1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to you stuff you should know front House stuff 2 00:00:04,320 --> 00:00:12,639 Speaker 1: Works dot Com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:12,720 --> 00:00:15,440 Speaker 1: Josh Clark and there's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and that 4 00:00:15,480 --> 00:00:19,040 Speaker 1: makes this stuff you should know the podcast. I've been 5 00:00:19,040 --> 00:00:23,320 Speaker 1: working on. My Africana accent was that it sort of. 6 00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:26,640 Speaker 1: I've also been told by some people Chuck, we love 7 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:28,720 Speaker 1: your accents because they're kind of bad, but they're funny. 8 00:00:29,040 --> 00:00:31,840 Speaker 1: And other people said, oh my god, please don't ever 9 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:34,600 Speaker 1: do accents again. Oh, you gotta keep doing it. Of course, 10 00:00:34,880 --> 00:00:37,919 Speaker 1: people can't tell me what to do. I think your 11 00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:41,240 Speaker 1: African or um is a little rough, you know, on 12 00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:45,880 Speaker 1: the edges, especially compared to your Italian. Sure that's easy though, 13 00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:48,640 Speaker 1: but um, that's no problem. So do you want to 14 00:00:48,640 --> 00:00:50,960 Speaker 1: say a word in African er? I think I know 15 00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:55,920 Speaker 1: that you know one apartoteid yes, and it means a 16 00:00:56,000 --> 00:01:01,480 Speaker 1: partners in Africana and yeah in Afrikaans, sure, which is 17 00:01:01,480 --> 00:01:05,280 Speaker 1: the language? Yeah? Well where did I get African er? Uh? 18 00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:08,919 Speaker 1: That is the person is an Africana the speak Afrikaans. 19 00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:14,399 Speaker 1: So in Afrikaans, apartheid means a partners and you capitalize it. 20 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:18,919 Speaker 1: And the reason you capitalize it is because for about 21 00:01:19,120 --> 00:01:22,200 Speaker 1: fifty years, a little less than fifty years, it was 22 00:01:22,319 --> 00:01:27,160 Speaker 1: a national policy in South Africa and it was brutal 23 00:01:28,040 --> 00:01:31,039 Speaker 1: and awful, and the whole world said, you know what, 24 00:01:31,120 --> 00:01:34,880 Speaker 1: South Africa, we judge you, and for good reason. Yeah. 25 00:01:34,959 --> 00:01:37,080 Speaker 1: I remember being a kid, and we'll get to this later. 26 00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:39,280 Speaker 1: But the artist against Apartheid was the first time I 27 00:01:39,360 --> 00:01:44,200 Speaker 1: ever heard that word as a young teenager, Bano telling me, 28 00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:48,280 Speaker 1: don't play some city. Sun City was built in eighty one. Okay. 29 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:51,960 Speaker 1: Sun City, first of all, is a resort in South Africa. 30 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:57,080 Speaker 1: And you know, little Stephen Van's aunt of the Sopranos 31 00:01:57,440 --> 00:02:00,160 Speaker 1: and the E Street Band wrote the song called Ain't 32 00:02:00,160 --> 00:02:02,160 Speaker 1: Gonna play some City, got all these people to sing 33 00:02:02,160 --> 00:02:04,360 Speaker 1: on it, sort of in the It was like you 34 00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:09,720 Speaker 1: two to Curtis Below, to um Africa Boombada to Peter 35 00:02:09,840 --> 00:02:12,280 Speaker 1: Gabriel did like so many people are on that song, 36 00:02:12,320 --> 00:02:15,359 Speaker 1: all these Miles Davis was on there like everybody was. 37 00:02:15,760 --> 00:02:18,720 Speaker 1: It was a good song. Um, it was a good 38 00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:21,280 Speaker 1: ish song, Okay, but it was like I ain't gonna 39 00:02:21,320 --> 00:02:23,160 Speaker 1: play some City. And not only was it a song, 40 00:02:23,760 --> 00:02:27,200 Speaker 1: but it was like a movement and in an agreement, 41 00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:29,960 Speaker 1: like a creed that you were kind of signing. So 42 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:31,920 Speaker 1: who played. I saw that Elton John and Queen and 43 00:02:31,960 --> 00:02:35,840 Speaker 1: Linda Ronstadt played during apartheid, Sinatra played. I mean yeah, 44 00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:38,360 Speaker 1: they knew ahead of time that there was like a 45 00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:41,200 Speaker 1: you know, Sun City was not a good place to 46 00:02:41,320 --> 00:02:44,760 Speaker 1: be and it was in apartheid. It was a good 47 00:02:44,760 --> 00:02:47,640 Speaker 1: place to be if you were in a pro apartheid 48 00:02:47,720 --> 00:02:49,440 Speaker 1: South African with a lot of money, because it was 49 00:02:49,440 --> 00:02:51,560 Speaker 1: a very nice resort and you want to gamble and 50 00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:54,280 Speaker 1: they would get big name acts. But um, if you 51 00:02:54,360 --> 00:02:57,079 Speaker 1: went there and played there and made money there, even 52 00:02:57,120 --> 00:02:59,799 Speaker 1: if you didn't make money there, actually, um, the you 53 00:03:00,040 --> 00:03:04,240 Speaker 1: when had an anti apartheid unit and they kept track 54 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:06,360 Speaker 1: of who was playing there and they would publish a 55 00:03:06,400 --> 00:03:11,120 Speaker 1: blacklist and there was a huge, huge um backlash against it. 56 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:13,960 Speaker 1: Most people were just like sorry, sorry. If you said publicly, 57 00:03:14,320 --> 00:03:16,840 Speaker 1: I'm very sorry that I went and played Sun City, 58 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:20,360 Speaker 1: I'm not gonna go to apartheid South Africa again. Um, 59 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:22,720 Speaker 1: as a performer, they would take you off the list, 60 00:03:23,520 --> 00:03:25,679 Speaker 1: but it was still like that. It's really smacked of 61 00:03:25,800 --> 00:03:29,880 Speaker 1: McCarthyism because they used a blacklist for suspected communists in 62 00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:32,760 Speaker 1: the entertainment industry. And this is the same thing, but 63 00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:35,160 Speaker 1: in this case, in this case they were on the 64 00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:38,960 Speaker 1: side of right, the black listeners were. But but yeah, so, um, 65 00:03:39,200 --> 00:03:40,800 Speaker 1: if you went to Sun City, you ended up on 66 00:03:40,840 --> 00:03:44,680 Speaker 1: this list. And actually, really interestingly, Tim Reid Venus fly Trap, 67 00:03:45,200 --> 00:03:48,360 Speaker 1: he went down to South Africa with Howard Hussman, Johnny 68 00:03:48,360 --> 00:03:51,880 Speaker 1: Fever w Carapean Cincinnati because w CA Arapian Cincinnati was 69 00:03:51,960 --> 00:03:55,360 Speaker 1: a really huge hit down there. Yeah, so they had 70 00:03:55,760 --> 00:03:59,520 Speaker 1: Venis and uh and Johnny Fever come down and Tim 71 00:03:59,560 --> 00:04:04,960 Speaker 1: Reid is one of the first African Americans invited to 72 00:04:05,240 --> 00:04:09,000 Speaker 1: apartheid South Africa to not perform like this was just 73 00:04:09,040 --> 00:04:12,680 Speaker 1: a publicity tour, and he spent the whole time speaking 74 00:04:12,680 --> 00:04:15,720 Speaker 1: out against apartheid. And he still ended up on the 75 00:04:15,760 --> 00:04:19,039 Speaker 1: UN's blacklist because he received like a per diem or 76 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:22,360 Speaker 1: something during his his publicity tour there, and he uh, 77 00:04:22,440 --> 00:04:25,960 Speaker 1: he spoke out. There's a Chicago Tribune article from the time, 78 00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:28,880 