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Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, welcome to Creature Feature, the show where we

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Speaker 1: dive right into the brains of humans and animals and

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Speaker 1: get neurons all over us. A gross Today we're talking

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Speaker 1: about teamwork. There is no I in teamwork, but there

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Speaker 1: is a me and an e walk. We're gonna be

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Speaker 1: looking at some wild animal teams, how they compare to humans,

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Speaker 1: and what the robot dominated future may hold. Discover this

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Speaker 1: and more as we answer the age old riddle what

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Speaker 1: animal doesn't feel pain and loves eating poop? Is the answer? Man? No, No,

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Speaker 1: it's not so this may be considered blasphemy, but my

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Speaker 1: favorite part of the Star Wars Original trilogy is when

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Speaker 1: those Ewoks engage in guerrilla warfare tactics to defeat the Empire.

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Speaker 1: Was it a brazen attempt by George Locus to make

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Speaker 1: the movie more marketable towards children? Yes? But was it

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Speaker 1: a cool example of some weird, dog faced monkey like

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Speaker 1: aliens work together towards a common purpose. Yes it was,

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Speaker 1: and I love how individually each Ewalk looked like a

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Speaker 1: snubbed face a little more on, but together they somehow

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Speaker 1: figured out to defeat the galaxy's most menacing army. Of course,

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Speaker 1: this is fiction, the fevered brainchild of a franchise hungry

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Speaker 1: George Lucas. But are there real examples of adorable animals

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Speaker 1: banding together to save the galaxy. As a matter of fact,

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Speaker 1: there are, and they're often more inventive and more lovable

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Speaker 1: than those little shag carpeting aliens. So today on the show,

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Speaker 1: I'm joined by comedian, writer and actor Blake Wexler. Hello,

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Speaker 1: thank you so much for having me. I'm so excited

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Speaker 1: to do this. Yeah, what's your opinion on the Walk's

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Speaker 1: not wrong? Answers? Thank god, because I was already second

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Speaker 1: guessing myself. Um, I've always loved them, Like, I don't

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Speaker 1: think they're skilled fighters. I think they were in over

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Speaker 1: their heads. But I mean I saw Star Wars when

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Speaker 1: I was a kid, and I thought they were so

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Speaker 1: cute and yeah, yeah they were a little teddy bears. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I think they're sort of like the everyman alien where

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Speaker 1: you know, they don't they aren't very aren't, they aren't

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Speaker 1: very agile, faces are small and weird. But together they

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Speaker 1: made those weird log things that just crushed people in

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Speaker 1: between it. It's pretty great. I love that. I love

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Speaker 1: that so much. And their sling shots. Yeah. Yeah, they

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Speaker 1: were fantastic, like a Rube Goldberg device that just like

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Speaker 1: brought a huge spike down on some kind of guy.

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Speaker 1: And it is It is funny. I've never thought of

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Speaker 1: them as aliens. I've just thought of them as smart bears. Um,

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Speaker 1: but they would technically be aliens that Yeah, they're alien bears, Barelians, Barellians.

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Speaker 1: Uh yeah. So um, speaking of relating this topic to movies, Uh,

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Speaker 1: that was a great segway. That was phenomenal. All the

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Speaker 1: air just exited my lungs. A gasp, A gasp of

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Speaker 1: such an excellent segue. Remember the Matrix. Hey guys, it's

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Speaker 1: twenty nineteen. Remember the Matrix. That's all I think about. Um,

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Speaker 1: if you think about it, in that movie, the humans

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Speaker 1: are at the domesticated animals of the robots because you know,

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Speaker 1: we're producing energy for them and they're exploiting our bodies. Um.

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Speaker 1: And so in the movie, you kind of have the

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Speaker 1: decision to happily live in ignorance unless you are offered

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Speaker 1: a choice by Morpheus to live in reality or like

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Speaker 1: keep living in your happy robot world. Um, what would

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Speaker 1: you personally choose in this situation? Um? I would well,

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Speaker 1: my reality isn't that great, so I guess whatever I mean?

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Speaker 1: Am I? But yeah, I would love just anything. I'm

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Speaker 1: okay with being like completely oblivious and ignorance, so what's

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Speaker 1: going on around me or continuing that? Right? So yeah,

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Speaker 1: I'm cool with that one. Yeah, I'm just I'm just

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Speaker 1: not sure what the benefits are to re establishing human

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Speaker 1: society if like we've already kind of screwed it up,

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Speaker 1: and then you know, the robots are like they're treating

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Speaker 1: as much better than humans treat livestock. Um, we're enjoying

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Speaker 1: our lives presumably, So I don't know, I'd probably be

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Speaker 1: I probably decided to stay in the matrix because honestly, uh,

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Speaker 1: have you seen it outside the skies all dre But

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Speaker 1: dogs are sort of like Morpheus and Neo, and they

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Speaker 1: decide to break outside of the matrix, the human matrix

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Speaker 1: that see this, this a metaphor is not strained at all.

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Speaker 1: I'm sure that there are humans who own two dogs

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Speaker 1: and their names are Monny, yeah, or do you're like

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Speaker 1: the Red cable or the Blue cable? Or would you

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Speaker 1: like to lick my butt? Okay it's the butt licking. Yes,

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Speaker 1: I figured that yes, okay, Um, so I've just shown

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Speaker 1: you some viral videos of stray dogs or rescue dogs

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Speaker 1: freeing other dogs viral and that they will give your

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Speaker 1: computer a viruses. They were like news websites which just

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Speaker 1: instantly infect your computer with a bowl. Uh. And it's

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Speaker 1: but yeah, these videos are pretty pretty cool because uh

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Speaker 1: one of them shows a stray dog bringing a dog

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Speaker 1: tied to a fence. Uh. And then once it on

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Speaker 1: ties it, it drags it by the leash like you're

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Speaker 1: in my pet. Now. We thought this was a selfless act.

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Speaker 1: You were just ascertaining a servant of servant from post.

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Speaker 1: Who's the human now, stocks and bonds, stocks and bonds

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Speaker 1: toilet paper. I am a human, look at my pet dog. Um.

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Speaker 1: And then there was another video of a dog freeing. Uh.

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Speaker 1: He was in a shelter and he freed like everyone

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Speaker 1: else in the kennel. Um. And then they just romped around,

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Speaker 1: had a good time, urinated all over the floor. It

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Speaker 1: was great. Yeah, they really quickly because in that moment

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Speaker 1: you think that there's some sort of enlightened dog that

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Speaker 1: is smarter than all the other dogs, and it's a

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Speaker 1: selfless act. And then they just a meet we remind

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Speaker 1: you that they're dogs and you start playing around and

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Speaker 1: barking at one another and peeing on the floor. Yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: although I did I love that that peeing on one

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Speaker 1: of the doors, because that's like, that's such a great

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Speaker 1: rebel move of this is what I think of your

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Speaker 1: stupid door. Yeah. Um. So after watching these I had

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Speaker 1: to kind of ask the question, like, are these dogs

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Speaker 1: actually trying to rescue each other or they just being

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Speaker 1: dogs and not really thinking about it? Um? Are they

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Speaker 1: displaying empathy? Are they trying to work as a team?

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Speaker 1: You know what? What's their motivation? Because because we can

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Speaker 1: often anthropomorphize animals inappropriately, where we think they're being you know,

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Speaker 1: it appears that they're empathizing with each other and they

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Speaker 1: want to free each other. But uh is this true? Uh?

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Speaker 1: Do we have to fear dog uprising? Uh? So um.

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Speaker 1: To answer this, there's a few questions we have to

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Speaker 1: get through. One is like, can dogs actually recognize other dogs?

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Speaker 1: Which sounds obvious, but it's not when you think about

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Speaker 1: the diversity of dog breeds and how some of them

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Speaker 1: look like little chipmunks and other ones look like bears.

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Speaker 1: So um. And the next question is do dogs display

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Speaker 1: empathy towards each other. Uh. And then the final question

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Speaker 1: is can they actually work together to solve problems? So, uh,

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Speaker 1: there's research that actually answered all of these questions. Um.

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Speaker 1: So there's a Scientific American article that's titled do Dogs

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Speaker 1: Know Other Dogs? Or dogs? I feel real smart reading

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Speaker 1: these uh scientific articles. It seems accessible. Yes, um so

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Speaker 1: uh it's uh, like I said, it is an actually

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Speaker 1: important question. So researchers in France trained dogs that they'd

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Speaker 1: be rewarded when approaching a dog's image. So you boop

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Speaker 1: noses with a picture of a dog, and you get

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Speaker 1: a reward um as opposed to another animal like a

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Speaker 1: cow or something. Um. And then they once the dogs

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Speaker 1: kind of got the rules right, then they trained them

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Speaker 1: to uh uh or they trained them to approach the

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Speaker 1: dog image always, and then they started showing them pictures

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Speaker 1: of lots of different breeds of dogs like shit sues

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Speaker 1: and Golden Retrievers and chihuahuas, and then a bunch of

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Speaker 1: different animals like gerbils and cows and cats and people

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Speaker 1: and children and whatever. Um, and all the dogs passed

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Speaker 1: the test. Uh. They were able to correctly identify the

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Speaker 1: pictures of dogs, which is kind of incredible because when

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Speaker 1: you think about it, some dogs kind of look like Gerbils. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Chihuahua and a gerbil are completely actually exactly the same,

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Speaker 1: literally the same, right. I had a couple of guinea

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Speaker 1: pigs and you know, taking them around on walks and

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Speaker 1: people come out like, oh, can I pay your dog?

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Speaker 1: You're small, You're small sausage like dogs. That story. Uh,

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Speaker 1: you hear these stories every once in a while. Um. Oh,

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Speaker 1: this family was raising a dog and it was a bear,

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Speaker 1: you know what I mean. So even humans can't figure

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Speaker 1: out what's a dog and what is a massive mammal beast.

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Speaker 1: I thought it was a child, but it was just

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Speaker 1: it was a shaved bear. Yeah, it was a shape bear.

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Speaker 1: The whole time, ravenous child kept kept trying to get honey.

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Speaker 1: It was real weird. It's crazy. His friend, his friend

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Speaker 1: was a tiger and a pig baby pig, piglet and kangaroo.

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Speaker 1: And it turns out I was just on Ellice d

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Speaker 1: at the zoo. But anyways, the whole time, I'm a

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Speaker 1: terrible mother. I apologize. Um. So the next question is

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Speaker 1: do dogs display empathy towards other dogs? Uh? And so

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Speaker 1: there was a study that they had a few dogs

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Speaker 1: just hanging out chilling, and then the researchers played sounds

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Speaker 1: of the dogs issuing distress wines, um, like before the

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Speaker 1: dog saw the other dogs. So just like a video

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Speaker 1: recording of a dog crying, which is kind of a

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Speaker 1: horrifying experiment if you try to put imagine you're abducted

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Speaker 1: by aliens. And then they just start playing the sounds

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Speaker 1: of someone sobbing uncontrollably. I'm picturing it. Yeah, um. And

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Speaker 1: then they would open the door and allow the dogs

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Speaker 1: to unite. And then the dogs who heard the distress

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Speaker 1: wines were much offered a lot more comfort to the dogs,

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Speaker 1: a lot more licking and jumping in general dogginess towards

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Speaker 1: their dog friends. And they also showed a preference towards

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Speaker 1: empathy with dogs that they were familiar with, so if

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Speaker 1: they had met the dog before, they were more likely

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Speaker 1: to respond to the distress wines and then respond with

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Speaker 1: more licking and empathy. Cute, It's very cute. Um. And

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Speaker 1: then the final question is, uh, can dogs work together

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Speaker 1: and solve problems and synergize and team? Oh? I wish

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Speaker 1: I want to I want to have a television show. Oh,

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Speaker 1: boy called Scooby Doo okay, yeah, and he has a

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Speaker 1: little buddy, The titular Scooby has a little buddy named Scrappy.

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Speaker 1: They might be related. This sounds great so far, and

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Speaker 1: it's fantastic, and they solve crimes with children. Now. They

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Speaker 1: both talk in perfect English, right, it is the King's English,

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Speaker 1: and it's um perfect. There's one of them might be

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Speaker 1: a drug addict, I see, yeah, yeah, but but but

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Speaker 1: it's legal now, but I believe at the time it wasn't.

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Speaker 1: So yeah. And the other one is I don't know

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Speaker 1: if it's younger, like he's more adults somehow kind of pretentious.

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Speaker 1: The small one is yeah, yeah, interesting. One thing I

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Speaker 1: never understood with Scrappy and Scooby was like, Scrappy, what

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Speaker 1: are you talking? That's not ahead? Sorry, sorry, doesn't work

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Speaker 1: when I do there, Wait what we're gonna say. The

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Speaker 1: one thing about that, yeah, Scrappy is like he talks

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Speaker 1: in perfect English, whereas Scooby talks and kind of dog English.

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Speaker 1: So how did that happen? And Scrappy walks on his

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Speaker 1: hind legs and Scooby walks like a normal dog. Did

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Speaker 1: did Scooby? Did Scooby screw Like, did they did Scooby

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Speaker 1: like have a human dog hybrid? Oh? I like that,

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Speaker 1: crappy is interesting. I was going to say one got

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Speaker 1: a better education than the other, but I like your takenaques.

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Speaker 1: I always go to that. Yeah, if you presented with

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Speaker 1: two choices, education or the disgusting thing that I'm proposing, Yeah, definitely. Well,

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Speaker 1: because it's walking on its hind legs like a hominid um.

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Speaker 1: It actually has uh, sort of the shoulder and pelvis

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Speaker 1: pelvic bone structure of a hominid more um. And uh,

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Speaker 1: it's irascibly annoying. So the only like it's got to

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Speaker 1: be some kind of mutant dog. And then they just

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Speaker 1: I guess they call it his nephew to kind of

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Speaker 1: obfuscate the fact that it's this horrifying abomination of human

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Speaker 1: and dog DNA that was never supposed to work out

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Speaker 1: in the gestational phase. Yes, that was I was so

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Speaker 1: I forgot that I was a part of this podcast.

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Speaker 1: Was listening to you right there. But that was fantastic,

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Speaker 1: U TV. This is my new pitch. It's uh, it's

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Speaker 1: it's like a gritty reboot of Scooby Doo. It's amazing

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Speaker 1: to be played on the w B where else? So um,

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Speaker 1: so yes, dogs can work together? As the original question,

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Speaker 1: um and uh, there's a study that dogs had to

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Speaker 1: trick a human in order to get through a fence

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Speaker 1: to get a treat. So the human had there like

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Speaker 1: two doors and like one sliding door, and so the

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Speaker 1: human could only cover one door at once. Um, so

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Speaker 1: the dogs would uh would diversify. So if they were

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Speaker 1: in a team, they very quickly figured out that if

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Speaker 1: one was at one door and the other was at

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Speaker 1: one door, the human couldn't keep them both out, and

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Speaker 1: then they were they were able to get past the

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Speaker 1: fence into the food reward. Um and which humans just

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Speaker 1: keeps getting drink. Goddamn the dog got out of I'm sorry, guys,

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Speaker 1: you're gonna lose my goddamn job. Dogs keep tricking me.

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Speaker 1: These just just the sort of like the Marx Brothers

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Speaker 1: and their victim kind of situation. They I have a

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Speaker 1: story about the I guess the last two questions like

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Speaker 1: can they U are they empathetic to other dogs? And

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Speaker 1: then can they work together? Where I was at my

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Speaker 1: girlfriend's family place and we have a dog who's rescued

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Speaker 1: named Ali, and then he's so cute. And then my

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Speaker 1: sister's brother I'm just called my sisters. By the way,

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Speaker 1: I didn't even get that right. My girlfriend's brother. I

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Speaker 1: almost said my sister's boyfriend, which was been a totally

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Speaker 1: different person. So my girlfriends So your sister's boyfriend's girlfriends

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Speaker 1: brother brother, right, right, So whatever slip that was going

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Speaker 1: on in my head, I'm not going to acknowledge your

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Speaker 1: sister is your girlfriend. Let's not add labels. I don't

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Speaker 1: label my family. Okay, so my real girlfriend and her brother.

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Speaker 1: Her brother has a real girlfriend, my real human girlfriend,

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Speaker 1: human girlfriend. Um, she think it really sounds yet normal

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Speaker 1: the way I'm saying that this is normal. Yeah, So

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Speaker 1: we have a dog named Ali, and then my girlfriend's

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Speaker 1: brother has a dog named Albert, and he's a rescue too.

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Speaker 1: And there was another dog there who is this like

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Speaker 1: prissy bijon freeze that was wearing a diaper. It had

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Speaker 1: been like freshly groomed. And was this an elderly dog

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Speaker 1: or just like it was incontinent. It wasn't old, It

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Speaker 1: wasn't like, oh I feel bad for this dog. It's

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Speaker 1: I believe that dog felt that those lesser than him

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Speaker 1: should clean up his ship. I see. So this dog

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Speaker 1: never gained poop in any designated area. No, absolutely not.

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Speaker 1: It's it's not his problem, you know, it's the people

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Speaker 1: around right. So the two dogs like he was in

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Speaker 1: the typer and like, you know, it's clearly an embarrassing

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Speaker 1: looking thing, and then the two middle class dogs kept

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Speaker 1: peeing on him over and over again. It's just a

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Speaker 1: sign of just horrific disrespect. So yeah, they were working

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Speaker 1: together to put that dog in its place, and they

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Speaker 1: had no empathy for it. Hey, diaper boy, come over here.

