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Speaker 1: Pushkin too quick.

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Speaker 2: No, it's perfect push kit stuff.

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Speaker 3: You got it, Take one and see one.

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Speaker 2: Robert Smith. I'm gonna start with this. Thomas Edison did

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Speaker 2: not invent.

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Speaker 1: The light bulb, killing me here.

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Speaker 2: You knew this. I did doubt this, Yeah, I mean

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Speaker 2: he improved it, right, But by the time he got

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Speaker 2: to work on the light bulb, this is like late

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Speaker 2: eighteen seventies. People had been working on incandescent bulbs for

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Speaker 2: a long time, right, for decades, but there was a problem, right,

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Speaker 2: nobody could figure out how to make a light bulb

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Speaker 2: that lasted, that lasted long enough to be a thing

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Speaker 2: people would actually use. And the key kind of limiting

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Speaker 2: factor was the filament, the thing in the bulb that

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Speaker 2: heats up and glows. Right, And so the base there's

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Speaker 2: a question is what thing can you use? What material

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Speaker 2: is cheap and abundant, and we'll make a good filament.

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Speaker 2: This is the canonical Edison story right here, right. If

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Speaker 2: you know one Thomas Edison story, you know the story

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Speaker 2: of Edison search for the right filament. He's in Menlo Park, right,

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Speaker 2: He's got the invention factory that we talked about last time.

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Speaker 2: He's got his muckers around him.

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Speaker 1: Filled with materials, test tubes, everything you can need for invention.

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Speaker 2: They are trying literally thousands and thousands of things to

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Speaker 2: see what will work as a filament.

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Speaker 1: Here's a partial list from the Edmund Morris Edison biography

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Speaker 1: of things that they tried inside the light bulb. Sassafras, pith, monkey,

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Speaker 1: bast I think it's a tree, some tree, ginger root, pomegranate,

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Speaker 1: pl oh if only are modern technology is based on pomegranates,

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Speaker 1: eucalyped to, cinnamon bark, palm fronds, jute boiled in maple syrup.

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Speaker 1: How you even come up with that? You're like, jut's

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Speaker 1: not you didn't work? What if we go? Like I

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Speaker 1: got an idea macaroni and asked fault. There was also

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Speaker 1: this moment apparently where a few people on Edison's team

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Speaker 1: used hair from their beards as filaments. You know, they

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Speaker 1: had the long beards and they're like, I don't know,

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Speaker 1: maybe maybe my hair will be the one that solves

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Speaker 1: this problem. They take bets on whose would last the longest.

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Speaker 2: It would have been amazing if one guy's beard hair worked,

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Speaker 2: But then what do you do if it's just like

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Speaker 2: just his hair?

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Speaker 1: You're like, bro, we got to industrialize your man.

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Speaker 2: So they do eventually find the thing, right, as we know,

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Speaker 2: and it's carbonized bamboo.

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Speaker 1: I did not know that.

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Speaker 2: And they make a prototype bulb with the filament of

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Speaker 2: carbonized bamboo and it lasts for one thousand, five hundred

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Speaker 2: and eighty nine hours. It's a winner, right, This is

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Speaker 2: long enough to make a light bulb that's gonna work.

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Speaker 2: And it finally burns out. And a guy in the

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Speaker 2: lab his you know, sees marks the time he takes

53
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Speaker 2: the bulb and he rushes upstairs to Edison to say,

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Speaker 2: we've got it, you know, a little light bulb above

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Speaker 2: his head. Idea, right, And and they all apparently like

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Speaker 2: start dancing around, go outside, dancing to the night because

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Speaker 2: they have succeeded.

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Speaker 1: In the darkness, mind you, because the light bulb it

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Speaker 1: just burned out so beautiful.

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Speaker 2: And so on January twenty seventh, eighteen eighty, Thomas Edison

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Speaker 2: is granted patent two two three eight nine eight. And

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Speaker 2: this patent is just called Gloriously Electric Lamp. And this

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Speaker 2: is Thomas Edison again not inventing the light bulb, right,

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Speaker 2: but improving it.

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Speaker 1: But the thing I.

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Speaker 2: Want to say about this canonical Edison light bulb story

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Speaker 2: is the light bulb in the Thomas Edison story is

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Speaker 2: way overrated. There's another patent that he applied for around

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Speaker 2: the same time it was granted later that I think

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Speaker 2: is much more important, much more telling, much more at

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Speaker 2: the center of today's story, and that is Patent number

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Speaker 2: three six' nine two eight Zero system Of Electrical.

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Speaker 1: Distribution the. Grid the, grid the electrical grid the big.

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Speaker 2: Idea.

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Speaker 1: Right the light bulb is the small idea of the,

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Speaker 1: bamboo but the grid is what will Change.

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Speaker 2: America and really, strikingly this is What edison is thinking

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Speaker 2: about from the very. Beginning it's clear from the historical.

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Speaker 2: Record before he even gets anywhere with the, bulb he's

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Speaker 2: already imagining electrifying the. World I'm Jacob goldstein.

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Speaker 1: And I'm Robert, smith and this Is Business, history a

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Speaker 1: show about the history of. Business this is our second

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Speaker 1: of three shows About Thomas. Edison last, time you may,

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Speaker 1: remember he built his invention factory on a hill and

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Speaker 1: he created the. Phonograph wasn't the first to bring it to,

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Speaker 1: market but still a, miracle and he became famous as

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Speaker 1: The wizard Of Menlo.

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Speaker 2: Park and so today we Find, edison still in his early,

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Speaker 2: thirties still a young, man a mere, boy and he's

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Speaker 2: thinking much bigger than the phonograph, now, Right he's not

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Speaker 2: thinking about a light. Bulb he is thinking about how

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Speaker 2: to power a city with a million light. Bulbs he's

93
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Speaker 2: thinking about how big electric power can be beyond the light.

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Speaker 2: Bulb electricity is going to be the transformative tech achnology

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Speaker 2: for the next one hundred years.

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Speaker 1: Ish and yet at a really crucial, Moment edison is

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Speaker 1: going to make a fundamental, mistake a classic business kind of,

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Speaker 1: mistake and this mistake is going to get him into

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Speaker 1: a public and really a really a gruesome. Fight people

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Speaker 1: call it The war of The, currents gets, personal gets,

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Speaker 1: ugly And, edison maybe for the first time in his,

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Speaker 1: life is going to.

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Speaker 2: Lose edison has this idea for the light bulb and

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Speaker 2: for the, grid and this idea presents a really, particular

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Speaker 2: really interesting kind of problem in, innovation, Right, like you

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Speaker 2: can come up with the new, idea you can build

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Speaker 2: the perfect, prototype a perfect light, bulb but the first,

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Speaker 2: locomotive you, know an electric vehicle that people are actually

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Speaker 2: might want to, Buy but nobody's going to buy a light,

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Speaker 2: bulb or a locomotive or an, evy no matter how

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Speaker 2: beautiful and perfect they, are unless there is this infrastructure

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Speaker 2: built around. Them. Right for a light bulb you need

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Speaker 2: an electric. Grid for a lot so, comotive you need

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Speaker 2: hundreds of miles of railroad. Tracks for an ev you

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Speaker 2: need charging stations all around the.

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Speaker 1: Country and we call this the network effect at business.

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Speaker 1: School it's the classic, like no one wants to join

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Speaker 1: a social network with only one person on.

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Speaker 2: It, yes and at least with a social, network it's just, software,

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Speaker 2: right like you can if you can get people, going

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Speaker 2: it can. Build but in this, case in the case

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Speaker 2: of the light bulb and the, grid even if everybody

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Speaker 2: buys a light, bulb that's still not enough money to

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Speaker 2: build the. Grid, right there is this chicken and egg,

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Speaker 2: problem which is you need the money first to build

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Speaker 2: the infrastructure so that people will buy the light.

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Speaker 1: Bulb and this is what finance was invented for large

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Speaker 1: amounts of, money capital that can be invested for a future.

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Speaker 1: Outcome So edison wants to build his grid In Lower, manhattan,

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Speaker 1: right this is the densest area of The United states

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Speaker 1: at this. Point wants to dig up the streets and lay,

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Speaker 1: wires build these giant dynamos to generate electricity for, everyone

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Speaker 1: and the cost at the time just must have been.

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Speaker 1: Enormous but fortunately For, edison he knows a very rich,

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Speaker 1: person a financier whose office is right in the middle

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Speaker 1: of where the grid is, going not a, coincidence and

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Speaker 1: he's a massing power on this scale never before seen

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Speaker 1: in The United states Of. America this MAN Jp, Morgan oh,

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Speaker 1: Man i'm just gonna do a big reveal, It John Pierrepont,

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Speaker 1: MORGAN i was gonna do it in that, Voice, Okay,

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Speaker 1: YEAH Jp, morgan banker who created Modern american. Economy right

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Speaker 1: at the, Time america didn't have a central, bank AND

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Speaker 1: Jp morgan sort of acted as This he was this,

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Speaker 1: conduit the center of the spokes of all the money

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Speaker 1: and power in The United. States it went THROUGH Jp,

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Speaker 1: morgan AND Jp, morgan like billionaires, everywhere loved to be

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Speaker 1: the first to get a new. Technology and he loved

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Speaker 1: the electric. Light there's this story actually HE Jp morgan

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Speaker 1: had this mansion right in the middle Of, manhattan Of Midtown,

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Speaker 1: manhattan essentially right and he wanted to have, lights these

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Speaker 1: new electric. Lights but there wasn't a grid at the.

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Speaker 1: Time and just to go back a little, bit electric

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Speaker 1: generators had been around for a, while you, know probably

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Speaker 1: fifty years at this, Point Michael. Faraday and you, know

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Speaker 1: it's a way a mortar goes and it moves a

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Speaker 1: magnet next to a wire and it creates electric, current

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Speaker 1: but has to be very close to the electric. Light

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Speaker 1: so in order to get electric lights in his, mansion

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Speaker 1: he had to also have a. Generator and this meant

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Speaker 1: he had to hire somebody to run the. Generator and

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Speaker 1: this person would come at three o'clock in the, afternoon

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Speaker 1: rank up or however they started the, generator the lights

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Speaker 1: would go on in the. House AND i just picture

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Speaker 1: eight nine, o'clock this single glowing house in the middle Of.

