WEBVTT - Altman Meets with Mideast Investors as OpenAI Eyes $830 Valuation 0:00:02.480 --> 0:00:07.080 Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio news. 0:00:07.280 --> 0:00:09.200 We want to go live to the stage in Davos 0:00:09.240 --> 0:00:11.719 now where Elon Musk is speaking with black Rock CEO. 0:00:12.000 --> 0:00:16.360 Very think it's an important component of huween what we 0:00:16.400 --> 0:00:20.000 are and I'm thrilled to have Elon Musk here. 0:00:22.040 --> 0:00:24.160 He came all the way from California to be here. 0:00:24.239 --> 0:00:26.759 It's to see all of you. So thank you, Elon. 0:00:27.240 --> 0:00:32.800 You was welcome. I mean I heard I heard about 0:00:33.240 --> 0:00:36.839 about the formation of the Peace Summit and I was like, 0:00:36.960 --> 0:00:44.320 is that is that p I e c uh, you know, 0:00:44.320 --> 0:00:47.040 a little piece of Greenland, a little Pisa. 0:00:47.360 --> 0:00:50.320 Thanks, we got one. 0:00:51.040 --> 0:00:51.920 All we want is peace. 0:00:52.600 --> 0:00:55.160 Okay, I'm gonna as I said, I'm a pretty proud 0:00:55.360 --> 0:00:59.000 uh CEO of black Rock since we went public. Uh, 0:00:59.600 --> 0:01:02.080 the com pounding return of blocklock to our shoulders with 0:01:02.160 --> 0:01:09.600 twenty one percent. Since Elon took Tesla public, his compounded. 0:01:08.920 --> 0:01:12.560 Return is forty three percent. 0:01:14.840 --> 0:01:18.280 This is just another advertisement for everybody, especially for Europeans. 0:01:18.959 --> 0:01:24.120 This is why more citizens should be investing with growth, 0:01:24.600 --> 0:01:27.959 investing with your countries. Imagine if a lot of pension 0:01:28.000 --> 0:01:33.160 funds invested with Elon when Tesla went public and how 0:01:33.280 --> 0:01:38.319 much we return with the all the pension funds that 0:01:38.959 --> 0:01:41.720 invested side by side with Elon and the growth, so 0:01:42.720 --> 0:01:44.119 a spectacular return. 0:01:44.200 --> 0:01:46.080 There's very few companies. 0:01:46.800 --> 0:01:48.960 Well, I don't think there's any other company as large 0:01:48.960 --> 0:01:51.440 as Tesla today that has that compoundent return. 0:01:51.520 --> 0:01:54.040 So congratulations, I think a good measurement. 0:01:54.320 --> 0:01:56.960 Well, we have an incredible team a Tesla. That's the reason. 0:01:57.560 --> 0:02:02.480 So I want to get into there the meaningful component 0:02:02.520 --> 0:02:07.200 about technology, the possibilities. I want to talk about AI 0:02:07.240 --> 0:02:11.840 and robotics, energy, space and the progress ultimately coming down 0:02:11.880 --> 0:02:19.280 to engineering, engineering, discipline, scale execution, and few people, if 0:02:19.320 --> 0:02:24.320 not anyone, has the experience and the fortitude to confront 0:02:24.360 --> 0:02:27.639 these issues head on, not just the ideas, but the 0:02:27.680 --> 0:02:31.799 execution across so many different technology Zelon and that's why 0:02:32.040 --> 0:02:34.080 I thought it was important for us to have this 0:02:34.160 --> 0:02:40.320 dialogue here in Davos. So you're presently building on AI, 0:02:40.480 --> 0:02:44.280 on robotics, on space, on energy all at the same time. 0:02:45.280 --> 0:02:49.320 When you look across those efforts, what do they have 0:02:49.360 --> 0:02:53.440 in common from an engineering standpoint, Well, they're. 0:02:53.240 --> 0:02:55.200 All vertical technology challenges. 