1 00:00:09,160 --> 00:00:11,440 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Savor Prediction by Her And I'm 2 00:00:11,440 --> 00:00:13,680 Speaker 1: Annie Reese and I'm Lauren Vogelbaum. 3 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:16,360 Speaker 2: And today we have a classic episode for you about 4 00:00:16,760 --> 00:00:17,599 Speaker 2: can openers. 5 00:00:18,880 --> 00:00:24,840 Speaker 1: This is a favorite of mine me too. I really 6 00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:30,120 Speaker 1: enjoy it on a lot of levels about just can 7 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:36,280 Speaker 1: openers can encompass so much and I've learned since we've 8 00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:40,320 Speaker 1: did this one. Uh, I don't know how to work 9 00:00:40,360 --> 00:00:46,720 Speaker 1: most of them. Okay, I have a story behind this, 10 00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:51,320 Speaker 1: but yes, we are talking about can openers. Any reason 11 00:00:51,440 --> 00:00:54,840 Speaker 1: that you had can openers on your mind? I was 12 00:00:54,880 --> 00:00:57,320 Speaker 1: just kind of going through the archive and it seems 13 00:00:57,360 --> 00:01:00,520 Speaker 1: like a fun one. It's from June of twenty eighteen. 14 00:01:00,720 --> 00:01:03,280 Speaker 1: I didn't really It feels much fresher in my mind 15 00:01:03,440 --> 00:01:06,640 Speaker 1: than that. It feels like only yesterday that we were 16 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:12,160 Speaker 1: struggling with that can of corn beef and that I 17 00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:17,160 Speaker 1: was painstakingly writing out the physical description of how a 18 00:01:17,240 --> 00:01:22,520 Speaker 1: can works. So I've said it before, I'll say it again. 19 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:25,240 Speaker 1: One of my very favorite pictures we've ever taken together 20 00:01:26,520 --> 00:01:31,440 Speaker 1: was when are at the time social media person Alison, 21 00:01:31,840 --> 00:01:35,080 Speaker 1: Who's amazing. It was like, let's film you try to 22 00:01:35,120 --> 00:01:38,800 Speaker 1: open this corn beef thing, and it took twelve minutes, 23 00:01:39,200 --> 00:01:44,120 Speaker 1: and there's a very funny picture where you're looking into 24 00:01:44,160 --> 00:01:49,080 Speaker 1: the camera holding a knife and I'm just laughing, unaware 25 00:01:50,200 --> 00:01:51,760 Speaker 1: of the danger present. 26 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:54,360 Speaker 3: It's really good. 27 00:01:56,120 --> 00:02:01,280 Speaker 2: Yep, yep, yep. Yeah that was that was That was epic, 28 00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:07,200 Speaker 2: was I And this is all bringing back to me 29 00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:10,120 Speaker 2: the fact that Annie, I have failed you. I still 30 00:02:10,160 --> 00:02:13,679 Speaker 2: have not given you one of these easy open can 31 00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:18,720 Speaker 2: openers that just pops the seal. So I'm sorry. I'm sorry, 32 00:02:18,760 --> 00:02:19,640 Speaker 2: my dude that. 33 00:02:19,560 --> 00:02:26,880 Speaker 1: I well, as I told you, I really could use it. 34 00:02:28,840 --> 00:02:31,480 Speaker 3: I recently had to. 35 00:02:31,800 --> 00:02:36,200 Speaker 1: I was house sitting for a friend and said friend 36 00:02:36,320 --> 00:02:41,000 Speaker 1: was very kind and was like, provided me with a 37 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:45,400 Speaker 1: lot of food and things. I was able to figure 38 00:02:45,440 --> 00:02:49,919 Speaker 1: out most of their kitchen without problem. Okay, but the 39 00:02:50,400 --> 00:02:55,000 Speaker 1: issue came I needed the can opener, and I kid 40 00:02:55,040 --> 00:03:02,560 Speaker 1: you not, I couldn't even recognize what the can opener. 41 00:03:02,600 --> 00:03:04,520 Speaker 1: When I eventually was like, I think this might be 42 00:03:04,600 --> 00:03:08,239 Speaker 1: the can opener, I didn't like. I think I'd passed 43 00:03:08,240 --> 00:03:10,160 Speaker 1: that thing over several times. It didn't look like a 44 00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:10,920 Speaker 1: can opener to me. 45 00:03:11,040 --> 00:03:12,520 Speaker 2: Okay, it was one of the styles that you're not 46 00:03:12,680 --> 00:03:13,000 Speaker 2: used to. 47 00:03:13,320 --> 00:03:16,200 Speaker 1: Sure, yes, and I almost was like I'm gonna have 48 00:03:16,240 --> 00:03:19,680 Speaker 1: to text her and ask her, do you have a 49 00:03:19,760 --> 00:03:20,480 Speaker 1: can opener? 50 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:22,720 Speaker 3: How does it work? Like? 51 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:26,400 Speaker 1: It was a mess, and it was a poorly tired 52 00:03:26,400 --> 00:03:29,560 Speaker 1: to miss because I have the friends over and we 53 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:31,080 Speaker 1: were cooking something and we really. 54 00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:35,160 Speaker 2: Need you need it, yeah, in a timely manner. 55 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:36,640 Speaker 3: But I'm glad. 56 00:03:37,400 --> 00:03:42,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, it was very funny though. I was like, I 57 00:03:42,600 --> 00:03:44,160 Speaker 1: just don't know how to work this thing. And one 58 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:46,160 Speaker 1: of my friends eventually figured it out. What I think, 59 00:03:46,200 --> 00:03:47,240 Speaker 1: she had to google it. 60 00:03:48,280 --> 00:03:52,480 Speaker 2: That's great. Openers are complicated, they are. They are. I 61 00:03:53,520 --> 00:03:58,040 Speaker 2: myself had to I'm in like a kind of like 62 00:03:58,240 --> 00:04:02,920 Speaker 2: comedically hilarious housing and car situation right now where my 63 00:04:02,960 --> 00:04:06,080 Speaker 2: car isn't working and I'm in this temporary home. It's 64 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:09,080 Speaker 2: all about to work out, I swear. But but yeah, 65 00:04:09,120 --> 00:04:11,360 Speaker 2: I had to door dash a can opener so I 66 00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:18,159 Speaker 2: could continue cooking dinner the other night. I was like, 67 00:04:18,200 --> 00:04:20,240 Speaker 2: all right, well, the next step can just wait for 68 00:04:21,440 --> 00:04:24,800 Speaker 2: twenty to thirty seven minutes. I guess that's gonna be. 69 00:04:24,880 --> 00:04:33,880 Speaker 2: It's gonna be absolutely fine. The struggle is real. Apparently 70 00:04:34,720 --> 00:04:37,440 Speaker 2: all of my googling didn't come up with any particularly 71 00:04:37,720 --> 00:04:42,600 Speaker 2: striking can opener news that was not unexpected. But apparently 72 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:45,479 Speaker 2: there's there's a can opener thing on the show Suits. 73 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:48,240 Speaker 2: I haven't watched that show. I don't know. 74 00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:50,839 Speaker 3: No, I'm either, but I am curious. 75 00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:59,040 Speaker 1: Yeah, I feel like can openers. 76 00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:01,040 Speaker 3: Can openers. You have your one that you know and 77 00:05:01,080 --> 00:05:01,839 Speaker 3: then that's it. 78 00:05:02,440 --> 00:05:02,840 Speaker 1: I just. 79 00:05:05,560 --> 00:05:08,200 Speaker 3: And then when it doesn't work, it is a big problem. 80 00:05:08,320 --> 00:05:18,160 Speaker 2: It's a whole can of worms. It's a anyway, maybe 81 00:05:18,200 --> 00:05:22,440 Speaker 2: maybe we should perhaps allow former Annie and Lauren to 82 00:05:22,520 --> 00:05:33,360 Speaker 2: take it away. 83 00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:37,479 Speaker 3: Hello, and welcome to food Stuff. I'm Annie Reeves and 84 00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:38,039 Speaker 3: I'm more in. 85 00:05:38,080 --> 00:05:42,800 Speaker 2: Vocal Bomb And Okay, Annie, Well we're talking about can 86 00:05:42,800 --> 00:05:43,479 Speaker 2: openers today. 