1 00:00:01,480 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of I 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,440 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh 3 00:00:13,480 --> 00:00:15,960 Speaker 1: Clark and there's Charles w Chuck Bryan over there, and 4 00:00:16,120 --> 00:00:20,360 Speaker 1: Jerry's lurking in the background like a total creep, which 5 00:00:20,400 --> 00:00:23,599 Speaker 1: is super appropriate for Jerry. And this is stuff you 6 00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:27,080 Speaker 1: should know. Have you been singing the song all day? 7 00:00:27,920 --> 00:00:30,920 Speaker 1: Venus as a boy? How can you not sing that song? 8 00:00:31,840 --> 00:00:33,440 Speaker 1: I don't know. I mean, I guess you could be 9 00:00:33,479 --> 00:00:38,920 Speaker 1: singing that um shocking blue song Venus that Banana Rama covered. 10 00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:42,599 Speaker 1: Oh no, that's the one that I was talking about. Oh, 11 00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:44,559 Speaker 1: I was talking about the b York song Venus as 12 00:00:44,600 --> 00:00:46,880 Speaker 1: a boy. Oh no, no, no, sorry, I was thinking 13 00:00:46,920 --> 00:00:51,639 Speaker 1: of It's a good one. I'm mel Venus actually funny enough, Like, honestly, 14 00:00:51,680 --> 00:00:53,519 Speaker 1: that had not popped into my head and now I 15 00:00:53,560 --> 00:00:55,520 Speaker 1: won't be able to get it out. So thanks a lot. 16 00:00:55,680 --> 00:01:00,200 Speaker 1: I thought of you yesterday. I was someone some don't 17 00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:01,360 Speaker 1: even know who it was. It was just one of 18 00:01:01,360 --> 00:01:04,360 Speaker 1: those Facebook posts that comes into your feed said. All 19 00:01:04,400 --> 00:01:08,240 Speaker 1: it said was now the final countdown by Europe is 20 00:01:08,280 --> 00:01:13,320 Speaker 1: in your head. That's all it was like, is that? Josh, Wow, 21 00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:16,800 Speaker 1: that's amazing that's the catchiest song of all time. It 22 00:01:16,880 --> 00:01:21,360 Speaker 1: was pretty funny. That's great. So, um, chuck, we're doing Venus. 23 00:01:21,560 --> 00:01:24,640 Speaker 1: And I was like skimming the House of Work site 24 00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:27,400 Speaker 1: looking for articles and I started to see I saw 25 00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:30,480 Speaker 1: this one article about how Venus is um starting to 26 00:01:30,520 --> 00:01:34,360 Speaker 1: get some love again from the space agencies, and um, 27 00:01:34,440 --> 00:01:36,320 Speaker 1: how little we actually know about it. And so I 28 00:01:36,400 --> 00:01:38,360 Speaker 1: was like this, you know, we've never done one on Venus. 29 00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:40,440 Speaker 1: We don't usually do planet yet. Maybe we should eventually 30 00:01:40,520 --> 00:01:44,520 Speaker 1: do all the planets over time. Um, but this is 31 00:01:44,520 --> 00:01:46,280 Speaker 1: a pretty good place to start. Because the more I 32 00:01:46,319 --> 00:01:48,640 Speaker 1: dug into Venus, the more I was like, this is 33 00:01:49,120 --> 00:01:54,200 Speaker 1: one of the most interesting planets of all time. Actually, yeah, like, uh, 34 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:56,560 Speaker 1: you know it's described in this article that you put 35 00:01:56,600 --> 00:01:59,960 Speaker 1: together as a hell escape, and when you start reading 36 00:02:00,080 --> 00:02:03,920 Speaker 1: get to it, it's like, wow, you will melt and 37 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:06,480 Speaker 1: boil if you get near it, or be destroyed. You 38 00:02:06,520 --> 00:02:08,639 Speaker 1: won't even get near it because the sulphuric acid in 39 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:12,040 Speaker 1: the clouds will destroy you, yeah, and your teeth. Yeah. 40 00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:15,160 Speaker 1: So it's like, yeah, not not a hospitable place, but 41 00:02:15,240 --> 00:02:18,560 Speaker 1: possibly once was, yeah, which makes the whole thing even 42 00:02:18,600 --> 00:02:22,880 Speaker 1: more compelling. It wasn't always like this, you know. Um, 43 00:02:22,919 --> 00:02:26,239 Speaker 1: it's like the mom and what's eating Gilbert grape when 44 00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:29,880 Speaker 1: she sees um is it? Juliette Lewis and says I 45 00:02:29,919 --> 00:02:32,480 Speaker 1: wasn't always like this? And Juliet Lewis says, I wasn't 46 00:02:32,520 --> 00:02:36,400 Speaker 1: always like this. It's just like that it is, basically, 47 00:02:36,440 --> 00:02:39,240 Speaker 1: except on a planetary scale. Yeah, And I think the 48 00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:41,240 Speaker 1: cool thing about Venus to which we can put a 49 00:02:41,240 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 1: pin in this but um, we're starting to gain more 50 00:02:45,200 --> 00:02:47,560 Speaker 1: interest in Venus now because it could offer a peak 51 00:02:47,919 --> 00:02:51,200 Speaker 1: into our own bleak future as a planet. Yes, just 52 00:02:51,360 --> 00:02:53,880 Speaker 1: like you said, put a pin in that and smoke 53 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:57,200 Speaker 1: it in your hat. Um. So it's weird that Venus 54 00:02:57,280 --> 00:02:59,799 Speaker 1: is this hellscape now that we understand it, because it's 55 00:02:59,800 --> 00:03:02,919 Speaker 1: a it's a very ancient planet as far as human 56 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:05,960 Speaker 1: consciousness of it goes, because it is so bright. It's 57 00:03:05,960 --> 00:03:09,160 Speaker 1: actually the third brightest object in the sky after the 58 00:03:09,200 --> 00:03:12,840 Speaker 1: Sun and the moon, thanks comes Venus. Um. So like 59 00:03:12,919 --> 00:03:14,720 Speaker 1: humans have been able to see it long before we 60 00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:18,240 Speaker 1: had anything like telescopes or anything like that. And in fact, 61 00:03:18,280 --> 00:03:22,040 Speaker 1: as far back as I think sixteen sixty BC or 62 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:26,120 Speaker 1: the six hundred BC, um, the Babylonians were tracking it, 63 00:03:26,200 --> 00:03:28,720 Speaker 1: and they called the Ishtar after the goddess of love 64 00:03:28,760 --> 00:03:32,799 Speaker 1: and war after the movie. And then yeah, then they 65 00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:37,200 Speaker 1: would say it Ishtar black, and then some would go, hey, 66 00:03:37,240 --> 00:03:40,240 Speaker 1: it's not as bad as everyone says, that's right, and 67 00:03:40,240 --> 00:03:42,080 Speaker 1: then that person would get shouted down, and then the 68 00:03:42,120 --> 00:03:44,520 Speaker 1: whole cycle would start over again. Yeah, it went by 69 00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:48,240 Speaker 1: quite a few different names. It was Ishtar, uh they 70 00:03:48,360 --> 00:03:50,920 Speaker 1: you know, before the Hellenistic Greeks came along, they thought 71 00:03:50,960 --> 00:03:53,960 Speaker 1: it was actually two different stars, so it was known 72 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:58,279 Speaker 1: as both Vesper the evening star, and Lucifer or Phosphorus 73 00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:03,320 Speaker 1: the morning star. That's right. And then eventually Pythagoras said, 74 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:06,280 Speaker 1: it's just one star everyone, and can we settle on 75 00:04:06,320 --> 00:04:10,040 Speaker 1: a name? And the Hellenstic Greek said, how about Aphrodite, 76 00:04:10,440 --> 00:04:12,840 Speaker 1: And then of course the Romans came along said no, 77 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:16,279 Speaker 1: we call it Venus. That's right, and that's where we've 78 00:04:16,279 --> 00:04:20,080 Speaker 1: settled because the the Western world is modeled on the 79 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:23,599 Speaker 1: Roman world. I guess. But Venus, the idea that it 80 00:04:23,720 --> 00:04:26,440 Speaker 1: is this feminine planet, that it has to do with 81 00:04:26,640 --> 00:04:30,800 Speaker 1: love and beauty, Uh, it really isn't start contrast to 82 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:33,640 Speaker 1: how we understand it today. Since we we did start 83 00:04:33,720 --> 00:04:37,600 Speaker 1: really exploring it in the nineteen sixties. But even still, 84 00:04:37,640 --> 00:04:39,839 Speaker 1: if you if you look at um some of the 85 00:04:39,880 --> 00:04:43,600 Speaker 1: details of Venus that have been named by people. Apparently 86 00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:46,800 Speaker 1: almost all of the features on Venus are named after women, 87 00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:50,960 Speaker 1: Like there's a crater named after Chicago Way, there's a 88 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:53,960 Speaker 1: canyon named after Diana, the Roman goddess of the hunt, 89 00:04:54,279 --> 00:04:58,279 Speaker 1: so it's it's all about feminine beauty. But it's also 90 00:04:58,400 --> 00:05:00,960 Speaker 1: like this crazy health gape that will make your teeth 91 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:02,920 Speaker 1: fall out and burn you alive. So it's a real 92 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:06,400 Speaker 1: paradox in terms, you know what I mean totally. Uh. 93 00:05:06,440 --> 00:05:10,240 Speaker 1: It is the second planet from the sun um, which 94 00:05:10,279 --> 00:05:14,359 Speaker 1: is makes Venus our little neighbor, and which also means 95 00:05:14,400 --> 00:05:17,080 Speaker 1: that if Venus is getting sunlight, it's getting that light 96 00:05:17,120 --> 00:05:20,920 Speaker 1: a couple of minutes before we do. Uh. It is terrestrial, 97 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:23,800 Speaker 1: so it's made of rocks and solid things as opposed 98 00:05:23,839 --> 00:05:27,120 Speaker 1: to being like a gas planet like Jupiter and Saturn. 