WEBVTT - How Tsunamis Work 0:00:00.680 --> 0:00:05.680 Salt Lake City, Utah, and Phoenix, Arizona. We're coming to 0:00:05.800 --> 0:00:09.720 see you. Yes, we are, so come see Yes, why don't. Yeah, 0:00:09.720 --> 0:00:11.119 we put out the call to Salt Lake City and 0:00:11.160 --> 0:00:14.640 said should we come there? And tickets are going gangbusters. 0:00:14.680 --> 0:00:17.400 You guys really responded. Yeah, we thought you were just like, 0:00:17.680 --> 0:00:19.760 this is all just a joke, but no, it's turning 0:00:19.800 --> 0:00:22.120 out quite well. We're gonna be there October twenty three 0:00:22.560 --> 0:00:25.040 at the Grand Theater in Salt Lake City, and then 0:00:25.079 --> 0:00:27.520 the next night we'll be in Phoenix at the Van Buren. 0:00:27.880 --> 0:00:29.520 And we can't wait to see you, guys, So please 0:00:29.560 --> 0:00:31.120 come out and see us. And if you want tickets, 0:00:31.160 --> 0:00:33.000 you can go to s y s K live dot 0:00:33.040 --> 0:00:37.360 com for those. And Chuck and yes to our friends 0:00:37.400 --> 0:00:43.000 down and Melbourne. Boy, we are super psyched because you 0:00:43.080 --> 0:00:46.639 love us and you sold us out very quickly. So 0:00:46.760 --> 0:00:49.320 we have added a second show that I believe is 0:00:49.320 --> 0:00:51.760 actually an earlier show, isn't that right? Yeah, it's a 0:00:51.920 --> 0:00:54.480 five thirties show. I believe that Melbourne is the one 0:00:54.520 --> 0:00:56.320 that we added, and it's gonna be cool. It's gonna 0:00:56.320 --> 0:00:58.920 be like a sweet little Mattinee. Yeah, we call that 0:00:59.000 --> 0:01:01.720 happy Hour in our kind tree. Yeah that's right. So 0:01:01.880 --> 0:01:04.399 make sure you guys bring a slab each. That's right 0:01:04.520 --> 0:01:08.000 in Perth and Brisbane. Step it up. Yeah, that's right. 0:01:08.400 --> 0:01:09.840 So if you want to come see us, go to 0:01:10.000 --> 0:01:11.960 s Y s K Live. Whether you're in the US, 0:01:12.120 --> 0:01:14.600 whether you're in Australia, whether you're in New Zealand, it 0:01:14.640 --> 0:01:17.040 doesn't matter. You can go to the same site and 0:01:17.120 --> 0:01:19.440 hang out with us and there you go. See you 0:01:19.440 --> 0:01:24.360 guys soon. Welcome to Stuff you should know from how 0:01:24.440 --> 0:01:33.360 Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. 0:01:33.440 --> 0:01:36.840 I'm Josh Clark, and there's Charles W Chuck Bryant, and 0:01:36.880 --> 0:01:41.120 there's Jerry over there. Tristan's reign of terror is over. 0:01:42.080 --> 0:01:45.600 Jerry had him killed. Yeah, he shouldn't have tried to 0:01:45.640 --> 0:01:47.760 take her place. I mean, he got what he deserved. 0:01:47.920 --> 0:01:51.440 Now there's just a grease spot on the carpet. Yeah, 0:01:51.440 --> 0:01:53.880 it was gross. You didn't have to leave him there 0:01:53.920 --> 0:01:57.080 for a week, Jerry. I thought that was a little weird. 0:01:57.120 --> 0:02:01.600 Also to bring in a acid bath into this, you right, well, 0:02:01.600 --> 0:02:05.400 it made sense when she dissolved him in acid. Can 0:02:05.440 --> 0:02:12.359 I say something Yes, the two that we're recording today, Yeah, 0:02:12.560 --> 0:02:18.280 I feel like are such kind of classic core stuff. 0:02:18.280 --> 0:02:21.000 You should know e things. I know what you're gonna 0:02:21.040 --> 0:02:24.360 say that. I'm surprised we haven't done them yet. I 0:02:24.480 --> 0:02:31.560 searched probably three times, maybe five Chuck, Yes, they doesn't 0:02:31.560 --> 0:02:34.160 like we've gone over this stuff before. It. I can't, 0:02:34.600 --> 0:02:36.120 for the life of me figure out what it is. 0:02:36.280 --> 0:02:39.440 The closest I could come possibly was rogue waves, yeah, 0:02:39.520 --> 0:02:45.000 for sure, or how yeah, or how nuclear meltdowns work 0:02:45.040 --> 0:02:48.880 when we when we talked specifically about the Fukushima incident. Yeah, 0:02:48.919 --> 0:02:51.079 I think that had to be what it is. Because 0:02:51.880 --> 0:02:55.320 I'm still a little paranoid that