87 00:05:43,839 --> 00:05:46,880 Speaker 3: Yeah, mostly can openers and cans kind. 88 00:05:46,720 --> 00:05:48,800 Speaker 2: Of kind of a little bit. Yeah, a whole other 89 00:05:48,800 --> 00:05:53,760 Speaker 2: episode on canned food will need to be forthcoming. Yeah, absolutely, 90 00:05:53,880 --> 00:05:56,799 Speaker 2: But can opener technology is also really interesting, especially because 91 00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:00,960 Speaker 2: the can opener wasn't invented for almost fifty years after 92 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:02,120 Speaker 2: cans were invented. 93 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:07,600 Speaker 3: Yeah, and I want struggles being real. 94 00:06:07,880 --> 00:06:13,480 Speaker 1: Speaking of struggles being real, Lauren and I engaged in 95 00:06:13,520 --> 00:06:19,479 Speaker 1: a twelve minute battle to open a can of corn 96 00:06:19,520 --> 00:06:23,240 Speaker 1: beef a week ago maybe. 97 00:06:22,880 --> 00:06:23,040 Speaker 2: And. 98 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:28,200 Speaker 1: It got us thinking because it was a can opener 99 00:06:28,279 --> 00:06:30,000 Speaker 1: that eventually saved the day. 100 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:32,239 Speaker 3: It was we tried with the little key. 101 00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:35,120 Speaker 2: Oh right. It was one of those those rectangular, kind 102 00:06:35,160 --> 00:06:38,880 Speaker 2: of trapezoidal cans that has little the little pull key 103 00:06:39,080 --> 00:06:42,200 Speaker 2: on it that hypothetically you're supposed to be able to 104 00:06:42,240 --> 00:06:47,159 Speaker 2: like twist the key and the there's a seam in 105 00:06:47,240 --> 00:06:49,960 Speaker 2: the can that will kind of pop, and then you 106 00:06:50,279 --> 00:06:53,680 Speaker 2: can like twist the seam around the edge of the 107 00:06:53,720 --> 00:06:56,640 Speaker 2: can and it will just release. That's not what happened 108 00:06:56,839 --> 00:06:57,240 Speaker 2: to us. 109 00:06:57,600 --> 00:07:06,320 Speaker 1: No, It's one of my favorite things is I we 110 00:07:06,400 --> 00:07:08,599 Speaker 1: have footage of this. We have video footage of this, 111 00:07:09,240 --> 00:07:12,240 Speaker 1: and I sped it up and it still took six 112 00:07:12,680 --> 00:07:16,160 Speaker 1: minutes of us trying to open a can. 113 00:07:16,640 --> 00:07:23,320 Speaker 2: It's pretty embarrassing and hilarious and hopefully hilarious. Yes, I 114 00:07:23,880 --> 00:07:26,280 Speaker 2: laugh about it now now. 115 00:07:26,360 --> 00:07:30,400 Speaker 1: It wasn't quite so funny at the time. I put 116 00:07:30,440 --> 00:07:32,280 Speaker 1: like circus music in the background. 117 00:07:32,520 --> 00:07:33,600 Speaker 2: It's very appropriate. 118 00:07:33,800 --> 00:07:37,640 Speaker 3: Yeah, we will post it eventually somewhere. Absolutely. 119 00:07:37,680 --> 00:07:40,360 Speaker 1: And if you saw on social the picture I posted 120 00:07:40,360 --> 00:07:44,080 Speaker 1: for Lauren's birthday, oh yeaing. 121 00:07:43,600 --> 00:07:47,360 Speaker 3: With the knife. That's how we were desperate. 122 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:52,160 Speaker 2: Yeah, we were desperate. The knife didn't work, FYI. 123 00:07:52,040 --> 00:07:55,520 Speaker 1: No, nothing worked, but the can opener, which is what 124 00:07:55,640 --> 00:07:57,160 Speaker 1: we're talking about today. 125 00:07:57,440 --> 00:08:02,560 Speaker 2: Yes, so can opener. What is it? 126 00:08:02,560 --> 00:08:05,120 Speaker 3: It is a device for opening cans. 127 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:05,840 Speaker 2: Well, there you go. 128 00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:06,240 Speaker 3: Yep. 129 00:08:06,560 --> 00:08:09,680 Speaker 1: It can be manual or electric, and I myself have 130 00:08:09,840 --> 00:08:12,520 Speaker 1: never figured out how to use the electric variety. 131 00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:16,000 Speaker 3: It's a running joke in my family. I cannot do it. 132 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:19,360 Speaker 2: I put it on there and it doesn't do. 133 00:08:19,800 --> 00:08:22,280 Speaker 1: It doesn't do, and then my mom comes over and 134 00:08:22,320 --> 00:08:25,080 Speaker 1: she just does some kind of slightly different gesture and 135 00:08:25,160 --> 00:08:27,880 Speaker 1: it works. I don't know if maybe I have at 136 00:08:27,920 --> 00:08:32,600 Speaker 1: my house an interesting one, or I'm just maybe I'm 137 00:08:32,640 --> 00:08:36,280 Speaker 1: not meant to open cans. I'm starting to think about 138 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:41,120 Speaker 1: my whole life. That's a possibility. I you know, you 139 00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:43,600 Speaker 1: can do without them, and these are modern times of refrigeration, 140 00:08:43,880 --> 00:08:47,240 Speaker 1: so yes, But in an apocalypse situation, I'm going to 141 00:08:47,320 --> 00:08:49,280 Speaker 1: be Oh, I'm gonna be in some trouble. 142 00:08:49,440 --> 00:08:51,439 Speaker 2: You also wouldn't need the electrical one, so. 143 00:08:51,880 --> 00:08:54,839 Speaker 1: That's true, Okay, I'll be fine, Okay. In the UK, 144 00:08:55,160 --> 00:08:58,880 Speaker 1: or perhaps with Commonwealth English, a can opener might be 145 00:08:58,960 --> 00:09:04,800 Speaker 1: called a ten sure fyi. And from nineteen seventy two 146 00:09:04,880 --> 00:09:09,040 Speaker 1: to now ish we have produced globally over three trillion 147 00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:13,280 Speaker 1: cans sixty four million tons of those are aluminum. That's 148 00:09:13,360 --> 00:09:16,240 Speaker 1: enough to go to the moon and back five hundred 149 00:09:16,280 --> 00:09:18,760 Speaker 1: times if they were stacked from end to end. Only 150 00:09:18,800 --> 00:09:21,120 Speaker 1: about a quarter of those are recycled, and a non 151 00:09:21,160 --> 00:09:25,080 Speaker 1: recycled can can take up to two hundred years to degrade. However, 152 00:09:25,160 --> 00:09:28,240 Speaker 1: if you do recycle, an aluminum can can be back 153 00:09:28,280 --> 00:09:30,800 Speaker 1: on the shelves in less than sixty days, and it 154 00:09:30,800 --> 00:09:33,480 Speaker 1: takes ninety five percent less energy to produce a can 155 00:09:33,559 --> 00:09:38,600 Speaker 1: from recycled aluminum as opposed to aluminum or Annually, billions 156 00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:44,800 Speaker 1: of cans are sold around the world, So recycle kids, especially, Yes, 157 00:09:45,520 --> 00:09:49,000 Speaker 1: I was going to say, especially certain materials are easier 158 00:09:49,040 --> 00:09:49,640 Speaker 1: to recycle. 159 00:09:49,880 --> 00:09:56,120 Speaker 2: Yet, yes, and in terms of aluminum cans, recycle those, yeah, yes, absolutely. 160 00:09:56,160 --> 00:10:00,079 Speaker 2: A canned food is made by manipulating the temperature and 161 00:10:00,160 --> 00:10:02,600 Speaker 2: the pressure of the stuff inside the can, and you 162 00:10:02,640 --> 00:10:04,560 Speaker 2: do this by heating it to the temperature at which 163 00:10:04,600 --> 00:10:07,360 Speaker 2: water boils. That's two hundred and twelve fahrenheit and or 164 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:12,080 Speaker 2: one hundred degrees celsius or higher. And at its most 165 00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:15,319 Speaker 2: basic here, you're looking to place the food or liquid 166 00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:18,320 Speaker 2: that you want to preserve in a receptacle that's airtight 167 00:10:18,440 --> 00:10:20,360 Speaker 2: except for the lid, which you place on top of 168 00:10:20,360 --> 00:10:23,240 Speaker 2: the receptacle. And you put this in a hot water bath, 169 00:10:23,559 --> 00:10:26,320 Speaker 2: and as the food or liquid in the can heats up, 170 00:10:26,360 --> 00:10:30,360 Speaker 2: it'll expand, pushing any remaining gases out of the can. 171 00:10:30,960 --> 00:10:34,760 Speaker 2: This creates an area of low pressure inside the receptacle 172 00:10:34,800 --> 00:10:40,199 Speaker 2: as compared with the normal atmosphere outside of it. Yeah, 173 00:10:40,480 --> 00:10:44,840 Speaker 2: as physics attempts to equalize that pressure in the volume 174 00:10:44,880 --> 00:10:48,160 Speaker 2: of air molecules inside and outside of the receptacle, that 175 00:10:48,200 --> 00:10:52,520 Speaker 2: the greater pressure outside will push the lid down really hard. 176 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:55,480 Speaker 2: And if it's tight fitting enough, the differences in pressure 177 00:10:55,520 --> 00:10:58,199 Speaker 2: will be enough to form an air tight or vacuum 178 00:10:58,480 --> 00:10:59,920 Speaker 2: or hermetic seal. 179 