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Speaker 1: Manhattan everyone else has the flickering gas, lights but you've

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Speaker 1: got this bright electric light in the middle Of. Manhattan

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Speaker 1: and then at eleven o'clock and she was, like, yeah

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Speaker 1: turn it off the, engine turn it off and goes,

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Speaker 1: home like this was such a pain in the ass

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Speaker 1: that only the richest man In america could have this

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Speaker 1: kind of.

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Speaker 2: System.

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Speaker 1: Right in, fact at one POINT i guess he wired

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Speaker 1: up some of the light MPs on his. Desk if

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Speaker 1: someone did it for, him and it started a fire

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Speaker 1: and they put out the fire and they're, LIKE i don't,

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Speaker 1: know this is kind of, weird like for you to

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Speaker 1: have this dangerous technology like running through your. Home and he's, like,

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Speaker 1: eh it's.

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Speaker 2: Fine So morgan becomes the key backer Of Thomas edison

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Speaker 2: and his dream of building a, grid And morgan gets

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Speaker 2: the money.

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Speaker 1: Together that's what he.

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Speaker 2: Does he finances this essential, infrastructure And edison makes it.

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Speaker 1: Happen you, know.

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Speaker 2: His team digs up the streets all around The Lower.

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Speaker 2: Manhattan they put the wires. In edison builds this power

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Speaker 2: station On Pearl, street and, amazingly the whole thing from

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Speaker 2: like the time he gets the idea until it's ready

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Speaker 2: to go is four, years which, like what could you

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Speaker 2: build In New york? Today had four?

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Speaker 1: Years we used to build things in this. Country it's,

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Speaker 1: True it's.

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Speaker 2: True, Okay So september, fourth eighteen eighty, two we are.

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Speaker 2: Ready edison is ready to turn on the. Power tell

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Speaker 2: me there's one of those giant, switches you, know LIKE

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Speaker 2: i think there is a jump. Switch. Yeah, interestingly, Interestingly

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Speaker 2: edison is not the man to pull. It in, fact

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Speaker 2: he's not even at this power station that he has.

200
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Speaker 2: Built he's a few blocks away the office Of, morgan.

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Speaker 1: Right the real power.

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Speaker 2: Situation, Right, yeah So edison is At morgan's office On Wall.

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Speaker 1: Street the power' is supposed to go on at three

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Speaker 1: in the.

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Speaker 2: Afternoon you, know there's light bulbs screwed into sockets all

206
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Speaker 2: around the, office and you, know there's all these fancy

207
00:10:43,760 --> 00:10:46,280
Speaker 2: people standing there waiting for the lights to go, on

208
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Speaker 2: and it's almost three and nobody's ever done this, before

209
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Speaker 2: so it's not even clear if it's going to. Work,

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Speaker 2: Right they're standing there thinking are the lights going to

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Speaker 2: go on in a minute or? Not and a guy

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Speaker 2: goes one hundred dollars says they don't go, on, schmuck

213
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Speaker 2: And edison goes. Taken and then the lights go. On,

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Speaker 2: whoo it, works gets this hundred bucks and they go,

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Speaker 2: on you.

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Speaker 1: Know around the.

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Speaker 2: Neighborhood they go on around this, neighborhood around the power.

218
00:11:10,920 --> 00:11:14,120
Speaker 2: Station but it's not like all Of, manhattan, Right this

219
00:11:14,320 --> 00:11:17,600
Speaker 2: power plant is big enough to light up like a.

220
00:11:17,679 --> 00:11:19,600
Speaker 2: Mile it's not even a square mile at the, beginning

221
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Speaker 2: but that's about the limit of. It and this is

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Speaker 2: really important because it's not just because this is like.

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Speaker 1: A prototype or.

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Speaker 2: Something it's inherent to the technology That edison is, using and,

225
00:11:30,200 --> 00:11:36,439
Speaker 2: specifically specifically he's generating direct current OR dc. Power and

226
00:11:36,920 --> 00:11:40,560
Speaker 2: for sort of basic, reasons you couldn't SEND dc power

227
00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:43,280
Speaker 2: much more than a mile from from where it was.

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Speaker 1: Generated, now of, course at this point we could, say,

229
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Speaker 1: oh it's we don't want to get the whole COMPLICATED

230
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Speaker 1: ac VERSUS dc. Two we do want to SO dc

231
00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:54,360
Speaker 1: direct CURRENT i like to think of as blowing air

232
00:11:54,800 --> 00:11:58,720
Speaker 1: through a, straw. Right electrons are moving through a wire

233
00:11:59,240 --> 00:12:01,640
Speaker 1: in a straight, line, Essentially and anyone who's been a

234
00:12:01,679 --> 00:12:03,840
Speaker 1: kid has probably built something with a little little light

235
00:12:03,880 --> 00:12:06,240
Speaker 1: bulb and two wires and a battery that is a

236
00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:08,640
Speaker 1: direct current and battery battery is direct.

237
00:12:08,640 --> 00:12:11,719
Speaker 2: Current today when you have a battery that is sending direct.

238
00:12:11,440 --> 00:12:14,760
Speaker 1: Current but there is a different kind of power called

239
00:12:14,960 --> 00:12:19,080
Speaker 1: alternating CURRENT. Ac and this is kind of a genius, move.

240
00:12:19,160 --> 00:12:21,320
Speaker 1: Right you want electrons to move in the. Wire that's

241
00:12:21,360 --> 00:12:23,880
Speaker 1: what creates the, work but nothing says it has to

242
00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:27,040
Speaker 1: go in one particular. Direction it works if you send

243
00:12:27,080 --> 00:12:29,720
Speaker 1: the electrons in the opposite, direction or it works if

244
00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:35,000
Speaker 1: the electrons kind of go back and. Forth that's the alternating,

245
00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:38,480
Speaker 1: hoo it does just as much. WORK i saw something

246
00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:40,960
Speaker 1: on the, internet AND i love this idea of a.

247
00:12:41,040 --> 00:12:43,679
Speaker 1: Saw like a saw does not go in one. Direction

248
00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:46,000
Speaker 1: a saw goes back and. Forth but if you do it,

249
00:12:46,120 --> 00:12:48,800
Speaker 1: enough you can saw through a. Log, Right so we

250
00:12:48,880 --> 00:12:50,760
Speaker 1: have the there through the straw of the direct current

251
00:12:50,920 --> 00:12:54,679
Speaker 1: and the saw the alternating. Current, sure and there's one

252
00:12:54,760 --> 00:12:57,520
Speaker 1: quality OF ac that is going to be essential, here

253
00:12:57,960 --> 00:13:00,120
Speaker 1: and that is this thing we're talking about about the.

254
00:13:00,280 --> 00:13:03,720
Speaker 1: Distance so in the nature OF, ac you can basically

255
00:13:03,800 --> 00:13:08,360
Speaker 1: run it at really high, voltages like really high dangerous.

256
00:13:08,520 --> 00:13:11,440
Speaker 1: Voltages and the way it works is you could send

257
00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:15,240
Speaker 1: those vultage is over wires for, miles hundreds of miles,

258
00:13:15,280 --> 00:13:17,960
Speaker 1: really and then you use something called a transformer to

259
00:13:17,960 --> 00:13:21,439
Speaker 1: step that power down to something. Useful but those transmission,

260
00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:24,040
Speaker 1: lines the one you see all over the country, now

261
00:13:24,280 --> 00:13:27,000
Speaker 1: like the transmission line is the key. Here they run

262
00:13:27,040 --> 00:13:31,719
Speaker 1: an alternating. Current they can go for amazing, distances and

263
00:13:32,320 --> 00:13:34,880
Speaker 1: so then you have this trade, off right like, like, well,

264
00:13:34,960 --> 00:13:40,480
Speaker 1: okay high, power high, voltage really, dangerous THAT'S. Ac but

265
00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:43,720
Speaker 1: it goes a long, way or you could go a

266
00:13:43,760 --> 00:13:48,120
Speaker 1: shorter distance at a lower. Voltage it's much. Safer And Thomas,

267
00:13:48,240 --> 00:13:50,360
Speaker 1: EDISON i don't, know maybe because he's a good, guy

268
00:13:50,440 --> 00:13:53,720
Speaker 1: or maybe because he just thinks he can build millions

269
00:13:53,720 --> 00:13:57,199
Speaker 1: of power, stations you, know local power. Stations Thinks i'm

270
00:13:57,240 --> 00:14:01,160
Speaker 1: gonna go WITH. Dc it is the safe and reasonable

271
00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:03,640
Speaker 1: thing to do. Here not everybody makes that choice.

272
00:14:03,640 --> 00:14:07,480
Speaker 2: Though right In europe in, particular they start experimenting WITH

273
00:14:07,520 --> 00:14:11,440
Speaker 2: ac systems pretty. Early and this industrialist in THE us

274
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Speaker 2: Named Jorge Orge westinghouse sees. This, right he reads the,

275
00:14:15,200 --> 00:14:19,080
Speaker 2: journals he keeps up with, technology And westinghouse is going

276
00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:22,840
Speaker 2: to become the acy guy In. America and Westing house is.

277
00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:24,440
Speaker 2: INTERESTING i didn't really know about him before.

278
00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:27,480
Speaker 1: This had his name on appliances on a famous science. Prize,

279
00:14:27,560 --> 00:14:28,360
Speaker 1: yes that's That.

280
00:14:28,480 --> 00:14:30,720
Speaker 2: Westinghouse so he was, like he's kind of like a

281
00:14:30,760 --> 00:14:34,359
Speaker 2: second tier, industrialist, Right like he's not like A vanderbilt

282
00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:36,240
Speaker 2: or A. Carnegie but he was a big. Deal then

283
00:14:36,400 --> 00:14:38,960
Speaker 2: invented an air brake for trains that was his first.