we've covered this before. Yeah, 0:02:55.360 --> 0:02:58.760 I am too, So we're paranoid together. Yeah, but we'll 0:02:59.000 --> 0:03:02.280 we'll fail together there if we re record an episode 0:03:02.400 --> 0:03:05.920 that we have done before. But it's okay, we'll be 0:03:05.960 --> 0:03:10.600 all right right, everybody right, all right? So both of 0:03:10.600 --> 0:03:19.680 our listeners, uh, Chuck and Buck. Wow, I know, isn't 0:03:19.680 --> 0:03:22.680 that random that one of our two listeners is also 0:03:22.760 --> 0:03:26.560 named Chuck? Did you see that movie? No? You know 0:03:26.600 --> 0:03:29.079 that was a movie, right, Yeah, there was a movie 0:03:29.120 --> 0:03:35.400 called Chuck and Buck. Was it a porno? Not exactly? Well? 0:03:35.440 --> 0:03:38.160 What was what was it about? It was? You know, 0:03:38.200 --> 0:03:42.360 Mike White, right, No, you'd recognize him. He's an actor 0:03:42.400 --> 0:03:45.240 and a writer, one of my favorite writers in Hollywood, 0:03:45.760 --> 0:03:48.920 and he it was his first little indie film, starring 0:03:49.000 --> 0:03:53.320 him and one of the brothers, one of the filmmaking brothers, 0:03:53.400 --> 0:03:57.760 the Wise Brothers. Man. You were not talking my language 0:03:57.800 --> 0:03:59.920 right now. Yeah, anyway, it was. It was him and 0:04:00.040 --> 0:04:04.360 he played sort of a creepy guy that had unhealthy 0:04:04.400 --> 0:04:07.920 crush on this other guy, and it got made for 0:04:08.040 --> 0:04:11.560 some very uncomfortable circumstances. You're talking about, I now pronounce 0:04:11.600 --> 0:04:15.360 you chucking, Larry. I know the movie you're talking about. 0:04:15.360 --> 0:04:19.840 I never saw that one either. Oh hey, speaking of dude, 0:04:20.200 --> 0:04:26.599 I saw Norm McDonald stand up Dog. Is it great? Yes? 0:04:27.320 --> 0:04:30.480 Probably probably the best stand up on Netflix right now. 0:04:31.120 --> 0:04:33.000 I've been meaning to watch it and he's just a 0:04:33.800 --> 0:04:37.160 it's it's he's at his peak. It's great. I don't 0:04:37.200 --> 0:04:39.280 want to talk it up too much. Just go in 0:04:39.320 --> 0:04:42.760 there fresh. It's just good Norm McDonald's stand up. You 0:04:42.760 --> 0:04:44.160 don't want to talk it up too much other than 0:04:44.160 --> 0:04:47.720 saying that it's the best thing, right. Yeah, I'm actually 0:04:47.760 --> 0:04:50.360 downplaying it right now. That's how good it is. Yeah, 0:04:50.360 --> 0:04:52.840 I gotta check that out. Alright, so back to it. 0:04:53.279 --> 0:04:58.040 We actually started off talking about tsunamis and we veered 0:04:58.080 --> 0:05:00.640 off right back in it. Now are back in it, 0:05:01.640 --> 0:05:05.600 so or we'll talk about some of the more famous tsunamis, 0:05:05.640 --> 0:05:09.200 like they've definitely been in the public consciousness over the 0:05:09.279 --> 0:05:13.840 last in this millennium so far, just because there's been 0:05:13.839 --> 0:05:19.080 two colossally huge ones that cause so much destruction. Um. 0:05:19.080 --> 0:05:21.839 Which is ironic because we're finally now getting to the 0:05:21.920 --> 0:05:27.000 point where we can warn people early about a tsunami, 0:05:27.120 --> 0:05:30.440 and yet two of the worst tsunamis in history, whether 0:05:30.480 --> 0:05:34.560 it's through the human toll or the financial toll, occurred 0:05:34.920 --> 0:05:39.000 within eight years of each other, within the last twenty years. 0:05:39.960 --> 0:05:41.920 It's it's kind of surprising. What you know a little 0:05:41.960 --> 0:05:45.720 more about tsunamis. Yeah, so uh, and I found our 0:05:45.720 --> 0:05:48.040 own article to be pretty good. Actually, well it was 0:05:48.080 --> 0:05:51.400 written by three people, for goodness, how can that go wrong? 