1 00:00:02,440 --> 00:00:08,280 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, Radio News four. 2 00:00:08,920 --> 00:00:14,320 Speaker 2: Three two, fund Yeer, Big Mission and. 3 00:00:14,440 --> 00:00:19,480 Speaker 3: Lita Space is big business. 4 00:00:19,520 --> 00:00:21,160 Speaker 2: From satellites to tourism. 5 00:00:21,320 --> 00:00:24,439 Speaker 3: The commercial space sector has been having a moment for 6 00:00:24,480 --> 00:00:27,760 Speaker 3: the past few years in African countries went in on 7 00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:29,160 Speaker 3: the investments. 8 00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:34,040 Speaker 1: As the South African National Space Agency SANSA takes giant strides. 9 00:00:34,400 --> 00:00:37,600 Speaker 1: As we transform from a resource bound nation to a 10 00:00:37,680 --> 00:00:44,320 Speaker 1: knowledge based economy serving humanity without borders, SANSA envisions South 11 00:00:44,360 --> 00:00:46,159 Speaker 1: Africa leading space science. 12 00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:50,440 Speaker 3: A new spaceport in Somalia funded by the Turkish government 13 00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:54,160 Speaker 3: could be the latest contribution to the continent's twenty billion 14 00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:57,320 Speaker 3: dollar space sector, But will this one actually make it 15 00:00:57,360 --> 00:01:00,440 Speaker 3: to launch Nigerians? 16 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:05,320 Speaker 4: Is we count down to the launch of Nigeria's communication 17 00:01:05,400 --> 00:01:16,920 Speaker 4: on satellite Hi four three two one zero. 18 00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:18,319 Speaker 2: On today's Next Africa Podcast? 19 00:01:18,640 --> 00:01:22,400 Speaker 3: Will space ever be the future technology investment Africa needs? 20 00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:26,040 Speaker 3: Or more big promises that end up fizzling out with 21 00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:31,200 Speaker 3: less of a bang and more of a whimper. I'm 22 00:01:31,280 --> 00:01:34,520 Speaker 3: Jennifer's Abasaja and this is the Next Africa Podcast, bringing 23 00:01:34,560 --> 00:01:37,280 Speaker 3: you one story each week from the continent driving the 24 00:01:37,319 --> 00:01:43,240 Speaker 3: future of global growth with the context only Bloomberg can provide. 25 00:01:44,560 --> 00:01:48,080 Speaker 3: Bruce Einhorn is a Bloomberg reporter who covers all things space, 26 00:01:48,400 --> 00:01:52,240 Speaker 3: and he's joining us today alongside technology reporter Loney Prinzlu. 27 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:55,240 Speaker 2: Hello to you both, Thank you so much for joining us. 28 00:01:55,600 --> 00:01:55,720 Speaker 5: So. 29 00:01:55,920 --> 00:01:59,400 Speaker 3: As revealed on Bloomberg News earlier this week, the Turkish 30 00:01:59,480 --> 00:02:02,800 Speaker 3: government is in talks with Somalia to build a new 31 00:02:03,040 --> 00:02:07,320 Speaker 3: space facility, both for Turkey's versioning space program as well 32 00:02:07,320 --> 00:02:12,480 Speaker 3: as for testing ballistic missiles. Bloomberg reporter Salchen Hacho Glu 33 00:02:12,639 --> 00:02:14,760 Speaker 3: actually told us what's being planned. 34 00:02:14,919 --> 00:02:16,040 Speaker 2: Based on his reporting. 35 00:02:17,200 --> 00:02:20,760 Speaker 6: Turkey is a nascent space program and needs a spaceport 36 00:02:20,919 --> 00:02:24,440 Speaker 6: to be able to test fire the rockets. 37 00:02:24,040 --> 00:02:25,320 Speaker 2: That it's developing. 38 00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:28,640 Speaker 6: They have been looking for a country closs the Equator, 39 00:02:29,320 --> 00:02:32,679 Speaker 6: and they have decided to hold talks with Somalia, which 40 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:36,160 Speaker 6: is in advanced stage, to be able to build a 41 00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:39,920 Speaker 6: spaceport and test fire rockets that they are going to 42 00:02:40,120 --> 00:02:44,960 Speaker 6: send to space. However, the other side of the story 43 00:02:45,080 --> 00:02:50,359 Speaker 6: is Turkey has also developing ballistic missile program and they 44 00:02:50,400 --> 00:02:54,480 Speaker 6: also want to use this site to test fire ballistic 45 00:02:54,560 --> 00:02:59,760 Speaker 6: missiles that they are not able to test in Turkey. 