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Speaker 1: From Mediator's World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is

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Speaker 1: Kel's we Can Review with Ryan kel Kell and now

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Speaker 1: Here's kel. Your cat may be eating sharks, and if

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Speaker 1: you happen to wear makeup, you may be smearing sharks

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Speaker 1: on your face, which isn't good news for sharks, but

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Speaker 1: it could be a fun fact to keep in mind

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Speaker 1: if you ever get drug into the Broadway show Cats.

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Speaker 1: What's a gettical cut? Study released from stony Brook University

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Speaker 1: in New York used multiplex mini barcode PCR protocol to

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Speaker 1: analyze eight seven pet foods in twenty four different types

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Speaker 1: of cosmetics for traces of shark DNA. That highly technical

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Speaker 1: DNA stuff I just spouted basically says this is a

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Speaker 1: specialized process that allows for tiny bits of beat up

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Speaker 1: d NA be extracted from processed stuff like eyeliner and

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Speaker 1: pet food. If you are wondering why would pet foods

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Speaker 1: and cosmetics be lumped into the same study, It's not

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Speaker 1: because feline lovers are make up heavy. It's because shark

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Speaker 1: liver oil is a common ingredient in some cosmetics, apparently

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Speaker 1: a great moisturizer, and the shark meat not destined for

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Speaker 1: human consumption markets is sold to some pet food manufacturers.

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Speaker 1: The Stony Brook study was aimed at identifying exactly what

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Speaker 1: sharks made it into pet food and face products. As

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Speaker 1: seafood fraud is something that we have covered on the

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Speaker 1: Weeken Review multiple times, it should be no surprise to

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Speaker 1: you that identifying a piece of fish by its label

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Speaker 1: at the market may not be the most accurate. According

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Speaker 1: to doctoral candidate shark biologists and lead researcher Diego Cardinosa,

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Speaker 1: that is also the case when it comes to pet

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Speaker 1: foods and cosmetics. All products tested in this study were

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Speaker 1: not labeled as containing Elasmo branch based ingredients. Alasmo branches

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Speaker 1: are cartilaginous fishes like sharks, raising skates that have five

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Speaker 1: to seven gill openings on each side. Cardoniosa feels that

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Speaker 1: consumers should have the choice between pet foods and cosmetics

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Speaker 1: that do or do not contain shark, especially threatened or

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Speaker 1: endangered ones. For instance, the short fin mako shark has

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Speaker 1: been making its way into cat food. Perhaps not so incidentally,

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Speaker 1: the short fin mako also makoed its way onto the

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Speaker 1: International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Vulnerable list in

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Speaker 1: two thousand nineteen, and just recently, the i u c

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Speaker 1: N updated the short fin mako status to endangered. Quick

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Speaker 1: fun fact for you, the short fin mako is the

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Speaker 1: world's fastest shark, capable of forty two miles prour. It

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Speaker 1: also has one of the largest brained body ratios of

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Speaker 1: all sharks. And just so you know, the world record

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Speaker 1: was caught off of California's Huntington's Beach. That shark weighed

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Speaker 1: one thousand, three darn twenty three pounds and measured twelve

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Speaker 1: point two ft. Real cool critters. Now, if that information

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Speaker 1: makes your brow a bit shiny as you set down

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Speaker 1: the cat chow, don't reach for the moisturizing foundation just yet.

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Speaker 1: The beauty products tested in this study revealed black tip shark,

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Speaker 1: blue shark, and a critically endangered species, the scalloped hammerhead

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Speaker 1: sharks DNA quick side note. I assumed shiny skin was

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Speaker 1: a bad thing, but when I did a quick look

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Speaker 1: into cosmetics, I found that shiny is actually called quote

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Speaker 1: glow and it's a look, or was in two thousand

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Speaker 1: seventeen at least. So if this information is starting to

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Speaker 1: make you glow, listen up. One reason shark meat ends

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Speaker 1: up in pet food is the demand for shark fin

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Speaker 1: as in shark fin soup. The practice of finning, which

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Speaker 1: is literally cutting the fins off of a shark that's

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Speaker 1: been caught and tossing the rest of the shark back

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Speaker 1: in the ocean where it dies, has been identify i

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Speaker 1: not surprisingly, as a major factor in the decimation of

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Speaker 1: what was once the most common hammer head in the

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Speaker 1: Atlantic Ocean. According to the Smithsonian and estimated one million

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Speaker 1: sharks are killed every year. While the cosmetic and pet

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Speaker 1: food industries are not the primary drivers of the shark

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Speaker 1: fishing industry, it may be best to hold off on

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Speaker 1: anything with shark byproducts until we see these species rebound. Additionally,

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Speaker 1: if you are currently feeding pets or beautifying your body

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Speaker 1: with cosmetics, i'd encourage you to write in and ask

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Speaker 1: your brand or brand of choice to leave out the shark.

