WEBVTT - 5G and the Future of Mobile 0:00:00.160 --> 0:00:07.080 Brought to you by Toyota. Let's go places. Welcome to 0:00:07.280 --> 0:00:14.920 Forward Thinking, Haydn and welcomed up Forward Thinking, the podcast 0:00:15.000 --> 0:00:17.080 that looks at the future and says, what's the story, 0:00:17.280 --> 0:00:20.840 Morning Glory, what's the word humming bird. I'm Jonathan Strickland, 0:00:20.920 --> 0:00:25.360 I'm Lauren, and I'm Joe McCormick. And today we're going 0:00:25.400 --> 0:00:30.639 to talk about five gus it's one more. It is 0:00:30.680 --> 0:00:34.720 one more than four thing. Oh, we probably would be 0:00:34.760 --> 0:00:39.120 four G. Yeah. You know, I remember back in the 0:00:39.159 --> 0:00:41.360 old days and when I was first getting into cell 0:00:41.360 --> 0:00:45.760 phones and you don't getting into them more like like 0:00:45.880 --> 0:00:50.000 I was like getting into baseball cards. Back when I 0:00:50.040 --> 0:00:52.480 think I had my first cell phone. I remember hearing 0:00:52.520 --> 0:00:57.120 about three G and and it was the heyday of 0:00:57.240 --> 0:00:59.880 three G when three G was a great thing, and 0:01:00.040 --> 0:01:03.200 had no idea what that meant. Well, you were not alone, Joe. 0:01:04.000 --> 0:01:07.440 But recently I saw an interesting This was yet another 0:01:07.480 --> 0:01:10.600 topic I came across because of something I saw in 0:01:11.120 --> 0:01:16.039 Alexis madrigals Awesome Email, his Real Future email newsletter, which 0:01:16.040 --> 0:01:20.000 if you're not subscribed to that you should. It's amazing. Yeah. Yeah, 0:01:20.040 --> 0:01:23.399 but it's about five G. No, not not the newsletter 0:01:23.760 --> 0:01:27.039 the topic that we want to talk about today, right, Right, 0:01:27.160 --> 0:01:30.600 So we have a lot of ground to cover before 0:01:30.600 --> 0:01:33.280 we can get to five G, right, for four G 0:01:33.520 --> 0:01:37.559 is worth of material at least, right, Okay. So so 0:01:37.560 --> 0:01:42.680 so all of this G business um has to do well. Okay, 0:01:42.680 --> 0:01:45.000 So so g G stands for generation. Let's get that 0:01:45.040 --> 0:01:47.960 out there right at the top end. Uh. And and 0:01:48.080 --> 0:01:52.160 what generation of of stuff we're talking about has to 0:01:52.200 --> 0:01:55.920 do with at its base level, how radio frequencies are 0:01:55.920 --> 0:02:00.280 allotted for broadcast and communication. Yeah, all right, because because 0:02:00.320 --> 0:02:02.840 that is how your cell phone works. It transmits data 0:02:02.920 --> 0:02:06.520 back and forth to cellular towers via radio waves, as 0:02:06.640 --> 0:02:09.920 does a lot of other stuff, right, And and so 0:02:10.040 --> 0:02:13.200 bits of the radio spectrum are cordoned off for all 0:02:13.240 --> 0:02:16.320 of these different uses, for for television and for flight navigation, 0:02:16.360 --> 0:02:19.480 and for mobile data and for local data within your 0:02:19.520 --> 0:02:23.280 house and and etcetera, and etcetera. Uh. And of course, 0:02:23.360 --> 0:02:28.000 when organizations and governments started allocating these frequencies, no one 0:02:28.080 --> 0:02:31.520 could have predicted the crush of mobile data. Uh, you 0:02:31.560 --> 0:02:34.680 know that the demand or the supply, And no one 0:02:34.680 --> 0:02:37.760 could have predicted the speed with which technology would be 0:02:37.800 --> 0:02:41.400 developed to attempt to meet that demand. It's all been 0:02:41.560 --> 0:02:44.360 really pretty haphazard, right, so this is going to make 0:02:44.400 --> 0:02:46.800 it even weirder when we're trying to predict what the 0:02:46.880 --> 0:02:50.240 next generation is going to look like. But there is 0:02:50.280 --> 0:02:53.399 something maybe interesting to say about it. But I think 0:02:53.400 --> 0:02:55.320 before we get there, we need to do a sort 0:02:55.360 --> 0:02:58.920 of brief history of the g S and English and 0:02:58.919 --> 0:03:02.040 and Lauren to your point, I