this a mass production affair.

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Speaker 1: And they apparently he would they would find him in

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Speaker 1: the morning. He would fall asleep on the floor in

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Speaker 1: his clothes, coming home after a long day at the office,

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Speaker 1: and he'd have to go back to work. So he

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Speaker 1: spent a long time UH working on this process and

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Speaker 1: a lot of elbow grease, really putting into the process

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Speaker 1: of trying to come up with us. But no headlight fluid.

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Speaker 1: So in eighteen eighty fluid. Yeah, I'll tell you later.

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Speaker 1: In eighteen eighty he began to create the commercial production

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Speaker 1: of these dry plates, and he rented Aloft in Rochester,

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Speaker 1: New York. And this is the date that Kodak tends

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Speaker 1: to trace its history back to, is an eighteen eighty

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Speaker 1: when Eastman started to actually UH produce these dry plates

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Speaker 1: and sell UH. And a year later Eastman partnered up

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Speaker 1: with a guy named Henry A strong. Hey, you know

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Speaker 1: you gotta go with somebody with it with a name

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Speaker 1: like that. We well, and you know what he he

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Speaker 1: made before he got into this whole film business, right,

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Speaker 1: buggy whips. Yeah, when you if you have a strong

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Speaker 1: buggy whip, you know you're in good hands. Was supposed

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Speaker 1: to those weak buggy whips. I don't want to make

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Speaker 1: any cracks about buggy whips. I can do it too.

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Speaker 1: So anyway, they formed the partnership that they called the

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Speaker 1: Eastman Dry Plate Company, which just rolls off the tongue

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Speaker 1: and uh. And then that year that fall Eastman quits

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Speaker 1: his job as a bank clerk and devotes his full

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Speaker 1: attention to this business. Yep. So he he really believed

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Speaker 1: that they were going to make a mark, I may

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Speaker 1: make a name for themselves in this this business. And

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Speaker 1: he was right. They were very successful, very early by three.

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Speaker 1: So just two years after they had formed this partnership,

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Speaker 1: they transferred over to a four story building in uh

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Speaker 1: an address that we now know as three four three

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Speaker 1: State Street, Rochester, New York. And if you were to

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Speaker 1: visit that area, you would find Codex Worldwide headquarters. So

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Speaker 1: they did not they did not venture far, No, not

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Speaker 1: at all. Although the building looks completely it's it's a

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Speaker 1: different building. It's what's now three four three State Street,

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Speaker 1: so should make that clear. But in eighteen eighty four

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Speaker 1: they changed the business and it it evolved from a

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Speaker 1: partnership into a corporation with fourteen shareholders at with a

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Speaker 1: it was a two hundred thousand dollar corporation, which in

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Speaker 1: four that's a that's a big jung of change. I

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Speaker 1: did not actually think to do the conversion to find

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Speaker 1: out exactly how much that is in today's dollars, but

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Speaker 1: I'll say lots. Yeah, I I only did one conversion,

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Speaker 1: and that stuff for something that's coming up soon. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I'm wondering if it's the same thing. Probably, um yeah.

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Speaker 1: And as a matter of fact, in four, that's when

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Speaker 1: they introduced negative paper, which you know basically was paper

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Speaker 1: that just complained about how nothing's going to work out.

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Speaker 1: A lot of negative papers in college now, um this

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Speaker 1: of course, uh, you know was anybody who's worked with

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Speaker 1: film for cameras as uh, you know what you use

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Speaker 1: to capture you know, you have the negatives are looks

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Speaker 1: like and you know, hold it up to the light.

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Speaker 1: It looks like the opposite of what you see when

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Speaker 1: you print a photo. UM, and William H. Walker somebody

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Speaker 1: who was working with the company, uh, invented a role

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Speaker 1: holder for for negative. So this is this is just

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Speaker 1: you know, this is trivia in a way, but it's

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Speaker 1: not in another because these guys are inventing the way

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Speaker 1: that you capture images for and and making it simpler

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Speaker 1: and mass productive, you know, doing the mass production work

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Speaker 1: for this stuff. So they're really inventing the photo business. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's because of these the work that these men did

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Speaker 1: that the the consumer camera developed evolved the way it did.

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Speaker 1: I know, but I just wanted to stop myself before

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Speaker 1: I said it again didn't quite work. But anyway, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: if if if someone else had made advances in the technology,

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Speaker 1: perhaps cameras would have have been completely different. You know

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Speaker 1: when you think of that role of film that if

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Speaker 1: you've ever used a camera that actually used film and

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Speaker 1: you had to put a roll of film in and

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Speaker 1: feed the film over through a little feeder and then uh,

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Speaker 1: they would take photos and you look at the exposure

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Speaker 1: number on your camera. Uh. The reason why we do

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Speaker 1: that is because the work these men did. If other

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Speaker 1: people had done something else. Then cameras would have looked

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Speaker 1: and behaved completely differently than the way that we think

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Speaker 1: of them. Um. Yeah. And as a matter of fact,

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Speaker 1: this is in eighteen six, This is about the time

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Speaker 1: that uh, Kodak sowed it's its roots of um sod

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Speaker 1: its roots really sort of began, Yes, began looking at

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Speaker 1: the possibility that they should be getting into other technologies.

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Speaker 1: They were there, uh uh one of the very first

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Speaker 1: companies in America that had a full time research scientist. Um.

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Speaker 1: And he was looking at the creating a transparent film base. Um,

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Speaker 1: you know, something that was flexible, it didn't have to

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Speaker 1: be a solid plate like the existing photo technology was. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the first transparent photographic film came from Kodak, and it

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Speaker 1: was right around that time. Uh. It was when Eastman

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Speaker 1: founded the Kodak company. Yes, I I love the genesis

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Speaker 1: of this name because now companies come up with names

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Speaker 1: for themselves and from products by going through marketing groups

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Speaker 1: and focus groups and trying to come up with, you know,

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Speaker 1: the excitra things that were stir the passions. Eastman sat down.

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Speaker 1: He liked the letter K because he felt like it

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Speaker 1: was a strong letter and just played around with words

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Speaker 1: he made up Kodak and you know, look at that.

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Speaker 1: It's it's short, it's sweet, and people remember it's one

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Speaker 1: letter off from being a bear. Also, I think he

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Speaker 1: he also liked that the color yellow, the signature color

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Speaker 1: yellow that they use on their packaging. Um, and he

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Speaker 1: came up with the slogan, you press the button, we

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Speaker 1: do the rest for the first camera. Now here again,

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Speaker 1: it's twelve they've stopped producing cameras or are about to really? Um,

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Speaker 1: So it was when they released their first camera. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Before that they were they were strictly film yes, and

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Speaker 1: dry plate and dry plate. And now in eighty eight

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Speaker 1: they've really released their first camera. This is giving birth

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Speaker 1: to the era of snapshot photography. Yeah. In the sentence

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Speaker 1: that huge. Yeah, this is what allows the average person

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Speaker 1: to get a camera and not have a lot of

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Speaker 1: training or expertise of fatiography and take pictures. Now again,

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Speaker 1: we should stress that the quality of pictures is going

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Speaker 1: to depend highly upon the type of camera and the photographer.

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Speaker 1: We have a photographer as our producing today, and I

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Speaker 1: just want to make it clear that we appreciate the

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Speaker 1: intense level of skill that she has as a photographer.

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Speaker 1: I I agree, Um, she's also scary. Um and and

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Speaker 1: eighty nine was when the when Kodak released its first

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Speaker 1: commercial transparent role film. UM. So this perfection that the

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Speaker 1: release of the camera equipment, the release of the transparent

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Speaker 1: role film. UM this is a complete revolution because it's

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Speaker 1: it's made uh, photography available to the average person again.

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Speaker 1: Um and Uh, this is when you know things started

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Speaker 1: to really change. You Also at this time, though, you

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Speaker 1: had to go into a dark area to load your

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Speaker 1: camera because you don't want to expose your film and

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Speaker 1: ruin it before you can take pictures. Because of course,

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Speaker 1: the whole thing about film is that it has a

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Speaker 1: chemical reaction when it's exposed to light, and that's what

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Speaker 1: allows it to capture photos or pictures. If you were

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Speaker 1: to expose that film to light before you were to

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Speaker 1: use in a camera, then you would just ruin that

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Speaker 1: that film. It would be it would be as if

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Speaker 1: you had taken a photo already. Uh. That was completely

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Speaker 1: uncontrolled circumstances. So you had to load it in a

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Speaker 1: dark room until when they introduced their first daylight loading camera,

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Speaker 1: which had the role protected the film in such a

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Speaker 1: way that you could load the film into a camera advance.

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Speaker 1: It the film, so that the little part that was

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Speaker 1: exposed is beyond where you're taking the images and you

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Speaker 1: just start snapping away. Yep. That's a a big difference

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Speaker 1: because I can tell you trying to load film in

337
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Speaker 1: the dark can be really annoying, especially if you drop it. Uma.

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Speaker 1: So uh, you know, we don't want to we don't

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Speaker 1: want to discuss every little thing they've got on. I mean,

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00:20:00,359 --> 00:20:02,600
Speaker 1: there's there's a lot of information on the Kodak website

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Speaker 1: about this type of stuff if you're really interested in

342
00:20:04,840 --> 00:20:08,240
Speaker 1: the company, which is amazing, but you know, I want

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Speaker 1: to capture some of the highlights. Um. You know they

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00:20:10,840 --> 00:20:14,280
Speaker 1: did change, yes, exactly, Well, they were the Eastman Company.