Speaker 1: from like night six that interviews him and he was 79 00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:32,400 Speaker 1: a really smart guy speaking out against this blacklist, or 80 00:04:32,440 --> 00:04:35,280 Speaker 1: at the very least, like how um clumsy it was 81 00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:37,240 Speaker 1: that they weren't using a scalpel at all. They were 82 00:04:37,279 --> 00:04:38,800 Speaker 1: just like, oh, you went to South Africa and they 83 00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:41,719 Speaker 1: gave you some money and now you're blacklisted. He's like, 84 00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:45,320 Speaker 1: I was speaking out against apartheid, Like you get what 85 00:04:45,360 --> 00:04:48,719 Speaker 1: are you doing? So let's talk. Let's talk apartheid. Let's 86 00:04:48,720 --> 00:04:50,960 Speaker 1: where did this come from, Chuck. I mean, it's it 87 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:55,479 Speaker 1: was instituted in but it was way older than that. Yeah, 88 00:04:55,680 --> 00:05:00,640 Speaker 1: racial suppression was going on sort of from the seventeenth 89 00:05:00,680 --> 00:05:04,200 Speaker 1: century on in Africa, or at least in Southern Africa. 90 00:05:04,560 --> 00:05:06,359 Speaker 1: And it wasn't South Africa at the time. We should 91 00:05:06,360 --> 00:05:08,479 Speaker 1: point out. We'll get to that though. Um. But the 92 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:11,880 Speaker 1: Dutch came there in the seventeenth century just as a 93 00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:14,440 Speaker 1: little stop off station. They wanted to set up on 94 00:05:14,440 --> 00:05:16,839 Speaker 1: the Spice Route Dutch East Indy Company. They're like, we 95 00:05:16,880 --> 00:05:18,760 Speaker 1: need a place to kick back a little bit and 96 00:05:18,839 --> 00:05:22,480 Speaker 1: rest on this trip. And so I was about to say, 97 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:25,000 Speaker 1: they said, do you mind? They I don't think they asked. 98 00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:26,680 Speaker 1: They did not. They just sort of set up shop there. 99 00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:30,800 Speaker 1: And they were not there to colonize um. Initially, it 100 00:05:30,960 --> 00:05:35,159 Speaker 1: was just just to set up a station and um. 101 00:05:35,200 --> 00:05:39,160 Speaker 1: But the because they were Europeans, they did bring um 102 00:05:39,200 --> 00:05:44,800 Speaker 1: along with them. The thought that white people are supreme 103 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:50,160 Speaker 1: to black people with them, that's right. Um, So that 104 00:05:50,240 --> 00:05:54,000 Speaker 1: notion is immediately set up, like, hey, we're better than you. 105 00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:55,800 Speaker 1: You can't tell us what to do. We have guns, 106 00:05:55,880 --> 00:05:59,760 Speaker 1: and uh, we're more quote unquote advanced if if you 107 00:06:00,320 --> 00:06:04,240 Speaker 1: following those European lines of what advanced is. And because 108 00:06:04,279 --> 00:06:07,400 Speaker 1: they were Europeans during the Age of Exploration, they said, 109 00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:11,839 Speaker 1: let's colonize anyway, let's do it. So they did, um, 110 00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:15,000 Speaker 1: and they started setting up settlements that weren't united but 111 00:06:15,040 --> 00:06:19,040 Speaker 1: we're basically the Dutch and then later on the British 112 00:06:19,160 --> 00:06:23,000 Speaker 1: into a much lesser extent of French. UM basically saying 113 00:06:23,120 --> 00:06:27,599 Speaker 1: just undergoing a land grab that involved basically taking land 114 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:31,520 Speaker 1: from the indigenous people there and then setting up farms. 115 00:06:31,520 --> 00:06:34,719 Speaker 1: Sounds like another country. It sounds really familiar, doesn't it. Yeah. 116 00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:36,880 Speaker 1: They basically would try and negotiate for land and if 117 00:06:36,880 --> 00:06:39,080 Speaker 1: that broke down, they were like, all right, we're taking it, right, 118 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:41,080 Speaker 1: and then they would take the land, turning and turning 119 00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:44,120 Speaker 1: the land into plantations, start growing stuff for export, and 120 00:06:44,160 --> 00:06:47,480 Speaker 1: then the people would say, um, we're starving out here, 121 00:06:48,120 --> 00:06:50,240 Speaker 1: and the Dutch people would say, well, come on in 122 00:06:50,279 --> 00:06:52,160 Speaker 1: and work for us for like next to nothing at 123 00:06:52,200 --> 00:06:55,480 Speaker 1: the very least, you'll live long enough to till our fields. 124 00:06:56,240 --> 00:06:59,159 Speaker 1: And that's how the whole thing began. Yeah, basically they 125 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:01,120 Speaker 1: would end up killing the fields that they at one 126 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:07,200 Speaker 1: point owned themselves or used themselves as slaves. And this 127 00:07:07,279 --> 00:07:10,200 Speaker 1: was the Dutch at first until about the mid seventeen hundreds. 128 00:07:10,280 --> 00:07:14,680 Speaker 1: Then uh, British activity picked up in the region and 129 00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:18,480 Speaker 1: um they uh you know at the time, it was 130 00:07:18,880 --> 00:07:22,920 Speaker 1: I think you said, just like various separate societies farming, 131 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:26,520 Speaker 1: live in a grarian lifestyle, ranching, hunter gathering, and then 132 00:07:26,880 --> 00:07:29,720 Speaker 1: the Dutch and then the Brits came down there with 133 00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:32,160 Speaker 1: their own slaves and took the land and said, you 134 00:07:32,160 --> 00:07:35,560 Speaker 1: know what, We're gonna battle with each other over this area. 135 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:39,440 Speaker 1: And eventually Britain gained control in the early nineteenth century 136 00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:42,040 Speaker 1: from the Dutch even but the Dutch were still there 137 00:07:42,080 --> 00:07:44,720 Speaker 1: sort of running things. Is that how it worked. Yeah, 138 00:07:44,720 --> 00:07:47,440 Speaker 1: there were way more Dutch settlers than British, but the 139 00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:50,160 Speaker 1: British had managed to gain control of it and know 140 00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:52,520 Speaker 1: it was a British colony and they said, but slavery 141 00:07:52,560 --> 00:07:56,280 Speaker 1: is not legal, no, but you can be uh you 142 00:07:56,280 --> 00:07:59,200 Speaker 1: you are a servant. Basically and we're going to codify this. 143 00:07:59,280 --> 00:08:02,040 Speaker 1: And now for the first time in this area, UM, 144 00:08:02,120 --> 00:08:06,000 Speaker 1: blacks were legally subservient to whites. So instead of master slave, 145 00:08:06,080 --> 00:08:09,120 Speaker 1: that was master servant. But big. And even though the 146 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:11,640 Speaker 1: British it was a British colony, it was still basically 147 00:08:11,720 --> 00:08:16,200 Speaker 1: run and operated by the Dutch. That's right, UM, And 148 00:08:16,320 --> 00:08:18,440 Speaker 1: some Dutch didn't like that, so they pressed further and 149 00:08:18,480 --> 00:08:23,960 Speaker 1: further inward and UM ultimately uh, creating more and more 150 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:26,880 Speaker 1: of an area for the future South Africa by dominating 151 00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:32,320 Speaker 1: these tribes with guns, germ, steel, you know that whole thing. UM. 152 00:08:32,400 --> 00:08:35,720 Speaker 1: And then around about eighteen sixty something really big happened. 