00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:00,559 Speaker 3: Mm hmm. 180 00:11:01,240 --> 00:11:03,959 Speaker 2: And yes, I said pushed down, not pulled down. 181 00:11:04,679 --> 00:11:05,040 Speaker 3: Okay. 182 00:11:05,240 --> 00:11:08,040 Speaker 2: Think of think of flying in an airplane. Okay, can 183 00:11:08,120 --> 00:11:11,800 Speaker 2: do all right. If some twilight zone stuff happens and 184 00:11:12,280 --> 00:11:15,600 Speaker 2: one of the windows on the plane pops out, William 185 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:19,160 Speaker 2: Shatner or John let go take your pick. Isn't going 186 00:11:19,200 --> 00:11:22,240 Speaker 2: to get sucked out of the airplane. He'd get he'd 187 00:11:22,240 --> 00:11:23,000 Speaker 2: get pushed out. 188 00:11:24,160 --> 00:11:24,960 Speaker 3: Oh okay. 189 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:28,680 Speaker 2: And that's because at commercial flight heights in our atmosphere 190 00:11:28,679 --> 00:11:30,880 Speaker 2: that the air is really thin. It's an area of 191 00:11:30,960 --> 00:11:34,000 Speaker 2: low pressure compared with the relatively high pressure inside of 192 00:11:34,040 --> 00:11:36,480 Speaker 2: the cabin. So if a window breaks, all that high 193 00:11:36,520 --> 00:11:39,800 Speaker 2: pressure air is gonna rush outward, pushing other objects like 194 00:11:39,840 --> 00:11:44,040 Speaker 2: William Shatner along with it. Similarly, the pressure is involved 195 00:11:44,040 --> 00:11:46,160 Speaker 2: in canning, push the lid down. 196 00:11:47,080 --> 00:11:48,200 Speaker 3: I see physics. 197 00:11:48,520 --> 00:11:50,320 Speaker 1: I never worked on my Shatner impression. 198 00:11:50,760 --> 00:11:52,880 Speaker 3: Now I'm reminded that I need to. I need to 199 00:11:52,880 --> 00:11:53,920 Speaker 3: take some time and do that. 200 00:11:54,200 --> 00:11:56,559 Speaker 2: Oh, okay, more homework. 201 00:11:56,640 --> 00:11:57,640 Speaker 3: Yeah, good job. 202 00:11:57,880 --> 00:12:02,080 Speaker 2: Very important, and this technology is really great because a 203 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:05,480 Speaker 2: the heat treatment generally gets the food hot enough for 204 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:07,920 Speaker 2: long enough to kill off any microbes that might be 205 00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:12,240 Speaker 2: in there, and b that airtight seal prevents any more 206 00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:15,720 Speaker 2: other microbes from getting in. And because, as we've talked 207 00:12:15,720 --> 00:12:19,800 Speaker 2: about before, food spoils when microbes start eating it before 208 00:12:19,800 --> 00:12:23,240 Speaker 2: you get the chance to canning food means that the 209 00:12:23,280 --> 00:12:26,040 Speaker 2: food won't spoil for a long long time. 210 00:12:26,679 --> 00:12:27,720 Speaker 3: Yeah, pretty long. 211 00:12:27,760 --> 00:12:30,760 Speaker 1: I think that corned beef that defeated US I believe 212 00:12:30,800 --> 00:12:33,240 Speaker 1: it was twenty twenty two, and that was the best buy. 213 00:12:33,520 --> 00:12:38,120 Speaker 2: Yeah, so after that, it's just yeah, and there's some 214 00:12:38,160 --> 00:12:41,280 Speaker 2: stuff that we will not go into today about different 215 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:44,160 Speaker 2: types of nutrients can degrade due to the canning process, 216 00:12:44,160 --> 00:12:46,559 Speaker 2: stuff like that. But in general, you know. 217 00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:49,640 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's actually a topic I'd love to come back 218 00:12:49,640 --> 00:12:52,960 Speaker 1: to because some listeners have written in and ask how accurate, 219 00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:58,120 Speaker 1: How accurate could those nutrition labels possibly be for things 220 00:12:58,160 --> 00:13:01,680 Speaker 1: that might degrade over time or like a bag of 221 00:13:01,679 --> 00:13:08,439 Speaker 1: spinach that was when packed in one place? Anyway, more homework. Yes, Also, 222 00:13:08,480 --> 00:13:10,040 Speaker 1: poor cannon can lead to botulism. 223 00:13:10,240 --> 00:13:15,080 Speaker 2: Oh, it certainly can. That's because Cleisterdium bochulinum, the microbe 224 00:13:15,080 --> 00:13:22,120 Speaker 2: that causes botulism, only thrives without oxygen around. So if 225 00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:25,360 Speaker 2: if you can food improperly, if you don't heat it 226 00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:27,760 Speaker 2: to the right temperature to to get rid of stuff 227 00:13:27,800 --> 00:13:30,080 Speaker 2: like that, then it can start thriving inside of the 228 00:13:30,120 --> 00:13:34,520 Speaker 2: can and eventually bloat out the can from the from 229 00:13:34,600 --> 00:13:37,200 Speaker 2: the gases that it gives off as it eats your food. 230 00:13:38,320 --> 00:13:44,120 Speaker 2: It also gives off really really toxic botulism toxin. So 231 00:13:44,480 --> 00:13:45,120 Speaker 2: you don't want that. 232 00:13:45,400 --> 00:13:46,400 Speaker 3: No, that's bad. 233 00:13:46,440 --> 00:13:47,920 Speaker 2: So that's that's why if you ever see a can 234 00:13:47,960 --> 00:13:51,880 Speaker 2: that's bloated outwards, don't eat that can. No. Yeah, And 235 00:13:52,040 --> 00:13:55,320 Speaker 2: generally cook food that you get out of a can 236 00:13:55,400 --> 00:13:58,600 Speaker 2: to an appropriate temperature before you start eating it. Usually 237 00:13:58,600 --> 00:14:01,960 Speaker 2: that's around ohness, like a one hundred and twenty two 238 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:05,800 Speaker 2: to one hundred and sixty five degrees, depending on the components. 239 00:14:05,960 --> 00:14:09,319 Speaker 1: Yes, yeah, food safety tip of the episode. 240 00:14:09,880 --> 00:14:12,000 Speaker 2: Dented cans are usually fine as long as the dent 241 00:14:12,120 --> 00:14:14,760 Speaker 2: is not along either the side seam or the top 242 00:14:14,800 --> 00:14:15,600 Speaker 2: or bottom. Scenes. 243 00:14:16,559 --> 00:14:17,040 Speaker 3: There you go. 244 00:14:17,480 --> 00:14:21,400 Speaker 2: Seems not scenes different thing entirely. 245 00:14:22,040 --> 00:14:27,320 Speaker 1: Well, that is our primer of canning and the can opener. 246 00:14:27,440 --> 00:14:29,640 Speaker 1: But we've got some pretty interesting history for you. 247 00:14:29,880 --> 00:14:30,440 Speaker 3: We do. 248 00:14:30,760 --> 00:14:34,240 Speaker 1: Yeah, but first we're gonna pause for a quick break 249 00:14:34,320 --> 00:14:46,800 Speaker 1: forward from our sponsor, and we're back. 250 00:14:46,800 --> 00:14:48,280 Speaker 3: Thank you, sponsor, Yes, thank you. 251 00:14:49,280 --> 00:14:54,480 Speaker 1: The tail of the can Opener starts with Napoleon Bonaparte. 252 00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:57,960 Speaker 1: What yeah, huh, it's been a while a while since 253 00:14:57,960 --> 00:14:59,040 Speaker 1: we've talked about Napoleon. 254 00:14:59,120 --> 00:15:00,000 Speaker 2: Yeah, hey, Napoleon. 255 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:00,520 Speaker 3: Yeah hey. 256 00:15:01,400 --> 00:15:03,680 Speaker 1: In seventeen ninety five, as he was wont to do, 257 00:15:04,160 --> 00:15:06,800 Speaker 1: Napoleon offered a prize to anyone who could figure out 258 00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:08,160 Speaker 1: a way to preserve. 259 00:15:07,880 --> 00:15:10,760 Speaker 3: Food for soldiers. Nicolas A. 260 00:15:10,880 --> 00:15:13,840 Speaker 1: Pear got the prize money in the early nineteenth century, 261 00:15:13,840 --> 00:15:17,360 Speaker 1: but his methods called not for ten cans, but glass 262 00:15:17,480 --> 00:15:20,600 Speaker 1: jars that were corked and sealed with wax, then wrapped 263 00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:24,640 Speaker 1: up and boiled. A pair also went on to publish 264 00:15:24,680 --> 00:15:28,440 Speaker 1: a book, The Art of Preserving Animal and Vegetable Substances. 265 00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:29,600 Speaker 3: And a fun aside. 266 00:15:29,800 --> 00:15:32,400 Speaker 1: Yes, he was from the Champagne region of France, so 267 00:15:32,480 --> 00:15:36,800 Speaker 1: the first glass he used they were Champagne bottles sealed 268 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:39,840 Speaker 1: with a lime and cheese mixture that seems to have 269 00:15:39,880 --> 00:15:43,880 Speaker 1: been effective. Later he did move on to wider lipped jars. 270 00:15:43,880 --> 00:15:47,520 Speaker 1: But I love thinking about buying like canned cord. 271 00:15:47,640 --> 00:15:49,600 Speaker 2: But but it's in a Champagne bottle. 