mean, keep in mind 0:03:02.080 --> 0:03:06.720 like this, this entire technology is just over a century old. 0:03:06.840 --> 0:03:10.400 I mean from the point of using radio waves. Yeah, 0:03:10.520 --> 0:03:14.600 so yeah, not not cellular phones that's much younger, but 0:03:14.800 --> 0:03:17.280 the radio in general, where we've been using that for 0:03:17.360 --> 0:03:21.240 a little more than a hundred years. And obviously when 0:03:21.240 --> 0:03:23.880 it was first being used, no, there were no regulations 0:03:23.880 --> 0:03:26.600 because it hadn't been a thing before, right Yeah. Ever 0:03:26.880 --> 0:03:30.359 was just like so the regulations that came in place, 0:03:30.880 --> 0:03:33.520 they were developed in different parts of the world, so 0:03:33.600 --> 0:03:37.040 they're the allocations you will find in the United States 0:03:37.080 --> 0:03:39.360 are not necessarily the same as you would find in Europe, 0:03:39.960 --> 0:03:41.720 which may not be the same as you would find 0:03:41.720 --> 0:03:44.720 in other parts of the world. So that also makes 0:03:44.760 --> 0:03:47.480 things a little more complicated, because you know, if the 0:03:47.480 --> 0:03:50.080 whole world we're working on one standard. This story would 0:03:50.080 --> 0:03:53.360 probably be a lot easier, but that's not the way 0:03:53.400 --> 0:03:57.680 things turned out. So let's start with the first generation, 0:03:58.080 --> 0:04:04.280 the original series the Captain Kirk of the Cellular World. Um, 0:04:04.400 --> 0:04:09.760 so that first generation was an analog cellular system, not digital. 0:04:10.720 --> 0:04:13.960 This is this is one one G. Yeah, they probably 0:04:14.000 --> 0:04:16.400 didn't call it that at the time. No. No, it's 0:04:16.400 --> 0:04:19.200 like it's like you wouldn't say first annual. That's that's 0:04:19.240 --> 0:04:23.400 not that's just dumb say that. Well they shouldn't anyway, 0:04:23.520 --> 0:04:27.000 the the the unless they're of course talking about the 0:04:27.040 --> 0:04:29.080 second time they've held the event. That could be the 0:04:29.160 --> 0:04:33.920 first annual one at any rate. So one G stood 0:04:34.000 --> 0:04:38.560 for technologies including n M T C nets, amps and 0:04:38.680 --> 0:04:42.040 tax or A MPs and T A c s, which 0:04:42.040 --> 0:04:44.760 all began in the nineteen eighties. They had very limited bandwidth, 0:04:44.920 --> 0:04:48.279 so they really were only suitable for voice transmission. You 0:04:48.320 --> 0:04:53.839 did get a few, um you know, radio modem type things, 0:04:53.880 --> 0:04:56.520 but they were extremely limited in what they could do. 0:04:56.960 --> 0:05:00.599 So this was really primarily for voice train smission and 0:05:00.640 --> 0:05:04.000 that was it. Uh. These would be the old cellular 0:05:04.040 --> 0:05:06.479 phones that you would remember if you're old enough, with 0:05:06.560 --> 0:05:09.360 the big brick cellular phones, the giant ones with a 0:05:09.400 --> 0:05:13.839 huge antenna. UM. That's that's this era we're talking about. 0:05:14.400 --> 0:05:16.400 Then you get to two G. This is when we 0:05:16.440 --> 0:05:19.280 start moving into the ninety nineties, and this is where 0:05:19.320 --> 0:05:24.840 the two really big uh competing technologies came out of 0:05:24.960 --> 0:05:28.040 G S M and c d M A. UH, specifically 0:05:28.320 --> 0:05:31.160 c d M A one. There was also d AMPS 0:05:31.200 --> 0:05:33.080 at this time. But this is when we get into 0:05:33.160 --> 0:05:36.400 the first generation of digital cellular systems. So it's the 0:05:36.400 --> 0:05:40.880 second generation of cell systems overall, but the first generation 0:05:41.000 --> 0:05:44.839 of digital systems. Okay, you're saying a lot of acronyms. 