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Speaker 1: I'll show you you're our diaper. Now. Look at him

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Speaker 1: wearing the vestments of humans. I'm going to peel on

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Speaker 1: his head. It's literally the one thing we have because

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Speaker 1: we all have to wear a diaper or pe in

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Speaker 1: a specific spot. I love this idea of dog society

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Speaker 1: cruelly looking down upon any dog who betrays dog kind,

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Speaker 1: like like bone Cruncher, you have forsaken your own kind

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Speaker 1: and warned the trappings of humanity. Feel our wrath in

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Speaker 1: the form of a golden shower of punishment. Boh new Hi.

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Speaker 1: I longed for the confines of my own home. I

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Speaker 1: was just rude in my eyes. So um, actually, uh,

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Speaker 1: and this is not just a behavior of domesticated dog

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Speaker 1: spotted hyenas, which are actually more closely related to felines.

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Speaker 1: But they're an example. The reason they're so dogli is

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Speaker 1: an example of convergent evolution. So they're morphology and their

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Speaker 1: pack structure is very similar to dogs. Um. But you know,

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Speaker 1: as I said, they are not. They're actually more more

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Speaker 1: closely related to simba than they are too, you know, airbud.

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Speaker 1: Their front legs are longer than their hind legs correct

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Speaker 1: or or yeah I think so. Yeah, Yeah, it's my

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Speaker 1: favorite animal. Yeah, they're they're they're and they're very uh

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Speaker 1: they're big muscles. Yeah. Their heads shapes are just like

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Speaker 1: when you see their head shapes compared to a dog,

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Speaker 1: it's so clear that they're different species of animal because

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Speaker 1: their heads are just so swollen. Um, they got these

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Speaker 1: buff ass heads. Yeah they don't. They don't skip head day. No. No,

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Speaker 1: it's like where do you work at high at the

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Speaker 1: live were and I also murder things every day? Um,

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Speaker 1: So they're there. They live in sub Saran Africa. Um.

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Speaker 1: And they have these like we kind of talked about

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Speaker 1: briefly on the show before. They have these a matriarchal

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Speaker 1: society's hierarchies and they work together. Um. And Uh. When

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Speaker 1: presented with a puzzle where two hyenas have to simultaneously

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Speaker 1: tug on ropes to get this platform to drop for

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Speaker 1: food to fall down, Uh, they learned it so quickly

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Speaker 1: without any training. Uh. And they were way better at

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Speaker 1: it than chimpanzees who were also given the same task.

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Speaker 1: And the chimpanzees really needed a lot of handholding, so

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Speaker 1: the the researchers had to train them how to do this,

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Speaker 1: and the hyenas just were real quick studies. Um. So

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Speaker 1: that's so interesting because uh, chimpanzees are our cousins, you know,

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Speaker 1: they are social, socially very intelligent animals. But uh, hyenas

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Speaker 1: were still better at specifically this kind of problem solving task,

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Speaker 1: which is so so interesting. That's not to say hyenas

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Speaker 1: are overall more intelligent than chimpanzees, they're just a yeah,

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Speaker 1: they're better team players. Interesting. Yeah. I wonder if chimpanzee,

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Speaker 1: because they are so related to us, are more inherently

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Speaker 1: selfish and less likely to work together. Interesting. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: mean it is. It is interesting because I think that um,

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Speaker 1: I mean, humans really rely on social structure. Uh, and

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Speaker 1: they do really rely on kind of these social strategies.

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Speaker 1: But on the other hand, they're also we have a

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Speaker 1: solitary streak where we can work independently, and I think

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Speaker 1: that's actually big strength, where each unit of the group

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Speaker 1: is quite intelligent and solitary. But then you can see

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Speaker 1: where like that can cause conflict where we are trying

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Speaker 1: to figure something out on our own, whereas if you're

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Speaker 1: an animal who's uh sort of like it's second nature

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Speaker 1: to you, and you your pack structure is such that

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Speaker 1: you need to very quickly make these decisions as your hunting,

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Speaker 1: then it makes sense that they kind of immediately figured

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Speaker 1: out where's the chimpanzees are probably like goofing around, sticking

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Speaker 1: the rope up their butt holes or whatever, just overthinking it.

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Speaker 1: All Right, if we do this at this angle, I

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Speaker 1: tie the rope to my genitals. Yeah, so what that's

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Speaker 1: my thing? Um. I've been sort of in a lion

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Speaker 1: king kind of uh bender here because I don't know,

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Speaker 1: it's I'm so frustrated with the movies total inaccuracies that

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Speaker 1: I feel the need to correct the record. Um was

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Speaker 1: starting with the talking Yeah, I UM don't think animals

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Speaker 1: are that talkative also, I mean they would all be

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Speaker 1: speaking different languages. Duh, like yeah uh um, but you

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Speaker 1: know it is uh so. So I think what's interesting

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Speaker 1: is the mere cat in the movies is solitary, which

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Speaker 1: is very unusual. UM. Mere cats have a very complex

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Speaker 1: society and it's actually kind of interesting. There was like

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Speaker 1: a what was it Lion King one and a half

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Speaker 1: where Poomba and and uh Tamane got their own backstories

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Speaker 1: and they were like exiled from the group. Yes, and

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Speaker 1: that's actually almost accurate that mere cats can be exiled.

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Speaker 1: So uh, mere cats live in South Africa. UM. They

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Speaker 1: are also matriarchal. UM. There's one dominant female who reserves

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Speaker 1: the breeding rights UM. And dominance rights are not actually napatistic,

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Speaker 1: so it's not like a sort of monarchy type thing.

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Speaker 1: There's this constant struggle for dominance UM where the most

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Speaker 1: aggressive females went out in terms of becoming queen. Uh

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Speaker 1: sort of like high school am I right, exactly like

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Speaker 1: high school? UM. And so there are benefits to the

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Speaker 1: society they live. They live in a very predator dense area,

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Speaker 1: so like UM, by raising their pups together and having sentinels,

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Speaker 1: you know, the classic mere cat little pose where they're

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Speaker 1: looking around being all cute. Um, that actually really helps

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Speaker 1: the colony survive. Um. And they it's also you know,

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Speaker 1: takes a village of merecats to raise a mere cat pup,

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Speaker 1: because yes, that is the saying, because they all raised

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Speaker 1: the pups together. Um. But and this seems like a beautiful, happy,

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Speaker 1: well oiled commune. But when you peel back the layers

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Speaker 1: of your cat propaganda, you actually find, uh, these are

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Speaker 1: actually very rife with conflict, and the lords to the

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Speaker 1: apartments that they live in, the conditions are shipped. That's true,

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Speaker 1: that is true. I mean, like the roof keeps leaking,

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Speaker 1: there's no the h a is out of control. So

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Speaker 1: just like you know, they're like, oh you can't, you

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Speaker 1: can't just have dung in your backyard. It's like, come on,

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Speaker 1: I know, um, I know, I'm renting, but I have

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Speaker 1: some rights right right, the right to collect a bunch

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Speaker 1: of dong in my backyard. Uh. So, females are constantly

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Speaker 1: vying for the dominant role of breeder, as you can imagine,

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Speaker 1: because the way natural selection works, you want your genes

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Speaker 1: passed down. Um, otherwise you're done. So the fact that there,

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Speaker 1: it makes sense that they're all vying for that dominant

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Speaker 1: role because that selfishness gene of like of like I

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Speaker 1: want to be dominant, now I want to be dominant,

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Speaker 1: that's going to get passed down. So even though there's

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Speaker 1: only a few of the females that end up actually

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Speaker 1: getting to breed, that that gene of wanting to be

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Speaker 1: dominant and struggling to be dominant is very successful. Um So, uh,

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Speaker 1: this is a weird question. If so the dominant queen

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Speaker 1: and that's I know that's not the right phrase, but

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Speaker 1: it's a dominatrix, the dominatrix of the compound. Um is

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Speaker 1: the are the pups from that dominant queen more likely

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Speaker 1: to be a dominant queen themselves? Not necessarily Like I said,

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Speaker 1: it's a it's not really nepotistic, it's they are more

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Speaker 1: likely to uh survive because dominant queens will kill off

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Speaker 1: any um any offspring that are sort of unauthorized um

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Speaker 1: and also sometimes the subordinate females will sneakily start killing

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Speaker 1: off the offspring when they get the chance. Um. So

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Speaker 1: there's there are there's a there's like sother fuge and

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Speaker 1: uh backstabbing and a lot like that. There's a reason

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Speaker 1: that there's this whole I think Animal Planet reality show

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Speaker 1: called merecatman Or where they're just basically like Desperate Housewives

398
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Speaker 1: except mercats. Um. There's all sorts of on like soap

399
00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:52,880
Speaker 1: opera esque intrigue and like backstabbing, And there was one

400
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Speaker 1: where one of the subordinate females had an affair with

401
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Speaker 1: one of the males and then the dominant female chased

402
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Speaker 1: her out of the colony and exiled her, and then

403
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Speaker 1: she tried to come back in the colony and really

404
00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:09,000
Speaker 1: was like literally kissing the feet of the dominant female

405
00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:16,040
Speaker 1: to get spoilers, this is amazing. It's just like Maria Porquet,

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Speaker 1: this teledevella based in sub Saharan Africa where most of

407
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Speaker 1: them are yes, South Africa. Yeah, um, and so uh.

408
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Speaker 1: They'll even excommunicate females that haven't done anything wrong, but

409
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Speaker 1: they just suspect that they may be competition, Like you're

410
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Speaker 1: looking pretty uh fertile, You're you're getting tossed out. Um.

411
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Speaker 1: But she has to be careful because she needs enough

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Speaker 1: females around to take care of her pups and keep

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Speaker 1: the colony safe with enough sentinels. So it's sort of this, um,

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Speaker 1: you know, this calculation of how many females do I

415
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Speaker 1: chase off to protect my position as the dominant female,

416
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Speaker 1: and how many do I keep around to raise my pups? Right?

417
00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:07,479
Speaker 1: I killed too many of my guards and now I'm

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Speaker 1: vulnerable exactly. I mean, she typically doesn't kill. They usually

419
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Speaker 1: just like chase them off. And sometimes the females that

420
00:26:15,400 --> 00:26:18,880
Speaker 1: get excommunicated will actually go on to establish their own colonies.

421
00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:23,040
Speaker 1: It's hard, though, it's defically you gotta be really cares about. Yeah,

422
00:26:23,280 --> 00:26:25,800
Speaker 1: you gotta start from the ground, right, right, Um, what

423
00:26:25,880 --> 00:26:28,560
Speaker 1: are the men doing at this point? So usually there's

424
00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:34,200
Speaker 1: just so usually just a UM, I like that you did?

425
00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:41,880
Speaker 1: What about them? And with the mere cats? Gotcha? No,

426
00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:46,080
Speaker 1: it's gotcha. No, it's all right, it's a that's a

427
00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:51,080
Speaker 1: perfectly reasonable question. Um No. But but the males do,

428
00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:56,520
Speaker 1: uh like they just a few of them are dominant,

429
00:26:56,600 --> 00:27:00,359
Speaker 1: so they will also be vying for for a ability

430
00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:04,359
Speaker 1: to mate with the dominant female. UM. And then they

431
00:27:04,560 --> 00:27:07,639
Speaker 1: are in a very similar situation as the females, where

432
00:27:07,680 --> 00:27:13,160
Speaker 1: they constantly vying to be the uh get up the ranks,

433
00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:17,040
Speaker 1: um and uh if they when they're subordinate, they just

434
00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:24,080
Speaker 1: help out with the colony and they will act as sentinels. Yes,

435
00:27:25,119 --> 00:27:32,680
Speaker 1: well yeah, exactly unfortunately capitalism. Am all right, how much

436
00:27:32,720 --> 00:27:37,640
Speaker 1: time do you have? I mean, this isn't Chapo trap

437
00:27:37,720 --> 00:27:44,000
Speaker 1: house so um but uh so uh, I want to

438
00:27:44,040 --> 00:27:46,560
Speaker 1: talk about naked mole rats because they're one of my

439
00:27:46,560 --> 00:27:51,600
Speaker 1: favorite animals. They are really interesting as we segway from

440
00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:57,680
Speaker 1: your cats to uh uh these more use social uh colonies. Um. So,

441
00:27:58,080 --> 00:28:03,360
Speaker 1: naked mole rats if you've ever seen when they look like, yes,

442
00:28:04,119 --> 00:28:07,600
Speaker 1: a fire, if John Lovett's and a fire had a

443
00:28:07,640 --> 00:28:11,080
Speaker 1: baby that was a scrotum, yeah, yeah, that would be

444
00:28:11,600 --> 00:28:15,080
Speaker 1: that would be the thing. So when a fire have

445
00:28:15,119 --> 00:28:18,640
Speaker 1: a baby that's right or like or like you know,

446
00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:23,800
Speaker 1: Mitch McConnell's neck, Oh god, that's but it has eyes

447
00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:26,560
Speaker 1: and teeth that are on the outside of its lips.

448
00:28:27,160 --> 00:28:31,240
Speaker 1: The artist formerly known as the silhouette of McConnell's Adam's

449
00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:36,960
Speaker 1: Apple is put in color right. And they actually even

450
00:28:36,960 --> 00:28:41,400
Speaker 1: though they do have eyes, they're completely blind. Um. And

451
00:28:41,920 --> 00:28:47,520
Speaker 1: they live in underground huge underground networks have tunnels. Um.

452
00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:50,920
Speaker 1: And they're very similar to be an ant colonies, and

453
00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:56,120
Speaker 1: that they have one breeding female queen who is disgustingly

454
00:28:56,320 --> 00:29:01,040
Speaker 1: enlarged when she's pregnant. Uh, I thought you were just

455
00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:04,520
Speaker 1: this This podcast is so ripe with details and so intelligent.

456
00:29:04,560 --> 00:29:06,400
Speaker 1: I thought you're just gonna be like and one queen

457
00:29:06,480 --> 00:29:09,560
Speaker 1: who's disgusting. I was just going to be the hand.

458
00:29:09,720 --> 00:29:14,840
Speaker 1: I mean. So, I've got a few pictures to show you.

459
00:29:15,080 --> 00:29:18,520
Speaker 1: Here's one, and you can see her. I don't even

460
00:29:18,520 --> 00:29:21,280
Speaker 1: know what I'm looking at. It's a it's a naked

461
00:29:21,320 --> 00:29:26,720
Speaker 1: morat queen enlarged with pregnant, just like multiple babies, and

462
00:29:27,320 --> 00:29:30,480
Speaker 1: she's like many times the size of like a regular

463
00:29:30,560 --> 00:29:33,600
Speaker 1: mole rat. Here's another one who's so pregnant, looks like

464
00:29:33,640 --> 00:29:37,120
Speaker 1: a giant. But that's true. Um, if only that's how

465
00:29:37,120 --> 00:29:40,320
Speaker 1: it worked, if you're twins. They just watched this one.

466
00:29:40,480 --> 00:29:42,520
Speaker 1: This one looks like it looks like she has this

467
00:29:42,600 --> 00:29:46,400
Speaker 1: like huge just perfect asked, But it really is just

468
00:29:46,720 --> 00:29:50,920
Speaker 1: her sides teeming with babies. Don't blow up her spot.

469
00:29:53,440 --> 00:29:59,760
Speaker 1: Um so uh the the There here's a few quick

470
00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:03,120
Speaker 1: mole rat facts. Welcome to mole rat facts Corner. They

471
00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:07,720
Speaker 1: don't sponsored by sprite Researchers believe that they don't feel pain.

472
00:30:08,040 --> 00:30:11,280
Speaker 1: They can survive almost twenty minutes without oxygen and they're

473
00:30:11,320 --> 00:30:14,040
Speaker 1: almost immune to cancer. That sounds like my ex wife,

474
00:30:15,240 --> 00:30:18,760
Speaker 1: what all three of those things immune to pain? Hold

475
00:30:18,800 --> 00:30:24,000
Speaker 1: her breath and she's a sort of cancer. That's good.

476
00:30:24,840 --> 00:30:27,400
Speaker 1: I don't know, it seems to work for her. Um

477
00:30:27,520 --> 00:30:31,960
Speaker 1: I wish you well. Doesn't sound like she needs luck.

478
00:30:33,280 --> 00:30:37,000
Speaker 1: She doesn't me so, I mean just it's so I

479
00:30:37,040 --> 00:30:39,880
Speaker 1: love mother Nature's sense of humor. That like one of

480
00:30:39,880 --> 00:30:44,760
Speaker 1: the most amazingly resilient animals looks like a nut sack

481
00:30:45,320 --> 00:30:49,680
Speaker 1: with teeth, which is like the least resilient, the most

482
00:30:49,760 --> 00:30:54,040
Speaker 1: vulnerable of things in the universe. You are you are

483
00:30:54,200 --> 00:31:01,560
Speaker 1: unbreakable and I am Mr Glass. Just the mole rat

484
00:31:01,680 --> 00:31:05,320
Speaker 1: and a ball sack meeting and it's like, well, what's

485
00:31:05,320 --> 00:31:12,600
Speaker 1: his name? Bruce Willis met? Whose name? Samuel Jackson? Yes? Yes, um?