46 00:02:59,800 --> 00:03:03,320 Speaker 6: Of short, Turkey they need a bigger space to be 47 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:07,480 Speaker 6: able to test long range missiles. Turkey and Somalia has 48 00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:10,480 Speaker 6: a defense industry cooperation agreement. 49 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:13,000 Speaker 2: Turkyo is already giving a lot. 50 00:03:12,840 --> 00:03:18,280 Speaker 6: To Somalia from financial aids to building schools providing security, 51 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:23,480 Speaker 6: and in July both countries agreed to expand the defense 52 00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:25,320 Speaker 6: cooperation between them. 53 00:03:25,840 --> 00:03:30,040 Speaker 3: Bruce, Why is Africa attractive for space launches? Why are 54 00:03:30,080 --> 00:03:34,080 Speaker 3: we seeing Turkey looking to Somalia of all places for 55 00:03:34,480 --> 00:03:35,320 Speaker 3: launch sites? 56 00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:40,520 Speaker 7: Jen There are some important geographic advantages that Africa offers 57 00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:43,840 Speaker 7: for anybody who wants to launch rockets. It's helpful if 58 00:03:43,840 --> 00:03:48,880 Speaker 7: you're launching a rocket into geostationary orbit. They're called geostationary 59 00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:51,800 Speaker 7: because they travel in space, but they're always over the 60 00:03:51,840 --> 00:03:55,800 Speaker 7: same place on the Earth. And if you're over the equator, 61 00:03:55,840 --> 00:03:59,600 Speaker 7: that gives you the broadest range of coverage for your satellite. 62 00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:03,600 Speaker 7: If you can launch your rocket near the equator, then 63 00:04:03,640 --> 00:04:06,520 Speaker 7: it makes it much easier to put your satellite into 64 00:04:06,600 --> 00:04:12,360 Speaker 7: orbit over the equator. Another advantage to launching in say Somalia, 65 00:04:12,400 --> 00:04:17,400 Speaker 7: potentially would be that it's right along the Indian Ocean, 66 00:04:17,560 --> 00:04:20,520 Speaker 7: so you can launch your rocket along the ocean and 67 00:04:21,200 --> 00:04:23,640 Speaker 7: there's quite a big distance to go in the ocean 68 00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:26,640 Speaker 7: before you get to land, and so you have less 69 00:04:26,680 --> 00:04:31,040 Speaker 7: reason to worry about the neighbors being upset about anything 70 00:04:31,040 --> 00:04:33,160 Speaker 7: from your rocket potentially falling on them. 71 00:04:33,360 --> 00:04:35,760 Speaker 3: And Bruce, this is your beat, so you cover this 72 00:04:35,839 --> 00:04:37,840 Speaker 3: day and day out. Maybe you can tell us then 73 00:04:37,880 --> 00:04:39,880 Speaker 3: a bit about some of the other proposals that we've 74 00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:42,840 Speaker 3: seen similar to this, because there is some reporting out 75 00:04:42,839 --> 00:04:47,480 Speaker 3: about how Jibouti was also talking about building its own spaceport. 76 00:04:47,520 --> 00:04:50,000 Speaker 2: How does this compare to that plan? 77 00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:53,839 Speaker 7: The Djibouti example is a very good one because it 78 00:04:53,960 --> 00:04:57,800 Speaker 7: shows just how there's potential, but also there's a lot 79 00:04:57,800 --> 00:05:04,480 Speaker 7: of pitfalls. So in Earl three, a Chinese company announced 80 00:05:04,520 --> 00:05:08,000 Speaker 7: that it had signed an MoU, a memorandum of understanding 81 00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:13,000 Speaker 7: with Jibouti to build a spaceport, really big facility. The 82 00:05:13,040 --> 00:05:16,159 Speaker 7: investment was going to be about a billion dollars. Djibouti, 83 00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:20,160 Speaker 7: like Somalia, right there close to the equator, so there 84 00:05:20,160 --> 00:05:23,479 Speaker 7: are some big advantages to launching from there. That deal 85 00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:28,040 Speaker 7: never really got beyond the MoU phase and fizzled. So 86 00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:33,160 Speaker 7: that does indicate that while we should be really interested 87 00:05:33,200 --> 00:05:36,480 Speaker 7: in saying what Turkey's thinking, about for Somalia. It's certainly 88 00:05:36,480 --> 00:05:39,360 Speaker 7: not a done deal. We've seen before that it's possible 89 00:05:39,400 --> 00:05:41,719 Speaker 7: that something gets announced and then doesn't happen. 