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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind.

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Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Douglas. Julie.

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Speaker 1: Prior to researching this episode, what what would occupy your mind?

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Speaker 1: What visuals would would stream into your consciousness? When someone

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Speaker 1: uttered the words stone Hinge, spinal tap, Yeah, of course

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Speaker 1: you big spinal tap fan form Back in the day,

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Speaker 1: I wouldn't say I was a big spinal tap fan

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Speaker 1: that just like everybody else, you know, that's permeated the

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Speaker 1: fabric of the culture that I experienced. So for me, Stonehenge, yeah,

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Speaker 1: definitely spinal tap. But also you know this sort of

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Speaker 1: mysterious groupings of rocks in the hinter land and with

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Speaker 1: spinal tape referring to a particular scene right where they're

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Speaker 1: there's dancing, there's dancing, there's a stage scene. But there

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Speaker 1: also is some um, some stone Hinge philosophy flying out

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Speaker 1: with some of the members of the band who are

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Speaker 1: talking about the reason for its existence. And that is

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Speaker 1: kind of the big question, um that we're gonna get

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Speaker 1: into in this pair of episodes. What is Stonehenge like?

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Speaker 1: Why is it there? How is it built? These are

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Speaker 1: all these these mysteries that that's sort of a swirl

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Speaker 1: around it, and it's easy to sort of stand outside

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Speaker 1: of the discussion of those mysteries and just sort of

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Speaker 1: pick up contact information and contact ideas about it. And

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Speaker 1: I feel like that's what I've done mostly throughout my

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Speaker 1: life is I've never really been that interested in Stonehenge,

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Speaker 1: so I've only just sort of picked up little bits

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Speaker 1: here and there. I've certainly never been there, and I've

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Speaker 1: just heard things about UFOs, about aliens and it never

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Speaker 1: really bought into that. But that's just kind of the

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Speaker 1: coloring that the subject has taken on. For me. It's

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Speaker 1: just sort of an abstract, uh collage of UFOs and

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Speaker 1: ancient aliens and pagan priests like sacrificing goats and go down.

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Speaker 1: I don't know why goats are so involved in it

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Speaker 1: for me, but but yeah, just sort of a general

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Speaker 1: vision of that kind of stuff without me ever really

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Speaker 1: thinking all that much. Well, what we're gonna try to

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Speaker 1: do today is we're gonna talk about so the nuts

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Speaker 1: and bolts of Stonehenge because we can't really understand the

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Speaker 1: meaning of it or with all these theories about why

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Speaker 1: it exists in the first place, without actually looking at

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Speaker 1: the building of it, which is in itself fascinating. So again,

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Speaker 1: think about this megalith structure and this mysterious pile of rocks,

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Speaker 1: and mostly people kind of came up with, as you say,

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Speaker 1: these sort of theories of it. Could be aliens, it

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Speaker 1: could be uh, you know, a celestial observatory. But in

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Speaker 1: order to really get to the meat of it, you

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Speaker 1: have to sit there and say, how in the world

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Speaker 1: was this erected in the first place. It's insane. And

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Speaker 1: before we get into this sort of bird's eye view

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Speaker 1: of the complete structure, what it would have looked like,

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Speaker 1: and it's heyday. I wanted to mention that Stonehenge finally

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Speaker 1: has its own visitor center. Oh really cold? That long?

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Speaker 1: That long? I mean it has something like a million

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Speaker 1: visitors a year. No visitor center. Well it's which means

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Speaker 1: no bathrooms, I'm assuming. Yeah, and I'm thinking, Pheinge, that's

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Speaker 1: what I'm thinking. You can just squat behind the behind

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Speaker 1: the stones, Yeah, Papa squat hinge. Alright, So the basics,

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Speaker 1: where is it? Obviously it's in the United Kingdom, it is.

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Speaker 1: It is in the plains of Salisbury, England, and we'll

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Speaker 1: get more to why it actually is probably at that

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Speaker 1: specific location. But it's a nice sort of like grassy

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Speaker 1: looking area if you look at all the photos, and

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Speaker 1: of course it's circled by highways because some people will

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Speaker 1: complain the monument just hasn't had enough respect over the

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Speaker 1: centuries for people to understand that perhaps it's it means

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Speaker 1: much more to us than we realize about these sort

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Speaker 1: of life and death rituals and what it means to

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Speaker 1: be humans. But instead here you have this little byway

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Speaker 1: cutting through around it. Yeah, for the longest it was

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Speaker 1: just kind of a big stones It really went until

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Speaker 1: the seventeenth century or so people started really getting a

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Speaker 1: little more serious about trying to figure out what it meant,

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Speaker 1: what it meant, how it was built, and and really

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Speaker 1: giving it the importance that it's due. Yeah, alright, so

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Speaker 1: let's give a little view of it. In its final form.