272 00:15:49,720 --> 00:15:52,960 Speaker 1: Mm hmm. Finding ways to feed soldiers was a serious 273 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:55,920 Speaker 1: business during the Seven Years War of the seventeen fifties. 274 00:15:55,960 --> 00:15:58,320 Speaker 1: It's estimated half of British seamen. 275 00:15:58,080 --> 00:15:59,960 Speaker 3: Died from malnutrition. Yeah. 276 00:16:00,040 --> 00:16:03,320 Speaker 1: Yeah. In eighteen ten, the same year that a pair 277 00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:05,960 Speaker 1: won the prize money over in the United Kingdom, King 278 00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:08,360 Speaker 1: George the third granted a patent for the first iron 279 00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:12,360 Speaker 1: and tin cans to an inventor named Peter durand, similar 280 00:16:12,400 --> 00:16:15,600 Speaker 1: to a pair, durand sealed food in the cans, submerged 281 00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:17,920 Speaker 1: them in cold water before slowly bringing the temperature up 282 00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:21,880 Speaker 1: to a boil, and then resealed them it seems Durand 283 00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:25,320 Speaker 1: was kind of interested in the fame of this whole thing. 284 00:16:25,880 --> 00:16:28,200 Speaker 1: While it may have been his patent, the patent comes 285 00:16:28,240 --> 00:16:31,680 Speaker 1: with this caveat an invention communicated to him by a 286 00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:35,800 Speaker 1: certain foreigner residing abroad, and that foreigner was Frenchman Philippe 287 00:16:35,800 --> 00:16:38,760 Speaker 1: de Gerard. Gerard couldn't get the product patented in his 288 00:16:38,840 --> 00:16:41,800 Speaker 1: own country because of some red tape, so he came 289 00:16:41,840 --> 00:16:43,840 Speaker 1: to London to get it done. But he couldn't take 290 00:16:43,840 --> 00:16:46,000 Speaker 1: it out himself because the two countries. 291 00:16:45,600 --> 00:16:47,640 Speaker 2: Were at war, oh Man. 292 00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:50,200 Speaker 1: So Peter Durand was like, okay, I'll do it. Then 293 00:16:50,440 --> 00:16:54,360 Speaker 1: Duran sold the patent to Brian Doncan for one thousand pounds. 294 00:16:54,960 --> 00:16:59,240 Speaker 1: England's first commercial canning company, Donkin Hall and Gamble, opened 295 00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:03,280 Speaker 1: in eighteen thirteen. Before going out, every can of food 296 00:17:03,280 --> 00:17:05,720 Speaker 1: they produced into a month at high temperatures as sort 297 00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:08,119 Speaker 1: of a quality assurance. And they were numbered two so 298 00:17:08,160 --> 00:17:12,520 Speaker 1: you could trace back where they came from. Yeah, and 299 00:17:12,560 --> 00:17:15,440 Speaker 1: soldiers loved the canned food. There's even a cove in 300 00:17:15,560 --> 00:17:19,320 Speaker 1: chilet called calleta Duncan named because of the arriving cruise 301 00:17:19,400 --> 00:17:21,000 Speaker 1: affinity for the canned food. 302 00:17:21,320 --> 00:17:23,239 Speaker 2: I mean, and when all you've got after that is 303 00:17:23,280 --> 00:17:25,920 Speaker 2: like is like a salt beef and hard tack. Then 304 00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:27,000 Speaker 2: it's easy to see why. 305 00:17:27,119 --> 00:17:27,959 Speaker 3: Oh absolutely. 306 00:17:28,440 --> 00:17:31,760 Speaker 1: A surgeon on a friendship wrote of the stuff quote 307 00:17:31,840 --> 00:17:35,879 Speaker 1: forms a most excellent restorative to convalescence and would often 308 00:17:35,960 --> 00:17:38,720 Speaker 1: on long voyages save the lives of many men who 309 00:17:38,800 --> 00:17:43,000 Speaker 1: run into consumption tuberculosis at sea for want of nourishment 310 00:17:43,119 --> 00:17:47,120 Speaker 1: after acute diseases. My opinion, therefore is that its adoption 311 00:17:47,240 --> 00:17:50,960 Speaker 1: generally at sea would be a most desirable and laudable act. 312 00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:56,679 Speaker 1: After trying over two year old canned veal, Sir Joseph 313 00:17:56,800 --> 00:17:59,159 Speaker 1: banks Over at the Royal Society declared it to be 314 00:17:59,240 --> 00:18:02,959 Speaker 1: in a quote perfect state of preservation, and that donkins 315 00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:05,960 Speaker 1: invention was one of the most important discoveries at the 316 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:09,119 Speaker 1: age we live. In a letter penned by an engineer 317 00:18:09,160 --> 00:18:12,560 Speaker 1: in eighteen fifteen, read, I gave visitors a round of 318 00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:15,919 Speaker 1: English beef which was cooked by Messrs Donkin and Gamble 319 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:18,800 Speaker 1: two years and four months before, which with a glass 320 00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:21,000 Speaker 1: of wine, made no bad lunch. 321 00:18:22,119 --> 00:18:23,719 Speaker 3: It's kind of delightful, that is. 322 00:18:23,760 --> 00:18:27,359 Speaker 1: They got a lot of letter to kind of fan letters. 323 00:18:28,320 --> 00:18:31,680 Speaker 1: By eighteen twenty one, the order for Donkin's canned food 324 00:18:31,720 --> 00:18:35,480 Speaker 1: was somewhere around at nine thousand pounds. That same year, 325 00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:37,960 Speaker 1: Donkin ended his relationship with the company and went on 326 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:42,840 Speaker 1: to develop the first paper making machine. And it seems 327 00:18:42,880 --> 00:18:47,040 Speaker 1: he was genuinely just interested in inventing things. He wasn't 328 00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:50,360 Speaker 1: in it for the fame or the money. He kind 329 00:18:50,359 --> 00:18:52,119 Speaker 1: of was like, Okay, I did that. I'm going to 330 00:18:52,160 --> 00:18:52,960 Speaker 1: go do this wedding. 331 00:18:53,080 --> 00:18:55,400 Speaker 2: Yeah, goodbye. I already got a cove from that one, 332 00:18:55,520 --> 00:18:57,880 Speaker 2: so yeah. 333 00:18:57,280 --> 00:18:58,560 Speaker 3: I'll have to visit my cove. 334 00:19:00,280 --> 00:19:03,879 Speaker 1: These cans, though, they were very thick, and they weighed 335 00:19:03,880 --> 00:19:06,520 Speaker 1: anywhere from four to twenty pounds or about two to 336 00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:11,000 Speaker 1: nine kilos. Soldiers found they couldn't get them open unless 337 00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:15,080 Speaker 1: they used a hammer and chisel our very first pass 338 00:19:15,280 --> 00:19:18,040 Speaker 1: at a can opener, or they would just throw the 339 00:19:18,119 --> 00:19:20,040 Speaker 1: cans at things like rocks. 340 00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:22,840 Speaker 2: Yeah, just bash, just bash them until like, nope, there's 341 00:19:22,880 --> 00:19:23,240 Speaker 2: the food. 342 00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:26,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean, wouldn't it just go everywhere? 343 00:19:26,600 --> 00:19:28,640 Speaker 3: I guess if that's all you got. 344 00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:31,560 Speaker 2: I guess you form a technique. Yeah, they are men 345 00:19:31,640 --> 00:19:32,359 Speaker 2: the tool maker. 346 00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:35,200 Speaker 3: I bet a lot of people had a very specific technique. 347 00:19:35,240 --> 00:19:37,040 Speaker 2: Oh man, a certain kind of rock that you need. 348 00:19:36,920 --> 00:19:39,119 Speaker 3: To get yeah, in shape certain angle. 349 00:19:39,880 --> 00:19:45,879 Speaker 1: Yeah, absolutely, cans sometimes actually came with the instruction quote 350 00:19:45,960 --> 00:19:48,800 Speaker 1: cut around at the top with the chisel and hammer. 