0:05:51.640 --> 0:05:57.560 Including Robert Lamb. Well, always stand up for that guy's writing. Uh. So, 0:05:57.680 --> 0:06:01.680 tsunami is uh. We have just discovered the word. First 0:06:01.720 --> 0:06:05.000 of all, it is the Japanese word obviously uh. And 0:06:05.040 --> 0:06:08.240 the T s u of tsunami means harbor and the 0:06:08.400 --> 0:06:11.840 n a m I means waves, and that is what 0:06:11.920 --> 0:06:15.800 a tsunami is. It is a series of waves generally, 0:06:15.960 --> 0:06:19.840 or a or a wave. Although we will clear up 0:06:19.880 --> 0:06:22.599 it's not exactly what you might think from Hollywood movies. No, 0:06:22.760 --> 0:06:26.720 it's really really really not. Yeah, but it's in the ocean, obviously, 0:06:27.360 --> 0:06:30.520 and these things can be as high as a hundred 0:06:30.520 --> 0:06:35.440 feet and get this, they can travel up to and 0:06:35.480 --> 0:06:39.440 in fact, the two thousand four tsunami traveled about three 0:06:39.600 --> 0:06:43.159 hundred miles per hour, and that is not at land, 0:06:43.320 --> 0:06:47.840 but through the ocean. Three miles. Yeah, and I've actually 0:06:47.880 --> 0:06:51.680 seen them that they're clocked at six hundred miles per hour. Man, 0:06:51.800 --> 0:06:55.400 can you imagine? No? I really can't. And I also 0:06:55.560 --> 0:06:58.880 have trouble with the math itself, Like there's some weird 0:06:58.960 --> 0:07:03.080 formula are calculating how fast the tsunami is traveling. But 0:07:03.200 --> 0:07:08.240 it's a square root of the G force times I know, 0:07:09.120 --> 0:07:12.800 times the depth of the ocean where the tsunami originated. 0:07:13.960 --> 0:07:17.120 That's I don't understand how that equals how fast the 0:07:17.160 --> 0:07:19.760 tsunamis traveling. So I'm just gonna take it for their 0:07:19.800 --> 0:07:24.040 word that they can get up to six hundred Yeah, 0:07:24.360 --> 0:07:28.200 that's crazy. So all right, let's talk about tsunami. So 0:07:28.320 --> 0:07:31.800 tsunami is a what most people think of as a 0:07:31.840 --> 0:07:35.360 giant wave. It's not necessarily what you're thinking of, like 0:07:35.400 --> 0:07:39.320 you said, Chuck, but it is a wave in some way, 0:07:39.320 --> 0:07:43.280 shape or form, and it follows a lot of the 0:07:43.440 --> 0:07:46.960 um It has a lot of the same same um 0:07:47.120 --> 0:07:49.960 traits or characteristics of a wave that you see like 0:07:50.080 --> 0:07:52.080 on the surface of the ocean when you're sitting there 0:07:52.080 --> 0:07:55.600 on the beach and the waves are rolling in. Technically 0:07:55.680 --> 0:07:59.800 that's it's the same family. That's the little brother of 0:07:59.840 --> 0:08:03.400 a tsunami. And so any kind of wave has a 0:08:03.440 --> 0:08:06.520 couple of components to It has the trough, which is 0:08:06.560 --> 0:08:10.120 the lowest point, has the crest, which is the highest 0:08:10.160 --> 0:08:13.640 point and and happiest point generally. Yeah, typically that's where 0:08:13.640 --> 0:08:17.680 the surfers like to hang out. Um, you measure them 0:08:17.760 --> 0:08:21.880 from the height of the crest to the trough. That's 0:08:21.920 --> 0:08:26.720 the wave height, right, and then the distance between the 0:08:26.760 --> 0:08:30.400 crest of one wave and the crest of another is 0:08:30.480 --> 0:08:33.280 one wave length. So it's weird to think of because 0:08:33.320 --> 0:08:35.240 you think of the wave is just like you know, 0:08:35.280 --> 0:08:37.240 the part that's kind of curving up out of the 0:08:37.280 --> 0:08:39.800 ocean that you see in like graphic design or something 0:08:39.880 --> 0:08:42.880 like that. Right, the wave is actually much bigger than that. 0:08:42.960 --> 0:08:46.760 It goes from the front the top of the crest 0:08:47.080 --> 0:08:50.400 all the way forward and includes the back of the 0:08:50.440 --> 0:08:54.280 wave in front of it. Technically that's one wave, and 0:08:54.280 --> 0:08:57.120 and it includes the trough and the crest. So bam, 0:08:57.240 --> 0:08:59.360 that's a wave, whether it's a tidal wave or an 0:08:59.360 --> 0:09:02.680 ocean so or his wife. Right. And then the frequency, 0:09:02.800 --> 0:09:05.600 which is uh, what you would call the wave period. 