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Speaker 1: This week, We've got a hunting tragedy, California salmon, emotional

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Speaker 1: support animals, and so much more. But first I'm gonna

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Speaker 1: tell you about my week. I lent out my steel

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Speaker 1: battery power chainsaw to one Mr Janis potell Us who

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Speaker 1: had to have it for some specific ice fishing reason.

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Speaker 1: In Minnesota. He actually flew with it batteries in his

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Speaker 1: carry on and the chainsaw and check baggage. Just thought

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Speaker 1: i'd point out yet an other benefit to having a handy, little,

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Speaker 1: no gas leaking electric saw for those of you who

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Speaker 1: may at some point think I had better fly with

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Speaker 1: the chainsaw. As you know, this podcast is powered by

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Speaker 1: Steel Power Equipment. Why because they're great And speaking of

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Speaker 1: great Janice, but tell us myself and one Mr Stephen

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Speaker 1: Ronella will once again be traveling the country, joined by

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Speaker 1: a special guest for very unique to every state and

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Speaker 1: venue live podcast experience. This year, we're doing a little differently.

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Speaker 1: Think Meteor podcast off the air in evening you won't

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Speaker 1: see or here anywhere else. Eleven cities San Francisco, Portland, Phoenix,

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Speaker 1: Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Boston, Detroit, Minneapolis, Chicago, d C, Pittsburgh.

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Speaker 1: Tickets go on sale Friday, January but are available exclusively

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Speaker 1: to the mediator community beginning Tuesday, January four, Heath at

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Speaker 1: ten a m by using the promo code mugs in

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Speaker 1: Hey Mugs. Exclusive meat and greet signing opportunity available for

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Speaker 1: v I P ticket holders. This year, we're only doing

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Speaker 1: sixty five v I p tickets per show. Those are

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Speaker 1: gonna go out quick. These shows are a ton of

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Speaker 1: fun and a great excuse to come out and rub

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Speaker 1: elbows with us and a bunch of other folks in

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Speaker 1: the out of doors community. Be on the lookout at

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Speaker 1: the meat eater dot com and book your tickets fast.

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Speaker 1: All right? My week started out like this. I hopped

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Speaker 1: on plane to Sacramento, rented a car, headed out to

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Speaker 1: an end of the season pre Christmas lunch barbecue with

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Speaker 1: a bunch of rice farmers, their buddies, and all the

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Speaker 1: hired hands. Basically, everyone at this operation gets a winter

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Speaker 1: break that starts prior to Christmas and and a few

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Speaker 1: days post New Year. This break is the unofficial start

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Speaker 1: of waterfowl hunting. For most of the folks were working

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Speaker 1: rice in the valley. Like I mentioned in the previous episode,

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Speaker 1: had gotten the invite from some friends in the Sacramento

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Speaker 1: Valley to come look at their side of the water

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Speaker 1: and salmon issues firsthand. I'll get to what that has

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Speaker 1: to do with ducks in a minute. Water flow from

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Speaker 1: the mountains, down the valley, through the delta and out

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Speaker 1: to the ocean has been a serious issue in the

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Speaker 1: last ninety years or so presettlement and agriculture development of California.

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Speaker 1: The heavy snow packs would wash off the mountains down

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Speaker 1: the valley, eventually overflowing the banks of the Sacramento River.

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Speaker 1: This is historically what they would do. This overflow would

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Speaker 1: then push out way across a vast floodplain that was

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Speaker 1: full of marsh, grasses and wetlands, and that water would

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Speaker 1: make it very slowly out through the delta and into

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Speaker 1: the ocean. Then, like it says, and the best musical

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Speaker 1: ever made, which is of course, paint your wagon along,

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Speaker 1: came people and gum it up. Good people in the

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Speaker 1: Sacramento Delta spent a generation or so creating a series

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Speaker 1: of dikes and levees designed to manipulate the floodwaters to

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Speaker 1: our control, releasing them through a series of weirs into

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Speaker 1: areas that lack human habitation to protect the areas with

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Speaker 1: human habitation. Areas that lack human habitation in the Sacramento

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Speaker 1: Valley appeared pretty slim by the way. While the manipulation

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Speaker 1: of the floodplain has been great for human habitation, many

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Speaker 1: species have taken a real hit. One of those species

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Speaker 1: is the chinook salmon. As previously reported. The amount of

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Speaker 1: water that runs down the Sacramento River presently compared to

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Speaker 1: when salmon numbers were at their peak, is much much less.