153 00:08:35,800 --> 00:08:39,040 Speaker 1: A little bit into the interior. They discovered diamonds and 154 00:08:39,160 --> 00:08:42,360 Speaker 1: gold and said, oh, we're staying. Yeah, and they said, 155 00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:44,200 Speaker 1: you know, we know you love farming and all that 156 00:08:44,280 --> 00:08:46,920 Speaker 1: good stuff, but we think you'd be much happier working 157 00:08:46,960 --> 00:08:49,800 Speaker 1: in a mine for next to nothing. At the very least, 158 00:08:49,840 --> 00:08:52,240 Speaker 1: it would make us happier if you were working in 159 00:08:52,280 --> 00:08:54,199 Speaker 1: our minds, that's right. And you know what we're gonna 160 00:08:54,400 --> 00:08:58,640 Speaker 1: um brutalize you. We're gonna segregate you. Uh, We're gonna 161 00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:02,760 Speaker 1: give you the most dangerous shot and humiliate you and 162 00:09:02,840 --> 00:09:05,040 Speaker 1: do cavity searches and you know what, Now you have 163 00:09:05,080 --> 00:09:08,240 Speaker 1: to have a passbook to go to your job as 164 00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:11,640 Speaker 1: a minor, and uh, you're gonna be paid a lot less. 165 00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:15,080 Speaker 1: And the passbooks. The reason we mentioned that is it 166 00:09:15,320 --> 00:09:18,600 Speaker 1: soon became a staple that you couldn't go anywhere you 167 00:09:18,600 --> 00:09:20,760 Speaker 1: weren't supposed to go without a passbook. Right. It was 168 00:09:20,960 --> 00:09:23,160 Speaker 1: initially started as a work thing though in the in 169 00:09:23,240 --> 00:09:25,959 Speaker 1: the minds of South Africa, that's where apartheid was born. 170 00:09:26,520 --> 00:09:29,640 Speaker 1: And a lot of the apartheid techniques like like you say, 171 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:36,320 Speaker 1: pass books, um, and just the general degradation of blacks 172 00:09:36,440 --> 00:09:40,480 Speaker 1: in South Africa area. Um, it all began. I mean 173 00:09:40,679 --> 00:09:43,520 Speaker 1: it was already in place, but just the brutality of it, 174 00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:48,359 Speaker 1: I take it really picked up in the minds. Um. 175 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:52,280 Speaker 1: So that was what the eighteen sixties and that was 176 00:09:52,280 --> 00:09:55,040 Speaker 1: pretty much the way it was. Um. It was a 177 00:09:55,040 --> 00:09:58,160 Speaker 1: British colony in South Africa. It was. It wasn't South 178 00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:00,319 Speaker 1: Africa yet, but it was a British colony, Dutch re 179 00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:03,800 Speaker 1: ruling it. The blacks, Um, they're the African the indigenous 180 00:10:03,840 --> 00:10:08,120 Speaker 1: indigenous natives, um were on the losing end. Of all 181 00:10:08,160 --> 00:10:11,240 Speaker 1: of this in a very brutal fashion. And then in 182 00:10:11,280 --> 00:10:14,559 Speaker 1: the early nine hundreds and I think nineteen o eight, um, 183 00:10:14,800 --> 00:10:17,600 Speaker 1: the people who were running this British colony, the Dutch, 184 00:10:17,679 --> 00:10:22,080 Speaker 1: said hey man, we want a little more authority here. Yeah, 185 00:10:22,120 --> 00:10:24,880 Speaker 1: And they were at this point they were Afrikaaner. Like 186 00:10:25,720 --> 00:10:28,520 Speaker 1: in the past century, they had changed a lot. They 187 00:10:28,559 --> 00:10:32,880 Speaker 1: had this weird hybrid language that developed, and they were 188 00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:36,840 Speaker 1: not they were Dutch in heritage, but they were starting 189 00:10:36,880 --> 00:10:39,120 Speaker 1: to become a new people in southern Africa, which is 190 00:10:39,160 --> 00:10:41,720 Speaker 1: African or they probably felt about as Dutch as like 191 00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:44,520 Speaker 1: you and I feel British, right, you know, yeah, that's 192 00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:46,400 Speaker 1: a good point. But yeah, so yeah, they were like 193 00:10:46,440 --> 00:10:48,559 Speaker 1: a whole new, whole new group. But the basis of 194 00:10:48,640 --> 00:10:51,080 Speaker 1: this was that they were a whole new group who 195 00:10:51,080 --> 00:10:55,160 Speaker 1: had grown up in charge of another group and they 196 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:57,120 Speaker 1: wanted to make sure that they had a free hand 197 00:10:57,160 --> 00:11:00,960 Speaker 1: in dealing with these other sub classes. Um. And also 198 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:03,080 Speaker 1: I want to say, like, any time you hear me 199 00:11:03,120 --> 00:11:06,439 Speaker 1: say subclasses, I'm making air quotes, everybody. Yeah, and when 200 00:11:06,480 --> 00:11:09,600 Speaker 1: I say big difference between master slave and master servant, 201 00:11:09,640 --> 00:11:15,280 Speaker 1: I was being sarcastic. We're anti apartheid, yeah, okay. Um, 202 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:19,680 Speaker 1: so the the these Afrikaners running the show sent a 203 00:11:19,720 --> 00:11:22,959 Speaker 1: new constitution to Britain, and Britain said, okay, go ahead, Um, 204 00:11:23,040 --> 00:11:25,720 Speaker 1: we're gonna go ahead and grant this. It's going to 205 00:11:25,760 --> 00:11:28,280 Speaker 1: be called the South Africa Act of nineteen ten. And 206 00:11:28,360 --> 00:11:32,679 Speaker 1: with that, British decreed that the state of South Africa 207 00:11:32,840 --> 00:11:36,720 Speaker 1: was born phil British colony, but it was officially under 208 00:11:37,080 --> 00:11:40,240 Speaker 1: African or control. That's right. And uh, oh yeah, one 209 00:11:40,240 --> 00:11:43,200 Speaker 1: other thing black people can't hold off as ever. Yeah, 210 00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:46,280 Speaker 1: that's like the first of what would be many, many, 211 00:11:46,320 --> 00:11:49,000 Speaker 1: many restrictions. And that's a huge one, because all of 212 00:11:49,040 --> 00:11:52,040 Speaker 1: a sudden, you have an all white boye made up 213 00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:55,559 Speaker 1: of white people who feel that this is their white 214 00:11:55,559 --> 00:12:00,800 Speaker 1: man's burden to keep you from being shiftless and lazy 215 00:12:00,880 --> 00:12:04,480 Speaker 1: and thieving and just killing yourselves and cutting off your 216 00:12:04,480 --> 00:12:06,600 Speaker 1: own hands and killing one another. It's up to the 217 00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:09,600 Speaker 1: white man to make sure you don't do that. And 218 00:12:09,640 --> 00:12:12,440 Speaker 1: we're going to keep you, keep you safe by subjugating you. 219 00:12:12,679 --> 00:12:14,200 Speaker 1: And the first way we're gonna do that is to 220 00:12:14,280 --> 00:12:16,959 Speaker 1: just have an all white government. That's right. And uh 221 00:12:17,040 --> 00:12:19,400 Speaker 1: and the second thing we're gonna do is we're gonna 222 00:12:19,559 --> 00:12:23,520 Speaker 1: take your land because even though we only make up 223 00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:27,600 Speaker 1: of the population as white people, we need the land. 224 00:12:27,760 --> 00:12:31,839 Speaker 1: So we're gonna shuffle seven I'm sorry of the people 225 00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:35,600 Speaker 1: on to seven percent of the land, really crappy land, 226 00:12:36,120 --> 00:12:41,400 Speaker 1: really bad land. And UM. That was under the leadership 227 00:12:41,440 --> 00:12:46,960 Speaker 1: of General Louis or Louis or Louis both a first 228 00:12:46,960 --> 00:12:49,920 Speaker 1: Prime Minister of South Africa, and the Native Lands Act 229 00:12:49,920 --> 00:12:52,680 Speaker 1: of nine basically was when they said, you know what, 230 00:12:53,080 --> 00:12:56,640 Speaker 1: We're gonna move all these communities. If we kill you 231 00:12:56,679 --> 00:12:59,040 Speaker 1: along the way or you die, no big deal, if 232 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:01,080 Speaker 1: your whole life is just didn't no big deal. And 233 00:13:01,120 --> 00:13:05,000 Speaker 1: we're essentially going to shove you onto these tiny parcels 234 00:13:05,040 --> 00:13:09,000 Speaker 1: of crappy land. So that began what's called the segregation period. 