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Speaker 1: They switched to the Eastman Company and then they became

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Speaker 1: Eastman Kodak and capture the again capture to uh to

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Speaker 1: really play off of the name Kodak um and uh,

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Speaker 1: let's see. I mean the they basically grew for the

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Speaker 1: next few years, just rapidly. They took off, they built buildings,

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Speaker 1: they started moving outside the United States. Um. And then

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Speaker 1: they announced the pocket Codac camera in which used role

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Speaker 1: film and you hey, guess what, you could actually figure

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Speaker 1: out where what what snapshot you were on because it

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Speaker 1: had an indicator to tell you what number you Hey,

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Speaker 1: I'm on number twelve, right, which is very useful when

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Speaker 1: you are wondering how many photos you have left on

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Speaker 1: the roll and you know, well, anyone who's used a

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Speaker 1: film camera and they've wanted to go out and take

359
00:21:00,400 --> 00:21:03,560
Speaker 1: pictures of stuff it does. It can be frustrating if

360
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Speaker 1: you looked down and he said, oh, wait, I only

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Speaker 1: have two photos left. Is this moment really worth capturing? Yeah?

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Speaker 1: Or should I wait and and save those two photos?

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Speaker 1: But before this you essentially had to keep track of

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Speaker 1: it with yourself until you realize that, oh, the cameras

365
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Speaker 1: not advancing any further because I've taken the last image.

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Speaker 1: Anyone who's ever rolled his or her own film as

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Speaker 1: I have also has had that problem because you go

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Speaker 1: in the dark, you're sitting there and loading it. It

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Speaker 1: feels like enough, you put it in the cartridge and

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Speaker 1: then you start snapping photos and it doesn't matter if

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Speaker 1: there's a number on that because you really don't know

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Speaker 1: exactly how many photos you've got. Um so yeah, I

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Speaker 1: mean they started moving into uh into Europe about this time,

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Speaker 1: but oh yeah, they started while we had see through

375
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Speaker 1: photos before because they invented the transparent film. But this

376
00:21:56,920 --> 00:22:00,600
Speaker 1: is when they really got into uh see through stuff

377
00:22:00,640 --> 00:22:05,040
Speaker 1: because they started making plates and paper for X rays, yes,

378
00:22:05,200 --> 00:22:10,760
Speaker 1: which had only been discovered the year before. So yeah,

379
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Speaker 1: they jumped on that very very quickly. I mean, Kodak

380
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Speaker 1: at this point was one of the leading companies when

381
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Speaker 1: it came to capturing and processing images. Well, I mean

382
00:22:22,560 --> 00:22:27,879
Speaker 1: that also in six they started promoting the first film

383
00:22:28,040 --> 00:22:31,760
Speaker 1: especially made for creating motion pictures. They actually worked with

384
00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:33,960
Speaker 1: some some inventor guy who also lived in New York.

385
00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:38,439
Speaker 1: I can't remember his name. No, No, that wouldn't it.

386
00:22:39,359 --> 00:22:45,520
Speaker 1: Alexander grim bell Um, Steve Jobs. I'm just okay, I'm

387
00:22:45,520 --> 00:22:47,880
Speaker 1: gonna keep giving wrong answers until you say the right one.

388
00:22:47,960 --> 00:22:53,920
Speaker 1: Thomas Alva Edison, that guy. Yeah, I like to call

389
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Speaker 1: him elephant shucker. Oh man. Yeah, I'm just mean, Well,

390
00:22:58,760 --> 00:23:01,640
Speaker 1: I didn't kill an elephant with alternating current. Well technically

391
00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:04,480
Speaker 1: he didn't. He just sanctioned it. Okay, um, fair enough,

392
00:23:04,600 --> 00:23:08,920
Speaker 1: So that was only following orders, following orders. Yeah, yeah, yeah.

393
00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:14,359
Speaker 1: So they didn't come up with the folding pocket codac camera, um,

394
00:23:14,440 --> 00:23:16,600
Speaker 1: which was great if you had folding pockets. Yeah, if

395
00:23:16,640 --> 00:23:19,840
Speaker 1: you didn't. Well, well, this is this is the first

396
00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:21,800
Speaker 1: to have the two and a quarter by three and

397
00:23:21,840 --> 00:23:24,840
Speaker 1: a quarter inch negative, which was the standard size for

398
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:28,080
Speaker 1: you know, thirty years or so for a while. Anyway,

399
00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:32,080
Speaker 1: in Eastman kind of showed what sort of boss he was.

400
00:23:32,520 --> 00:23:35,680
Speaker 1: We you know, we if you listen to our HP podcasts,

401
00:23:35,720 --> 00:23:38,520
Speaker 1: you learned about the founders of HP were very much

402
00:23:38,960 --> 00:23:44,639
Speaker 1: about rewarding employees and and fostering a good corporate citizens

403
00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:49,600
Speaker 1: sort of uh profile. Right, Well, Kodak is the same way,

404
00:23:49,600 --> 00:23:53,119
Speaker 1: and Eastman very much believed in rewarding his employees in

405
00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:57,640
Speaker 1: he gave them a bonus from his own personal money

406
00:23:57,840 --> 00:23:59,879
Speaker 1: because he felt that they had worked so hard and

407
00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:02,960
Speaker 1: done such good work for the company. So here's ten

408
00:24:03,040 --> 00:24:05,800
Speaker 1: million dollars. Yeah, here's a man taking money from his

409
00:24:05,840 --> 00:24:09,400
Speaker 1: own pocket to reward his employees. Not you don't see

410
00:24:09,400 --> 00:24:12,159
Speaker 1: a whole lot of that today, Not not at the

411
00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:16,720
Speaker 1: same level. No, No, I mean you might get like, ah,

412
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:21,000
Speaker 1: here you go, congratulations. Well, well, you see companies having

413
00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:24,200
Speaker 1: funds set up within the company for you know, success sharing,

414
00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:26,960
Speaker 1: reward sharing programs. But this is something that he gave

415
00:24:27,400 --> 00:24:31,840
Speaker 1: from his own pocket, which which was pretty significant, pretty phenomenal. Yeah,

416
00:24:31,880 --> 00:24:33,640
Speaker 1: that's the kind of thing that that makes your employees

417
00:24:33,680 --> 00:24:35,760
Speaker 1: really want to work hard for you. And they did

418
00:24:36,200 --> 00:24:40,680
Speaker 1: the nineteen hundred, So we're talking about the the turn

419
00:24:40,720 --> 00:24:42,920
Speaker 1: of the century, unless you want to say nine one

420
00:24:42,960 --> 00:24:45,080
Speaker 1: is technically the turn of the century, which I would

421
00:24:45,119 --> 00:24:49,480
Speaker 1: I would agree with you. But nineteen hundred that's when

422
00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:54,280
Speaker 1: they introduced the Brownie camera, which was probably the most

423
00:24:54,440 --> 00:24:57,720
Speaker 1: famous camera I would say that Kodak and it's it's

424
00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:00,800
Speaker 1: one of those that was synonymous with the Kodak name

425
00:25:00,840 --> 00:25:02,600
Speaker 1: for a really long time. Oh yeah, yeah, And it

426
00:25:02,680 --> 00:25:05,719
Speaker 1: was really sort of marketed to kids because it had

427
00:25:05,720 --> 00:25:07,960
Speaker 1: the Brownie name and you know, the little elf that

428
00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:10,119
Speaker 1: they used on the packaging. But here's here was the

429
00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:14,159
Speaker 1: conversion I did. Yes, because it was one dollar. It

430
00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:16,480
Speaker 1: made it available for one dollar, which in today's money

431
00:25:16,480 --> 00:25:20,720
Speaker 1: would be two cents, or uh, if you took one

432
00:25:20,760 --> 00:25:24,240
Speaker 1: dollar in today's dollars, that would actually be twenty eight

433
00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:27,160
Speaker 1: dollars and twenty cents. There you go. Yeah, and the

434
00:25:27,280 --> 00:25:29,439
Speaker 1: film was sold for fifteen cents a roll, which was

435
00:25:29,480 --> 00:25:34,040
Speaker 1: around four dollars ye, which really, when you think about it,

436
00:25:34,119 --> 00:25:36,680
Speaker 1: is not terribly expensive. It was it was meant to

437
00:25:36,720 --> 00:25:40,520
Speaker 1: be something that that the the average person could afford effectively. Right. Yeah,

438
00:25:40,520 --> 00:25:43,399
Speaker 1: so for one one buck you could go out and

439
00:25:43,440 --> 00:25:46,240
Speaker 1: buy a Brownie camera. So yeah, that was I mean,

440
00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:49,239
Speaker 1: that was again another revolution. It was suddenly making the

441
00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:53,800
Speaker 1: camera technology not just available because it's sold to consumers,

442
00:25:53,800 --> 00:25:57,080
Speaker 1: but available because it's affordable. Uh yeah. And then it

443
00:25:57,240 --> 00:26:00,600
Speaker 1: just really sort of launched this this endo street in

444
00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:04,240
Speaker 1: the United States and then across the world. So uh.

445
00:26:04,440 --> 00:26:07,560
Speaker 1: And then nineteen o one, the Eastman Kodak Company of

446
00:26:07,640 --> 00:26:12,440
Speaker 1: New Jersey, which became the parent company of the entire corporation,

447
00:26:12,680 --> 00:26:15,880
Speaker 1: formed and uh, Eastman became the president of the New

448
00:26:15,960 --> 00:26:20,679
Speaker 1: Jersey Holding Company, and Strong, Henry A. Strong, became the

449
00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:23,679
Speaker 1: head of the New York company h and would remain

450
00:26:23,800 --> 00:26:26,800
Speaker 1: the head of the company until he passed away, which

451
00:26:26,840 --> 00:26:30,200
Speaker 1: was but that's down the road a bit. Now we've

452
00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:33,480
Speaker 1: talked about the camera and the film, um, and those

453
00:26:33,520 --> 00:26:37,920
Speaker 1: two things are of obviously paramount importance. Yeah. I did

454
00:26:37,920 --> 00:26:44,640
Speaker 1: that on purpose. UM. So it's a good touchstone. Um.