99 00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:29,880 Speaker 1: And there's also a boundary between the surface of the 100 00:05:29,880 --> 00:05:33,360 Speaker 1: planet in the atmosphere, so you know, it is like 101 00:05:33,480 --> 00:05:36,719 Speaker 1: Earth in some ways, but also not like Earth in 102 00:05:36,920 --> 00:05:39,599 Speaker 1: a whole lot of ways. Well it, I mean, it 103 00:05:39,680 --> 00:05:43,159 Speaker 1: is often called Earth's twin and then sometimes Earth's toxic twin. 104 00:05:43,640 --> 00:05:48,240 Speaker 1: I think that's an Aerosmith reference. But um, because it 105 00:05:48,360 --> 00:05:51,240 Speaker 1: is closer to the Sun than we are, it's one 106 00:05:51,440 --> 00:05:55,880 Speaker 1: one planet in it's orbit actually is between us and 107 00:05:55,920 --> 00:05:58,440 Speaker 1: the Sun. It falls within our orbit around the Sun, 108 00:05:58,720 --> 00:06:01,839 Speaker 1: which means that to us here on Earth, Venus seems 109 00:06:01,880 --> 00:06:05,680 Speaker 1: to have phases like the Moon does, which is pretty cool. Yeah, 110 00:06:05,720 --> 00:06:11,400 Speaker 1: I think Galilee figure that out in sixteen ten Galileo. Yeah, Oh, 111 00:06:11,600 --> 00:06:14,200 Speaker 1: you're on a first name basis. Yeah, and I go 112 00:06:14,320 --> 00:06:16,640 Speaker 1: away back. I can veil him out of jail once. 113 00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:20,200 Speaker 1: He's just call him Galley, yeah, the gal or Gigi. 114 00:06:22,360 --> 00:06:25,159 Speaker 1: Uh so. Yeah, when Venus is on the opposite side 115 00:06:25,200 --> 00:06:28,160 Speaker 1: of the Sun, it's in full phase, and then it's 116 00:06:28,480 --> 00:06:30,479 Speaker 1: looks like it's in the new phase when it's between 117 00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:32,560 Speaker 1: the Earth and the Sun. Yeah, and every once in 118 00:06:32,560 --> 00:06:35,440 Speaker 1: a while, our alignment with Venus and the Sun is 119 00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:38,679 Speaker 1: like a perfect line. And it just happened in two twelve, 120 00:06:38,760 --> 00:06:40,680 Speaker 1: and I don't think I bothered to look, because I 121 00:06:40,680 --> 00:06:43,640 Speaker 1: don't remember looking. But the next time it's gonna happen 122 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:48,240 Speaker 1: is seen. And unless aging researchers really have some sort 123 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:50,320 Speaker 1: of breakthrough, I'm not gonna be around to see that 124 00:06:50,440 --> 00:06:52,159 Speaker 1: you didn't look, and you call yourself a friend of 125 00:06:52,240 --> 00:06:56,080 Speaker 1: Gali of Gigi. Yeah, I know you would be so disappointed. 126 00:06:56,200 --> 00:06:59,240 Speaker 1: It'd be is so disappointed into me. Come on, the 127 00:06:59,360 --> 00:07:03,719 Speaker 1: jos just look into the sky, right, Uh? So, Venus 128 00:07:03,880 --> 00:07:06,599 Speaker 1: is they call it the Earth's twin for the similarities, 129 00:07:07,279 --> 00:07:10,400 Speaker 1: um and not the differences obviously, even though like you said, 130 00:07:10,440 --> 00:07:13,320 Speaker 1: it's an evil twin. It's about about the same size. 131 00:07:13,400 --> 00:07:17,960 Speaker 1: It has about of our mass, but is almost a 132 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:23,200 Speaker 1: perfect sphere because it is a slow roller. The Earth spins, obviously, 133 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:27,400 Speaker 1: everyone knows, very quickly, revolving once every day every twenty 134 00:07:27,560 --> 00:07:31,000 Speaker 1: almost every twenty four hours, exactly twenty hours and fifty 135 00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:35,200 Speaker 1: six minutes, which means of course that that centrifical centrifugal 136 00:07:35,320 --> 00:07:38,200 Speaker 1: motion is going to bulge the equator. So we're technically 137 00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:43,680 Speaker 1: an ellipsoid in shape. But Venus spins the very very 138 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:48,240 Speaker 1: slowly once every two dred and forty three days earth days. 139 00:07:48,240 --> 00:07:51,280 Speaker 1: That is, it spends on its axis. It's the slowest 140 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:54,600 Speaker 1: spinner in our solar system and a really kind of 141 00:07:54,640 --> 00:07:57,520 Speaker 1: perfect little sphere because of that. Yeah, it doesn't produce 142 00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 1: that bulge because it's so unsightly. And also because of 143 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:07,480 Speaker 1: that same slow spin, it has an iron core and 144 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:11,920 Speaker 1: molten mantle a lot like Earth does UM and through 145 00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:17,080 Speaker 1: that that that's that rocky core, that metallic core UM. 146 00:08:17,080 --> 00:08:21,400 Speaker 1: Earth's magnetic field is produced. But it's also produced because 147 00:08:21,400 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: it's spin so fast. Well, even though it has the 148 00:08:24,560 --> 00:08:26,760 Speaker 1: same kind of core and mantle that the Earth does, 149 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:30,360 Speaker 1: Venus spin so slowly, it can't produce a magnetic field, 150 00:08:30,400 --> 00:08:33,040 Speaker 1: at least one that's not very strong. UM. I think 151 00:08:33,120 --> 00:08:37,600 Speaker 1: venus Is magnetic field is fift ten thousands of a 152 00:08:37,679 --> 00:08:43,440 Speaker 1: percent the strength of Earth's magnetic field. Nothing like you 153 00:08:43,480 --> 00:08:45,240 Speaker 1: try to use a magnet up there, it's just gonna 154 00:08:45,440 --> 00:08:47,520 Speaker 1: it'll just melt in your hand, You dummy, don't even 155 00:08:47,559 --> 00:08:51,160 Speaker 1: try it, and you're dead anyway. Yeah, exactly. Uh. There's 156 00:08:51,200 --> 00:08:56,120 Speaker 1: some pretty cool theories about some interesting aspects of Venus. UM. 157 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:58,599 Speaker 1: One is, and this is in a theory. It is 158 00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:01,160 Speaker 1: a fact Venus has no moon. But one of the 159 00:09:01,160 --> 00:09:05,720 Speaker 1: theories is that Earth's moon used to orbit Venus, but 160 00:09:05,880 --> 00:09:08,160 Speaker 1: our gravity was so strong we just came in and 161 00:09:08,200 --> 00:09:11,360 Speaker 1: said that's ours. Now, we'll be taking that moon. I know, 162 00:09:11,520 --> 00:09:14,320 Speaker 1: imagine seeing that moon approach out of nowhere to would 163 00:09:14,360 --> 00:09:17,120 Speaker 1: be like melancholy. You know, Oh my god, that movie. 164 00:09:17,559 --> 00:09:21,320 Speaker 1: I love that movie to just see recently, uh not 165 00:09:21,400 --> 00:09:25,320 Speaker 1: too recently. I mean I loved it too. I'm glad 166 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:28,439 Speaker 1: you didn't say I enjoyed it, because that's the movie enjoyed, 167 00:09:28,960 --> 00:09:32,160 Speaker 1: right exactly. I read this article once it called it 168 00:09:32,240 --> 00:09:35,440 Speaker 1: was um I think it was titled like Lars von 169 00:09:35,559 --> 00:09:42,160 Speaker 1: Trier is campy, and they were basically like everybody's taking 170 00:09:42,240 --> 00:09:45,040 Speaker 1: Lars von Trier incorrectly, like this is all He's like 171 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:48,400 Speaker 1: a huge joke, sir, Like this is all in jest. 172 00:09:48,960 --> 00:09:50,679 Speaker 1: And once since I read that, I was like, I 173 00:09:50,800 --> 00:09:53,959 Speaker 1: really started to appreciate his stuff a lot differently. Yeah, 174 00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:56,880 Speaker 1: I mean those are a lot of his films are 175 00:09:56,920 --> 00:10:00,640 Speaker 1: tough to get through. Yeah, Dad, what you what a 176 00:10:00,720 --> 00:10:03,520 Speaker 1: part that is once you realize that it's like a joke, 177 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:06,160 Speaker 1: or at least as far as large von Trier is concerned, 178 00:10:06,200 --> 00:10:09,199 Speaker 1: it's a joke, like it definitely, it's just easier to 179 00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:11,880 Speaker 1: take and watch and it's actually kind of funny and something. 