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Speaker 1: The simple solution to get those salmon numbers to rebound

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Speaker 1: has been to allow more water to flow down the

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Speaker 1: Sacramento and less out into farmers fields. However, increased flow

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Speaker 1: down the Sacramento River has not been met with increased

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Speaker 1: salmon numbers as per usual, conservation ation just isn't a

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Speaker 1: convenient business. The state of the salmon is such. This

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Speaker 1: is all taken from the California Department of Fishing Game. Historically,

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Speaker 1: winter on Chinook salmon spawned in the upper reaches of

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Speaker 1: the Sacramento River tributaries, including the McCloud, the Pit, Little,

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Speaker 1: Sacramento Rivers, Shasta, and Kesswick Dams now block access to

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Speaker 1: the historic spawning areas. The run, despite having some good years,

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Speaker 1: was classified as endangered under the State California Endangered Species

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Speaker 1: Act in nine and as endangered under the Federal Endangered

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Speaker 1: Species Act in spring around Chinook salmon were historically the

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Speaker 1: most abundant race in the Central Valley. Due to the

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Speaker 1: small number of a non hybridized populations remaining and low

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Speaker 1: population sizes. Central Valley spring around chinook salmon were listed

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Speaker 1: as threatened under both state and federal Endangered Species Acts.

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Speaker 1: In fall around Chinook salmon are currently the most abundant

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Speaker 1: of the Central Valley races, contributing to large commercial and

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Speaker 1: recreational fisheries in the ocean and popular sport fisheries in

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Speaker 1: the freshwater streams. Fall round chinook salmon are raised at

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Speaker 1: five major Central Valley hatcheries, which released more than thirty

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Speaker 1: two million smalls each year. Due to concerns over population

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Speaker 1: size and hatchery influence, Central Valley fall and late fall

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Speaker 1: round chinook salmon are a species of concern under the

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Speaker 1: Federal Endangered Species Act. I realize that is a lot

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Speaker 1: of info regarding the state of the California salmon. Suffice

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Speaker 1: it to say there's plenty of work to be done.

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Speaker 1: One project named, ever so cleverly, Nigiri Project. If you're

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Speaker 1: not a sushi fan, that's fish on rice and by

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Speaker 1: no coincidence, that is exactly what the Nigiri Project is. Now,

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Speaker 1: keep in mind, this is a twenty minute podcast, so

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Speaker 1: this is just as I understand it, shoot from the

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Speaker 1: hip run down to this situation. Sure, I'm gonna get

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Speaker 1: some stuff wrong, but this is an ongoing deal. I'm

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Speaker 1: so I'm gonna stay on top of it because it's

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Speaker 1: a fascinating thing that's happening over there. So what the

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Speaker 1: Negearri project is trying to figure out is if the

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Speaker 1: answer to getting more salmon back into the system isn't

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Speaker 1: put more water down the river, maybe it's putting more

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Speaker 1: water through the floodplain. After all, that's where a lot

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Speaker 1: of water was going. Prior to the elaborate flood mitigation

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Speaker 1: system that is currently in place in the Sacramento Valley,

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Speaker 1: the Sacramento Valley was a vast wetland, those wetlands having

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Speaker 1: large part been in the best case scenario replaced by crops,

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Speaker 1: worst case concrete shopping malls. The city of Sacramento houses

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Speaker 1: one crop I'm gonna talk about, of course, is rice.

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Speaker 1: Remember we're speaking to Geary imitates a wetland as well

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Speaker 1: as a monoculture. Can if you are in this area

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Speaker 1: or have ever been through it, it is an easy

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Speaker 1: connection to make, as the amount of waterfowl as in pintails, tee,

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Speaker 1: old widgeon Gadwall Canada and specul belly geese curlew, Ross's geese, storks, herons,

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Speaker 1: and many other species are just staggering. I was down

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Speaker 1: in December, but last year the National Wildlife refuge count

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Speaker 1: had hit a hundred ninety eight thousand speckled belly geese,

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Speaker 1: three hundred and sixty thousand pintail, three hundred forty thousand

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Speaker 1: teal that's counting both green wing and cinnamon. A hundred

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Speaker 1: eighty thousand widgeon, and more than a hundred thousand shovelers.