235 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:13,000 Speaker 1: But you can't go here, this is white land. UM. 236 00:13:13,320 --> 00:13:19,360 Speaker 1: And after during the segregation period between the Nine Lands 237 00:13:19,400 --> 00:13:23,640 Speaker 1: Act in the fifties or UM, a bunch of other 238 00:13:23,679 --> 00:13:27,920 Speaker 1: things happened for the UM the blacks who are who 239 00:13:27,960 --> 00:13:33,800 Speaker 1: came to be called Bantus Indigenous Africans UM. They lost 240 00:13:33,840 --> 00:13:36,840 Speaker 1: the right to vote in the thirties. In the twenties, 241 00:13:36,880 --> 00:13:40,120 Speaker 1: they had lost the right to unionize and basically they're 242 00:13:40,160 --> 00:13:43,640 Speaker 1: just being pushed further and further out of a meaningful 243 00:13:43,679 --> 00:13:47,920 Speaker 1: participation in society. Yeah. They they they tried to hamper 244 00:13:47,960 --> 00:13:51,760 Speaker 1: their access to education even early on, and fired them 245 00:13:51,800 --> 00:13:54,040 Speaker 1: from jobs even if they were totally more skilled than 246 00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:56,760 Speaker 1: a white worker. Yeah, if you were a skilled craftsman 247 00:13:57,240 --> 00:14:00,960 Speaker 1: and you had apprenticed, you couldn't you couldn't carry out 248 00:14:00,960 --> 00:14:03,720 Speaker 1: your craft any longer. But legally they could go in 249 00:14:03,760 --> 00:14:05,240 Speaker 1: and be like, you know what, there's a white guy 250 00:14:05,240 --> 00:14:07,960 Speaker 1: who we think is better for this job, so you're fired. Yeah, 251 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:11,120 Speaker 1: because that was the government, right. Um, and this was 252 00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:14,640 Speaker 1: even before the African or Nationalist Party. This is before 253 00:14:15,200 --> 00:14:20,640 Speaker 1: apartheid officially. That didn't come around until Wayne Again, with 254 00:14:20,680 --> 00:14:22,680 Speaker 1: an all white government that had been in power for 255 00:14:22,760 --> 00:14:29,120 Speaker 1: thirty five years. This extreme right wing, basically a fringe movement, 256 00:14:29,160 --> 00:14:33,600 Speaker 1: the Afrikaan or Nationalist Movement, came to power and they 257 00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:37,520 Speaker 1: officially instituted what we call apartheid. There are apartheid policy 258 00:14:37,560 --> 00:14:40,920 Speaker 1: starting in ninety eight, but really kicking off in nineteen 259 00:14:40,960 --> 00:14:44,400 Speaker 1: fifty with the what the Population Registration Act, right, Yeah, 260 00:14:44,400 --> 00:14:47,760 Speaker 1: and this was under Prime Minister DF Malin at the time, 261 00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:52,440 Speaker 1: and with the Population and Registration Act is when they 262 00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:55,640 Speaker 1: created officially the Bantu like you said, and named the 263 00:14:55,680 --> 00:14:59,240 Speaker 1: indigenous black population. Uh. There. So there's Bantou, there's white, 264 00:14:59,760 --> 00:15:03,160 Speaker 1: and and there's colored, which is mixed race, and you 265 00:15:03,200 --> 00:15:07,480 Speaker 1: have to register yourself and be legally classified as one 266 00:15:07,560 --> 00:15:11,360 Speaker 1: of these three races. Everyone was everybody. If you're white, 267 00:15:11,920 --> 00:15:15,040 Speaker 1: goodness for you, Yeah, because you've got of the land. Yeah. 268 00:15:15,040 --> 00:15:18,920 Speaker 1: If you're Bontu or uh, mixed race, then bad luck 269 00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:21,440 Speaker 1: for you. Right and then um at first Indians were 270 00:15:21,520 --> 00:15:23,800 Speaker 1: left out and Indians, I guess because it was a 271 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:27,200 Speaker 1: British colony, uh, since India was also a British colony. 272 00:15:27,560 --> 00:15:30,280 Speaker 1: South Africa was kind of a place to be force 273 00:15:30,440 --> 00:15:33,680 Speaker 1: for Indians, including Gandhi, who was one of the early 274 00:15:33,800 --> 00:15:38,120 Speaker 1: protesters of the segregationist idea um and was imprisoned for 275 00:15:38,160 --> 00:15:41,680 Speaker 1: I think twenty years in South Africa. Yeah, he was, 276 00:15:41,920 --> 00:15:44,480 Speaker 1: or he was imprisoned while he was there for twenty years. 277 00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:47,720 Speaker 1: He spent part of it in prison for protesting segregation 278 00:15:48,360 --> 00:15:52,920 Speaker 1: of course. But then so ultimately Indians were excluded as foreigners. 279 00:15:52,920 --> 00:15:57,680 Speaker 1: But then just to keep problems from happenings, to keep 280 00:15:57,680 --> 00:16:02,600 Speaker 1: the bureaucracy going, they were added as a fourth race. Um, 281 00:16:02,680 --> 00:16:05,240 Speaker 1: you could not get married between races. If you were 282 00:16:05,840 --> 00:16:08,120 Speaker 1: Bantu and loved with someone of mixed race, you couldn't 283 00:16:08,120 --> 00:16:12,200 Speaker 1: even marry them. Very restrictive. And then next came another 284 00:16:12,240 --> 00:16:16,120 Speaker 1: act called the Group Areas Act, and this really escalated 285 00:16:16,120 --> 00:16:21,560 Speaker 1: the segregation um because now you needed past books essentially 286 00:16:21,600 --> 00:16:25,280 Speaker 1: passports to go from one area to another. Some you 287 00:16:25,280 --> 00:16:29,800 Speaker 1: weren't even allowed in. And um that even went further 288 00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:34,080 Speaker 1: in the Bantu Homelands Homelands Act of ninety one, which 289 00:16:34,120 --> 00:16:38,880 Speaker 1: basically said, you know what, wherever your your area is 290 00:16:39,040 --> 00:16:41,640 Speaker 1: in South Africa, that is now your homeland. And you're 291 00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:44,600 Speaker 1: not even South African anymore. Yeah, if you're if you're 292 00:16:44,600 --> 00:16:46,640 Speaker 1: bannt to you live in this area. If you're a 293 00:16:46,640 --> 00:16:50,520 Speaker 1: banned too married to a colored person, the your colored 294 00:16:50,520 --> 00:16:53,280 Speaker 1: spouse lives in a different area. Yeah, your family's just 295 00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:55,840 Speaker 1: ripped apart. Now, well they took away. Basically they said, 296 00:16:55,840 --> 00:16:58,480 Speaker 1: you're not in South Africa. You're and we're allowing you 297 00:16:58,520 --> 00:17:00,880 Speaker 1: to stay here. Basically if you stay in this one 298 00:17:00,920 --> 00:17:03,480 Speaker 1: area that your past book says that you can stay in, right, 299 00:17:03,560 --> 00:17:05,960 Speaker 1: because you can't stay here because you're not alone, you're 300 00:17:05,960 --> 00:17:09,399 Speaker 1: no longer a member of this country. Believable, Like I 301 00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:12,440 Speaker 1: drew exclamation points next to that one, just because like 302 00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:17,880 Speaker 1: they literally moved in, took over these people and then said, 303 00:17:17,920 --> 00:17:19,919 Speaker 1: you're not even a part of this country right that 304 00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:23,920 Speaker 1: we have established. So they have they've been pushed out 305 00:17:23,920 --> 00:17:28,359 Speaker 1: of participation in society. The um. Anybody who's not white, 306 00:17:28,920 --> 00:17:33,639 Speaker 1: Um is now forced onto a reservation essentially. Um. And 307 00:17:33,680 --> 00:17:38,000 Speaker 1: then they really kind of started indoctrinating the next generation 308 00:17:38,080 --> 00:17:40,960 Speaker 1: with the Ban to Education Act of nineteen fifty three. 