0:09:06.240 --> 0:09:10.160 Is it the time for two waves in a row 0:09:10.679 --> 0:09:13.720 to hit the same point. Yeah, So if you like 0:09:13.840 --> 0:09:16.720 had a booie and a wave went past and then 0:09:16.760 --> 0:09:20.960 another wave went past the time between, that's the wave period, right, yeah, 0:09:21.080 --> 0:09:24.000 or if you were a booy Sure, we should maybe 0:09:24.000 --> 0:09:26.640 do one on I don't know if it's big enough 0:09:26.679 --> 0:09:28.880 for a full episode, but undertow would be kind of 0:09:28.920 --> 0:09:31.920 interesting to cover at some point. I'm surprised we haven't 0:09:31.920 --> 0:09:35.640 done that one either. Yeah, that's uh. Last time I 0:09:35.720 --> 0:09:40.600 was at in Charleston, Day two and three were fine, 0:09:40.600 --> 0:09:44.360 but that first day was an incredible undertow and they 0:09:44.360 --> 0:09:47.240 even talked about it on the news. It was pretty dangerous. Yeah, 0:09:47.400 --> 0:09:49.240 so were you in the water, Oh, Yeah, I was 0:09:49.280 --> 0:09:51.120 having fun. But it's one of those things where you're 0:09:51.120 --> 0:09:53.240 playing in the water and you look up it's like, wow, 0:09:53.400 --> 0:09:56.480 Emily is a mile away. Now, yeah, that's very dangerous. 0:09:56.480 --> 0:09:58.680 It was really carrying me down the beach and the 0:09:58.760 --> 0:10:01.880 skin has been peeled off your ankles and calves. Well, yeah, 0:10:01.920 --> 0:10:05.360 you're just fighting through it, right until you eventually say, 0:10:05.559 --> 0:10:07.600 I'm forty seven years old, What the heck am I doing. 0:10:08.160 --> 0:10:11.160 I'm gonna go lay down right with a with a 0:10:11.200 --> 0:10:15.360 gin and tonic, right, So you've got to figure it out, Chuck. 0:10:15.400 --> 0:10:19.240 You know that I have my moments. So when we're 0:10:19.240 --> 0:10:22.560 talking about waves on an ocean. Back to waves, by 0:10:22.600 --> 0:10:25.800 the way, when when you're talking about waves on an ocean, 0:10:25.880 --> 0:10:29.360 like the waves people normally think of, um, those are 0:10:29.360 --> 0:10:33.720 actually generated by wind. And we definitely talked about this 0:10:34.080 --> 0:10:37.200 somewhere before. Yeah, it's pretty interesting because I think most 0:10:37.200 --> 0:10:41.640 people think of gravitational pull and things like that atmospheric 0:10:41.640 --> 0:10:45.240 pressure and they contribute, but wind is kind of the 0:10:45.280 --> 0:10:48.440 most common way that a wave will form, right, And 0:10:48.480 --> 0:10:51.400 it does so by basically on a molecular level. And 0:10:51.440 --> 0:10:55.000 this this article really goes into granular detail, but basically 0:10:55.040 --> 0:11:01.079 air molecules push water molecules along and create these circular patterns. 0:11:01.400 --> 0:11:04.319 Not circular on top of the surface, but if you're 0:11:04.320 --> 0:11:07.120 looking at like a cross section of the water, circular 0:11:07.160 --> 0:11:11.240 from the top into the water, usually down about a 0:11:11.320 --> 0:11:14.360 meter underwater, and they can get higher and higher as 0:11:14.400 --> 0:11:17.680 the wind gets stronger and stronger, right, yeah, And these 0:11:17.720 --> 0:11:21.040 little guys are known as capillary waves, which is the 0:11:21.040 --> 0:11:24.520 cutest wave, I guess. Uh. And then they just keep 0:11:24.559 --> 0:11:30.040 circling around vertically like you said, until eventually it you know, 0:11:30.080 --> 0:11:33.600 it's sort of dissipates the deeper it goes, obviously it does. 0:11:33.720 --> 0:11:37.120 But so depending on how strong the wind is, when 0:11:37.160 --> 0:11:39.520 that wave starts to whip up and froth up and 0:11:39.520 --> 0:11:43.160 and and get like the back to it, right, yeah, 0:11:43.360 --> 0:11:46.600 it's it has more surface for the wind to press on. 0:11:46.760 --> 0:11:49.040 So the wind now can push it along even further, 0:11:49.120 --> 0:11:53.079 so it can pick up height, speed, velocity, all that 0:11:53.200 --> 0:11:55.760 jam and it can get kind of big and they 0:11:55.760 --> 0:11:58.160 can get kind of fast. But the point is this, 0:11:58.840 --> 0:12:03.960 what you're seeing is now water being pushed along. What 0:12:04.080 --> 0:12:07.040 you're seeing is the transfer of kinetic energy from the 0:12:07.080 --> 0:12:11.040 wind into water, and what a wave is the movement 0:12:11.160 --> 0:12:15.120 of that energy. Through water. Yeah, it's an important distinction. 