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Speaker 1: Two hundred and seventy thousand snow and Ross's geese were

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Speaker 1: expected by mid November. This is an all due to rice.

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Speaker 1: Of course, the refuge system into which our duck stamp

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Speaker 1: dollars flow, and even the private refuges the duck clubs

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Speaker 1: play a huge part as well. I'll just reiterate that

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Speaker 1: the birds use the rice fields heavily, or that's what

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Speaker 1: I saw anyway. Previously, rice straw was burned after harvest.

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Speaker 1: Now many rice farmers will flood their fields long enough

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Speaker 1: to enjoy incredible waterfowl hunting, but also to help break

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Speaker 1: down the incredibly tough rice straw. Quick fun fact for

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Speaker 1: you if you've ever been driving down like New road

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Speaker 1: construction where they're cutting into a hillside. Those roadside bundles

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Speaker 1: of straw that you see typically in like a green

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Speaker 1: kind of mesh, that is often rice straw, places to

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Speaker 1: mitigate erosion, you know, because again the rice straw is

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Speaker 1: tough stuff, takes a long time to break down. Well,

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Speaker 1: when the decomposition process begins in the flooded rice straw,

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Speaker 1: and even more incredible abundance of life also begins in

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Speaker 1: the form of invertebrates, algae and zooplankton, things that coincidentally

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Speaker 1: make great fish food for young salmon. In February of

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Speaker 1: two thousand twelve, juvenile salmon were placed into a series

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Speaker 1: of cages. If you could think of like crab pots,

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Speaker 1: that's what would be the best visual here. The cages

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Speaker 1: were placed downstream of a discharge point on the Sacramento

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Speaker 1: River with control fish in cages. Upstream of the discharge point,

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Speaker 1: about five thousand acres of rice stubble was flooded and

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Speaker 1: let's sit during the non growing season for four to

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Speaker 1: six weeks, at which point the fields were drained and

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Speaker 1: the water pumped back into the Sacramento River. The juvenile

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Speaker 1: chinook at the discharge point as in. You know, the

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Speaker 1: point where the rice field water was pumped back into

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Speaker 1: the river grew five hundred percent faster than fish held

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Speaker 1: upstream of the discharge point. Our control fish, fish caged

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Speaker 1: one mile downstream of the discharge point, grew three hundred

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Speaker 1: percent faster than the fish upstream of the rice field discharge.

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Speaker 1: Fat or small going down the river will have a

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Speaker 1: better chance of survival when they hit the ocean. The

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Speaker 1: point of this particular study was to show that there's

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Speaker 1: a lot of food in the rice fields and the

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Speaker 1: salmon will respond well faster growth the discharge. You know,

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Speaker 1: this is a highly contained study, but they got some

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Speaker 1: good results. These juvenile salmon were dubbed quote floodplain fatties,

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Speaker 1: which again I thought was very clever. And if you're

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Speaker 1: going to smoke a California salmon, you probably want to

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Speaker 1: smoke a fatty. The next step for this broad act

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Speaker 1: is putting juvenile salmon into flooded rice fields. Again, the

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Speaker 1: rice fields were once the natural floodplane. Now I still

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Speaker 1: have a lot of questions in regard to this project,

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Speaker 1: as I know the folks involved do as well. The

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Speaker 1: water gets much warmer in the rice fields, does it

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Speaker 1: get too warm? Are there any threats from residual pesticides

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Speaker 1: in the fields. Other organizations like the California Waterfowl Association,

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Speaker 1: even though they sponsor the project and sponsored is in

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Speaker 1: quotes there. I'm not sure if they're just signed a

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Speaker 1: letter of support or giving them cash or what the

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Speaker 1: story is anyway. California Waterfowl Association has their concerns as well,

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Speaker 1: mainly around increased water levels on the floodplane during hunting season.