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Speaker 1: Stonehenge had a path leading to a circular ditch, creating

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Speaker 1: a bank of earth. This is the hinge part, by

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Speaker 1: the way, So if you hear that word hinge, it's

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Speaker 1: referring to this sort of circular structure that's made. And

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Speaker 1: if you pass the heelstone, and you would have noticed

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Speaker 1: a ring of fifty six pits just within the ditch

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Speaker 1: and in the circumference of it. And these are like

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Speaker 1: post hole ditches, like a little round ditches right exactly,

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Speaker 1: but they're empty. At this point we'll get to why

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Speaker 1: that is. Two stone pillars would have flanked the entrance

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Speaker 1: and a sarsen circle. These sarsen stones composed of these

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Speaker 1: huge upright stones about eighteen feet high and seven feet thick.

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Speaker 1: They were set in an outer ring about a hundred

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Speaker 1: feet across. Now today only seventeen of these megalists are standing,

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Speaker 1: and you have a few ten and a half foot

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Speaker 1: lintels spanning the tops of these. At one point they

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Speaker 1: had um I believe they were called triathons. Five of

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Speaker 1: these triathons at the center. There are only three of

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Speaker 1: them right now. Now. Within this was a horseshoe of

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Speaker 1: bluestones around a pillar known as at that time an altarstone,

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Speaker 1: because it was thought that this perhaps is where a

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Speaker 1: sacrifice would have happened, where would have been cut exactly,

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Speaker 1: And then a banked path would have led from Stonehenge

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Speaker 1: to the river Avon. Yes, and that's important to note too,

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Speaker 1: that it is adjacent to a river, and that's going

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Speaker 1: to be more and more important as we we get on.

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Speaker 1: But in the same way that highways enable humans to

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Speaker 1: visit it today, proximity to a river would have been

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Speaker 1: important in Newly at the times. Yeah, because it was

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Speaker 1: thought that around a tenth of the population would have

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Speaker 1: actually traveled here to Stonehenge for various reasons that we'll

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Speaker 1: get into later. So this wasn't just a sort of

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Speaker 1: as we think of it as a drive by tourist attraction.

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Speaker 1: This was that this was a destination. This is where

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Speaker 1: you went. Yeah, this was sort of like the first

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Speaker 1: Las Vegas, rising from the landscape. You know, so out

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Speaker 1: in the middle of nowhere. If you build it, people

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Speaker 1: will come. That's another movie, but you know what I'm saying.

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Speaker 1: But no, the comparison to Las Vegas is very apt

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Speaker 1: because we're talking about on a very simple level, man

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Speaker 1: made structures that are rising above the landscape and it's

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Speaker 1: really today that's nothing, but it's but it's interesting to

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Speaker 1: think back to a to a neolithic world and imagine

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Speaker 1: the power of that. I mean, really you have to

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Speaker 1: you have to think of like the monoliths and in

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Speaker 1: in a two thousand and one to kind of get

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Speaker 1: the same sort of power. Yeah, and let's talk about

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Speaker 1: what it might have been like five thousand years ago

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Speaker 1: during this Neolithic age. We're talking about before wheeled vehicles,

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Speaker 1: before the use of metals and tools were widespread. Um,

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Speaker 1: but you did have the stone axe here. This is

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Speaker 1: this is in full force and people use it to

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Speaker 1: clear forces and and shape the timbers of their homes.

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Speaker 1: We're talking about small settlement that are scattered and people

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Speaker 1: who are keeping livestock and they move with their herds

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Speaker 1: and they raise barley and wheat. So um. One picture

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Speaker 1: that comes out of this is that this is these

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Speaker 1: are people who have a lot of resources in terms

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Speaker 1: of food, and so we know that one of their

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Speaker 1: basic needs are being met. So it would make sense

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Speaker 1: that they begin to really focus on other things beyond,

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Speaker 1: like perhaps what Stonehenge means to them, and you know,

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Speaker 1: is it this burial ground and so on and so forth.

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Speaker 1: Because as well go forward, you'll see that Stonehenge was

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Speaker 1: a mega project. Certainly for these people, this was a megaproject.