284
00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:42,400
Speaker 2: Thing has a company In, pittsburgh and like seems, like

285
00:14:42,840 --> 00:14:44,880
Speaker 2: at least as far as sort of robber barons, go

286
00:14:44,920 --> 00:14:47,960
Speaker 2: seems like a decent guy and gave Workers saturday afternoons

287
00:14:47,960 --> 00:14:49,960
Speaker 2: off as well As sunday and a nine hour, day

288
00:14:49,960 --> 00:14:52,880
Speaker 2: which at the time was like pretty. Good he hired

289
00:14:52,920 --> 00:14:55,040
Speaker 2: women as engineers when basically nobody else.

290
00:14:55,040 --> 00:14:58,160
Speaker 1: Did and so in eighteen.

291
00:14:57,800 --> 00:15:01,960
Speaker 2: Eighty, five which is three years After edison turned on

292
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:05,760
Speaker 2: the power In, Manhattan westinghouse buys THE us rights to

293
00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:09,160
Speaker 2: THIS ac system that they've been working on In, europe.

294
00:15:08,920 --> 00:15:11,920
Speaker 1: And he knows what is now sort of this fundamental canon,

295
00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:14,920
Speaker 1: business which is just because you're first doesn't mean you're

296
00:15:14,920 --> 00:15:18,120
Speaker 1: going to. Win like you see the power That edison

297
00:15:18,120 --> 00:15:20,480
Speaker 1: had and you're, like, WELL i think there's a better.

298
00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:23,520
Speaker 1: System they can Beat. Edison now That edison is sort

299
00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:26,120
Speaker 1: of demonstrated that a grid is, possible let me show

300
00:15:26,120 --> 00:15:28,560
Speaker 1: you what a giant grid would look. Like, yeah SO

301
00:15:28,760 --> 00:15:30,800
Speaker 1: ac has this advantage giant.

302
00:15:30,800 --> 00:15:35,640
Speaker 2: Grid it does still have one disadvantage That westinghouse is

303
00:15:35,640 --> 00:15:40,800
Speaker 2: acutely aware, of and that is. Motors, Right like we

304
00:15:40,840 --> 00:15:42,600
Speaker 2: start with the light. Bulb but as we were saying

305
00:15:42,640 --> 00:15:45,440
Speaker 2: at the, beginning like electricity is going to be this

306
00:15:45,640 --> 00:15:48,320
Speaker 2: transformative what's the Word i'm looking, For.

307
00:15:48,280 --> 00:15:51,040
Speaker 1: Like you MEAN gpt general purpose TECHNOLOGY.

308
00:15:51,200 --> 00:15:55,120
Speaker 2: Q electricity is going to be this general purpose technology like, Computers,

309
00:15:55,160 --> 00:15:57,200
Speaker 2: right it's going to be this thing that changes, everything

310
00:15:57,200 --> 00:15:59,480
Speaker 2: and people are starting to realize, that and in particular

311
00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:03,160
Speaker 2: they're realizing that electric motors are going to be a

312
00:16:03,280 --> 00:16:07,080
Speaker 2: huge deal for. Industry you, know the steam engine at

313
00:16:07,080 --> 00:16:09,120
Speaker 2: this point is like one hundred years old or, so the,

314
00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:12,440
Speaker 2: useful widely applied steam, engine, right it was the driver

315
00:16:12,520 --> 00:16:15,520
Speaker 2: of the industrial revolution that allowed people to make better,

316
00:16:15,560 --> 00:16:19,640
Speaker 2: factories more widely distributed at powered trains and. Boats and

317
00:16:19,720 --> 00:16:22,320
Speaker 2: so now you, see, oh the motor's going to be even.

318
00:16:22,440 --> 00:16:25,480
Speaker 2: Better the electric motor is smaller than a steam, engine

319
00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:27,760
Speaker 2: it's more, efficient you can put it around the factory

320
00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:31,600
Speaker 2: wherever you need. It but at this point in the eighteen,

321
00:16:31,680 --> 00:16:35,160
Speaker 2: eighties there ARE dc, motors but there are no sort

322
00:16:35,200 --> 00:16:41,440
Speaker 2: of practical EFFICIENT ac. Motors And westinghouse KNOWS ac is

323
00:16:41,480 --> 00:16:45,680
Speaker 2: not going to BEAT dc without a. Motor fortunately For,

324
00:16:45,720 --> 00:16:50,920
Speaker 2: westinghouse he's about to meet one of the great electrical

325
00:16:51,160 --> 00:16:52,360
Speaker 2: geniuses of the.

326
00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:54,440
Speaker 1: Age really of any. Age you're going to save it

327
00:16:54,440 --> 00:16:57,680
Speaker 1: till after the, break we should say it, Now Nikola,

328
00:16:57,720 --> 00:17:00,320
Speaker 1: tesla man who went to work For edison and then

329
00:17:00,400 --> 00:17:01,960
Speaker 1: quit after the.

330
00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:30,199
Speaker 4: Break Robert, Smith let's tell me About Nikola.

331
00:17:30,200 --> 00:17:37,400
Speaker 1: Tesla Nikola tesla beloved by nerds, everywhere classic serbian. Weirdo

332
00:17:37,680 --> 00:17:41,399
Speaker 1: such a weird, guy, poet, genius and he comes into this.

333
00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:45,399
Speaker 1: Story you have the little Frumpy Thomas. Edison you, know

334
00:17:45,400 --> 00:17:47,880
Speaker 1: he loved to dress in country where you, know lived

335
00:17:47,880 --> 00:17:51,159
Speaker 1: out there In farmville In New. Jersey you, know just

336
00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:55,000
Speaker 1: a Classic american good. Guy and into this picture good

337
00:17:55,320 --> 00:18:00,080
Speaker 1: Comes Nikola, tesla six foot, two gray blue, eyes beautiful,

338
00:18:00,160 --> 00:18:05,199
Speaker 1: mustache and he had these weird personality. Traits for, instance

339
00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:08,560
Speaker 1: he loved the number. Three he felt like the number

340
00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:11,600
Speaker 1: three was mystical in some, way so before he'd go

341
00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:15,160
Speaker 1: into a, building he'd have to walk around it three. Times.

342
00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:19,200
Speaker 1: Okay so he fell in love with electricity as a.

343
00:18:19,240 --> 00:18:21,479
Speaker 1: Toddler so the story goes when he was petting his

344
00:18:21,520 --> 00:18:24,160
Speaker 1: cat in the evening and he saw these bright sparks

345
00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:28,040
Speaker 1: going between his hand and the cat right and his mom, says,

346
00:18:28,080 --> 00:18:30,960
Speaker 1: hey stop playing with the, cat you'll start a. Fire

347
00:18:31,240 --> 00:18:37,679
Speaker 1: And tesla, thinks electricity fire is nature a giant cat

348
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:41,320
Speaker 1: and if, so who strokes its, back it can only Be.

349
00:18:41,520 --> 00:18:45,600
Speaker 1: GOD i love him so. Much so he grows up

350
00:18:45,640 --> 00:18:48,159
Speaker 1: studies electricity In budapest and one day he's walking in

351
00:18:48,160 --> 00:18:50,880
Speaker 1: the park with a, friend and he has this inspiration

352
00:18:51,240 --> 00:18:53,399
Speaker 1: and he picks up a, stick and in the dirt

353
00:18:53,640 --> 00:18:58,000
Speaker 1: he draws the solution to the big, problem AN ac,

354
00:18:58,200 --> 00:19:02,720
Speaker 1: motor a, beautiful EFFICIENT ac, motor like a True eureka,

355
00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:05,960
Speaker 1: Moment And tesla says to his, friend no more will

356
00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:09,160
Speaker 1: men be slaves to hard. Tasks my motor will set them,

357
00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:11,000
Speaker 1: free will do the work of the.

358
00:19:11,040 --> 00:19:13,639
Speaker 2: World it's one of those lines that if it was somebody,

359
00:19:13,640 --> 00:19:15,840
Speaker 2: ELSE i wouldn't believe that the guy said. It BUT

360
00:19:15,880 --> 00:19:18,080
Speaker 2: i feel Like tesla is totally the guy who says.

361
00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:21,560
Speaker 1: THAT i think he speaks in complete cryptic poetic.

362
00:19:21,640 --> 00:19:24,439
Speaker 2: SENTENCES i bet he said that all the time about his.

363
00:19:24,520 --> 00:19:26,760
Speaker 1: Inventions, yeah it just happens to be the one that's,

364
00:19:26,760 --> 00:19:29,040
Speaker 1: true right every time you op it's a. Door he, goes,

365
00:19:29,200 --> 00:19:31,879
Speaker 1: now men will no longer be slaves the hard. Tasks

366
00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:35,400
Speaker 1: men will no longer have to open. Doors so he

367
00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:37,480
Speaker 1: makes it to THE us and he does what anyone

368
00:19:37,520 --> 00:19:39,000
Speaker 1: would do in this. Situation he goes to work For.