0:02:56.080 --> 0:02:56.400 But the. 0:02:58.400 --> 0:03:03.400 Overall goal of my companies is to maximize the future 0:03:03.919 --> 0:03:08.160 of civilization, like basically maximize the probability that civilization has 0:03:08.200 --> 0:03:14.600 a great future and to expand consciousness beyond Earth. So 0:03:15.560 --> 0:03:19.200 take SpaceX for example, that SpaceX is about build advancing 0:03:19.280 --> 0:03:22.840 rocket technology to the point where we can extend life 0:03:22.840 --> 0:03:27.679 and consciousness beyond Earth, to the Moon, to Mars, eventually 0:03:27.720 --> 0:03:32.440 to other star systems. And I think we should always 0:03:32.480 --> 0:03:37.160 view consciousness life as we know it, as as precarious 0:03:37.520 --> 0:03:42.160 and delicate, because to the best of our knowledge, we 0:03:42.760 --> 0:03:45.560 don't know if life anywhere else. You know, I'm often 0:03:45.600 --> 0:03:50.960 asked other aliens among us and I'll say that I 0:03:51.000 --> 0:03:51.680 am one. 0:03:52.000 --> 0:03:53.960 But or are you here from the future? 0:03:54.200 --> 0:04:00.600 They don't believe me, okay, So I think if anyone 0:04:00.640 --> 0:04:02.360 would know if there are aliens among us, it would 0:04:02.360 --> 0:04:08.360 be me. And we have nine thousand satellites up there, 0:04:08.920 --> 0:04:11.800 and not once have we had to maneuver around an 0:04:11.840 --> 0:04:16.520 alien spaceship. So like, I don't know. The bottom line is, 0:04:16.560 --> 0:04:20.480 I think we need to assume that life and consciousness 0:04:20.600 --> 0:04:23.960 is extremely rare and it might only be us. And 0:04:24.560 --> 0:04:26.800 if that's the case, then we need to do everything 0:04:26.880 --> 0:04:32.479 possible to ensure that the light of the light of 0:04:32.520 --> 0:04:38.080 consciousness is not extinguished because we're effectively the way I view, 0:04:38.120 --> 0:04:40.880 it is the measure, in my mind, is of a 0:04:40.960 --> 0:04:46.480 tiny candle in a vast darkness, tiny candle of consciousness 0:04:46.960 --> 0:04:50.359 that could easily go out. And that's why it's important 0:04:50.400 --> 0:04:53.720 to make life multiplanetary such that if there is a 0:04:53.800 --> 0:04:57.200 natural disaster or a man made disaster on Earth, that 0:04:57.200 --> 0:05:03.400 consciousness continues. That's the purpose of SpaceX Tesla is obviously 0:05:03.440 --> 0:05:09.599 about sustainable technology and and and also at this point 0:05:09.600 --> 0:05:13.480 we've we've sort of added to our mission sustainable abundance. 0:05:14.520 --> 0:05:20.640 So with the robotics and AI, this this is really 0:05:20.640 --> 0:05:24.479 the path to abundance for all. If you say, you know, 0:05:24.480 --> 0:05:30.880 people often talk about solving global poverty or essentially how 0:05:30.920 --> 0:05:35.240 do we make give everyone a very high standard of living? 0:05:35.920 --> 0:05:38.320 I think the only way to do this is AI 0:05:38.640 --> 0:05:44.640 and robotics, which which doesn't mean that it is without 0:05:44.680 --> 0:05:46.800 its issues. I mean this, We need to be very 0:05:46.839 --> 0:05:49.960 careful with AI, We need to be very careful with robotics. 0:05:50.800 --> 0:05:54.520 We don't want to find ourselves in a James Camera movie. Uh, 0:05:56.320 --> 0:06:00.919 you know, Terminator. He's great, great movies, love his movies. 0:06:00.920 --> 0:06:04.479 But we don't want to be a Terminator. Obviously. But 0:06:04.920 --> 0:06:10.320 if you have ubiquitous AI, that is essentially free or 0:06:10.320 --> 0:06:15.479 close to it, and ubiquitous robotics, then you will have 0:06:16.160 --> 0:06:20.240 an an explosion in the global economy, an expansion in 0:06:20.240 --> 0:06:24.480 the global economy that is truly beyond all precedent. 0:06:25.279 --> 0:06:29.240 And can that expansion be broad or is it narrow? 0:06:29.680 --> 0:06:32.760 And how can that be created? How can it broaden 0:06:32.839 --> 0:06:33.800 the global economy? 