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Speaker 1: And you have to have space in one's life to

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Speaker 1: do that. You have to have certain needs, have to

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Speaker 1: be net. You know, it's like taking on an enormous

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Speaker 1: hobby in your life. If you're gonna, say, build a

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Speaker 1: ship in a bottle, you probably want to wait till

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Speaker 1: the house is a little calm, you know, till they

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Speaker 1: at least some of the kids are old enough to

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Speaker 1: not break it or demand all of your spare energy. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: this would be like the Neolithic people's me time or

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Speaker 1: their yoga time. They probably would have uh devoted it

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Speaker 1: to this. And I wanted to read this great quote

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Speaker 1: and I were talking about this earlier. It's um it's

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Speaker 1: from Colin Richards. He's a professor of World prehistory history

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Speaker 1: archaeology at the University of Manchester, and he says Stonehenge

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Speaker 1: is an expenditure of labor on a grand scale. It's

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Speaker 1: easy for us to forget that these people were creating

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Speaker 1: something which had never been created before. It's a bit

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Speaker 1: like their own Space program. Yeah, and that inevitably brings

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Speaker 1: me back to our conversations with Neil de grasse Tyson,

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Speaker 1: who spoke about the actual Space program and its existence

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Speaker 1: as a megaproject on scale with something like Stonehenge was

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Speaker 1: something like the Pyramids. It's something like uh, the Great

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Speaker 1: Wall of China, and you have to act yourself. What

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Speaker 1: motivates people to do that sort of thing. Well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: and that's a great point that you make, because if

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Speaker 1: you're talking about the space program, then you were talking

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Speaker 1: about generations of people who are trying to move this

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Speaker 1: agenda forward. If you were talking about the Neolithic period

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Speaker 1: in Stonehenge, then you are talking about five thousand years Okay, Um,

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Speaker 1: we're talking about a fifteen hundred year period in when

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Speaker 1: Stonehenge was built in three phases. And moreover, you were

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Speaker 1: talking about these uh pine posts initially being erected at

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Speaker 1: that site ten thousand, five hundred years ago, so that

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Speaker 1: long ago people had an idea of what this site

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Speaker 1: might mean to them and what it could become. Yes,

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Speaker 1: and we'll get more into the meaning as we we progress,

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Speaker 1: but again, we really need to to lay the groundwork

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Speaker 1: about the construction of it and the physical characteristics of

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Speaker 1: it to truly appreciate it. Yeah, and and just to

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Speaker 1: give everybody context to this is not the only hinge

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Speaker 1: hanging around in in the UK. There are about a

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Speaker 1: thousand other stone circles that can be found um, and

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Speaker 1: a lot of timber circles too. In fact, you have

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Speaker 1: some timber circles which may have reached fifteen ft high,

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Speaker 1: and so these sort of monuments could have been a

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Speaker 1: burial ground for the dead, or it could have been

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Speaker 1: families prominent families in those areas, just raising this, uh,

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Speaker 1: the these monuments to themselves essentially. But Stonehenge is different

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Speaker 1: in this way because again it's drawing people from all

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Speaker 1: over the area as opposed to just being this localized phenomenon. Alright,

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Speaker 1: we're gonna take a quick break and when we come

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Speaker 1: back more on Stone. All Right, we are back, and

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Speaker 1: we're going to talk about this ultimate remodeling project undred

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Speaker 1: years in the making. And if anybody is interested in

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Speaker 1: looking at this in detail, you can check out the

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Speaker 1: English Heritage Stonehenge site. And these are actually the people

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Speaker 1: who are responsible for bringing the visitor center or visitor

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Speaker 1: center to fruition. But they have some really great information

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Speaker 1: about what this construction might have looked like, what would

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Speaker 1: have been built first. Yeah, this is a this is

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Speaker 1: really key and it's so certainly something that I feel

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Speaker 1: like you don't pick up on when you're just sort

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Speaker 1: of doing the sort of usual pop culture absorption of Stonehenge. Infoe.

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Speaker 1: You just think, oh well, at some point, some dudes, odd, hey,

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Speaker 1: let's erect some stones, let's build this shape for whatever purpose.

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Speaker 1: And they just did it, not realizing that what you're

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Speaker 1: seeing is um is a design that that evolves over time,

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Speaker 1: the construction that takes ages to complete. Yeah, and again

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Speaker 1: we're talking about the sort of technology that they have

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Speaker 1: available to them at that time. We're talking about antlers

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Speaker 1: to dig ditches with, and um, these hammerstones that they

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Speaker 1: would have held in their hands to try to actually

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Speaker 1: shape the stones and to cut down timber and so

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Speaker 1: on and so forth. Because yeah, they got the stones there,

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Speaker 1: and then you still had to to to work on

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Speaker 1: them to give them in to just the desired a

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Speaker 1: correct shape, and then to make sure they're fitting in

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Speaker 1: with the other stones. Oh yeah, we'll talk about that

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Speaker 1: in a second. To this tongue and groove. It's amazing

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Speaker 1: to look at and say, oh, I cannot believe that

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Speaker 1: this was constructed during that time period. And you start