369
00:19:39,080 --> 00:19:41,800
Speaker 1: Edison he's, Like edison's the, guy, Right But edison is

370
00:19:41,840 --> 00:19:45,320
Speaker 1: not interested In TESLA'S ac motor Because edison has already

371
00:19:45,359 --> 00:19:49,560
Speaker 1: made his mental decision that he is A dc. Man

372
00:19:50,600 --> 00:19:54,080
Speaker 1: So tesla, quits gets a little, funding gets a patent

373
00:19:54,440 --> 00:19:57,720
Speaker 1: on HIS ac, motor and pretty soon who comes knocking

374
00:19:57,760 --> 00:20:02,240
Speaker 1: At tesla's. Door George. Westinghouse So George. Westinghouse remember he's

375
00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:04,960
Speaker 1: seen THE ac In. Europe he thinks that this is

376
00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:07,480
Speaker 1: going to be the. Answer so he Pays tesla seventy

377
00:20:07,520 --> 00:20:11,320
Speaker 1: thousand dollars in cash what enormous amount at the, time,

378
00:20:11,400 --> 00:20:15,800
Speaker 1: right and royalties on every Future tesla. Motor they're already

379
00:20:15,840 --> 00:20:19,800
Speaker 1: calling It tesla. Motor The westinghouse sells And Nikola. Tesla

380
00:20:19,960 --> 00:20:23,280
Speaker 1: you know he carefully saves and invests at seventy thousand

381
00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:26,159
Speaker 1: dollars in. Cash, no he does. Not he is A

382
00:20:26,200 --> 00:20:29,880
Speaker 1: serbian poet. Genius he starts to spend. It. Right he

383
00:20:29,920 --> 00:20:32,760
Speaker 1: moves into The Waldorf, astoria the fanciest hotel In New

384
00:20:32,840 --> 00:20:35,680
Speaker 1: york at the. Time he wears tailored. Suits he eats

385
00:20:35,720 --> 00:20:38,359
Speaker 1: dinner every night At. DELMONICO'S i think it's like precisely

386
00:20:38,359 --> 00:20:42,639
Speaker 1: at eight. Ten why nobody knows he has eighteen napkins

387
00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:45,440
Speaker 1: delivered to. HIM a little bit of a. Germophobe was

388
00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:50,080
Speaker 1: eighteen's divisible by, three and he becomes this, celebrity, right

389
00:20:50,200 --> 00:20:53,920
Speaker 1: people Like Mark twain come to hang out In tesla's

390
00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:57,080
Speaker 1: lab just to watch the electricity, fly the lightning bolts

391
00:20:57,080 --> 00:21:01,200
Speaker 1: across the. Room, meanwhile across The Hudson river In.

392
00:21:01,200 --> 00:21:05,240
Speaker 2: New, jersey Boring, edison our main character come.

393
00:21:05,280 --> 00:21:08,600
Speaker 1: On, okay huge history.

394
00:21:08,359 --> 00:21:14,240
Speaker 2: Of business and, technology and he is seeing his lead.

395
00:21:14,600 --> 00:21:15,080
Speaker 1: Diminish.

396
00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,800
Speaker 2: Right he was first in the world with the, grid

397
00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:22,000
Speaker 2: with HIS dc, grid but Now westinghouse AND Ac power

398
00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:25,520
Speaker 2: are catching. Up and there's this interesting, question, right, like

399
00:21:27,119 --> 00:21:29,880
Speaker 2: Is edison only TEAM dc because that's what his patents,

400
00:21:29,880 --> 00:21:31,600
Speaker 2: are you, know, strongest and that's where he.

401
00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:34,560
Speaker 1: Started or does he really believe THAT ac is?

402
00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:37,399
Speaker 2: Dangerous AND i think he really BELIEVED ac is. Dangerous

403
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:39,480
Speaker 2: now maybe it's motivated, reasoning, Right, no.

404
00:21:39,440 --> 00:21:43,399
Speaker 1: BUT i THINK i think because he sees farther than most.

405
00:21:43,440 --> 00:21:47,200
Speaker 1: PEOPLE i think that what he saw was these wires

406
00:21:47,240 --> 00:21:50,479
Speaker 1: will go into every, home every, business under every. Street

407
00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:52,840
Speaker 1: it will be on every street, corner. Huh and so

408
00:21:52,920 --> 00:21:57,040
Speaker 1: he could probably see that, like this will be the

409
00:21:57,119 --> 00:22:00,159
Speaker 1: technology that people will directly interact, with and why not

410
00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:00,480
Speaker 1: make it?

411
00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:02,679
Speaker 2: Safe and it is the case around this time that

412
00:22:02,680 --> 00:22:05,360
Speaker 2: there are these instances, where, like you, know a kid

413
00:22:05,359 --> 00:22:08,520
Speaker 2: will accidentally touch a down TO ac wire and die

414
00:22:08,680 --> 00:22:13,120
Speaker 2: like that happens, routinely and in, fact a given, VOLTAGE

415
00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:17,040
Speaker 2: ac is more dangerous THAN dc in part kind of

416
00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:20,480
Speaker 2: amazingly because the nature OF ac and the human body

417
00:22:20,560 --> 00:22:23,120
Speaker 2: is such that if you, accidentally like grab AN ac,

418
00:22:23,320 --> 00:22:26,760
Speaker 2: wire something about the alternating current can like freeze your

419
00:22:26,880 --> 00:22:29,359
Speaker 2: muscles so that you cannot let go and you just

420
00:22:29,440 --> 00:22:34,240
Speaker 2: hold it until you. Die So edison feels like he

421
00:22:34,280 --> 00:22:39,119
Speaker 2: needs to tell the world about the dangers of alternating,

422
00:22:39,160 --> 00:22:43,159
Speaker 2: current and he starts to attack not JUST ac But.

423
00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:46,760
Speaker 2: Westinghouse it starts In february of eighteen eighty. Eight he

424
00:22:46,800 --> 00:22:49,760
Speaker 2: publishes a booklet first.

425
00:22:49,600 --> 00:22:50,560
Speaker 1: Shot in The war of The.

426
00:22:50,560 --> 00:22:54,320
Speaker 2: Currents the booklet is CALLED A warning from The Edison

427
00:22:54,359 --> 00:22:55,879
Speaker 2: Electric Light, company.

428
00:22:55,680 --> 00:22:56,399
Speaker 1: Eighty eight pages.

429
00:22:56,440 --> 00:22:59,480
Speaker 2: Long eighty eight page is long a, novella let's, say

430
00:22:59,840 --> 00:23:02,199
Speaker 2: and it lays out all the REASONS ac is, bad like,

431
00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:05,000
Speaker 2: yes the, danger but Also edison says he owns all

432
00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:07,439
Speaker 2: the relevant patents and so look, Out i'm gonna shut you.

433
00:23:07,480 --> 00:23:12,240
Speaker 2: Down and also he points out that Still westinghouse hasn't

434
00:23:12,280 --> 00:23:15,399
Speaker 2: figured out how to reliably produce AN ac, motor like

435
00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:18,560
Speaker 2: he's you, know working on Producing tesla's. Idea but it's

436
00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:18,959
Speaker 2: still in.

437
00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:22,200
Speaker 1: Progress but the booklet is just the. Beginning and Imagine,

438
00:23:22,280 --> 00:23:25,040
Speaker 1: edison you, know he sees the. Dangers he fears that

439
00:23:25,119 --> 00:23:29,960
Speaker 1: he is, losing and so he starts TO i would,

440
00:23:29,960 --> 00:23:33,240
Speaker 1: say go too, far. Right he secretly sponsors a guy

441
00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:36,639
Speaker 1: who does these public displays that goes to you, know college,

442
00:23:36,680 --> 00:23:40,520
Speaker 1: campuses you, know as a public service announcement about DEADLY ac.

443
00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:43,720
Speaker 1: Power Harold brown is his, Name and he gets up

444
00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:45,919
Speaker 1: on the stage and he reads a paper about the

445
00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:49,600
Speaker 1: virtues OF dc and the dangers OF. Ac but all

446
00:23:49,680 --> 00:23:52,720
Speaker 1: the time he's, reading the audience can see there is

447
00:23:52,760 --> 00:23:56,520
Speaker 1: a dog cowering in a wooden. Crate one time it

448
00:23:56,560 --> 00:24:01,000
Speaker 1: was a seventy six Pound, newfoundland, right so like this

449
00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:05,280
Speaker 1: is why people have. Gathered at one, Point brown turns

450
00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:07,840
Speaker 1: his attention to the. Dog to The, newfoundland he hooks

451
00:24:07,840 --> 00:24:10,560
Speaker 1: wires to its back legs and front, paws and he

452
00:24:10,560 --> 00:24:14,040
Speaker 1: starts delivering jolts OF ace and THEN dc power back and.

453
00:24:14,080 --> 00:24:17,520
Speaker 1: Forth and then Eventually brown administers a deadly jolt OF

454
00:24:17,600 --> 00:24:23,359
Speaker 1: ac and dog, dies proving he says to the crowd

455
00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:26,520
Speaker 1: that you, KNOW ac is more Deadly in, Secret Apparently

456
00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:30,639
Speaker 1: edison Let brown like do experiments on, dogs offering a

457
00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:33,679
Speaker 1: reward for people to bring stray dogs to. Execute you.

458
00:24:33,680 --> 00:24:35,800
Speaker 1: Know it was drawing, crowds but it wasn't quite. Working

459
00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:40,960
Speaker 1: so they start to use ac to electrocute calves horses

460
00:24:41,080 --> 00:24:43,439
Speaker 1: just to show, you, like this is so. Dangerous it

461
00:24:43,480 --> 00:24:45,560
Speaker 1: can take down an animal larger than a.

462
00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:51,119
Speaker 2: Human and then they go from animals to. People what

463
00:24:51,359 --> 00:24:55,080
Speaker 2: happens is the state Of New. York someone in the

464
00:24:55,119 --> 00:24:58,680
Speaker 2: state government Of New york decides that the state needs

465
00:24:58,680 --> 00:25:03,159
Speaker 2: to modernize the way it executes convicted. Criminals they'd been

466
00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:06,800
Speaker 2: using hanging death by, hanging which apparently goes wrong more

467
00:25:06,840 --> 00:25:08,679
Speaker 2: THAN i. Thought it's harder to hang people THAN i.

468
00:25:08,720 --> 00:25:12,280
Speaker 2: Thought and so somebody, thinks, oh, well, electricity that's this,

469
00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:16,119
Speaker 2: new you, know high tech. Thing maybe that will work.

470
00:25:17,119 --> 00:25:20,639
Speaker 2: Better and so somebody writes To, edison you, know the

471
00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:23,800
Speaker 2: wizard Of Mello, park the expert on, electricity and says

472
00:25:23,840 --> 00:25:29,840
Speaker 2: should we use electricity for state? Executions and Initially edison, SAYS.

473
00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:31,000
Speaker 1: I oppose capital.

474
00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:34,080
Speaker 2: Punishment don't bother me about, this let me go andvent.

475
00:25:34,160 --> 00:25:38,560
Speaker 2: Things but then he thinks about it some, more and

476
00:25:39,320 --> 00:25:42,720
Speaker 2: he gets back to, him and he, says, yes electricity could.

477
00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:46,960
Speaker 2: Work oh and by the, way it should definitely be alternating.

