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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff Mom Never Told you?

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Speaker 1: From House Stuff Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Kristen and I'm Caroline, and today we

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Speaker 1: are asking you a question on the minds of many

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Speaker 1: politicians and a question that's coming up a lot in

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Speaker 1: the mainstream media. On Facebook, it's everywhere, and it's whether

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Speaker 1: or not there is a connection between risky sexual behavior

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Speaker 1: and promiscuity and access to birth control and specifically the

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Speaker 1: birth control pill. And this relates to the issue over

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Speaker 1: the Patient Protection and Affordable Act that President Obama signed

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Speaker 1: into law on March, which expanded health insurance coverage and

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Speaker 1: included a provision that would ensure that that birth control

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Speaker 1: would be covered for for women in the US um

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Speaker 1: and that meant that some employers would have to provide

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Speaker 1: for birth control. This has ruffled some feathers, particularly among

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Speaker 1: the Catholic church there and then it got into the

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Speaker 1: air waves with Rush Limbaugh and some very unsavory comments

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Speaker 1: he made about how women who take birth control are

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Speaker 1: essentially and we are using this word because it is

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Speaker 1: used so liberally now in the news sluts, let's birth

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Speaker 1: control turned women into sluts? And the research just to

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Speaker 1: sum it up basically, no, no, just just to calm

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Speaker 1: your fears right out of the gate. But don't stop listening, because,

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Speaker 1: like the abortion podcast that we did a long time ago,

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Speaker 1: even though this issue has been very politicized and there

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Speaker 1: is a huge debate going on right now about UM

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Speaker 1: reproductive rights for women in the US, we want to

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Speaker 1: move aside from the politics as much as we can

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Speaker 1: and really look at the research that's gone into the

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Speaker 1: connection between premarital sex and promiscuity and access to birth control,

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Speaker 1: because honestly, I don't I don't really care who is

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Speaker 1: right and who is wrong. I just want some facts,

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Speaker 1: and I want to the pundits to stop yelling at

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Speaker 1: each other and maybe get down to some Oh I

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Speaker 1: don't know, Caroline, some economics, yes, indeed, yeah, I bet listeners,

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Speaker 1: I bet you weren't thinking about that curveball just through it.

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Speaker 1: And economics really shaped the early attitudes towards sex, as

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Speaker 1: far as the official attitudes held by the church and

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Speaker 1: the state. UM. Often, churches were responsible for funding orphanages,

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Speaker 1: providing support for unwed mothers UM who were part of

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Speaker 1: their their parish, and so they had an economic interest

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Speaker 1: in keeping those women from getting pregnant, because otherwise they

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Speaker 1: would have had to flip the bill, right, because a

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Speaker 1: lot of times, the out of wedlock pregnancy rates were

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Speaker 1: the highest among working women who at the time, and

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Speaker 1: we're talking about in the UM eight hundred, sev hundreds,

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Speaker 1: even going into the sixteen hundreds UM, would not have

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Speaker 1: been able to afford to work outside the home and

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Speaker 1: also raise their child. Now, because of that high price

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Speaker 1: of promiscuity, we're gonna start talking about prices and demand

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Speaker 1: and supply, So get ready, because of that high price

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Speaker 1: of premarital sex, a lot of people abstained until they

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Speaker 1: were married. In the past one hundred years, the rates

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Speaker 1: of premarital sex, especially if we looked just at the

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Speaker 1: United States, have gone up very quickly, UM. And just

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Speaker 1: to give you an idea of where we started, UM,

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Speaker 1: from eighteen to nineteen hundred, the out of wedlock birth

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Speaker 1: rates were extremely low, uh six percent in Australia, nine

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Speaker 1: percent in Germany, five percent in Spain. UM. And during

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Speaker 1: that time, the contraceptive methods were minimal at best, and

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Speaker 1: so you would assume that with such low out of

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Speaker 1: wedlock birthrates, it meant that, you know, many women were

