1 00:00:01,480 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of I 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,760 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey you, welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. 3 00:00:13,840 --> 00:00:17,840 Speaker 1: There's Charles w Chuke Bryant's willing away in some champagne. 4 00:00:18,560 --> 00:00:21,200 Speaker 1: You're sorry, sparkling my shando and so it's from NAPA. 5 00:00:21,960 --> 00:00:25,360 Speaker 1: And there's Jerry over there, Jerry Scudder champagne too. We're 6 00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:27,360 Speaker 1: all just hanging out. We're gonna talk to you guys 7 00:00:27,360 --> 00:00:30,320 Speaker 1: while we wait for the shrimp cocktail with aw literally 8 00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:34,080 Speaker 1: and that makes this stuff you should know. That's right. Uh, 9 00:00:34,080 --> 00:00:36,080 Speaker 1: we're back in the same room everybody for the first 10 00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 1: time in about fourteen months. And Jerry brought in champagne 11 00:00:39,800 --> 00:00:43,360 Speaker 1: and frozen shrimp cocktail. There's a story behind that. Go 12 00:00:43,360 --> 00:00:45,040 Speaker 1: ahead and say it. You go ahead and say, I 13 00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:48,839 Speaker 1: don't remember you were the shrimp you first started it, 14 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:53,080 Speaker 1: Like I feel like twelve years ago we we we 15 00:00:53,080 --> 00:00:57,000 Speaker 1: were tracking to hit number one on iTunes in like 16 00:00:57,040 --> 00:00:59,360 Speaker 1: two thousand and eight, I think at the beginning of 17 00:00:59,360 --> 00:01:05,679 Speaker 1: two thousand no nine maybe whatever, and um, I was like, 18 00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:08,920 Speaker 1: I want a shrimp cocktail in the in the recording 19 00:01:08,959 --> 00:01:11,880 Speaker 1: studio when we hit number one. We hit number one, 20 00:01:12,080 --> 00:01:15,840 Speaker 1: came and went stayed number one, hit number one again. 21 00:01:16,160 --> 00:01:19,560 Speaker 1: No shrimp cocktail. This is the shrimp cocktail from two 22 00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:23,120 Speaker 1: thousand nine. Yeah, finally has made an appearance, and it's frozen. 23 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:26,480 Speaker 1: It might literally be from two thousand It might be. 24 00:01:26,760 --> 00:01:29,760 Speaker 1: It's turning. The veins are turning kind of purple as 25 00:01:29,760 --> 00:01:33,800 Speaker 1: it thaws. I can't wait to eat the shrimp cocktail. Yeah, 26 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:36,639 Speaker 1: we're having shampagne. Jerry classed it up basically, I feel 27 00:01:36,800 --> 00:01:39,440 Speaker 1: I feel it was a nice homecoming she did. But 28 00:01:39,480 --> 00:01:41,280 Speaker 1: the three of us are fully backs. Were in a 29 00:01:41,360 --> 00:01:46,080 Speaker 1: room together. The microphones don't have fake years attached to them. Yeah, 30 00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:48,040 Speaker 1: I mean that joke won't make sense to you now, 31 00:01:48,120 --> 00:01:51,800 Speaker 1: But we recorded another episode before this one, but it 32 00:01:51,840 --> 00:01:54,680 Speaker 1: was getting released later, so this technically our second episode. 33 00:01:54,920 --> 00:01:56,760 Speaker 1: It just put that in your button and smoke it 34 00:01:56,800 --> 00:02:01,000 Speaker 1: in your hat. What do you talk about? Have a 35 00:02:01,040 --> 00:02:03,080 Speaker 1: weird urged a curse? I don't know why. I think 36 00:02:03,080 --> 00:02:06,920 Speaker 1: you just did so, Jerry Beppe bp P p peep. 37 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:10,160 Speaker 1: But it's it's great to be back together in a 38 00:02:10,160 --> 00:02:12,519 Speaker 1: little weird um, but not as weird as I thought 39 00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:14,639 Speaker 1: it would be. That first one was weird because we're 40 00:02:14,639 --> 00:02:16,959 Speaker 1: in a different room. Yeah, we got all the weirdness 41 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:20,079 Speaker 1: out in a weird situation, it would have been weird regardless. 