309 00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:43,520 Speaker 1: And basically if you were banned too, you would be 310 00:17:43,560 --> 00:17:45,760 Speaker 1: put into a school where the student teacher ratio was 311 00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:48,200 Speaker 1: about fifty six to one on average. You went to 312 00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:51,880 Speaker 1: school three hours a day. Um they did in two shifts. 313 00:17:51,760 --> 00:17:54,920 Speaker 1: A teacher would see two different classes, Um, three hours 314 00:17:55,240 --> 00:17:57,200 Speaker 1: for one and three hours for another, and you would 315 00:17:57,240 --> 00:18:00,800 Speaker 1: be taught basically how um they the history of your 316 00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:03,879 Speaker 1: people was that you were you were kind of dumb 317 00:18:04,080 --> 00:18:06,520 Speaker 1: and meandering, and you hadn't really done anything with the 318 00:18:06,600 --> 00:18:10,359 Speaker 1: land before and um, how you were reliant on the 319 00:18:10,520 --> 00:18:14,280 Speaker 1: white people who came to rescue you and your people. Um. 320 00:18:14,320 --> 00:18:16,960 Speaker 1: You were taught how you could work in a factory. 321 00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:19,800 Speaker 1: And that's about as good as it got for you. Um. 322 00:18:19,840 --> 00:18:23,720 Speaker 1: And basically they were taught to be servile and better 323 00:18:23,960 --> 00:18:28,919 Speaker 1: servants to the the white um afrikanners. Yeah. Well that 324 00:18:28,960 --> 00:18:32,639 Speaker 1: was the plan at least, but it backfired because in 325 00:18:32,680 --> 00:18:36,320 Speaker 1: the nineteen fifties and sixties, instead of becoming more docile, 326 00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:44,440 Speaker 1: they rallied and became uh more upset uh and basically 327 00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:47,680 Speaker 1: he raged against the machine. In the nineteen fifties and sixties, 328 00:18:47,680 --> 00:18:51,120 Speaker 1: at the same time that the U s Civil rights 329 00:18:51,200 --> 00:18:53,159 Speaker 1: movement was going on, the same thing was kind of 330 00:18:53,160 --> 00:18:56,320 Speaker 1: starting to happen in South Africa, and it was the 331 00:18:56,359 --> 00:19:00,520 Speaker 1: beginning of what would be you know, thirty years end 332 00:19:00,720 --> 00:19:04,800 Speaker 1: of apartheid. Yeah, I guess you could say, yeah, um 333 00:19:04,800 --> 00:19:08,080 Speaker 1: people got mad, yeah, and rightly so. Yeah. And this 334 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:12,640 Speaker 1: wasn't just uh indigenous people. There were also white liberals 335 00:19:12,760 --> 00:19:15,240 Speaker 1: at the time, just like here in the US, that 336 00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:20,200 Speaker 1: were very much against apartheid and also you know suppressed 337 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:23,119 Speaker 1: when they tried to like you know, raise awareness or 338 00:19:23,200 --> 00:19:25,840 Speaker 1: fight back. Right because one of the things about um, 339 00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:31,920 Speaker 1: the apartheid government, it wasn't just racial segregation. Um. They were, 340 00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:34,400 Speaker 1: like I said, extremely right wing and they were very 341 00:19:34,480 --> 00:19:40,240 Speaker 1: much into isolationism. They kept a very tight control over 342 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:45,360 Speaker 1: what their their population, white or non white, UM had 343 00:19:45,359 --> 00:19:48,399 Speaker 1: access to as far as the news went music music. 344 00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:52,000 Speaker 1: Have you seen searching for sugar Man. It's a good one, UM, 345 00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:55,359 Speaker 1: and it was you saw what they did with like 346 00:19:55,400 --> 00:19:57,520 Speaker 1: there was a record on there was a song on 347 00:19:57,600 --> 00:20:01,720 Speaker 1: his record Rodriguez yea and m. He scratched the song 348 00:20:01,800 --> 00:20:04,439 Speaker 1: the vinyl so they couldn't be played. They did stuff 349 00:20:04,480 --> 00:20:09,480 Speaker 1: like that. UM just won the Academy Award. And we 350 00:20:09,480 --> 00:20:11,399 Speaker 1: don't want to spoil anything though, because it unfolds in 351 00:20:11,440 --> 00:20:14,280 Speaker 1: a really great, mysterious way. It's good. It's a good documents, 352 00:20:14,320 --> 00:20:18,879 Speaker 1: great documentary, and that's what inspired this decision to do this. Actually, right, UM, 353 00:20:18,960 --> 00:20:22,760 Speaker 1: So the government was fairly close to total terrian, Like 354 00:20:22,800 --> 00:20:27,439 Speaker 1: if you descended against the government, white, black, otherwise you 355 00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:31,320 Speaker 1: would go to jail. UM. But despite this, and despite 356 00:20:31,359 --> 00:20:35,960 Speaker 1: the brutality that the police were engaged in, like UM 357 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:38,080 Speaker 1: there was a for example, there was a strike in 358 00:20:39,760 --> 00:20:44,560 Speaker 1: v Unarmed black miners went on strike, peaceful protest. A 359 00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:47,640 Speaker 1: thousand people were killed by the police. Yeah, they would 360 00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:52,040 Speaker 1: just open fire on crowds. Yeah. So this is right, 361 00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:54,520 Speaker 1: and this is one of the reasons why UM, I 362 00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:59,880 Speaker 1: think people were so so resistant to being indoctrinated into 363 00:20:59,880 --> 00:21:04,359 Speaker 1: apartheid mentality. Um because of the in part because of 364 00:21:04,400 --> 00:21:07,640 Speaker 1: the brutality of the police tactics. But so let's talk 365 00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:11,160 Speaker 1: about this UM. In the sixties, Uh, like you were saying, 366 00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:13,840 Speaker 1: when the U s Civil rights movement was was really 367 00:21:13,880 --> 00:21:18,600 Speaker 1: starting to brew and and take shape, UM, Nelson Mandela 368 00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:23,720 Speaker 1: emerged as a member of the African National Congress, huge organization, 369 00:21:24,040 --> 00:21:27,880 Speaker 1: and then there was also the Pan African Pan Africanist Congress, 370 00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:32,200 Speaker 1: and they were basically peaceful protest groups that were set 371 00:21:32,280 --> 00:21:36,560 Speaker 1: up to counter the apartheid philosophy. Yeah, and like we said, 372 00:21:36,560 --> 00:21:39,200 Speaker 1: even though it was peaceful, it didn't matter. The Sharps 373 00:21:39,440 --> 00:21:44,159 Speaker 1: Sharpville massacre in nineteen sixty thousand black Africans left their 374 00:21:44,160 --> 00:21:46,200 Speaker 1: pass books at home and said, you know what, We're 375 00:21:46,200 --> 00:21:48,520 Speaker 1: just gonna go to the police station and turn ourselves 376 00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:50,840 Speaker 1: in because we don't have our pass books. What are 377 00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:53,680 Speaker 1: you gonna do processes all. No, they're gonna open fire 378 00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:59,400 Speaker 1: on the crowd, killed sixty nine people, uh, wounded hundreds apparently. 