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Speaker 1: not having sex outside of outside of marriage. And this

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Speaker 1: is coming from a great study from the University of

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Speaker 1: Pennsylvania published in November of two thousand eleven called From

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Speaker 1: Shame to Game into one Years, a macro economic model

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Speaker 1: of the rise of premarital sex and it's destigmatization. So

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Speaker 1: going back to the whole cost benefit analysis that we're

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Speaker 1: getting into, as far as the church goes, if the

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Speaker 1: shame or the stigma that is placed on a woman

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Speaker 1: has basically a means of production, if it's benefiting someone,

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Speaker 1: then it's going to continue. And so the act of

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Speaker 1: shaming or um putting someone in the stocks, as as

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Speaker 1: happened for sexual activity, if that can keep them from

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Speaker 1: having sex and therefore having children out of wedlock, then

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Speaker 1: they're going to do what it takes. And so these

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Speaker 1: views kind of get ingrained as part of the church

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Speaker 1: and they end up persisting and so, like I was

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Speaker 1: just talking about, in sixteen o one, the Lancashire Quarter

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Speaker 1: Sessions condemned an unmarried father and mother to be publicly

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Speaker 1: whipped and sit in the stocks. Underneath the placard that

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Speaker 1: said these persons are punished for fornication, and in a

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Speaker 1: sixteen forty eight in new Haven, Connecticut, a court find

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Speaker 1: a couple for having sex out of marriage, saying that

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Speaker 1: the pair should be brought forth to the place of correction,

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Speaker 1: that they may be shamed. Yeah, early America not very

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Speaker 1: friendly toward premarital sex. Also in new Haven, New England,

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Speaker 1: essentially was just like a simmering pot of premarital sex

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Speaker 1: slut shaming. Uh. Sixty of all criminal cases in new Haven,

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Speaker 1: Connecticut between seventeen ten and seventeen five d were for

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Speaker 1: premarital sex SI. That is so much percent. Yes, I

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Speaker 1: just I can't believe that they were that focused on it.

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Speaker 1: And when you read about premarital sex um at this time,

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Speaker 1: it's often vilified as being debauched. It's lascivious, it's loot,

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Speaker 1: it's vain and wanton, it's a selfish act because the

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Speaker 1: price is so high, because they see it as morally

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Speaker 1: degrading two communities into societies and placing undue burden on

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Speaker 1: the church. And then gradually as the state starts to

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Speaker 1: take more control on the state as well, right, and

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Speaker 1: this the cost benefit analysis starts to change. This is

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Speaker 1: from the same study that Kristen mentioned. In the early

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Speaker 1: nineteenth century, French hospitals were instructed to receive abandoned children,

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Speaker 1: thereby reducing the cost of premarital sex i e. Having

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Speaker 1: to raise a child out of wedlock. And so around

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Speaker 1: this time, you know, the wealthy had to worry about

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Speaker 1: how illegitimate the would affect property transfer. So there are

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Speaker 1: a lot of wealthy people telling their children that they

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Speaker 1: better not have sex outside of marriage. Now, one of

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Speaker 1: the biggest impacts to lowering the price of premarital sex

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Speaker 1: is also technology, as contraceptive methods begin to develop. And

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Speaker 1: then we have this crucial moment in nineteen sixty when

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Speaker 1: the first birth control pill is approved by the f

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Speaker 1: d A. The price of premarital sex i e. Pregnancy

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Speaker 1: risk is drastically lowered. And while that's going on, this

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Speaker 1: public attitude towards premarital sex is some kind of lewd

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Speaker 1: and less sevious. Act also begins to change, and you

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Speaker 1: see the shift in public attitude that is that's been

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Speaker 1: slow to catch up, um, but from nineteen hundred to

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Speaker 1: the turn of the twenty one century, the percent of

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Speaker 1: women US women who engaged in premarital sex jumped from

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Speaker 1: six percent to sevent So this is going on, but

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Speaker 1: what our attitudes toward it, because this is very important

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Speaker 1: as well in terms of driving down that price of promiscuity.