455
00:26:44,680 --> 00:26:48,320
Speaker 1: I thought I had you out fox, But we want

456
00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:51,040
Speaker 1: to play this game now, are we? There's a piece

457
00:26:51,119 --> 00:26:54,000
Speaker 1: that that we're missing, and that's what happens after you

458
00:26:54,040 --> 00:26:57,320
Speaker 1: take the photo. Um. You know, doing dark room work

459
00:26:57,480 --> 00:27:00,119
Speaker 1: can be intensely rewarding, especially if you're cooped up in

460
00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:02,480
Speaker 1: that room with a lot of developing chemicals and you

461
00:27:02,520 --> 00:27:05,919
Speaker 1: still animals dancing around the room. Exactly. Hey, all the

462
00:27:05,920 --> 00:27:10,560
Speaker 1: photos are coming to life. Really. But there's also you know,

463
00:27:10,640 --> 00:27:13,879
Speaker 1: Kodak realized that it could make strides on the other side,

464
00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:16,840
Speaker 1: to the processing side and the processing side. And this

465
00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:19,800
Speaker 1: was when they introduced the Kodak Developing machine, which made

466
00:27:19,800 --> 00:27:22,280
Speaker 1: it so much more simple. You didn't have to have

467
00:27:22,280 --> 00:27:24,120
Speaker 1: a dark room. You could you could PLoP the film

468
00:27:24,119 --> 00:27:27,600
Speaker 1: in the machine and it would do it for you. Um.

469
00:27:27,640 --> 00:27:29,960
Speaker 1: This is this is nice for amateurs who want to

470
00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:35,080
Speaker 1: do this themselves. Um. And that's the three See, these

471
00:27:35,080 --> 00:27:37,240
Speaker 1: are these are all things that seems sort of trivial today,

472
00:27:37,240 --> 00:27:40,840
Speaker 1: but they weren't at the time. Non curling film. Uh,

473
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:43,320
Speaker 1: for the next thirty years, the the non curling film

474
00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:46,400
Speaker 1: was the one that people use. So why would anyone

475
00:27:46,600 --> 00:27:50,639
Speaker 1: want film that didn't just slide a thing across the

476
00:27:50,680 --> 00:27:59,320
Speaker 1: ice and sweet shape as in curly you know. Oh

477
00:28:00,640 --> 00:28:04,240
Speaker 1: never mind, I'm going to jump ahead, okay, nineteen I'm

478
00:28:04,280 --> 00:28:07,080
Speaker 1: forcing us forward. Well, they I thought you were going

479
00:28:07,119 --> 00:28:10,639
Speaker 1: to mention you thought I was, but I'm not. Okay,

480
00:28:10,800 --> 00:28:12,560
Speaker 1: do you have something that you really need to say

481
00:28:12,600 --> 00:28:15,120
Speaker 1: about nineteen o eight. Well, the film at the time

482
00:28:15,160 --> 00:28:18,400
Speaker 1: was sort of flammable because they were using a cellulose nitrate. Yes,

483
00:28:18,480 --> 00:28:21,960
Speaker 1: it was, and they changed to cellulose a state in

484
00:28:22,800 --> 00:28:26,439
Speaker 1: which made it more or acetate acetate, which made it

485
00:28:26,480 --> 00:28:29,720
Speaker 1: more non Bernie Eppy friendly. Yeah, so we had fewer

486
00:28:29,760 --> 00:28:34,040
Speaker 1: photographer fires than which was you know, again our producer appreciates. Yes,

487
00:28:34,240 --> 00:28:38,680
Speaker 1: I've only seen her catch on fire twice, so it's improving. Uh.

488
00:28:38,720 --> 00:28:43,200
Speaker 1: In nineteen they built they had their sixteen story office

489
00:28:43,240 --> 00:28:47,240
Speaker 1: building built in what is now three four three State Street, Rochester,

490
00:28:48,040 --> 00:28:51,000
Speaker 1: and uh that sixteen story building would later become a

491
00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:55,360
Speaker 1: nineteen story building because n they added more floors to it. Uh.

492
00:28:55,400 --> 00:28:59,400
Speaker 1: So that's the world headquarters. Uh them jumping ahead in

493
00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:04,440
Speaker 1: nineteen seventeen, Kodak helped out in the war effort during

494
00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:09,360
Speaker 1: World War One, and they developed aerial cameras so that

495
00:29:09,440 --> 00:29:14,760
Speaker 1: the US Signal Corps could take photos reconnaissance photos during

496
00:29:14,760 --> 00:29:19,920
Speaker 1: the war. So that was a really kind of during

497
00:29:19,920 --> 00:29:21,400
Speaker 1: that time. I mean, there were a lot of companies

498
00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:23,440
Speaker 1: that were all dedicating a lot of effort to try

499
00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:26,400
Speaker 1: and support the United States in this World War. I

500
00:29:26,440 --> 00:29:28,360
Speaker 1: mean it was the very first World War, so it

501
00:29:28,480 --> 00:29:32,040
Speaker 1: was it was a huge deal. Yeah. They also used

502
00:29:32,080 --> 00:29:38,280
Speaker 1: that cellulose acetate um for the coding airplane wings and

503
00:29:38,320 --> 00:29:41,600
Speaker 1: developing lenses for gas masks that wouldn't break, which is uh,

504
00:29:41,720 --> 00:29:43,000
Speaker 1: you know, hey, they had it on hand, and so

505
00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:49,240
Speaker 1: ine again showing what sort of company this was. Eastman

506
00:29:49,400 --> 00:29:54,200
Speaker 1: Savings and Loan Association was was formed and it was

507
00:29:54,280 --> 00:29:58,960
Speaker 1: to help employees UH finance home purchases. So that was

508
00:29:58,960 --> 00:30:01,640
Speaker 1: actually a pretty big deal that the company had created

509
00:30:01,680 --> 00:30:06,280
Speaker 1: this institution to help its employees find and secure places

510
00:30:06,280 --> 00:30:10,040
Speaker 1: to live. And eventually that would split off to become

511
00:30:10,280 --> 00:30:15,040
Speaker 1: a credit union. Um. They started making it possible. Now

512
00:30:15,080 --> 00:30:17,200
Speaker 1: we we were talking about the motion picture film earlier,

513
00:30:17,520 --> 00:30:22,080
Speaker 1: but UM in n three they started making motion picture

514
00:30:22,120 --> 00:30:27,480
Speaker 1: film available in sixteen millimeter format for UH for amateurs UM,

515
00:30:27,520 --> 00:30:30,800
Speaker 1: and that was you know, black and white stuff. They

516
00:30:30,840 --> 00:30:33,440
Speaker 1: also made the sene Kodak motion picture camera and the

517
00:30:33,480 --> 00:30:36,680
Speaker 1: Codascope projector UM, so you could do everything. You could

518
00:30:36,680 --> 00:30:38,880
Speaker 1: shoot the photos they had film for it, and you

519
00:30:38,920 --> 00:30:41,920
Speaker 1: could you could show home movies to your board friends,

520
00:30:41,960 --> 00:30:45,000
Speaker 1: I mean to your friends when they would come over

521
00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:49,000
Speaker 1: the vacation. Um. And then uh, well they actually improved

522
00:30:49,040 --> 00:30:53,480
Speaker 1: on that when they developed a uh when they made

523
00:30:53,480 --> 00:30:57,040
Speaker 1: a color photo felt her color movie film for an

524
00:30:57,480 --> 00:31:02,320
Speaker 1: amateur motion picture people. This is quickly becoming even more

525
00:31:02,360 --> 00:31:05,160
Speaker 1: irritating than when we did Resberry Pie. Yeah, I agree,

526
00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:09,240
Speaker 1: um yeah. And then they started in making it possible

527
00:31:09,280 --> 00:31:13,200
Speaker 1: to use sound on motion pictures. Now we talked about

528
00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:16,240
Speaker 1: that in a previous podast with a special magnetic strip

529
00:31:16,280 --> 00:31:20,120
Speaker 1: where the sound information is recorded. That's that's next to

530
00:31:20,600 --> 00:31:25,480
Speaker 1: the actual images that you're capturing. Um. Just as a note,

531
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:30,560
Speaker 1: all along this process, uh, Kodak has been creating businesses

532
00:31:30,760 --> 00:31:33,760
Speaker 1: to supply its business. So a few years before that,

533
00:31:33,960 --> 00:31:38,040
Speaker 1: they they had started a company to manufacture would alcohol

534
00:31:38,120 --> 00:31:41,280
Speaker 1: for the film base and um they're also doing other

535
00:31:41,760 --> 00:31:45,800
Speaker 1: uh groups, a gelatine corporation to help with the film.

536
00:31:45,880 --> 00:31:50,360
Speaker 1: So they're they're really creating their own infrastructure within the company,

537
00:31:50,360 --> 00:31:52,360
Speaker 1: which is very helpful because it makes them a very

538
00:31:52,400 --> 00:31:55,040
Speaker 1: solid player. They don't have to depend on somebody else

539
00:31:55,040 --> 00:31:58,040
Speaker 1: to supply these materials. To write two. This was a

540
00:31:58,080 --> 00:32:01,320
Speaker 1: big year for Kodak, and one positive way in one

541
00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:05,000
Speaker 1: negative way. In thirty two, that's when they introduced the

542
00:32:05,080 --> 00:32:09,360
Speaker 1: first eight millimeter amateur motion picture film cameras and projectors.