379 00:22:00,160 --> 00:22:01,680 Speaker 1: And then they said, you know what, We're going to 380 00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:05,600 Speaker 1: ban public gatherings then, and they also banned the African 381 00:22:05,680 --> 00:22:08,919 Speaker 1: National Congress in the Pan Africans like, you're all illegitimate 382 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:12,160 Speaker 1: now and Nelson Mandela, you're going to jail, not yet 383 00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:15,639 Speaker 1: now yet they drove the Pan Africanist Congress in the 384 00:22:15,680 --> 00:22:18,879 Speaker 1: African he went to jail, right, but in nineteen sixty 385 00:22:18,880 --> 00:22:22,760 Speaker 1: they drove him underground. And as a result, these groups 386 00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:27,679 Speaker 1: went from being peaceful to becoming actually they formed paramilitary 387 00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:33,680 Speaker 1: wings and Mandela um led the African National Congresses guerilla wing. 388 00:22:34,359 --> 00:22:38,160 Speaker 1: And he actually later on said, yeah, we were we 389 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:41,240 Speaker 1: were guerillas and possibly terrorists, and like there were human 390 00:22:41,320 --> 00:22:44,639 Speaker 1: rights violations by my group and I regret that. Yeah, 391 00:22:44,720 --> 00:22:47,560 Speaker 1: but they were good theroists right. Um, but he was 392 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:50,160 Speaker 1: jailed for for uh, we'll send it to a life 393 00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:52,520 Speaker 1: in prison and remain in prison for thirty years. And 394 00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:56,679 Speaker 1: most people, unless you're super young, remember Nelson Mandela for 395 00:22:56,840 --> 00:23:01,360 Speaker 1: Nelson Mandela being a rallying cry up until like freaking eighties, 396 00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:03,840 Speaker 1: which is ridiculous that this is still going on then, 397 00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:09,080 Speaker 1: but um, that's the way it went. There. Um another protest, 398 00:23:09,400 --> 00:23:13,719 Speaker 1: peaceful Soweto. Um. This time it was students and it 399 00:23:13,760 --> 00:23:17,240 Speaker 1: was because they were trying to make Afrikaans the primary 400 00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:20,320 Speaker 1: language in Black upper schools, even though not many of 401 00:23:20,359 --> 00:23:24,240 Speaker 1: them even spoke it. So what good is that? So 402 00:23:24,280 --> 00:23:27,720 Speaker 1: they went to protest this and against open fire. Two 403 00:23:27,800 --> 00:23:30,640 Speaker 1: children were killed this time and it started a bunch 404 00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:34,000 Speaker 1: of riots and in the end three thousand people up 405 00:23:34,040 --> 00:23:37,720 Speaker 1: to three thousand says between five seventy five and three thousand, 406 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:41,119 Speaker 1: probably depends on who you're asking. Uh, we're killed by 407 00:23:41,160 --> 00:23:45,600 Speaker 1: the police. Um. And again just following the same script 408 00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:47,800 Speaker 1: that they did with sharp Ville in nineteen sixty, the 409 00:23:47,880 --> 00:23:51,919 Speaker 1: government said all right, all any distent groups are completely banned, 410 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:55,040 Speaker 1: you know, outright um, and then included the South African 411 00:23:55,080 --> 00:23:58,399 Speaker 1: Students Organization led by a guy named Steve Ico. And 412 00:23:58,440 --> 00:24:01,440 Speaker 1: Steve Ico had he was medical student. He was like thirty, 413 00:24:01,480 --> 00:24:04,520 Speaker 1: I think when he died. UM. He had found what 414 00:24:04,600 --> 00:24:07,760 Speaker 1: was called the Black Consciousness movement and it was basically like, uh, 415 00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:12,600 Speaker 1: it was teaching African self worth, countering everything that was 416 00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:15,400 Speaker 1: taught through the Bantu Education Act and everything you learned 417 00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:19,720 Speaker 1: in school, UM, African self reliance, economic self reliance, UM. 418 00:24:19,800 --> 00:24:21,960 Speaker 1: And it had spread outside of Africa. He was a 419 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:24,760 Speaker 1: pretty big figure and he was pulled over with the 420 00:24:24,760 --> 00:24:28,960 Speaker 1: Buddy and a bunch of um Anti apartheid UH pamphlets, 421 00:24:29,640 --> 00:24:33,360 Speaker 1: and the police arrested him. They beat him, they left 422 00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:35,800 Speaker 1: him with the head wound, and he died of his injuries. 423 00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:41,080 Speaker 1: Um and when Steve Ico died that was that changed everything. Yeah, 424 00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:45,560 Speaker 1: he was detained under the Terrorism Act nineteen sixty seven, 425 00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:49,480 Speaker 1: which basically said, if we suspect you being a terrorist, 426 00:24:49,960 --> 00:24:53,280 Speaker 1: we can detain you for up to sixty days, and 427 00:24:53,320 --> 00:24:55,880 Speaker 1: then we can renew that sixty days, by the way, 428 00:24:55,920 --> 00:25:00,359 Speaker 1: indefinitely without telling anyone, without releasing who's there. And it 429 00:25:00,400 --> 00:25:03,080 Speaker 1: was basically a way to make the people disappear. Usually 430 00:25:03,080 --> 00:25:05,280 Speaker 1: if you were detained under this act, you were never 431 00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:09,399 Speaker 1: heard from again. And Ico eventually found himself in a 432 00:25:09,480 --> 00:25:14,120 Speaker 1: coma and UH because of torture. And then eventually they said, 433 00:25:14,160 --> 00:25:15,919 Speaker 1: after about three weeks, you know, we should probably take 434 00:25:15,920 --> 00:25:18,720 Speaker 1: the guy to a prison with a hospital at least. 435 00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:20,919 Speaker 1: So they threw his naked body in the back of 436 00:25:20,960 --> 00:25:23,520 Speaker 1: a truck to take him to a hospital and he died. 437 00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:26,800 Speaker 1: They said it was a hunger strike. It was actually 438 00:25:26,840 --> 00:25:31,320 Speaker 1: brain hemorrhage from being beaten upside the head. And years 439 00:25:31,400 --> 00:25:35,360 Speaker 1: later Denzel Washington would play him and cry freedom, and 440 00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:39,320 Speaker 1: Peter Gabriel wrote the awesome song Ko and Um Tribe 441 00:25:39,320 --> 00:25:45,520 Speaker 1: called quest has Um Steve Beco song. Yeah, stir it up. Yeah. Um, 442 00:25:45,720 --> 00:25:51,119 Speaker 1: so the Souto uprising, the and the police killings of 443 00:25:51,119 --> 00:25:54,679 Speaker 1: those two children, UH was followed right on the heels 444 00:25:54,720 --> 00:25:57,959 Speaker 1: by Steve Beco's death, which was a big deal, like 445 00:25:58,040 --> 00:26:00,879 Speaker 1: around the world. Yeah, it was the UM the US 446 00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:04,080 Speaker 1: ambassadors South Africa, I think and probably was a huge 447 00:26:04,400 --> 00:26:10,000 Speaker 1: protest move went to Steve Beco's funeral. Um there was Yeah, 448 00:26:10,040 --> 00:26:12,440 Speaker 1: Steve Beco dying was that was a big deal. Yeah, 449 00:26:12,480 --> 00:26:15,480 Speaker 1: and we should shout out to Helen Susman, shout out. 450 00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:19,840 Speaker 1: She was the one voice of reason uh in South 451 00:26:19,880 --> 00:26:22,840 Speaker 1: Africa's all white parliament. She was the one voice anti 452 00:26:22,880 --> 00:26:25,560 Speaker 1: apartheid voice. And she was like if you look her 453 00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:27,520 Speaker 1: up today, mean, she's an amazing, amazing woman. She just 454 00:26:27,600 --> 00:26:30,359 Speaker 1: died a few years ago, but she was at the 455 00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:34,199 Speaker 1: funeral and um, yeah, this is when it became like 456 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:36,480 Speaker 1: a thing around the world like hate. You know what, 457 00:26:37,280 --> 00:26:41,000 Speaker 1: We're gonna start pulling our embassies out of South Africa, 458 00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:46,720 Speaker 1: We're gonna start boycotting UH sanctions against South Africa economic sanctions. 