0:06:35.480 --> 0:06:40.160 Yeah, it's I mean, I mean the way to think 0:06:40.200 --> 0:06:41.800 of it is that if you have a large number 0:06:41.839 --> 0:06:49.520 of humanoid robots, the economic output is the average productivity 0:06:49.600 --> 0:06:55.520 per robot times the number of robots. Right, And actually, 0:06:55.520 --> 0:06:58.920 my prediction is the in the benign scenario of the 0:06:58.920 --> 0:07:02.440 future that we will the robots will actually make so 0:07:02.480 --> 0:07:05.200 many robots in AI that they will actually saturate all 0:07:05.320 --> 0:07:08.160 human needs, I meaning you won't be able to even 0:07:08.560 --> 0:07:12.480 think of something to ask the robot for at a 0:07:12.520 --> 0:07:16.400 certain point, like like there will be such an abundance 0:07:16.440 --> 0:07:21.920 of goods and services because the my prediction is there'll 0:07:21.920 --> 0:07:23.360 be there'll be more robots than people. 0:07:23.640 --> 0:07:27.360 So but how do you then have human purpose in 0:07:27.360 --> 0:07:28.160 that scenario? 0:07:28.840 --> 0:07:32.520 I mean, you know, there was nothing is perfect, you know, 0:07:35.360 --> 0:07:38.920 but I mean, I mean, is it is a necessary 0:07:41.360 --> 0:07:43.600 Like you can't have both, You can't have work that 0:07:43.680 --> 0:07:48.480 has to be done, uh, and amazing abundance for all 0:07:50.480 --> 0:07:52.280 because if it's if it's work that has to be done, 0:07:52.320 --> 0:07:54.720 then then then you and and only some people can 0:07:54.760 --> 0:07:58.160 do it, then then you you can't have abundance narrow 0:07:58.520 --> 0:08:04.280 narrow exactly. So but if you if you have billions 0:08:04.280 --> 0:08:08.000 of humanoid robots, and I think it will be I 0:08:08.000 --> 0:08:09.800 think I think everyone on Earth is going to have 0:08:09.840 --> 0:08:14.840 one and going to want one because you're who wouldn't 0:08:14.880 --> 0:08:19.280 want a robot to you know, assuming it's very safe, 0:08:20.080 --> 0:08:23.760 watch over your kids, take care of your pet, if 0:08:23.800 --> 0:08:27.080 you have elderly parents. A lot of friends of mine 0:08:27.080 --> 0:08:29.760 have said that for elderly parents, it's it's very difficult 0:08:29.800 --> 0:08:33.160 to take care of them. Yeah, it's expensive, and it's expensive, 0:08:33.200 --> 0:08:35.520 and they just aren't enough people to take care of 0:08:35.559 --> 0:08:37.640 the not enough young people to take care of the 0:08:37.640 --> 0:08:42.760 old people. Right, So if if they if you had 0:08:42.760 --> 0:08:46.120 a robot that could take care of and protect and 0:08:46.520 --> 0:08:49.240 elderly parents, I think that would be great. That would 0:08:49.240 --> 0:08:53.120 be an amazing thing to have and and I think 0:08:53.160 --> 0:08:57.440 we will have those things. So overall, I'm very optimistic 0:08:57.440 --> 0:08:59.520 about the future. I think we're headed for a future 0:08:59.600 --> 0:09:06.480 of amazing abundance, which is very cool and uh and 0:09:06.720 --> 0:09:09.920 definitely we are in the most interesting time in history. 0:09:12.280 --> 0:09:14.960 I think there's more a more interesting time in history. 0:09:16.040 --> 0:09:18.920 Can we can you and I reverse aging in this 0:09:18.960 --> 0:09:21.840 new history or or are we going to see it? 0:09:24.120 --> 0:09:24.640 You know, I haven't. 0:09:24.720 --> 0:09:28.640 I haven't put much time into the aging stuff. I 0:09:28.920 --> 0:09:31.720 do think it is a very solvable problem that you 0:09:31.760 --> 0:09:36.160 can do. I think when we find figure out what 0:09:36.200 --> 0:09:39.880 causes aging, I think we'll find it's incredibly obvious. It's 0:09:39.920 --> 0:09:43.240 not a subtle thing. The reason I say it's not 0:09:43.240 --> 0:09:46.040 a subtle thing is because all the cells in your body, 0:09:46.240 --> 0:09:48.920 you know, with some pretty much age at the same rate. 0:09:50.120 --> 0:09:53.480 I've never seen someone with with an old left arm 0:09:53.559 --> 0:09:57.200 and a young right arm ever in my life. So 0:09:57.200 --> 0:10:00.320 why is that? That means that there must be a 0:10:00.320 --> 0:10:05.200 synchronizing clock that is synchronizing across thirty five trillion cells 0:10:05.200 --> 0:10:14.320 in your body. And