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Speaker 1: According to c w A, too much water in certain

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Speaker 1: refuges can actually close the refuge down to access until

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Speaker 1: the water subsides. They also have concerns over actual habitat

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Speaker 1: loss due to continued high water in some areas. A

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Speaker 1: Duck's and Limited study determined that there were four thousand

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Speaker 1: hunting opportunities in the Yolo Bypass wild Life Area last

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Speaker 1: December and January, whereas in the two thousand sixteen to

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Speaker 1: two thousand seventeen season there were only hundred opportunities due

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Speaker 1: to high water. I need to figure out exactly what

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Speaker 1: they mean by an opportunity. Is that an individual day

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Speaker 1: in the field or is that a discharged shell. If

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Speaker 1: anyone has the answer to that, please let me know

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Speaker 1: in any case, hunting opportunity has the potential to be reduced,

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Speaker 1: which is something a hunter like myself doesn't like to see,

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Speaker 1: but a conservationist like myself knows. Again, nothing is simple

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Speaker 1: in conservation. Sometimes you have to take some tough times

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Speaker 1: in the duck blind to get some good times on

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Speaker 1: the river, and vice versa. Right now, there are a

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Speaker 1: ton of birds in the sky, and the Nagiri Project

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Speaker 1: conducted by cal Trout, which is supported by a whole

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Speaker 1: host of interests from rice farmers to fisherman to US

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Speaker 1: fish and wildlife to nonprofits and businesses, seem to be

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Speaker 1: thinking outside the box and trying to find a fix

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Speaker 1: to a complicated issue, to fix that will ideally allow

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Speaker 1: for farming, fishing, and hunting in the Sacramento Valley far

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Speaker 1: into the future. This has been a rough and tumbled

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Speaker 1: version of what's going on, but it won't be the

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Speaker 1: last you'll hear of it. It's really neat stuff. I'm

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Speaker 1: definitely going back and checking on this firsthand. Moving on,

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Speaker 1: we're gonna visit the emotional support wildlife desk. Airlines have

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Speaker 1: had all sorts of issues with passengers and their emotional

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Speaker 1: support animals, even well trained golden retrievers can have midair

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Speaker 1: stomach problems. And even though you know that your emotional

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Speaker 1: support peacock or emotional support squirrel is polite, frequent flyer,

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Speaker 1: the person sitting next to you may not. Those are

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Speaker 1: both real, by the way, and emotional support peacock and

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Speaker 1: an emotional support squirrel have both been denied access prior

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Speaker 1: to boarding well. Currently, in Iowa, man is fighting to

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Speaker 1: maintain custody of his support animal, a coyote. The Iowan

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Speaker 1: fed an abandoned coyote pup that he found on his property.

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Speaker 1: This asked April. He told his Waterloo, Iowa neighbors that

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Speaker 1: the pup was a German shepherd, which may have led

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Speaker 1: to his being reported to animal control. It happens to

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Speaker 1: be illegal to keep a coyote as a pet in

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Speaker 1: the state of Iowa, so in order to circumvent the law,

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Speaker 1: a doctor's note was obtained certifying the coyote as an

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Speaker 1: emotional support animal. Now, I'm gonna give this fellow of

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Speaker 1: benefit of the doubt. I myself am an animal lover.

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Speaker 1: I am sure there's some sort of a bond between

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Speaker 1: these two, but it does make me wonder if this

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Speaker 1: doctor is up to speed on the abstaining from harm

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Speaker 1: part of the hippocratic oath. The coyote is currently in

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Speaker 1: the custody of a wildlife rehabilitation center where they say

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Speaker 1: he is doing well and showing signs of being able

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Speaker 1: to be released. There are far too many good dogs

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Speaker 1: and shelters across this country. I am sure this is

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Speaker 1: the case in Iowa. There is no reason, whether it

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Speaker 1: be for your emotional well being or not, to habit

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Speaker 1: weight and then cage up a wild animal, Drop the lawsuit,

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Speaker 1: and make a happy home for a domestic. Moving on

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Speaker 1: to our seldom visited astronomy desk, every hunter knows our

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Speaker 1: friendly cohort and sky Oriyan. The constellation is a highly

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Speaker 1: recognizable pattern of stars that it is, in my experience,

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Speaker 1: particularly visible here in the western half of the US

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Speaker 1: and Canada during the fall hunting season. If you, like me,

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Speaker 1: like to check in on this constellation. You may have

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Speaker 1: noticed that the star Beetle Juice has been getting dimmer.

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Speaker 1: Beetle Juice is located on Orion's shoulder and is a

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Speaker 1: variable star, meaning that it's brightness does come and go.