478
00:25:47,080 --> 00:25:49,760
Speaker 2: Current and he even writes a letter where he says

479
00:25:50,119 --> 00:25:56,520
Speaker 2: state should buy generators that are quote alternating machines manufactured

480
00:25:56,560 --> 00:26:00,320
Speaker 2: principally in this country By George westinghouse.

481
00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:01,840
Speaker 1: Says it by. NAME i can't believe, it and it

482
00:26:02,720 --> 00:26:04,879
Speaker 1: does make me sad BECAUSE i Know edison is the

483
00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:06,520
Speaker 1: hero of the, story as he is for this whole,

484
00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:11,040
Speaker 1: series and generally so far we've seen him make i would,

485
00:26:11,040 --> 00:26:14,359
Speaker 1: say pretty moral decisions about his, technology, Right AND i

486
00:26:14,359 --> 00:26:18,440
Speaker 1: mean that's his whole, vibe LIKE i am bringing magic

487
00:26:18,520 --> 00:26:22,040
Speaker 1: to the world to make every one better. Off and

488
00:26:22,080 --> 00:26:25,520
Speaker 1: this is one of those instances where maybe he's talked

489
00:26:25,560 --> 00:26:27,800
Speaker 1: himself into it that this is the right thing to.

490
00:26:27,880 --> 00:26:31,320
Speaker 1: Do maybe he thinks THAT i can't bully my way

491
00:26:31,359 --> 00:26:34,359
Speaker 1: out of this with lawyers and. Patents but this is

492
00:26:34,400 --> 00:26:37,760
Speaker 1: the first Time i've seen him really go after a

493
00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:39,719
Speaker 1: competitor in a way that is.

494
00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:45,359
Speaker 2: Vicious it's, bad, Right it's. Bad New york Takes edison's.

495
00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:48,200
Speaker 2: Advice of, Course westinghouse isn't going to sell The state

496
00:26:48,200 --> 00:26:51,640
Speaker 2: Of New york, generators but they actually buy Used westinghouse,

497
00:26:51,680 --> 00:26:55,080
Speaker 2: generators and they build a few electric, chairs the first electric.

498
00:26:55,160 --> 00:27:00,520
Speaker 2: Chairs and On march twenty ninth of eighteen eighty, nine

499
00:27:01,119 --> 00:27:04,639
Speaker 2: a man Named William, kemmler Who The New York times

500
00:27:04,680 --> 00:27:09,000
Speaker 2: calls an alcoholic vegetable peddler in the slums Of. Buffalo

501
00:27:09,240 --> 00:27:13,520
Speaker 2: he wakes up from a drinking, binge starts arguing with his,

502
00:27:13,520 --> 00:27:18,600
Speaker 2: Girlfriend Matilda, ziggler accuses her of cheating on, him and,

503
00:27:18,640 --> 00:27:21,359
Speaker 2: then according to The, times when the argument reached a,

504
00:27:21,440 --> 00:27:25,240
Speaker 2: Peak kemler calmly went to the, barn grabbed a hatchet

505
00:27:25,280 --> 00:27:29,400
Speaker 2: and returned to the house and he Killed Matilda giggler

506
00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:31,919
Speaker 2: with the. Hatchet it's pretty.

507
00:27:31,640 --> 00:27:33,159
Speaker 1: Clear he did. It he says he did.

508
00:27:33,240 --> 00:27:35,720
Speaker 2: It there's a lot of evidence that he did, it

509
00:27:36,160 --> 00:27:40,680
Speaker 2: and he's convicted and he's sentenced to, death and he's

510
00:27:40,960 --> 00:27:44,840
Speaker 2: on his way to being the first person ever executed

511
00:27:44,840 --> 00:27:48,280
Speaker 2: by the state with. Electricity in, fact somebody invents the

512
00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:52,119
Speaker 2: word electrocution right around this. Time but of Course westinghouse

513
00:27:52,160 --> 00:27:54,240
Speaker 2: doesn't want this to. Happen he doesn't want his machines

514
00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:56,960
Speaker 2: killing a man in this very public, way and So

515
00:27:57,040 --> 00:28:01,360
Speaker 2: westinghouse hires a. Lawyer this really famous lawyer to Defend

516
00:28:01,600 --> 00:28:05,040
Speaker 2: kemler to argue in particular that killing someone in the

517
00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:09,840
Speaker 2: electric chair is cruel and unusual. Punishment by the, way

518
00:28:09,880 --> 00:28:12,800
Speaker 2: the electric chair was actually invented by a by A

519
00:28:12,880 --> 00:28:15,639
Speaker 2: New york dentist who happened to be a, quicker and

520
00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:19,399
Speaker 2: he had seen someone accidentally touch a generator and be instantly,

521
00:28:19,600 --> 00:28:22,680
Speaker 2: killed and he, thought, oh this would be a more

522
00:28:22,760 --> 00:28:27,080
Speaker 2: humane alternative to. Hanging so, anyway On july twenty, third

523
00:28:27,160 --> 00:28:31,280
Speaker 2: eighteen eighty, Nine edison is called to testify in this

524
00:28:31,440 --> 00:28:35,080
Speaker 2: case over whether killing someone in an electric chair is

525
00:28:35,119 --> 00:28:40,160
Speaker 2: cruel and unusual. Punishment, edison AS i mentioned in the previous,

526
00:28:40,200 --> 00:28:43,120
Speaker 2: episode is largely. Deaf he goes into testify and the

527
00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:45,840
Speaker 2: lawyer basically has to like yell Into edison's good year

528
00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:48,160
Speaker 2: So edison can hear the. Question The New York times

529
00:28:48,160 --> 00:28:50,080
Speaker 2: said you could hear it from the, street though maybe

530
00:28:50,080 --> 00:28:50,680
Speaker 2: that's poetic.

531
00:28:50,720 --> 00:28:53,880
Speaker 1: License here we have the transcript. Here the lawyer, SAYS

532
00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:56,880
Speaker 1: i went to the yelling. Part do you believe that

533
00:28:56,960 --> 00:29:00,280
Speaker 1: an artificial current can be produced which will cause death

534
00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:06,160
Speaker 1: instantly and painlessly when scientifically? Applied And edison, says that

535
00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:10,280
Speaker 1: is my firm belief his. Exchange his testimony runs in

536
00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:14,080
Speaker 1: The New York, times the headline testimony of The, wizard

537
00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:17,720
Speaker 1: and then the subhead, says he is positive that an

538
00:29:17,800 --> 00:29:20,480
Speaker 1: alternating current of one thousand volts would surely kill a.

539
00:29:20,520 --> 00:29:23,280
Speaker 1: Man can't buy that kind of. Publicity you Anti.

540
00:29:23,720 --> 00:29:25,440
Speaker 2: Edison tried to buy, it but in this case they

541
00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:28,160
Speaker 2: didn't have to buy. It and in, Fact kemler loses the.

542
00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:31,720
Speaker 2: Case the judge says the state can execute him in

543
00:29:31,800 --> 00:29:32,240
Speaker 2: the electric.

544
00:29:32,320 --> 00:29:35,320
Speaker 1: Chair and so the day.

545
00:29:35,360 --> 00:29:40,760
Speaker 2: Comes It's august, sixth eighteen. Ninety kemler gets woken up

546
00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:44,120
Speaker 2: at five, am puts on a suit as a black

547
00:29:44,160 --> 00:29:47,520
Speaker 2: and white check bow. Tie they shave part of his

548
00:29:47,640 --> 00:29:50,520
Speaker 2: head so that they can put an electrode, there you,

549
00:29:50,560 --> 00:29:52,560
Speaker 2: know to make contact with the. Skin at the last,

550
00:29:52,640 --> 00:29:54,840
Speaker 2: minute actually the worden has to cut Through kemmler's like

551
00:29:54,880 --> 00:29:57,760
Speaker 2: shirt tail so that their electrode can make contact with his.

552
00:29:57,880 --> 00:30:03,000
Speaker 2: Back And kemler seems. Collected the warden seems. Nervous, actually

553
00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:05,680
Speaker 2: the warden seems kind of, shaky But kemler's. Collected kemler

554
00:30:05,720 --> 00:30:08,400
Speaker 2: actually says to the, warden take your, time do it,

555
00:30:08,480 --> 00:30:13,880
Speaker 2: right and the warden attaches the electrodes Straps kemler's arms

556
00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:17,520
Speaker 2: to the. Chair he actually puts this sort of leather

557
00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:21,320
Speaker 2: mask On kemler's face that straps his head back into the.

558
00:30:21,400 --> 00:30:26,880
Speaker 2: Chair and then the warden says Goodbye, william which is the.

559
00:30:26,920 --> 00:30:29,280
Speaker 2: Signal it's the signal for someone to turn on the

560
00:30:29,280 --> 00:30:31,000
Speaker 2: power to the, chair and they do. That they turn

561
00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:35,800
Speaker 2: on the. Power kemler's body goes, rigid just like a bronze,

562
00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:39,880
Speaker 2: statue somebody, Said and they leave the power on for seventeen,

563
00:30:39,960 --> 00:30:44,360
Speaker 2: seconds and there's a doctor standing right there monitoring, it

564
00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:47,160
Speaker 2: and he says he's. Dead that's, enough and they turn

565
00:30:47,240 --> 00:30:50,160
Speaker 2: off the power and power goes, off and then they

566
00:30:50,200 --> 00:30:53,600
Speaker 2: look At kemmler and they see that he's still. Breathing

567
00:30:53,760 --> 00:30:58,440
Speaker 2: oh he's not. Dead people start. Screaming someone. Faints so

568
00:30:58,480 --> 00:31:00,880
Speaker 2: they turn on the power, again and this time they

569
00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:03,640
Speaker 2: leave it, on not for seventeen, seconds but for several.