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Speaker 1: to think about the depth and breadth of that effort

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Speaker 1: over over so many, you know, thousands of years, it's

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Speaker 1: pretty amazing. So okay, T Dred years ago, you get

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Speaker 1: this timber post put up that to say X marks

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Speaker 1: the spot. Now, if you look at about three thousand BC,

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Speaker 1: you'll see that that hinge that's when that was beginning

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Speaker 1: to be built. Again, we're talking about the antler. They're

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Speaker 1: scraping this away, and that earth was piled up to

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Speaker 1: make this inner and outer bank, and then within the

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Speaker 1: ditch that's where this ring of fifty six timber or

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Speaker 1: stone post would have been. Now, I thought that those

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Speaker 1: stone posts held the original bluestones that were later moved

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Speaker 1: to the middle. Yes, And that was really opening to

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Speaker 1: me as well, the idea that you had this sort

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Speaker 1: of temporary design that was there for a while, and

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Speaker 1: then all the stones were moved in, and then that's

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Speaker 1: where we get those holes. They weren't as one might think, bathrooms,

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Speaker 1: you know, that's right. I mean that's the other thing

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Speaker 1: is that if you take this information and just take

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Speaker 1: it at face value, of course, you would come up

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Speaker 1: with a million different theories as to why they were

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Speaker 1: doing what they were doing. And it really is the

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Speaker 1: accumulation of history as well as our own current technology

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Speaker 1: that kind of gives us a better idea of how

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Speaker 1: it was constructed and why it was constructed. Um, but

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Speaker 1: you know, about five hundred years later, after this hinge

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Speaker 1: was made, the stars and stones, those huge stones were

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Speaker 1: brought in and then the bluestones were moved inside. And

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Speaker 1: then later you have parallel banks that were constructed as

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Speaker 1: a kind of road from Stonehenge to the River Avon.

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Speaker 1: And this wasn't apparent really unto I think it was

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Speaker 1: about two thousand and ten when researchers Mark Pearson and

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Speaker 1: his team were taking some surveys and they could tell

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Speaker 1: um by the equipment that they were using, that there

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Speaker 1: was actually this road that was dug out underneath the landscape. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's really interesting, um hearing him talk, because as he

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Speaker 1: pointed out, like there was a huge boom of a

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Speaker 1: Stonehenge interest in the seventeenth century, so people got pretty

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Speaker 1: interested in the site up early on, and they were

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Speaker 1: they were digging it up, they were they were looking everything.

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Speaker 1: So so the side itself was be thoroughly examined. Uh,

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Speaker 1: you know by the time I got to the twentieth century.

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Speaker 1: But it's in it's in exploring the realms surrounding Stonehenge,

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Speaker 1: looking and this in this case at the space between

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Speaker 1: Stonehenge and the river. And as we'll discuss later looking

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Speaker 1: at some other sites uh within a close proximity to Stonehenge,

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Speaker 1: that ends up giving us a lot more understanding about

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Speaker 1: what Stone Hinge was about. Yeah. And the other thing

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Speaker 1: is that you know, now we have the technology to

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Speaker 1: look at the stars and stones and say, okay, well,

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Speaker 1: not only are they a type of sandstone and they're

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Speaker 1: harder than granite, but hey, they're found scattered all over

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Speaker 1: southern England. And most archaeologists believe that these stones were

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Speaker 1: brought from Marble Downs about twenty miles away. And then

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Speaker 1: if you think about this, it's kind of nuts. On average,

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Speaker 1: these Starson's way about forty five tons each. I think

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Speaker 1: the heel stone is like fifty tons. Yeah, these things

280
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Speaker 1: were enormous. Yeah. And then you have the blue stones.

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Speaker 1: What kind of our puny in comparison, because we're talking

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Speaker 1: about two and five tons each, that's it. They weigh

283
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Speaker 1: about um. But those came from the Pricelli Hills in

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Speaker 1: southwest Wales a hundred and fifty five miles away. That's

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Speaker 1: worth noting that these blue stones. Just see a picture

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Speaker 1: of them and you may think yourself, well that doesn't

287
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Speaker 1: that doesn't really look blue. Well, that They're called bluestones

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Speaker 1: because when they're they're nice and wet, they have kind

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Speaker 1: of a blue sheen to them. May be cut into them,

290
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Speaker 1: there's kind of an appearance of blue. But yeah, they're

291
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Speaker 1: not like smurf blue by any means. Unfortunately. Uh, Now,

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Speaker 1: there was this idea that these bluestones could have been

293
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Speaker 1: brought to the Salisbury Plains area by the movement of glaciers,

294
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Speaker 1: but at this point most archaeologists think that they are