you know there is some benefit 0:10:14.400 --> 0:10:17.640 to death by the way, It's like there's there's a 0:10:17.679 --> 0:10:21.840 reason why we don't actually have a longer lifespan, because 0:10:21.880 --> 0:10:24.719 if you have, if people do live forever for a 0:10:24.800 --> 0:10:27.280 very long time, I think there's some risk of an 0:10:27.280 --> 0:10:32.520 ossification of society of things just getting kind of locked 0:10:32.559 --> 0:10:42.920 in place, and you know, it just may become stultifying, 0:10:43.080 --> 0:10:48.720 just not lack vibrancy. But that's said, do I think 0:10:48.800 --> 0:10:55.280 we'll figure out ways to extend life and and maybe 0:10:55.280 --> 0:10:57.520 even reverse aging. I think that's highly likely. 0:10:59.320 --> 0:11:05.480 I'm looking forward to that. Yeah, So in the future 0:11:05.480 --> 0:11:09.880 that you talk about the AI models, autonomous machines rockets 0:11:09.880 --> 0:11:16.840 depends on massive increases a compute, massive increases energy expensive energy, 0:11:17.800 --> 0:11:19.679 manufacturing scale. 0:11:20.360 --> 0:11:22.600 What are the mottle next to get there? 0:11:22.920 --> 0:11:27.600 And once again, with all that expenditures, again, how can 0:11:27.640 --> 0:11:30.560 we make sure that it's broughten not narrow. 0:11:37.040 --> 0:11:38.680 I just think the natural thing is it's going to 0:11:38.679 --> 0:11:43.040 be very broad because AI companies will seek as many 0:11:43.040 --> 0:11:46.000 customers as they possibly can, and the cost of AYE 0:11:46.000 --> 0:11:50.000 will get is already very low, and it's planeting every year, 0:11:50.600 --> 0:11:54.040 I mean almost the cost of AI is almost changed, 0:11:54.400 --> 0:11:56.280 meaningfully changing on a month's month basis. 0:11:56.720 --> 0:11:59.520 There's open there's open models now everywhere. 0:11:59.640 --> 0:12:03.760 Yes, very as open models, and the open models only 0:12:03.840 --> 0:12:07.560 lack there maybe a year behind, right, the private the 0:12:07.600 --> 0:12:14.640 sort of closed models. So so I think the AI 0:12:14.760 --> 0:12:17.680 companies will seek as many customers as possible which means 0:12:17.840 --> 0:12:20.000 they'll see they'll provide AI to the world. 0:12:20.080 --> 0:12:23.600 But the cost of getting to there, the compute, the chips, 0:12:25.160 --> 0:12:31.640 the fab the powering that to me, what are the 0:12:31.679 --> 0:12:34.160 what are the you know, those are a huge limiting factor. 0:12:34.360 --> 0:12:38.640 I think the limiting factor for AI deployment is fundamentally 0:12:39.280 --> 0:12:40.079 electrical power. 0:12:40.160 --> 0:12:41.960 It's just like its energy. 0:12:42.880 --> 0:12:47.319 Yeah, yeah, I mean we're seeing the rate of AI 0:12:47.400 --> 0:12:51.320 chip production increase exponentially, but the rate of electricity being 0:12:51.360 --> 0:12:52.480 vote online is. 0:12:54.920 --> 0:12:55.760 Year acts. 0:12:55.880 --> 0:12:59.920 Yeah, it's clear that we're very soon, maybe even later 0:13:00.000 --> 0:13:02.800 this year, we'll be producing more trips than we can 0:13:02.840 --> 0:13:08.360 turn on. Except for China. China. China is China's growth 0:13:08.360 --> 0:13:10.240 and electricity is tremendous. 0:13:10.600 --> 0:13:12.960 Hundred gigawatts of nuclear as we speak. 0:13:13.720 --> 0:13:17.080 Actually, solar is the biggest thing in China, So China is. 0:13:17.679 --> 0:13:20.280 I believe Chinese production capacity on solar is fifteen hundred 0:13:20.280 --> 0:13:24.840 gigawats a year, and they're deploying over a thousand gigawatts 0:13:24.880 --> 0:13:31.439 a year of solar. Now, you know, for continuous solar load, 0:13:31.840 --> 0:13:36.680 you divide that by roughly four or five call it. 0:13:36.760 --> 0:13:41.200 That's around two hundred and fifty gigawats of steady state power. 