543
00:32:09,600 --> 00:32:13,120
Speaker 1: So now people can make home movies with eight millimeter

544
00:32:13,200 --> 00:32:16,960
Speaker 1: or film. Again that's a standard now. Yeah, yeah, I

545
00:32:17,360 --> 00:32:20,760
Speaker 1: had That's why I had an eight millimeter camera, had

546
00:32:20,800 --> 00:32:22,960
Speaker 1: eight millimeter film at home. I haven't. I don't have

547
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:25,080
Speaker 1: a projector for it, but you know, old home movies

548
00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:28,840
Speaker 1: from the family. Well that's also the year that George

549
00:32:28,840 --> 00:32:34,240
Speaker 1: Eastman passed away, Yes, and he left his entire estate

550
00:32:34,360 --> 00:32:37,600
Speaker 1: to the University of Rochester, so again showing that he

551
00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:41,160
Speaker 1: was he was he was really he really believed in

552
00:32:41,280 --> 00:32:44,080
Speaker 1: giving back to the community and giving back to the

553
00:32:44,120 --> 00:32:47,760
Speaker 1: people that he felt helps support him. So that was

554
00:32:47,840 --> 00:32:51,240
Speaker 1: pretty pretty phenomenal. Yeah, he really believed, just as in

555
00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:54,920
Speaker 1: the side, he really believed in education to um and

556
00:32:55,120 --> 00:32:58,480
Speaker 1: he would he donated money to to help kids. He

557
00:32:58,520 --> 00:33:01,480
Speaker 1: donated money for cause is that were important to him

558
00:33:01,520 --> 00:33:05,120
Speaker 1: like um he uh. He was very into music and

559
00:33:05,200 --> 00:33:10,760
Speaker 1: felt that to have to to have a successful musical

560
00:33:10,800 --> 00:33:14,320
Speaker 1: community in a town, you really needed to educate people

561
00:33:14,640 --> 00:33:18,440
Speaker 1: about music so that they would appreciate it more. Um.

562
00:33:18,480 --> 00:33:20,560
Speaker 1: And that's where the Eastman's the money for the Eastman

563
00:33:20,600 --> 00:33:24,080
Speaker 1: School of Music, which is a prestigious school, Uh came about.

564
00:33:24,120 --> 00:33:26,720
Speaker 1: I mean he's he was. He was really into education

565
00:33:26,760 --> 00:33:31,480
Speaker 1: and helping people become aware of the importance of art

566
00:33:31,840 --> 00:33:36,120
Speaker 1: and um, you know, basically education in general in the community.

567
00:33:36,160 --> 00:33:38,680
Speaker 1: So there's you know, there are a lot of institutions

568
00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:41,040
Speaker 1: in in Rochester. If you if you've ever been there,

569
00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:43,520
Speaker 1: it's a it's a great town. I've been and uh

570
00:33:43,520 --> 00:33:46,920
Speaker 1: I should say city, um and uh it's it's a

571
00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:49,440
Speaker 1: really neat place. But a lot of places in in

572
00:33:49,440 --> 00:33:52,800
Speaker 1: in Rochester bear his name because of the contributions he

573
00:33:52,880 --> 00:33:57,320
Speaker 1: made sure. So in thirty five, they introduced the first

574
00:33:57,920 --> 00:34:02,040
Speaker 1: commercially available amateur color film, the Coda Chrome film. A

575
00:34:02,080 --> 00:34:05,840
Speaker 1: lot of people still they just they yeah. Uh. Code

576
00:34:05,840 --> 00:34:09,719
Speaker 1: of Chrome really made a name for itself because of

577
00:34:09,840 --> 00:34:13,319
Speaker 1: the richness of color. And it was kind of unusual too,

578
00:34:13,400 --> 00:34:16,400
Speaker 1: because it was black and white. It was during the

579
00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:20,640
Speaker 1: developing process that the color was aware. You you would

580
00:34:20,680 --> 00:34:23,759
Speaker 1: actually notice that there was color there because of the

581
00:34:23,800 --> 00:34:26,839
Speaker 1: chemicals used to to develop It was kind of fascinating

582
00:34:26,920 --> 00:34:31,160
Speaker 1: to me. Um anyway, Yeah, nineteen jumping in a nineteen

583
00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:36,479
Speaker 1: thirty seven they introduced the first slide projector slide, which

584
00:34:36,600 --> 00:34:39,520
Speaker 1: was you had to slide at a time. Yeah, so

585
00:34:39,719 --> 00:34:42,319
Speaker 1: not only could you bore your your friends with your

586
00:34:42,360 --> 00:34:44,879
Speaker 1: family photos, but you could take a really long time

587
00:34:44,920 --> 00:34:49,120
Speaker 1: doing it. Yes, they'll fix that later though. So where

588
00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:50,920
Speaker 1: do you want to jump to from here? Well, they

589
00:34:51,040 --> 00:34:55,040
Speaker 1: again they did all kinds of things in the ready

590
00:34:55,040 --> 00:34:58,160
Speaker 1: amount for its code of chrome film. Um. You know,

591
00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:01,400
Speaker 1: as soon as you got the the process the slides

592
00:35:01,440 --> 00:35:03,560
Speaker 1: back from the processing lab, you you could you could

593
00:35:03,600 --> 00:35:08,400
Speaker 1: put them together. Um, all kinds of stuff. Cotacomb Coda

594
00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:11,320
Speaker 1: color film for Prince in two. That was the first

595
00:35:11,360 --> 00:35:15,439
Speaker 1: color negative film. This was different from the Coda chrome. Um. Yeah,

596
00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:17,879
Speaker 1: the negative itself had had color in it, not black

597
00:35:17,920 --> 00:35:22,239
Speaker 1: and white. Yea. And the Army. Uh, actually, the the

598
00:35:22,360 --> 00:35:28,000
Speaker 1: United States military gave uh the company an e Award

599
00:35:28,080 --> 00:35:30,880
Speaker 1: for High Achievement in the production of equipment and film

600
00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:33,200
Speaker 1: for the war effort. So they helped out in World

601
00:35:33,200 --> 00:35:37,480
Speaker 1: War two as well. Um. Then of course, you know,

602
00:35:37,520 --> 00:35:41,439
Speaker 1: they made transparency film in the late forties. Um, they

603
00:35:41,480 --> 00:35:46,840
Speaker 1: began looking at other other companies too. They started making, uh,

604
00:35:46,920 --> 00:35:51,680
Speaker 1: this is kind of weird synthetic vitamin an. Yeah, there's

605
00:35:51,719 --> 00:35:54,719
Speaker 1: some parts of Codex history where if you're not really

606
00:35:54,760 --> 00:35:56,960
Speaker 1: familiar with it, if you're only familiar with their cameras,

607
00:35:57,000 --> 00:36:00,960
Speaker 1: you're thinking, what, Yeah, but this to be one of them.

608
00:36:01,000 --> 00:36:05,040
Speaker 1: Like like many large companies, they realized the benefits of

609
00:36:05,040 --> 00:36:08,160
Speaker 1: diversification and that is what I think will save Kodak

610
00:36:08,200 --> 00:36:11,279
Speaker 1: once it manages to make its way out of UH

611
00:36:11,560 --> 00:36:14,960
Speaker 1: Chapter eleven bankrupts. It's just a balance between diversification and

612
00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:17,759
Speaker 1: not going so far outside your core business that you

613
00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:21,040
Speaker 1: are getting involved in something you have really pardon upon

614
00:36:21,320 --> 00:36:25,560
Speaker 1: no business in. Yeah, they eventually would would stop manufacturing

615
00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:29,360
Speaker 1: vitamin a, but they did get into UH you know,

616
00:36:30,120 --> 00:36:32,520
Speaker 1: we like to manufacture vitamin a. See the way it

617
00:36:32,520 --> 00:36:37,000
Speaker 1: works is that you actually syntheticamin Yeah, in nineteen seventy three.

618
00:36:37,040 --> 00:36:40,880
Speaker 1: But they did get into UH Television Recording UM along

619
00:36:40,880 --> 00:36:46,480
Speaker 1: with Dumont Laboratories and NBC in uh UM, and then

620
00:36:46,600 --> 00:36:50,319
Speaker 1: they they started getting into safety film for the motion

621
00:36:50,360 --> 00:36:53,560
Speaker 1: picture industry. In eight they got an oscar as a

622
00:36:53,600 --> 00:36:57,359
Speaker 1: matter of fact for that UM, and then Codex earned

623
00:36:57,360 --> 00:37:00,680
Speaker 1: a couple of oscars over for its country Usians. Effect.

624
00:37:00,960 --> 00:37:03,359
Speaker 1: One of the things they were very proud about was

625
00:37:03,400 --> 00:37:08,080
Speaker 1: that up until until fairly recently, every single motion picture

626
00:37:08,320 --> 00:37:11,440
Speaker 1: that has won the Best Picture category was filmed on

627
00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:16,040
Speaker 1: Kodak film. That's impressive. The digital era is starting to

628
00:37:16,120 --> 00:37:19,080
Speaker 1: change that. But you know, during the film era that

629
00:37:19,160 --> 00:37:23,440
Speaker 1: was that was true. Yep, yep. They started uh producing

630
00:37:24,080 --> 00:37:29,720
Speaker 1: the Kodak Colorama display transparencies which were they projected onto

631
00:37:29,760 --> 00:37:31,759
Speaker 1: the main Terminal four at Grand Central Station in New

632
00:37:31,840 --> 00:37:36,399
Speaker 1: York that was eighteen feet high and sixty ft wide.