0:05:45.200 --> 0:05:47.120 What are what are all these about? So tell me 0:05:47.120 --> 0:05:50.640 about amps and get some at least tell you. I'll 0:05:50.640 --> 0:05:52.400 tell you about g S M and c d M 0:05:52.440 --> 0:05:54.800 A because those are the two really important ones. G 0:05:55.040 --> 0:05:57.400 s M stands for Global System for Mobiles and c 0:05:57.520 --> 0:06:01.279 d M A stands for code division multiple access. Both 0:06:01.279 --> 0:06:04.320 of these are technologies that allow for multiple access to 0:06:04.480 --> 0:06:09.680 a tower to allow for transmission of radio signals. Very important, 0:06:09.880 --> 0:06:14.880 very basic technology that allows cell phones to work. Obviously, 0:06:14.960 --> 0:06:16.200 for a cell phone to work, you need to be 0:06:16.240 --> 0:06:18.240 able to have access a tower so that you can 0:06:18.320 --> 0:06:20.560 send your transmission to the tower to go onto the 0:06:20.560 --> 0:06:24.320 network and then receive information back from the network. And 0:06:24.720 --> 0:06:28.159 you need a methodology for handshakes. That's the time where 0:06:28.279 --> 0:06:31.719 you are going between one tower and another, like you're 0:06:31.920 --> 0:06:34.599 you're you're starting to leave one tower's transmission area while 0:06:34.600 --> 0:06:37.240 you're entering another one, and there's a handshake here, I 0:06:37.279 --> 0:06:40.919 am yeah. That allows that to continue without any interruption. 0:06:41.160 --> 0:06:42.800 So that way, if Lauren and I are talking on 0:06:42.839 --> 0:06:46.200 a cell phone and she's driving uh, and she goes 0:06:46.279 --> 0:06:49.479 past one tower to another, there's not an interruption in 0:06:49.520 --> 0:06:54.080 the conversation. So both of these technologies could do that. 0:06:54.160 --> 0:06:58.279 They were both the basics for digital cell phones. However, 0:06:58.320 --> 0:07:02.000 they're competing technologies. GS them phones won't work on a 0:07:02.040 --> 0:07:04.840 c d M A system and vice versa. You can 0:07:04.960 --> 0:07:06.840 get world phones, Like if you have a c d 0:07:06.960 --> 0:07:09.039 M A phone, you can get a world phone where 0:07:09.040 --> 0:07:11.120 it also has a G s M chip in it, 0:07:11.160 --> 0:07:13.200 but it will still primarily work on a c d 0:07:13.360 --> 0:07:16.000 M A network. Now, why the reason why I call 0:07:16.040 --> 0:07:19.480 it world phones is that most of the world, the 0:07:19.600 --> 0:07:23.400 overwhelming population of the world, relies on G s M. 0:07:24.120 --> 0:07:26.160 The United States is one of the few places that 0:07:26.280 --> 0:07:29.520 also has c d M A, So we have two 0:07:29.560 --> 0:07:32.880 major carriers that use G s M. That would be 0:07:32.920 --> 0:07:35.120 a T and T and T mobile. And then we 0:07:35.160 --> 0:07:38.880 have two major carriers, maybe three if you include UH 0:07:38.920 --> 0:07:42.640 some of the other slightly smaller but growing ones, but 0:07:42.720 --> 0:07:45.240 two major ones in Verizon and Sprint that use c 0:07:45.360 --> 0:07:50.320 d M A technology. And this is a problem obviously, 0:07:50.360 --> 0:07:52.120 because it means that if you have a C d 0:07:52.280 --> 0:07:55.360 M A phone, you are more limited in where you 0:07:55.360 --> 0:07:58.480 can take that phone and actually use it, unless again, 0:07:58.520 --> 0:08:00.360 you have a world phone. Most people in up either 0:08:00.440 --> 0:08:02.520 having a travel phone where it's a G s M 0:08:02.600 --> 0:08:05.560 M G s M phone just for travel, or you know, 0:08:05.640 --> 0:08:09.120 you can uh invest in a world phone, and maybe 0:08:09.120 --> 0:08:11.640 one day this will become moot, but for now it's 0:08:11.680 --> 0:08:14.360 still a thing. So the reason why most of the 0:08:14.360 --> 0:08:16.560 world uses G s M and stuff c d M 0:08:16.560 --> 0:08:20.840 A is that in n European government's mandated it. They 0:08:20.840 --> 0:08:24.440 said you have to use g s M and they 0:08:24.440 --> 0:08:26.800 were specifically looking at that because they considered it an 0:08:26.840 --> 0:08:30.960 industry consortium that had produced the G s M standard. 0:08:31.000 --> 0:08:34.240 In other words, it was a partnership amongst several different companies. 