295
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Speaker 1: actually transported by human effort, and uh, it's not known

296
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Speaker 1: exactly how this was. Probably they were carried via water

297
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Speaker 1: networks or and or hauled over land. And there's a

298
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Speaker 1: couple of ideas about how they could have been hauled

299
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Speaker 1: over land, especially it's forty five ton ones. Yeah, one

300
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Speaker 1: of the theories that's explored in the Nova Special Secrets

301
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Speaker 1: of Stone Hinge. But you can find online and watch

302
00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:03,360
Speaker 1: it's it's it's really good. One of the ideas that

303
00:16:03,400 --> 00:16:05,320
Speaker 1: they explore in that video is the idea that you

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Speaker 1: have you have all these little almost a palm sized

305
00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:13,680
Speaker 1: stone spheres, okay, and you find them, so a lot

306
00:16:13,680 --> 00:16:16,880
Speaker 1: of them are just rough and unpolished, you know, and

307
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Speaker 1: then others seem to have some monochuma design. Yeah, but

308
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Speaker 1: they're all about the same size like like like almost

309
00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:30,040
Speaker 1: with a degree of precision that is suspicious. And so

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Speaker 1: one of the theories as that is that these were

311
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Speaker 1: used as ball bearings so that you could you could

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Speaker 1: move a platform across tracks with those bearings, those ball

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Speaker 1: bearings underneath them. Uh, and is a way to move

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Speaker 1: the stone across across the ground. What I love about

315
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Speaker 1: this is that this was the idea that spring out

316
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Speaker 1: of Andrew Young's brain. He was doing graduate work at

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Speaker 1: the University of Exeter and he was obsessed with these

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Speaker 1: these stone carved balls and he actually started to take

319
00:16:57,560 --> 00:16:59,960
Speaker 1: up the practice himself and do it over and over again,

320
00:17:00,400 --> 00:17:02,800
Speaker 1: and he had that moment of like, why why are

321
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Speaker 1: the ones that are found the same diameter? We're talking

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Speaker 1: to the millimeter And that's why he had his aha

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Speaker 1: moment of well, you need uniformity in design when you're

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Speaker 1: trying to make something work, if you're trying to make

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Speaker 1: make it useful. And that actually was something that panned

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Speaker 1: out for him because he and I believe it was

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Speaker 1: Pearson's team. I mean, it might be wrong about that um,

328
00:17:25,960 --> 00:17:29,160
Speaker 1: but they actually re enacted this and they got some

329
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Speaker 1: of the larger stones and the smaller stones to work

330
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Speaker 1: on this track platform with these sort of ball bearings

331
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Speaker 1: carrying the stones across or sliding the stones across. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they had a few missteps along the way, like possibly

333
00:17:42,600 --> 00:17:44,560
Speaker 1: the type of wood they were using, but for the

334
00:17:44,560 --> 00:17:47,720
Speaker 1: most part they proved true. Yeah. And now there's a

335
00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:50,640
Speaker 1: possibility that people may have laid a path of tree

336
00:17:50,680 --> 00:17:54,040
Speaker 1: trunks and rolled the stones over them, um, or even

337
00:17:54,200 --> 00:17:57,720
Speaker 1: just had wooden tracks slathered with with grease as a

338
00:17:57,760 --> 00:18:00,360
Speaker 1: means to try to move them across it. It's hard

339
00:18:00,359 --> 00:18:02,600
Speaker 1: to say maybe all of these scenarios are true, that

340
00:18:02,680 --> 00:18:06,359
Speaker 1: the span of time in which this was built would

341
00:18:06,359 --> 00:18:09,480
Speaker 1: give possibility to to any one of these theories. Yeah,

342
00:18:09,720 --> 00:18:11,840
Speaker 1: you keep coming back to this. Uh. That's one of

343
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Speaker 1: the big problems about about stone hinges that you ultimately

344
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Speaker 1: have to try and put yourself in the mindset of

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Speaker 1: of of neolithic man and trying to understand not only

346
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Speaker 1: how a neolithic human would approach a physics problem a

347
00:18:27,080 --> 00:18:31,439
Speaker 1: design uh challenge, but how they would they approach the

348
00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:35,000
Speaker 1: cosmos itself, how they approach their entire view of the world.

349
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Speaker 1: And we'll see more of that in the second episode

350
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Speaker 1: that explores the meaning of Stone Hinge. But but even

351
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Speaker 1: in just the purely practical physical challenge of construction, you

352
00:18:46,119 --> 00:18:48,240
Speaker 1: have people just having to think, well, how would they

353
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Speaker 1: how would they view this, how would how would unwield

354
00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:55,200
Speaker 1: humans analyze this problem and attempt to solve it? Yeah,

355
00:18:55,240 --> 00:18:58,560
Speaker 1: what were their resources? What were their abilities at that time?