0:13:42.360 --> 0:13:47.400 Paired with batteries, and that's a very big number. That's 0:13:47.400 --> 0:13:51.480 half of the average power usage in the US. Sous 0:13:51.640 --> 0:13:56.760 US power usage on average is five hundred gigawats China. 0:13:56.920 --> 0:14:00.680 Just in solar, just like just in solar, act that 0:14:01.600 --> 0:14:06.480 can provide steady state power and batteries can do half 0:14:06.600 --> 0:14:10.280 of the US electricity output fer year just for solar. 0:14:10.320 --> 0:14:16.160 Solar is by far the biggest source of energy. And 0:14:16.240 --> 0:14:19.960 actually when you look beyond or even on Earth, but 0:14:20.000 --> 0:14:24.960 certainly beyond Earth, the Sun rounds up to one hundred 0:14:24.960 --> 0:14:28.480 percent of all energy. This is an important thing to consider. 0:14:30.040 --> 0:14:33.640 So the Sun is ninety nine point eight percent of 0:14:33.720 --> 0:14:36.800 the mass of the Solar system, Jupiter is about point 0:14:36.800 --> 0:14:40.960 one percent, and everything else is miscellaneous. Now, even if 0:14:41.000 --> 0:14:48.400 you were to burn Jupiter in a thermino yactor, the 0:14:49.080 --> 0:14:51.800 amount of energy produced by the Sun would still round 0:14:51.840 --> 0:14:54.120 up to one hundred percent, because Jupiter is only point 0:14:54.160 --> 0:14:58.320 one percent. If you teleported teleported three more jupiters into 0:14:58.360 --> 0:15:04.040 our solar system and burnt three more Jupiters and everything 0:15:04.040 --> 0:15:08.240 else in the Solar system, the Sun's energy we're still 0:15:08.320 --> 0:15:13.000 round up to. So it's really all about the Sun, 0:15:14.040 --> 0:15:17.200 and that's That's why one of the things we'll be 0:15:17.200 --> 0:15:23.200 doing with SpaceX within a few years is launching solar 0:15:23.280 --> 0:15:28.800 powered AI satellites because the space is really the source 0:15:28.840 --> 0:15:31.520 of immense power, and then you don't need to take 0:15:31.560 --> 0:15:35.520 up any room on Earth. There's so much room in space, 0:15:36.120 --> 0:15:40.440 and you can scale to enormous I mean, you can 0:15:40.480 --> 0:15:45.760 scale to I think ultimately hundreds hundreds of terror worts 0:15:45.800 --> 0:15:46.040 a year. 0:15:50.080 --> 0:15:53.240 You and I have had these conversations before it. What 0:15:53.320 --> 0:15:55.600 did you tell the audience what would it take for 0:15:55.680 --> 0:15:58.400 the United States? And what type of geography would it 0:15:58.440 --> 0:16:02.720 take to have that solar field to electrify the United States? 0:16:02.720 --> 0:16:05.000 And then let me ask a question, why aren't we 0:16:05.000 --> 0:16:05.440 doing it? 0:16:06.920 --> 0:16:09.320 Yeah? So, I mean, I guess the rough way to 0:16:09.360 --> 0:16:12.480 think about it is one hundred miles by one hundred 0:16:12.520 --> 0:16:15.680 miles or one hundred and sixty kilometers by one hundred 0:16:15.680 --> 0:16:19.800 and sixty kilometers of solar is enough to power the 0:16:19.920 --> 0:16:26.240 entire United States. So miles one hundred mile areas is 0:16:26.440 --> 0:16:28.440 I mean that you could take basically a small corner 0:16:28.480 --> 0:16:33.400 of Utah, Nevada, Nevada, New Mexico. Obviously wouldn't want it 0:16:33.400 --> 0:16:37.720 all in one place, but it's a very small percentage 0:16:37.760 --> 0:16:41.680 of the area of the US to generate all of 0:16:41.680 --> 0:16:45.120 the electricity that the US uses. And the same is 0:16:45.120 --> 0:16:48.520 true actually, I mean for Europe, you could take a 0:16:48.560 --> 0:16:53.800 small part. You could take relatively unpopulated areas of say 0:16:53.800 --> 0:16:57.680 Spain and Sicily and generate all of the electricity power 0:16:57.760 --> 0:16:58.560 that your needs. 0:16:58.760 --> 0:17:00.920 So why don't you think that there's a movement towards 0:17:00.960 --> 0:17:03.480 that here and in the United States? 0:17:04.359 --> 0:17:07.160 Well, there is, as it is in China. 