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Speaker 1: So in nineteen sixty eight, only fifteen percent of women

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Speaker 1: had a permissive attitude about premarital sex, despite the fact

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Speaker 1: that about of nineteen year old females had done it,

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Speaker 1: and by it I do mean six But then by

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Speaker 1: nineteen eighty three the permissive attitudes had jumped to forty

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Speaker 1: five percent. But at the same time there's still the

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Speaker 1: gap because by then seventy percent of nineteen year old

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Speaker 1: females had had six and two thousand three Harvard study

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Speaker 1: offered some explanations for changing attitudes, and they have some

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Speaker 1: highly technical language that I will break down for you.

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Speaker 1: They say that the replacement of more conservative birth cohorts

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Speaker 1: born in the early twentieth century with more liberal cohorts

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Speaker 1: born later was part of the change, and that just

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Speaker 1: means that our conservative grandparents, our grandparents are dying and

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Speaker 1: that and so they're being replaced by people like us.

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Speaker 1: I know, it's sad um. Another another explanation they give

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Speaker 1: is that age related changes occur in the views of

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Speaker 1: each cohort and that cultural changes affect all of the

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Speaker 1: views of all of the cohorts simultaneously, right, And it's

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Speaker 1: it's really important that we think about this issue of culture.

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Speaker 1: Because there was an article over at the Big Think

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Speaker 1: dot com by Marina odd Shad and she she's looking

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Speaker 1: at this issue of the price of promiscuity and premarital

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Speaker 1: sex falling as a result of birth control, but she

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Speaker 1: is curious about the fact that even though the risk

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Speaker 1: of pregnancy has gone down, the rate of out of

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Speaker 1: wedlock pregnancy has gone up from two percent in the

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Speaker 1: nineteen twenties in the US to in two thousand even

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Speaker 1: according to the CDC, and I know that since two

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Speaker 1: thousand seven that number has only gone up. And she

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Speaker 1: says that that represents a major shift in how our

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Speaker 1: society accepts premarital sex as more of a normative behavior,

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Speaker 1: because it can't just be birth control that is um

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Speaker 1: instigating all of this premi premarital sex, because clearly we're

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Speaker 1: either not using it correctly or at all, because that

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Speaker 1: rate of out of wedlock birth is so um has

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Speaker 1: risen so much. And going along those same lines, there

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Speaker 1: is a study from the University of Pennsylvania and from

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Speaker 1: the University of Carlos the Third of Madrid like to

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Speaker 1: go there. Um called social change the sexual revolution revolution,

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Speaker 1: which states that economists have estimated that get this, people

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Speaker 1: listen in listen in less than one percent of the

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Speaker 1: increase in premarrital sex among teenagers is the result of

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Speaker 1: the invention of the pill. And teenage girls don't even

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Speaker 1: use the pill all that much. It's not that widespread

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Speaker 1: among them, Okay. So referencing the same study that Christian

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Speaker 1: was just mentioning, um, they go and going back to

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Speaker 1: the technology thing, they say that as technology has made

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Speaker 1: better birth control possible, there's less reason to a abstain

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Speaker 1: from sexual intercourse and be inculcate sexual mores. So as

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Speaker 1: the birth control methods get better, parents and the church

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Speaker 1: and the state have less reason to hammer it into

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Speaker 1: their kids heads that it's something they need to avoid,

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Speaker 1: so less parental inculcation of more's uh. It ends up

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Speaker 1: resulting in maybe less of a feeling of shame if

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Speaker 1: young girls decide to participate. So having less of a

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Speaker 1: feeling of shame, you're more likely to feel free to

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Speaker 1: do something. Also, if your peer group is doing it,

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Speaker 1: if your peer group is engaging in sexual activity, or

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Speaker 1: if you're seeing it on TV all the time, or

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Speaker 1: if just people are talking about it in a in