351 00:19:49,520 --> 00:19:53,320 Speaker 1: But Lauren and I we used a knife like fools. Fools, 352 00:19:53,960 --> 00:19:57,920 Speaker 1: But we weren't the only fools, because instructions made out 353 00:19:57,920 --> 00:19:59,960 Speaker 1: on how to open a canister from Fortinam and Mace 354 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:04,120 Speaker 1: in eighteen forty nine catalog red. First stab a hole 355 00:20:04,160 --> 00:20:05,880 Speaker 1: with the butt end of the knife near the upper 356 00:20:05,960 --> 00:20:09,800 Speaker 1: rim of the canister capital C. Then insert the blade 357 00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:12,920 Speaker 1: as far as it will go, Draw the handle towards you, 358 00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:16,480 Speaker 1: the claw resting towards the canister as a lever. When 359 00:20:16,520 --> 00:20:18,440 Speaker 1: the blade will be found to cut through the tin 360 00:20:18,520 --> 00:20:21,800 Speaker 1: with perfect ease, I somehow. 361 00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:24,439 Speaker 2: To have as I some wowed out it too. And 362 00:20:24,480 --> 00:20:26,000 Speaker 2: I can see that you doubted it because in the 363 00:20:26,040 --> 00:20:29,400 Speaker 2: nerd in the notes here you said draw the handle 364 00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:33,240 Speaker 2: towards you, and then in parentheses what with like four 365 00:20:33,280 --> 00:20:36,080 Speaker 2: exclamation points, which definitely made me laugh out loud at 366 00:20:36,080 --> 00:20:39,919 Speaker 2: my desk, which made everyone look at me. But you know, 367 00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:43,160 Speaker 2: these things where were made of like wrought iron lined 368 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:46,680 Speaker 2: with tin, and that combination of metal could be almost 369 00:20:46,680 --> 00:20:50,199 Speaker 2: a fifth of an inch thick. That's like five millimeters. 370 00:20:51,080 --> 00:20:53,239 Speaker 3: It's bake. Yeah, that's nothing to sneeze at. 371 00:20:53,359 --> 00:20:53,399 Speaker 2: No. 372 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:56,600 Speaker 1: And you can find in many a museum but also 373 00:20:56,720 --> 00:21:00,399 Speaker 1: online pictures of these old timey cans. And I I 374 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:04,960 Speaker 1: like read the you know, five millimeters, like it. 375 00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:05,600 Speaker 3: Must be thick. 376 00:21:05,760 --> 00:21:10,640 Speaker 1: But then when I saw the picture, I was like, oh. 377 00:21:09,280 --> 00:21:10,159 Speaker 2: Oh, that's a bunch. 378 00:21:10,480 --> 00:21:11,920 Speaker 3: Yeah. 379 00:21:12,080 --> 00:21:14,679 Speaker 1: I don't know if our can openers would have been 380 00:21:14,720 --> 00:21:16,640 Speaker 1: able to put much of a dent in there. 381 00:21:16,680 --> 00:21:18,520 Speaker 2: Certainly certainly not the dinky little one. 382 00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:24,800 Speaker 1: Oh geez, I'm still mad about this whole thing. Madden tickled. 383 00:21:24,840 --> 00:21:28,480 Speaker 1: At the same time, I recently broke a can opener, 384 00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:29,240 Speaker 1: a manual one. 385 00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:31,320 Speaker 3: It just like the. 386 00:21:31,840 --> 00:21:35,000 Speaker 1: Wheels went everywhere. Again, I'm not sure I'm meant to 387 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:37,800 Speaker 1: open cans. How about the pull tabs? Do you do 388 00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:42,240 Speaker 1: okay with those? Generally I have broken off the tab 389 00:21:43,160 --> 00:21:50,360 Speaker 1: many more than once, more than anyway. Not only were 390 00:21:50,400 --> 00:21:54,320 Speaker 1: these thick cans really tricky to open at am easily 391 00:21:54,320 --> 00:21:56,720 Speaker 1: six per hour, these cans were hard to produce. 392 00:21:56,760 --> 00:21:57,679 Speaker 3: They were handmade. 393 00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:00,760 Speaker 1: Improvements to speed things up didn't come along until eighteen 394 00:22:00,920 --> 00:22:04,120 Speaker 1: forty six with Henry Evans's process to make a can 395 00:22:04,160 --> 00:22:06,920 Speaker 1: with a single motion, which brought production up to sixty 396 00:22:06,960 --> 00:22:10,640 Speaker 1: cans an hour. Alan Taylor patented a machine that produced 397 00:22:10,760 --> 00:22:14,280 Speaker 1: thinner cans quicker in eighteen forty seven, but we still 398 00:22:14,280 --> 00:22:18,400 Speaker 1: had no better method for opening them. In eighteen fifty one, 399 00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:20,840 Speaker 1: John Gamble, now at the helm of the company left 400 00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:24,959 Speaker 1: behind by Donkin, introduced a whole variety of canned foods 401 00:22:24,960 --> 00:22:28,800 Speaker 1: at the Great Exhibition. Canned food was more popular than 402 00:22:28,800 --> 00:22:35,160 Speaker 1: ever until until undiln In eighteen fifty two, an inspection 403 00:22:35,240 --> 00:22:37,800 Speaker 1: of three hundred and six cans of meat revealed only 404 00:22:37,880 --> 00:22:43,280 Speaker 1: forty two had not putrefied. The smell was so bad 405 00:22:43,560 --> 00:22:45,879 Speaker 1: the inspectors had to leave the room at one point 406 00:22:45,920 --> 00:22:48,800 Speaker 1: I think it was multiple times for fresh air, and 407 00:22:48,840 --> 00:22:52,320 Speaker 1: the stone floors where they were inspecting these cans had 408 00:22:52,359 --> 00:22:56,040 Speaker 1: be coated with chloride of lime. Some of the cans 409 00:22:56,080 --> 00:22:59,280 Speaker 1: contained bits of heart rotting tongues, some of the meat 410 00:22:59,280 --> 00:23:00,480 Speaker 1: was frown disease animals. 411 00:23:00,920 --> 00:23:02,760 Speaker 3: He had ligaments, tendons, and an. 412 00:23:02,760 --> 00:23:05,080 Speaker 1: Entire quote perfectly putrid. 413 00:23:04,840 --> 00:23:06,520 Speaker 3: Kidney was found in one oho. 414 00:23:07,480 --> 00:23:11,800 Speaker 1: This prompted a nationwide inspection, and this was in the UK. 415 00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:16,280 Speaker 1: Officers on the plover tossed five hundred and seventy pounds 416 00:23:16,280 --> 00:23:18,600 Speaker 1: of canned food into the bearing streets in eighteen fifty 417 00:23:18,640 --> 00:23:21,560 Speaker 1: three after finding it in a quote pulpy, decayed and 418 00:23:21,640 --> 00:23:25,719 Speaker 1: putrid state. This all seemed to trace back to the 419 00:23:25,760 --> 00:23:29,960 Speaker 1: eighteen forty five winner of the Admiralty contract, Stefan Goldner. 420 00:23:30,520 --> 00:23:33,479 Speaker 1: He'd won this contract because he was cheaper than everyone 421 00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:36,320 Speaker 1: else thanks to the chief labor he employed and the 422 00:23:36,359 --> 00:23:39,879 Speaker 1: corners that he cut. Despite a growing number of complaints, 423 00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:42,680 Speaker 1: he was re awarded the contract with a higher demand 424 00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:45,280 Speaker 1: for ten to meat in eighteen forty seven and again 425 00:23:45,480 --> 00:23:49,040 Speaker 1: in eighteen fifty. Goldner started using bigger cans, but he 426 00:23:49,080 --> 00:23:52,640 Speaker 1: did not cook them correctly. Some historians estimate over six 427 00:23:52,720 --> 00:23:56,480 Speaker 1: hundred thousand pounds ended up getting thrown away, valued somewhere 428 00:23:56,520 --> 00:24:01,240 Speaker 1: around six six hundred and ninety one pounds. Yeah, Goldner 429 00:24:01,320 --> 00:24:03,479 Speaker 1: was never allowed to provide food for the Navy again, 430 00:24:04,000 --> 00:24:06,240 Speaker 1: and it took about ten years for people to come 431 00:24:06,280 --> 00:24:07,720 Speaker 1: back around to canned food. 432 00:24:08,640 --> 00:24:09,000 Speaker 3: Yeah. 433 00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:11,120 Speaker 2: This was kind of like the event at which people 434 00:24:11,160 --> 00:24:14,359 Speaker 2: were like, maybe not this invention. Yeah, maybe never again. 