0:17:07.440 --> 0:17:12.720 Well, unfortunately in the US the tariff barriers for solar 0:17:13.280 --> 0:17:18.040 are extremely high, and that makes the economics of deploying 0:17:18.080 --> 0:17:24.480 solo artificially high because China makes almost all the solar 0:17:25.600 --> 0:17:26.960 and and that what. 0:17:26.920 --> 0:17:28.880 Would it take for Europe or the US to build 0:17:28.920 --> 0:17:34.280 it commercially if it's that scale, Yeah. 0:17:34.440 --> 0:17:37.359 I think I think. Well I can tell you what 0:17:37.640 --> 0:17:40.800 we're going to do. You know, SpaceX and Tesla is 0:17:40.840 --> 0:17:45.920 we're building up large scale solar. So the SpaceX and 0:17:45.960 --> 0:17:49.280 Tesla teams, both separately are working to build to one 0:17:49.359 --> 0:17:51.639 hundred gigo what's a year of solar power in the 0:17:51.720 --> 0:17:58.680 US of manufactured solar power, and that'll probably take a 0:17:58.760 --> 0:18:02.119 center in about three years. But that's that's these are 0:18:02.119 --> 0:18:07.399 pretty big numbers, and you know, I encourage others to 0:18:07.960 --> 0:18:12.399 do the same. We obviously don't control that. You know, 0:18:12.440 --> 0:18:19.840 your your tariff policy. Uh, but for for for other countries, UH, 0:18:20.600 --> 0:18:24.560 I would reckon that this China makes solo cells that 0:18:24.640 --> 0:18:28.159 are incredibly low costs, and I think it would be 0:18:28.160 --> 0:18:30.320 worth doing a large scale solo. 0:18:34.800 --> 0:18:40.440 So I know you are You're going to be having 0:18:40.560 --> 0:18:43.320 a couple of big announcements on robotics and what it 0:18:43.359 --> 0:18:45.600 can do. I mean, when I went to the factory, 0:18:45.600 --> 0:18:52.880 you showed me those robots. How quickly you talked about 0:18:52.920 --> 0:18:56.119 the billions of robots, but how quickly and how quickly 0:18:56.160 --> 0:18:59.439 can they be deployed in a manufacturing setting. How quickly 0:18:59.480 --> 0:19:04.240 can they be utilize and be functional and be create 0:19:04.320 --> 0:19:06.240 that that abundance that you talked about. 0:19:09.720 --> 0:19:16.280 Well, humanoid robotics will advance very quickly. I think we 0:19:16.880 --> 0:19:20.720 do have some the Tael's Optimus robots doing simple tasks 0:19:20.720 --> 0:19:27.080 in the factory, except probably later this year. By the 0:19:27.160 --> 0:19:28.520 end of this year, I think they will be doing 0:19:29.640 --> 0:19:36.399 more more complex tasks and still deployed in an industrial environment, 0:19:37.440 --> 0:19:42.800 and and probably sometime next year. I'd say that by 0:19:42.840 --> 0:19:46.280 the by the end of next year, I think would 0:19:46.280 --> 0:19:52.440 be selling humanoid robots to the public. That that's when 0:19:52.480 --> 0:19:56.440 we are confident that it's very higher liability, very high safety, 0:19:57.000 --> 0:20:00.520 and the range of functionality is uh is also very high. 0:20:00.560 --> 0:20:02.399 You can basically ask it to do anything you'd like. 0:20:03.680 --> 0:20:06.840 You're already seen that in Tesla car. Is the software 0:20:06.960 --> 0:20:08.879 changes that you're doing and what is it? Every quarter 0:20:08.960 --> 0:20:12.600 now a software change that upgrades the ability of the 0:20:12.680 --> 0:20:13.800 robot within the car. 0:20:15.480 --> 0:20:18.639 Yes, the tails a full self driving software. We update 0:20:18.680 --> 0:20:23.760 it sometimes once a week and there recently some of 0:20:23.800 --> 0:20:28.359 the insurance companies have said that it is actually so safe. 0:20:27.880 --> 0:20:32.320 Where tells a full self driving so safe that uh, 0:20:32.760 --> 0:20:38.040 they're they're offering customers half price insurance if they if 0:20:38.080 --> 0:20:40.480 they use tess a full self driving in the car. 0:20:40.680 --> 0:20:42.840 And that could be monitored by the insurance company, can 0:20:42.880 --> 0:20:44.000 they Is that part of the agreement? 