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Speaker 1: a behavior not just actual activity seems common and accepted,

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Speaker 1: you are more likely to participate. But on the flip

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Speaker 1: side of of that whole issue of pure influence in

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Speaker 1: the lessening of shame, there's also going back to the

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Speaker 1: importance and force of um societal viewpoints as driving down

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Speaker 1: that that price or influencing the price of premarital sex

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Speaker 1: and promisecuity. The flip side of that is still happening

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Speaker 1: even though access to birth control is abundant for teens

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Speaker 1: these days. UM. This is coming from the Wall Street Journal,

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Speaker 1: which was reporting on two thousand eleven data released by

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Speaker 1: the CDC, and they found that in more than half

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Speaker 1: of teen females and six of teen males who had

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Speaker 1: never married reported having sexual intercourse. That number has dropped

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Speaker 1: as of two thousand eleven to forty two point six

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Speaker 1: percent for young women in forty one point eight percent

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Speaker 1: for young men, meaning that the teen sex rates have dropped.

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Speaker 1: And why do abstinent teens refrain from premarital sex. It's

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Speaker 1: not because they can't get their hands on some birth control.

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Speaker 1: They most frequently cite religious or moral objections to sex

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Speaker 1: as their reason for holding off, And there are other

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Speaker 1: two top reasons desire to avoid pregnancy. There's that cost

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Speaker 1: again and also not having found the right person yet,

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Speaker 1: which might have to do with their peer group. And

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Speaker 1: just to reiterate the economic perspective of premarital sex, because

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Speaker 1: I think it's so important to kind of move steer

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Speaker 1: the conversation away from purely moralistic terms. UH. The National

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Speaker 1: Bureau of Economic Research in the US published a study

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Speaker 1: in the year two thousand UH stating that American teens

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Speaker 1: will change their sexual behavior and birth controlled choices in

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Speaker 1: response to changes in the price of pregnancy measured by

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Speaker 1: labor market conditions, AIDS incidents, welfare benefits, and abortion restrictions.

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Speaker 1: So there's so much more that is going into our

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Speaker 1: decisions to have sex with someone outside of wedlock or

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Speaker 1: to have sex with tons of people outside of the

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Speaker 1: bounds of marriage, UM, aside from whether or not we

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Speaker 1: can get our hands on oral contraception for cheap right exactly,

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Speaker 1: and what happens when people can't get oral contraception for

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Speaker 1: cheap Emily Gray Collins and Brad Hirshbine of the Population

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Speaker 1: Studies Center at the University of Michigan Institute for Social

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Speaker 1: Research released a paper in mayn looking at what happened

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Speaker 1: when the price of birth control increased at college health centers,

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Speaker 1: And basically what happened is that when Congress passed the

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Speaker 1: Deficit Reduction Act in two thousand five and then it

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Speaker 1: went into effect in two thousand seven, they inadvertently increased

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Speaker 1: the effective price of birth control pills more than threefold,

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Speaker 1: from about five to ten dollars to about thirty to

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Speaker 1: fifty dollars per month, which is a lot if you

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Speaker 1: were in college or just in general, it is a

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Speaker 1: lot of money. They found that this price increase reduced

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Speaker 1: the use of the pill by two to four on

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Speaker 1: average among college women. College women did cut back on

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Speaker 1: sex somewhat, but the rate of accidental pregnancy didn't decline,

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Speaker 1: and they looked at how much more of an effect

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Speaker 1: it had on women who were in bad financial shape

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Speaker 1: as opposed to women who had insurance and could still

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Speaker 1: afford it. Um Among women in bad financial shape, the

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Speaker 1: rate of unintended pregnancy actually increased twenty three percent because

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Speaker 1: many switched to cheaper risk ear methods or unprotected sex.