570
00:31:03,840 --> 00:31:07,880
Speaker 2: Minutes it Burns kemler's. Flesh you can smell. It apparently

571
00:31:07,880 --> 00:31:10,520
Speaker 2: in the. Room his clothes catch on fire and somebody

572
00:31:10,520 --> 00:31:14,680
Speaker 2: puts it, out and then finally they turn off the,

573
00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:19,880
Speaker 2: power and this Time kemeler is. Dead and that dentist

574
00:31:19,920 --> 00:31:22,800
Speaker 2: who invented the electric chair. Was in, fact one of

575
00:31:22,840 --> 00:31:25,840
Speaker 2: the witnesses was in the room at the, time and

576
00:31:25,960 --> 00:31:29,560
Speaker 2: after it was, over what he said, was, quote we

577
00:31:29,600 --> 00:31:32,320
Speaker 2: live in a higher civilization from this.

578
00:31:32,520 --> 00:31:36,640
Speaker 1: Day business history will be back in a.

579
00:31:36,680 --> 00:32:01,080
Speaker 2: Moment that is the end of the. Ads and now

580
00:32:01,080 --> 00:32:04,160
Speaker 2: we're going back to the. Show kemmler has been, executed

581
00:32:05,240 --> 00:32:07,960
Speaker 2: and in fact his death is on the front page

582
00:32:07,960 --> 00:32:10,959
Speaker 2: of newspapers around the, country all talking about how horrible it.

583
00:32:11,080 --> 00:32:16,240
Speaker 2: Was but the news doesn't have the effect on public

584
00:32:16,280 --> 00:32:21,800
Speaker 2: opinion That edison frankly hoped it. Would. Right everybody doesn't suddenly, say,

585
00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:25,200
Speaker 2: oh we can't HAVE ac, power it's obviously too. Dangerous

586
00:32:25,800 --> 00:32:28,520
Speaker 2: they basically just, said oh, yeah do not strap me

587
00:32:28,560 --> 00:32:30,640
Speaker 2: into a chair and run a thousand volts OF ac

588
00:32:30,800 --> 00:32:31,400
Speaker 2: power through my.

589
00:32:31,440 --> 00:32:36,200
Speaker 1: Body and you, know in, fact the key audience here.

590
00:32:36,120 --> 00:32:39,200
Speaker 2: Is not the mass, public, right it's the government officials

591
00:32:39,200 --> 00:32:43,120
Speaker 2: who are the ones deciding what kind of of power,

592
00:32:43,120 --> 00:32:44,720
Speaker 2: plant what kind of power system to.

593
00:32:44,760 --> 00:32:47,800
Speaker 1: Buy, yeah and you don't want to have to build

594
00:32:47,800 --> 00:32:51,600
Speaker 1: A dc power plant every six or seven, blocks like you, Think,

595
00:32:51,960 --> 00:32:54,040
Speaker 1: WELL i can just put one big power plants and

596
00:32:54,080 --> 00:32:57,760
Speaker 1: the high power transmission lines out and we'll put safety

597
00:32:57,840 --> 00:33:00,920
Speaker 1: measures in. Effect so it kind of makes sense that

598
00:33:01,040 --> 00:33:02,800
Speaker 1: if you're thinking of it that, way you are going

599
00:33:02,840 --> 00:33:03,760
Speaker 1: to go with the more efficient.

600
00:33:03,760 --> 00:33:08,600
Speaker 2: Option and the last big moment in the, fight how

601
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:13,960
Speaker 2: is It Niagara? Falls, actually by, way how many a's

602
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:15,080
Speaker 2: are there At? Niagara?

603
00:33:15,680 --> 00:33:19,720
Speaker 1: Three? Two It's? Niagara, OKAY i didn't.

604
00:33:19,760 --> 00:33:21,840
Speaker 2: KNOW i kept spelling it, wrong AND i get the

605
00:33:21,880 --> 00:33:25,960
Speaker 2: little line In google docs It's. Niagara so the final

606
00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:28,720
Speaker 2: moment in the in The war of the, currents it

607
00:33:28,800 --> 00:33:31,760
Speaker 2: happens At Niagra. Falls because you, know they're like these

608
00:33:31,840 --> 00:33:35,120
Speaker 2: businessmen and bankers looking at this beautiful falls and, thinking

609
00:33:36,160 --> 00:33:40,360
Speaker 2: look at all that kinetic. Energy we could definitely spend some. Turbises, yeah,

610
00:33:40,440 --> 00:33:43,240
Speaker 2: Right so they decide they're going to build what is by,

611
00:33:43,360 --> 00:33:45,760
Speaker 2: far by, far the biggest power plant in the. World

612
00:33:46,320 --> 00:33:48,800
Speaker 2: and so when they're making the, decision LIKE dc is

613
00:33:48,800 --> 00:33:52,680
Speaker 2: still a, Possibility, Actually Lord telvin Of absolute Zero phase,

614
00:33:52,760 --> 00:33:53,200
Speaker 2: says go.

615
00:33:53,200 --> 00:33:55,080
Speaker 1: WITH, dc but they go WITH.

616
00:33:55,160 --> 00:33:58,680
Speaker 2: A see they Use westinghouse, generators and it is really

617
00:33:58,720 --> 00:34:02,360
Speaker 2: striking what happens. There as soon as this is. Happening

618
00:34:02,440 --> 00:34:06,640
Speaker 2: as this is, happening big power intensive companies see that

619
00:34:06,680 --> 00:34:11,000
Speaker 2: it's happening and start moving their operations to be next

620
00:34:11,000 --> 00:34:14,080
Speaker 2: To Niagara, falls essentially like a striking one is The

621
00:34:14,440 --> 00:34:19,359
Speaker 2: Aluminum company Of america Al CoA Akal CoA takes a

622
00:34:19,359 --> 00:34:22,600
Speaker 2: ton of electricity right, still right, still where aluminum plants

623
00:34:22,640 --> 00:34:25,000
Speaker 2: are around the world is where there is cheap electric,

624
00:34:25,040 --> 00:34:28,799
Speaker 2: power because that is the big expensive, input, right and

625
00:34:28,880 --> 00:34:33,640
Speaker 2: so cheap abundant power From Niagara falls and places like

626
00:34:33,640 --> 00:34:37,480
Speaker 2: it is truly what allows, aluminum for, example to become

627
00:34:37,560 --> 00:34:42,800
Speaker 2: this cheap, abundant essential twentieth century. Material you, know soda,

628
00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:48,120
Speaker 2: cans aluminum, siding, airplanes right this you need cheap electricity

629
00:34:48,200 --> 00:34:51,040
Speaker 2: to get. This and like go back to the beginning

630
00:34:51,080 --> 00:34:52,839
Speaker 2: of the, show right WHEN i was SAYING i don't

631
00:34:52,880 --> 00:34:54,640
Speaker 2: care about the light, BULB i care about the. Grid

632
00:34:55,440 --> 00:34:58,920
Speaker 2: this is What i'm talking, about, Right like what matters

633
00:34:59,080 --> 00:35:03,600
Speaker 2: is the. Grid what matters is, cheap, reliable abundant electric.

634
00:35:03,680 --> 00:35:06,360
Speaker 2: Power this is the Second Industrial. Revolution this is the

635
00:35:06,440 --> 00:35:11,440
Speaker 2: great transformation that creates the twentieth. Century and, like go even, bigger,

636
00:35:11,560 --> 00:35:18,680
Speaker 2: Right like human material progress for all time foundationally rests

637
00:35:18,840 --> 00:35:21,319
Speaker 2: on harnessing. Energy like you can go all the way

638
00:35:21,360 --> 00:35:24,480
Speaker 2: back to, fire the first big, one, right and then

639
00:35:24,520 --> 00:35:27,200
Speaker 2: you can go to The Industrial, revolution, right basically coal

640
00:35:27,239 --> 00:35:29,880
Speaker 2: and the steam engine are the bedrock of. It and

641
00:35:29,920 --> 00:35:34,680
Speaker 2: then now you have, electricity this next huge step function

642
00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:37,040
Speaker 2: in human material well.

643
00:35:37,080 --> 00:35:40,520
Speaker 1: Being and you can see because of the aluminum, plant

644
00:35:40,960 --> 00:35:45,680
Speaker 1: how cheap electricity makes aluminum, cheaper which makes cans cheaper

645
00:35:45,760 --> 00:35:48,359
Speaker 1: and eventually airplanes cheaper and all the things you build

646
00:35:48,360 --> 00:35:53,640
Speaker 1: out of. Aluminum you can see that fundamental efficiency travel

647
00:35:53,719 --> 00:35:55,040
Speaker 1: through the entire industrial.

648
00:35:55,120 --> 00:35:59,080
Speaker 2: System yes, everything, right all factories are going to switch

649
00:35:59,560 --> 00:36:03,160
Speaker 2: from steam power to electricity because it's. Better and it takes,

650
00:36:03,280 --> 00:36:06,280
Speaker 2: decades you see, it like well into the twentieth, century

651
00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:09,239
Speaker 2: you're still seeing productivity.

652
00:36:08,520 --> 00:36:10,239
Speaker 1: Gains that are the result of.

653
00:36:10,280 --> 00:36:14,480
Speaker 2: Electricity and now so we Have, edison, right this is

654
00:36:14,480 --> 00:36:18,120
Speaker 2: a story About, edison and he plays a super interesting

655
00:36:18,200 --> 00:36:19,960
Speaker 2: role in this, story, Right, like on the one, hand

656
00:36:20,200 --> 00:36:23,800
Speaker 2: he is the guy for, electricity builds the first real,

657
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:27,040
Speaker 2: grid makes the, breakthrough makes it happen, fast and gets the.

658
00:36:27,080 --> 00:36:32,880
Speaker 2: Money but also right after that he bets wrong in

659
00:36:33,560 --> 00:36:37,000
Speaker 2: what like, frankly at least in, retrospect seems like a

660
00:36:37,040 --> 00:36:40,200
Speaker 2: pretty obvious, mistake Right, like he bets ON dc when

661
00:36:40,239 --> 00:36:43,239
Speaker 2: ac it seems clearly like it was the better.