633
00:37:36,560 --> 00:37:39,279
Speaker 1: You know, that's a lot of megapixels, really confused, a

634
00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:41,919
Speaker 1: lot of a lot of weight. What's that up there,

635
00:37:41,960 --> 00:37:45,360
Speaker 1: travelers there? Yeah? Um. And then of course in fifty

636
00:37:45,360 --> 00:37:48,200
Speaker 1: one they did the eight millimeter Brownie movie camera and

637
00:37:48,320 --> 00:37:52,600
Speaker 1: movie projector. In fifty two. Um, they had the the

638
00:37:52,719 --> 00:37:58,120
Speaker 1: Kodak Brownie Star Matic in fifty seven. Oh, in fifty four, though,

639
00:37:58,239 --> 00:38:00,600
Speaker 1: you know, there's some people that prefer the look of

640
00:38:00,640 --> 00:38:05,080
Speaker 1: black and white and try X is when they released

641
00:38:05,080 --> 00:38:07,520
Speaker 1: tri X film, which is high speed black and white.

642
00:38:07,520 --> 00:38:10,759
Speaker 1: I've used try X um and it's a it's a

643
00:38:10,800 --> 00:38:13,879
Speaker 1: good film. Um. But yeah, I mean they were still

644
00:38:13,920 --> 00:38:16,480
Speaker 1: they were still doing both black and white and color. Well,

645
00:38:16,520 --> 00:38:18,879
Speaker 1: a lot of newspapers were still shooting black and white

646
00:38:18,880 --> 00:38:21,560
Speaker 1: because they couldn't they didn't have color press. And this

647
00:38:21,640 --> 00:38:24,680
Speaker 1: is this is again showing that you know, they'd really

648
00:38:25,160 --> 00:38:28,560
Speaker 1: although they were looking at diversification, their core business was

649
00:38:28,600 --> 00:38:33,000
Speaker 1: still very much in the film world. UM. Most of

650
00:38:33,040 --> 00:38:36,040
Speaker 1: these innovations have to do with either the film process

651
00:38:36,080 --> 00:38:39,080
Speaker 1: itself or the technology of the camera. They did get

652
00:38:39,080 --> 00:38:42,960
Speaker 1: into a polyester textile fiber by Tennessee Eastman, which was

653
00:38:42,960 --> 00:38:46,640
Speaker 1: the wood alcohol company we mentioned before in UM, but

654
00:38:46,680 --> 00:38:50,520
Speaker 1: they started releasing a high speed ectochrome film, the fastest

655
00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:54,120
Speaker 1: color film in the market UM and they had fully

656
00:38:54,120 --> 00:38:58,200
Speaker 1: automatic exposure control in fifty nine on the Codak cameras.

657
00:38:58,200 --> 00:39:02,200
Speaker 1: In sixty one they finally produced a code carousel projector,

658
00:39:02,360 --> 00:39:05,920
Speaker 1: so now you no longer had to front load that slide.

659
00:39:05,960 --> 00:39:09,720
Speaker 1: Actually there were other there were other slides slide projectors

660
00:39:09,800 --> 00:39:12,279
Speaker 1: they introduced before that, but the carousel projector is the

661
00:39:12,280 --> 00:39:14,560
Speaker 1: one that I familiar with. Yeah, that that's the one

662
00:39:14,600 --> 00:39:19,040
Speaker 1: with a big wheel that has all the slides in it. Chunk, chunk, chunk.

663
00:39:19,200 --> 00:39:21,640
Speaker 1: You know. There were many a day in my my

664
00:39:21,880 --> 00:39:25,000
Speaker 1: school days when we were treated to slide shows and

665
00:39:25,040 --> 00:39:29,840
Speaker 1: then the entire class shouting out, it's backwards, you know,

666
00:39:29,880 --> 00:39:33,239
Speaker 1: when the slides in the wrong way and it's upside down. Yeah,

667
00:39:33,280 --> 00:39:35,920
Speaker 1: that was that was the best one, which was the

668
00:39:35,960 --> 00:39:37,399
Speaker 1: upside down and then you have to take it out

669
00:39:37,640 --> 00:39:40,160
Speaker 1: put it back in um. But yeah, that's well, that's

670
00:39:40,200 --> 00:39:41,960
Speaker 1: where I think we get the concept of the slide

671
00:39:41,960 --> 00:39:44,880
Speaker 1: show from this carouseler. Yeah, things like like you know

672
00:39:44,920 --> 00:39:47,719
Speaker 1: in keynote or power point where you're using slides or

673
00:39:47,719 --> 00:39:49,880
Speaker 1: even you know the Google ones. There's lots of different

674
00:39:49,880 --> 00:39:52,400
Speaker 1: presentation ones, but we talk about each one's a slide

675
00:39:52,760 --> 00:39:54,799
Speaker 1: that comes all the way back to these days when

676
00:39:55,200 --> 00:39:58,640
Speaker 1: we use these slide projectors. And of course, by this

677
00:39:58,719 --> 00:40:01,919
Speaker 1: point in the mid nineteen sixties, Kodak is a worldwide name.

678
00:40:02,239 --> 00:40:05,160
Speaker 1: You know, everybody knows who they are, most one of

679
00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:08,040
Speaker 1: the most recognizable corporate names in the world. And you know,

680
00:40:08,560 --> 00:40:12,960
Speaker 1: two they exceeded one billion dollars in revenue. That's a

681
00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:15,520
Speaker 1: lot of money in nineteen sixty's a lot of money. Now,

682
00:40:16,640 --> 00:40:19,400
Speaker 1: if you don't think so, feel free to send Jonathan

683
00:40:19,440 --> 00:40:23,840
Speaker 1: Strickland one billion dollars. I will be happy to dispose

684
00:40:23,840 --> 00:40:26,759
Speaker 1: of your paltry some Again. You can go to the

685
00:40:26,840 --> 00:40:29,719
Speaker 1: website and pick out more. I'm looking for famous names

686
00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:33,359
Speaker 1: like in nineteen sixty three the in stematic camera. Yeah,

687
00:40:33,400 --> 00:40:38,080
Speaker 1: the instematic which was we had one of those stematic Uh.

688
00:40:38,160 --> 00:40:42,680
Speaker 1: That to me is immortalized in the great Wonderful folk

689
00:40:42,800 --> 00:40:46,479
Speaker 1: song by Weird Al Yankovic, the Biggest Ball of Twine

690
00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:49,960
Speaker 1: in Minnesota. Then Bernie ran away with my brand new

691
00:40:50,160 --> 00:40:53,839
Speaker 1: in Stematic. But at least we have our memories. Well,

692
00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:57,160
Speaker 1: they made more than fifty million of them by nine seventies,

693
00:40:57,239 --> 00:41:02,120
Speaker 1: so in in seven years um and then of course, uh,

694
00:41:02,200 --> 00:41:03,920
Speaker 1: you know, Code of Chrome to made its debut in

695
00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:10,040
Speaker 1: n you know, the sequel, it's never quite right. Nineteen

696
00:41:10,120 --> 00:41:13,200
Speaker 1: sixty six they came out with the Kodak, which was

697
00:41:13,239 --> 00:41:16,440
Speaker 1: a color printer. Again, this is important because this is

698
00:41:16,480 --> 00:41:19,120
Speaker 1: a new line of business for them, that that is starting.

699
00:41:19,320 --> 00:41:22,200
Speaker 1: You know, they had had electronic memory, could do two

700
00:41:22,200 --> 00:41:25,520
Speaker 1: thousand and three thousand prints an hour, So that's important. Ye,

701
00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:30,480
Speaker 1: this printer technology, that's what they're really banking on today. Ye,

702
00:41:30,680 --> 00:41:35,200
Speaker 1: that's what they're switching their focus. And the Space program

703
00:41:35,320 --> 00:41:38,960
Speaker 1: used a used um Kodak film to take a photo

704
00:41:39,040 --> 00:41:42,760
Speaker 1: of the creater Copernicus on the Moon. The Lunar Orbiter

705
00:41:42,840 --> 00:41:45,800
Speaker 1: two used a dual lens camera film processor and readout

706
00:41:45,840 --> 00:41:49,839
Speaker 1: device all Kodak brand YEP. And then over the next

707
00:41:49,880 --> 00:41:55,480
Speaker 1: few years they continued to develop more advances in movie

708
00:41:55,520 --> 00:42:00,000
Speaker 1: film technology and their camera technology, and fabrics and fabric

709
00:42:01,160 --> 00:42:04,040
Speaker 1: codel polyester fibers. I didn't realize that codel. You know,

710
00:42:04,120 --> 00:42:05,880
Speaker 1: you'd think the name would have cluded me in, but

711
00:42:05,920 --> 00:42:08,920
Speaker 1: I never realized that was them. Yeah, well is the

712
00:42:08,960 --> 00:42:14,279
Speaker 1: next really big development? Again? Man, I told you that

713
00:42:14,320 --> 00:42:16,640
Speaker 1: all the time. I know, you start to realize how

714
00:42:16,920 --> 00:42:20,200
Speaker 1: frequently use the same words. Right, So they were also

715
00:42:20,239 --> 00:42:22,799
Speaker 1: doing a Yeah, the duplicator, the act to print one

716
00:42:23,160 --> 00:42:25,920
Speaker 1: copier duplicator was invent But but the other big thing

717
00:42:25,960 --> 00:42:32,279
Speaker 1: in seventy five was the development of the first digital camera. Yeah,

718
00:42:32,360 --> 00:42:35,680
Speaker 1: see this was done again. Kodak has been doing research.