486
00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:15,200
Speaker 1: And that in that movie Unbreakable? Who knew that you

487
00:31:15,240 --> 00:31:18,000
Speaker 1: would be able to connect this? Thanks those four things?

488
00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:23,680
Speaker 1: I guess technically yes, five things, two things, one unit

489
00:31:23,720 --> 00:31:29,400
Speaker 1: to yeah right math anyways, um ballsac math, Welcome to

490
00:31:29,440 --> 00:31:35,760
Speaker 1: Baal Sac Math Corner Corner sponsored by um SO Division

491
00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:40,520
Speaker 1: of Labor among Uh. They're these like casts of nick

492
00:31:40,640 --> 00:31:44,200
Speaker 1: mule rats, these different uh kind of ranks. So there's

493
00:31:44,280 --> 00:31:47,360
Speaker 1: the one breeding female queen and then typically up to

494
00:31:47,640 --> 00:31:53,200
Speaker 1: three breeding males. Uh. The non breeders do work building tunnels,

495
00:31:53,320 --> 00:31:56,160
Speaker 1: taking care of the pups, foraging for food with their

496
00:31:56,360 --> 00:32:00,440
Speaker 1: huge outside teeth. And I can't emphasize this enough. Like

497
00:32:00,480 --> 00:32:04,120
Speaker 1: their teeth are outside of their lips. It's very good looking. Um.

498
00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:08,120
Speaker 1: They will clean poop out of the nondesignated toilet areas. Uh.

499
00:32:08,160 --> 00:32:10,680
Speaker 1: And they do. They actually have little toilet areas and

500
00:32:10,720 --> 00:32:13,600
Speaker 1: they'll go in do their duty. And it's not it's

501
00:32:13,640 --> 00:32:16,480
Speaker 1: not just it's not that they find poop growth because

502
00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:18,680
Speaker 1: they'll roll around in it and we'll talk about more

503
00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:23,720
Speaker 1: poop things later. But they yes, uh poop tease. UM.

504
00:32:23,960 --> 00:32:27,440
Speaker 1: So they'll fend off intruders and UH. So there's some

505
00:32:27,480 --> 00:32:32,480
Speaker 1: evidence that, UM, there are dominant structures within the ranks

506
00:32:32,480 --> 00:32:36,880
Speaker 1: of workers. So when they are passing through each by

507
00:32:36,880 --> 00:32:39,240
Speaker 1: each other and tunnels, if the tunnel is narrow enough,

508
00:32:39,520 --> 00:32:43,080
Speaker 1: the subordinates will pass under the dominant naked mole routes

509
00:32:43,320 --> 00:32:46,560
Speaker 1: is one of the theories. UM. And so there's some

510
00:32:46,680 --> 00:32:51,320
Speaker 1: research that uh kind of suggests that there are three

511
00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:56,760
Speaker 1: main categories of workers. There's the busy workers, the pep caretakers,

512
00:32:56,800 --> 00:33:00,000
Speaker 1: and then the large lazy workers the homers if you will.

513
00:33:00,680 --> 00:33:06,600
Speaker 1: Um so, uh And what's interesting is this research kind

514
00:33:06,600 --> 00:33:08,840
Speaker 1: of I think the initial research kind of overlooked the

515
00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:13,120
Speaker 1: fact that the larger lazier workers actually took a more

516
00:33:13,760 --> 00:33:17,760
Speaker 1: active role in defending the colonies. So even though they

517
00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:21,000
Speaker 1: didn't do as much of the grunt work, they did

518
00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:23,560
Speaker 1: a lot more of the soldier work. So they would

519
00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:28,040
Speaker 1: they would fend off predators or invaders. Um, they use

520
00:33:28,080 --> 00:33:31,760
Speaker 1: your their teeth for that. Yeah, yeah, they're they're fun

521
00:33:31,800 --> 00:33:36,240
Speaker 1: outside teeth. Yeah. I've never heard the term outside teeth before,

522
00:33:36,240 --> 00:33:40,440
Speaker 1: and it's perfect and I I don't think this is

523
00:33:40,480 --> 00:33:43,280
Speaker 1: how it works. But if I saw an angry nutsack

524
00:33:43,400 --> 00:33:46,120
Speaker 1: just running towards me, gnashing its teeth, that I wouldn't

525
00:33:46,400 --> 00:33:48,320
Speaker 1: that I would be done. Yeah. No, that's a that's

526
00:33:48,320 --> 00:33:52,240
Speaker 1: a one eight turnaround situation. Yeah, that's a that's a no.

527
00:33:52,560 --> 00:33:54,920
Speaker 1: That's a no situation. It's a hard no, that's a

528
00:33:54,920 --> 00:34:03,400
Speaker 1: hard soft sack. Right. Um. So, male workers are functionally sterile.

529
00:34:03,960 --> 00:34:08,760
Speaker 1: Um so their sex hormones are suppressed, likely by dominance

530
00:34:08,840 --> 00:34:11,640
Speaker 1: behavior by the queen. So the queen one of her

531
00:34:11,680 --> 00:34:19,520
Speaker 1: behaviors is just shoving literally for us, shoving shoving them

532
00:34:19,560 --> 00:34:25,960
Speaker 1: around um with her giant writhing mass of pregnancy. UM

533
00:34:26,520 --> 00:34:29,719
Speaker 1: and so, but they are but all of the females

534
00:34:29,760 --> 00:34:33,239
Speaker 1: do have the potential to become breeding queens. So when

535
00:34:33,239 --> 00:34:36,560
Speaker 1: the queen dies, one of the females will take her place,

536
00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:41,120
Speaker 1: um and usually just by being the most dominant, most

537
00:34:41,239 --> 00:34:46,000
Speaker 1: u ready to ready, most boss bay around. Yeah, that's

538
00:34:46,040 --> 00:34:48,920
Speaker 1: interesting that they have to overcome the fact that they

539
00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:51,879
Speaker 1: have been so docile for so long. Words, I wonder

540
00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:54,800
Speaker 1: what triggers that were, like if just the death triggers

541
00:34:54,840 --> 00:34:57,040
Speaker 1: that I think, because there's no more, they aren't getting

542
00:34:57,040 --> 00:35:01,960
Speaker 1: bullied as much, so new bully arises. That's so um

543
00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:05,160
Speaker 1: and uh. Sometimes they will actually escape from the colony

544
00:35:05,200 --> 00:35:08,080
Speaker 1: and they'll break off to start their own colony UM

545
00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:12,640
Speaker 1: and that helps. Also that's suggested to help prevent genetic

546
00:35:12,640 --> 00:35:17,320
Speaker 1: bottleneck UM. And then finally, let's talk about poop eating,

547
00:35:17,360 --> 00:35:20,920
Speaker 1: because I know this is was your the best for LASS.

548
00:35:21,280 --> 00:35:24,000
Speaker 1: So they eat poop to communicate and for their health.

549
00:35:24,440 --> 00:35:27,480
Speaker 1: So the little pups will beg for poop by chirping

550
00:35:27,480 --> 00:35:30,640
Speaker 1: and scratching at the workers butts, just like scratching at

551
00:35:30,640 --> 00:35:35,160
Speaker 1: their anuses until they're like, fine, here's some poop. So

552
00:35:35,239 --> 00:35:37,680
Speaker 1: the reason that the babies like to eat the poop

553
00:35:37,760 --> 00:35:40,120
Speaker 1: is that their gut flora is not developed yet, so

554
00:35:40,160 --> 00:35:43,680
Speaker 1: by eating the fecal matter, they actually help develop the

555
00:35:43,760 --> 00:35:47,160
Speaker 1: helpful bacteria in their guts that will help them digest

556
00:35:47,200 --> 00:35:50,080
Speaker 1: the tubers and all the harsh uh kind of ruffage

557
00:35:50,160 --> 00:35:52,799
Speaker 1: that they have to eat um. But they're not the

558
00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:55,240
Speaker 1: only ones who eat poop. The rest of the workers

559
00:35:55,280 --> 00:35:57,680
Speaker 1: will eat their poop for nutrition. And there is some

560
00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:02,000
Speaker 1: developing resource that suggests that the ueens poop contains hormones

561
00:36:02,040 --> 00:36:05,879
Speaker 1: that may control the behavior of her subordinates, so she

562
00:36:05,920 --> 00:36:08,520
Speaker 1: gets just more and more devious as we go on.

563
00:36:08,960 --> 00:36:12,760
Speaker 1: So researchers fed workers the queen's poop and they became

564
00:36:12,760 --> 00:36:15,880
Speaker 1: more responsive to the cries of pups. So the idea

565
00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:18,240
Speaker 1: is that the queen's poop is so rich with these

566
00:36:18,280 --> 00:36:22,040
Speaker 1: these hormones that when the females eat the poop, then

567
00:36:22,080 --> 00:36:24,640
Speaker 1: they're like, they're like, oh, kind of overwhelmed with this

568
00:36:24,719 --> 00:36:29,840
Speaker 1: caretaker hormone, so they're literally mind controlling them with shit. Amazing,

569
00:36:29,920 --> 00:36:32,160
Speaker 1: the queen's poop sounds like it's being like beta tested,

570
00:36:32,440 --> 00:36:35,359
Speaker 1: like you know the the West Hollywood Whole Foods right now,

571
00:36:35,800 --> 00:36:38,720
Speaker 1: right with with the Dame Judy Den. Yes, of course,

572
00:36:40,440 --> 00:36:44,440
Speaker 1: um um, would you have for a sample of the

573
00:36:44,520 --> 00:36:49,320
Speaker 1: Queen's poop? I mean, if it's free like a Black

574
00:36:49,360 --> 00:36:52,799
Speaker 1: Mirror episode, Yeah, it is like like, oh but good.

575
00:36:53,600 --> 00:36:57,480
Speaker 1: The queen's poop signifies propaganda, and when you eat the poop,

576
00:36:57,560 --> 00:37:01,320
Speaker 1: that signifies you eating the propaganda into it. I follow,

577
00:37:01,360 --> 00:37:03,280
Speaker 1: I think I follow. I think I followed this episode.

578
00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:07,440
Speaker 1: I followed the metaphor. I also like the idea that

579
00:37:07,480 --> 00:37:11,560
Speaker 1: I think it's so involved that they do have designated

580
00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:15,480
Speaker 1: poop areas and the fact that they know that is

581
00:37:15,560 --> 00:37:18,520
Speaker 1: so impressive. And then off that the fact that they

582
00:37:18,520 --> 00:37:21,839
Speaker 1: will still poop in the non designated areas. It's still

583
00:37:21,920 --> 00:37:25,120
Speaker 1: very human as well. Or it's just like what the

584
00:37:23,960 --> 00:37:28,320
Speaker 1: fun There's a whole place they taste in like Dennis,

585
00:37:28,719 --> 00:37:31,040
Speaker 1: is this your poop? It is Dennis, and he does

586
00:37:31,080 --> 00:37:34,839
Speaker 1: it every goddamn just ship in the designated room, man,

587
00:37:36,600 --> 00:37:38,640
Speaker 1: like this is disgusting. Then they pick it up with

588
00:37:38,680 --> 00:37:40,600
Speaker 1: their mouths and move it to the poop area and

589
00:37:40,640 --> 00:37:42,400
Speaker 1: maybe eat some of the poop just a little bit

590
00:37:42,400 --> 00:37:45,160
Speaker 1: on the way just like, well, I guess I'll snack

591
00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:48,279
Speaker 1: on it as I carry it to the toilet. If

592
00:37:48,320 --> 00:37:53,920
Speaker 1: you make me you wanted to do it, that's uh

593
00:37:54,040 --> 00:37:59,520
Speaker 1: that well, you know the wonders of nature. Yeah, I

594
00:37:59,600 --> 00:38:02,160
Speaker 1: think it will. Rats present an obvious puzzle in terms

595
00:38:02,160 --> 00:38:05,440
Speaker 1: of natural selection, but altruism in general can be just

596
00:38:05,520 --> 00:38:09,839
Speaker 1: as perplexing. Altruism is a tricky topic in evolutionary biology.

597
00:38:09,880 --> 00:38:12,120
Speaker 1: After all, when you think of survival of the fittest,

598
00:38:12,480 --> 00:38:15,880
Speaker 1: competition and selfishness seem like clear winners. So if a

599
00:38:15,920 --> 00:38:19,000
Speaker 1: selfish cheat or prospers, his genes will be passed on.

600
00:38:19,560 --> 00:38:23,480
Speaker 1: But all sorts of creatures, from humans to other mammals, insects, plants,

601
00:38:23,480 --> 00:38:28,279
Speaker 1: have developed cooperative, seemingly altruistic strategies. Figuring out how this

602
00:38:28,360 --> 00:38:31,560
Speaker 1: works from an evolutionary standpoint has been a fascinating and

603
00:38:31,640 --> 00:38:36,000
Speaker 1: contentious challenge for biologists. One of the more controversial topics

604
00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:39,840
Speaker 1: in evolutionary biology is that of kin selection and group selection.

605
00:38:40,400 --> 00:38:43,680
Speaker 1: Kin Selection is an evolutionary strategy in which an individual

606
00:38:43,719 --> 00:38:47,320
Speaker 1: will try to optimize the reproductive success of their relatives.

607
00:38:47,360 --> 00:38:50,320
Speaker 1: The simplified idea is you share your genes with your relatives,

608
00:38:50,320 --> 00:38:53,040
Speaker 1: so if you help them succeed, even if it risks

609
00:38:53,080 --> 00:38:56,239
Speaker 1: costing your own success, they'll pass on genes similar to

610
00:38:56,280 --> 00:38:59,160
Speaker 1: your own, which will in turnspawn more of your altruistic

611
00:38:59,239 --> 00:39:02,720
Speaker 1: genes in the future. There's even a mathematical formula called

612
00:39:02,760 --> 00:39:05,960
Speaker 1: Hamilton's rule that demonstrates how your own genes can increase

613
00:39:05,960 --> 00:39:09,160
Speaker 1: in frequency when you help your relative reproduce. So the

614
00:39:09,239 --> 00:39:12,000
Speaker 1: formula goes like this, As long as your relatedness to

615
00:39:12,040 --> 00:39:15,360
Speaker 1: your relative, multiplied by how much you're helping them reproduce,

616
00:39:15,840 --> 00:39:18,799
Speaker 1: is greater than the cost to your own reproduction, then

617
00:39:18,920 --> 00:39:22,839
Speaker 1: that strategy should help your genes replicate, otherwise known as

618
00:39:22,880 --> 00:39:26,799
Speaker 1: the Wingman Cockblog paradox. Though kin selection is often used

619
00:39:26,800 --> 00:39:30,759
Speaker 1: to explain altruistic behavior in animals and even humans, there's

620
00:39:30,760 --> 00:39:35,359
Speaker 1: another more controversial theory, group selection. The idea of group

621
00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:39,200
Speaker 1: selection is that natural selection also acts upon groups. This

622
00:39:39,320 --> 00:39:41,959
Speaker 1: theory has been refined into something called the multi level

623
00:39:42,040 --> 00:39:45,360
Speaker 1: selection theory a k a. The Russian nesting doll theory

624
00:39:45,600 --> 00:39:48,439
Speaker 1: a k a. A bunch of old evolutionary biologists yelling

625
00:39:48,480 --> 00:39:51,560
Speaker 1: at each other theory. The idea is that natural selection

626
00:39:51,600 --> 00:39:56,319
Speaker 1: puts evolutionary pressure upon organisms on multiple levels. First upon

627
00:39:56,360 --> 00:39:59,200
Speaker 1: the genes. This is the innermost layer of the nesting doll.

628
00:39:59,560 --> 00:40:02,960
Speaker 1: Then this cells than the entire organism, than the outermost

629
00:40:03,040 --> 00:40:06,239
Speaker 1: layer is the group. Critics of this theory, of whom

630
00:40:06,239 --> 00:40:08,880
Speaker 1: there are many, argue that group selection doesn't work in

631
00:40:08,880 --> 00:40:12,600
Speaker 1: the natural world, which would favor cheaters over cooperators on

632
00:40:12,640 --> 00:40:16,800
Speaker 1: an individual level, and that pro social behavior requires direct

633
00:40:16,880 --> 00:40:20,839
Speaker 1: selective pressure, for instance, when mere cats literally exiled those

634
00:40:20,840 --> 00:40:24,319
Speaker 1: who break the rules. So there you go. There's an

635
00:40:24,360 --> 00:40:26,920
Speaker 1: overly simplified rundown of one of the biggest debates and

636
00:40:26,960 --> 00:40:30,440
Speaker 1: evolutionary biology. And I'm afraid I'm a bit too spineless

637
00:40:30,480 --> 00:40:32,360
Speaker 1: to come up with my own position on this quarrel.

638
00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:35,279
Speaker 1: Speaking of spineless, when we get back from a quick break,

639
00:40:35,320 --> 00:40:37,319
Speaker 1: we're going to look at some animals who may lack

640
00:40:37,360 --> 00:40:40,440
Speaker 1: a spine, but who have hearts of gold or mandibles

641
00:40:40,440 --> 00:40:45,719
Speaker 1: of gold. Will be right back. So let's talk about bees, ants,

642
00:40:45,719 --> 00:40:48,040
Speaker 1: and termites and all of those hive minds. How does

643
00:40:48,160 --> 00:40:51,520
Speaker 1: natural selection work when there's only one queen who reproduces.