42 00:02:20,160 --> 00:02:22,600 Speaker 1: But now we're back in in Studio one A. That 43 00:02:22,720 --> 00:02:24,480 Speaker 1: was a really good move. Jerry, did you plan it 44 00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:28,640 Speaker 1: like that to get the jitters out? Jerry thumbs up. 45 00:02:29,080 --> 00:02:32,520 Speaker 1: Jerry's real. Everybody she chooses not to talk. Jerry's let 46 00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:34,679 Speaker 1: her hair grow out. I know she got a ponytail, 47 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:36,960 Speaker 1: but the first time I've ever seen it's got an 48 00:02:36,960 --> 00:02:41,919 Speaker 1: even more peppery, no salty in a salt and pepper way. 49 00:02:42,040 --> 00:02:45,200 Speaker 1: It doesn't get more peppery unless you make a you know, 50 00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:47,320 Speaker 1: a move to make it so. And she looks like 51 00:02:47,360 --> 00:02:53,280 Speaker 1: a wealthy retiree who drives a Maseratti and knows their 52 00:02:53,320 --> 00:02:57,200 Speaker 1: way around the club. You know what I mean, That's 53 00:02:57,200 --> 00:03:02,040 Speaker 1: what Jerry looks like. She looks distinguished but also foxy. Yeah. 54 00:03:02,200 --> 00:03:06,720 Speaker 1: So I spent my last January of losing twenty five 55 00:03:06,760 --> 00:03:11,519 Speaker 1: pounds and then COVID hit and now I have gained backunds. 56 00:03:11,760 --> 00:03:15,040 Speaker 1: I'm exactly where I was. Is that right? Exactly to 57 00:03:15,120 --> 00:03:18,160 Speaker 1: the pound? And it makes me really angry. Oh no, 58 00:03:18,360 --> 00:03:20,520 Speaker 1: just go with you. Oh I know, but I just, 59 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:22,280 Speaker 1: you know, let me get back together. I was like, man, 60 00:03:22,280 --> 00:03:24,720 Speaker 1: I'm doing so good. I'm so good pandemic And I 61 00:03:24,760 --> 00:03:26,760 Speaker 1: was like, well, now I can eat and drink all 62 00:03:26,800 --> 00:03:30,200 Speaker 1: I want because it's sad. So you lost the weight 63 00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:32,640 Speaker 1: before the pandemic hit, Yeah, I hit it hard in 64 00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:40,640 Speaker 1: January to junior March January one probably, yeah, okay, And 65 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:43,000 Speaker 1: like I was working with a trainer, like you know, 66 00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:44,920 Speaker 1: so I was having to go to her every like 67 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:47,080 Speaker 1: three days a week, and just you know, I was 68 00:03:47,120 --> 00:03:50,360 Speaker 1: making the right decisions and tracking and and the weight disappears. 69 00:03:50,480 --> 00:03:53,600 Speaker 1: And then COVID hit and I just started making all 70 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:57,040 Speaker 1: the wrong decisions and let myself do that. Yeah, that 71 00:03:57,080 --> 00:04:00,400 Speaker 1: happened to all of us, myself included. I went through 72 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:02,160 Speaker 1: what you went through where I lost a bunch of 73 00:04:02,160 --> 00:04:04,880 Speaker 1: weight and I managed to keep it off. And then 74 00:04:05,440 --> 00:04:07,960 Speaker 1: COVID hit and I was still doing okay, doing okay, 75 00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:09,960 Speaker 1: maybe eating a little more than usual, like I'm not 76 00:04:09,960 --> 00:04:12,720 Speaker 1: gonna let it happen though, and I was. I wasn't. 77 00:04:12,760 --> 00:04:15,040 Speaker 1: And then our book hit, and that's what got me. 78 00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:18,560 Speaker 1: When we were writing it and working on a two 79 00:04:18,600 --> 00:04:23,120 Speaker 1: hours a day every day, I was eating so much weight. 80 00:04:23,279 --> 00:04:25,839 Speaker 1: I gained book weight, and I actually I have not 81 00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:28,800 Speaker 1: been this big since I don't know when. Man, but 82 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:31,440 Speaker 1: I still got it. So I'm I'm doing what I can. 83 00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:35,120 Speaker 1: You look the same? I do? Well? Then I what 84 00:04:35,279 --> 00:04:37,920 Speaker 1: I started two weeks ago was kicked in. I guess 85 00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:41,040 Speaker 1: if I look the same, well, you look great. Great, 86 00:04:41,320 --> 00:04:44,359 Speaker 1: everyone looks and feels great. Yeah, let's talk about the appendix, 87 00:04:44,400 --> 00:04:47,760 Speaker 1: the Rodney Dangerfield of organs. This is one of my 88 00:04:47,920 --> 00:04:53,520 Speaker 1: favorite articles that we've done in a while. Yeah, and 89 00:04:53,560 --> 00:04:56,479 Speaker 1: you know how I often complain about science. This is 90 00:04:56,480 --> 00:05:02,279 Speaker 1: a kind of science I love. Yeah. Understandable, Yeah, body science, understandable. 