356
00:18:58,840 --> 00:19:02,320
Speaker 1: And what is the dents that that supports some of

357
00:19:02,320 --> 00:19:04,959
Speaker 1: these theories. And that's what is so nice about that

358
00:19:05,080 --> 00:19:08,040
Speaker 1: Nova documentary, The Secrets of Stonehenges. It really does build

359
00:19:08,040 --> 00:19:10,639
Speaker 1: a case, uh for not only how it was built,

360
00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:13,240
Speaker 1: but why it was built. Um. But first let's get

361
00:19:13,240 --> 00:19:15,520
Speaker 1: to that shaping the stones. We talked about those hammerstones.

362
00:19:15,880 --> 00:19:18,440
Speaker 1: We're talking about more than fifty hammerstones that have been

363
00:19:18,520 --> 00:19:21,080
Speaker 1: found at the Stonehenge site. And again when we talk

364
00:19:21,080 --> 00:19:24,520
Speaker 1: about these hammerstones, we're talking about these um stones that

365
00:19:24,560 --> 00:19:26,720
Speaker 1: fit in the palm of the hand, and they have

366
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:30,480
Speaker 1: evidence of chipping away at other stones, like lots of

367
00:19:30,560 --> 00:19:32,720
Speaker 1: chips that came off of the stones as they were

368
00:19:32,760 --> 00:19:34,320
Speaker 1: they were doing the fine work on it. Yeah, that

369
00:19:34,359 --> 00:19:37,040
Speaker 1: repeated striking. There's a lot of pitting in there. So

370
00:19:37,160 --> 00:19:39,680
Speaker 1: they would have been used not only to sculpture the stones,

371
00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:42,560
Speaker 1: but also to create this sort of tongue and groove

372
00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:45,480
Speaker 1: joint system, which is amazing to me when you see

373
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Speaker 1: these these up close pictures of the joints going together. Now,

374
00:19:48,720 --> 00:19:50,800
Speaker 1: obviously describing something like this can be a bit of

375
00:19:50,800 --> 00:19:54,320
Speaker 1: a challenge in a podcast, but essentially you want to

376
00:19:54,480 --> 00:19:57,840
Speaker 1: imagine first of all those vertical stones, okay, and then

377
00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:00,240
Speaker 1: you're gonna put those lintels on top. You're going to

378
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:03,280
Speaker 1: to cap those stones who create this elevated um a

379
00:20:03,480 --> 00:20:05,800
Speaker 1: ring of stones, right, Okay, So this is that kind

380
00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:10,399
Speaker 1: of um iconic trilothon sculpture that you see with the

381
00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:13,400
Speaker 1: two uprights and then the one capping the very top, right,

382
00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:18,159
Speaker 1: So you have the little pieces that that form the lentil. Okay,

383
00:20:18,400 --> 00:20:20,119
Speaker 1: think of if you have to ever have like a

384
00:20:20,200 --> 00:20:23,800
Speaker 1: kid's rail railroad tracking where you have the different curve

385
00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:26,320
Speaker 1: pieces and you stick them together and it forms a

386
00:20:26,359 --> 00:20:28,600
Speaker 1: circle for the little train to go around. All right,

387
00:20:28,800 --> 00:20:32,479
Speaker 1: So each of those little bits of track come together

388
00:20:32,680 --> 00:20:35,040
Speaker 1: and and and in this case, they're gonna come together

389
00:20:35,080 --> 00:20:38,120
Speaker 1: on the top of the vertical stone. Okay. So yeah,

390
00:20:38,160 --> 00:20:41,439
Speaker 1: this is so if you're looking at this bird's eye perspective,

391
00:20:41,560 --> 00:20:45,119
Speaker 1: imagine this circle of these lentils that are topping the

392
00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:48,320
Speaker 1: upright stones, and they're all tongued and grooved, so they've

393
00:20:48,359 --> 00:20:52,439
Speaker 1: got that kind of like snaky, sinewy line going through that.