435 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:15,479 Speaker 2: This invention it was. 436 00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:18,600 Speaker 1: I've read in several places the thing that almost killed 437 00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:19,280 Speaker 1: canned food. 438 00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:20,040 Speaker 3: Yeah. 439 00:24:20,200 --> 00:24:23,560 Speaker 1: Goldner also supplied the can food for Sir John Franklin's 440 00:24:23,640 --> 00:24:26,600 Speaker 1: doomed Arctic voyage and could have possibly played a role 441 00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:30,240 Speaker 1: in its fate. In eighteen forty seven, when the bodies 442 00:24:30,240 --> 00:24:32,440 Speaker 1: of the crew were discovered, they had high levels of lead, 443 00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:36,200 Speaker 1: which people attributed to lead leaking from the cans. 444 00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:40,240 Speaker 2: Or from the soldering material at the rims of the cans. 445 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:44,240 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, and people were very scared and eager, not eager, 446 00:24:44,240 --> 00:24:47,320 Speaker 1: but ready to blame canned food. 447 00:24:47,480 --> 00:24:48,000 Speaker 3: Absolutely. 448 00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:51,320 Speaker 1: However, more recent research suggests that it was more likely 449 00:24:51,359 --> 00:24:54,600 Speaker 1: the lead piping in the ship. Oh yeah, probably wasn't 450 00:24:54,640 --> 00:25:01,480 Speaker 1: the cans. Well, good, good, yeah, good for canned food 451 00:25:02,040 --> 00:25:04,399 Speaker 1: and can foods PR did recover with the help of 452 00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:08,040 Speaker 1: some ads about its nutritional benefits, and condensed milk became 453 00:25:08,080 --> 00:25:13,359 Speaker 1: the first mass produced can food item. And this kind 454 00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:17,119 Speaker 1: of brings us to some more can opener innovations, because again, 455 00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:19,200 Speaker 1: we really don't have a good way. 456 00:25:19,080 --> 00:25:20,360 Speaker 3: To open these things yet. 457 00:25:20,520 --> 00:25:23,479 Speaker 1: Nope, nope, But first we're going to take one more 458 00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:36,000 Speaker 1: quick break for a word from our sponsor, and we're back. 459 00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:39,320 Speaker 1: Thank you, sponsor, Yes, thank you. In the US, canned 460 00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:42,399 Speaker 1: items like oysters and meats hit the shelves around eighteen 461 00:25:42,480 --> 00:25:45,560 Speaker 1: twenty five, but can foods didn't really take off until 462 00:25:45,560 --> 00:25:48,560 Speaker 1: the Civil War. Again, we've got to feed those soldiers, 463 00:25:49,080 --> 00:25:51,840 Speaker 1: and the demand went up by six times. 464 00:25:52,840 --> 00:25:53,080 Speaker 3: Now. 465 00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:55,840 Speaker 1: Ezra Warner was the first to answer the call for 466 00:25:55,920 --> 00:25:58,800 Speaker 1: a better can opener with a US patent for one 467 00:25:58,840 --> 00:25:59,840 Speaker 1: in eighteen fifty eight. 468 00:26:00,359 --> 00:26:02,600 Speaker 2: Better better as. 469 00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:05,080 Speaker 3: In not a hammer and chisel or a. 470 00:26:05,119 --> 00:26:09,840 Speaker 2: Knife heavy square scare quotes right. Yeah. 471 00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:12,840 Speaker 1: Nowadays it would be labeled as a bayonut and sickle, 472 00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:15,080 Speaker 1: if that gives you any idea. It does kind of 473 00:26:15,080 --> 00:26:17,720 Speaker 1: look like a combination of those two things. A blade 474 00:26:17,760 --> 00:26:20,440 Speaker 1: would penetrate into the top of the can, prevented from 475 00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:23,560 Speaker 1: going too deep by this kind of guard thing, and 476 00:26:23,600 --> 00:26:26,560 Speaker 1: then the sickle part, this curved blade would cut around 477 00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:29,360 Speaker 1: the top sort of like a saw, which left a 478 00:26:29,520 --> 00:26:33,560 Speaker 1: very not safe jagged edge. And so I know another 479 00:26:33,640 --> 00:26:36,880 Speaker 1: story in my tail with my bad luck with cans. 480 00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:39,800 Speaker 1: I sliced the dickens out of my head with the 481 00:26:39,960 --> 00:26:41,480 Speaker 1: edge of a can when I was two years old. 482 00:26:41,480 --> 00:26:44,199 Speaker 1: It's one of my first memories. Oh wow, how to 483 00:26:44,200 --> 00:26:44,960 Speaker 1: go to the hospital. 484 00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:47,600 Speaker 2: I assume it wasn't a can opened by one of 485 00:26:47,640 --> 00:26:50,000 Speaker 2: these things, but nonetheless. 486 00:26:49,560 --> 00:26:51,640 Speaker 3: Could have been. Who knows. 487 00:26:52,880 --> 00:26:57,800 Speaker 1: Mysteries of Annie's history, Warner's design never really took off 488 00:26:57,880 --> 00:27:01,199 Speaker 1: outside of for soldiers in the civil or in grocery 489 00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:07,160 Speaker 1: stores where grocers would open cancer customers to take home. Yeah. 490 00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:09,320 Speaker 2: Yeah, Oh, And I want to mention here that that 491 00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:13,639 Speaker 2: Louis Pastor hadn't patented his process of pasteurization of heating 492 00:27:13,640 --> 00:27:16,040 Speaker 2: foods or drinks too to an appropriate temperature to kill 493 00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:20,840 Speaker 2: off microorganisms up until this point in history. That that 494 00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:24,359 Speaker 2: came in eighteen sixty five. So this whole time, this 495 00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:29,480 Speaker 2: heating of foods to make them safer was lucky. Wow, 496 00:27:29,640 --> 00:27:32,240 Speaker 2: it was lucky that like the ceiling works this way, 497 00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:39,520 Speaker 2: and so therefore the food got cooked, killed off bacteria. Ingrats, guys, yeah, kingrats, 498 00:27:39,560 --> 00:27:40,080 Speaker 2: you did a thing. 499 00:27:40,240 --> 00:27:43,439 Speaker 3: You did. Perhaps you didn't understand why, but you did it. 500 00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:47,200 Speaker 1: A year later, in eighteen sixty six, Lauren and I's 501 00:27:47,359 --> 00:27:52,320 Speaker 1: arch Nemesis can opener was invented by Jay Osterholt. No 502 00:27:52,440 --> 00:27:56,920 Speaker 1: thanks to you, sir, the tin can with a key opener. 503 00:27:57,600 --> 00:28:00,960 Speaker 1: And yes you can still find these, particularly with canned meats. 504 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:04,399 Speaker 1: I have been meaning to look up a video of 505 00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:08,720 Speaker 1: how it should work, because I'm still at a loss 506 00:28:08,760 --> 00:28:09,640 Speaker 1: for what went wrong. 507 00:28:10,440 --> 00:28:13,200 Speaker 2: Me too, I'd like, were we not pulling hard enough 508 00:28:13,320 --> 00:28:15,800 Speaker 2: like I think we both have? Was it a matter 509 00:28:15,840 --> 00:28:17,959 Speaker 2: of strength, surprising arm strength? I don't know. 510 00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:22,800 Speaker 1: It's the can faulty many questions. The one, the can 511 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:26,600 Speaker 1: opener that's most familiar, probably for most of those outside 512 00:28:26,600 --> 00:28:29,760 Speaker 1: of the electric one, came about in eighteen seventy courtesy 513 00:28:29,760 --> 00:28:32,879 Speaker 1: of one William Lyman. He patented a can opener that 514 00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:35,960 Speaker 1: used a rotary cutter method, but it did look a 515 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:37,879 Speaker 1: bit different than what you'd find a day. It was 516 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:41,200 Speaker 1: just a wheel that went around the can's edge, just 517 00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:44,320 Speaker 1: cutting away as it did. The design was refined in 518 00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:46,920 Speaker 1: the nineteen twenties by the Star Can Company. 519 00:28:47,360 --> 00:28:49,040 Speaker 2: Star Can Company. 520 00:28:48,800 --> 00:28:54,000 Speaker 1: Yes, and Charles Arthur Bunker, who added the wheels serrated edges. 