644
00:40:51,840 --> 00:40:54,680
Speaker 1: Why do members of a colony happily serve their queen

645
00:40:54,680 --> 00:40:58,160
Speaker 1: when they could be out there getting laden, laying eggs. Bees,

646
00:40:58,200 --> 00:41:01,359
Speaker 1: ants and other hive insects are used social you. Sociality

647
00:41:01,400 --> 00:41:04,000
Speaker 1: describes a society that cooperates for the good of the

648
00:41:04,160 --> 00:41:07,760
Speaker 1: entire brute rather than the good of the individual. Typically,

649
00:41:07,760 --> 00:41:10,319
Speaker 1: there is a single breeding queen and different jobs and

650
00:41:10,360 --> 00:41:13,839
Speaker 1: casts within the society. The whole youth social society may

651
00:41:13,840 --> 00:41:17,719
Speaker 1: depend on their unique reproduction strategy. Social ants, bees and

652
00:41:17,840 --> 00:41:21,080
Speaker 1: termites are a haploid diploid. This means that the females

653
00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:24,120
Speaker 1: are born from fertilized eggs, having DNA from the mother

654
00:41:24,160 --> 00:41:27,719
Speaker 1: and father, whereas males are born from unfertilized eggs, having

655
00:41:27,800 --> 00:41:31,560
Speaker 1: only maternal DNA. This means that sister worker ants who

656
00:41:31,600 --> 00:41:34,480
Speaker 1: share a father in a colony are actually seventy percent

657
00:41:34,600 --> 00:41:38,200
Speaker 1: related to each other. There's a mathematical equation that explains it.

658
00:41:38,600 --> 00:41:40,680
Speaker 1: As you may know, I'm not very strong on math,

659
00:41:40,760 --> 00:41:43,200
Speaker 1: but essentially, they all share one hundred percent of their

660
00:41:43,200 --> 00:41:47,399
Speaker 1: father's DNA and of their mother's DNA, so they are

661
00:41:47,400 --> 00:41:50,560
Speaker 1: more related to their sisters than potential offspring who would

662
00:41:50,600 --> 00:41:52,919
Speaker 1: only share fifty percent of their DNA with their mother.

663
00:41:53,400 --> 00:41:55,720
Speaker 1: This lends itself to the theory that their youth social

664
00:41:55,719 --> 00:42:00,920
Speaker 1: behavior is kin selection at work, an evolutionary sisterhood. Of course, ants,

665
00:42:00,960 --> 00:42:04,000
Speaker 1: bees and termites are more complex than this more simplified

666
00:42:04,040 --> 00:42:07,720
Speaker 1: picture with sneaky workers sometimes laying eggs and queens mating

667
00:42:07,840 --> 00:42:11,560
Speaker 1: with multiple fathers. But at its core, that possibility for

668
00:42:11,640 --> 00:42:17,879
Speaker 1: SEV relatedness to sisters represents the evolutionary pathway towards you sociality.

669
00:42:18,320 --> 00:42:19,960
Speaker 1: So that was a lot of words. Do you have

670
00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:23,520
Speaker 1: any questions? No, I understood it all completely. So ants

671
00:42:23,600 --> 00:42:26,880
Speaker 1: are more related to their sisters than they would their

672
00:42:26,920 --> 00:42:30,800
Speaker 1: own kids. Okay, so crazy, yeah, yeah, because of that

673
00:42:30,800 --> 00:42:34,960
Speaker 1: that halfway yeah, yeah, where the males just are basically

674
00:42:35,400 --> 00:42:38,520
Speaker 1: they receive a certain amount of DNA from their mothers,

675
00:42:38,719 --> 00:42:43,800
Speaker 1: no paternal DNA. Fathers are related to their daughters, whereas

676
00:42:43,880 --> 00:42:47,920
Speaker 1: daughters are fifty percent related to their fathers. And male

677
00:42:48,000 --> 00:42:53,239
Speaker 1: bees and ants and termites can have grandsons, but they

678
00:42:53,280 --> 00:42:57,520
Speaker 1: don't have fathers, right right. This is like, uh, you

679
00:42:57,560 --> 00:42:59,719
Speaker 1: know in school when they would be teaching you, you know,

680
00:42:59,719 --> 00:43:02,360
Speaker 1: like the is pointless fucking math problems that were just

681
00:43:02,480 --> 00:43:06,080
Speaker 1: like if this then this, but this, if but however this,

682
00:43:06,480 --> 00:43:08,160
Speaker 1: and it's just like this is the dumbest thing. No

683
00:43:08,200 --> 00:43:10,440
Speaker 1: one would ever try to confuse you like this. But

684
00:43:10,600 --> 00:43:13,440
Speaker 1: that's literally a real life application of one of those

685
00:43:13,480 --> 00:43:16,000
Speaker 1: math Yeah that's what. How like when I took a

686
00:43:16,040 --> 00:43:18,200
Speaker 1: class in college on this and they gave us this

687
00:43:18,320 --> 00:43:22,160
Speaker 1: problems that it felt like one of those ridiculous, made

688
00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:26,759
Speaker 1: up problems like no, this is real, this is uh real,

689
00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:29,680
Speaker 1: and I have to use math and it was I

690
00:43:29,760 --> 00:43:34,680
Speaker 1: found it difficult. I can't imagine. We had very different educations.

691
00:43:37,920 --> 00:43:42,320
Speaker 1: There's a lot more pretending, I think at Emerson College.

692
00:43:43,360 --> 00:43:46,600
Speaker 1: But it's so it's really interesting. So these uh, these

693
00:43:46,640 --> 00:43:50,160
Speaker 1: social we can learn a lot I think from from uh.

694
00:43:50,440 --> 00:43:53,760
Speaker 1: Aunt's By is another of these youth social colonies because

695
00:43:53,760 --> 00:43:58,640
Speaker 1: of how they have been evolution has shaped them into

696
00:43:58,680 --> 00:44:05,000
Speaker 1: the perfect society of cooperation. Uh. And so there's the

697
00:44:05,080 --> 00:44:08,080
Speaker 1: question how do bees cope with a zombie apocalypse? And

698
00:44:08,120 --> 00:44:11,719
Speaker 1: can we learn from them? Oh? Interesting because it is

699
00:44:11,760 --> 00:44:16,359
Speaker 1: their own kin rising up book? Is that because they

700
00:44:16,400 --> 00:44:18,440
Speaker 1: have actually how do any of these because all these

701
00:44:18,480 --> 00:44:21,160
Speaker 1: things have so many relatives, you know, like where for

702
00:44:21,280 --> 00:44:22,960
Speaker 1: us it's like God, that would be fucked up if

703
00:44:22,960 --> 00:44:25,080
Speaker 1: you saw your mom coming at you know, I guess zombie.

704
00:44:25,120 --> 00:44:29,799
Speaker 1: But they have so many family members and sisters, Like God,

705
00:44:29,840 --> 00:44:32,760
Speaker 1: I had to kill one of my sisters. But also

706
00:44:32,800 --> 00:44:35,200
Speaker 1: if you only lived with your sisters, wouldn't you just

707
00:44:35,239 --> 00:44:39,040
Speaker 1: fantasize about killing Yes, yes, I mean I think it's

708
00:44:39,080 --> 00:44:47,400
Speaker 1: also because they're they're so relatively selfless compared to human society. Um.

709
00:44:47,480 --> 00:44:49,600
Speaker 1: So there's a very real example of this. There's a

710
00:44:49,640 --> 00:44:52,600
Speaker 1: parasite called the scuttle fly, which sounds really cute, but

711
00:44:52,680 --> 00:44:56,520
Speaker 1: it's not. Um I think the word parasites suggested that

712
00:44:56,560 --> 00:45:00,239
Speaker 1: it wasn't um. Oh, and there's a there's a cool

713
00:45:00,600 --> 00:45:04,200
Speaker 1: So if you've ever wondered what the differences between parasite

714
00:45:04,320 --> 00:45:08,160
Speaker 1: like parasitic and parasitoid. Parasitoid means that it will in

715
00:45:08,440 --> 00:45:11,800
Speaker 1: once in one stage of its life cycle, kill its host,

716
00:45:12,160 --> 00:45:17,080
Speaker 1: whereas parasitic it may or may not kill its host. Um. So,

717
00:45:17,280 --> 00:45:21,320
Speaker 1: the scuttle fly will infect bees with their maggots uh,

718
00:45:21,360 --> 00:45:25,200
Speaker 1: and honey bees infected with the parasite will abandon their

719
00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:29,200
Speaker 1: colonies and fly off aimlessly, zombie like into the night,

720
00:45:29,360 --> 00:45:32,560
Speaker 1: just like just flying around in circle is not really

721
00:45:32,600 --> 00:45:35,960
Speaker 1: do it just you know, had the zombie shuffle, like

722
00:45:36,040 --> 00:45:39,400
Speaker 1: the zombie shuffle but a bee but with but in

723
00:45:39,400 --> 00:45:41,799
Speaker 1: the air right right, or you know, like they can

724
00:45:41,880 --> 00:45:44,120
Speaker 1: sometimes crawl on the ground to and just like bonk

725
00:45:44,160 --> 00:45:46,959
Speaker 1: into things, you know, the zombie shuffle, but a b yeah,

726
00:45:47,000 --> 00:45:52,680
Speaker 1: because you're pregnant with another thing. Oh my god, also

727
00:45:52,800 --> 00:46:00,440
Speaker 1: get it zombie um So you're just high fly yourself.

728
00:46:02,000 --> 00:46:04,560
Speaker 1: I mean I've sprouted more hands just to give myself

729
00:46:04,600 --> 00:46:08,080
Speaker 1: more high fives. I mean, why else would you do it? Right?

730
00:46:08,920 --> 00:46:12,920
Speaker 1: So this the question is, is this an altruistic self sacrifice,

731
00:46:12,920 --> 00:46:15,520
Speaker 1: like our bees wandering off to protect the rest of

732
00:46:15,640 --> 00:46:19,400
Speaker 1: the colony, which is the case often with ants infected

733
00:46:19,440 --> 00:46:23,839
Speaker 1: with um fungus um. Or is this the parasite mind

734
00:46:23,880 --> 00:46:28,120
Speaker 1: controlling the bees? Uh? So, Researchers at San Francisco State

735
00:46:28,200 --> 00:46:32,200
Speaker 1: University are equipping these bees with electronic trackers to discover

736
00:46:32,280 --> 00:46:34,920
Speaker 1: more about their behavior and to see uh. They want

737
00:46:34,960 --> 00:46:37,840
Speaker 1: to both see like like do these bees only wander

738
00:46:37,880 --> 00:46:40,520
Speaker 1: out at night, which would indicate that maybe they're being

739
00:46:40,520 --> 00:46:44,280
Speaker 1: mind controlled because they're traveling out during the day. And

740
00:46:44,800 --> 00:46:47,200
Speaker 1: they also want to track to see if any of

741
00:46:47,200 --> 00:46:50,759
Speaker 1: this zombification is a factor in colony collapse because this

742
00:46:50,960 --> 00:46:54,040
Speaker 1: is happening to bees and it's scary and mysterious because

743
00:46:54,080 --> 00:46:57,000
Speaker 1: we need bees to live. Oh God, as if we're

744
00:46:57,000 --> 00:47:00,279
Speaker 1: not doing enough, you know, to destroy their race, right.

745
00:47:00,680 --> 00:47:03,160
Speaker 1: I do love that humans are now teaming up with

746
00:47:03,239 --> 00:47:05,720
Speaker 1: bees to try to save the bees, Like we're putting

747
00:47:05,760 --> 00:47:08,839
Speaker 1: trackers on bees and like trying to help solve their

748
00:47:08,920 --> 00:47:12,520
Speaker 1: zombie apocalypse. I would really hope that bees would do

749
00:47:12,560 --> 00:47:14,799
Speaker 1: the same for us. Yeah, yeah, I think it might

750
00:47:14,800 --> 00:47:16,480
Speaker 1: be too little, too late though, if they I don't

751
00:47:16,480 --> 00:47:21,120
Speaker 1: know if bees are vindictive, that's true, that whether they

752
00:47:21,520 --> 00:47:26,280
Speaker 1: they're just like, uh, they're they're clasping their little hands

753
00:47:26,320 --> 00:47:34,080
Speaker 1: together like revenge would uh so would this scuttle fly

754
00:47:34,239 --> 00:47:35,840
Speaker 1: is that what you called it? That's right? Would it

755
00:47:35,960 --> 00:47:38,120
Speaker 1: want to be if it is doing mind control? Would

756
00:47:38,160 --> 00:47:40,200
Speaker 1: it want the bee to fly away from the hive

757
00:47:40,320 --> 00:47:44,080
Speaker 1: because that gives their babies like a better chance of survival,

758
00:47:44,160 --> 00:47:46,640
Speaker 1: Like would little maggots not survive as well on a

759
00:47:46,719 --> 00:47:50,640
Speaker 1: high Well, that's kind of the question, is like potentially right,

760
00:47:50,680 --> 00:47:54,200
Speaker 1: because the hive will attack intruders, so once that maggot hatches,

761
00:47:54,680 --> 00:47:56,680
Speaker 1: there's no guarantee that those bees aren't just going to

762
00:47:56,840 --> 00:48:00,680
Speaker 1: kill the maggot. It could also be dispersal, like allowing

763
00:48:00,680 --> 00:48:04,040
Speaker 1: the maggots to have some amount of dispersal. Uh, But

764
00:48:04,320 --> 00:48:06,680
Speaker 1: what's creepy about this is like they don't really know

765
00:48:07,040 --> 00:48:09,839
Speaker 1: that much about it yet, so they're they're that's that's

766
00:48:09,840 --> 00:48:13,640
Speaker 1: why they're making these robot zombie bees. God, what if

767
00:48:13,680 --> 00:48:16,239
Speaker 1: these what if the hive if they send something was

768
00:48:16,280 --> 00:48:18,040
Speaker 1: a little off, like with that baby, like it had

769
00:48:18,080 --> 00:48:21,759
Speaker 1: a fever or something, they killed that bah. Interesting. I

770
00:48:21,800 --> 00:48:24,359
Speaker 1: don't know, Like I don't I'm not sure if they

771
00:48:24,400 --> 00:48:29,799
Speaker 1: actually like kill the sick. I think that, yeah, but

772
00:48:30,000 --> 00:48:33,400
Speaker 1: I do think that the potential theory that they actually

773
00:48:33,440 --> 00:48:37,719
Speaker 1: self isolated has been shown like that that um, And

774
00:48:38,080 --> 00:48:42,520
Speaker 1: there is a lot of self sacrifice in these colony situations, um,

775
00:48:43,080 --> 00:48:46,759
Speaker 1: which is you know, kind of a uh like if

776
00:48:46,880 --> 00:48:49,759
Speaker 1: in a human apocalypse, like if people would selflessly be like,

777
00:48:49,840 --> 00:48:52,320
Speaker 1: oh I think I'm infected, I better go to that quarantine,

778
00:48:52,719 --> 00:48:54,600
Speaker 1: we'd probably be a lot better off. But we know

779
00:48:54,680 --> 00:48:57,560
Speaker 1: humans wouldn't do that. No, No, absolutely not. Whenever I'm sick,

780
00:48:57,600 --> 00:48:59,640
Speaker 1: I just say I have allergies right right, like your

781
00:48:59,719 --> 00:49:05,160
Speaker 1: jaw it's falling off. Fine, just got surgery summer called

782
00:49:06,280 --> 00:49:09,000
Speaker 1: I got my wisdom teeth that you're you're forty nine.

783
00:49:10,520 --> 00:49:16,400
Speaker 1: They just came in so uh and other news about

784
00:49:16,400 --> 00:49:19,520
Speaker 1: what humans are doing for bees. Lately, Papa Johns made

785
00:49:19,520 --> 00:49:23,480
Speaker 1: a tiny pizza for bees. Oh that's good the marketing campaign.

786
00:49:23,640 --> 00:49:25,879
Speaker 1: That's weird because bees are half black and the guy

787
00:49:25,920 --> 00:49:30,320
Speaker 1: who owns that place as a racist boy, didn't he

788
00:49:30,360 --> 00:49:33,040
Speaker 1: get kicked out? Though he did, he did finally after

789
00:49:33,200 --> 00:49:36,040
Speaker 1: years of fighting it for summer. And see. So so

790
00:49:36,160 --> 00:49:40,000
Speaker 1: they're okay with the striations on bees now yeah, yeah,

791
00:49:40,080 --> 00:49:42,479
Speaker 1: now that he now that racist piece of ship has gone,

792
00:49:42,800 --> 00:49:46,520
Speaker 1: they can now make a piece for bees. Make bees.

793
00:49:47,080 --> 00:49:50,920
Speaker 1: Here's a fun tip. Bees hate racists. Good proved me wrong.