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Speaker 1: Women with no insurance who had sex infrequently would it

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Speaker 1: instead opt for over the counter emergency contraception, But women

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Speaker 1: who with no insurance who had sex frequently opted for

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Speaker 1: condoms as well as increasingly relying on the rhythm method

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Speaker 1: and unprotected sex, which is why you see that that

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Speaker 1: um jump in the accidental rate of pregnancy. And as

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Speaker 1: far as those alternate methods, the rhythm method just having

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Speaker 1: plain unprotected sex, plain old unprotected sex, the failure rates

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Speaker 1: are pretty scary and this raises the whole cost benefit

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Speaker 1: analysis issue again. While the failure rate for imperfect use

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Speaker 1: of the pill is nine per one, so that's nine

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Speaker 1: pregnancies out of a hundred women over a year of use,

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Speaker 1: for withdrawal it's twice that, and the failure rate for

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Speaker 1: periodic abstinence is nearly three times. It's high. While four

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Speaker 1: completely unprotected sex. It's women so perhaps because of the

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Speaker 1: economic risk that a woman in man might be putting

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Speaker 1: themselves at by having risky unprotected sex. Previous studies have

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Speaker 1: also found that contraceptives, which includes condoms and birth control,

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Speaker 1: are relatively priced and elastic, meaning that the demand for

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Speaker 1: them stays pretty steady no matter what the price is,

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Speaker 1: because the benefit i e. The joy of sex is

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Speaker 1: constant and it's something that especially in today's culture, outweighs

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Speaker 1: maybe the the upfront cost of protecting your stale and

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Speaker 1: I feel like a lot of the um the focus

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Speaker 1: on young single women in college who are being portrayed

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Speaker 1: as these you know, the look of a good time exactly.

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Speaker 1: I couldn't put it better. But the use of contraception

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Speaker 1: doesn't stop when someone gets married. People still, people still

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Speaker 1: want to have control over the size of their families, right, um,

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Speaker 1: which is why we felt like it was also important

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Speaker 1: in this conversation to offer up some statistics on uh

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Speaker 1: the rate of contraceptive methods by married women of childbearing age.

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Speaker 1: And we should also point out we haven't gone into

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Speaker 1: this yet as well. Um. But also birth control can

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Speaker 1: be necessary for women who are not necessarily not looking

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Speaker 1: to get pregnant, but might have certain health conditions such

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Speaker 1: as polycystic ovarian syndrome that require birth control and regulating

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Speaker 1: those hormones to prevent the growth of ovarian system. Which, yeah,

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Speaker 1: which was part of standard Flukes argument in front of

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Speaker 1: that hearing UM. So, going back to those married women

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Speaker 1: in contraceptive stats, we have some information from the CDC,

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Speaker 1: and this is looking at UH their use of contraception

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Speaker 1: from two thousand six to two thousand eight, and it's

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Speaker 1: in comparison to a number of European countries that have

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Speaker 1: a very low fertility rate. UM in the US about fiftent,

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Speaker 1: not an insignificant number of married women are on the pill.

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Speaker 1: Five five percent use an i U D and use

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Speaker 1: female sterilization. And as far as oral interception, women in France,

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Speaker 1: the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom are more likely to

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Speaker 1: rely on oral contraception than women in the United States.

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Speaker 1: And that's the comparison of about in those previously mentioned

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Speaker 1: countries to the United States, which is six women in

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Speaker 1: France use the i U D to a greater extent

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Speaker 1: than women in the US do, whereas the male condom

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Speaker 1: is used by partners of approximately twenty percent of married

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Speaker 1: women in Spain and the UK. So the point we're

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Speaker 1: trying to make is, like you said, Caroline, it is

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Speaker 1: erroneous to only frame the conversation around birth control as

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Speaker 1: something that is only accessed by possibly teen girls and

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Speaker 1: UM you know, barely not teen girls essentially um in college.

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Speaker 1: And finally, the last point that we um we feel

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Speaker 1: like should be raised is that while a lot of

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Speaker 1: these single women are being labeled as sluts and even yes,

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Speaker 1: whorrors for their sexual behavior or just their choice to

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Speaker 1: take control, statistically, men engage in risk your sexual behavior

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Speaker 1: and with more partners over the life term than women do.