521 00:28:55,320 --> 00:28:59,000 Speaker 1: Before that, though, people lost a lot of fingers with 522 00:28:59,080 --> 00:29:02,560 Speaker 1: the so called bull beef can opener. And this thing 523 00:29:02,640 --> 00:29:05,320 Speaker 1: looked kind of like a wrench but with blades. 524 00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:08,920 Speaker 2: Yeah, this was like the fun update to that bayonet 525 00:29:09,640 --> 00:29:13,000 Speaker 2: style can opener, A little bit safer. 526 00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:16,400 Speaker 3: But a little not for your fingers. 527 00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:19,120 Speaker 1: The name is because a lot of the can foods 528 00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:21,360 Speaker 1: in the army were ten meats, and these can openers 529 00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:23,600 Speaker 1: were what soldiers used during World War One. To get 530 00:29:23,680 --> 00:29:27,160 Speaker 1: to that stuff, I recommend looking out pictures of that 531 00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:28,200 Speaker 1: as well, because it's like. 532 00:29:29,400 --> 00:29:32,600 Speaker 2: Yeah, a lot of them were a terrifying looking, but 533 00:29:32,760 --> 00:29:35,520 Speaker 2: be decorated to look like little bulls with a little 534 00:29:35,560 --> 00:29:37,880 Speaker 2: like it kind of makes sense, like it's the you're 535 00:29:37,920 --> 00:29:41,560 Speaker 2: opening it with like the bulls jaw I guess right, yeah, 536 00:29:41,600 --> 00:29:46,560 Speaker 2: the corns. Yeah, it's it's interesting, fanciful, yeah, for something 537 00:29:46,560 --> 00:29:47,560 Speaker 2: that might take off a finger. 538 00:29:47,800 --> 00:29:48,360 Speaker 3: Absolutely. 539 00:29:49,160 --> 00:29:52,600 Speaker 1: The first known Hinz baked beans can traces back to 540 00:29:52,640 --> 00:29:55,320 Speaker 1: eighteen ninety five from an old recipe out of Boston, 541 00:29:55,800 --> 00:29:57,520 Speaker 1: and these cans made their way over to London in 542 00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:00,520 Speaker 1: nineteen oh one and have since become part of the 543 00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:04,120 Speaker 1: English breakfast. The UK is the number one consumer of 544 00:30:04,160 --> 00:30:06,760 Speaker 1: baked beans and the US isn't even in the top ten. 545 00:30:07,800 --> 00:30:10,640 Speaker 3: I just thought that was a little interesting. Yeah, yeah, 546 00:30:10,680 --> 00:30:11,240 Speaker 3: it really is. 547 00:30:12,360 --> 00:30:15,280 Speaker 1: The double seaming of cans helped speed the process of 548 00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:18,200 Speaker 1: making them along in eighteen ninety six, and this. 549 00:30:18,200 --> 00:30:20,880 Speaker 2: Is a type of seal along along the lid of 550 00:30:20,880 --> 00:30:22,920 Speaker 2: the can, and it's still in use today, which is 551 00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:26,040 Speaker 2: fascinating to me. Okay, so when the lid is fitted 552 00:30:26,040 --> 00:30:27,880 Speaker 2: on the edge of the lid and the lip of 553 00:30:27,920 --> 00:30:30,840 Speaker 2: the cans cylinder, like the wall of the can, yeah, 554 00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:33,440 Speaker 2: are folded around each other and then crimped together. And 555 00:30:33,480 --> 00:30:35,960 Speaker 2: this can create that airtight seal that you're looking for. 556 00:30:36,520 --> 00:30:38,640 Speaker 2: And would you guys go on a visual journey with 557 00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:44,240 Speaker 2: me on this audio podcast, absolutely, because the way that 558 00:30:44,280 --> 00:30:49,160 Speaker 2: it's designed is super fascinating. I mean it's just really 559 00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:53,720 Speaker 2: clean design from a design standpoint. Okay, to picture what's 560 00:30:53,760 --> 00:30:56,280 Speaker 2: going on in this fold, it's like if you took 561 00:30:56,360 --> 00:30:59,840 Speaker 2: if you took a candy cane, okay, and pointed point 562 00:30:59,840 --> 00:31:03,720 Speaker 2: to it so that the crook is facing left, all right, yep. 563 00:31:03,880 --> 00:31:05,600 Speaker 2: The straight edge of the cane is the wall of 564 00:31:05,640 --> 00:31:08,840 Speaker 2: the can, and the crook is this little extra bit 565 00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:11,080 Speaker 2: of metal that's going to help form the seal. 566 00:31:11,360 --> 00:31:12,480 Speaker 3: Okay, all right, yep. 567 00:31:12,680 --> 00:31:14,680 Speaker 2: Now take a question. 568 00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:19,600 Speaker 3: Mark okay, well, this is fun and rotate. 569 00:31:19,240 --> 00:31:21,280 Speaker 2: It ninety degrees counterclockwise. 570 00:31:21,760 --> 00:31:22,840 Speaker 3: Okay, all right, so. 571 00:31:23,120 --> 00:31:25,760 Speaker 2: That the crook is kind of facing down and like 572 00:31:25,840 --> 00:31:31,240 Speaker 2: the flat flat bit is parallel to the ground. Does 573 00:31:31,280 --> 00:31:31,880 Speaker 2: that make sense? 574 00:31:31,920 --> 00:31:32,320 Speaker 3: It does? 575 00:31:32,480 --> 00:31:36,200 Speaker 2: Okay. The straight edge of the mark is the lid 576 00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:38,880 Speaker 2: of the can, okay, And the crook of the question 577 00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:41,280 Speaker 2: mark is a little extra bit that's also going to 578 00:31:41,280 --> 00:31:44,160 Speaker 2: help form the seal. So you fit the crook of 579 00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:47,000 Speaker 2: the candy cane into the crook of the question mark 580 00:31:48,880 --> 00:31:52,440 Speaker 2: and while wow, press them together and that's it. 581 00:31:53,000 --> 00:31:54,040 Speaker 3: That was amazing, Laurence. 582 00:31:54,920 --> 00:31:56,360 Speaker 2: I'm just shocked that it worked. 583 00:31:56,400 --> 00:31:59,920 Speaker 3: I just went on this journey in my head. It's wonderful. 584 00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:05,440 Speaker 3: I was in it all the way. 585 00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:10,480 Speaker 2: So, yeah, it's a really ingenious way of just making it, 586 00:32:10,600 --> 00:32:11,080 Speaker 2: making it do. 587 00:32:11,480 --> 00:32:11,720 Speaker 3: Yeah. 588 00:32:11,800 --> 00:32:13,800 Speaker 2: I add a little bit of glue or a rubber 589 00:32:13,840 --> 00:32:16,320 Speaker 2: seal in there, and it's very effective. 590 00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:20,120 Speaker 1: Centuries olt century centuryls. 591 00:32:20,600 --> 00:32:22,320 Speaker 3: Yeah. 592 00:32:22,480 --> 00:32:26,440 Speaker 1: In nineteen thirty one, the electric can opener entered the market. 593 00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:29,720 Speaker 1: The company behind it, the Bucker Clancy Company, faced a 594 00:32:29,800 --> 00:32:33,480 Speaker 1: lawsuit from the Star can Opener, but they changed their 595 00:32:33,520 --> 00:32:34,920 Speaker 1: design enough that they. 596 00:32:34,760 --> 00:32:36,240 Speaker 3: Were able to get away with it. 597 00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:40,800 Speaker 1: It took twenty five years before they became practical, though, 598 00:32:40,840 --> 00:32:43,760 Speaker 1: thanks to a father and daughter duo that came up 599 00:32:43,760 --> 00:32:46,320 Speaker 1: with one in their garage that could freestand on the 600 00:32:46,360 --> 00:32:47,000 Speaker 1: kitchen counter. 601 00:32:47,600 --> 00:32:48,600 Speaker 2: Oh yeah, yeah. 602 00:32:49,280 --> 00:32:52,720 Speaker 1: The first Canda beer cougar cream ale out of Virginia 603 00:32:52,760 --> 00:32:57,480 Speaker 1: went on sale in nineteen thirty five. Several can openers 604 00:32:57,480 --> 00:33:00,440 Speaker 1: were developed for soldiers during World War two. A lot 605 00:33:00,520 --> 00:33:03,040 Speaker 1: of them were more compact, perhaps your Swiss army knife 606 00:33:03,040 --> 00:33:08,000 Speaker 1: of multiple uses shan opener. Andy Warhol's painting of thirty 607 00:33:08,040 --> 00:33:11,680 Speaker 1: two soup cans hits the art scene in nineteen sixty two. 608 00:33:12,920 --> 00:33:16,440 Speaker 1: In nineteen sixty three, Emmy Rays invented the easy open 609 00:33:16,520 --> 00:33:20,360 Speaker 1: aluminum can top, especially useful for can drinks. Before that, 610 00:33:20,480 --> 00:33:22,280 Speaker 1: you had to use a tool that left a triangle 611 00:33:22,360 --> 00:33:25,480 Speaker 1: hole on the top of cans to get to your drink. Yeah. 612 00:33:25,560 --> 00:33:28,680 Speaker 2: Yeah, you'd make one little one little punch on one 613 00:33:28,720 --> 00:33:31,000 Speaker 2: side of the lid and another little punch on the 614 00:33:31,040 --> 00:33:34,719 Speaker 2: other so that you aren't going to get the liquid 615 00:33:34,800 --> 00:33:36,800 Speaker 2: pressure stopping from pouring it out. 616 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:40,640 Speaker 1: I feel like I've been to perhaps the hipster esque restaurant. 