0:20:44.200 --> 0:20:54.320 Yeah? But I think self driving cars is essentially a 0:20:54.359 --> 0:20:59.320 solved problem at this point, right, and test tells us 0:20:59.480 --> 0:21:02.880 a role out sort of robotaxi service in a few 0:21:02.880 --> 0:21:08.240 cities and will I be very very widespread by the 0:21:08.320 --> 0:21:11.960 end of this year within the US, and then we 0:21:12.320 --> 0:21:16.040 hope to get supervisor for self driving approval in Europe 0:21:16.240 --> 0:21:17.040 hopefully next. 0:21:16.880 --> 0:21:18.320 Month really quickly. 0:21:18.840 --> 0:21:24.160 Yeah, and then maybe a similar timing for China, hopefully. 0:21:24.960 --> 0:21:27.399 I want to move to space because historically space is 0:21:27.840 --> 0:21:32.159 very capital and intensive, historically been done by governments of 0:21:32.359 --> 0:21:33.159 least space. 0:21:32.920 --> 0:21:34.600 Exchange, the whole model. 0:21:35.640 --> 0:21:38.560 But we've seen it slow to scale and now I'm 0:21:38.600 --> 0:21:40.000 starting to see it ramping up. 0:21:39.880 --> 0:21:41.320 In what you're doing and other things. 0:21:43.480 --> 0:21:46.280 Talk to us about the reasons, you know, the automation 0:21:46.440 --> 0:21:49.679 and AI, how it's changing the economics and building and 0:21:49.760 --> 0:21:52.040 preparing for us in operating in space. 0:21:53.960 --> 0:22:01.120 Sure. Well, the key brain through that tells that that's 0:22:01.600 --> 0:22:04.040 the major breakthrough that SpaceX is hoping to achieve this 0:22:04.160 --> 0:22:10.240 year is full reusability. So no one has ever achieved 0:22:10.240 --> 0:22:12.680 full reusability of a rocket, which is very important for 0:22:13.160 --> 0:22:17.080 the cost of access to space. We've achieved partial reusability 0:22:17.119 --> 0:22:19.760 with Falcon line by landing the boost stage. We've now 0:22:19.800 --> 0:22:24.480 landed the boost stage over five hundred times, but we 0:22:24.760 --> 0:22:27.359 don't we have to throw away the upper stage. The 0:22:27.400 --> 0:22:29.960 uper stage burns up on re entry for Falcon nine, 0:22:30.040 --> 0:22:32.960 so and that the cost of that is equivalent to 0:22:33.119 --> 0:22:38.080 a small to medium sized jet. So, but with with 0:22:38.200 --> 0:22:41.399 Starship which is a giant rocket. It's the largest flying 0:22:41.440 --> 0:22:42.480 machine ever made, not. 0:22:42.560 --> 0:22:44.840 The rocket that you're using for the idea of going 0:22:44.840 --> 0:22:45.720 to Mars, right. 0:22:46.119 --> 0:22:49.480 Yeah, Mars and the Moon, as well as for high 0:22:49.520 --> 0:22:56.119 volume satellite stuff. So Starship. Hopefully this year we should 0:22:56.480 --> 0:23:02.000 prove full reusability for Starship, which will be a profound 0:23:03.040 --> 0:23:09.600 invention because the cost of access to space will drop 0:23:09.640 --> 0:23:13.440 by a factor of one hundred when you're chief full reusability. 0:23:15.160 --> 0:23:17.440 It's the same sort of economic difference that you would 0:23:17.480 --> 0:23:21.959 expect that between say a reusable aircraft and a non 0:23:22.040 --> 0:23:25.200 reusable aircraft. Like if you have to throw aircraft away 0:23:25.240 --> 0:23:28.120 after every flight, that would be a very expensive flight. 