794
00:49:51,200 --> 00:49:53,520
Speaker 1: I wouldn't dare. I want you to be right, to

795
00:49:54,239 --> 00:49:59,080
Speaker 1: be wrong. Um, so this is great. Just like they

796
00:49:59,120 --> 00:50:02,879
Speaker 1: made this tiny eat pizza and I think halfway through

797
00:50:02,960 --> 00:50:06,640
Speaker 1: making this pizza they realized bees don't want to eat pizza,

798
00:50:07,239 --> 00:50:09,560
Speaker 1: so they put some flowers and stuff on top of

799
00:50:09,560 --> 00:50:13,760
Speaker 1: the pizza. There you go, it's pizza and a tiny

800
00:50:13,800 --> 00:50:17,880
Speaker 1: pizza box. In no way is this actually helping bees

801
00:50:18,360 --> 00:50:22,920
Speaker 1: this pizza. Um, I mean I guess, I guess. Uh.

802
00:50:22,960 --> 00:50:25,960
Speaker 1: This is a marketing stunt for Papa John's. And also

803
00:50:26,040 --> 00:50:31,759
Speaker 1: to quote draw attention to the plight of pollinators. Um,

804
00:50:31,800 --> 00:50:36,719
Speaker 1: because they're saying, without bees, we don't have tomatoes, so

805
00:50:36,800 --> 00:50:40,000
Speaker 1: we should we should care about bees because without bees,

806
00:50:40,080 --> 00:50:51,960
Speaker 1: there's no pizza. I don't I don't understand marketing clearly because, um,

807
00:50:52,040 --> 00:50:54,520
Speaker 1: but you know, hey, tiny pizzas for bees. Can't really

808
00:50:54,920 --> 00:50:57,239
Speaker 1: find any fault in that. No. No, no, that's as

809
00:50:57,280 --> 00:51:02,880
Speaker 1: innocent as it gets. I guess that's right. Um so uh.

810
00:51:03,360 --> 00:51:07,879
Speaker 1: Other more helpful humans are looking into how ant colony

811
00:51:07,920 --> 00:51:11,880
Speaker 1: behavior actually evolved by making ants a bunch of tiny

812
00:51:11,920 --> 00:51:17,959
Speaker 1: pizzas and pulling them on their opinions. Um, it's like, come,

813
00:51:18,080 --> 00:51:22,520
Speaker 1: come to our come to our focus group. There's free pizza. Uh.

814
00:51:22,719 --> 00:51:24,680
Speaker 1: They flocked to it. They fall for it, just like

815
00:51:24,760 --> 00:51:28,319
Speaker 1: we do. Uh. Oh sorry I forgot to mention. They

816
00:51:28,320 --> 00:51:37,239
Speaker 1: called these pizzas beazzas. Anyways, back to science. Researchers are

817
00:51:37,239 --> 00:51:41,160
Speaker 1: studying clonal raider ants, which are ants that are native

818
00:51:41,200 --> 00:51:45,200
Speaker 1: to mainland Asia. Uh. This species has no queens. They

819
00:51:45,200 --> 00:51:52,120
Speaker 1: are anarchists. Um. They reproduced by cloning themselves, laying unfertilized

820
00:51:52,120 --> 00:51:57,120
Speaker 1: eggs of their exact DNA, so all the ants are workers. Um.

821
00:51:57,160 --> 00:52:00,200
Speaker 1: The researchers think that because they have this structure, are

822
00:52:00,239 --> 00:52:04,680
Speaker 1: the link between solitary ants of the past um. Who

823
00:52:04,719 --> 00:52:09,280
Speaker 1: maybe we're pre uh the ancestors before ants started forming

824
00:52:09,320 --> 00:52:14,319
Speaker 1: colonies and the hierarchical colonies of today um where that

825
00:52:14,400 --> 00:52:17,600
Speaker 1: has the queens and the social structure. Um. So in

826
00:52:17,719 --> 00:52:22,360
Speaker 1: order to uh find out what these clonal radar ants do,

827
00:52:22,600 --> 00:52:25,200
Speaker 1: they painted them in fun colors to track their habits.

828
00:52:25,400 --> 00:52:29,920
Speaker 1: So they're super colorful little ants. UM. Imagine stumbling across

829
00:52:29,960 --> 00:52:32,120
Speaker 1: that and not knowing experiment was going. I was like,

830
00:52:32,160 --> 00:52:36,160
Speaker 1: what the fuck is oh LSD, I'm on LSD, What

831
00:52:36,200 --> 00:52:38,920
Speaker 1: the hell are these colors? All these colors of ants.

832
00:52:39,040 --> 00:52:40,799
Speaker 1: I kind of want to do that, just like with

833
00:52:40,880 --> 00:52:43,600
Speaker 1: ants that get in the home, because then it's like, hey,

834
00:52:43,600 --> 00:52:46,359
Speaker 1: it's ants, but they look colorful and fun. Yeah, it's

835
00:52:46,360 --> 00:52:50,799
Speaker 1: not that big of a deal anymore. I don't care. Uh. So,

836
00:52:51,239 --> 00:52:56,279
Speaker 1: the they actually found that even in groups of six, uh,

837
00:52:56,480 --> 00:53:01,480
Speaker 1: these ants started to delegate tasks and form tames um.

838
00:53:01,600 --> 00:53:03,880
Speaker 1: And they would like have a division of labor, like

839
00:53:03,920 --> 00:53:06,359
Speaker 1: you go out and forage, you do this, and like

840
00:53:06,600 --> 00:53:10,799
Speaker 1: start managing our our little burrowing area. Um. And the

841
00:53:10,840 --> 00:53:14,279
Speaker 1: fact that the fact of the matter is that like

842
00:53:14,400 --> 00:53:17,240
Speaker 1: the larger the ant society, the better and more stable

843
00:53:17,280 --> 00:53:19,920
Speaker 1: they were. I don't know, why I was being so

844
00:53:20,320 --> 00:53:23,600
Speaker 1: argumented of their like like, god, damn it. The bigger

845
00:53:23,640 --> 00:53:27,000
Speaker 1: the ant society the better, right, right, Yeah, it's like okay, geez,

846
00:53:27,040 --> 00:53:29,319
Speaker 1: the one's arguing against you. It's fine. I think that's

847
00:53:29,360 --> 00:53:31,440
Speaker 1: just like a very I think it's because it's part

848
00:53:31,480 --> 00:53:33,920
Speaker 1: of my core philosophy, like if we all work together

849
00:53:34,239 --> 00:53:36,920
Speaker 1: and we include everyone and are inclusive, like, we're going

850
00:53:36,960 --> 00:53:40,520
Speaker 1: to have a better society, not the siloed and societies

851
00:53:40,840 --> 00:53:48,120
Speaker 1: the very specific interests, uh special interests. Well done, of course,

852
00:53:48,320 --> 00:53:53,319
Speaker 1: thank you, thank you. So the fact that they are

853
00:53:53,360 --> 00:53:56,880
Speaker 1: able to easily form these social groups, and that the

854
00:53:56,920 --> 00:54:00,680
Speaker 1: bigger the group the better shows the evolutionary pressures on

855
00:54:00,760 --> 00:54:05,320
Speaker 1: ants to form these big societies. UH, and perhaps showing

856
00:54:05,480 --> 00:54:09,160
Speaker 1: how a youth social society, which seems kind of counterintuitive,

857
00:54:09,160 --> 00:54:14,440
Speaker 1: could actually form uh and be in the ant's best interest. Um,

858
00:54:14,520 --> 00:54:17,920
Speaker 1: and uh ants really are. There's a few cool examples

859
00:54:17,960 --> 00:54:21,440
Speaker 1: of how they're really the masters of teamwork. UH. They'll

860
00:54:21,480 --> 00:54:24,440
Speaker 1: self organized to form bridges to allow other ants to

861
00:54:24,480 --> 00:54:28,880
Speaker 1: pass gaps. UM. They'll form boats and rats when faced

862
00:54:28,960 --> 00:54:32,919
Speaker 1: with water, just kind of self organizing. UM. And then

863
00:54:33,000 --> 00:54:36,720
Speaker 1: they also will this is the grossest but most fun example,

864
00:54:37,239 --> 00:54:40,360
Speaker 1: they will work together in pairs to get honeydew from aphids.

865
00:54:40,440 --> 00:54:43,040
Speaker 1: So a fids will eat plant matter turn it into

866
00:54:43,080 --> 00:54:46,839
Speaker 1: this sugary substance called honeydew that the ants will want

867
00:54:46,920 --> 00:54:50,640
Speaker 1: to eat, and they'll actually form aphids and develop this

868
00:54:50,719 --> 00:54:53,960
Speaker 1: kind of symbiotic relationship with aphids, whereas it's kind of

869
00:54:54,040 --> 00:54:56,840
Speaker 1: unclear whether the aphids are actually benefiting from it, but

870
00:54:56,880 --> 00:55:02,200
Speaker 1: they they they're basically domesticating the aphids. Um. But in

871
00:55:02,320 --> 00:55:05,839
Speaker 1: order to milk an aphid, it requires two ants if

872
00:55:05,880 --> 00:55:08,759
Speaker 1: they're if the ants are small, um like, if it's

873
00:55:08,760 --> 00:55:10,560
Speaker 1: a big enough ant, the ant, the ant can just

874
00:55:10,640 --> 00:55:13,160
Speaker 1: reach around and do all sorts of things. But well,

875
00:55:13,200 --> 00:55:16,520
Speaker 1: there will be a YouTube tutorial of smoking after this.

876
00:55:17,000 --> 00:55:20,319
Speaker 1: What's up, aunt Tuba, I got uh listen. I'm sorry

877
00:55:20,320 --> 00:55:23,719
Speaker 1: I haven't posted a while. It's been real busy, real rough.

878
00:55:23,800 --> 00:55:28,080
Speaker 1: One queen has been real pitch anyways, just a five

879
00:55:28,120 --> 00:55:31,000
Speaker 1: minute preamble. Um, so you just squeeze it, all right,

880
00:55:31,040 --> 00:55:35,359
Speaker 1: that's it. So, in these pairs of ants that are

881
00:55:35,400 --> 00:55:39,800
Speaker 1: milking the aphids, one ant will stimulate the dorsal glands

882
00:55:40,280 --> 00:55:43,400
Speaker 1: while the other ant collects the sugar from the aphids. Butthole.

883
00:55:43,960 --> 00:55:49,759
Speaker 1: That's the better job. Really puts the ass into a system. Uh,

884
00:55:49,880 --> 00:55:52,200
Speaker 1: but that's uh, that's great. Where it's like now you

885
00:55:52,200 --> 00:55:55,520
Speaker 1: you tickle is tickle them while I get his dorsal

886
00:55:55,520 --> 00:55:59,800
Speaker 1: what his dorsal glands? Yes, yes, you tickle his glands

887
00:55:59,800 --> 00:56:01,839
Speaker 1: and going to suck the sugar out of his bee hole.

888
00:56:04,080 --> 00:56:08,919
Speaker 1: It's like you always get you always get to suck

889
00:56:08,960 --> 00:56:11,560
Speaker 1: the sugar out of his bee hole. I'm good at it.

890
00:56:14,719 --> 00:56:19,280
Speaker 1: Thank you the best, thank you. Wait wait a minute,

891
00:56:19,280 --> 00:56:25,520
Speaker 1: you're getting all the but sugar. So I think everyone's

892
00:56:25,560 --> 00:56:29,320
Speaker 1: familiar with the idea that bees and ants and termites

893
00:56:29,320 --> 00:56:33,080
Speaker 1: are social insects, But did you know how spiders can

894
00:56:33,120 --> 00:56:37,440
Speaker 1: actually be quite social and for a huge communities, giant, big,

895
00:56:37,560 --> 00:56:43,000
Speaker 1: large vest. That's terrible news, it's horrific news. So they're

896
00:56:43,040 --> 00:56:47,040
Speaker 1: not always solitary hunters. There are social spiders which live

897
00:56:47,080 --> 00:56:49,440
Speaker 1: all over the world. They're a variety of species that

898
00:56:49,560 --> 00:56:52,440
Speaker 1: do the same behavior. Um and they are just all

899
00:56:52,480 --> 00:56:55,840
Speaker 1: called social spiders, which I love. It's like makes me

900
00:56:55,880 --> 00:56:59,560
Speaker 1: think of like a social media influencer spider, like like

901
00:57:00,040 --> 00:57:06,279
Speaker 1: a fam It's me Marissa E eight legs. Uh, it

902
00:57:06,320 --> 00:57:10,279
Speaker 1: doesn't have like applicable life skills. But it's still good

903
00:57:10,320 --> 00:57:13,800
Speaker 1: on whatever that is. I'm gonna do it. I'm gonna

904
00:57:13,840 --> 00:57:20,040
Speaker 1: do a dead cicada on wrapping. Uh. So, social spiders,

905
00:57:20,040 --> 00:57:22,120
Speaker 1: like I said, they live all over the world. They

906
00:57:22,160 --> 00:57:27,080
Speaker 1: prefer tropical and temperate climates. They even live in eastern US. Um.

907
00:57:27,120 --> 00:57:30,480
Speaker 1: They will work together to weave communal webs that can

908
00:57:30,520 --> 00:57:34,400
Speaker 1: sometimes be as large as football fields. Uh. They will

909
00:57:34,480 --> 00:57:38,400
Speaker 1: completely coat trees and manmade structures. And let me actually

910
00:57:38,400 --> 00:57:42,400
Speaker 1: show you. I've never heard of social spiders. I have

911
00:57:42,480 --> 00:57:48,280
Speaker 1: been called a social butterfly before by many people. I

912
00:57:48,760 --> 00:57:51,800
Speaker 1: would prefer to be called social spider because more legs

913
00:57:51,840 --> 00:57:57,360
Speaker 1: for hugging. Yes. Yes, So here's a picture of some

914
00:57:57,440 --> 00:58:01,400
Speaker 1: of their webs. As you can see, they're quite extensive.

915
00:58:02,760 --> 00:58:06,920
Speaker 1: They can cover he just entire fields, they can cover

916
00:58:07,800 --> 00:58:11,600
Speaker 1: groves of trees. Uh. Here you can see they've completely

917
00:58:11,640 --> 00:58:16,360
Speaker 1: covered this coastline. Um, it's it's such a large web.

918
00:58:16,520 --> 00:58:19,960
Speaker 1: Your your mind wouldn't identify that as a spiderweb. That

919
00:58:20,000 --> 00:58:22,480
Speaker 1: looks like a spider web. But that can't be a spiderweb.

920
00:58:22,520 --> 00:58:25,040
Speaker 1: It looks like some kind of weird fog rolling in

921
00:58:25,160 --> 00:58:30,800
Speaker 1: until you step in it and you feel spaders curling

922
00:58:30,840 --> 00:58:36,840
Speaker 1: all over your legs. Um so. Uh. The reason they

923
00:58:36,880 --> 00:58:40,720
Speaker 1: do this is, uh, they're relatively small spiders. So by

924
00:58:40,800 --> 00:58:45,960
Speaker 1: working together, uh, they put together a better offense and defense.

925
00:58:46,560 --> 00:58:50,320
Speaker 1: Um so defensively speaking, like when a spider web gets

926
00:58:50,400 --> 00:58:53,360
Speaker 1: knocked into by a larger animal than what they're trying

927
00:58:53,400 --> 00:58:56,280
Speaker 1: to prey upon and it gets destroyed, that ruin completely

928
00:58:56,360 --> 00:58:58,360
Speaker 1: ruins their day. They have to rebuild the whole thing.

929
00:58:58,680 --> 00:59:00,880
Speaker 1: It's really dangerous for them too. You know, they can

930
00:59:00,920 --> 00:59:03,520
Speaker 1: get they can get injured or like you know. It's

931
00:59:03,560 --> 00:59:09,160
Speaker 1: so by having by sort of creating this social network

932
00:59:09,320 --> 00:59:15,680
Speaker 1: of webs uh, sort of like an an interweb. Um,

933
00:59:15,760 --> 00:59:20,160
Speaker 1: they even if one individual's work is destroyed, like they

934
00:59:20,160 --> 00:59:26,040
Speaker 1: can use other webs and vice versa. It's kind of

935
00:59:26,080 --> 00:59:29,520
Speaker 1: like some it's like social welfare, you guys. It's like

936
00:59:29,680 --> 00:59:37,880
Speaker 1: it's like healthcare accept actually works. Roasted gotcha. Um So, Uh,

937
00:59:38,000 --> 00:59:42,360
Speaker 1: they also work together to take larger prey. So these are,

938
00:59:42,480 --> 00:59:45,440
Speaker 1: like I said, these are relatively small spiders. Um Like

939
00:59:45,520 --> 00:59:47,600
Speaker 1: not something you would be like. It's one of the

940
00:59:47,600 --> 00:59:50,560
Speaker 1: spiders that even people with aracnophobia are like, Okay, yeah,

941
00:59:50,600 --> 00:59:53,960
Speaker 1: it's just like one of those little ones um, But

942
00:59:54,000 --> 00:59:58,000
Speaker 1: they can actually take down birds and bats because their

943
00:59:58,040 --> 01:00:00,760
Speaker 1: webs are so extensive and so many of them work

944
01:00:00,760 --> 01:00:02,800
Speaker 1: on it. They're they're thick, and so the birds and

945
01:00:02,800 --> 01:00:04,880
Speaker 1: beasts can get trapped in these webs, kind of like

946
01:00:04,960 --> 01:00:07,640
Speaker 1: Frodo when he's an idiot and he runs into the

947
01:00:07,680 --> 01:00:10,560
Speaker 1: sheilab layer and he's just like running around and jiggling

948
01:00:10,560 --> 01:00:14,320
Speaker 1: and get more caught um. And then once it's trapped,

949
01:00:14,440 --> 01:00:18,600
Speaker 1: like it's just swarmed by thousands of spiders. What a

950
01:00:18,880 --> 01:00:22,880
Speaker 1: fucking way to go, right, Yeah, I mean it's the

951
01:00:23,080 --> 01:00:27,280
Speaker 1: It's like, there's no it's not. It's never been shown

952
01:00:27,280 --> 01:00:29,280
Speaker 1: that they can prey on anything larger. But I just

953
01:00:29,360 --> 01:00:33,720
Speaker 1: wonder what happened if you like fell asleep, if you

954
01:00:34,040 --> 01:00:37,520
Speaker 1: if you found yourself in a social spider web and

955
01:00:37,560 --> 01:00:40,520
Speaker 1: then you just felt took a nap. What that nap

956
01:00:40,520 --> 01:00:44,680
Speaker 1: would feel like? Horrifect? Would you rather be eaten by

957
01:00:44,800 --> 01:00:54,560
Speaker 1: all those little spiders or one big slab? I think

958
01:00:55,200 --> 01:01:00,880
Speaker 1: I think one big sheilab because I think the venom

959
01:01:01,360 --> 01:01:05,640
Speaker 1: from that would be would knock me out and be quicker.