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Speaker 1: And this might be an issue of self reporting where

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Speaker 1: men might inflate their numbers and women deflate their numbers

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Speaker 1: because there of those lingering uh social shaming against premarital

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Speaker 1: sex and promiscuity. But statistically, men report two to four

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Speaker 1: times more sexual partners than women. Yeah. According to a

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Speaker 1: National Health Statistics report from March, men a just twenty

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Speaker 1: five to forty four and two thousand six to two

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Speaker 1: tho eight reported having slept with a median of six women,

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Speaker 1: while women in the same age brackets said they slept

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Speaker 1: with a median of four men. But men count a

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Speaker 1: greater number of sexual acts as sex. And that's just

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Speaker 1: referring to the median number. When you average out those numbers,

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Speaker 1: the average number of partners sexual partners that men have

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Speaker 1: thirty one point nine. So clearly you have some Wilt

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Speaker 1: Chamberlain esque outliers in there, whereas the average for women

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Speaker 1: is much lower at eight point six. So for me,

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Speaker 1: the biggest, the biggest takeaway from all this research and

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Speaker 1: especially all of these economic models that we've talked about

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Speaker 1: at length, UM is a reframing in my brain of

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Speaker 1: the public conversation that's going on around reproductive rights and

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Speaker 1: especially this access to birth control. UM. I can understand

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Speaker 1: the more politically dicey issues of whether or not employers

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Speaker 1: should be forced to supply birth control uh two employees,

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Speaker 1: But when you get beyond that and actually, you know,

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Speaker 1: think about whether or not birth control is somehow turning

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Speaker 1: women into just promiscuous sex mongers, you quickly quickly realize

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Speaker 1: that birth control in the technology has much less to

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Speaker 1: do with it then our collective actions and acceptance of

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Speaker 1: sex as a pleasurable activity between people, between people exactly,

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Speaker 1: it's people being people. So UM. So I hope that

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Speaker 1: this has been enlightening for listeners. Um, it was enlightening

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Speaker 1: for me. I was not expecting for this conversation to

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Speaker 1: take an economic turn, but I'm so glad that economists

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Speaker 1: have have taken such a hard look at it right.

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Speaker 1: The cost benefit analysis is a perfect way to look

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Speaker 1: at it. People have to weigh a lot of actual

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Speaker 1: literal costs how much money it would cost cost to

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Speaker 1: raise a child, but they also have to look at

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Speaker 1: the more personal, mental and emotional costs. Yeah, and thank heavens,

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Speaker 1: we didn't live in New Haven in the six the

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Speaker 1: stocks would be uncomfortable. And now it's time to open

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Speaker 1: it up to listeners. What what do you think about

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Speaker 1: the situation that's going on? Um? Do you think that

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Speaker 1: they're should be more access to birth control? Do you

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Speaker 1: think that this economic model is totally bunk? Let us

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Speaker 1: know your thoughts. Mom Stuff at Discovery dot com is

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Speaker 1: where you can send them, or you can head over

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Speaker 1: to Facebook and leave us a comment there. And in

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Speaker 1: the meantime, we got a couple of listener letters to read.

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Speaker 1: This is an email from Sandy about our foster Care podcast.

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Speaker 1: She says, after your paperwork, training and waiting, I've just

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Speaker 1: been matched with a ten year old girl for foster

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Speaker 1: to adopt placement. We start her gradual transition to my

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Speaker 1: house tomorrow. I'm a first time parents who I'm scared

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Speaker 1: and excited. I'm in Colorado and the state has made

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Speaker 1: some steps to help foster kids, such as one working

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Speaker 1: to keep the child in the same school during care

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Speaker 1: if that's in the best interest of the child, to

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Speaker 1: requiring high schools to accept all credits when a child

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Speaker 1: transfer to the child can stay on track to graduate.