0:08:34.559 --> 0:08:37.840 No one company laid claim to ownership of it. UH. 0:08:37.920 --> 0:08:40.040 That was not true with C d M A, which 0:08:40.080 --> 0:08:43.679 was kind of a qual calm thing, so uh so 0:08:43.760 --> 0:08:47.719 they thought GSM better than this privately owned standard. The 0:08:47.760 --> 0:08:51.080 United States, however, looked at it as saying, hey, C 0:08:51.200 --> 0:08:54.439 d M A is allowing for faster data and voice 0:08:54.440 --> 0:08:57.679 transmission rates, clearer phone calls. You know that a better 0:08:57.720 --> 0:09:02.000 experience earlier on. And that's why in the United States 0:09:02.000 --> 0:09:04.719 you had some carriers pushing C d M A. Now 0:09:04.760 --> 0:09:07.080 G s M caught up, but it took some time. 0:09:07.280 --> 0:09:09.200 So at first C d M A was in the lead, 0:09:09.280 --> 0:09:12.560 and then the two were more or less comparable. Um. Now, 0:09:12.600 --> 0:09:14.200 if you have a G s M phone, it's very 0:09:14.240 --> 0:09:16.719 easy to switch from one network to another. So if 0:09:16.760 --> 0:09:18.599 I have an A T and T phone and I 0:09:18.640 --> 0:09:21.160 want to switch to T Mobile, it's very easy to do. 0:09:21.240 --> 0:09:23.280 I go to T Mobile, I get a new simcard 0:09:24.240 --> 0:09:26.520 or uh and I just pop it into my my 0:09:26.600 --> 0:09:28.560 phone and it should work fine. And the other nice 0:09:28.559 --> 0:09:30.600 thing is if I want to switch phones within the 0:09:30.640 --> 0:09:34.439 same network, it's easy. So let's say I've got my 0:09:34.640 --> 0:09:37.640 Nexus four on T Mobile and I want to upgrade 0:09:37.640 --> 0:09:40.920 to a Nexus six. Then I can get the new phone, 0:09:41.040 --> 0:09:44.320 pop the simcard into my new phone, and it works 0:09:45.000 --> 0:09:46.800 right out of the box like it's it's perfect. I 0:09:46.800 --> 0:09:48.760 don't have to do anything else to it. That is, 0:09:48.800 --> 0:09:50.680 of course, assuming that the sim card is the same 0:09:50.720 --> 0:09:54.320 size for the two phones, because recently we've received a 0:09:54.360 --> 0:09:57.240 lot of new types of sim card technology where they've 0:09:57.280 --> 0:09:59.680 been getting smaller and smaller. So sometimes you still have 0:09:59.720 --> 0:10:02.720 to go to a phone like carrier store in order 0:10:02.720 --> 0:10:04.760 to get a new size, or if you have a 0:10:04.840 --> 0:10:09.480 very steady hand, you can cut one down yourself. I 0:10:09.520 --> 0:10:11.400 didn't trust myself, so I went to the store to 0:10:11.400 --> 0:10:15.880 get one, so um. The other thing about early G 0:10:16.080 --> 0:10:17.360 S M and C D M A was that C 0:10:17.480 --> 0:10:21.560 D M A could not handle simultaneous voice and data. 0:10:22.120 --> 0:10:24.960 So you might remember commercials, I think A T and 0:10:25.000 --> 0:10:29.040 T rent commercials about how specifically with the iPhone you 0:10:29.080 --> 0:10:31.800 could have both voice and data at the same time, 0:10:31.840 --> 0:10:34.000 because at one time A T and T in the 0:10:34.040 --> 0:10:38.320 United States was the only carrier that had the iPhone. 0:10:39.000 --> 0:10:41.400 It's no longer the case, but for for several years 0:10:41.400 --> 0:10:43.720 that was the case, and they said, hey, you can 0:10:43.840 --> 0:10:46.160 use both on our phone. Because it happened to be 0:10:46.200 --> 0:10:47.760 a G S M phone. They didn't, you know, it 0:10:47.840 --> 0:10:49.720 sounded like they were saying that it was unique to 0:10:49.720 --> 0:10:52.000 the iPhone. It wasn't. It was that it was the 0:10:52.280 --> 0:10:57.000 network the technology they were using allowed for it. So 0:10:57.280 --> 0:11:00.920 that is your two G. Uh. You think we would 0:11:00.920 --> 0:11:03.840 immediately go to three G. But hold up a second, 0:11:04.240 --> 0:11:08.280 because there's two point five G. This is starting to 0:11:08.320 --> 0:11:11.439 sound like seasons of the New Battlestar Galactica. It feels 0:11:11.520 --> 0:11:14.920 like that. It also it also feels like generations of 0:11:14.960 --> 0:11:17.600 the iPhone, where the number that is associated with the 0:11:17.600 --> 0:11:23.199 iPhone is not necessarily the actual generation of the iPhone. 