394
00:20:52,640 --> 00:20:55,840
Speaker 1: It's perfectly together. I mean, we're talking about level within

395
00:20:56,080 --> 00:21:01,000
Speaker 1: inches here. And then those actual bright stones that are

396
00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:04,560
Speaker 1: supporting the lentils, those have stone cap like these little

397
00:21:04,560 --> 00:21:07,119
Speaker 1: stone balls. Yeh, like bumps kind of I think in

398
00:21:07,200 --> 00:21:09,600
Speaker 1: terms of legos and the way that legos interact, there's

399
00:21:09,640 --> 00:21:11,760
Speaker 1: like a bump and then the bump goes into a hole. Yes,

400
00:21:11,840 --> 00:21:13,280
Speaker 1: and it's easy to miss that. You look at stone

401
00:21:13,320 --> 00:21:15,160
Speaker 1: engine if you just you you don't, if you don't

402
00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,440
Speaker 1: absorb any of the extual info about it. You think, oh, look,

403
00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:20,199
Speaker 1: there are two rocks, and then somebody, some caveman or

404
00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:22,760
Speaker 1: something just stuck another rock balanced on top. No, it's

405
00:21:22,800 --> 00:21:24,920
Speaker 1: fitted right, and then someone just bumped into it, and

406
00:21:24,960 --> 00:21:27,280
Speaker 1: that's why the other ones foll Well, No, you're right,

407
00:21:27,359 --> 00:21:29,679
Speaker 1: it's it's a it's got this little rock sort of

408
00:21:29,920 --> 00:21:32,960
Speaker 1: sculpture on top, rounded, and then you have the lentil

409
00:21:32,960 --> 00:21:35,399
Speaker 1: which is hollowed out to fit perfectly over it. Again,

410
00:21:35,440 --> 00:21:39,080
Speaker 1: they're using hammer stones to do this it's insane. Now,

411
00:21:39,080 --> 00:21:41,320
Speaker 1: if that seems crazy, you also have to look at

412
00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:44,480
Speaker 1: one of the other, perhaps less obvious questions. You have

413
00:21:44,560 --> 00:21:47,520
Speaker 1: this giant stone, all right, and you want to and

414
00:21:47,560 --> 00:21:49,399
Speaker 1: it's just laying on the ground, or it just laying

415
00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:52,720
Speaker 1: on some some you know, greased piece of wood, or

416
00:21:52,760 --> 00:21:55,920
Speaker 1: on some some some logs or whatever you've got. You've

417
00:21:56,000 --> 00:21:58,040
Speaker 1: you've managed to transport it all the way to the site.

418
00:21:58,200 --> 00:21:59,760
Speaker 1: How are you going to get that thing up and

419
00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:03,200
Speaker 1: make it vertical? It's it's you're talking tons and tons

420
00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:05,800
Speaker 1: of rock here. It's not a simple matter of just oh,

421
00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:08,119
Speaker 1: just roll some more some more logs under it and

422
00:22:08,160 --> 00:22:09,879
Speaker 1: it will eventually stand up. Yeah, I mean you have

423
00:22:09,960 --> 00:22:13,119
Speaker 1: to use counterweight essentially. And people would dig a large

424
00:22:13,119 --> 00:22:15,879
Speaker 1: hole with a sloping side, and then the back of

425
00:22:15,880 --> 00:22:18,880
Speaker 1: a hole would be lined with a row of wooden steaks, right,

426
00:22:19,400 --> 00:22:22,480
Speaker 1: and then the stone was then moved into position and

427
00:22:22,600 --> 00:22:27,879
Speaker 1: hauled upright using plant fiber ropes and probably a wooden

428
00:22:27,960 --> 00:22:31,240
Speaker 1: a frame, and then weights may have been used to

429
00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:34,040
Speaker 1: help tip the stones upright. So again you've got the

430
00:22:34,320 --> 00:22:37,840
Speaker 1: counterweight idea. And that whole would have been packed with

431
00:22:37,920 --> 00:22:39,919
Speaker 1: a bunch of rubble to to keep all of that

432
00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:43,879
Speaker 1: secure in there. It's just a little bit crazy to

433
00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:45,959
Speaker 1: think about this. Yeah, and then you still have to

434
00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:48,560
Speaker 1: raise the lintil portion of it. You've got to get

435
00:22:48,920 --> 00:22:51,679
Speaker 1: get those stones up, the horizontal ones that are a

436
00:22:51,720 --> 00:22:54,880
Speaker 1: top the vertical ones, and that's a whole different situations.

437
00:22:54,960 --> 00:23:00,119
Speaker 1: Can they believe probably involved using timber platforms yep to

438
00:23:00,240 --> 00:23:02,840
Speaker 1: raise the horizontal lintels into place first of all, and

439
00:23:02,880 --> 00:23:04,359
Speaker 1: then just kind of make sure they're all hooked in

440
00:23:04,400 --> 00:23:06,560
Speaker 1: there in that tongue in groove system. Yeah, and then

441
00:23:06,560 --> 00:23:08,480
Speaker 1: you gotta do some fine tuning on top of that,

442
00:23:08,760 --> 00:23:11,440
Speaker 1: just to make sure that everything's lining up. And then

443
00:23:11,920 --> 00:23:16,359
Speaker 1: then you're set for centuries for thousands of years. That's right.