459 00:26:47,400 --> 00:26:50,520 Speaker 1: And this was happening with the United States Great Britain, 460 00:26:50,560 --> 00:26:55,280 Speaker 1: other Western nations, and basically South Africa became you know, 461 00:26:56,080 --> 00:26:59,680 Speaker 1: the evil Empire, like exposed. It was pretty cool by 462 00:26:59,720 --> 00:27:03,600 Speaker 1: the by. Finally, in nine six the US Congress got 463 00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:07,119 Speaker 1: its act together enough to pass the Comprehensive Anti Apartheid Act, 464 00:27:07,840 --> 00:27:11,800 Speaker 1: and it banned any new investment, UM, any new business 465 00:27:11,840 --> 00:27:15,280 Speaker 1: setting up and dealing in trade with South Africa. Um. 466 00:27:15,320 --> 00:27:18,159 Speaker 1: South Africa was banned from doing business here in the 467 00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:20,680 Speaker 1: U S. So South African airlines couldn't land at any 468 00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:25,159 Speaker 1: US airport. Um. Yeah, big time. The rand fell in 469 00:27:25,280 --> 00:27:28,440 Speaker 1: value is a big deal. Um. And Reagan vetoed it actually, 470 00:27:28,520 --> 00:27:31,800 Speaker 1: and his veto was overridden by Congress. That's how that's 471 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:34,520 Speaker 1: how much, that's how badly they wanted to do it. Um. 472 00:27:34,560 --> 00:27:36,320 Speaker 1: And it was a very important thing. This was right 473 00:27:36,359 --> 00:27:39,080 Speaker 1: in the middle of Um. This is like when we 474 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:41,840 Speaker 1: were kids. You remember that, like that that Keith Hearing 475 00:27:42,040 --> 00:27:46,520 Speaker 1: um poster from South Africa. Um. There was like the 476 00:27:46,720 --> 00:27:50,919 Speaker 1: income place, Sun City, remember that one. Yeah, it was 477 00:27:50,960 --> 00:27:52,879 Speaker 1: a there was a it was a big deal. The 478 00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:56,080 Speaker 1: whole world was opposed to South Africa. UM. There was 479 00:27:56,119 --> 00:27:59,200 Speaker 1: this great thing called divestment that actually may have really 480 00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:03,080 Speaker 1: been a thing that killed apartheid in South Africa was 481 00:28:03,119 --> 00:28:06,840 Speaker 1: the deal. So divestment is and it's going on now. 482 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:11,359 Speaker 1: But um, with apartheid, it was basically where people like 483 00:28:11,640 --> 00:28:14,600 Speaker 1: it started with colleges. Colleges have huge endowments that are 484 00:28:14,760 --> 00:28:17,639 Speaker 1: heavily invested in all sorts of stuff. And they said, 485 00:28:17,680 --> 00:28:20,000 Speaker 1: you know what, we're not going to invest in anything 486 00:28:20,040 --> 00:28:22,880 Speaker 1: that has anything to do with South Africa anymore. Coca Cola, 487 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:25,040 Speaker 1: if you're doing business in South Africa, we're not gonna 488 00:28:25,040 --> 00:28:29,480 Speaker 1: invest in any whoever. Um. And so they divested rather 489 00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:32,239 Speaker 1: than invested. They got all their money out and a 490 00:28:32,280 --> 00:28:35,399 Speaker 1: lot of university a lot of universities did this, and 491 00:28:35,400 --> 00:28:37,159 Speaker 1: they did it at the prompting and some of their students, 492 00:28:37,240 --> 00:28:41,680 Speaker 1: like in Harvard, they the students erected a shaneytown to 493 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:44,920 Speaker 1: show what the people who lived in the towns in 494 00:28:44,960 --> 00:28:47,800 Speaker 1: South Africa were living like. And and got all these 495 00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:51,880 Speaker 1: endowments to to start divesting. And I think uh CAL 496 00:28:52,480 --> 00:28:55,360 Speaker 1: had the biggest one. They divested three billion dollars from 497 00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:58,800 Speaker 1: the South African economy. And um, they think that that 498 00:28:58,880 --> 00:29:02,480 Speaker 1: was the thing that really like like open the bleeding 499 00:29:02,720 --> 00:29:06,320 Speaker 1: go bears. Yeah, So, um, this divestment combined with this 500 00:29:06,520 --> 00:29:11,360 Speaker 1: international political pressure all over the world, and South Africa 501 00:29:11,440 --> 00:29:14,320 Speaker 1: still says, go to hell, we're not getting rid of 502 00:29:14,360 --> 00:29:19,400 Speaker 1: apartheime for years still and yeah, and then finally it 503 00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:22,920 Speaker 1: was what, uh, well, nineteen eighty nine is when the 504 00:29:22,920 --> 00:29:25,560 Speaker 1: big turning point came. That's when F. W. De Clerk 505 00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:30,440 Speaker 1: became president of apartheid South Africa. And between eighty nine 506 00:29:30,480 --> 00:29:33,040 Speaker 1: and ninety three is when he basically repealed everything on 507 00:29:33,080 --> 00:29:36,480 Speaker 1: the books and said this is going in a different direction. 508 00:29:36,480 --> 00:29:40,960 Speaker 1: Now let's release Nelson Mandela. And in fact, when we 509 00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:45,479 Speaker 1: have our first democratic election in nineteen Nelson Mandela wins. 510 00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:50,840 Speaker 1: So what a great ending to that story. And uh, 511 00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:56,760 Speaker 1: despite being in prison for thirty years. Uh. On May tenth, 512 00:29:57,880 --> 00:30:02,720 Speaker 1: when Mandela was giving his his speech, he's closed by 513 00:30:02,760 --> 00:30:06,480 Speaker 1: speaking in Afrikaans. This isn't his inaugurations. Yeah, which is 514 00:30:06,520 --> 00:30:08,680 Speaker 1: like the fact that even spoken that tongue. To me, 515 00:30:08,720 --> 00:30:10,880 Speaker 1: it says a lot about the man. And he said, 516 00:30:11,040 --> 00:30:15,440 Speaker 1: what what has past has past? And here's a Nobel 517 00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:18,720 Speaker 1: Peace prize. Mr Mandela and Mr di Clerk, like you 518 00:30:18,760 --> 00:30:22,400 Speaker 1: both get it in and I like the article pointed 519 00:30:22,400 --> 00:30:26,400 Speaker 1: out it was a shockingly peaceful transition. Uh. And I'm 520 00:30:26,440 --> 00:30:30,240 Speaker 1: sure there are still many many more years that are 521 00:30:30,320 --> 00:30:33,200 Speaker 1: needed for the healing. Uh. You don't get over or 522 00:30:33,280 --> 00:30:35,680 Speaker 1: something like that overnight if it's been hundreds of years. 523 00:30:36,240 --> 00:30:38,080 Speaker 1: But um, I think things are definitely headed in the 524 00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:40,000 Speaker 1: right direction now. Yeah. Well, one of the things that 525 00:30:40,040 --> 00:30:42,560 Speaker 1: they did was they set up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 526 00:30:42,560 --> 00:30:46,760 Speaker 1: which is like basically a tribunal that heard um stories 527 00:30:46,800 --> 00:30:49,400 Speaker 1: of human rights violations that gave victims a voice to 528 00:30:49,480 --> 00:30:52,239 Speaker 1: say it in public, like this happened to me. Um. 529 00:30:52,320 --> 00:30:56,360 Speaker 1: In some instances, people who perpetrated these could be prosecuted. 