617 00:33:40,840 --> 00:33:44,080 Speaker 1: I still still use it, I think so. I've definitely 618 00:33:44,480 --> 00:33:46,040 Speaker 1: drank out of a can like that before. 619 00:33:47,920 --> 00:33:51,640 Speaker 2: In the nineteen sixties, we saw patents for machines that 620 00:33:51,680 --> 00:33:55,960 Speaker 2: would unfold that that folded seal of a tin can. 621 00:33:56,280 --> 00:33:58,640 Speaker 2: But they took a lot of energy, and that's we're 622 00:33:58,640 --> 00:34:01,480 Speaker 2: more of an industrial thing than home use kind of object. 623 00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:04,760 Speaker 2: In the eighties, people were experimenting with can openers that 624 00:34:05,280 --> 00:34:08,719 Speaker 2: acted on the cylinder wall of the can rather than 625 00:34:08,760 --> 00:34:13,400 Speaker 2: on the lid, though that still left a sharp edge 626 00:34:13,480 --> 00:34:18,719 Speaker 2: and like wasn't necessarily easier than attacking the lid. But 627 00:34:19,080 --> 00:34:22,279 Speaker 2: in nineteen ninety three we finally saw a patent for 628 00:34:22,400 --> 00:34:25,400 Speaker 2: the safety can opener, which is my favorite type of 629 00:34:25,440 --> 00:34:28,280 Speaker 2: can opener. Okay, all right, So rather than cutting through 630 00:34:28,520 --> 00:34:30,600 Speaker 2: the wall of the can or the lid of the can, 631 00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:35,160 Speaker 2: it cuts through the outermost layer of that folded seam, 632 00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:37,280 Speaker 2: which which is just a little piece of the lid. 633 00:34:38,120 --> 00:34:41,000 Speaker 2: So you just cut through the outermost layer of that. 634 00:34:41,560 --> 00:34:43,520 Speaker 2: And the way that the way that it works, it 635 00:34:43,520 --> 00:34:46,600 Speaker 2: also like bends the metal out a little bit, so 636 00:34:46,600 --> 00:34:48,719 Speaker 2: so you you just cut around the seam of the 637 00:34:48,920 --> 00:34:54,160 Speaker 2: of the lid rather than the actual huh, lid itself, 638 00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:57,680 Speaker 2: and it just pops right off wow boop, and then 639 00:34:57,680 --> 00:34:58,840 Speaker 2: it can and you can just kind of pop it 640 00:34:58,880 --> 00:35:01,600 Speaker 2: right back on again. No, no sharp edges. 641 00:35:02,320 --> 00:35:03,759 Speaker 3: Man, I've never heard of this. 642 00:35:04,080 --> 00:35:07,000 Speaker 2: Oh oh man, Okay, probably what I need. I'm going 643 00:35:07,080 --> 00:35:09,279 Speaker 2: to go get you one, like right after this podcast. 644 00:35:09,320 --> 00:35:11,360 Speaker 2: Do you apparently need one very badly? 645 00:35:11,840 --> 00:35:12,960 Speaker 3: Yeah, I think so. 646 00:35:13,920 --> 00:35:16,600 Speaker 1: Canned food got a boost after the recession in the 647 00:35:16,719 --> 00:35:20,000 Speaker 1: US in two thousand and nine about eleven percent increase. 648 00:35:20,560 --> 00:35:22,719 Speaker 1: And there was a lot of talk before that of 649 00:35:24,239 --> 00:35:26,680 Speaker 1: can food was going to be a dying industry. It's 650 00:35:26,719 --> 00:35:30,600 Speaker 1: going to be replaced by frozen food or just like 651 00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:36,440 Speaker 1: bagged bagged food. But people in the can food industry 652 00:35:36,440 --> 00:35:37,800 Speaker 1: seem pretty confident. 653 00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:39,000 Speaker 2: That it's sticking around. 654 00:35:39,040 --> 00:35:40,920 Speaker 3: Yeah, and I would agree. 655 00:35:41,320 --> 00:35:44,319 Speaker 1: Yeah, and now we have ways to get to the 656 00:35:44,360 --> 00:35:45,800 Speaker 1: food inside the can. 657 00:35:45,800 --> 00:35:47,240 Speaker 3: Thanks to the can opener. 658 00:35:47,520 --> 00:35:52,960 Speaker 1: Yes, yes, so that is our look story. 659 00:35:53,239 --> 00:35:55,440 Speaker 2: Yeah, oh, story of the can opener. 660 00:35:55,480 --> 00:35:58,520 Speaker 1: The story of the can opener. It is a very 661 00:35:58,560 --> 00:35:59,239 Speaker 1: interesting one. 662 00:35:59,280 --> 00:35:59,920 Speaker 3: I just love it. 663 00:36:00,200 --> 00:36:04,200 Speaker 1: Us that long too to figure out how to do it. Yeah, 664 00:36:04,280 --> 00:36:10,120 Speaker 1: and I mean you and I still still struggle, me 665 00:36:10,280 --> 00:36:11,040 Speaker 1: more so than you. 666 00:36:11,120 --> 00:36:13,920 Speaker 2: But I wouldn't call what I do in that video 667 00:36:14,600 --> 00:36:16,200 Speaker 2: succeeding with flying colors. 668 00:36:16,480 --> 00:36:20,319 Speaker 3: So no one succeeded in that video except for the 669 00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:23,239 Speaker 3: can of corn. It was. 670 00:36:23,440 --> 00:36:24,560 Speaker 2: It was the winner that day. 671 00:36:24,760 --> 00:36:26,680 Speaker 3: Yeah, we just. 672 00:36:26,800 --> 00:36:36,319 Speaker 1: Left feeling very humbled perhaps, Yes, and that brings us 673 00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:40,520 Speaker 1: to the end of this classic episode on the can opener. 674 00:36:41,040 --> 00:36:43,839 Speaker 3: We hope that you enjoyed it as much as we did. 675 00:36:44,760 --> 00:36:45,120 Speaker 3: Uh huh. 676 00:36:45,680 --> 00:36:48,840 Speaker 2: I will say it's like an addendum to our outline. 677 00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:54,000 Speaker 2: There there was another boom in canned food sales early 678 00:36:54,160 --> 00:36:57,880 Speaker 2: in the COVID nineteen pandemic, and it's remained. Sales have 679 00:36:57,920 --> 00:37:01,120 Speaker 2: remained higher than they were in years leading up to that. 680 00:37:01,719 --> 00:37:05,759 Speaker 2: Experts cite the high prices of fresh foods and also 681 00:37:05,800 --> 00:37:09,120 Speaker 2: people just being busy and kind of like meetings, just like, 682 00:37:09,160 --> 00:37:10,480 Speaker 2: oh no, that's that's close enough. 683 00:37:10,520 --> 00:37:13,560 Speaker 3: Here we go. Yeah. 684 00:37:13,960 --> 00:37:16,840 Speaker 1: Yeah, And for people who have been listening to the show, 685 00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:19,320 Speaker 1: I mean, you know, I had my whole refrigerator problem. 686 00:37:19,480 --> 00:37:21,719 Speaker 1: I had to get real creative if you didn't want to, 687 00:37:21,800 --> 00:37:24,560 Speaker 1: like go to the grocery store to you often during 688 00:37:24,600 --> 00:37:29,120 Speaker 1: the pandemic and you just get a lot more stable stuff. Yeah, 689 00:37:29,360 --> 00:37:31,200 Speaker 1: so that makes sense, That makes sense. I would love 690 00:37:31,239 --> 00:37:38,280 Speaker 1: to hear from listeners though your can opener preferences, difficulties. 691 00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:40,120 Speaker 1: Let's let's share our. 692 00:37:40,040 --> 00:37:43,280 Speaker 2: Difficult Yeah, yeah, safe space. 693 00:37:45,160 --> 00:37:49,200 Speaker 1: And I'm just curious, Well, if you want to send 694 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:52,920 Speaker 1: those difficulties to us, you can. Our email is hello 695 00:37:53,040 --> 00:37:55,640 Speaker 1: at savorpod dot com. We're also on social media. 696 00:37:55,719 --> 00:37:58,560 Speaker 2: You can find us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at 697 00:37:58,640 --> 00:38:00,799 Speaker 2: saver pod and we do hope to hear from you. 698 00:38:01,200 --> 00:38:03,960 Speaker 2: Savor is production of iHeartRadio four more podcasts. In my 699 00:38:03,960 --> 00:38:07,480 Speaker 2: Heart Radio. You can visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, 700 00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:10,439 Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. Thanks as 701 00:38:10,440 --> 00:38:13,280 Speaker 2: always to our super producers Dylan Fagan and Andrew Howard. 702 00:38:13,440 --> 00:38:15,120 Speaker 2: Thanks to you for listening, and we hope that lots 703 00:38:15,160 --> 00:38:24,239 Speaker 2: more good things are coming your way.