960
01:01:06,280 --> 01:01:09,920
Speaker 1: She would be able to And I say she just

961
01:01:09,960 --> 01:01:14,720
Speaker 1: because I associate spider hunters with the larger. Typically the

962
01:01:14,800 --> 01:01:19,280
Speaker 1: larger spiders are female. It was pretty big. I mean, yeah,

963
01:01:20,240 --> 01:01:26,880
Speaker 1: she's swollen, pretty meaty. Yeah. Um, real spiders have curves. Yes,

964
01:01:27,240 --> 01:01:33,760
Speaker 1: real spiders have thoraxes. Um, but she so yeah, so

965
01:01:33,960 --> 01:01:36,080
Speaker 1: like it would be real quick, kind of like one

966
01:01:36,160 --> 01:01:38,919
Speaker 1: to get paralyzed, get all my juice sucked out. Done

967
01:01:39,000 --> 01:01:41,760
Speaker 1: with like thousands of tiny spiders, I feel like they'd

968
01:01:41,760 --> 01:01:46,320
Speaker 1: be a lot less adept so oh they'd be clumsily

969
01:01:46,400 --> 01:01:49,640
Speaker 1: like fighting without purpose. Yeah. I don't think I would

970
01:01:49,640 --> 01:01:52,280
Speaker 1: like that. Yeah, and they'd be so eager to because

971
01:01:52,320 --> 01:01:55,760
Speaker 1: they're not used to something big as we are, right. Uh,

972
01:01:55,800 --> 01:01:59,200
Speaker 1: they'd just be and just like playing around on your inside, like, hey,

973
01:01:59,240 --> 01:02:01,160
Speaker 1: look at what I found. It's clean. I know, it's

974
01:02:01,200 --> 01:02:03,400
Speaker 1: like act like you've been there before. Goddamnit using my

975
01:02:03,480 --> 01:02:06,240
Speaker 1: lungs as a bounty castle. No, I'm not into it.

976
01:02:07,160 --> 01:02:11,920
Speaker 1: Just coughing up thousands of spiders. Wait, that's not normal.

977
01:02:12,400 --> 01:02:14,320
Speaker 1: Oh my gods, that would have so wait what is

978
01:02:14,360 --> 01:02:16,000
Speaker 1: the term? How many spiders do you eat while you're

979
01:02:18,920 --> 01:02:21,320
Speaker 1: I think that's actually kind of like that whole thing

980
01:02:21,520 --> 01:02:24,640
Speaker 1: is an urban legend that you like. I don't think

981
01:02:24,640 --> 01:02:29,160
Speaker 1: you actually Spiders, especially spiders that you'll find in your home,

982
01:02:29,640 --> 01:02:32,439
Speaker 1: don't generally want anything to do with you. They don't

983
01:02:32,440 --> 01:02:34,480
Speaker 1: want to they don't want to approach you, especially if

984
01:02:34,480 --> 01:02:37,800
Speaker 1: you're like kind of breathing in your if you breathe

985
01:02:37,800 --> 01:02:40,280
Speaker 1: when you sleep and you move around like a normal person.

986
01:02:40,880 --> 01:02:43,680
Speaker 1: I don't think spiders want want to mess with you

987
01:02:43,720 --> 01:02:45,920
Speaker 1: now or go in your mouth. It's less like if

988
01:02:45,920 --> 01:02:48,120
Speaker 1: you eat that many spiders. I've actually never thought about

989
01:02:48,120 --> 01:02:50,360
Speaker 1: this before. Then what is what are the stats on

990
01:02:50,440 --> 01:02:52,600
Speaker 1: all the other things that you're consuming? Because a spider

991
01:02:52,640 --> 01:02:55,000
Speaker 1: that doesn't want to go anything like anywhere near you, Like,

992
01:02:55,040 --> 01:02:57,560
Speaker 1: what else are you sucking up? Right? I mean you

993
01:02:57,600 --> 01:03:00,960
Speaker 1: know you're more you're more likely to be like sucking

994
01:03:01,040 --> 01:03:06,280
Speaker 1: up uh your own like eyelash mites while you're sleeping, um,

995
01:03:06,360 --> 01:03:09,560
Speaker 1: which you have? You have mites on your eyelash right now,

996
01:03:09,680 --> 01:03:14,560
Speaker 1: Get used to it. They're tiny, they look like spiders.

997
01:03:14,760 --> 01:03:17,400
Speaker 1: They're very tiny. They live in your eyelashes right now,

998
01:03:17,640 --> 01:03:19,640
Speaker 1: and it's a good thing because they eat the dead

999
01:03:19,680 --> 01:03:22,400
Speaker 1: skin around your eyelashes and keep them from getting super gross.

1000
01:03:22,720 --> 01:03:25,800
Speaker 1: So stop blinking like an idiot and enjoy it. Just

1001
01:03:25,960 --> 01:03:28,920
Speaker 1: enjoy the soft kisses of tiny, tiny mites all up

1002
01:03:28,920 --> 01:03:31,280
Speaker 1: in your eyelashes, near those things that you see with

1003
01:03:34,480 --> 01:03:36,840
Speaker 1: So hey, I know what you're gonna ask. What can

1004
01:03:36,920 --> 01:03:40,080
Speaker 1: we learn from ants when it comes to human society?

1005
01:03:40,240 --> 01:03:43,960
Speaker 1: While researchers at the University of Pennsylvania are painting ants

1006
01:03:44,000 --> 01:03:46,920
Speaker 1: fabulous colors, not so they can go to Coachella, but

1007
01:03:47,000 --> 01:03:49,520
Speaker 1: to learn more about ant society and in turn, to

1008
01:03:49,640 --> 01:03:53,640
Speaker 1: understand human society. Painting the ants different vibrant hues with

1009
01:03:53,680 --> 01:03:57,160
Speaker 1: colorful dots allow researchers to follow the routine of individual

1010
01:03:57,200 --> 01:03:59,800
Speaker 1: ants to see how work is divided among the call

1011
01:03:59,880 --> 01:04:02,880
Speaker 1: it me the u pen. Researchers also say that ants

1012
01:04:02,960 --> 01:04:06,240
Speaker 1: who have over a hundred million years experience living in

1013
01:04:06,240 --> 01:04:09,760
Speaker 1: a society much longer than humans, can teach us about

1014
01:04:09,800 --> 01:04:12,440
Speaker 1: how to cope with societal issues such as preventing the

1015
01:04:12,480 --> 01:04:15,560
Speaker 1: spread of disease. In fact, there's a whole body of

1016
01:04:15,560 --> 01:04:18,160
Speaker 1: research devoted to using ants as a model for helping

1017
01:04:18,200 --> 01:04:21,760
Speaker 1: improve human society, such as seeing how leave cutter ants

1018
01:04:21,800 --> 01:04:25,200
Speaker 1: deal with waste management, how they manage teamwork, how ants

1019
01:04:25,240 --> 01:04:28,560
Speaker 1: manage crops. That's right, fungus growing ants maintain crops of

1020
01:04:28,600 --> 01:04:32,440
Speaker 1: fungus or comparing human financial market patterns to how ants

1021
01:04:32,480 --> 01:04:36,200
Speaker 1: decide between food sources. We can even study human pedestrian

1022
01:04:36,320 --> 01:04:39,760
Speaker 1: crowd movement dynamics by comparing it to ant crowd movement.

1023
01:04:40,320 --> 01:04:43,480
Speaker 1: So even though humans are great deal more intelligent than

1024
01:04:43,640 --> 01:04:46,880
Speaker 1: individual ants, as a crowd, we really aren't that different.

1025
01:04:47,320 --> 01:04:49,320
Speaker 1: Maybe that explains that weird thing that happens to me

1026
01:04:49,360 --> 01:04:51,960
Speaker 1: at picnics where people start crawling all over my sandwich.

1027
01:04:52,400 --> 01:04:54,480
Speaker 1: When we come back, we'll be talking about how different

1028
01:04:54,520 --> 01:04:57,880
Speaker 1: species can work together and whether robots, animals, and humans

1029
01:04:57,880 --> 01:05:06,480
Speaker 1: can just get along. Dogs are a man's best friend,

1030
01:05:06,640 --> 01:05:09,440
Speaker 1: but in the future will it be robot who is

1031
01:05:09,520 --> 01:05:14,600
Speaker 1: man's best friend? Huh really makes you think, doesn't it. Well, Okay,

1032
01:05:14,600 --> 01:05:17,480
Speaker 1: no amount of AI can ever replace the dog shaped

1033
01:05:17,520 --> 01:05:20,400
Speaker 1: crevice in my heart, but heck, let's give it a shot.

1034
01:05:20,840 --> 01:05:23,680
Speaker 1: Human and animal teamwork is being used to shape models

1035
01:05:23,720 --> 01:05:26,600
Speaker 1: for human and robot teamwork. That's right. If we do

1036
01:05:26,680 --> 01:05:29,680
Speaker 1: this machine learning correctly, maybe we'll have an AI that's

1037
01:05:29,720 --> 01:05:32,320
Speaker 1: not evil but wants belly rubs and choose on its

1038
01:05:32,320 --> 01:05:35,400
Speaker 1: own back door. A paper published in the Journal of

1039
01:05:35,520 --> 01:05:39,840
Speaker 1: Human Robot Interaction argued for using domesticated animals as a

1040
01:05:39,880 --> 01:05:43,439
Speaker 1: model to predict human and robot interaction. They even drew

1041
01:05:43,440 --> 01:05:48,080
Speaker 1: comparisons between helper animals and currently existing robots. They compared

1042
01:05:48,080 --> 01:05:51,439
Speaker 1: a mule to one of those Boston Dynamics big dog robots,

1043
01:05:51,440 --> 01:05:54,800
Speaker 1: an elephant to an industrial car robot, a service dog

1044
01:05:54,840 --> 01:05:58,600
Speaker 1: to a robotic arm that can assist wheelchair users. And

1045
01:05:58,720 --> 01:06:01,880
Speaker 1: if this sounds like a cold, an uncuddly future, don't worry.

1046
01:06:01,920 --> 01:06:04,720
Speaker 1: They've got you covered. Our emotional needs can be met

1047
01:06:04,720 --> 01:06:08,800
Speaker 1: by for acute seal androids and friendly humanoid robots. The

1048
01:06:08,840 --> 01:06:11,520
Speaker 1: authors of the paper don't argue that will ever completely

1049
01:06:11,560 --> 01:06:15,000
Speaker 1: replace animals with robots, but that robots are well not

1050
01:06:15,120 --> 01:06:17,680
Speaker 1: really that smart yet and certainly not at the level

1051
01:06:17,680 --> 01:06:20,720
Speaker 1: of AI where we can consider them as human replacements.

1052
01:06:21,000 --> 01:06:23,240
Speaker 1: So we'll need to learn to communicate with the AI

1053
01:06:23,320 --> 01:06:26,600
Speaker 1: like we would communicate with say a dog, Sit, Stay.

1054
01:06:26,880 --> 01:06:34,720
Speaker 1: Don't destroy all humans? So what's your opinions on robots? Oh? Mine? Um,

1055
01:06:34,960 --> 01:06:39,360
Speaker 1: I I'm not one of the people where I'm like, oh,

1056
01:06:39,400 --> 01:06:41,440
Speaker 1: by the way, I like that. I just was surprised

1057
01:06:41,440 --> 01:06:44,160
Speaker 1: that you asked me. I'm the only person, Um what

1058
01:06:44,400 --> 01:06:47,360
Speaker 1: my opinion? But I'm sorry I thought you met the

1059
01:06:47,400 --> 01:06:51,000
Speaker 1: small man's behind me, who's been breathing on my neck? Um,

1060
01:06:51,360 --> 01:06:54,120
Speaker 1: I think so I'm not one of the people are like, oh,

1061
01:06:54,120 --> 01:06:56,000
Speaker 1: I think they're gonna kill us all because I think

1062
01:06:56,000 --> 01:06:58,880
Speaker 1: I'll be long dead for not those reads, for like,

1063
01:06:58,920 --> 01:07:00,919
Speaker 1: you know, being an old person and reasons by then.

1064
01:07:01,280 --> 01:07:05,240
Speaker 1: But um, I really loved having a ferbie as a kid,

1065
01:07:06,080 --> 01:07:10,720
Speaker 1: and yeah, yeah I did. Are you challenging me? I

1066
01:07:10,760 --> 01:07:14,360
Speaker 1: definitely did. I've never heard anyone describe their relationship with

1067
01:07:14,400 --> 01:07:18,000
Speaker 1: a ferbious love. It was, Um, it went both ways.

1068
01:07:18,520 --> 01:07:21,240
Speaker 1: And I loved having a little buddy that I could pet.

1069
01:07:21,720 --> 01:07:24,480
Speaker 1: And uh yeah I didn't have to clean it up.

1070
01:07:24,480 --> 01:07:26,840
Speaker 1: It ship. That was a big part of it, and

1071
01:07:27,000 --> 01:07:30,400
Speaker 1: I chose to. I didn't have to. We had it

1072
01:07:30,520 --> 01:07:33,600
Speaker 1: in Chilla that I confused for a furby. But yeah, um,

1073
01:07:33,680 --> 01:07:35,880
Speaker 1: I don't know. I really like those dogs that they

1074
01:07:36,440 --> 01:07:41,480
Speaker 1: designed for um dogs, Yeah, for like people who are older.

1075
01:07:41,520 --> 01:07:43,120
Speaker 1: You know, I'm trying to think of the right phrase.

1076
01:07:43,320 --> 01:07:46,680
Speaker 1: Uh you know older people that's surfing. Yeah, yeah, this

1077
01:07:46,840 --> 01:07:49,959
Speaker 1: is an animals so um, yeah, I think it's great.

1078
01:07:49,960 --> 01:07:51,840
Speaker 1: I think it's cute. I don't think it could replace

1079
01:07:52,680 --> 01:07:55,640
Speaker 1: a living dog or a living pet, but yeah, I

1080
01:07:55,640 --> 01:07:58,080
Speaker 1: think there's definitely great uses for them. I think what's

1081
01:07:58,080 --> 01:08:01,160
Speaker 1: interesting is I certainly have this great discomfort with the

1082
01:08:01,200 --> 01:08:05,760
Speaker 1: idea of creating a robot equivalent to a dog. But

1083
01:08:05,880 --> 01:08:08,840
Speaker 1: if you think about our evolutionary history with dogs, where

1084
01:08:09,080 --> 01:08:14,440
Speaker 1: we've basically programmed dogs to be uh, sort of a

1085
01:08:14,760 --> 01:08:18,479
Speaker 1: not an artificial intelligence, but a natural intelligence that we've

1086
01:08:19,080 --> 01:08:23,840
Speaker 1: uh perfectly shaped to be our companion animals, also aesthetically

1087
01:08:23,840 --> 01:08:27,760
Speaker 1: speaking to by beating them, making their eyeballs pop out

1088
01:08:27,760 --> 01:08:32,800
Speaker 1: of their skulls for cutenessurable um. So, yeah, I mean

1089
01:08:33,000 --> 01:08:37,519
Speaker 1: it is very interesting because their social intelligence is much

1090
01:08:37,920 --> 01:08:41,680
Speaker 1: greater than um, we've even previously imagined. They're like we

1091
01:08:41,720 --> 01:08:45,439
Speaker 1: talked about earlier, they're really clever and they excel in

1092
01:08:45,479 --> 01:08:50,200
Speaker 1: all of these social tasks um and uh. And that's

1093
01:08:50,200 --> 01:08:52,880
Speaker 1: all due to them co evolving with us over such

1094
01:08:52,880 --> 01:08:55,759
Speaker 1: a long period of time that they can understand human

1095
01:08:55,840 --> 01:08:59,320
Speaker 1: social cues. They even track like our facial movements, like

1096
01:08:59,360 --> 01:09:02,840
Speaker 1: they focus on our faces are kind of asymmetrical, and

1097
01:09:02,880 --> 01:09:05,640
Speaker 1: like one side of our face expresses more emotion, and

1098
01:09:05,640 --> 01:09:07,840
Speaker 1: they'll actually focus on that side of the face more

1099
01:09:08,479 --> 01:09:11,920
Speaker 1: um and uh. So it's it's like they're just the

1100
01:09:12,000 --> 01:09:16,880
Speaker 1: perfect companion. Uh And in fact, there's a theory that

1101
01:09:17,640 --> 01:09:22,800
Speaker 1: humans and dogs teaming up are how Neanderthals were defeated.