180 00:10:11,960 --> 00:10:13,640 Speaker 1: But is that true or were they just sort of 181 00:10:14,559 --> 00:10:17,120 Speaker 1: I don't I don't know that they They had him 182 00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:19,800 Speaker 1: quoted as saying like, yeah, you got me, but they 183 00:10:19,880 --> 00:10:23,400 Speaker 1: made such a strong case that it's tough to tough 184 00:10:23,440 --> 00:10:25,520 Speaker 1: to not see it that way. I'll see if I 185 00:10:25,559 --> 00:10:27,280 Speaker 1: can dig it up and send it to you. Yeah, 186 00:10:27,320 --> 00:10:31,920 Speaker 1: that sounds really interesting. Alright, so no moon. Earth perhaps 187 00:10:31,960 --> 00:10:35,640 Speaker 1: took the moon. Another really interesting thing that has sprung 188 00:10:35,679 --> 00:10:40,480 Speaker 1: a few different theories is that the backwards spin of 189 00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:44,560 Speaker 1: Venus relative to Earth. And this is interesting and that 190 00:10:45,280 --> 00:10:49,640 Speaker 1: some scientists say, yeah, it's backwards because it used to 191 00:10:49,720 --> 00:10:53,000 Speaker 1: spend relative to us the same then it slowed down 192 00:10:53,520 --> 00:10:56,400 Speaker 1: and stopped and started spending the other way. And we 193 00:10:56,440 --> 00:10:59,840 Speaker 1: can tell this because it's slowing down again. They measured 194 00:10:59,880 --> 00:11:02,560 Speaker 1: it sixteen years apart, and at the end of that 195 00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:05,880 Speaker 1: run it spuns six point five minutes slower, which is 196 00:11:05,960 --> 00:11:09,360 Speaker 1: a lot considering the Earth's rotation slows only by about 197 00:11:09,400 --> 00:11:13,120 Speaker 1: one point eight milliseconds every hundred years. So that's the 198 00:11:13,160 --> 00:11:17,880 Speaker 1: one theory. Others said it's not and never did quote 199 00:11:17,920 --> 00:11:21,480 Speaker 1: unquote spin backwards. It just got knocked a d and 200 00:11:21,480 --> 00:11:24,560 Speaker 1: eighty degrees on its axis. So it looks backwards. Yeah, 201 00:11:24,600 --> 00:11:27,480 Speaker 1: like the planet got flipped upside down somehow, and so 202 00:11:27,559 --> 00:11:29,440 Speaker 1: to us it looks like it's spinning backwards, but it's 203 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:32,120 Speaker 1: spinning the same way it always has, And they're like, well, 204 00:11:32,160 --> 00:11:36,000 Speaker 1: how would the planet get knocked upside down? Obvious idea 205 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:39,320 Speaker 1: is a planetoid or a meteor or something like that 206 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:41,439 Speaker 1: striking it in just the right spot, which is the 207 00:11:41,520 --> 00:11:44,680 Speaker 1: right force that it flipped the planet upside down. Another 208 00:11:44,720 --> 00:11:48,360 Speaker 1: one is that the um that Venus's atmosphere so thick. 209 00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:54,199 Speaker 1: How thick is it? It's so thick it's possible the 210 00:11:54,280 --> 00:11:59,880 Speaker 1: Sun can create gravitational tides like tides in this atmosphere, 211 00:12:00,120 --> 00:12:02,959 Speaker 1: and that these tides started slashing back and forth at 212 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:06,600 Speaker 1: some point and got so um forceful and strong that 213 00:12:06,679 --> 00:12:10,440 Speaker 1: they eventually flipped the planet over. I think this is 214 00:12:10,440 --> 00:12:12,839 Speaker 1: a really good start. How do you feel? I think 215 00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:15,360 Speaker 1: it's pretty great actually, And I have one more fact 216 00:12:15,400 --> 00:12:18,040 Speaker 1: I want to give out chuck um about the the 217 00:12:18,320 --> 00:12:22,560 Speaker 1: day relative to the year. So you know how the 218 00:12:22,679 --> 00:12:25,720 Speaker 1: day of Venus is two d forty three earth days. Yeah, 219 00:12:25,760 --> 00:12:28,720 Speaker 1: this one's a little bit of a head twister. Well, 220 00:12:28,760 --> 00:12:32,000 Speaker 1: it turns out that Venus orbits the Sun in two 221 00:12:32,120 --> 00:12:35,600 Speaker 1: hundred and twenty five earth days, which means that the 222 00:12:35,679 --> 00:12:39,880 Speaker 1: Venusian day is longer than the Venusian year. Which is 223 00:12:39,920 --> 00:12:44,720 Speaker 1: a pretty amazing fact in and of itself. Because Venus 224 00:12:45,240 --> 00:12:49,000 Speaker 1: spins backward relative to the direction it orbits the sun 225 00:12:49,679 --> 00:12:53,760 Speaker 1: sunrise to like a day night cycle from sunrise to 226 00:12:53,800 --> 00:12:57,440 Speaker 1: sunrise is actually only a hundred and seventeen earth days 227 00:12:57,920 --> 00:13:00,199 Speaker 1: because the sun kind of catches up with vn Us 228 00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:03,240 Speaker 1: in its spin, So it's not a two dtree three 229 00:13:03,320 --> 00:13:07,400 Speaker 1: days stretch between sunrise. It's actually a hundred and seventeen. 230 00:13:07,600 --> 00:13:09,800 Speaker 1: So there's three big numbers you need to remember for 231 00:13:09,960 --> 00:13:13,280 Speaker 1: Venus day night cycles. A hundred and seventeen days, the 232 00:13:13,440 --> 00:13:17,160 Speaker 1: year is two D five days, but the day is 233 00:13:17,320 --> 00:13:21,040 Speaker 1: two hundred forty three days, all relative to us, of course. 234 00:13:21,440 --> 00:13:24,800 Speaker 1: Well yeah, I mean what else counts nothing? So a 235 00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:26,400 Speaker 1: minute ago and I said, I think we're off to 236 00:13:26,400 --> 00:13:28,640 Speaker 1: a good start. I was kind of lying something felt missing. 237 00:13:29,400 --> 00:13:32,320 Speaker 1: But now we're really off to a good start. I 238 00:13:32,360 --> 00:13:34,920 Speaker 1: think so too. So we'll take a break and we'll 239 00:13:34,920 --> 00:13:39,000 Speaker 1: talk a little bit about the surface of this weird healthscape. 240 00:13:39,160 --> 00:14:13,720 Speaker 1: Right after this all right, surface of Venus A lot 241 00:14:13,760 --> 00:14:16,360 Speaker 1: of clues because you know, we're we're still trying to 242 00:14:16,360 --> 00:14:18,880 Speaker 1: figure out Venus, and like you said, it's getting more 243 00:14:18,920 --> 00:14:21,360 Speaker 1: interesting to us more recently, which is kind of cool. 244 00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:25,200 Speaker 1: But there are clues kind of everywhere. The surface of 245 00:14:25,280 --> 00:14:29,000 Speaker 1: Venus is one clue that maybe something pretty big did happen, 246 00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:32,880 Speaker 1: and it's sort of recent past because Venus is about 247 00:14:32,920 --> 00:14:35,880 Speaker 1: the same age as Earth is um somewhere in the 248 00:14:35,920 --> 00:14:39,440 Speaker 1: neighborhood of four point eight billion years old, And they 249 00:14:39,480 --> 00:14:42,240 Speaker 1: look at impact craters to sort of gauge how old 250 00:14:42,240 --> 00:14:44,040 Speaker 1: a planet might be, like how many things have hit 251 00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:47,280 Speaker 1: it over time, because they know about how often that 252 00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:50,240 Speaker 1: might happen, and you know, these are good rough estimates. 253 00:14:50,960 --> 00:14:53,960 Speaker 1: But when you look at Venus, the crust of Venus 254 00:14:54,920 --> 00:14:59,120 Speaker 1: basically looks like it's only a few hundred million years old, 255 00:14:59,120 --> 00:15:01,760 Speaker 1: so like maybe up to eight hundred million, maybe as 256 00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:04,440 Speaker 1: little as a hundred and eighty million years old. So 257 00:15:04,520 --> 00:15:07,400 Speaker 1: that is a big clue that like, yeah, something happened 258 00:15:07,400 --> 00:15:10,840 Speaker 1: to kind of remake the surface of Venus at some point, 259 00:15:10,880 --> 00:15:14,680 Speaker 1: which is really really interesting. Yeah, And I mean Earth's 260 00:15:14,760 --> 00:15:18,520 Speaker 1: crust is much younger than the planet itself, but Earth 261 00:15:18,560 --> 00:15:22,720 Speaker 1: has plate tectonics, which you know basically is crust recycling. 262 00:15:23,840 --> 00:15:26,280 Speaker 1: Venus doesn't have that, so it is significant that the 263 00:15:26,320 --> 00:15:28,640 Speaker 1: crust is that much younger than the rest of the planet. 