0:12:15.160 --> 0:12:17.400 I think there really is, because if you if you 0:12:17.800 --> 0:12:21.320 are at one point and you see a wave and 0:12:21.400 --> 0:12:25.520 you touch it, and you somehow scramble forward and catch it, 0:12:25.880 --> 0:12:29.800 when it's like fifty yards down or towards shore, you 0:12:29.920 --> 0:12:34.000 touch it again, you're actually touching two different bits of water. 0:12:34.160 --> 0:12:36.240 That's not the same water moving from point A to 0:12:36.280 --> 0:12:39.000 point B. It's the energy moving through it, and it is. 0:12:39.200 --> 0:12:42.040 It's it's it's a bit of a brain buster if 0:12:42.040 --> 0:12:45.080 you start to overthink it, but it's also extraordinarily simple 0:12:45.120 --> 0:12:48.920 if you don't. Yeah, for sure. Okay, so that's that's 0:12:48.920 --> 0:12:54.000 a wave. Okay, that's a surface wave. Tsunamis are not 0:12:54.120 --> 0:12:58.000 like that. No, And if you if you want to 0:12:58.080 --> 0:13:01.240 understand how a tsunami is for armed and I think 0:13:01.280 --> 0:13:03.839 we talked about this in earthquakes as well, which is 0:13:03.880 --> 0:13:09.000 why it all rings so familiar. But that is not always, 0:13:09.000 --> 0:13:12.560 but that is generally what kicks off in in in 0:13:12.600 --> 0:13:15.800 the case of the most too recent devastating ones, what 0:13:15.960 --> 0:13:20.800 kicks off the tsunami will be an underwater earthquake, and 0:13:20.880 --> 0:13:23.880 those happen. If you took out all the ocean's water, 0:13:24.360 --> 0:13:26.040 you would really just need to think of the sea 0:13:26.040 --> 0:13:29.760 floor just like you would the rest of ah, the 0:13:29.880 --> 0:13:34.520 hard stuff on the earth. Yeah, well put you know 0:13:34.520 --> 0:13:36.559 what I'm saying, Yeah, no I do. It's like if 0:13:36.600 --> 0:13:38.440 you're on a on a mountain and you come to 0:13:38.480 --> 0:13:41.640 a valley, it's the same thing that's just underwater. Yeah. So, 0:13:41.760 --> 0:13:44.240 like this is where we talk about plate tectonics, that 0:13:44.600 --> 0:13:47.599 we have these huge plates, a series of them that 0:13:47.720 --> 0:13:50.640 make up what's called the lithosphere. Uh, and that is 0:13:50.679 --> 0:13:53.920 the top layer of the Earth, and they make up 0:13:54.160 --> 0:13:58.400 everything that you see, including what's underwater, and they float 0:13:58.440 --> 0:14:01.120 on top of the Stennis year. Do you think I 0:14:01.120 --> 0:14:03.960 said that correctly? I think so. And I remember talking 0:14:04.000 --> 0:14:08.800 about this is sort of a is that the lube? Yeah, 0:14:09.040 --> 0:14:15.800 the hot magma lube. So because it's it's not exactly lub, 0:14:15.880 --> 0:14:18.520 but it's almost like hot asphalt more, you know what 0:14:18.520 --> 0:14:21.120 I'm saying. Like it's a solid, but it's a very 0:14:21.280 --> 0:14:24.920 viscous solid. Right, And so those plates float on top 0:14:24.960 --> 0:14:28.600 of the athenisphere, and there are boundaries between the plates, 0:14:29.200 --> 0:14:33.160 and where those boundaries connect, all sorts of things can happen. Right. 