444
00:23:16,840 --> 00:23:19,760
Speaker 1: Quite a barn raising actually, Alright. So there you have it.

445
00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:22,119
Speaker 1: Stonehenge is built. And you know, through through all of

446
00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:25,480
Speaker 1: this though, I'm imagining people working on this. I'm imagining

447
00:23:25,960 --> 00:23:29,640
Speaker 1: uh Neolithic men and women uh just you know, pounding

448
00:23:29,880 --> 00:23:32,320
Speaker 1: with their stone tools to shape these things, or or

449
00:23:32,400 --> 00:23:37,800
Speaker 1: painstakingly erecting this this stone. And I'm just imagining one

450
00:23:37,840 --> 00:23:40,280
Speaker 1: of these dudes just poking his head up and say,

451
00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:42,480
Speaker 1: why are we doing this again? What? Why are we

452
00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:46,439
Speaker 1: devoting all of our free time to constructing this, this

453
00:23:46,520 --> 00:23:49,000
Speaker 1: thing that I may not live to see completed. Well,

454
00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:51,359
Speaker 1: I think that's the thing that's so intriguing about it,

455
00:23:51,400 --> 00:23:53,359
Speaker 1: because you wish, you just wish that you could go

456
00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:55,679
Speaker 1: back in time and hear some of the stories and

457
00:23:55,720 --> 00:23:58,919
Speaker 1: the mythology and and and just the reasons for for

458
00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:02,119
Speaker 1: why they were doing us, because I imagine that it's

459
00:24:02,160 --> 00:24:06,560
Speaker 1: some very rich storytelling and keeping this uh, this monument,

460
00:24:06,840 --> 00:24:10,400
Speaker 1: not only just erecting it, but adding to it over

461
00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:15,040
Speaker 1: year period. That's a very strong and compelling story that

462
00:24:15,160 --> 00:24:19,800
Speaker 1: was told. And So in the next episode of Stuff

463
00:24:19,840 --> 00:24:21,760
Speaker 1: to Blow your Mind, we will get into the wise,

464
00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:25,560
Speaker 1: we'll get into the theories regarding and really the strong

465
00:24:25,640 --> 00:24:28,239
Speaker 1: theory that we have now regarding why they did this

466
00:24:28,480 --> 00:24:35,080
Speaker 1: to begin with plot spoiler Aliens. Yeah, there you go. Sorry,

467
00:24:35,240 --> 00:24:38,600
Speaker 1: that's it. That's like it's a one second episode. The

468
00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:42,280
Speaker 1: next one Aliens. Al Right, Well, hey, in the meantime,

469
00:24:42,280 --> 00:24:44,399
Speaker 1: if you want to reach out to us, let us

470
00:24:44,440 --> 00:24:49,240
Speaker 1: know about your experiences with Stonehenge, be they in person experiences.

471
00:24:49,240 --> 00:24:52,000
Speaker 1: Have you visited Stonehenge and if so, what were your

472
00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:54,040
Speaker 1: thoughts about it? How did it do the site have

473
00:24:54,119 --> 00:24:56,639
Speaker 1: a really profound impact on you or is it just

474
00:24:56,720 --> 00:24:59,239
Speaker 1: kind of stone Let us know. We'd love to hear from.

475
00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:01,480
Speaker 1: You can find us all the usual places. Stuff to

476
00:25:01,480 --> 00:25:03,680
Speaker 1: Blow your Mind dot com is the mothership. That's where

477
00:25:03,720 --> 00:25:05,600
Speaker 1: all of our stuff is. You want to find our blogs,

478
00:25:05,800 --> 00:25:07,080
Speaker 1: go to stuff to Blow your Mind dot com. You

479
00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:08,560
Speaker 1: want to find our videos, go to stuff blow your

480
00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:10,760
Speaker 1: Mind Out, Tom. You want to find anything else we're doing,

481
00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:15,360
Speaker 1: as well as links out to our social media accounts, Twitter, Facebook, Tumbler,

482
00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:19,160
Speaker 1: Google Plus, SoundCloud, YouTube, you name it. All the links

483
00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:21,600
Speaker 1: are there at stuff to Blow your Mind dot com.

484
00:25:21,600 --> 00:25:23,560
Speaker 1: That's right, Do it to it and if you want

485
00:25:23,600 --> 00:25:25,520
Speaker 1: to send us an email, you can do so at

486
00:25:25,560 --> 00:25:33,040
Speaker 1: blow the Mind at discovery dot com. For more on

487
00:25:33,119 --> 00:25:35,560
Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics, does it how stuff

488
00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:43,040
Speaker 1: works dot com