0:23:29.760 --> 0:23:32.800 But if you only have to refuel, then it's the 0:23:32.840 --> 0:23:39.720 cost of the fuel. And so that's really the fundamental 0:23:39.720 --> 0:23:44.159 breakthrough that gets the cost of access to space we 0:23:44.280 --> 0:23:51.919 think below the cost of a freight on aircraft, so 0:23:53.720 --> 0:23:56.560 you know, under one hundred dollars a pound type of 0:23:56.600 --> 0:24:04.480 thing easily. So it makes putting large satellites into into 0:24:04.560 --> 0:24:08.720 space very low, very cheap. And then when you have 0:24:08.760 --> 0:24:13.600 solar in space, you get five times more effectiveness, maybe 0:24:13.680 --> 0:24:16.520 even more than that than solar on the ground because 0:24:16.640 --> 0:24:21.199 it's always sunny cold. Yeah, it's it's it's always well, 0:24:21.200 --> 0:24:23.239 it's toways sunny. So you don't have a day night 0:24:23.320 --> 0:24:28.440 cycle or seasonality or weather, and you get about thirty 0:24:28.440 --> 0:24:32.840 percent more power in space because you don't have atrospheric 0:24:32.840 --> 0:24:36.119 attenuation of the power. The net effect is solar is 0:24:36.200 --> 0:24:41.280 five times more. Any given solar panel will do five 0:24:41.320 --> 0:24:46.080 times more energy in space than on the ground. 0:24:46.240 --> 0:24:49.439 There's there any capacity in doing that and taking that 0:24:49.480 --> 0:24:50.880 power and bringing it back to Earth. 0:24:50.960 --> 0:24:52.919 Is there any way of doing that? 0:24:53.359 --> 0:24:55.600 Or you're just taking that power and utilizing it for 0:24:55.680 --> 0:24:56.560 the needs. 0:24:56.440 --> 0:25:01.840 Like building I data centers in the space. 0:25:03.320 --> 0:25:05.399 I think the case is it's a no brainer for 0:25:05.440 --> 0:25:10.160 building AI solar powered AI data centers in space because 0:25:10.160 --> 0:25:12.399 as you mentioned, it's also very cold in space. If 0:25:12.600 --> 0:25:16.320 if you're in the shadow, it's very cold in space. 0:25:16.320 --> 0:25:19.440 There's three degrees Calvin. So you just have your solar 0:25:19.480 --> 0:25:24.960 panels facing the sun and then a radiator that's like 0:25:25.119 --> 0:25:28.040 point like pointed away from the sun so it has 0:25:28.040 --> 0:25:30.399 no sign incidents, and then it's and then it's just cooling. 0:25:30.560 --> 0:25:36.000 It's a very efficient cooling system. So net effect is 0:25:36.040 --> 0:25:39.960 that the lowest cost place to put AI will be 0:25:40.040 --> 0:25:45.040 space and that'll be true within two years, maybe three 0:25:45.160 --> 0:25:45.919 three of the latest. 0:25:47.440 --> 0:25:50.840 So looking ten or twenty years out, well, how would 0:25:50.880 --> 0:25:55.080 you describe success with AI or space technology? 0:25:55.560 --> 0:25:58.080 And where do you see it is that? Can you? 0:25:58.160 --> 0:25:59.879 Are you more certain what's going to happen to the 0:25:59.880 --> 0:26:01.680 next three years or five or ten. 0:26:04.320 --> 0:26:06.040 I don't know what's going to happen in ten years, 0:26:06.080 --> 0:26:10.840 but the rate at which AI is progressing, I think 0:26:10.880 --> 0:26:16.840 we might have AI that is smater than any human 0:26:17.040 --> 0:26:19.600 by the end of this year. And I'd say no 0:26:19.720 --> 0:26:25.399 later the next year well, and then probably by twenty 0:26:25.520 --> 0:26:27.680 thirty or twenty thirty one could five years from now, 0:26:29.520 --> 0:26:33.159 AI will be smarter than all of humanity collectively. 0:26:35.800 --> 0:26:37.480 We only have a number of minutes left. But I 0:26:37.760 --> 0:26:41.280 want to humanize you for a second, so there's no 0:26:41.320 --> 0:26:46.360 speculation like you're right, pie right, I want to I mean, 0:26:46.400 --> 0:26:48.800 I would frame this question by you are the most 0:26:48.800 --> 0:26:53.600 successful entrepreneur industrialists in the twenty first century, maybe beyond. 0:26:55.160 --> 0:26:57.040 So I want to really get this. You know what 0:26:57.160 --> 0:27:01.960 inspired you? Who's inspired you? What was a foundation of 0:27:02.359 --> 0:27:06.520 your curiosity? And and importantly. 0:27:06.560 --> 0:27:08.480 What was the book? What was it? 0:27:08.520 --> 0:27:11.359 Was there an aha moment epiphany at any time in 0:27:11.400 --> 0:27:12.320 your life and career. 0:27:15.080 --> 0:27:18.639 Well, I mean as a kid, I read a lot 0:27:18.680 --> 0:27:22.320