0:14:34.040 --> 0:14:36.880 You can have one plate going upward while the other 0:14:36.920 --> 0:14:40.480 plates going downwards, so they're sliding alongside each other. You 0:14:40.520 --> 0:14:43.120 can have one um, you can have them pushing up 0:14:43.120 --> 0:14:46.960 into one another, and you have mountain ranges. Then you 0:14:47.000 --> 0:14:50.400 can have ones where one slips under another one and 0:14:50.480 --> 0:14:54.440 that creates ocean trenches when it's underwater. But you have 0:14:54.520 --> 0:14:57.000 to think about this. This isn't happening quickly. This happens 0:14:57.000 --> 0:15:00.800 at the rate of about um an inch, about two 0:15:00.840 --> 0:15:04.280 and a half centimeters per year. That's how slowly these 0:15:04.320 --> 0:15:07.400 things are moving when they're interacting with one another. Yeah, 0:15:07.400 --> 0:15:09.600 but they're they're huge, and it's a lot of force 0:15:09.640 --> 0:15:12.400 even though it's going slow. So what you were talking 0:15:12.440 --> 0:15:18.000 about is subduction. UM. And sometimes in cases of subduction, 0:15:18.720 --> 0:15:20.680 you can have a lighter plate that just sort of 0:15:20.760 --> 0:15:25.280 snaps upward. Uh, when they meet each other and they 0:15:25.320 --> 0:15:28.680 say hi, lighter plate snaps up, and that's what causes 0:15:28.720 --> 0:15:32.400 the earthquake and a tremendous amount of of rock and 0:15:32.520 --> 0:15:36.840 force shoot directly upward from the floor of the ocean. Right, 0:15:37.240 --> 0:15:40.920 So now a tsunami has just been born, because that's 0:15:40.960 --> 0:15:43.680 what it is. Right with a normal wave, you've got 0:15:43.720 --> 0:15:47.160 wind blowing the water or wind blowing through the water. 0:15:47.480 --> 0:15:51.640 You have with a tsunami, this huge release of energy 0:15:51.880 --> 0:15:55.760 upward through the water column towards the surface. And this 0:15:55.760 --> 0:15:58.320 this energy is like, yeah, we're going up and right 0:15:58.360 --> 0:16:01.200 when it hits the surface, it really comes in contact 0:16:01.240 --> 0:16:04.160 with gravity that says no, you're not. They go, yeah, okay, 0:16:04.160 --> 0:16:07.720 we're going outward then, and they it spreads outward. And 0:16:07.960 --> 0:16:11.280 this article gives a great analogy because it really drives 0:16:11.280 --> 0:16:13.120 home what we're dealing with here. If you take a 0:16:13.160 --> 0:16:16.040 pebble and you throw it into a pond, it makes 0:16:16.040 --> 0:16:19.800 that ripple. Right, it's the same exact thing, but rather 0:16:19.880 --> 0:16:22.680 than a rock going into the water, this is the 0:16:22.720 --> 0:16:27.000 force of of um an earthquake under the water going 0:16:27.160 --> 0:16:33.240 upward out right. And so that upward out movement that 0:16:33.440 --> 0:16:36.440 is the tsunami waves that are being created, and it 0:16:36.520 --> 0:16:39.720 spreads outward in different ripples, just like if you throw 0:16:39.720 --> 0:16:42.400 a rock in the pond. Should we take a break? 0:16:42.760 --> 0:16:46.320 I think we should. I'm getting kind of worked up now. 0:16:46.360 --> 0:16:49.120 I love it. Uh, it's the earth sciencest man, that's 0:16:49.120 --> 0:16:52.920 your jam. Yeah they yeah, that's true. All right. So 0:16:52.920 --> 0:16:55.760 we're gonna come back and we're gonna talk about the 0:16:55.800 --> 0:16:58.000 speed of a tsunami and how that happens right after 0:16:58.040 --> 0:17:29.639 this off? You know, stop, you know stop? All right, 0:17:29.920 --> 0:17:33.719 So when we left off, I promised talk of tsunami speed, 0:17:34.520 --> 0:17:37.600 and this is where it gets a little like, uh, 0:17:37.920 --> 0:17:40.000 this is where like if you've learned it from movies, 0:17:40.680 --> 0:17:44.440 then you've probably learned the wrong thing. Because the tsunami 0:17:44.520 --> 0:17:49.760 moves the fastest in deep water. So when a tsunami 0:17:49.880 --> 0:17:53.680 is going three hundred miles an hour, and and you're 0:17:54.560 --> 0:17:56.720 of course you're monitoring things, which we'll talk about with 0:17:56.760 --> 0:17:59.359 all all sorts of advanced equipment. But if you're just 0:17:59.440 --> 0:18:02.200 looking with your naked eye, and the tsunami is going 0:18:02.200 --> 0:18:05.120 at three miles an hour through the ocean, you might 0:18:05.200 --> 0:18:10.040 see like a three ft high if that on the 0:18:10.040 --> 0:18:13.040 surface of the of the ocean. Where you where things 0:18:13.440 --> 0:18:16.320 really take action is when it gets close to shore, 0:18:16.440 --> 0:18:20.200 because it really slows down and it gets a lot 0:18:20.240 --> 0:18:24.360 taller because it's shallower water, right like the the shelf, 0:18:24.440 --> 0:18:29.600 the coastal shelf that gets shallow and shallower pushes it upward, 0:18:30.040 --> 0:18:33.520 so it slows and grows taller. Right, Yeah, depending on 0:18:33.800 --> 0:18:37.080 the topography of what's going on. Wherever the tsunami is 0:18:37.160 --> 0:18:39.639 reaching shore, it's gonna have a big difference, of course. 