530 00:30:56,600 --> 00:31:00,320 Speaker 1: They could also be forgiven publicly by this court, this tribunal. Um. 531 00:31:00,360 --> 00:31:02,040 Speaker 1: It was a really good move to like kind of 532 00:31:02,080 --> 00:31:04,800 Speaker 1: help this national healing because yeah, all of a sudden, 533 00:31:05,280 --> 00:31:09,440 Speaker 1: Apartheid's gone over a four year period. But I mean 534 00:31:09,480 --> 00:31:11,080 Speaker 1: there was a lot of people who were kind of 535 00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:13,480 Speaker 1: into that and they did a lot of stuff and 536 00:31:13,520 --> 00:31:15,640 Speaker 1: they're not protected by the government anymore, and like a 537 00:31:15,680 --> 00:31:17,520 Speaker 1: lot of bad things happened to a lot of people 538 00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:20,040 Speaker 1: are still alive, Like what do you do? Uh? And 539 00:31:20,080 --> 00:31:22,960 Speaker 1: I think that was a really good move to to 540 00:31:23,120 --> 00:31:25,880 Speaker 1: move not just the government but also the society to 541 00:31:26,200 --> 00:31:30,320 Speaker 1: post apartheid um life. Yeah, I'd like to hear from 542 00:31:30,360 --> 00:31:32,920 Speaker 1: people in South Africa about the state of things today. 543 00:31:33,360 --> 00:31:37,160 Speaker 1: And watch Searching for Sugar Man. People. It's really like, 544 00:31:37,640 --> 00:31:41,160 Speaker 1: through this great story of music encapsulates this whole time 545 00:31:41,200 --> 00:31:44,440 Speaker 1: period really really well. Right and then, uh, I guess 546 00:31:44,520 --> 00:31:48,200 Speaker 1: ever since the Aliens landed over Johannesburg, that's kind of 547 00:31:48,240 --> 00:31:50,600 Speaker 1: taken up a lot of their a lot of their attention. 548 00:31:51,800 --> 00:31:55,560 Speaker 1: District nine, Yeah, which was really based on apartheid pretty 549 00:31:55,600 --> 00:32:00,840 Speaker 1: much wasn't What was that the inspiration for them? That 550 00:32:00,920 --> 00:32:03,600 Speaker 1: was a good movie. Yeah, so watch that, watch District nine, 551 00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:07,560 Speaker 1: Searching for Sugarman, and watch Cry Freedom and go listen 552 00:32:07,560 --> 00:32:10,800 Speaker 1: to Tribe called Quest. Peter Gabriel, I haven't even I 553 00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:15,240 Speaker 1: have not listened or seen the Rugby movie yet. Morgan 554 00:32:15,280 --> 00:32:22,240 Speaker 1: Freeman place Mandela with Damon. Yeah, what is it? Invictus? Yeah? Yeah, 555 00:32:22,280 --> 00:32:25,080 Speaker 1: I need I need to see now. Uh, okay, let's 556 00:32:25,080 --> 00:32:29,040 Speaker 1: sit for apartheid hunt goodness? Uh do you want to do? 557 00:32:29,320 --> 00:32:31,680 Speaker 1: H A word from our sponsor? Yeah, we got listener 558 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:35,120 Speaker 1: mail coming up, but work from our sponsor first. So 559 00:32:35,240 --> 00:32:40,160 Speaker 1: now it's time for listener mail, right, that's right, Josh, 560 00:32:40,160 --> 00:32:44,640 Speaker 1: I'm gonna call this surfs up. I just listened to 561 00:32:44,680 --> 00:32:47,760 Speaker 1: how surfing works as someone who serves three hundred days 562 00:32:47,800 --> 00:32:50,440 Speaker 1: a year all over the world and teaches surfing for 563 00:32:50,480 --> 00:32:52,160 Speaker 1: a living. I just wanted to say that you guys 564 00:32:52,160 --> 00:32:54,600 Speaker 1: did an excellent job for two guys who don't surf 565 00:32:54,600 --> 00:32:57,200 Speaker 1: in a very limited experience with it. Your definitions and 566 00:32:57,200 --> 00:32:59,840 Speaker 1: descriptions were pretty much spot on, and I would have 567 00:32:59,840 --> 00:33:02,600 Speaker 1: to agree with you Chuck that it is very difficult 568 00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:05,200 Speaker 1: to learn. It has one of the slowest, most miserable 569 00:33:05,280 --> 00:33:07,760 Speaker 1: learning curves of any sport. I always tell people that 570 00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:10,520 Speaker 1: if you don't enjoy sucking at it, then you won't 571 00:33:10,600 --> 00:33:16,880 Speaker 1: enjoy surfing. So quickly. Did you surf on your vacation? Yeah? 572 00:33:16,920 --> 00:33:19,320 Speaker 1: I did? Then how did you Dot waiting to ask 573 00:33:19,320 --> 00:33:21,480 Speaker 1: I got up? You me was watching from the shore 574 00:33:21,520 --> 00:33:24,080 Speaker 1: and she agrees, um that I did get up at 575 00:33:24,160 --> 00:33:27,640 Speaker 1: least once possible. She says, possibly twice, But I, um, 576 00:33:28,680 --> 00:33:32,000 Speaker 1: I only stand by one, and by by get up, 577 00:33:32,120 --> 00:33:36,360 Speaker 1: I mean I was virtually crouching and then fell off 578 00:33:36,400 --> 00:33:38,760 Speaker 1: after like five seconds. And how many days did you 579 00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:40,880 Speaker 1: try it? I just one and I didn't even I 580 00:33:41,200 --> 00:33:43,280 Speaker 1: didn't even take a lesson. Okay, you just went out there, 581 00:33:43,400 --> 00:33:47,160 Speaker 1: do you know how well? Our podcast exactly. Yeah, that's 582 00:33:47,160 --> 00:33:48,680 Speaker 1: how I figured out how to do it. I did 583 00:33:48,880 --> 00:33:51,560 Speaker 1: kind of, but um, I remember we were talking about 584 00:33:51,560 --> 00:33:53,480 Speaker 1: how it's very easy to like get on your hands 585 00:33:53,480 --> 00:33:55,360 Speaker 1: and knees and then get up, but you don't want 586 00:33:55,400 --> 00:33:58,560 Speaker 1: to learn that technique. That's that's what I learned. Yeah, 587 00:33:59,240 --> 00:34:01,400 Speaker 1: you gotta call before you can walk exactly. Also I 588 00:34:01,400 --> 00:34:03,240 Speaker 1: should clear up that in general, learning to surf on 589 00:34:03,280 --> 00:34:06,960 Speaker 1: a longboard is usually preferred, as he catch waves easier 590 00:34:06,960 --> 00:34:08,799 Speaker 1: and you're easier to stand up on them a short board. 591 00:34:09,880 --> 00:34:12,040 Speaker 1: But being that catching a wave is the hardest part 592 00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:15,279 Speaker 1: for beginners, you're usually better off learning that way. Did 593 00:34:15,280 --> 00:34:19,440 Speaker 1: you have a short board? Uh? Yeah, it was shortish shortage. Yeah, 594 00:34:19,480 --> 00:34:22,440 Speaker 1: it definitely wasn't a long board. They turn easier, but 595 00:34:22,480 --> 00:34:24,360 Speaker 1: turning his pointless if you can't catch the wave in 596 00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:27,680 Speaker 1: the first first place. So yeah, there was no turning 597 00:34:27,719 --> 00:34:31,200 Speaker 1: going on. Yeah, it was surf riding. Surf riding anyway. 598 00:34:31,200 --> 00:34:32,840 Speaker 1: I just want to say, good job guys. I'll be 599 00:34:32,880 --> 00:34:35,359 Speaker 1: teaching surfing all summer in Southampton, New York. If you're 600 00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:37,440 Speaker 1: up in New York this summer, hit me up. I'll 601 00:34:37,480 --> 00:34:40,200 Speaker 1: take you out for surf and that is Miles from 602 00:34:40,200 --> 00:34:44,120 Speaker 1: Santa Cruz. PS. Big Wednesday is the best movie ever. 603 00:34:44,480 --> 00:34:49,239 Speaker 1: Of course you think that because that's what surf first did. Um, 604 00:34:49,520 --> 00:34:52,840 Speaker 1: that's nice, Miles three days a year. Can you believe 605 00:34:52,880 --> 00:34:55,080 Speaker 1: that he's sounds like Miles has got a pretty decent 606 00:34:55,080 --> 00:34:57,080 Speaker 1: life if he's living in Santa Cruz and then teaching 607 00:34:57,080 --> 00:35:00,080 Speaker 1: in New York in the summers. Yeah. Um, thank for 608 00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:02,840 Speaker 1: running in, Miles. If you are an expert or you 609 00:35:02,960 --> 00:35:05,759 Speaker 1: do something that we've talked about three d days a year, 610 00:35:05,800 --> 00:35:07,440 Speaker 1: we want to hear from you because that pretty much 611 00:35:07,440 --> 00:35:10,600 Speaker 1: makes you an expert. Um. You can tweet to us 612 00:35:10,680 --> 00:35:13,560 Speaker 1: at s y s K podcast. You can join us 613 00:35:14,200 --> 00:35:16,799 Speaker 1: at Facebook dot com, slash stuff you Should Know. You 614 00:35:16,920 --> 00:35:22,840 Speaker 1: can send us a an email right in to Stuff 615 00:35:22,880 --> 00:35:25,640 Speaker 1: Podcasts at Discovery dot com and check out our website 616 00:35:26,520 --> 00:35:35,640 Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know dot com for more on this 617 00:35:35,800 --> 00:35:38,320 Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics. 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