719
00:42:35,920 --> 00:42:41,560
Speaker 1: They realized early on that research and development were important. Um,

720
00:42:41,640 --> 00:42:46,120
Speaker 1: like Bell Labs, like many other companies HP and so Kodak.

721
00:42:47,040 --> 00:42:50,879
Speaker 1: Somebody at Kodak created a digital camera. They actually used

722
00:42:50,920 --> 00:42:55,920
Speaker 1: the sensor that was created at Bell Labs and built

723
00:42:55,960 --> 00:43:00,239
Speaker 1: a digital camera which was a point one megapixel black

724
00:43:00,239 --> 00:43:04,160
Speaker 1: and white camera in n and they promptly told that

725
00:43:04,200 --> 00:43:08,319
Speaker 1: guy to put it away where nobody was gonna see. Yeah,

726
00:43:08,320 --> 00:43:11,080
Speaker 1: it would be a while before Kodak would really start

727
00:43:11,120 --> 00:43:14,880
Speaker 1: to get into digital photography and digital products. However, it

728
00:43:14,920 --> 00:43:16,879
Speaker 1: is important to note that they were working on this

729
00:43:17,320 --> 00:43:21,520
Speaker 1: that far back in time and they realized, you may say,

730
00:43:21,560 --> 00:43:23,520
Speaker 1: why didn't they totally get into this and spend them

731
00:43:23,560 --> 00:43:27,200
Speaker 1: They realized what effect this would have on their entrenched businesses.

732
00:43:27,480 --> 00:43:29,839
Speaker 1: They knew that then, so they knew that there needs

733
00:43:29,880 --> 00:43:33,520
Speaker 1: to be some sort of transition between film and digital

734
00:43:33,880 --> 00:43:37,239
Speaker 1: or else they would through through innovation, they would put

735
00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:40,680
Speaker 1: themselves out of business. Yeah, I I make that joke, um,

736
00:43:40,719 --> 00:43:43,400
Speaker 1: but I don't mean to, uh to suggest that they

737
00:43:43,400 --> 00:43:45,960
Speaker 1: would really, you know, hide this away, But they really

738
00:43:46,160 --> 00:43:49,600
Speaker 1: they knew what what an innovation this was, and they

739
00:43:49,680 --> 00:43:51,359
Speaker 1: they had it in the back of their heads. Yeah.

740
00:43:51,440 --> 00:43:56,520
Speaker 1: So nineteen eighty they celebrated their one anniversary, So happy

741
00:43:56,560 --> 00:44:01,720
Speaker 1: one hundred years in nineteen eighty uh. In in unrelated news,

742
00:44:02,040 --> 00:44:08,880
Speaker 1: Star Wars Empire Strikes Back came out. Kodak introduced what

743
00:44:09,000 --> 00:44:10,719
Speaker 1: many of my friends had now, I think this is

744
00:44:10,760 --> 00:44:13,240
Speaker 1: sort of a forerunner of today's point and shoot cameras

745
00:44:13,280 --> 00:44:15,760
Speaker 1: that we actually so was the instematic for that matter,

746
00:44:15,800 --> 00:44:18,800
Speaker 1: but not like the form factor of the disc camera

747
00:44:18,840 --> 00:44:21,279
Speaker 1: which showed up in the eight two, which if you

748
00:44:21,280 --> 00:44:24,239
Speaker 1: didn't if you are unfamiliar with it. UM. Rather than

749
00:44:24,280 --> 00:44:27,440
Speaker 1: having a cartridge with film that scrolls across where the

750
00:44:27,480 --> 00:44:30,040
Speaker 1: shutter is and the viewfinder so that you can, you know,

751
00:44:30,080 --> 00:44:33,040
Speaker 1: take a picture that way, the viewfinders sort of off

752
00:44:33,040 --> 00:44:35,320
Speaker 1: to the side, because there's a it looks like a

753
00:44:35,400 --> 00:44:39,839
Speaker 1: daisy wheel or a flower of of photo negatives so

754
00:44:39,880 --> 00:44:41,440
Speaker 1: that the phone the film is on a disk. You

755
00:44:41,520 --> 00:44:44,000
Speaker 1: dropped the disk into the camera and it rotates to

756
00:44:44,480 --> 00:44:48,440
Speaker 1: to make the exposures. Now, people who were real photographers

757
00:44:48,480 --> 00:44:53,440
Speaker 1: complained about the quality of these photos because they're very tiny. UM. However,

758
00:44:53,800 --> 00:44:56,520
Speaker 1: they were very popular because they were flat and easy

759
00:44:56,560 --> 00:44:59,880
Speaker 1: to carry. And I was also in eighty two when

760
00:45:00,120 --> 00:45:04,640
Speaker 1: UH they had their pavilion open at Epcot. Yes, I've

761
00:45:04,719 --> 00:45:08,560
Speaker 1: been to it. I have as well. UH. In eighty

762
00:45:08,560 --> 00:45:15,360
Speaker 1: three they introduced the Kodak CAR four thousand information system,

763
00:45:15,400 --> 00:45:18,800
Speaker 1: which helped with the storage and retrieval of microfilm images.

764
00:45:19,280 --> 00:45:21,759
Speaker 1: They also were getting into and they had been doing

765
00:45:21,800 --> 00:45:23,960
Speaker 1: this all the way back to helping out with the

766
00:45:24,200 --> 00:45:29,400
Speaker 1: whole X rays thing, really getting into the medical fields,

767
00:45:29,920 --> 00:45:36,520
Speaker 1: helping develop technology specifically for medical UH purposes and not

768
00:45:36,560 --> 00:45:40,440
Speaker 1: necessarily tools like a syringe or something, but more like

769
00:45:40,640 --> 00:45:47,239
Speaker 1: camera and imaging tools specifically for medical procedures and medical tests. Absolutely. Yeah.

770
00:45:46,880 --> 00:45:50,400
Speaker 1: They created the Eastman Pharmaceuticals division in eighty six, just

771
00:45:50,480 --> 00:45:53,000
Speaker 1: to get ahead of myself for a little bit. There

772
00:45:53,000 --> 00:45:55,400
Speaker 1: were a couple of things though, that I wanted to note.

773
00:45:55,400 --> 00:45:59,600
Speaker 1: In eighty four they started producing uh, floppy disks for computers.

774
00:45:59,800 --> 00:46:03,120
Speaker 1: They made video cassettes and eight millimeter beta and VHS

775
00:46:03,200 --> 00:46:05,880
Speaker 1: formats covering their basis. If you guys don't know what

776
00:46:05,960 --> 00:46:09,400
Speaker 1: beta is, ask your parents, or they probably don't know

777
00:46:09,440 --> 00:46:13,440
Speaker 1: either unless they worked in Yeah. Really um. And they

778
00:46:13,480 --> 00:46:16,080
Speaker 1: also came out with the mini lab in eight five.

779
00:46:16,080 --> 00:46:18,560
Speaker 1: I remember this when when people started offering the mini

780
00:46:18,640 --> 00:46:23,520
Speaker 1: labs for fast developing in the corner photoshop, they were

781
00:46:23,600 --> 00:46:28,760
Speaker 1: just tiny Laborador retrievers. In eighty six, also in addition

782
00:46:28,800 --> 00:46:33,279
Speaker 1: to their pharmaceuticals division, they started making batteries, the Ultra

783
00:46:33,360 --> 00:46:35,880
Speaker 1: Life lithium power cells and the super Life batteries. I

784
00:46:35,920 --> 00:46:39,560
Speaker 1: have bought some, um and uh, you know, so this

785
00:46:39,640 --> 00:46:42,160
Speaker 1: is this is important again. They're getting into other kinds

786
00:46:42,200 --> 00:46:48,719
Speaker 1: of of these other categories of businesses, but not completely unrelated.

787
00:46:48,760 --> 00:46:50,880
Speaker 1: I mean they've been in these are all chemical related

788
00:46:50,880 --> 00:46:54,000
Speaker 1: businesses for the most part. Um. I remember the introduction

789
00:46:54,040 --> 00:46:58,040
Speaker 1: of the fling in seven to the one time use cameras, um,

790
00:46:58,080 --> 00:47:00,439
Speaker 1: and then he acquired Sterling Drug in eighty eight, which

791
00:47:00,480 --> 00:47:03,640
Speaker 1: was kind of that was that was one of those

792
00:47:03,640 --> 00:47:07,279
Speaker 1: moves that where seems kind of odd, and they would

793
00:47:07,280 --> 00:47:12,640
Speaker 1: actually end up divesting themselves of much of that business. Uh.

794
00:47:12,680 --> 00:47:15,239
Speaker 1: Anything that didn't have to do with imaging, you know,

795
00:47:15,280 --> 00:47:18,160
Speaker 1: anything that was health related but was still an imaging

796
00:47:19,040 --> 00:47:21,920
Speaker 1: part of the industry they kept. But anything that was

797
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:28,880
Speaker 1: non imaging health related they divested themselves of. In yeah, um,

798
00:47:28,920 --> 00:47:31,279
Speaker 1: just sort of skipping ahead bits and pieces because we're

799
00:47:31,280 --> 00:47:34,239
Speaker 1: getting kind of late here, um, but really they're they're

800
00:47:34,239 --> 00:47:38,160
Speaker 1: continuing to innovate through this time in printers, uh, copiers

801
00:47:38,719 --> 00:47:42,640
Speaker 1: and the other corsposable camera, disposable cameras, and they they

802
00:47:43,280 --> 00:47:45,600
Speaker 1: created a recycling program to which is kind of ahead

803
00:47:45,600 --> 00:47:47,239
Speaker 1: of its time. So it just makes me think of

804
00:47:47,320 --> 00:47:50,239
Speaker 1: there's an episode of the Office where the receptionist, the

805
00:47:50,239 --> 00:47:54,160
Speaker 1: new receptionist, Aaron, says she loves disposable cameras, but she

806
00:47:54,200 --> 00:47:57,200
Speaker 1: thinks it's such a sad waste because she doesn't understand

807
00:47:57,200 --> 00:47:59,280
Speaker 1: that you take them in to get the pictures developed.