0:11:23.280 --> 0:11:27.160 Or or Windows, like this is Windows ten. We went 0:11:27.160 --> 0:11:30.680 from Windows seven to Windows eight to Windows ten. I 0:11:30.760 --> 0:11:34.520 love Windows. Schmickery. Do when can I get cell phone emmy? 0:11:35.120 --> 0:11:37.240 All right, well let's let's go back to two point 0:11:37.240 --> 0:11:40.160 five G. So this is where we get even more confusing. 0:11:40.200 --> 0:11:44.520 All right, so we've got these two competing technologies that 0:11:44.600 --> 0:11:46.880 you know in the in the G M S and 0:11:46.920 --> 0:11:49.959 c d um ah. Now we get to g p 0:11:50.320 --> 0:11:53.160 R S and c d M A two thousand one x. 0:11:53.520 --> 0:11:58.640 These were enhanced to G networks. So here's the deal. 0:12:00.400 --> 0:12:03.160 We're not just talking about generations here. It would be 0:12:03.200 --> 0:12:05.599 so much easier if we were talking generations except for 0:12:05.640 --> 0:12:08.240 the fact that since we have a branching technology tree, 0:12:08.440 --> 0:12:12.320 you would have different generations as technology is mature at 0:12:12.320 --> 0:12:15.880 different rates. Right, So G S M would be maturing 0:12:16.080 --> 0:12:19.680 at at one and I think it's a g MS 0:12:19.720 --> 0:12:21.760 a second ago. But G s M would be maturing 0:12:21.760 --> 0:12:23.160 at one rate and C D M A would be 0:12:23.200 --> 0:12:27.800 maturing at another rate. So that would make that confusing. 0:12:27.920 --> 0:12:31.160 But to to try and make it a little more streamlined, 0:12:32.160 --> 0:12:36.000 the various international organizations have come in to say, listen, 0:12:36.240 --> 0:12:40.040 we're going to say that that generation stands for the 0:12:40.120 --> 0:12:44.960 capability of your technology, not how many iterations there have been, 0:12:45.320 --> 0:12:49.480 but there is a bare basic limit of of how 0:12:49.600 --> 0:12:53.080 much data they have to be able to accept per second, 0:12:53.480 --> 0:12:55.880 and if they meet that, that means they fall into 0:12:55.960 --> 0:13:00.400 this generation versus that generation. That's nice. Yeah, So two 0:13:00.400 --> 0:13:03.800 point five point five is two point five because it's 0:13:03.880 --> 0:13:06.320 faster than two but it doesn't quite meet the standards 0:13:06.440 --> 0:13:09.160 that were set for three G. So they had to 0:13:09.360 --> 0:13:11.959 pick where do you put them? Do you don't want 0:13:11.960 --> 0:13:15.960 to call it two G because as a carrier, you 0:13:16.000 --> 0:13:19.040 want to use this as a selling point to your customers, 0:13:19.040 --> 0:13:22.160 say our networks are faster than two G. But you 0:13:22.240 --> 0:13:25.120 can't go and say they're three G because the data 0:13:25.240 --> 0:13:27.480 rates aren't there yet. They could have just gone with 0:13:27.520 --> 0:13:31.440 like awesome too, or three to two G plus or 0:13:31.520 --> 0:13:34.720 two G plus or three G minus a little bit. Uh. 0:13:34.800 --> 0:13:37.560 So that gives us to three G, where we have 0:13:37.640 --> 0:13:40.400 a whole bunch of different competing standards which I'm not 0:13:40.400 --> 0:13:42.400 even gonna go into. I mean edges in there. So 0:13:42.440 --> 0:13:44.320 if you've ever heard about being on the edge network, 0:13:44.360 --> 0:13:47.360 that's technically a three G network. They have even faster 0:13:47.480 --> 0:13:51.360 data rates than previous generations, at about kill a bits 0:13:51.400 --> 0:13:56.600 per second. So when I say even faster, that's pretty slow, yeah, 0:13:56.640 --> 0:13:59.000 but faster than two G. So the u N International 0:13:59.080 --> 0:14:01.920 Telecommunications Union set the standard for three G at two 