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Speaker 1: Three extend Medicaid and other support services through the age

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Speaker 1: of one, and four. Work with teenagers so that they

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Speaker 1: can gain independent living skills before they age out. Everyone

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Speaker 1: I've dealt with has the best interest of the children

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Speaker 1: in the hearts and brains, but funding, time and resources

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Speaker 1: can only go so far. More families, especially families of color,

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Speaker 1: are needed for placements. And I've got another email here

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Speaker 1: from Rachel also about our foster care episode, and it's

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Speaker 1: a sweet story. Um. She writes, I was a product

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Speaker 1: of a seventeen year old unweedden mother and I was

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Speaker 1: adopted through a close adoption at two and a half

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Speaker 1: months of age, but for those first months I was

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Speaker 1: in foster care. I've never found my birth mother, but

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Speaker 1: I did connect a few years ago with my foster

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Speaker 1: family and that was amazing. They still had pictures of

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Speaker 1: me as a newborn, with their daughters hugging on me,

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Speaker 1: and their family albums, and the most fascinating pictures where

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Speaker 1: of the morning before they had to take me to

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Speaker 1: the adoption agency to meet my parents. I'd only ever

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Speaker 1: seen the pictures that were taken with my parents after

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Speaker 1: they were given me same little outfit which my mom

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Speaker 1: saved two different families. My foster mother told me that

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Speaker 1: she was worried for years that I had woken up

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Speaker 1: from a nap I was having and then they dropped

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Speaker 1: me off and wondered where they were, And it was

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Speaker 1: so nice to know that I've been very much loved

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Speaker 1: even during that short little gap before I had my

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Speaker 1: own family. I think a lot of foster parents are

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Speaker 1: the most selfless people in the world that taken a

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Speaker 1: child who needs a home, love them like their own,

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Speaker 1: and then have to give them back. And she's also

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Speaker 1: majoring in social work because she wants to find a

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Speaker 1: way to support the adoption industry. So good for you, Rachel,

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Speaker 1: and thanks for sharing your thoughts, um and thanks to

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Speaker 1: everyone who's written in mom stuff. At Discovery dot com

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00:25:29,480 --> 00:25:32,560
Speaker 1: is the email address, and you can send us a

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00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:35,199
Speaker 1: little message on Facebook if you'd like. And I do

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00:25:35,280 --> 00:25:37,840
Speaker 1: have a Facebook request I'm gonna offer up right now.

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Speaker 1: We are just about a hundred likes away from a

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Speaker 1: nice round ten thousand thumbs up on our fan page.

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Speaker 1: And I know that it's just numbers, but people look

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Speaker 1: in Internet land, numbers meet a lot. Yeah. Look, if

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Speaker 1: my parents can go on Facebook and like us, you

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Speaker 1: can do. So what I'm asking is for I'm going

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00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:02,200
Speaker 1: to call this the thousand Light Drive, not because there's

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Speaker 1: a good ring to it, because it gets across the

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00:26:04,560 --> 00:26:07,440
Speaker 1: point I would I would be really pleased if people

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00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:10,040
Speaker 1: will listen to this episode and go like us on Facebook.

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Speaker 1: That's all I'll say about it. And you can also

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Speaker 1: find us on Twitter at mom Stuff Podcast, and you

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00:26:15,960 --> 00:26:19,160
Speaker 1: can read about what we're writing during the week at

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00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:25,560
Speaker 1: how Stuff works dot com. Be sure to check out

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Speaker 1: our new video podcast, Stuff from the Future. Join how

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00:26:28,800 --> 00:26:31,320
Speaker 1: Stuff Work staff as we explore the most promising and

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00:26:31,400 --> 00:26:35,560
Speaker 1: perplexing possibilities of tomorrow. The How Stuff Works iPhone app

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00:26:35,600 --> 00:26:43,320
Speaker 1: has a ride. Download it today on iTunes. Brought to

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Speaker 1: you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. It's ready,

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Speaker 1: are you