264 00:15:28,920 --> 00:15:32,120 Speaker 1: And it's also made up mostly of basalt um, which 265 00:15:32,120 --> 00:15:33,920 Speaker 1: I think in the history of stuff you should know 266 00:15:33,960 --> 00:15:35,880 Speaker 1: the thirteen year history. It's the first time I said 267 00:15:35,880 --> 00:15:38,760 Speaker 1: it correctly right off the bat instead of what we 268 00:15:38,840 --> 00:15:43,520 Speaker 1: used to say basalt or basil, basalt, basalt. I love 269 00:15:43,560 --> 00:15:48,200 Speaker 1: little sprinkle of basalt cream. Yeah, it's old bay mixed 270 00:15:48,240 --> 00:15:53,360 Speaker 1: with salt man um so uh, which is volcanic rock, 271 00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:56,760 Speaker 1: which makes sense because Venus has the most volcanoes of 272 00:15:56,800 --> 00:15:59,400 Speaker 1: any planet in the Solar System, something like six hundred. 273 00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:03,920 Speaker 1: That's they might even still be active right now. So so, 274 00:16:04,920 --> 00:16:06,960 Speaker 1: but it's weird that the crust would be that old, 275 00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:09,440 Speaker 1: because it's like, why would have you know, all the 276 00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:12,480 Speaker 1: volcano has been erupting at around the same time in 277 00:16:12,760 --> 00:16:15,960 Speaker 1: such measure that it would have remade the entire crust 278 00:16:16,040 --> 00:16:18,120 Speaker 1: of the planet. It's a it's a head scratcher, as 279 00:16:18,160 --> 00:16:21,720 Speaker 1: you say it is. The surface of Venus has some 280 00:16:21,880 --> 00:16:26,760 Speaker 1: huge mountain ranges, some as high as Everest. They have 281 00:16:26,840 --> 00:16:30,760 Speaker 1: a couple of gigantic highlands um the size of Australia 282 00:16:30,760 --> 00:16:34,360 Speaker 1: and South America. You mentioned all those volcanoes, which is 283 00:16:34,400 --> 00:16:38,360 Speaker 1: just remarkable, Like the most volcanic planet in our Solar 284 00:16:38,400 --> 00:16:42,600 Speaker 1: system for sure, right, Yeah, by far, I mean I 285 00:16:42,640 --> 00:16:49,280 Speaker 1: think Earth only has like nine seven. Uh. They have 286 00:16:49,480 --> 00:16:52,240 Speaker 1: about the same gravity as we do here on Earth, 287 00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:54,760 Speaker 1: so you'd feel about the same weight. But there's a 288 00:16:54,760 --> 00:16:58,320 Speaker 1: little caveat there because of their dense atmosphere, which we're 289 00:16:58,320 --> 00:16:59,920 Speaker 1: gonna talk about a little bit more in a menu 290 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:04,000 Speaker 1: it here, there's tons of surface pressure, so if you 291 00:17:04,040 --> 00:17:06,160 Speaker 1: were there's no way you would be alive on Venus. 292 00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:08,520 Speaker 1: But if you happen to be, let's just say, it's 293 00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:12,160 Speaker 1: about ninety times the pressure that we have here on Earth, 294 00:17:12,200 --> 00:17:15,200 Speaker 1: So it would be like you're about a full kilometer 295 00:17:15,320 --> 00:17:19,840 Speaker 1: down underwater into the ocean, yeah, which is kind of crushing. 296 00:17:19,880 --> 00:17:21,520 Speaker 1: I was like, oh, you'd be crushed like a tin can, 297 00:17:21,840 --> 00:17:25,120 Speaker 1: And actually that's not entirely true. I think the diving 298 00:17:25,240 --> 00:17:28,480 Speaker 1: record is a little deeper than one kilometer, so a 299 00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:30,639 Speaker 1: human can withstand it, but it's not the kind of 300 00:17:30,640 --> 00:17:32,760 Speaker 1: thing you want to do. And when you combine it 301 00:17:32,840 --> 00:17:35,600 Speaker 1: with all the other issues that you've got going on 302 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:38,760 Speaker 1: now that you're standing on Venus, somehow that pressure would 303 00:17:38,800 --> 00:17:41,760 Speaker 1: probably actually be the least of your worries before it 304 00:17:41,800 --> 00:17:44,280 Speaker 1: would be the heat. Yeah, you would have a lot 305 00:17:44,280 --> 00:17:48,240 Speaker 1: of trouble with the heat because, Um, here's another fun 306 00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:51,560 Speaker 1: fact for you. Mercury is the planet that's closest to 307 00:17:51,600 --> 00:17:55,040 Speaker 1: the Sun. It's twenty three million miles closer to the 308 00:17:55,040 --> 00:17:58,200 Speaker 1: Sun than Venus is. But Venus is the hottest planet 309 00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:01,960 Speaker 1: in our solar system. Want that for a second. Yeah, 310 00:18:02,080 --> 00:18:04,840 Speaker 1: and that'll all be clear here in a second. Um, 311 00:18:04,920 --> 00:18:07,000 Speaker 1: we're kind of dancing around it. But it's it's gonna 312 00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:11,400 Speaker 1: be fun, so just wait. But in the nineteen sixties, uh, 313 00:18:11,400 --> 00:18:13,720 Speaker 1: and we'll talk also talk about the various sort of 314 00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:17,080 Speaker 1: spacecraft that the USSR and NASA has kind of sent 315 00:18:17,160 --> 00:18:20,800 Speaker 1: up to explore. But the Mariner too recorded did a 316 00:18:20,800 --> 00:18:24,919 Speaker 1: little fly by and recorded surface temperatures, temperatures between three 317 00:18:25,160 --> 00:18:28,280 Speaker 1: d and four hundred degrees uh. And it turns out 318 00:18:28,280 --> 00:18:31,800 Speaker 1: that maybe about half I think recently they calculated it's 319 00:18:31,840 --> 00:18:35,480 Speaker 1: probably more like eight hundred and eighty degrees fahrenheit, which 320 00:18:35,520 --> 00:18:40,920 Speaker 1: basically will melt almost anything. M well, definitely aluminum, zinc, 321 00:18:40,960 --> 00:18:45,880 Speaker 1: and lead for sure. Yeah. So, um, it's super hot, 322 00:18:46,359 --> 00:18:50,440 Speaker 1: and it's there's a tremendous amount of pressure at surface level. 323 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:53,400 Speaker 1: And I read this article from I think it might 324 00:18:53,440 --> 00:18:55,720 Speaker 1: have been space dot Com or NASA. I'm not sure 325 00:18:56,000 --> 00:18:59,960 Speaker 1: where you see Boulder Astronomer Planetary scientists named Kevin McKay 326 00:19:00,080 --> 00:19:02,800 Speaker 1: drake said, you can feel what it's like. I'm Venus 327 00:19:02,840 --> 00:19:05,360 Speaker 1: here on Earth. Heat a hot plate until it glows red, 328 00:19:05,640 --> 00:19:07,800 Speaker 1: place your palm on its surface, and then run over 329 00:19:07,840 --> 00:19:10,240 Speaker 1: that hand with the truck. I didn't get that quote. 330 00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:12,720 Speaker 1: He was saying, it's very hot and there's a tremendous 331 00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:18,400 Speaker 1: amount of pressure. I think degrees so is it no? 332 00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:20,679 Speaker 1: But I mean really, I think once you reach a 333 00:19:20,680 --> 00:19:24,440 Speaker 1: certain temperature and you're placing your hand, I think red hot? 334 00:19:24,600 --> 00:19:27,240 Speaker 1: Is that that that line where it's like after that? 335 00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:30,000 Speaker 1: Doesn't really think he was trying to be you know, 336 00:19:30,040 --> 00:19:32,440 Speaker 1: he's trying to appeal to the common person. I think 337 00:19:32,520 --> 00:19:35,760 Speaker 1: so they take an extra class or two now in 338 00:19:35,880 --> 00:19:43,000 Speaker 1: planetary science speak, their yeah you know, all right. So 339 00:19:43,359 --> 00:19:45,399 Speaker 1: I guess we've been dancing around like why is it 340 00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:48,240 Speaker 1: so hot? If it's not as close to the sun 341 00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:50,840 Speaker 1: as mercury, how can it be that much hotter than mercury? 