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Speaker 1: Interesting fact that Beetle Juice, which apparently got its name

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Speaker 1: from a poor translation of Arabic meaning the hand of

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Speaker 1: Orion is sadly not pronounced like I am pronouncing it

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Speaker 1: as you would the movie Beetle Juice. That movie is

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Speaker 1: a fantastic example of the in redibly talented and best

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Speaker 1: Batman ever. Michael Keaton, who I hear, is also a

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Speaker 1: hunter Beatle Beetle Juice. That's it anyway, Beetle Juice can

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Speaker 1: be one of the top ten brightest stars in our

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Speaker 1: solar system, though not as bright as Ragel. Ragel is

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Speaker 1: also located in the constellation Oriyan. In his left foot,

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Speaker 1: all those fun facts aside. Most importantly, Beetle Juice is

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Speaker 1: a ticking time bomb, a time bomb roughly twenty times

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Speaker 1: the size of the Sun. That's right. Astronomers are predicting

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Speaker 1: a massive supernova explosion. The shock wave will hit Earth

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Speaker 1: and only six hundred million years. I for one am

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Speaker 1: sad sincerely to see Oriyan change. I've stared up at

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Speaker 1: this constellation many times on many different hunts, honestly because

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Speaker 1: it's so visible, not because I'm great with constellations. One

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Speaker 1: time I got a little turned round lost. Some would

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Speaker 1: call it way back, a little wood drainage outside of Carry, Idaho,

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Speaker 1: and it seemed like Orion sat right above our frozen

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Speaker 1: little drop camp. I used an intersection of Orion's belt

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Speaker 1: and the creek to guide me home. After I had

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Speaker 1: advised strongly against one of my fellow campers uh discharging

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Speaker 1: his firearm as a location device. The inky Black Knight

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Speaker 1: did not give me a lot of confidence in the

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Speaker 1: direction of the shots. So pack your bags, go someplace dark,

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Speaker 1: and take a look at Orion and beetlejuice. Take comfort

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Speaker 1: knowing that all things are fleeting, even the stars. You

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Speaker 1: only have a hundred thousand years or so to appreciate

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Speaker 1: each other. Alright, I'm gonna take a rare serious note

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Speaker 1: here before we depart, but this is an important one.

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Speaker 1: The big hunting community of which I am a part,

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Speaker 1: suffered a serious tragedy New Year's Day. A father and

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Speaker 1: his nine year old daughter were killed in a hunting

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Speaker 1: accident of some sort in South Carolina. Hunting is an

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Speaker 1: incredibly captivating pursuit for all of the as reasons, time outside, nature, camaraderie,

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Speaker 1: and of course food. Another lesser discussed reason for the

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Speaker 1: hunting addiction is the fact that hunting is incredibly complex.

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Speaker 1: What may seem like a simple day in the woods

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Speaker 1: or the marsh is actually a dynamic situation that involves

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Speaker 1: atmospheric conditions, lunar phases, the timing of food sources coming

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Speaker 1: in and out of season, so many variables that much

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Speaker 1: of hunting is chocked up to luck. Luck because it

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Speaker 1: is so damned hard to keep all these changing conditions straight,

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Speaker 1: which is why there are constants in the woods or

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Speaker 1: the blind that when hunters follow them, the predictable happens, which,

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Speaker 1: oddly enough, is nothing. The constants are rules laid out

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Speaker 1: to prospective hunters and reiterated to old hunters constantly all

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Speaker 1: across the nation and hunter safety classes and in the field.

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Speaker 1: Always keep your barrel pointed in a safe direction, Treat

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Speaker 1: every firearm as if it is loaded, know your target,

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Speaker 1: and beyond notice. These rules or commandments, if you like,

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Speaker 1: don't include any outs, no ifs, or allowances for changing conditions.

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Speaker 1: These deaths are tragic, they're sad, and they're avoidable. If

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Speaker 1: we don't learn from them, then their deaths will be

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Speaker 1: all the more tragic. Be safe out there. Teach others

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Speaker 1: to be safe out there. There are no excuses. Thanks

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00:23:32,760 --> 00:23:36,000
Speaker 1: for listening as per usual, if they have gotten something wrong.

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Speaker 1: If you have something interesting you would like to share,

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Speaker 1: right in and let me know at ask cal at

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Speaker 1: the meat eater dot com. That's a s k C

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00:23:44,960 --> 00:23:48,000
Speaker 1: a l at the meat eater dot com, and leave

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00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:50,480
Speaker 1: me a review by hitting that furthest right hand start.

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Speaker 1: If you're loving what you're hearing, tell a friend or

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Speaker 1: two thanks, and I'll talk to you next week. Many

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Speaker 1: books a pen, often as p