662
00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:45,560
Speaker 1: Pick it's interesting one of the THINGS i love about

663
00:36:45,600 --> 00:36:48,719
Speaker 1: business history is that there's so much logic and numbers

664
00:36:48,760 --> 00:36:51,120
Speaker 1: in the whole, Thing but then there's always a moment

665
00:36:51,160 --> 00:36:55,839
Speaker 1: where ego steps, in AND i do think there, Is

666
00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:58,800
Speaker 1: like this is a man who has not fubbled the

667
00:36:58,840 --> 00:37:03,120
Speaker 1: ball for most of his, career mistakes the. Phonograph, yeah

668
00:37:03,239 --> 00:37:07,080
Speaker 1: but like he's like he's, famous you, know the most,

669
00:37:07,080 --> 00:37:10,160
Speaker 1: famous the most, famous and he's getting used to using

670
00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:13,920
Speaker 1: that fame to get exactly what he, wants and he

671
00:37:14,120 --> 00:37:18,880
Speaker 1: just steps one step too. Far, Yeah like he's too, attached,

672
00:37:18,960 --> 00:37:21,400
Speaker 1: Right like he was too in love with his original.

673
00:37:21,440 --> 00:37:24,440
Speaker 2: Idea and it is, Amazing Like edison was just so

674
00:37:24,600 --> 00:37:28,320
Speaker 2: focused ON dc Literally tesla was working for. Him tesla

675
00:37:28,360 --> 00:37:31,919
Speaker 2: had the idea for THE ac, motor like it was right,

676
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:35,840
Speaker 2: there But edison couldn't let go of his original. Idea

677
00:37:35,840 --> 00:37:38,640
Speaker 2: and this is like a classic business. STORY i couldn't

678
00:37:38,640 --> 00:37:41,560
Speaker 2: think of a like of a perfect. ANALOGY i, mean

679
00:37:41,640 --> 00:37:44,640
Speaker 2: like kind of Like sony With Beta, max which came BEFORE,

680
00:37:44,760 --> 00:37:47,640
Speaker 2: vhs but not. EXACTLY i mean one that's really, fun

681
00:37:47,680 --> 00:37:50,319
Speaker 2: if not exactly the, same but THAT i, like did

682
00:37:50,360 --> 00:37:53,960
Speaker 2: you know that in the year two, Thousand Blockbuster video

683
00:37:54,040 --> 00:37:58,040
Speaker 2: had the chance to Buy netflix for fifty million.

684
00:37:58,080 --> 00:38:01,840
Speaker 1: Dollars, oh could have SENT vhs tapes to the.

685
00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:04,920
Speaker 2: Mail, yeah, right so right at that, Time netflix was

686
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:09,040
Speaker 2: DVDs by mail And blockbuster was, like that's some, weirdo

687
00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:13,080
Speaker 2: niche business for. Cinephiles you've got thousand video, stores we

688
00:38:13,160 --> 00:38:14,120
Speaker 2: make all this money on late.

689
00:38:14,160 --> 00:38:15,440
Speaker 1: Fees we're not gonna do.

690
00:38:15,480 --> 00:38:18,359
Speaker 2: It and it's easy to mock in retrospect when people

691
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:21,080
Speaker 2: make these kind of. Mistakes but, like if You're, edison

692
00:38:21,120 --> 00:38:24,560
Speaker 2: to go back To edison, right in a, Way edison

693
00:38:25,400 --> 00:38:27,719
Speaker 2: maybe had to be so attached to his, idea, Right,

694
00:38:27,800 --> 00:38:29,920
Speaker 2: like think of what he's deciding to, do, right he's,

695
00:38:29,960 --> 00:38:33,040
Speaker 2: thinking not only AM i gonna perfect the light bulb

696
00:38:33,120 --> 00:38:34,680
Speaker 2: in a world where people have been working on it

697
00:38:34,719 --> 00:38:37,719
Speaker 2: for decades and haven't done, It i'm gonna build the

698
00:38:37,719 --> 00:38:40,400
Speaker 2: world's first grid when that doesn't. Exist i'm gonna dig

699
00:38:40,480 --> 00:38:41,960
Speaker 2: Up manhattan And i'm gonna do it in four.

700
00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:42,280
Speaker 1: Years.

701
00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:45,680
Speaker 2: Right so maybe to be that audacious you have to

702
00:38:45,719 --> 00:38:50,200
Speaker 2: be so full of confidence that you don't have any.

703
00:38:50,239 --> 00:38:53,040
Speaker 2: Doubt you know that you stick to beliefs even when you're.

704
00:38:53,080 --> 00:38:55,520
Speaker 1: Wrong when you have an invention and you're out there

705
00:38:55,680 --> 00:38:59,160
Speaker 1: competing on what's the best. Invention that's one. Thing but

706
00:38:59,200 --> 00:39:01,719
Speaker 1: when you're in one of these standards wars where you

707
00:39:01,800 --> 00:39:06,319
Speaker 1: realize there will only be one. Winner And edison was

708
00:39:06,320 --> 00:39:09,120
Speaker 1: probably familiar with, this you, know on the, railroad like

709
00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:11,880
Speaker 1: there has to be a certain width of the railroad, gauge,

710
00:39:12,480 --> 00:39:15,719
Speaker 1: right and like someone's going to win because it only

711
00:39:15,719 --> 00:39:18,960
Speaker 1: makes sense to have one. Winner and so you, know

712
00:39:19,120 --> 00:39:22,080
Speaker 1: we can debate his, reasons but it is logical to,

713
00:39:22,200 --> 00:39:28,600
Speaker 1: say if my confidence can make my standard, win Then

714
00:39:28,680 --> 00:39:31,880
Speaker 1: i'm going to show no doubt, whatsoever even when the

715
00:39:31,920 --> 00:39:32,719
Speaker 1: evidence is to the.

716
00:39:32,760 --> 00:39:35,319
Speaker 2: Contrary i'm going to be the winner who takes. All

717
00:39:36,239 --> 00:39:39,360
Speaker 2: so he didn't, win of, Course and in, fact even

718
00:39:39,440 --> 00:39:45,640
Speaker 2: before that power plant At niagara got, BUILT Jp, morgan you,

719
00:39:45,640 --> 00:39:49,560
Speaker 2: know the original guy who Made edison's power grid dream come.

720
00:39:49,600 --> 00:39:52,600
Speaker 2: TRUE Jp morgan saw saw which way the wind was.

721
00:39:52,640 --> 00:39:55,560
Speaker 2: BLOWING i thing he was good, at, right not a

722
00:39:55,600 --> 00:40:00,480
Speaker 2: man who got emotionally. Attached and he Merged edison's, Company

723
00:40:00,719 --> 00:40:05,200
Speaker 2: Edison General, electric with another company Called Thompson, houston which

724
00:40:05,280 --> 00:40:08,160
Speaker 2: was in THE ac. Business of, Course edison hated the, deal,

725
00:40:08,239 --> 00:40:10,560
Speaker 2: Right he didn't want to be in business with a

726
00:40:10,719 --> 00:40:13,560
Speaker 2: company that was DOING ac but he lost control Of

727
00:40:13,719 --> 00:40:16,960
Speaker 2: Edison General electric by that, point and in, fact after the,

728
00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:21,760
Speaker 2: Merger Edison General electric became known as Just General electric

729
00:40:22,040 --> 00:40:26,040
Speaker 2: GE ge And edison basically walked. Away but the one,

730
00:40:26,080 --> 00:40:28,239
Speaker 2: thing like we're gonna Leave edison, here but the one

731
00:40:28,239 --> 00:40:29,680
Speaker 2: THING i want to, Say and this is kind of

732
00:40:29,719 --> 00:40:32,600
Speaker 2: setting him up for the next time when we'll talk

733
00:40:32,640 --> 00:40:38,960
Speaker 2: About edison's final big. Triumph edison didn't look back like

734
00:40:39,080 --> 00:40:42,000
Speaker 2: he always, thought the next thing is gonna be even,

735
00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:43,759
Speaker 2: bigger and he thought that at this. Point he thought

736
00:40:43,760 --> 00:40:46,879
Speaker 2: that when he walked away From, Electricity and next time

737
00:40:46,920 --> 00:40:50,759
Speaker 2: we'll talk about what Was edison's last big, triumph which

738
00:40:50,920 --> 00:40:55,760
Speaker 2: was the, movies moving, pictures and specifically the Way edison

739
00:40:55,840 --> 00:40:59,840
Speaker 2: came to control the Entire american film industry despite the

740
00:40:59,920 --> 00:41:01,239
Speaker 2: fact that he did not invent the.

741
00:41:01,160 --> 00:41:04,799
Speaker 1: Movie, camera becoming his style right his. Style before we,

742
00:41:04,800 --> 00:41:08,080
Speaker 1: go we should talk about the end Of Nikola tesla's. Story,

743
00:41:08,520 --> 00:41:10,879
Speaker 1: tesla of, course was the man who could have Made

744
00:41:11,040 --> 00:41:13,640
Speaker 1: edison the ac. King we wouldn't be telling the story

745
00:41:13,640 --> 00:41:15,360
Speaker 1: in this. Case we would just be like he's a

746
00:41:15,400 --> 00:41:18,680
Speaker 1: genius all the way. Through edison too stubborn to. Listen

747
00:41:18,840 --> 00:41:21,400
Speaker 1: when we last Left. Tesla he had sold the rights

748
00:41:21,440 --> 00:41:24,359
Speaker 1: to HIS ac motor patent To George, westinghouse and he's

749
00:41:24,400 --> 00:41:27,200
Speaker 1: living the high life At delmonico's with his eighteen, napkins

750
00:41:27,239 --> 00:41:30,240
Speaker 1: hanging out With Mark. Twain and a key turning point

751
00:41:30,640 --> 00:41:33,120
Speaker 1: comes from a few years. Later it's eighteen ninety, one,

752
00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:37,360
Speaker 1: Right George westinghouse is in a little bit of financial.

753
00:41:37,360 --> 00:41:39,720
Speaker 1: Trouble he thinks he can. Win he thinks The tesla

754
00:41:39,760 --> 00:41:42,320
Speaker 1: motor still the, way but you, know cash, flow, right.

755
00:41:42,960 --> 00:41:45,960
Speaker 2: Financial crisis loves are getting called, in so he goes

756
00:41:46,080 --> 00:41:48,440
Speaker 2: to See, westinghouse goes to See tesla In New.