342 00:19:51,480 --> 00:19:56,200 Speaker 1: And it is because Venus is a an environmental nightmare basically, 343 00:19:57,040 --> 00:19:59,119 Speaker 1: and which is one reason why we're a little more 344 00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:02,760 Speaker 1: interested now because it gives us a peek, like I said, 345 00:20:02,760 --> 00:20:05,400 Speaker 1: to what could happen to us in a very long time. 346 00:20:06,280 --> 00:20:09,240 Speaker 1: But it is. It is a a CEO two nightmare 347 00:20:09,320 --> 00:20:13,199 Speaker 1: on Venus. Yes, so UM, Venus is locked into a 348 00:20:13,320 --> 00:20:16,840 Speaker 1: run what's called a runaway greenhouse effect UM, and I 349 00:20:16,840 --> 00:20:19,240 Speaker 1: actually talked about it in the End of the World 350 00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:25,440 Speaker 1: with Josh Clark Um in the Natural Existential Risks episode. UM. 351 00:20:25,520 --> 00:20:28,399 Speaker 1: But the kind of the broad strokes of it is 352 00:20:28,440 --> 00:20:31,320 Speaker 1: that the greenhouse effect. You you want to have some 353 00:20:31,400 --> 00:20:35,560 Speaker 1: degree of the greenhouse effect where you have um visible 354 00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:38,960 Speaker 1: light coming in from the sun warming the planet, and 355 00:20:39,000 --> 00:20:42,120 Speaker 1: then the planet re releases some of that heat back 356 00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:46,800 Speaker 1: through the atmosphere as infrared heat, and not all of 357 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:49,760 Speaker 1: it gets re emitted. Some of it is captured by 358 00:20:49,880 --> 00:20:53,480 Speaker 1: greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. And this is actually, like 359 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:55,520 Speaker 1: I was saying, you want to have this. This is 360 00:20:55,560 --> 00:21:00,800 Speaker 1: a beneficial thing because it prevents wild temperature swing between 361 00:21:00,880 --> 00:21:04,919 Speaker 1: day and night. There's like a nice average temperature that 362 00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:07,440 Speaker 1: you're going to keep throughout the day and throughout the 363 00:21:07,560 --> 00:21:10,600 Speaker 1: night because the atmosphere is acting like a blanket preventing 364 00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:12,480 Speaker 1: all of the heat from re escaping, So you do 365 00:21:12,560 --> 00:21:15,920 Speaker 1: want some greenhouse gas. But what Venus is teaching us 366 00:21:16,320 --> 00:21:19,040 Speaker 1: is that there's a there's a point where you can 367 00:21:19,160 --> 00:21:22,159 Speaker 1: where you can reach this this point of no return 368 00:21:22,760 --> 00:21:27,480 Speaker 1: where your greenhouse gas greenhouse effect. Um, it just goes 369 00:21:27,480 --> 00:21:30,720 Speaker 1: hey wire and becomes it gets locked into a positive 370 00:21:30,760 --> 00:21:34,320 Speaker 1: feedback loop that is positive only in the most academic 371 00:21:34,359 --> 00:21:36,480 Speaker 1: sense of that term. In no way is it a 372 00:21:36,520 --> 00:21:40,520 Speaker 1: good thing at least as far as life or habitability goes. Yeah, 373 00:21:40,560 --> 00:21:44,359 Speaker 1: and Venus hit this tipping point a few hundred million 374 00:21:44,440 --> 00:21:48,320 Speaker 1: years ago. Um, the atmosphere got really hot. They basically 375 00:21:48,320 --> 00:21:52,840 Speaker 1: think the oceans literally boiled off. And you know, because 376 00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:55,359 Speaker 1: there used to be make oceans and rivers and it 377 00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:57,720 Speaker 1: used to be a lot more earth like. But these 378 00:21:57,760 --> 00:22:01,920 Speaker 1: oceans boiled off turned the atmosphere into water vapor, which 379 00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:04,760 Speaker 1: just made the problem a lot worse because that's another 380 00:22:04,760 --> 00:22:07,840 Speaker 1: greenhouse gas. And it just sort of accelerated this thing. 381 00:22:08,359 --> 00:22:11,159 Speaker 1: And then eventually that water vapor was broken apart by 382 00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:15,440 Speaker 1: radiation from the sun, by this ultra violet radiation, and 383 00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:20,560 Speaker 1: all this hydrogen escaped into space, left behind oxygen combining 384 00:22:20,560 --> 00:22:24,159 Speaker 1: with that carbon, and what you've got is, oh, what 385 00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:29,199 Speaker 1: carbon dioxide and no water vapor in the atmosphere. No, 386 00:22:29,520 --> 00:22:34,679 Speaker 1: and so Earth has I think point zero four carbon 387 00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:37,679 Speaker 1: dioxide in our atmosphere and we still are able to 388 00:22:37,720 --> 00:22:41,800 Speaker 1: maintain like a healthy greenhouse gas effect. So so the 389 00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:45,080 Speaker 1: fact that that it's a runaway greenhouse effect that seems 390 00:22:45,119 --> 00:22:48,359 Speaker 1: to have made um Venus into this hell escape that 391 00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:51,119 Speaker 1: it is, that's what kind of makes it a cautionary 392 00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:54,600 Speaker 1: tail or at least something that's worth investigating much more 393 00:22:54,680 --> 00:22:58,119 Speaker 1: deeply to find out, like how did it reach this point? 394 00:22:58,280 --> 00:23:01,320 Speaker 1: Like where was that tipping point? Because you know, here 395 00:23:01,320 --> 00:23:05,920 Speaker 1: on Earth we're contributing atmospheric CEO two more and more 396 00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:09,440 Speaker 1: frequently thanks to the burning of fossil fuels. So it's like, okay, 397 00:23:09,480 --> 00:23:11,679 Speaker 1: you know, did it hit that point when it reached 398 00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:17,040 Speaker 1: like uh an atmosphere carbon dioxide or point zero zero eight? 399 00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:19,520 Speaker 1: You know what's the what's the difference? And it really 400 00:23:19,560 --> 00:23:22,879 Speaker 1: matters to us here on Earth because at some point 401 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:27,280 Speaker 1: that the the atmospheric concentration of c O two or 402 00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:31,840 Speaker 1: other greenhouse gases becomes enough that visible I can come in, 403 00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:35,480 Speaker 1: infrared heat won't go back out, and you've got that 404 00:23:35,480 --> 00:23:37,880 Speaker 1: that runaway effect that just locks it in and you're 405 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:40,440 Speaker 1: in big trouble. So we need to find that out. 406 00:23:40,480 --> 00:23:42,879 Speaker 1: And it's a good thing that people are starting to 407 00:23:42,920 --> 00:23:45,480 Speaker 1: talk about exploring Venus now again for the first time 408 00:23:45,480 --> 00:23:48,200 Speaker 1: in a while. Let me ask you a question. The 409 00:23:48,280 --> 00:23:50,240 Speaker 1: End of the World with cho Josh Clark. Is that 410 00:23:50,359 --> 00:23:53,240 Speaker 1: available on Apple podcast or wherever you find your podcasts? 411 00:23:53,560 --> 00:23:56,280 Speaker 1: You know, Chuck, as far as I know, wherever you 412 00:23:56,320 --> 00:23:58,720 Speaker 1: find podcasts, you can find The End of the World 413 00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:01,520 Speaker 1: with Josh Clark. Attend part series. They don't pull it 414 00:24:01,600 --> 00:24:05,240 Speaker 1: like Netflix after they're done with you. I don't think. 415 00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:08,280 Speaker 1: So I haven't checked something in a little while, I'd 416 00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:11,760 Speaker 1: be very dismayed. Now it's an excellent series, And if 417 00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:14,240 Speaker 1: this kind of thing turns you on, then you can 418 00:24:14,280 --> 00:24:17,280 Speaker 1: listen to that and then quite a few other ways 419 00:24:17,359 --> 00:24:20,760 Speaker 1: that we might all become extinct. Or if me just 420 00:24:20,840 --> 00:24:23,479 Speaker 1: speaking for forty five minutes in a monotone turns you 421 00:24:23,520 --> 00:24:28,600 Speaker 1: on and you're gonna la that's right. Uh So, that's 422 00:24:28,640 --> 00:24:31,560 Speaker 1: why it's hot on Venus. That's why you know you 423 00:24:31,560 --> 00:24:34,719 Speaker 1: would just melt if you've managed to reach the surface 424 00:24:34,720 --> 00:24:37,240 Speaker 1: of Venus. But you wouldn't even manage to reach the 425 00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:40,800 Speaker 1: surface of Venus. Because of that atmosphere that we're talking about. 426 00:24:41,160 --> 00:24:46,320 Speaker 1: You talked about our teeth. Along with nitrogen, the biggest 427 00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:50,560 Speaker 1: component of the atmosphere of Venus is sulfuric acid, which 428 00:24:50,560 --> 00:24:54,440 Speaker 1: we call battery acid. And uh yeah, it would uh, 429 00:24:54,880 --> 00:24:56,600 Speaker 1: I mean, your teeth would be the least of your problems, 430 00:24:56,600 --> 00:24:59,879 Speaker 1: because you would your skin would burn, your lungs would explode. 