808
00:47:59,760 --> 00:48:04,200
Speaker 1: She takes photos and then throws the camera a So

809
00:48:04,280 --> 00:48:06,320
Speaker 1: for her, it's just the process of taking the photo

810
00:48:06,400 --> 00:48:10,359
Speaker 1: that's joyous, yes, because you don't actually get a photo afterwards. Yeah,

811
00:48:10,480 --> 00:48:13,560
Speaker 1: that's not how those work people, not that not that

812
00:48:13,600 --> 00:48:15,759
Speaker 1: many people use those anymore, like so that I do

813
00:48:15,840 --> 00:48:19,240
Speaker 1: see them at things like weddings where the disposable cameras

814
00:48:19,280 --> 00:48:20,640
Speaker 1: left at the center of the table so you can

815
00:48:20,680 --> 00:48:24,520
Speaker 1: snap photos that will be you know, disposed of after

816
00:48:24,600 --> 00:48:28,840
Speaker 1: the ceremony, right, and everyone's just like, here's another picture

817
00:48:28,880 --> 00:48:33,520
Speaker 1: of Bill with a wedding cake on his nose. Yeah, fantastic.

818
00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:36,680
Speaker 1: In if you have to have a Nicon F three,

819
00:48:36,760 --> 00:48:38,839
Speaker 1: you might have been in luck because that was when

820
00:48:38,880 --> 00:48:42,120
Speaker 1: they when Kodak came out with the professional digital camera system.

821
00:48:42,400 --> 00:48:45,080
Speaker 1: So if you had an F three, you could use

822
00:48:45,640 --> 00:48:48,920
Speaker 1: uh this system with a with develop by Kodak with

823
00:48:49,000 --> 00:48:52,960
Speaker 1: a one point three megapixel sensor today sounds just like

824
00:48:53,160 --> 00:48:55,359
Speaker 1: which is a fairly small format but probably big enough

825
00:48:55,360 --> 00:48:57,680
Speaker 1: for most news photos, I would imagine, especially at the

826
00:48:57,719 --> 00:49:00,680
Speaker 1: time that was that was pretty on top of things. Yeah. Um,

827
00:49:00,719 --> 00:49:05,440
Speaker 1: and then they started making a writable CDs UM and uh,

828
00:49:05,520 --> 00:49:08,960
Speaker 1: you know, continuing to to innovate for other uh it's

829
00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:12,960
Speaker 1: it's core lines. UM. They did digitally restore Walt Disney's

830
00:49:13,480 --> 00:49:20,799
Speaker 1: Snow White and seven Dwarfs Dwarves Dwarfs. Yes, no, no v,

831
00:49:20,920 --> 00:49:24,080
Speaker 1: I know it's only Tolkien that does the V I know. Uh.

832
00:49:24,160 --> 00:49:27,840
Speaker 1: Kodak Royal Gold film, which was I remember a popular

833
00:49:27,920 --> 00:49:32,359
Speaker 1: color film, came out in UM and they launched their

834
00:49:32,360 --> 00:49:38,920
Speaker 1: website dot com. Yeah. Back then, websites were the pretty

835
00:49:38,960 --> 00:49:44,040
Speaker 1: new so yah. Kodak was trying to create a presence

836
00:49:44,080 --> 00:49:45,759
Speaker 1: on the web where they could show off all their

837
00:49:45,760 --> 00:49:49,879
Speaker 1: different products and services. And yes, they were there right there,

838
00:49:50,080 --> 00:49:53,919
Speaker 1: you know, not at the very leading edge, but pretty close. Yeah. Yep.

839
00:49:54,239 --> 00:49:57,279
Speaker 1: They came out with the Advanced Photo system where you

840
00:49:57,400 --> 00:50:00,440
Speaker 1: drop in the film cartridge and you could changed the

841
00:50:00,480 --> 00:50:03,200
Speaker 1: film before you shot all the film. They also came

842
00:50:03,239 --> 00:50:07,000
Speaker 1: out with It's Advantas line, which was sort of moderately popular.

843
00:50:07,000 --> 00:50:10,440
Speaker 1: Were supposed to be an advanced photo uh you know

844
00:50:10,520 --> 00:50:16,800
Speaker 1: system yep. Uh. In nine they had another pretty interesting innovation.

845
00:50:16,840 --> 00:50:21,560
Speaker 1: This was with a partnership with Sanyo Electric Company. They

846
00:50:21,600 --> 00:50:25,040
Speaker 1: showed off the very first commercial model of a full

847
00:50:25,080 --> 00:50:32,200
Speaker 1: color organic electroluminescent display or Yeah, so we're just now

848
00:50:32,280 --> 00:50:36,000
Speaker 1: starting to see television sets that have o LED displays

849
00:50:36,520 --> 00:50:39,520
Speaker 1: at a size larger than just a few inches. A

850
00:50:39,560 --> 00:50:42,160
Speaker 1: few years ago, a twelve inch oh LED screen was

851
00:50:42,200 --> 00:50:45,560
Speaker 1: probably the biggest you would see at something like CS.

852
00:50:45,560 --> 00:50:50,640
Speaker 1: But this past ces of I saw oh LED screen, well,

853
00:50:51,239 --> 00:50:53,160
Speaker 1: you know, we go all the way back to to

854
00:50:53,239 --> 00:50:56,880
Speaker 1: see those first shown off. So that's uh, it's been

855
00:50:56,920 --> 00:50:59,759
Speaker 1: a long journey. We're still not and we're still not

856
00:50:59,840 --> 00:51:03,279
Speaker 1: to the point where oh lad technology is cheap enough

857
00:51:03,280 --> 00:51:05,360
Speaker 1: to manufacture that's going to be within the grasp of

858
00:51:05,400 --> 00:51:08,080
Speaker 1: the average consumer, because we're talking about ten thousand dollar

859
00:51:08,160 --> 00:51:10,839
Speaker 1: television sets right now, which I don't know about you,

860
00:51:11,120 --> 00:51:14,480
Speaker 1: but it's a little outside my price range. Yeah, yeah, um,

861
00:51:14,520 --> 00:51:18,120
Speaker 1: they were. They also divested themselves of the digital printer,

862
00:51:18,280 --> 00:51:23,480
Speaker 1: copier and roller assembly operations to a company in Germany,

863
00:51:23,760 --> 00:51:27,080
Speaker 1: but they didn't continue to make imaging film for healthcare.

864
00:51:27,560 --> 00:51:30,880
Speaker 1: Um that came out with lines of digital uh photo

865
00:51:31,200 --> 00:51:34,000
Speaker 1: photo outfits in the early two thousands, Yeah, and two

866
00:51:34,000 --> 00:51:37,440
Speaker 1: thousand one that came up with the Kodak Easy Share system,

867
00:51:37,440 --> 00:51:40,520
Speaker 1: which a lot of their their digital cameras have that

868
00:51:40,680 --> 00:51:44,120
Speaker 1: easy share branding on them, and it's all about the

869
00:51:44,160 --> 00:51:48,160
Speaker 1: ability to port digital photos from one thing to another

870
00:51:48,600 --> 00:51:52,560
Speaker 1: as seamlessly as possible. Uh. And these days it would

871
00:51:52,560 --> 00:51:55,680
Speaker 1: mean things like you would, you know, connect your camera

872
00:51:55,760 --> 00:51:57,680
Speaker 1: to your computer and it would just pull things over

873
00:51:57,680 --> 00:52:01,960
Speaker 1: directly into say Facebook, that kind of stuf um. You know.

874
00:52:02,000 --> 00:52:04,440
Speaker 1: And then these products are very popular. I mean they

875
00:52:04,640 --> 00:52:08,600
Speaker 1: ranked highest in customer satisfaction and a couple of price

876
00:52:08,640 --> 00:52:11,239
Speaker 1: segments in the g D Power and Associates survey in

877
00:52:11,360 --> 00:52:14,560
Speaker 1: nineteen or two thousand for them. Sorry, um, so I

878
00:52:14,560 --> 00:52:19,759
Speaker 1: mean they're still they're still making very popular photography products. Um.

879
00:52:19,800 --> 00:52:22,920
Speaker 1: But you know that this this ended up not lasting forever.

880
00:52:23,120 --> 00:52:27,680
Speaker 1: I mean the lists of things that they're working on, um,

881
00:52:27,719 --> 00:52:30,279
Speaker 1: you know are are extensive for this period of time.

882
00:52:31,160 --> 00:52:35,080
Speaker 1: But unfortunately, you know that the company is still very

883
00:52:35,120 --> 00:52:38,520
Speaker 1: involved with film. Yeah, and it wasn't until two thousand

884
00:52:38,600 --> 00:52:42,319
Speaker 1: nine that they retired code of Chrome color film that

885
00:52:42,920 --> 00:52:44,840
Speaker 1: which made a lot of people and still makes a

886
00:52:44,840 --> 00:52:48,920
Speaker 1: lot of people very unhappy because nothing quite shoots like

887
00:52:49,000 --> 00:52:51,320
Speaker 1: CODA chrome. Yeah, it made a lot of people unhappy,

888
00:52:51,360 --> 00:52:53,759
Speaker 1: but not enough people for them to keep the product going.