0:14:01.920 --> 0:14:06.440 megabets per second if the phone is stationary, and kill 0:14:06.520 --> 0:14:09.480 bits per second for a phone that's in motion. Obviously, 0:14:09.480 --> 0:14:11.480 phones that are in motion have to deal with this handshake, 0:14:11.920 --> 0:14:14.960 so that's what complicates matters. If you are stationary, you 0:14:15.000 --> 0:14:16.640 don't need to do that, and you can have a 0:14:16.679 --> 0:14:20.440 faster download rate. Okay, so we're getting closer to the 0:14:20.480 --> 0:14:24.840 present day. Yeah, when we hit four G, okay, yeah, 0:14:25.000 --> 0:14:27.040 all right, tell me the story of four G. Four 0:14:27.120 --> 0:14:31.560 G is another complicated story. Send to me sing, so 0:14:32.520 --> 0:14:35.880 I can tell you what four G is supposed to be. 0:14:35.920 --> 0:14:38.960 Four G is supposed to be one gigabit per second 0:14:39.080 --> 0:14:41.640 when the phone is stationary or mobile device. It's not 0:14:41.720 --> 0:14:44.360 just a phone now, but four G you should be 0:14:44.400 --> 0:14:48.320 able to get a one gigabit per second download rate 0:14:48.960 --> 0:14:52.120 when that when the device is not in motion, and 0:14:52.240 --> 0:14:55.840 one hundred megabets per second when it is in motion. However, 0:14:57.360 --> 0:15:00.440 none of the current standards that are touted as four 0:15:00.520 --> 0:15:05.120 G meet that specification. Yeah, so they're just they're just 0:15:05.280 --> 0:15:08.800 flipping the un off all the time. Yeah, they're essentially saying, listen, 0:15:08.800 --> 0:15:11.440 we're calling this four G because it is the next 0:15:11.560 --> 0:15:16.640 generation of our technology. It works in a completely different 0:15:16.680 --> 0:15:19.720 way from three G. It uses a different methodology for 0:15:19.800 --> 0:15:24.480 handling data. It's it's using brand new technology, so we 0:15:24.600 --> 0:15:26.600 gotta call it something. We're not calling it three G 0:15:26.760 --> 0:15:29.040 plus or three point five G, so we're calling it 0:15:29.080 --> 0:15:33.360 four G. And you can take your standards and just 0:15:33.520 --> 0:15:36.080 pretend like they don't exist, because that's what we're gonna do. 0:15:36.240 --> 0:15:39.080 That's like if Star Trek the next generation had James 0:15:39.120 --> 0:15:42.600 do Hand in the engineering room. Yeah, so we're just 0:15:43.240 --> 0:15:47.760 we're just having him. It's no reason we're not explaining it. Um. Yeah, 0:15:47.840 --> 0:15:51.320 and it's so so we have this four gen name 0:15:51.400 --> 0:15:54.280 that's a marketing term. It's not really they're not four 0:15:54.320 --> 0:15:56.680 G according to those UN standards, which by the way, 0:15:56.840 --> 0:15:59.640 even the U N now is like whatever, okay, fine, 0:16:00.280 --> 0:16:02.640 uh And the and the technologies that we're talking about 0:16:03.000 --> 0:16:05.160 that are called for g R U l T E, 0:16:05.680 --> 0:16:08.440 And then there's y max, and there's h s P 0:16:08.600 --> 0:16:11.440 A plus. Hsp A plus comes in a couple of 0:16:11.480 --> 0:16:15.400 different flavors of forty two. Although forty two are the 0:16:15.400 --> 0:16:17.640 ones that are considered to be closer to four G speeds, 0:16:17.960 --> 0:16:20.640 none of these get close to that one gigabit per 0:16:20.680 --> 0:16:25.000 second uh LTE tops out of around a hundred megabits 0:16:25.040 --> 0:16:29.160 per second or so. Um, you can get. The fastest 0:16:29.200 --> 0:16:31.960 speed up scene for LT is three hundred megabits per second. 