431 00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:05,320 Speaker 1: Just these massive clouds blanket Venus, full of these lightning 432 00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:08,720 Speaker 1: storms in sulfuric acid. And it's it's literally like something 433 00:25:08,720 --> 00:25:11,119 Speaker 1: out of a sci fi movie, right, And if up 434 00:25:11,160 --> 00:25:16,320 Speaker 1: to this point you're like prepare for this. The Venus 435 00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:19,760 Speaker 1: member spins on its axis once every two and forty 436 00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:23,600 Speaker 1: three days, it's a Venutian day. But the upper atmosphere 437 00:25:23,640 --> 00:25:29,840 Speaker 1: is so um uh yes, that the clouds that make 438 00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:32,760 Speaker 1: up the upper atmosphere spin around the planet once every 439 00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:35,920 Speaker 1: four days. They're moving that fast, faster than any tornado 440 00:25:35,960 --> 00:25:39,320 Speaker 1: here on Earth. I saw. Um. But then down below, 441 00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:41,240 Speaker 1: towards the surface, the winds are just like a few 442 00:25:41,240 --> 00:25:44,720 Speaker 1: miles an hour, So that difference in wind speed creates 443 00:25:44,800 --> 00:25:49,040 Speaker 1: huge vortices. Apparently there's a vortex that has not fallen 444 00:25:49,080 --> 00:25:52,120 Speaker 1: apart that stayed raging for a very long time now 445 00:25:52,160 --> 00:25:55,359 Speaker 1: at the south pole of Venus, and they don't foresee 446 00:25:55,400 --> 00:26:00,000 Speaker 1: any time when it's going to stop. So there's huge 447 00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:04,440 Speaker 1: lightning storms, clouds of surf sulfuric acid that formed vortices 448 00:26:05,400 --> 00:26:09,000 Speaker 1: in this atmosphere that at surface level is the same 449 00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:11,680 Speaker 1: surface pressure for the same pressure that you would find 450 00:26:11,760 --> 00:26:15,800 Speaker 1: one kilometer down in Earth's oceans. Yeah, and then consider 451 00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:19,399 Speaker 1: that for you know, several billion years. Venus was a 452 00:26:19,440 --> 00:26:22,760 Speaker 1: lot like us. Like I said, it was habitable, it 453 00:26:22,840 --> 00:26:25,439 Speaker 1: had you know, it was fairly temperate, had oceans and 454 00:26:25,560 --> 00:26:28,439 Speaker 1: rivers and streams, and was kind of balmy, and it 455 00:26:28,520 --> 00:26:32,800 Speaker 1: was this greenhouse runaway greenhouse gas effect that uh, that 456 00:26:32,960 --> 00:26:35,760 Speaker 1: kind of made it into this hell escape And like 457 00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:38,800 Speaker 1: I said, it's a big reason we're going maybe we 458 00:26:38,840 --> 00:26:42,560 Speaker 1: should look into Mars, but also look into Venus. Yeah. 459 00:26:42,640 --> 00:26:45,600 Speaker 1: So I didn't know this, but um there was another 460 00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:47,720 Speaker 1: space dot com article that did a good job kind 461 00:26:47,720 --> 00:26:51,200 Speaker 1: of chronicling some of the like the history of exploring Venus. 462 00:26:51,760 --> 00:26:54,240 Speaker 1: You know, growing up as a Cold War school kid, 463 00:26:54,720 --> 00:26:56,960 Speaker 1: they didn't tell us like, oh, by the way, the 464 00:26:57,040 --> 00:26:59,760 Speaker 1: Soviets just had a great breakthrough on Venus. The other 465 00:27:00,200 --> 00:27:02,639 Speaker 1: let's tell you all about it. I don't remember hearing 466 00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:05,800 Speaker 1: any of this stuff to you, no, but I think 467 00:27:05,800 --> 00:27:09,640 Speaker 1: that's a great little dramatic teaser. Okay, so let's take 468 00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:11,320 Speaker 1: a little message break and we'll tell you what the 469 00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:14,119 Speaker 1: what the Rooskys were doing in the nineties sixties right 470 00:27:14,119 --> 00:27:47,280 Speaker 1: after this. Okay, Chuck, I can't take it any longer. 471 00:27:47,320 --> 00:27:53,600 Speaker 1: My teeth are falling out from from the suspense. Is 472 00:27:53,640 --> 00:27:59,160 Speaker 1: that Bob Newhart thing again? Uh? Yeah, So I didn't 473 00:27:59,240 --> 00:28:01,280 Speaker 1: learn about this since well either, But in the nineteen 474 00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:07,040 Speaker 1: from like the sixties to the eighties, the USSR was, uh, 475 00:28:07,080 --> 00:28:09,280 Speaker 1: they were into Venus. They were they were checking it 476 00:28:09,320 --> 00:28:13,960 Speaker 1: out with pretty decent regularity through their Venera and Vega programs. 477 00:28:14,880 --> 00:28:17,639 Speaker 1: And some of these milestones that they hit are some 478 00:28:17,720 --> 00:28:21,680 Speaker 1: of the like first milestones in just space exploration period UM, 479 00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:26,400 Speaker 1: not only for Venus UM and sixties. Seven October sixty seven, 480 00:28:26,480 --> 00:28:30,720 Speaker 1: Venera four was the first probe to ever beam data 481 00:28:30,760 --> 00:28:33,639 Speaker 1: back from another planet from the atmosphere of another planet. 482 00:28:34,119 --> 00:28:39,560 Speaker 1: And that's when they said, whoa super hot, very thick. 483 00:28:42,560 --> 00:28:48,200 Speaker 1: It was that good? No, yeah, okay, uh they I 484 00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:50,840 Speaker 1: think the Veneera for technically did make a hard landing. 485 00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:55,440 Speaker 1: The parachutes of course melted and this thing actually transmitted 486 00:28:55,520 --> 00:28:59,560 Speaker 1: data for about twenty minutes with photographs before you know, 487 00:28:59,800 --> 00:29:02,720 Speaker 1: it melted into nothing. And then I think a few 488 00:29:02,760 --> 00:29:06,320 Speaker 1: years after that, the Nara seven had the first soft 489 00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:11,120 Speaker 1: landing on any planet other than Earth. Another first in 490 00:29:11,120 --> 00:29:14,040 Speaker 1: in visiting our Solar system, like before we did stuff 491 00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:16,800 Speaker 1: like that. Yeah, well I did not realize it, but 492 00:29:16,840 --> 00:29:20,320 Speaker 1: apparently Venus is the first planet humanity has ever visited, 493 00:29:20,560 --> 00:29:23,400 Speaker 1: which is pretty cool. I mean not personally, but you know, 494 00:29:23,520 --> 00:29:26,640 Speaker 1: we sent some some machines up there as our emissaries, 495 00:29:26,680 --> 00:29:32,000 Speaker 1: you know. UM in n Venera thirteen recorded the first 496 00:29:32,120 --> 00:29:35,680 Speaker 1: ever audio on the service of another planet, which is 497 00:29:35,680 --> 00:29:39,280 Speaker 1: pretty cool. UM. Vega one and two missions in the 498 00:29:39,320 --> 00:29:43,880 Speaker 1: mid eighties deployed balloons into the atmosphere to make measurements. 499 00:29:44,280 --> 00:29:46,520 Speaker 1: So a lot of what we know about Venus came 500 00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:51,320 Speaker 1: from these early Soviet explorations. UM. But it's not like 501 00:29:51,360 --> 00:29:54,280 Speaker 1: the you know, the United States just completely ignored Venus. 502 00:29:54,400 --> 00:29:56,800 Speaker 1: We did have some interest in and I think we 503 00:29:56,880 --> 00:30:01,560 Speaker 1: had the first ever um I buy of Venus with 504 00:30:01,640 --> 00:30:06,720 Speaker 1: our Mariner two probe back in nineteen sixty two, I believe, Yeah, 505 00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:09,680 Speaker 1: that was the one I mentioned earlier that recorded um 506 00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:14,960 Speaker 1: what what seems like half accurate temperature the Venus. But 507 00:30:15,000 --> 00:30:17,320 Speaker 1: there was also the Mariner five and the Mariner ten 508 00:30:18,040 --> 00:30:23,000 Speaker 1: in sixty seven and seventy four, and then we started 509 00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:24,959 Speaker 1: to get a little more intense with it, and seventy 510 00:30:25,040 --> 00:30:29,320 Speaker 1: eight we launched uh an orbiter and a and a multiprobe, 511 00:30:29,320 --> 00:30:34,920 Speaker 1: the Pioneer Venus orbiter and the the PV multiprobe, and 512 00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:39,080 Speaker 1: I think the multiprobe sent four different things for entry 513 00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:43,200 Speaker 1: craft into the atmosphere in December, and then the orbiter 514 00:30:43,760 --> 00:30:46,520 Speaker 1: you know, did its thing. It orbited, kind of studied, 515 00:30:46,560 --> 00:30:51,680 Speaker 1: studied things from a safer distance until nine. Yeah, so 516 00:30:51,960 --> 00:30:54,320 Speaker 1: we're getting some stuff on Venus, but then it just 517 00:30:54,400 --> 00:30:58,560 Speaker 1: kind of went away. We stopped. We stopped researching it 518 00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:03,400 Speaker 1: actually after Magellan, which has launched from the Space Shuttle UM, 519 00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:06,040 