90 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:44,560 Speaker 3: Promise and pitfalls. That's a good way of describing it. 91 00:05:44,600 --> 00:05:46,880 Speaker 3: I mean, LONEI jump in here because maybe you can 92 00:05:46,960 --> 00:05:50,760 Speaker 3: talk about Africa space industry then as a whole, because 93 00:05:50,760 --> 00:05:55,120 Speaker 3: these are just two examples potentially of the growing interests 94 00:05:55,320 --> 00:05:58,000 Speaker 3: really in getting a lot of African countries involved. But 95 00:05:58,080 --> 00:06:02,080 Speaker 3: what have we seen from the sector up until this point. 96 00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:07,120 Speaker 5: Jane I would say not too many African countries are 97 00:06:07,440 --> 00:06:11,960 Speaker 5: highly active. The bigger ones that we're seeing as South Africa, 98 00:06:12,080 --> 00:06:16,720 Speaker 5: they are busy building out a three billion dollar telescope 99 00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:19,880 Speaker 5: and that will be actually the biggest radio telescope in 100 00:06:19,880 --> 00:06:20,640 Speaker 5: the world. 101 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:21,359 Speaker 2: Once it's done. 102 00:06:21,600 --> 00:06:25,680 Speaker 5: Then in Nigeria they do have a launching facility. In 103 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:29,640 Speaker 5: Algeria they have a launching facility that they've inherited from 104 00:06:29,640 --> 00:06:34,440 Speaker 5: the French. Altogether, there's about eleven launching facilities in Africa, 105 00:06:35,120 --> 00:06:37,680 Speaker 5: but really only about three to five of those get 106 00:06:37,839 --> 00:06:43,960 Speaker 5: used satellites. We've seen about fifty eight or so going 107 00:06:44,040 --> 00:06:46,080 Speaker 5: into space by the bigger countries. 108 00:06:46,600 --> 00:06:50,919 Speaker 7: There's also a third spaceport in Eastern Africa that's really interesting, 109 00:06:50,960 --> 00:06:53,800 Speaker 7: which is an Italian one which was established back in 110 00:06:53,839 --> 00:06:56,839 Speaker 7: the nineteen sixties that has been used several times for 111 00:06:56,960 --> 00:07:00,040 Speaker 7: launches over the years, starting in nineteen sixty seven and 112 00:07:00,240 --> 00:07:02,719 Speaker 7: was the first satellite launched from there. All the way 113 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:06,839 Speaker 7: through the late nineteen eighties. Altogether, there were twenty missions 114 00:07:06,880 --> 00:07:11,040 Speaker 7: twenty orbital missions from lunch from there. They're still operational there. 115 00:07:11,040 --> 00:07:14,960 Speaker 7: It's called the Luigi Broglio Malindi Space Center in Kenya. 116 00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:15,520 Speaker 2: What a name. 117 00:07:16,720 --> 00:07:19,000 Speaker 3: That example just goes to show Bruce that this is 118 00:07:19,040 --> 00:07:22,560 Speaker 3: definitely not new to the continent by any means. 119 00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:24,120 Speaker 2: And as Loni was just pointing. 120 00:07:23,800 --> 00:07:27,120 Speaker 3: Out, there are projects that have been put in place. 121 00:07:27,560 --> 00:07:30,520 Speaker 3: But if it is potentially a twenty billion dollar industry, 122 00:07:30,560 --> 00:07:34,320 Speaker 3: I mean, why haven't we seen this really take off 123 00:07:34,320 --> 00:07:36,880 Speaker 3: in the way that it should on the continent. 