0:16:32.000 --> 0:16:35.960 That was like an ideal test. Um. There is l 0:16:36.000 --> 0:16:40.120 t A l t E Advanced, which could theoretically get 0:16:40.200 --> 0:16:44.320 much faster, but that's not rolled out very widely right now. 0:16:44.960 --> 0:16:47.640 Y max is kind of dead in the water. Essentially, 0:16:47.640 --> 0:16:50.480 it's no longer really a thing. Everyone's looking at l 0:16:50.520 --> 0:16:54.000 T E hsp A plus some some carriers use that. 0:16:54.040 --> 0:16:57.080 T Mobile uses that, but they also use l T E. 0:16:57.160 --> 0:17:01.240 They roll out LT networks as well, so that is 0:17:01.320 --> 0:17:03.720 kind of leading us up to today. That's where we 0:17:03.760 --> 0:17:08.160 are now, is with this mishmash of technologies. By the way, 0:17:08.600 --> 0:17:12.160 if we all by we, I mean like the carriers, 0:17:12.440 --> 0:17:15.440 if all the carriers adopted LTE, if they rolled out 0:17:15.880 --> 0:17:20.560 robust LT networks and phased out the older networks, then 0:17:20.640 --> 0:17:24.520 you could, in theory, have a phone that could work 0:17:24.560 --> 0:17:26.920 on any network as long as it was an LTE phone, 0:17:26.960 --> 0:17:31.160 because it's it's no longer this branching UH technology where 0:17:31.200 --> 0:17:33.080 you've got the G S N versus C D M A. 0:17:33.440 --> 0:17:36.879 It would all be unified in theory. In practice not 0:17:37.000 --> 0:17:41.200 gonna happen because you've got companies putting in proprietary software 0:17:41.680 --> 0:17:44.119 that is required to run in order for you to 0:17:44.160 --> 0:17:46.520 do something like make a voice call, So you can't 0:17:46.560 --> 0:17:48.960 just take the phone you have on one network and 0:17:49.040 --> 0:17:51.720 pop onto another network and not have any problems. It's 0:17:51.760 --> 0:17:55.640 it's overall advantageous I would say for humanity, um for 0:17:55.680 --> 0:17:59.040 everyone to be working within the same infrastructure. But it's 0:17:59.080 --> 0:18:02.320 it's honestly very advantageous from a business perspective to use 0:18:02.359 --> 0:18:05.840 your own proprietary to lock you in. Yeah, you can 0:18:05.840 --> 0:18:08.199 sell more stuff. Yeah, yeah, I love being locked in. 0:18:08.960 --> 0:18:12.119 So it's so cozy. It's like a hobbit hole that 0:18:12.119 --> 0:18:14.800 you can't leave. When I don't have to make choices, 0:18:15.000 --> 0:18:18.480 my life is so much easier. Actually, there's some truth 0:18:18.520 --> 0:18:22.440 to that. We should talk about the science of choice sometimes. Yeah, 0:18:22.480 --> 0:18:27.040 I mean yeah, if you have, you know, unlimited choice, 0:18:27.040 --> 0:18:28.880 then you could be paralyzed by it. We've talked about 0:18:28.920 --> 0:18:31.240 that a couple of times on tech stuff. Yes, yes, okay, 0:18:31.320 --> 0:18:36.399 but so so shade aside. Um, let's let's look forward 0:18:36.440 --> 0:18:40.000 to this amazing future of five G. Okay, right, well, 0:18:40.040 --> 0:18:42.720 what inspired us to talk about this today was, again, 0:18:42.760 --> 0:18:46.320 like I said, uh, an article that I read about 0:18:46.640 --> 0:18:51.120 people predicting five G what the next generation of this 0:18:51.359 --> 0:18:54.880 wireless technology would be. So five G is not a 0:18:54.920 --> 0:18:57.720 fixed standard yet, right, it's more of a kind of 0:18:57.720 --> 0:19:00.840 an ambiguous concept. What's going on now is people are 0:19:00.920 --> 0:19:05.160 debating and talking about what five G is going to be. Yeah, 0:19:05.160 --> 0:19:07.560 they're kind of blue skying it. I mean, you can 0:19:07.600 --> 0:19:11.399 make certain predictions saying that these are the sort of 0:19:11.400 --> 0:19:14.399 things we would consider necessary for us to call it 0:19:14.480 --> 0:19:18.440 five G. For example, we would expect even faster UH 0:19:18.600 --> 0:19:21.320 data rates that would be that would be an expectation 0:19:21.480 --> 0:19:25.280 of the advancement of the generations of this technology. But 0:19:25.320 --> 0:19:27.720 there are other elements as well. So it's one of 0:19:27.760 --> 0:19:30.120 those things. Again, since since we don't have a hard 0:19:30.160 --> 0:19:34.120 and fast number, Ultimately, what might happen is the next 0:19:34.160 --> 0:19:36.879 technology that comes out, people will start calling five G 0:19:37.200 --> 0:19:39.879 and it may not come close to measuring up to 0:19:40.040 --> 