1102
01:09:23,720 --> 01:09:28,800
Speaker 1: That's so great. Um. So, there have been a lot

1103
01:09:28,800 --> 01:09:31,640
Speaker 1: of theories bounced around as to why modern humans went

1104
01:09:31,680 --> 01:09:36,559
Speaker 1: out against Neanderthals, which is our cousin humanoid um, whom

1105
01:09:36,600 --> 01:09:40,280
Speaker 1: we were competing with. And and sometimes sometimes blinking too,

1106
01:09:40,479 --> 01:09:44,680
Speaker 1: there's still we've still got nean, there's all DNA. But

1107
01:09:44,680 --> 01:09:48,559
Speaker 1: but extinction also means just sort of like having they're

1108
01:09:48,640 --> 01:09:50,920
Speaker 1: gone as a distinct species, even though we still have

1109
01:09:51,000 --> 01:09:55,760
Speaker 1: some of their dna um. But one theory is that

1110
01:09:56,439 --> 01:10:01,559
Speaker 1: dogs just made humans so much better that it beat

1111
01:10:01,560 --> 01:10:06,080
Speaker 1: out the Neanderthal competition. So there's this book by anthropology

1112
01:10:06,120 --> 01:10:10,840
Speaker 1: professor pat Shipman. It's called The Invaders, and the book

1113
01:10:10,920 --> 01:10:14,640
Speaker 1: she argues that dogs and humans drove Neanderthals to extinction.

1114
01:10:15,520 --> 01:10:18,120
Speaker 1: She proposes that there's evidence that the appearance of the

1115
01:10:18,160 --> 01:10:22,479
Speaker 1: first domesticated wolf dogs coincided with the downfall of Neanderthals,

1116
01:10:22,560 --> 01:10:26,360
Speaker 1: and that the human dog partnership in terms of hunting

1117
01:10:26,439 --> 01:10:28,840
Speaker 1: gave them such a huge advantage that they corned the

1118
01:10:28,880 --> 01:10:33,479
Speaker 1: market on large prey animals during a time when climate

1119
01:10:33,560 --> 01:10:36,840
Speaker 1: change made food of scarcity, so that's sort of like

1120
01:10:37,000 --> 01:10:40,720
Speaker 1: the the Ice Age era where you know you're struggling

1121
01:10:40,760 --> 01:10:44,080
Speaker 1: to both you know, get food. That the dogs presented

1122
01:10:44,120 --> 01:10:49,959
Speaker 1: such a clear, clear advantage. We could hunt larger prey animals.

1123
01:10:50,120 --> 01:10:51,719
Speaker 1: It's almost like, I don't want to take the cuteness

1124
01:10:51,760 --> 01:10:53,760
Speaker 1: out of this, because that's I mean, it's all I'm

1125
01:10:53,760 --> 01:10:55,720
Speaker 1: interested in. But like, how cute it is that you have.

1126
01:10:55,800 --> 01:11:01,360
Speaker 1: It's good defeat, but it's almost like having to a

1127
01:11:01,400 --> 01:11:05,200
Speaker 1: more advanced tool kit than Neanderthals. You know, like take

1128
01:11:05,240 --> 01:11:07,800
Speaker 1: out the fact that's an adorable dog or you know,

1129
01:11:07,960 --> 01:11:10,800
Speaker 1: a heinous wolf either both of you. It's like, oh no,

1130
01:11:10,920 --> 01:11:13,400
Speaker 1: I have a better weapon to hunt with. And if

1131
01:11:13,400 --> 01:11:16,760
Speaker 1: you think about it, I mean the dogs also now

1132
01:11:17,280 --> 01:11:23,479
Speaker 1: domesticated dogs outnumber wolf populations, so um, the you have

1133
01:11:23,640 --> 01:11:28,720
Speaker 1: these two predators to social predators, humans and wolves. Uh.

1134
01:11:28,760 --> 01:11:31,479
Speaker 1: And then they're teaming up to form like a super

1135
01:11:31,760 --> 01:11:36,479
Speaker 1: super alliance, a super alliance of evil doom um. And

1136
01:11:36,520 --> 01:11:39,760
Speaker 1: then they both ended up doing a lot better than

1137
01:11:40,280 --> 01:11:43,520
Speaker 1: they're like now in modern modern society. I mean, domesticated

1138
01:11:43,520 --> 01:11:48,519
Speaker 1: dogs aren't going anywhere. They're incredibly successful compared to um,

1139
01:11:48,560 --> 01:11:51,960
Speaker 1: a lot of the like the wolf populations, which are

1140
01:11:52,360 --> 01:11:57,080
Speaker 1: often really in danger of being pushed out of their

1141
01:11:57,120 --> 01:12:01,240
Speaker 1: habitat um. And so that that's so interesting to me

1142
01:12:01,280 --> 01:12:05,080
Speaker 1: that you have these two, these two incredibly adapt predators

1143
01:12:05,120 --> 01:12:09,360
Speaker 1: just teaming up to uh just read a bunch of

1144
01:12:09,400 --> 01:12:13,000
Speaker 1: death and destruction, and it's so cute. It's adorable. Adorable, Yeah,

1145
01:12:13,080 --> 01:12:16,719
Speaker 1: because their buddies, their buddies, they're best friends, just killing

1146
01:12:16,760 --> 01:12:19,720
Speaker 1: and murdering things and taking out those idiots with their

1147
01:12:19,800 --> 01:12:24,240
Speaker 1: weird big heads. Those Neanderthals, like they've got like a

1148
01:12:24,280 --> 01:12:26,320
Speaker 1: pet rockings like why don't you help me? Hunt me?

1149
01:12:26,320 --> 01:12:31,240
Speaker 1: Almost help me because I haven't drawn a face on

1150
01:12:31,280 --> 01:12:34,840
Speaker 1: you yet, just like with this rock, like like O

1151
01:12:35,280 --> 01:12:44,320
Speaker 1: shick them. Oh you're useless, I'm useless. They're rock. Just frowns. Yeah. Um,

1152
01:12:44,400 --> 01:12:47,160
Speaker 1: so when you think of man's best friend, we always

1153
01:12:47,240 --> 01:12:52,880
Speaker 1: think of dogs. But what are your opinions on headline headline?

1154
01:12:54,120 --> 01:12:57,280
Speaker 1: When I was a child, Um, I had a trouble

1155
01:12:57,360 --> 01:12:59,680
Speaker 1: with um. This bully would keep stealing my hat and

1156
01:13:00,320 --> 01:13:02,280
Speaker 1: as far as bully problems go, not that big of

1157
01:13:02,280 --> 01:13:04,320
Speaker 1: a deal. But I wanted my head. I liked it,

1158
01:13:04,479 --> 01:13:07,240
Speaker 1: and my mom gave me this advice that you should

1159
01:13:07,280 --> 01:13:10,240
Speaker 1: tell the bully that you have head lice, and he

1160
01:13:10,320 --> 01:13:12,880
Speaker 1: did stop stealing my hat. But then I was the

1161
01:13:12,960 --> 01:13:16,559
Speaker 1: lice kid, lice boy. Yeah, I was Lice's boy. Yeah.

1162
01:13:16,880 --> 01:13:19,880
Speaker 1: So I think I just shook that nickname I believe

1163
01:13:19,960 --> 01:13:23,240
Speaker 1: three years ago. Okay, um, but so I don't recognize

1164
01:13:23,240 --> 01:13:28,880
Speaker 1: that boy. Edit out for the love of fucking got it.

1165
01:13:29,160 --> 01:13:31,879
Speaker 1: Don't you do it? Don't you do it? My podcast

1166
01:13:32,000 --> 01:13:35,280
Speaker 1: that stays in. You are now Life's boy. Damn it?

1167
01:13:35,720 --> 01:13:39,400
Speaker 1: All right? Well as Life's boy, um, I uh, you know,

1168
01:13:39,520 --> 01:13:41,760
Speaker 1: not to shake my brand. But yeah, I like on

1169
01:13:41,920 --> 01:13:43,960
Speaker 1: planes and stuff I used to worry about. You know,

1170
01:13:44,040 --> 01:13:45,680
Speaker 1: I put on a hood or something so I can

1171
01:13:45,840 --> 01:13:48,719
Speaker 1: get lice from the headrest, which I don't believe works.

1172
01:13:49,080 --> 01:13:52,639
Speaker 1: But I think you could still get through porous fabric.

1173
01:13:52,880 --> 01:13:55,720
Speaker 1: It's not typically how it. Uh. I don't think you

1174
01:13:55,760 --> 01:13:58,200
Speaker 1: can get it from a headrest very easily. Yeah. Good,

1175
01:13:58,600 --> 01:14:01,479
Speaker 1: we don't see the planes that I tried. Its teeming

1176
01:14:01,560 --> 01:14:05,360
Speaker 1: with life. Well, take take some solace in this life, boy,

1177
01:14:06,040 --> 01:14:12,800
Speaker 1: Um that's ever been Take solace in this life? Boy? Uh?

1178
01:14:12,920 --> 01:14:17,479
Speaker 1: So headlights may have originally been a boon for humans. Uh,

1179
01:14:17,560 --> 01:14:21,040
Speaker 1: they may have been a mutualistic symbiote rather than a parasite.

1180
01:14:21,680 --> 01:14:25,240
Speaker 1: Um So. An article published in the journal Parasitology, of

1181
01:14:25,320 --> 01:14:30,360
Speaker 1: which I am subscribed to by Rosa and all argue

1182
01:14:30,560 --> 01:14:33,840
Speaker 1: that I'm sorry I said, and all it's actually at

1183
01:14:33,880 --> 01:14:39,840
Speaker 1: all that's totally fine. Uh so. Uh. They argue that

1184
01:14:40,000 --> 01:14:43,479
Speaker 1: since lice is transmitted mostly through head touching, which is

1185
01:14:43,520 --> 01:14:46,800
Speaker 1: a symbol of affection amongst humans, there may be a

1186
01:14:46,880 --> 01:14:51,679
Speaker 1: benefit to getting lice. Um So. They argue that getting

1187
01:14:51,760 --> 01:14:55,080
Speaker 1: lice at an early age prompts an immune response effective

1188
01:14:55,080 --> 01:14:58,600
Speaker 1: against both headlights and body lice, and while headlights is

1189
01:14:58,680 --> 01:15:01,320
Speaker 1: kind of a nuisance, body I really presents the more

1190
01:15:01,560 --> 01:15:06,879
Speaker 1: dangerous uh. Symptoms, so body allows born. Lethal diseases include

1191
01:15:06,920 --> 01:15:11,799
Speaker 1: epidemic typhus, trench fever, relapsing fever, and you know classic plagues.

1192
01:15:12,479 --> 01:15:15,080
Speaker 1: Um So. The problem with relapsing fever it just keeps coming.

1193
01:15:16,320 --> 01:15:18,160
Speaker 1: You think it's over, and it's just I'm not I'm

1194
01:15:18,200 --> 01:15:21,840
Speaker 1: not as into classical play. I'm more into like progressive plague. Right,

1195
01:15:21,880 --> 01:15:23,680
Speaker 1: that's what people say about you. It's good to hear

1196
01:15:23,680 --> 01:15:27,320
Speaker 1: it from your mouth though. Um here's a quote from

1197
01:15:27,360 --> 01:15:32,200
Speaker 1: the paper. Thus, the human touching heads behavior probably acts

1198
01:15:32,240 --> 01:15:36,640
Speaker 1: as an inherent and unconscious vaccination against body lice to

1199
01:15:36,800 --> 01:15:39,879
Speaker 1: reduce the threat exposed by the pathogens they may transmit.

1200
01:15:40,439 --> 01:15:44,519
Speaker 1: So they're proposing that we love rubbing heads, which, honestly,

1201
01:15:44,640 --> 01:15:47,840
Speaker 1: I mean, this is an interesting paper, but I don't

1202
01:15:48,000 --> 01:15:51,400
Speaker 1: rub heads with people I like, not that much. It's

1203
01:15:51,479 --> 01:15:58,759
Speaker 1: usually a violent right. Yeah, that's not that's not really

1204
01:15:59,120 --> 01:16:02,560
Speaker 1: a pickup thing I've personally tried to employ. Although you know,

1205
01:16:02,760 --> 01:16:04,400
Speaker 1: you never know, No, you don't know how. Yeah, I

1206
01:16:04,400 --> 01:16:06,920
Speaker 1: don't know how I would respond to that personally. UM.

1207
01:16:07,160 --> 01:16:10,040
Speaker 1: But yeah, so you know, I suppose it makes sense though,

1208
01:16:10,040 --> 01:16:12,920
Speaker 1: because you do you press your heads together, I guess,

1209
01:16:13,080 --> 01:16:16,600
Speaker 1: like or touch foreheads. I'm not maybe I'm just not

1210
01:16:16,720 --> 01:16:19,760
Speaker 1: a people person because I don't. You're missing out. It's

1211
01:16:19,920 --> 01:16:22,360
Speaker 1: it's it's everywhere. But I mean it is true that

1212
01:16:22,560 --> 01:16:25,639
Speaker 1: like you catch lice from your um, you can catch

1213
01:16:25,720 --> 01:16:29,040
Speaker 1: lice from friends and family because of close contact. UM.

1214
01:16:29,200 --> 01:16:33,280
Speaker 1: So the idea is that because we have evolved these

1215
01:16:33,360 --> 01:16:38,759
Speaker 1: social behaviors of like head touching, UM, that then possibly

1216
01:16:38,880 --> 01:16:42,040
Speaker 1: because lice also maybe offer this benefit of UH an

1217
01:16:42,080 --> 01:16:46,519
Speaker 1: immune response to body lice, then that this is a

1218
01:16:46,600 --> 01:16:50,880
Speaker 1: beneficial kind of self vaccinating behavior. Um, yeah, maybe, yeah,

1219
01:16:51,160 --> 01:16:54,639
Speaker 1: could be. I'll take it. That's a positive share positive

1220
01:16:54,680 --> 01:17:03,479
Speaker 1: spin on your life boy brand. Oh god, speaking of lice, boy, Um,

1221
01:17:03,840 --> 01:17:07,639
Speaker 1: how are you? How are you doing? It was better

1222
01:17:07,800 --> 01:17:12,280
Speaker 1: before that? So uh like it's we have hands in shampoo.

1223
01:17:12,600 --> 01:17:16,200
Speaker 1: But how does how does the noble cappy barra deal

1224
01:17:16,360 --> 01:17:21,080
Speaker 1: with parasites and other insects that trouble it? It's a

1225
01:17:21,160 --> 01:17:24,559
Speaker 1: great it is a cappy bear is a rodent? Correct, Yes,

1226
01:17:25,000 --> 01:17:28,200
Speaker 1: they're the largest rodent, one of the largest. I believe. Yeah,

1227
01:17:28,760 --> 01:17:33,519
Speaker 1: actually I believe I met a cappy bearers. Um, there's

1228
01:17:33,560 --> 01:17:37,599
Speaker 1: this great animal preserve north of l A called Animal Tracks,

1229
01:17:38,120 --> 01:17:39,960
Speaker 1: and if you haven't been, I think you would maybe

1230
01:17:40,120 --> 01:17:43,120
Speaker 1: love it. But yeah, I believe they had like like

1231
01:17:43,200 --> 01:17:46,000
Speaker 1: a cappy bearer there. Wait, so this is this isn't

1232
01:17:46,080 --> 01:17:48,479
Speaker 1: the l A z or the San Diego Zoo, No neither.

1233
01:17:48,600 --> 01:17:52,000
Speaker 1: It's a an like an independent animal preserve where basically

1234
01:17:52,400 --> 01:17:56,040
Speaker 1: it's all like assholes who try to have I almost

1235
01:17:56,040 --> 01:17:59,599
Speaker 1: said erotic pets and in the eye of the beholder

1236
01:18:00,439 --> 01:18:04,360
Speaker 1: exotic pets. Uh, they figure out that they can't have them.

1237
01:18:04,439 --> 01:18:07,519
Speaker 1: So this product pets is a different website. Exotic pet

1238
01:18:07,880 --> 01:18:11,960
Speaker 1: erotic pets is something completely there is probably a movie,

1239
01:18:12,320 --> 01:18:16,160
Speaker 1: Yeah exactly, we'll come we'll come to bout back to

1240
01:18:16,200 --> 01:18:19,880
Speaker 1: the cats movie at the end here. But but yeah,

1241
01:18:19,880 --> 01:18:21,920
Speaker 1: you're right, they are the I think they are actually

1242
01:18:21,960 --> 01:18:26,640
Speaker 1: the largest rodent um. They're related to guinea pigs and

1243
01:18:27,160 --> 01:18:30,360
Speaker 1: uh so they're found in South America and they team

1244
01:18:30,479 --> 01:18:34,400
Speaker 1: up with a small cute bird called the cattle tyrant um.