124 00:07:37,080 --> 00:07:40,000 Speaker 7: There are a couple of reasons that things haven't really 125 00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:42,480 Speaker 7: developed at the pace that maybe some people would like 126 00:07:42,560 --> 00:07:46,560 Speaker 7: to see. There are some security issues in places like Somalia, 127 00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:49,760 Speaker 7: in places like Jibouti, there are also issues related to 128 00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:53,960 Speaker 7: technology exports. So if you have a satellite that you 129 00:07:53,960 --> 00:07:57,440 Speaker 7: want to launch on a rocket, there's a good chance 130 00:07:57,680 --> 00:08:01,800 Speaker 7: that you've got American technology on your satellite, American technology 131 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:04,600 Speaker 7: in your rocket, and the United States has pretty strict 132 00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:08,720 Speaker 7: rules when it comes to the export of technology that 133 00:08:09,080 --> 00:08:13,840 Speaker 7: has the potential to be used in missofs, so military 134 00:08:13,880 --> 00:08:18,280 Speaker 7: applications for clear reasons are things that the United States 135 00:08:18,440 --> 00:08:22,440 Speaker 7: is concerned about, and so most rockets that are launched. 136 00:08:22,440 --> 00:08:25,560 Speaker 7: Most satellites that go into orbit launch from the United 137 00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:29,200 Speaker 7: States from Florida, from Cape Canaveral or from California at 138 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:32,559 Speaker 7: van Berg Base. There are other places that rockets get 139 00:08:32,600 --> 00:08:35,480 Speaker 7: most so you can launch from French Guyana, say, Chinese 140 00:08:35,559 --> 00:08:38,760 Speaker 7: rockets launch from China, Russian rockets launch from Russia or 141 00:08:38,760 --> 00:08:41,680 Speaker 7: from Kazakhstan. There are also some rockets that get launched 142 00:08:41,679 --> 00:08:44,760 Speaker 7: from New Zealand, but by and large, with the exception 143 00:08:44,840 --> 00:08:49,120 Speaker 7: of Russian and Chinese rockets, other rockets get launched from 144 00:08:49,320 --> 00:08:52,360 Speaker 7: either the US or from US allies, and some of 145 00:08:52,360 --> 00:08:55,520 Speaker 7: those countries have agreements with the United States that allow 146 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:59,120 Speaker 7: for the export of some of this restricted technology. Without 147 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:04,200 Speaker 7: that kind of permission, it's difficult to build the launch industry, 148 00:09:04,440 --> 00:09:06,520 Speaker 7: and African countries at the moment just don't have it. 149 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:08,760 Speaker 2: And stick with US, Bruce and Loni. 150 00:09:08,800 --> 00:09:11,080 Speaker 3: When we come back, we'll look at the role African 151 00:09:11,080 --> 00:09:15,920 Speaker 3: countries are playing in those big diplomatic battles over space expiration. 152 00:09:16,160 --> 00:09:24,160 Speaker 2: We'll be right back. Welcome back. 153 00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:27,680 Speaker 3: Today, we're talking space and the role African countries could 154 00:09:27,760 --> 00:09:30,600 Speaker 3: potentially play in the new space race. 155 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:33,440 Speaker 2: Bruce. Space has, of course, as. 156 00:09:33,280 --> 00:09:36,959 Speaker 3: Many of us know, been a battle between superpowers for decades. 157 00:09:37,559 --> 00:09:39,000 Speaker 2: In the fifties and sixties, it. 158 00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:43,000 Speaker 3: Was Russia and the US, but now China is a 159 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:46,480 Speaker 3: big rival in this whole space race. How would you 160 00:09:46,559 --> 00:09:50,600 Speaker 3: describe the space diplomacy and what we're seeing right now 161 00:09:50,640 --> 00:09:51,600 Speaker 3: in twenty twenty four. 162 00:09:51,960 --> 00:09:54,760 Speaker 7: As you point out, there is a big competition between 163 00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:57,760 Speaker 7: the United States and China in space, and there is 164 00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:01,240 Speaker 7: a role that Africa plays in that both the US 165 00:10:01,320 --> 00:10:04,120 Speaker 7: and China want to send astronauts to the Moon. No 166 00:10:04,240 --> 00:10:06,679 Speaker 7: people have been on the Moon since the last Apollo astronauts, 167 00:10:06,720 --> 