0:19:42.679 some of the things that people have proposed. Right, but 0:19:43.119 --> 0:19:46.760 already there have been some like politicians and industry leaders 0:19:46.840 --> 0:19:50.080 trying to set really ambitious goals for what should be done, 0:19:50.240 --> 0:19:54.160 incredibly ambitious, like sometimes like you hear it and you think, 0:19:54.280 --> 0:19:58.359 wait what Yeah. So the topic of five G was 0:19:58.400 --> 0:20:05.359 addressed in March Mobile World Congress, and Bonnie Chop or 0:20:05.440 --> 0:20:08.639 Recode put together a good right up afterwards, including predictions 0:20:08.680 --> 0:20:13.600 made about speed, which came to the prediction was that 0:20:13.720 --> 0:20:18.000 five G would feature ideal speeds of ten gigabits per 0:20:18.040 --> 0:20:24.080 second And I just thought, w T some other letters. 0:20:25.680 --> 0:20:32.200 Are are they the generation? Are they for real? Because 0:20:32.320 --> 0:20:35.399 so the four Chop points out that the four G 0:20:35.600 --> 0:20:38.359 standard the ideal standard is one gigabit per second, but 0:20:38.520 --> 0:20:42.440 it's never actually that fast, is it. No? And what 0:20:42.640 --> 0:20:45.840 prevents it from operating at that top speed, Well, there's 0:20:45.960 --> 0:20:48.920 just the basic limitation of the systems themselves. Like I said, 0:20:48.960 --> 0:20:51.840 with LTE, the regular LT you top out in around 0:20:51.880 --> 0:20:55.720 three d megabits per second even under ideal circumstances. But 0:20:55.840 --> 0:20:58.719 what goes into that speed is a whole bunch of factors. Um, 0:20:58.920 --> 0:21:01.760 it's it's going to be the distance between you and 0:21:01.840 --> 0:21:04.640 the tower that your device is communicating with. It's gonna 0:21:04.720 --> 0:21:08.440 be um, the amount of other data that that tower 0:21:08.600 --> 0:21:11.720 is handling at the time, Um, the weather, the number 0:21:11.800 --> 0:21:14.320 of trees that are between you and the tower. Yeah, yeah, 0:21:14.440 --> 0:21:16.679 it's tons of stuff like that. Now, if you are 0:21:16.720 --> 0:21:19.920 talking about, you know, lab conditions, then that's where you 0:21:19.960 --> 0:21:22.800 would probably get this ideal speed. But even in those 0:21:22.880 --> 0:21:25.760 lab conditions, no one has come close to the gigabits 0:21:25.800 --> 0:21:32.200 per second, although lt LTE Advanced has the theoretical peak 0:21:32.560 --> 0:21:36.520 performance of three gigabits per second download speed one point 0:21:36.640 --> 0:21:39.800 five gigabits per second upload speed. But as I said earlier, 0:21:40.359 --> 0:21:44.080 there are not very many ILT advanced UH networks rolled 0:21:44.119 --> 0:21:46.520 out yet, so it's we don't have a lot of 0:21:46.600 --> 0:21:49.800 real world testing in that realm. Yeah, it should have 0:21:49.800 --> 0:21:52.560 added to that list to the physical capacity, the physical 0:21:52.640 --> 0:21:56.480 technological capacity of both your device and all of the 0:21:56.520 --> 0:21:59.200 computers at the other end of the network that it's 0:21:59.240 --> 0:22:01.119 talking to you. It's of like saying that you know, 0:22:01.200 --> 0:22:03.960 if you have if you have a hallway that's ten 0:22:04.160 --> 0:22:07.280 people wide, but your doorway is only one person wide, 0:22:07.720 --> 0:22:10.040 then and you think of the doorway being your device, 0:22:10.160 --> 0:22:12.280 then your device would be the bottleneck in that case. 0:22:12.600 --> 0:22:14.320 Or or even you know, like I've got this really 0:22:14.359 --> 0:22:20.400 elegant software and a tricycle. Yeah, yeah, that that would 0:22:20.400 --> 0:22:22.960 not be helpful at home. Should have seen Laura gestu. 0:22:23.680 --> 0:22:26.840 She was pointing at the tricycle. I believe I believed 0:22:27.040 --> 0:22:29.720 there was a tricycle there. No, it's how how convincing. 0:22:29.760 --> 0:22:33.320 It was maybe ten gigabits per second, which again was 0:22:33.440 --> 0:22:37.480