757
00:41:48,520 --> 00:41:51,680
Speaker 1: York and, Remember tesla's supposed to get a royalty on

758
00:41:51,880 --> 00:41:54,920
Speaker 1: every SINGLE ac motor That westinghouse, sells but at this

759
00:41:55,080 --> 00:41:58,960
Speaker 1: point they're still perfecting. It And westinghouse says To, tesla

760
00:42:00,080 --> 00:42:02,520
Speaker 1: will you give up your royalties SO i can keep

761
00:42:02,600 --> 00:42:06,400
Speaker 1: control of my company and keep developing your, motor And,

762
00:42:06,520 --> 00:42:10,520
Speaker 1: tesla according to his, autobiography says To, westinghouse Mister, westinghouse

763
00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:13,319
Speaker 1: you will save your company so that you can develop my.

764
00:42:13,440 --> 00:42:16,920
Speaker 1: Inventions here is your contract and here's my. CONTRACT i

765
00:42:16,960 --> 00:42:18,919
Speaker 1: will tear both of them to, pieces and you will

766
00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:22,400
Speaker 1: no longer have any troubles from my, royalties and he

767
00:42:22,480 --> 00:42:24,600
Speaker 1: tears the contract up again.

768
00:42:24,680 --> 00:42:30,560
Speaker 2: Because It's, TESLA i believe it legend right, right and.

769
00:42:32,400 --> 00:42:38,239
Speaker 1: A huge, mistake a, terrible terrible, mistake Because tesla would

770
00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:40,360
Speaker 1: go on to come up with other. Ideas he was

771
00:42:40,400 --> 00:42:43,799
Speaker 1: apparently working on how to transmit electricity through the, air

772
00:42:44,239 --> 00:42:47,160
Speaker 1: like to basically take the next leap beyond the, grid

773
00:42:47,280 --> 00:42:50,480
Speaker 1: built this giant tower out On Long. Island. Right there

774
00:42:50,520 --> 00:42:54,720
Speaker 1: are stories about like did he, succeed like did it actually?

775
00:42:54,760 --> 00:42:58,719
Speaker 1: Happen but doesn't matter because the money wasn't, there, Right

776
00:42:58,760 --> 00:43:01,760
Speaker 1: none of his projects worked. Out he wasn't making. Money

777
00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:04,360
Speaker 1: he had to move out of The Waldorf astoria and

778
00:43:04,520 --> 00:43:07,720
Speaker 1: into a cheaper. Hotel Hotel New yorker still stands room

779
00:43:07,880 --> 00:43:10,879
Speaker 1: three two two seven not divisible by three et check.

780
00:43:10,880 --> 00:43:13,160
Speaker 2: The last two numbers are that? Count he was he

781
00:43:13,280 --> 00:43:15,120
Speaker 2: was on such hard times that he couldn't even get

782
00:43:15,120 --> 00:43:15,440
Speaker 2: a room to.

783
00:43:15,480 --> 00:43:18,479
Speaker 1: Visit he's, like do you have one two doors? Down

784
00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:21,880
Speaker 1: about one door down the other? Way there's a plaque

785
00:43:22,600 --> 00:43:26,560
Speaker 1: on the hotel room door to this. Day and in,

786
00:43:26,600 --> 00:43:28,560
Speaker 1: fact if you go to the basement of The New Yorker,

787
00:43:28,600 --> 00:43:31,400
Speaker 1: hotel you can see some of the personal effects that

788
00:43:31,480 --> 00:43:32,080
Speaker 1: he left in this.

789
00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:34,239
Speaker 2: Room but you have done, Yes that's WHY i haven't

790
00:43:34,320 --> 00:43:34,759
Speaker 2: done this.

791
00:43:37,080 --> 00:43:39,520
Speaker 1: Now it's just like Nick knacks and pictures of him

792
00:43:39,840 --> 00:43:42,640
Speaker 1: because at the, time like he was still this famous

793
00:43:42,680 --> 00:43:46,680
Speaker 1: genius and even before a certain person would name his

794
00:43:46,719 --> 00:43:50,640
Speaker 1: company after, Him, tesla like there was This tesla. Cult

795
00:43:50,960 --> 00:43:54,080
Speaker 1: and to this day you can go See Tesla corner

796
00:43:54,200 --> 00:43:58,040
Speaker 1: Near Bryant park In. Manhattan you can see where his

797
00:43:58,160 --> 00:44:01,160
Speaker 1: lab was really close to, HERE i think In Midtown.

798
00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:03,239
Speaker 1: Manhattan you can go see his personal effects at The

799
00:44:03,239 --> 00:44:08,520
Speaker 1: New Yorker. Hotel there is still this like vibe of

800
00:44:08,560 --> 00:44:11,600
Speaker 1: this poet genius who could have who maybe could have

801
00:44:11,640 --> 00:44:15,399
Speaker 1: solved this next problem that wasn't. SOLVED i will say

802
00:44:15,440 --> 00:44:20,640
Speaker 1: that the last notable thing In tesla's life is a.

803
00:44:20,680 --> 00:44:23,880
Speaker 1: Pigeon it was a homing pigeon had a band on its,

804
00:44:23,960 --> 00:44:26,200
Speaker 1: leg But tesla had no idea where it came from

805
00:44:26,280 --> 00:44:28,200
Speaker 1: or who had owned. It and it would come to

806
00:44:28,280 --> 00:44:32,080
Speaker 1: visit him in his hotel room high Above manhattan on

807
00:44:32,080 --> 00:44:35,400
Speaker 1: The West, side and So tesla would start to feed

808
00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:38,920
Speaker 1: this pigeon and the bird would come and, go and

809
00:44:39,239 --> 00:44:43,880
Speaker 1: this became the Thing tesla was focused on at the,

810
00:44:44,000 --> 00:44:47,480
Speaker 1: end and, eventually like the, pigeon stopped coming. Back And

811
00:44:47,520 --> 00:44:51,480
Speaker 1: tesla told his, biographer when that pigeon, died something went

812
00:44:51,520 --> 00:44:54,239
Speaker 1: out of my. LIFE i. Know up to that, TIME

813
00:44:54,239 --> 00:44:56,160
Speaker 1: i knew with a certainty THAT i would complete my,

814
00:44:56,200 --> 00:44:59,319
Speaker 1: work no matter how ambitious my. Program but when that

815
00:44:59,440 --> 00:45:01,840
Speaker 1: something went out of my, LIFE i knew my life's

816
00:45:01,880 --> 00:45:06,719
Speaker 1: work was. Finished sad. Man it's a sad end For

817
00:45:06,920 --> 00:45:11,120
Speaker 1: jesus end and he died in nineteen forty, three poor

818
00:45:11,160 --> 00:45:11,400
Speaker 1: but not.

819
00:45:11,480 --> 00:45:14,160
Speaker 2: Forgotten so that's the end of the show. TODAY i

820
00:45:14,200 --> 00:45:19,759
Speaker 2: would recommend this Book empires Of light By Jill, jones two,

821
00:45:19,880 --> 00:45:23,239
Speaker 2: ends which Was it's a great book all about this

822
00:45:23,400 --> 00:45:25,000
Speaker 2: war of the. Currents it was a key source for

823
00:45:25,040 --> 00:45:27,920
Speaker 2: the show. Today we'll be back next week with the

824
00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:31,080
Speaker 2: last episode in Our edison. Series that is the story

825
00:45:31,080 --> 00:45:32,279
Speaker 2: Of edison and the.

826
00:45:32,280 --> 00:45:37,920
Speaker 1: Movies Bump, bump, bump bump bum at The. Muppets that's

827
00:45:37,960 --> 00:45:42,120
Speaker 1: my generic old timey. Ah our showrunner Is Ryan, dilly

828
00:45:42,239 --> 00:45:46,040
Speaker 1: our producer Is Gabriel Hunter, chang and our engineer Is Sarah.

829
00:45:46,080 --> 00:45:48,279
Speaker 2: Bruguier I'm Jacob, Goldstein I'm Robert.

830
00:45:48,280 --> 00:45:51,360
Speaker 1: Smith we'll be back next. Week with another episode Of Business.

831
00:45:51,560 --> 00:45:55,120
Speaker 2: History a show about the history of Business Robert. Smith

832
00:45:55,200 --> 00:45:58,320
Speaker 2: as you, know there is nowhere In pushkin's office to

833
00:45:59,360 --> 00:46:01,560
Speaker 2: make a video to make a video, podcast which is.

834
00:46:01,640 --> 00:46:04,719
Speaker 1: Unfortunate we tried and it was described as two gray

835
00:46:04,800 --> 00:46:08,560
Speaker 1: men in a gray, box and reasonably so fortunately for.

836
00:46:08,719 --> 00:46:12,359
Speaker 2: Us in an amazing, coincidence literally down the hall From putin's,

837
00:46:12,360 --> 00:46:15,280
Speaker 2: office there is the showroom of a company Called Buzzy.

838
00:46:15,320 --> 00:46:18,600
Speaker 2: Space this is a company is where we're sitting right,

839
00:46:18,719 --> 00:46:21,279
Speaker 2: now and what they do is they design furniture and

840
00:46:21,400 --> 00:46:25,319
Speaker 2: acoustic solutions that Make i'm reading here workplace is more,

841
00:46:25,400 --> 00:46:27,040
Speaker 2: comfortable more, creative and more.

842
00:46:27,120 --> 00:46:31,440
Speaker 1: FUN i would even say. Cozy their furniture is like

843
00:46:32,040 --> 00:46:36,680
Speaker 1: sort of curved and interesting, colors AND i guess keeps things.

844
00:46:36,760 --> 00:46:40,320
Speaker 2: Quiet, yes, HONESTLY i wish our office was this. Showroom

845
00:46:40,800 --> 00:46:41,880
Speaker 2: you can find more.

846
00:46:41,800 --> 00:46:42,839
Speaker 1: At buzzy Dot.

847
00:46:42,920 --> 00:46:46,880
Speaker 2: Space That's buzzi Dot. Space