00:10:10,120 Speaker 7: and in the early nineteen seventies, the Americans have the 168 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:13,600 Speaker 7: Artemis program that is trying to get astronauts back to 169 00:10:13,600 --> 00:10:15,920 Speaker 7: the Moon within a few years. China wants to get 170 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:18,800 Speaker 7: its astronauts to the Moon for the first time by 171 00:10:18,800 --> 00:10:21,480 Speaker 7: the end of the decade. Longer term, the Chinese have 172 00:10:21,559 --> 00:10:24,520 Speaker 7: a project that they initially launched with Russia a few 173 00:10:24,600 --> 00:10:27,320 Speaker 7: years ago. They want to build a research station at 174 00:10:27,400 --> 00:10:30,280 Speaker 7: the south pole of the Moon, and they're trying to 175 00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:33,600 Speaker 7: get countries to sign up and say we support that. Meanwhile, 176 00:10:33,640 --> 00:10:36,680 Speaker 7: the Americans have initiative of their own as part of 177 00:10:36,760 --> 00:10:40,000 Speaker 7: the Artemis program. Related to that, there's something called the 178 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:43,480 Speaker 7: Artemis Accords, which is an agreement among the United States 179 00:10:43,600 --> 00:10:48,679 Speaker 7: and like minded countries about how activity on the Moon 180 00:10:48,920 --> 00:10:52,520 Speaker 7: and elsewhere in space will be conducted going forward to 181 00:10:52,520 --> 00:10:55,760 Speaker 7: the United States has gotten about forty plus countries to 182 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:59,640 Speaker 7: sign up for that, some African countries. Nigeria is one 183 00:10:59,800 --> 00:11:01,880 Speaker 7: and Gola is another. I think there may be a 184 00:11:01,920 --> 00:11:05,120 Speaker 7: few others. China got a later start compared to the 185 00:11:05,200 --> 00:11:08,400 Speaker 7: Americans in trying to win diplomatic allies for its vision, 186 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:13,000 Speaker 7: but the Chinese have had some success. Most notably recently 187 00:11:13,600 --> 00:11:17,360 Speaker 7: was Senegal signing up saying that it was supporting this 188 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:21,160 Speaker 7: Chinese project for the lunar south Pole. So at the moment, 189 00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:24,320 Speaker 7: there are about a dozen countries that have signed up 190 00:11:24,320 --> 00:11:27,559 Speaker 7: for China's project, as opposed to forty plus for the US. 191 00:11:27,800 --> 00:11:29,840 Speaker 7: But there are a lot of countries in Africa, so 192 00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:32,680 Speaker 7: there's a lot of opportunity for both sides to try 193 00:11:32,720 --> 00:11:36,520 Speaker 7: to win support from African countries. It's important not just 194 00:11:36,600 --> 00:11:39,480 Speaker 7: for what happens in space, but also for the rivalry 195 00:11:39,480 --> 00:11:41,160 Speaker 7: between the two countries here. 196 00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:45,240 Speaker 3: On I wonder Loney, considering the space race that is 197 00:11:45,320 --> 00:11:47,719 Speaker 3: going on in space and also on the ground here. 198 00:11:47,760 --> 00:11:50,559 Speaker 3: I mean, what's the outlook you think for the industry 199 00:11:50,559 --> 00:11:52,840 Speaker 3: as a whole on the continent, especially if you consider 200 00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:55,240 Speaker 3: that investment gap that you were talking about. 201 00:11:55,400 --> 00:11:58,440 Speaker 5: Look, a lot of it is in the satellite space 202 00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:01,960 Speaker 5: and Tina Cums's very big in Africa. I think there's 203 00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:05,559 Speaker 5: a plan to launch another one hundred and teen satellites 204 00:12:06,040 --> 00:12:10,000 Speaker 5: for and ground observation and all of that. There's also 205 00:12:10,040 --> 00:12:13,199 Speaker 5: a push by Rwanda. There's fifty four countries in Africa 206 00:12:13,320 --> 00:12:17,160 Speaker 5: and they all follow their own route, so there isn't 207 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:22,199 Speaker 5: really lack a considered effort or