0:18:40.119 --> 0:18:43.440 But the point is is it's compressing all this energy 0:18:43.520 --> 0:18:46.119 upward as it gets closer and it slows down, and 0:18:46.200 --> 0:18:51.399 it's like it's very difficult to to grasp how enormous 0:18:52.040 --> 0:18:57.080 the tsunami um waves are, especially considering that what like 0:18:57.160 --> 0:19:01.520 three ft like a meter maybe of of surface water 0:19:01.600 --> 0:19:04.480 will be disturbed to to look like a wave like 0:19:04.520 --> 0:19:09.760 a normal wave, right, but that wave goes all the 0:19:09.800 --> 0:19:12.879 way down to the ocean floor, often miles. So you 0:19:12.920 --> 0:19:17.080 have basically what amounts to a three mile tall wave 0:19:17.960 --> 0:19:20.480 that's a tsunami rather than you know, a wave that 0:19:20.520 --> 0:19:23.760 you see on the surface it's maybe six ft tall, 0:19:24.119 --> 0:19:28.080 and then it's disturbing water three ft under the water. 0:19:28.359 --> 0:19:32.399 This is a three mile tall wall of water moving 0:19:32.400 --> 0:19:35.520 out in a ripple formation in in what's called the 0:19:35.600 --> 0:19:38.720 wave train. So successive waves like those ripples spreading out 0:19:38.760 --> 0:19:43.920 from that pebble um that are three miles tall and many, many, 0:19:43.960 --> 0:19:49.119 many miles across, just coming at you. Basically, Yeah, and 0:19:49.119 --> 0:19:52.440 when I said slow down, you know, thirty to forty 0:19:53.320 --> 0:19:56.560 at land is still really fast. Obviously it's not three 0:19:57.640 --> 0:20:01.399 but um, you know, right before this tsunami happens on land, 0:20:02.400 --> 0:20:05.440 it can be really creepy. On shore, You're gonna notice 0:20:06.080 --> 0:20:09.280 this beach water rising and falling in a odd ways, 0:20:09.840 --> 0:20:13.200 and sometimes it will suck all that water out. And 0:20:13.440 --> 0:20:17.280 I believe that movie, Uh The Impossible, didn't it show that. 0:20:17.960 --> 0:20:20.800 I don't know, I've seen that in a movie and 0:20:20.840 --> 0:20:25.080 it's really creepy looking, and apparently that's it is actually 0:20:25.160 --> 0:20:27.040 very creepy looking in real life too. It's not like 0:20:27.040 --> 0:20:29.760 a movie thing. It can suck all that water out, 0:20:30.320 --> 0:20:33.119 and it may not look like a movie wave coming in. 0:20:33.160 --> 0:20:36.880 It's more likely to look like just a huge flood 0:20:36.960 --> 0:20:40.800 coming your way right right, like a very fast moving tide, 0:20:40.920 --> 0:20:43.520 which is I think one reason people call them tidal waves, 0:20:43.560 --> 0:20:46.160 even though the tides have nothing to do with it. 0:20:46.520 --> 0:20:49.159 But it doesn't look like that huge wave that you 0:20:49.200 --> 0:20:52.679 see in like um the Day after Tomorrow or something 0:20:52.760 --> 0:20:55.600 like that. It's it's it's like a very fast moving, 0:20:56.480 --> 0:21:02.119 fast rising flood water. And this on this fast moving 0:21:02.119 --> 0:21:06.720 floodwater you have like huge raging rivers on top of 0:21:06.760 --> 0:21:11.520 the water too. It's just this huge, chaotic, massive water 0:21:12.000 --> 0:21:16.000 that is um that is moving inland very quickly and 0:21:16.160 --> 0:21:19.560 with an enormous amount of destructive force. Yeah, and then 0:21:19.600 --> 0:21:22.760 once it gets there, depending on where it lands, you 0:21:22.880 --> 0:21:26.200 might have like areas that were you think are sheltered 0:21:26.640 --> 0:21:30.679 because of high dunes, or you're in an inlet or 0:21:30.680 --> 0:21:34.359 a bay. Sometimes they can act as like funnels. Like 0:21:34.400 --> 0:21:37.959 if the tsunami goes through there, you just don't know 0:21:38.080 --> 0:21:40.080 what kind of destructive power it's going to have until 0:21:40.119 --> 0:21:43.440 it interacts with the topography and the land features that 0:21:43.520 --> 0:21:46.240 it hits. No, but it does do some interesting stuff. 