889
00:52:53,840 --> 00:52:55,840
Speaker 1: So this was this was the thing was that Kodak

890
00:52:55,880 --> 00:53:01,279
Speaker 1: was holding onto those film products uh longer than the

891
00:53:01,320 --> 00:53:04,080
Speaker 1: market was actually able to support them. So you have

892
00:53:04,160 --> 00:53:07,560
Speaker 1: this big company that has a storied history in film,

893
00:53:08,200 --> 00:53:11,800
Speaker 1: and there's still plenty of photographers who very much value

894
00:53:12,120 --> 00:53:16,200
Speaker 1: film and films place in art and an industry, but

895
00:53:16,920 --> 00:53:20,160
Speaker 1: there's just there's a diminishing returns. There are fewer and

896
00:53:20,200 --> 00:53:22,520
Speaker 1: fewer of the photographers, and a lot more of them

897
00:53:22,560 --> 00:53:25,879
Speaker 1: are switching over to digital, either because they prefer it

898
00:53:26,200 --> 00:53:28,400
Speaker 1: or because they feel that it's necessary, because that's just

899
00:53:28,440 --> 00:53:32,400
Speaker 1: the way the world is moving. And so the the

900
00:53:32,440 --> 00:53:36,160
Speaker 1: returns for Kodak were decreasing year over year and they

901
00:53:36,200 --> 00:53:38,440
Speaker 1: had to make these tough decisions, and a lot of

902
00:53:38,440 --> 00:53:42,239
Speaker 1: people I've recently anyway that I've read, have suggested that

903
00:53:42,280 --> 00:53:44,919
Speaker 1: perhaps they waited too long, and that's part of why

904
00:53:44,960 --> 00:53:47,959
Speaker 1: they're in the financial position they're in today. Yeah. Yeah.

905
00:53:47,960 --> 00:53:50,719
Speaker 1: The thing is Code of Chrome is remember we were

906
00:53:50,719 --> 00:53:52,680
Speaker 1: talking about how it's black and white and the color

907
00:53:52,800 --> 00:53:56,279
Speaker 1: is is produced through the developing process that's a very

908
00:53:56,280 --> 00:53:59,040
Speaker 1: specialized developing process, and it became the kind of thing

909
00:53:59,080 --> 00:54:03,839
Speaker 1: that uh wasn't that, you know, although Kodak made uh,

910
00:54:03,920 --> 00:54:08,480
Speaker 1: photography cheaper and easier for the average Joe or Jane

911
00:54:08,520 --> 00:54:12,840
Speaker 1: to get into. Um code of chrome became something that

912
00:54:13,080 --> 00:54:17,440
Speaker 1: the serious photographer did, and you know it required a

913
00:54:17,480 --> 00:54:20,680
Speaker 1: special developing process, and you know, at a certain point

914
00:54:20,719 --> 00:54:24,719
Speaker 1: that becomes uh, too cost prohibitive for the manufacturer of

915
00:54:24,880 --> 00:54:27,319
Speaker 1: the film and the producing See, they were involved in

916
00:54:27,360 --> 00:54:29,399
Speaker 1: all that stuff. So it was, you know, they're making

917
00:54:29,400 --> 00:54:31,840
Speaker 1: it for a very few people, and so it just

918
00:54:31,960 --> 00:54:34,360
Speaker 1: became too expensive. But I think I think Kodak is

919
00:54:34,400 --> 00:54:38,040
Speaker 1: gonna pop back. They have so much intellectual property. They

920
00:54:38,960 --> 00:54:42,000
Speaker 1: you know, were wise to invest in a diversity of

921
00:54:42,040 --> 00:54:46,080
Speaker 1: products that were sort of related to the core um

922
00:54:46,280 --> 00:54:48,480
Speaker 1: group of products, and I think I think they'll make it.

923
00:54:48,520 --> 00:54:51,080
Speaker 1: They're just gonna need to do some restructuring and invest

924
00:54:51,160 --> 00:54:54,640
Speaker 1: themselves of things that they don't, uh, they don't make

925
00:54:54,680 --> 00:54:57,560
Speaker 1: as much money on. Sadly, that's cameras in this It's

926
00:54:57,600 --> 00:54:59,600
Speaker 1: it's interesting because even though they are getting out of

927
00:54:59,640 --> 00:55:01,880
Speaker 1: the them or a business, they're still going to be

928
00:55:01,920 --> 00:55:05,800
Speaker 1: making money off cameras because they hold this intellectual property,

929
00:55:05,880 --> 00:55:09,120
Speaker 1: these patents that they have licensed off to other companies,

930
00:55:09,120 --> 00:55:12,200
Speaker 1: So they are making money from camera technology. It's just

931
00:55:12,239 --> 00:55:15,920
Speaker 1: they're not they're not making cameras themselves anymore, um, and

932
00:55:15,960 --> 00:55:18,200
Speaker 1: they're still doing other stuff, So we wouldn't call them

933
00:55:18,239 --> 00:55:20,840
Speaker 1: like a you know, when we did our our episode

934
00:55:20,840 --> 00:55:23,680
Speaker 1: about patent trolls and the companies that all they do

935
00:55:23,760 --> 00:55:26,240
Speaker 1: is hold patents and then that's how they make money.

936
00:55:26,440 --> 00:55:29,919
Speaker 1: It's not that Codex going down that route, but they

937
00:55:29,960 --> 00:55:33,880
Speaker 1: are definitely shifting over. So yeah, that's the that's the

938
00:55:33,960 --> 00:55:37,680
Speaker 1: story of Kodak as it as it UH stands today

939
00:55:38,000 --> 00:55:42,000
Speaker 1: today being in February, and UH, it'll be interesting to

940
00:55:42,040 --> 00:55:44,080
Speaker 1: see what the future of this company is and whether

941
00:55:44,200 --> 00:55:46,319
Speaker 1: or not they will be able to reinvent themselves in

942
00:55:46,320 --> 00:55:49,120
Speaker 1: such a way to become another industry leader, perhaps in

943
00:55:49,120 --> 00:55:51,759
Speaker 1: a totally different industry. It's kind of funny though that

944
00:55:51,800 --> 00:55:55,080
Speaker 1: one of the UH, the technologies that on which they

945
00:55:55,120 --> 00:56:01,120
Speaker 1: were really on the bleeding edge, ended up massive changing

946
00:56:01,320 --> 00:56:03,640
Speaker 1: the world in which it inhabited. I mean, they really

947
00:56:03,680 --> 00:56:06,839
Speaker 1: created an industry in a lot of ways, and UH

948
00:56:07,000 --> 00:56:09,799
Speaker 1: also created a technology that destroyed that industry, or is

949
00:56:09,880 --> 00:56:14,239
Speaker 1: destroying it or maybe Okay that's too strong, changing it

950
00:56:14,360 --> 00:56:17,320
Speaker 1: so dramatically that it that is causing the company to

951
00:56:17,400 --> 00:56:20,879
Speaker 1: have to completely restructure its corp. Yeah, yeah, I think

952
00:56:20,880 --> 00:56:23,719
Speaker 1: if they could. I think if they could invent a

953
00:56:23,719 --> 00:56:27,240
Speaker 1: time machine, they'd go back to nine and say, um, guys,

954
00:56:27,320 --> 00:56:30,879
Speaker 1: let's not do this yet, or go back and say,

955
00:56:31,080 --> 00:56:33,360
Speaker 1: let's invent the digital stuff that we're gonna need before

956
00:56:33,360 --> 00:56:37,280
Speaker 1: this film thing takes off, right right, or or let's

957
00:56:37,360 --> 00:56:40,080
Speaker 1: let's really concentrate on digital and do it before anyone

958
00:56:40,120 --> 00:56:42,440
Speaker 1: else and do it better than anyone else. Yeah, there

959
00:56:42,440 --> 00:56:44,839
Speaker 1: are a lot of There are a lot of wood. Yeah,

960
00:56:44,880 --> 00:56:46,799
Speaker 1: that's that's the way it works right now. I think

961
00:56:46,840 --> 00:56:49,960
Speaker 1: I think it's it's definitely uh, it's definitely not a

962
00:56:50,000 --> 00:56:52,719
Speaker 1: sad story. It's just kind of a you know, it's

963
00:56:52,840 --> 00:56:55,960
Speaker 1: sad to see them stop making cameras. Yeah, so we'll

964
00:56:56,160 --> 00:56:58,000
Speaker 1: we'll keep your eyes on them and see what happens.

965
00:56:58,360 --> 00:57:01,040
Speaker 1: If you guys have suggestions for or topics that we

966
00:57:01,040 --> 00:57:03,760
Speaker 1: should cover, whether it's another company, whether it's a person,

967
00:57:04,040 --> 00:57:07,480
Speaker 1: a specific kind of technology, let us know. You can

968
00:57:07,520 --> 00:57:10,520
Speaker 1: tell us on Facebook or Twitter. Are handled, There is

969
00:57:10,600 --> 00:57:13,960
Speaker 1: text stuff h s W or shoot us an email.

970
00:57:14,080 --> 00:57:17,720
Speaker 1: Our address is tech stuff at Discovery dot com. And

971
00:57:17,800 --> 00:57:20,000
Speaker 1: Chris and I will talk to you again really soon.

972
00:57:24,240 --> 00:57:26,800
Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

973
00:57:27,120 --> 00:57:28,320
Speaker 1: It's ready, Are you