one plan, but there's definitely, 208 00:12:22,440 --> 00:12:25,240 Speaker 5: as we said, there's definitely a push to do more. 209 00:12:25,600 --> 00:12:27,719 Speaker 3: And Bruce, I just wanted to finish with you on 210 00:12:27,760 --> 00:12:30,880 Speaker 3: your outlook for the business of space, considering you have 211 00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:33,559 Speaker 3: the newsletter titled that what's your outlook for the next 212 00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:36,360 Speaker 3: few years, especially considering what is going on on the 213 00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:40,439 Speaker 3: ground here on Earth, how does this play out over 214 00:12:40,440 --> 00:12:42,600 Speaker 3: the next few years, What should we be watching for 215 00:12:43,080 --> 00:12:45,040 Speaker 3: and what is Africa's role in that. 216 00:12:45,320 --> 00:12:47,480 Speaker 7: I think Africa has a really big role to play 217 00:12:47,760 --> 00:12:52,199 Speaker 7: in the years to come, because access to space is 218 00:12:52,640 --> 00:12:56,080 Speaker 7: becoming so much more affordable as we have more and 219 00:12:56,160 --> 00:13:00,280 Speaker 7: more companies that are launching rockets. So as well known 220 00:13:00,320 --> 00:13:03,960 Speaker 7: example of course is SpaceX Elon Musk Company and they're 221 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:07,040 Speaker 7: on track to launch like well over one hundred rockets 222 00:13:07,080 --> 00:13:11,600 Speaker 7: this year. And because companies are now offering a lot 223 00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:16,120 Speaker 7: more rides to space, space is becoming less expensive. Also, 224 00:13:16,440 --> 00:13:19,959 Speaker 7: satellites have become much smaller, and so a lot more 225 00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:24,679 Speaker 7: countries see opportunities for themselves to actually have their own 226 00:13:24,720 --> 00:13:28,400 Speaker 7: satellites in space. And so there are many African countries 227 00:13:28,400 --> 00:13:30,160 Speaker 7: that have already started doing that, but there are a 228 00:13:30,200 --> 00:13:32,560 Speaker 7: lot of other African countries that haven't gotten there yet. 229 00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:35,200 Speaker 7: So in the years ahead, there will be a lot 230 00:13:35,280 --> 00:13:39,800 Speaker 7: more countries in Africa that want to establish a presence 231 00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:42,480 Speaker 7: for themselves in orbit. And there will be a lot 232 00:13:42,480 --> 00:13:46,480 Speaker 7: of companies in the United States and Europe, in Asia, 233 00:13:46,559 --> 00:13:49,520 Speaker 7: all around the world that want to help African countries do. 234 00:13:49,520 --> 00:13:52,040 Speaker 3: Those sounds like I could get very crowded, but still 235 00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:55,200 Speaker 3: very interesting to follow. Bruce and Lonie, thank you so 236 00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:57,000 Speaker 3: much for joining us on the podcast today. 237 00:13:57,000 --> 00:13:58,280 Speaker 2: I really appreciate your insights. 238 00:13:58,520 --> 00:14:00,960 Speaker 3: And you can read all the latest coverage of space 239 00:14:01,040 --> 00:14:04,480 Speaker 3: on Bloomberg News. Plus you can sign up for Bruce's 240 00:14:04,640 --> 00:14:09,280 Speaker 3: Business of Space newsletter. So similar to what we are 241 00:14:09,320 --> 00:14:12,720 Speaker 3: seeing on Earth, African nations clearly have an opportunity to 242 00:14:12,800 --> 00:14:17,280 Speaker 3: play a role in industries traditionally dominated by global powers, 243 00:14:17,880 --> 00:14:22,040 Speaker 3: But ultimately what guides their participation in this new space 244 00:14:22,160 --> 00:14:25,320 Speaker 3: race may be less about the actual race into orbit 245 00:14:25,840 --> 00:14:33,600 Speaker 3: and more about their needs on the ground. This program 246 00:14:33,680 --> 00:14:36,960 Speaker 3: was produced by Adrian Bradley. Don't forget to follow and 247 00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:40,640 Speaker 3: review the show wherever you usually get your podcasts. I'm 248 00:14:40,720 --> 00:14:43,280 Speaker 3: Jennifer's Abasaja. Thanks as always for listening.