0:21:46.280 --> 0:21:48.960 So um when So, first of all, that one thing 0:21:49.080 --> 0:21:51.880 where the the bay or the harbor or whatever gets 0:21:51.920 --> 0:21:54.960 the water sucked out of it's called drawback, and they've 0:21:54.960 --> 0:21:58.480 studied that and actually concluded what you're seeing is the 0:21:58.520 --> 0:22:01.400 trough of the way. That's the trough of the first 0:22:01.400 --> 0:22:04.679 tsunami wave. So if that's the part that reaches land first, 0:22:04.720 --> 0:22:08.000 the trough, that's gonna have drawback. So it's not always 0:22:08.040 --> 0:22:10.560 going to have drawback, just only if the trough drives first. 0:22:10.720 --> 0:22:13.000 The crest could arrive first, and then all you're seeing 0:22:13.119 --> 0:22:16.640 is this floodwater coming out of nowhere. But um, there's 0:22:16.680 --> 0:22:19.720 also supposedly the sound of a freight train or a 0:22:19.880 --> 0:22:24.119 jet coming at you. So it's like a horrific sound too, 0:22:24.200 --> 0:22:26.760 that's coming with this wall of water. But one of 0:22:26.800 --> 0:22:29.080 the other things, um, I think you're about to talk 0:22:29.080 --> 0:22:32.399 about was wrap around effect. Yeah, and that's along like 0:22:32.680 --> 0:22:36.640 a coastline. When I sort of I sort of thought 0:22:36.680 --> 0:22:40.120 of it as like, uh, or maybe it's harbor resonance. 0:22:40.160 --> 0:22:42.760 Like I'm not sure which is which. But when you 0:22:42.840 --> 0:22:45.880 have like a fish tank and you imagine just shaking 0:22:45.880 --> 0:22:50.040 it with your all your force and it's just banging 0:22:50.080 --> 0:22:54.679 off of interior walls, is that around No, that's harbor resonances. 0:22:55.280 --> 0:22:57.639 But that is so you know when you're doing that, right, Like, 0:22:57.680 --> 0:23:01.440 it just picks up more and more forced with each movement, 0:23:01.560 --> 0:23:05.679 each oscillation from one side to the other. Right Imagine, 0:23:06.200 --> 0:23:11.120 I know they're like, please stop, surely this is illegal, um, 0:23:11.160 --> 0:23:14.240 but they imagine that happening in the harbor, like that's 0:23:14.280 --> 0:23:16.680 what happens in the harbor. So it just gets even 0:23:16.720 --> 0:23:20.399 more destructive. But the wrap around effect, this article just 0:23:20.480 --> 0:23:24.160 totally completely gets it wrong. It's not the wraparound effect 0:23:24.200 --> 0:23:26.720 at all. So the referround effect is if you have 0:23:26.760 --> 0:23:29.920 a tsunami wave, remember these are many many miles across 0:23:30.520 --> 0:23:33.960 and they're coming inland if they encounter, say like a 0:23:34.000 --> 0:23:37.600 barrier island. This is a little island, right, You would 0:23:37.600 --> 0:23:40.760 think that the barrier island would slow it down, maybe 0:23:41.040 --> 0:23:43.879 make it, um take it a little easier on the 0:23:43.960 --> 0:23:47.760 land the shoreline behind the barrier island. It doesn't do 0:23:47.840 --> 0:23:53.000 that at all. The barrier island actually amplifies the tsunami 0:23:53.040 --> 0:23:55.680 wave and they couldn't figure out how, but they knew 0:23:55.720 --> 0:23:59.399 that it could amplify it by like but it doesn't 0:23:59.400 --> 0:24:02.240 make any sense. So they started studying it. And I'm 0:24:02.240 --> 0:24:04.520 not sure who someone's gonna call them they for now, 0:24:04.960 --> 0:24:08.879 but um, they they figured out what happens is the 0:24:08.920 --> 0:24:13.520 tsunami wave is split into two by this island, and 0:24:13.640 --> 0:24:16.480 for a very brief time, when they come back together, 0:24:17.359 --> 0:24:21.600 they are basically doubled in force. It's like two waves 0:24:21.640 --> 0:24:25.040