1245
01:18:35,040 --> 01:18:37,400
Speaker 1: So I'm showing you a picture of a cattle tyrant

1246
01:18:37,479 --> 01:18:44,120
Speaker 1: writing majestically on top of a cappy bara's head. Um.

1247
01:18:44,600 --> 01:18:46,920
Speaker 1: It's it's such a cute. It just like looks like

1248
01:18:47,520 --> 01:18:50,040
Speaker 1: sort of like Denarius on a dragon, except it's a

1249
01:18:50,080 --> 01:18:53,840
Speaker 1: bird on a capybara. Yeah, but other than that, exact

1250
01:18:54,040 --> 01:18:57,519
Speaker 1: exactly the same. So they have a unique friendship where

1251
01:18:57,680 --> 01:19:01,679
Speaker 1: the cappy barra just by be barn around, oh well

1252
01:19:02,760 --> 01:19:04,920
Speaker 1: as they well will rustle up insects in the grass,

1253
01:19:05,560 --> 01:19:09,880
Speaker 1: which the cattle tyrant bird will swoop in on and eat. Um.

1254
01:19:11,040 --> 01:19:14,040
Speaker 1: So this is a relatively small bird and it's and

1255
01:19:14,160 --> 01:19:16,760
Speaker 1: it's pretty cute. So it's like it's gonna be harder

1256
01:19:16,800 --> 01:19:18,640
Speaker 1: for the bird to just kind of like get a

1257
01:19:18,720 --> 01:19:21,240
Speaker 1: bunch of in like its presence is not enough to

1258
01:19:21,920 --> 01:19:27,559
Speaker 1: scare a bunch of insects being a tyrant, right, But yeah,

1259
01:19:27,640 --> 01:19:31,000
Speaker 1: it's a it's a small it's a small and ineffectual tyrant,

1260
01:19:31,640 --> 01:19:34,960
Speaker 1: as they often are. But on the inside they all

1261
01:19:35,000 --> 01:19:38,519
Speaker 1: are right. I got a real Napoleon complex these guys. Um.

1262
01:19:38,800 --> 01:19:42,120
Speaker 1: So basically just like rides these cabybaras to victory, which

1263
01:19:42,200 --> 01:19:45,799
Speaker 1: is pretty cute, um, and then the capybaras in return

1264
01:19:46,040 --> 01:19:49,599
Speaker 1: get uh some protection from past. So the cattle tyrant

1265
01:19:49,640 --> 01:19:52,599
Speaker 1: bird will chase and eat horseflies that try to land

1266
01:19:52,640 --> 01:19:55,200
Speaker 1: on the capybara. So it's like having your own personal

1267
01:19:55,479 --> 01:19:59,000
Speaker 1: bodyguard who just likes to eat the things that it's

1268
01:19:59,040 --> 01:20:05,000
Speaker 1: guarding you from. So we like to visit a magical

1269
01:20:05,080 --> 01:20:08,880
Speaker 1: place called Imagination Station on this podcast. And so for

1270
01:20:09,040 --> 01:20:11,839
Speaker 1: this last example of teamwork, I want you to imagine

1271
01:20:11,880 --> 01:20:14,760
Speaker 1: you're walking deep in the rainforest where there's no sign

1272
01:20:14,840 --> 01:20:18,719
Speaker 1: of civilization, where if you, if any men trend subtly

1273
01:20:18,880 --> 01:20:21,439
Speaker 1: you come across the clearing, a grove of small trees

1274
01:20:21,880 --> 01:20:24,720
Speaker 1: perfectly tended to, with not a single weed in sight.

1275
01:20:25,439 --> 01:20:27,519
Speaker 1: And as you pass through this clearing, you feel a

1276
01:20:27,640 --> 01:20:32,400
Speaker 1: thousand hostile eyes upon you. Do you sense the presence

1277
01:20:32,439 --> 01:20:35,040
Speaker 1: of demons. Do you think this is the work of

1278
01:20:35,120 --> 01:20:40,360
Speaker 1: the devil, Well, you have just entered a devil's garden. Uh.

1279
01:20:40,560 --> 01:20:44,080
Speaker 1: And so devil's gardens are a very real thing there

1280
01:20:44,200 --> 01:20:49,959
Speaker 1: in the Amazon rainforests. Uh. And they are entirely curated

1281
01:20:50,040 --> 01:20:52,639
Speaker 1: to be made up of a single plant, a tree

1282
01:20:52,800 --> 01:20:58,200
Speaker 1: called du Roya hersuta um. So local legend has it

1283
01:20:58,320 --> 01:21:02,439
Speaker 1: that these are tended to buy evil spirits. Um. And

1284
01:21:03,040 --> 01:21:06,400
Speaker 1: it's it's very mysterious because you know these are there,

1285
01:21:06,680 --> 01:21:10,680
Speaker 1: they look like sort of well tended to groves. But no,

1286
01:21:11,120 --> 01:21:13,840
Speaker 1: no one's taking responsible for it. Yeah. No one's like

1287
01:21:14,000 --> 01:21:15,680
Speaker 1: going like, oh, yeah, that's me. I like to go

1288
01:21:15,760 --> 01:21:20,400
Speaker 1: out and plant a bunch of trees. Well, when they

1289
01:21:20,439 --> 01:21:24,960
Speaker 1: say it's evil spirits, they're close. It's ants, so lemon

1290
01:21:25,040 --> 01:21:29,799
Speaker 1: ants to be specific. Uh. These ants are they'll actually

1291
01:21:29,880 --> 01:21:35,240
Speaker 1: produce their own herbicide, which is a formic acid um,

1292
01:21:35,840 --> 01:21:38,720
Speaker 1: and they use that to poison all other plants in

1293
01:21:38,800 --> 01:21:42,920
Speaker 1: the area, including weeds and sampling saplings of other trees.

1294
01:21:43,400 --> 01:21:46,759
Speaker 1: So they'll actually inject the acid into these other plants

1295
01:21:46,840 --> 01:21:50,200
Speaker 1: and it kills them off within twenty four hours. Um.

1296
01:21:50,439 --> 01:21:53,800
Speaker 1: So this is so that their host species of tree

1297
01:21:53,920 --> 01:21:58,439
Speaker 1: will survive. So the de Roya Hersuta offers them shelter

1298
01:21:58,560 --> 01:22:00,519
Speaker 1: in a sabled place for the call need to live,

1299
01:22:00,680 --> 01:22:04,960
Speaker 1: and in return, the ants become the gardeners to these

1300
01:22:05,280 --> 01:22:09,519
Speaker 1: devil's gardens. Interesting, they're the devils. Yes, I love how

1301
01:22:10,920 --> 01:22:14,599
Speaker 1: like people's response to this is like well tended to trees.

1302
01:22:14,840 --> 01:22:17,720
Speaker 1: This is the work of a devil, yea, the work

1303
01:22:17,760 --> 01:22:19,800
Speaker 1: of a saint who's doing this? This is great? They

1304
01:22:19,840 --> 01:22:24,960
Speaker 1: need to be hired. Um so too in the show. Um,

1305
01:22:25,880 --> 01:22:30,600
Speaker 1: I want to talk about the hats trailer. Just I

1306
01:22:30,680 --> 01:22:35,280
Speaker 1: don't I don't have anything because, like I sometimes I

1307
01:22:35,360 --> 01:22:39,160
Speaker 1: like to debunk movies and stuff like linking. I don't

1308
01:22:39,200 --> 01:22:45,040
Speaker 1: know how you debunk humans prancing around is tiny humans

1309
01:22:45,640 --> 01:22:50,720
Speaker 1: prancing around as cats like boobs, Like someone there are

1310
01:22:50,920 --> 01:22:54,240
Speaker 1: noticeable boots, Like the boobs are maybe the most disconcerting, right,

1311
01:22:54,360 --> 01:22:58,400
Speaker 1: And someone pointed out on Twitter, like the boobs like

1312
01:22:58,520 --> 01:23:02,719
Speaker 1: don't have nipples, so know their purposeless there's no needs,

1313
01:23:03,680 --> 01:23:06,240
Speaker 1: which yeah, I can't believe I'm even saying this, but

1314
01:23:06,400 --> 01:23:09,320
Speaker 1: like there's the boobs serve no purpose, like in terms

1315
01:23:09,400 --> 01:23:12,920
Speaker 1: of like there's no need to gender these cats or

1316
01:23:13,360 --> 01:23:16,280
Speaker 1: you know, like just that show up. Well, they clearly

1317
01:23:16,320 --> 01:23:18,920
Speaker 1: don't have genitals because like if the male, because the

1318
01:23:19,000 --> 01:23:23,040
Speaker 1: mail cats are completely naked with their crotches like flinging around,

1319
01:23:23,080 --> 01:23:25,080
Speaker 1: and if we could see their actual crotches, when you

1320
01:23:25,080 --> 01:23:29,479
Speaker 1: would see is a spiky cat penis. Yeah, so you

1321
01:23:29,600 --> 01:23:32,880
Speaker 1: know what's up with that? Thank you? Right? Like with

1322
01:23:33,000 --> 01:23:35,439
Speaker 1: all those with all those hip gyrations, you think that's

1323
01:23:35,479 --> 01:23:38,000
Speaker 1: not going to jostle loose the spiky cat pena. The

1324
01:23:38,120 --> 01:23:41,559
Speaker 1: fur will move a jar and there will be a view, right,

1325
01:23:41,640 --> 01:23:43,920
Speaker 1: Like I know that cats do have penis sheets, but

1326
01:23:44,080 --> 01:23:47,479
Speaker 1: that's like enough of those, Like you know, grangette is

1327
01:23:47,560 --> 01:23:49,760
Speaker 1: that they're doing that pen's gonna flop out. His name

1328
01:23:49,840 --> 01:23:52,200
Speaker 1: is the rum tum tugger, for christ sakes, it's gonna

1329
01:23:52,720 --> 01:23:57,880
Speaker 1: come out. Oh god, yeah, it's it's uh yeah, I

1330
01:23:57,960 --> 01:24:00,720
Speaker 1: mean you know, why are they so why are they

1331
01:24:00,800 --> 01:24:03,479
Speaker 1: so small and human? Why did you have to do

1332
01:24:03,680 --> 01:24:07,040
Speaker 1: that to us? Why did you do that to us?

1333
01:24:07,240 --> 01:24:10,240
Speaker 1: I have a theory, Yes, I think who's the guy

1334
01:24:10,439 --> 01:24:13,519
Speaker 1: who's the guy who's directing this? Just I don't know,

1335
01:24:13,920 --> 01:24:17,920
Speaker 1: some sick fun I mean, it's it's you know Andrew

1336
01:24:18,000 --> 01:24:20,880
Speaker 1: Lloyd Webber's Oh it's it's directed by Tom Hooper. I

1337
01:24:21,000 --> 01:24:25,600
Speaker 1: think they've been infected with T. Gandhia um. So what

1338
01:24:25,840 --> 01:24:31,280
Speaker 1: is that? Toxoplasma gandhia or ganda is a unicellular parasite

1339
01:24:31,400 --> 01:24:35,400
Speaker 1: that infects rats uh and makes them unafraid of cats,

1340
01:24:35,800 --> 01:24:39,000
Speaker 1: screws up with their brain chemistry, causes lesions in the

1341
01:24:39,080 --> 01:24:42,200
Speaker 1: brain that makes them instead of being scared of cats,

1342
01:24:42,280 --> 01:24:44,800
Speaker 1: it confuses them and makes them fall in love with

1343
01:24:44,920 --> 01:24:49,840
Speaker 1: cats and have sometimes sexual attraction to cats. Insane. Yeah,

1344
01:24:49,880 --> 01:24:52,800
Speaker 1: and they'll actually be sexually attracted to cat yourn. So

1345
01:24:52,840 --> 01:24:54,800
Speaker 1: we've talked about this on the show before. It's a

1346
01:24:55,040 --> 01:24:58,000
Speaker 1: it's a favorite of the show. But I think Tom

1347
01:24:58,040 --> 01:25:01,920
Speaker 1: Hooper handled because he can actually be infected with the toxico.

1348
01:25:03,080 --> 01:25:06,000
Speaker 1: You typically have nothing to worry about unless you're pregnant

1349
01:25:06,680 --> 01:25:09,840
Speaker 1: or you are a movie producer. Apparently, because I think

1350
01:25:10,080 --> 01:25:12,960
Speaker 1: Tom Hooper um. Going on the record, I'm saying he's

1351
01:25:13,040 --> 01:25:16,240
Speaker 1: got toxoplasmosis and he has some kind of unhealthy attraction

1352
01:25:16,280 --> 01:25:19,760
Speaker 1: to cats. It's the only explanation. How else could this

1353
01:25:19,840 --> 01:25:21,599
Speaker 1: have been made? How else do you have a bunch

1354
01:25:21,680 --> 01:25:24,840
Speaker 1: of human like undulating cats. It would be worse if

1355
01:25:24,880 --> 01:25:27,240
Speaker 1: he didn't want to funk the cats would be like,

1356
01:25:27,320 --> 01:25:30,280
Speaker 1: then what is this choice? Because at least that's an explanation,

1357
01:25:30,479 --> 01:25:36,920
Speaker 1: right right? Why are they so tiny? Like can Like

1358
01:25:37,400 --> 01:25:39,000
Speaker 1: I was talking about this on Twitter too, But just

1359
01:25:39,080 --> 01:25:42,280
Speaker 1: imagine one of these cats, like like if all the

1360
01:25:42,360 --> 01:25:45,400
Speaker 1: house cats were suddenly replaced with cats movie cats, and

1361
01:25:45,520 --> 01:25:48,200
Speaker 1: just one of them just kind of starts like jount

1362
01:25:48,200 --> 01:25:52,120
Speaker 1: Tilly walking strolling across like very tiny but only comes

1363
01:25:52,200 --> 01:25:55,240
Speaker 1: up to your your shins and just like strolling around jumping,

1364
01:25:55,400 --> 01:26:01,040
Speaker 1: cutting capers and going like now, starts flicking it, starts

1365
01:26:01,080 --> 01:26:05,000
Speaker 1: looking at anus, just doing regular cat behaviors, but it's

1366
01:26:05,080 --> 01:26:12,000
Speaker 1: very little, horrible tiny cat humans. Yeah, no, thanks, I

1367
01:26:12,080 --> 01:26:15,439
Speaker 1: don't I don't know, I don't know, I don't I

1368
01:26:15,520 --> 01:26:18,160
Speaker 1: don't get it. Yeah, well, luckily that'll be the last

1369
01:26:18,200 --> 01:26:29,040
Speaker 1: movie human. Well, thank you so much for joining me

1370
01:26:29,160 --> 01:26:32,840
Speaker 1: today on this wonderful venture through nature. Uh is there

1371
01:26:32,840 --> 01:26:36,880
Speaker 1: anything you want to plug? Just say oh no, no,

1372
01:26:36,960 --> 01:26:39,960
Speaker 1: no no no, that director has that covered. Um. Just

1373
01:26:40,120 --> 01:26:44,280
Speaker 1: at Blake Wexler on everything, um and then yeah, I

1374
01:26:44,439 --> 01:26:47,240
Speaker 1: love this podcast. It's funny. It's weird to discover a

1375
01:26:47,320 --> 01:26:51,040
Speaker 1: podcast that you like by being on it yourself. That's

1376
01:26:51,040 --> 01:26:53,320
Speaker 1: how I get all of my list. Okay, good, good, well,

1377
01:26:53,360 --> 01:26:56,840
Speaker 1: I'm glad to join them. Um. Yeah. You can find

1378
01:26:57,800 --> 01:27:02,760
Speaker 1: us on Creature feature Pod dot com, at Instagram at

1379
01:27:02,800 --> 01:27:06,840
Speaker 1: Creature feature Pod, on Twitter at Creature feat Pod. It's

1380
01:27:06,880 --> 01:27:09,360
Speaker 1: not fat as an f e e T, It's f

1381
01:27:09,560 --> 01:27:13,120
Speaker 1: e a T. Feat Pod is a different podcast. Um.

1382
01:27:14,320 --> 01:27:16,880
Speaker 1: And you can find me at Katie Golden and at

1383
01:27:16,920 --> 01:27:20,080
Speaker 1: pro bird Writes, where I am a bird. Sometimes it's

1384
01:27:20,160 --> 01:27:23,960
Speaker 1: just my choice. Uh, thank you so much for listening.

1385
01:27:24,120 --> 01:27:26,240
Speaker 1: If you're enjoying the podcast and you want to help

1386
01:27:26,280 --> 01:27:29,880
Speaker 1: me out, gently press that subscribe button, maybe leave a

1387
01:27:30,040 --> 01:27:32,320
Speaker 1: rating or review if you'd like, or just whispered to

1388
01:27:32,400 --> 01:27:34,640
Speaker 1: the trees that you are one with nature and that

1389
01:27:34,760 --> 01:27:37,280
Speaker 1: maybe they should check out my cool fund podcast. See

1390
01:27:37,320 --> 01:27:40,760
Speaker 1: you next Wednesday. And thanks to the Space Classics for

1391
01:27:40,840 --> 01:27:42,879
Speaker 1: their awesome song Exo Lumina