Speaker 1: which by the way, I was reading like the official 520 00:31:06,520 --> 00:31:11,320 Speaker 1: accident report on the Columbia UM crash, and it is 521 00:31:11,400 --> 00:31:15,479 Speaker 1: just it's jarring, but it's amazing what this just you know, 522 00:31:15,640 --> 00:31:20,960 Speaker 1: scientific explanation of it. Really dry technical stuff still can 523 00:31:21,040 --> 00:31:24,000 Speaker 1: like really jog your imagination and kind of put you, 524 00:31:24,040 --> 00:31:27,080 Speaker 1: like in in the catastrophe. Even though they don't seem 525 00:31:27,120 --> 00:31:29,320 Speaker 1: to be trying to. It's just for some reason, it 526 00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:34,600 Speaker 1: really kind of gets you in the right way online. Yeah. Yeah, 527 00:31:34,720 --> 00:31:38,160 Speaker 1: it's like just you know, four page document about what 528 00:31:38,320 --> 00:31:41,120 Speaker 1: exactly went wrong, exactly when down to you know, I 529 00:31:41,160 --> 00:31:46,280 Speaker 1: think maybe the the deaths of Second if not the milliseconds. Um, yeah, 530 00:31:46,320 --> 00:31:51,600 Speaker 1: they really, they really dug into it. Documentary. It's still 531 00:31:51,640 --> 00:31:54,960 Speaker 1: out there. It's kinna just it's stirring. It's gonna just 532 00:31:55,040 --> 00:31:57,000 Speaker 1: knock you on your But have you seen twelve years 533 00:31:57,000 --> 00:32:01,120 Speaker 1: of slave yet? No? You're gonna ask you that like 534 00:32:01,200 --> 00:32:05,400 Speaker 1: once a year. You have you have homework this this weekend. 535 00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:08,960 Speaker 1: But oh I know. Um. But anyway, as I was saying, 536 00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:12,000 Speaker 1: Magellan was launched from the space shut in and it 537 00:32:12,040 --> 00:32:16,840 Speaker 1: was kind of hanging out monitoring Venus until and then 538 00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:20,280 Speaker 1: after that, and even kind of a little bit before that. Um, 539 00:32:20,320 --> 00:32:23,440 Speaker 1: just the focus on Venus kind of started to die, 540 00:32:23,880 --> 00:32:26,600 Speaker 1: in no small part because of the collapse of the 541 00:32:26,600 --> 00:32:29,360 Speaker 1: Soviet Union, right yeah, I mean they were they were 542 00:32:29,400 --> 00:32:32,400 Speaker 1: way more into it, into it than we were, and 543 00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:35,440 Speaker 1: then you know, that collapsed and so a lot of 544 00:32:35,480 --> 00:32:38,640 Speaker 1: that stuff stopped. Um NASA said, you know what, you 545 00:32:38,680 --> 00:32:42,960 Speaker 1: get a lot more out of your exploration dollar by 546 00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:47,280 Speaker 1: going to Mars because it's it's way more hospitable than 547 00:32:47,400 --> 00:32:50,200 Speaker 1: Venus is, and so we can use these robots and 548 00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:53,440 Speaker 1: now you know with Mars landers and it's just amazing, 549 00:32:53,520 --> 00:32:56,040 Speaker 1: like the stuff that we're bringing back from Mars. But 550 00:32:56,320 --> 00:32:59,200 Speaker 1: as Yeah, but as a result, Venus was sort of 551 00:32:59,240 --> 00:33:03,480 Speaker 1: like cast aside because it's just it's tough. I think 552 00:33:03,520 --> 00:33:07,800 Speaker 1: that Venera thirteen and a T two has the record 553 00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:11,400 Speaker 1: for the longest man made object ever on Venus, and 554 00:33:11,480 --> 00:33:16,520 Speaker 1: that was two hours before it melted. Yeah, that's it. 555 00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:19,040 Speaker 1: And that's a lot of dough to sink into something 556 00:33:19,080 --> 00:33:21,360 Speaker 1: that you know, like and you know that was when 557 00:33:21,440 --> 00:33:23,320 Speaker 1: a T two we could I'm sure we could get 558 00:33:23,320 --> 00:33:26,040 Speaker 1: something up there for for more hours than that now, 559 00:33:26,080 --> 00:33:28,880 Speaker 1: but I'm not sure how much longer. No, but we 560 00:33:28,960 --> 00:33:30,400 Speaker 1: need to figure it out. And the only way to 561 00:33:30,400 --> 00:33:32,320 Speaker 1: figure it out it is to start going back there. 562 00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:35,080 Speaker 1: And so so we are I think this, uh, this 563 00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:38,800 Speaker 1: month June NASA said, hey, everybody, get this. We've got 564 00:33:38,840 --> 00:33:45,280 Speaker 1: two visits planned, two missions planned for Venus. By um 565 00:33:45,320 --> 00:33:49,040 Speaker 1: there's the Veritas mission, which has a bunch of different 566 00:33:49,040 --> 00:33:52,160 Speaker 1: scientific instruments named in its name. It's a big acronym. 567 00:33:52,400 --> 00:33:54,960 Speaker 1: There's also Da Vinci Plus, which sounds like a new 568 00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:59,960 Speaker 1: streaming service for maybe PBS, and they're both gonna be 569 00:34:00,160 --> 00:34:04,080 Speaker 1: going by. But it's not just the United States who 570 00:34:04,080 --> 00:34:07,080 Speaker 1: has it's it's UM eyes trained on our sites, trained 571 00:34:07,080 --> 00:34:10,959 Speaker 1: on on Venus, Europe UM, the E s A has 572 00:34:11,040 --> 00:34:14,640 Speaker 1: a Venus program in the works, India does as well, 573 00:34:15,040 --> 00:34:18,600 Speaker 1: Russia does as well. And there's a private company called 574 00:34:18,680 --> 00:34:20,960 Speaker 1: rocket Lab that's going to be sending something up there 575 00:34:20,960 --> 00:34:26,680 Speaker 1: by three. Actually, Venus is literally hot right now. It is. 576 00:34:26,840 --> 00:34:29,759 Speaker 1: I have seen it in the news and I think, uh, 577 00:34:30,000 --> 00:34:32,320 Speaker 1: did you mention how the old house stuff works? Website 578 00:34:32,320 --> 00:34:34,799 Speaker 1: that we worked for had a really recent article on 579 00:34:34,800 --> 00:34:37,080 Speaker 1: on this right like why we were poking around? That's 580 00:34:37,080 --> 00:34:41,799 Speaker 1: what initially caught my attention about did you see the thing? Though? Also, um, 581 00:34:41,840 --> 00:34:45,120 Speaker 1: there was a big big to do. I think in 582 00:34:45,880 --> 00:34:51,040 Speaker 1: June of or at least sometime in there was a 583 00:34:51,080 --> 00:34:55,040 Speaker 1: bunch of press on Venus because some British researchers said, hey, 584 00:34:55,120 --> 00:35:00,319 Speaker 1: we were examining the Venusian atmosphere with radio telescope and 585 00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:05,360 Speaker 1: we found a bio signature phosphine, and everybody said, what 586 00:35:05,400 --> 00:35:07,200 Speaker 1: are you talking about and they said, no, really check 587 00:35:07,239 --> 00:35:09,640 Speaker 1: it out. So they wrote this paper, and um, it 588 00:35:09,719 --> 00:35:13,120 Speaker 1: does make kind of sense to an extent that that 589 00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:17,360 Speaker 1: you might find life at some port, some like point 590 00:35:17,400 --> 00:35:20,759 Speaker 1: in the Venetian atmosphere, because parts of it are you know, 591 00:35:21,000 --> 00:35:23,759 Speaker 1: the same temperature and in air pressure as you'd find 592 00:35:23,800 --> 00:35:27,040 Speaker 1: on Earth. But it also just makes zero sense because 593 00:35:27,040 --> 00:35:30,120 Speaker 1: it's just so inhospitable too, you know, yeah, I mean 594 00:35:30,160 --> 00:35:32,960 Speaker 1: it would have to have really evolved to be able 595 00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:37,759 Speaker 1: to survive. And again, maybe possible. But then some other 596 00:35:37,960 --> 00:35:40,680 Speaker 1: scientists came along because they, you know, they smelled something 597 00:35:40,760 --> 00:35:44,680 Speaker 1: rotten and they said, let me see those papers. And 598 00:35:44,719 --> 00:35:46,759 Speaker 1: they looked him over and they said, you know what, 599 00:35:47,160 --> 00:35:49,200 Speaker 1: we're not gonna say this is We're not going to 600 00:35:49,239 --> 00:35:52,680 Speaker 1: falsify this and say this is definitely wrong. But maybe 601 00:35:53,120 --> 00:35:57,280 Speaker 1: you might have gotten this confused with sulfur dioxide instead 602 00:35:57,280 --> 00:36:01,880 Speaker 1: of phosphine because they these chemicals both absorb radio waves 603 00:36:01,880 --> 00:36:05,160 Speaker 1: that are similar frequency, and everyone sort of has made 604 00:36:05,160 --> 00:36:10,560 Speaker 1: this mistake at some point. Guys, he shouldn't feel too bad, 605 00:36:11,040 --> 00:36:15,200 Speaker 1: but it's probably sulfur dioxide. It makes a lot more sense. Um, 606 00:36:15,239 --> 00:36:18,240 Speaker 1: But like like I said, they didn't definitely shoot it down, 607 00:36:18,680 --> 00:36:20,760 Speaker 1: and I think it just sort of piqued everyone's interest 608 00:36:20,840 --> 00:36:24,480 Speaker 1: to kind of get going again. And with these you know, 609 00:36:24,520 --> 00:36:27,120 Speaker 1: with these radio telescopes, we can finally you know, I 610 00:36:27,160 --> 00:36:29,320 Speaker 1: think for a long time we couldn't even see anything 611 00:36:29,360 --> 00:36:33,000 Speaker 1: at all because of the telescopes that we had, right, Yeah, 612 00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:35,640 Speaker 1: it's just blanketed by the super thick atmosphere that light 613 00:36:35,680 --> 00:36:39,759 Speaker 1: can't even penetrate any longer. It's so um. Now that 614 00:36:39,800 --> 00:36:42,200 Speaker 1: we have radio telescopes, we can see a lot more 615 00:36:42,280 --> 00:36:45,399 Speaker 1: clearly into it. But yeah, we're just on the very 616 00:36:45,440 --> 00:36:48,360 Speaker 1: beginning cusp of starting to study it. And it is 617 00:36:48,400 --> 00:36:51,160 Speaker 1: possible that there is that there was a biosignature and 618 00:36:51,160 --> 00:36:54,120 Speaker 1: the Bridge didn't get it wrong, um, because it would 619 00:36:54,200 --> 00:36:58,800 Speaker 1: have to be a low oxygen um like anaerobic type 620 00:36:58,800 --> 00:37:02,560 Speaker 1: of life, and that that's exactly the kind of um 621 00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:05,920 Speaker 1: organism that produces phosphine. So it's not like it's been settled, 622 00:37:05,920 --> 00:37:10,799 Speaker 1: like you were saying. But um, the it's just tantalizing, 623 00:37:10,840 --> 00:37:13,279 Speaker 1: you know. It's just in in addition to learning more 624 00:37:13,320 --> 00:37:16,520 Speaker 1: about Venus and maybe the lessons it can teach us 625 00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:18,279 Speaker 1: about what we need to do or not do here 626 00:37:18,320 --> 00:37:21,120 Speaker 1: on Earth, the idea that maybe there's some weird rando 627 00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:23,600 Speaker 1: life swirling around at hundreds of miles an hour in 628 00:37:23,640 --> 00:37:26,560 Speaker 1: the Venusian atmosphere. Just it's like, yeah, let's let's go 629 00:37:26,640 --> 00:37:29,120 Speaker 1: check Venus out now. Yeah, I feel like I never 630 00:37:29,160 --> 00:37:34,160 Speaker 1: hear about space programs from many other countries except for 631 00:37:34,200 --> 00:37:38,960 Speaker 1: like China, the US and in the old Soviet Union. Yeah, 632 00:37:39,160 --> 00:37:42,319 Speaker 1: I never hear about the Brits exploring space. Well there 633 00:37:42,360 --> 00:37:45,239 Speaker 1: with the E s A, I believe, so they just 634 00:37:45,280 --> 00:37:48,359 Speaker 1: all got together, I think so. And then um, yeah, 635 00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:52,080 Speaker 1: India has its own program now too. That's pretty ambitious 636 00:37:52,080 --> 00:37:54,160 Speaker 1: as well. So what about Japan? Did they have a 637 00:37:54,160 --> 00:37:56,839 Speaker 1: space program? Yeah, they have a space program. I don't 638 00:37:56,920 --> 00:38:00,200 Speaker 1: remember what it's called, but they definitely do. Um. There's 639 00:38:00,200 --> 00:38:02,480 Speaker 1: a lot more collaboration than there used to be during 640 00:38:02,520 --> 00:38:06,239 Speaker 1: the Cold War from understand Yeah, sure, yeah, yeah, because 641 00:38:06,280 --> 00:38:09,400 Speaker 1: we're trying to solve global problems here, and you know, 642 00:38:10,040 --> 00:38:12,360 Speaker 1: Venus might hold the key to some of those. Yeah, 643 00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:16,880 Speaker 1: it's it's our Venus, it's our fire, what's our desire? 644 00:38:17,400 --> 00:38:20,799 Speaker 1: That's right. You gotta go listen to Venus as a 645 00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:23,760 Speaker 1: boy too. You're gonna love it. Uh. There's also Venus 646 00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:32,399 Speaker 1: in fur velvet underground and then uh, Venus, I can't 647 00:38:32,400 --> 00:38:34,480 Speaker 1: come up with a good joke, let's just forget about 648 00:38:34,520 --> 00:38:38,360 Speaker 1: it and really beat it out Bob Newhart style. Yeah, 649 00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:40,879 Speaker 1: if Bob Newhart would have finished the joke, that's why 650 00:38:40,880 --> 00:38:43,520 Speaker 1: I'll never fill his shoes. Uh. If you want to 651 00:38:43,560 --> 00:38:46,839 Speaker 1: know more about Venus, well, then just look skyword and 652 00:38:47,239 --> 00:38:49,800 Speaker 1: see what you think, and maybe do a little research 653 00:38:49,880 --> 00:38:52,680 Speaker 1: to while you're at it. And since I said look Skyword, 654 00:38:52,719 --> 00:38:57,040 Speaker 1: that means it's time for listener mayoel. I'm gonna call 655 00:38:57,120 --> 00:39:01,160 Speaker 1: this Pug's Military follow up because we heard from uh 656 00:39:01,320 --> 00:39:03,839 Speaker 1: quite a few military members already and that was in 657 00:39:03,880 --> 00:39:07,000 Speaker 1: our real time. It was just released earlier today from 658 00:39:07,120 --> 00:39:11,120 Speaker 1: US service people who we're quite fond of the little 659 00:39:11,160 --> 00:39:15,000 Speaker 1: pog currency that they had over there. A long time 660 00:39:15,040 --> 00:39:17,160 Speaker 1: listener guys love the show. Just listen to the episode 661 00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:19,080 Speaker 1: and thought i'd write in. I was in the Air 662 00:39:19,120 --> 00:39:21,000 Speaker 1: Force for just shy of a decade when you mentioned 663 00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:23,880 Speaker 1: the Army and Air Force exchange services POGs, and it 664 00:39:23,920 --> 00:39:26,520 Speaker 1: brought me back. Instead of using coins, they would give 665 00:39:26,520 --> 00:39:28,520 Speaker 1: you these pods as changed. So if you bought something 666 00:39:28,560 --> 00:39:31,960 Speaker 1: for oh nine cents, the cashier would give you a 667 00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:35,360 Speaker 1: five cent pog. Subsequently, if you bought something for ninety 668 00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:38,359 Speaker 1: three cents, they would still give you a five cent 669 00:39:38,440 --> 00:39:41,799 Speaker 1: pog because there were no one cent POGs, so they 670 00:39:41,880 --> 00:39:46,160 Speaker 1: rounded down. I guess it's gonna cheap, uh, So you 671 00:39:46,160 --> 00:39:49,319 Speaker 1: would frequently lose money on those transactions. I remember being 672 00:39:49,760 --> 00:39:53,640 Speaker 1: frustrated when my first experienced this. If I remember correctly, 673 00:39:53,680 --> 00:39:58,520 Speaker 1: there being only five, ten and twenty five cent POGs. Yeah, 674 00:39:58,640 --> 00:40:02,480 Speaker 1: five tents and twenties. I remember having stacks and stacks 675 00:40:02,480 --> 00:40:06,080 Speaker 1: of these POGs all overseas, and I rendered them completely worthless. 676 00:40:06,360 --> 00:40:08,680 Speaker 1: Looking back, I'm sure it could have bought a dollar 677 00:40:08,800 --> 00:40:11,240 Speaker 1: worth of POGs and exchange them for real US currency, 678 00:40:11,320 --> 00:40:13,799 Speaker 1: but the thought never crossed my mind. I think they 679 00:40:13,800 --> 00:40:16,880 Speaker 1: owe me some money. I wish I would have remembered 680 00:40:16,880 --> 00:40:19,560 Speaker 1: my pog days. I was also way into POGs in 681 00:40:19,560 --> 00:40:21,759 Speaker 1: the nineties because that would have been a good way 682 00:40:21,800 --> 00:40:24,880 Speaker 1: to pass the time while over there. Thanks for aways 683 00:40:24,960 --> 00:40:27,560 Speaker 1: being there on my hour commute to work, I look 684 00:40:27,600 --> 00:40:31,040 Speaker 1: forward to Tuesdays and Thursdays every week p s. My 685 00:40:31,160 --> 00:40:33,120 Speaker 1: family was moving recently and I was going through an 686 00:40:33,160 --> 00:40:36,560 Speaker 1: old box of my things and found a loan pog 687 00:40:36,880 --> 00:40:40,319 Speaker 1: with Maggie Simpson on it. I'm not sure why I 688 00:40:40,360 --> 00:40:42,960 Speaker 1: decided to keep that one after all these years, but 689 00:40:43,080 --> 00:40:47,120 Speaker 1: I did, and that is from Jeff. That's an awesome email, Jeff, 690 00:40:47,120 --> 00:40:50,400 Speaker 1: thanks a lot for that one, agreed. Uh. If you 691 00:40:50,440 --> 00:40:52,200 Speaker 1: want to get in touch with this like Jeff did 692 00:40:52,280 --> 00:40:54,799 Speaker 1: and tell us about the pog you found, or what 693 00:40:54,960 --> 00:40:57,799 Speaker 1: your tour of duty was like, or anything like that, 694 00:40:58,160 --> 00:41:00,239 Speaker 1: you can get in touch with us via e mail 695 00:41:00,719 --> 00:41:07,600 Speaker 1: at stuff podcast at iHeart radio dot com. Stuff you 696 00:41:07,600 --> 00:41:10,080 Speaker 1: Should Know is a production of I Heart Radio. For 697 00:41:10,160 --> 00:41:13,200 Speaker 1: more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, 698 00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:16,240 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. 699 00:41:19,120 --> 00:41:19,160 Speaker 1: H