91 00:05:02,480 --> 00:05:07,880 Speaker 1: Super cool. This factors into our hygiene hypothesis episode, our 92 00:05:07,960 --> 00:05:12,040 Speaker 1: human microbiome episode, digestive system episode. Yeah, it all sort 93 00:05:12,040 --> 00:05:17,920 Speaker 1: of fits together. In that little worm like organ, it's 94 00:05:17,920 --> 00:05:21,200 Speaker 1: an organ, right, yeah, it's an organ. Yeah. A lot 95 00:05:21,240 --> 00:05:24,800 Speaker 1: of people thought it was a vestigial organ. They're wrong, right, 96 00:05:24,839 --> 00:05:30,200 Speaker 1: But that weird little thing, uh, hanging out there, just 97 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:34,120 Speaker 1: going just wiggling around like a little worm is really 98 00:05:34,200 --> 00:05:36,040 Speaker 1: kind of cool and fascinating. And I love that it 99 00:05:36,040 --> 00:05:40,520 Speaker 1: has a great story behind its lack of usefulness and 100 00:05:40,520 --> 00:05:43,800 Speaker 1: then turns out usefulness. And it's just agreed, this is 101 00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:46,840 Speaker 1: really good stuff. It's smashed bang stuff. You should know. 102 00:05:47,279 --> 00:05:50,840 Speaker 1: That's right. Let's talk about it. So um, like you said, 103 00:05:50,839 --> 00:05:54,159 Speaker 1: the appendix is like this little worm like thing that 104 00:05:54,279 --> 00:05:59,360 Speaker 1: dangles off the bottom of the ascending coal and large intestine. 105 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:03,719 Speaker 1: Coal in large intestine and large bowl are the one 106 00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:05,480 Speaker 1: and the same. So when you hear people say bowl, 107 00:06:05,600 --> 00:06:08,880 Speaker 1: they're typically talking about that colon large intestine. It's all 108 00:06:08,920 --> 00:06:11,400 Speaker 1: the same thing, which I found confusing until I looked 109 00:06:11,440 --> 00:06:15,000 Speaker 1: it up and found okay, it's all that um two 110 00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:17,880 Speaker 1: to four inches long the appendix right generally, although the 111 00:06:17,880 --> 00:06:20,160 Speaker 1: biggest one was pulled out of a seventy two year 112 00:06:20,160 --> 00:06:25,600 Speaker 1: old Croatian man named Sofranco August during his autopsy, and 113 00:06:25,760 --> 00:06:29,320 Speaker 1: his was ten inches or twenty six centimeters long. What 114 00:06:29,360 --> 00:06:32,560 Speaker 1: do you think they were like in that autopsy? They're like, wow, 115 00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:36,240 Speaker 1: I think that the medical examiner's staff had a T 116 00:06:36,360 --> 00:06:39,520 Speaker 1: shirt made up that Sofranco August was buried in that said, 117 00:06:39,560 --> 00:06:42,760 Speaker 1: I've got the biggest appendix ever. Maybe, I mean that's 118 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:45,080 Speaker 1: crazy because when you, like I encourage you look up 119 00:06:45,080 --> 00:06:47,919 Speaker 1: a picture of the appendix, it is it looks like 120 00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:50,200 Speaker 1: a little worm and it's hanging there on this little 121 00:06:51,240 --> 00:06:55,760 Speaker 1: bulbous pouch called the sikum, and the Sikim is kind 122 00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:59,800 Speaker 1: of like where it's it's the part in between this 123 00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:03,720 Speaker 1: all Intestine and Large Intestine where there there's an agreement 124 00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:06,720 Speaker 1: that takes place, basically where the small Intestine it is like, 125 00:07:06,760 --> 00:07:10,040 Speaker 1: all right, listen, I'll take all this food and I'll 126 00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:13,880 Speaker 1: make it into clime, but I am not going into 127 00:07:13,920 --> 00:07:16,840 Speaker 1: the fecal zone. Now you handle the fecal stuff, colon, 128 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:19,600 Speaker 1: And the colon says, fine, here's my buddy, the secum. 129 00:07:21,200 --> 00:07:23,760 Speaker 1: It'll it'll service a little halfway house. You can pass 130 00:07:23,760 --> 00:07:26,480 Speaker 1: everything along to me. I will broke rate, you won't 131 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:29,440 Speaker 1: get any poop on you Small Intestine, and I'll send 132 00:07:29,440 --> 00:07:32,560 Speaker 1: it to the Large Intestine. But off of that Secum 133 00:07:32,680 --> 00:07:36,760 Speaker 1: is dangling this this little dude yeah, which as far 134 00:07:36,800 --> 00:07:40,120 Speaker 1: as anybody could ever tell, had nothing to do with digestion, 135 00:07:40,160 --> 00:07:43,320 Speaker 1: which makes it really weird because everything else around here 136 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:46,240 Speaker 1: has to do with digestion. That's just what they do, 137 00:07:46,400 --> 00:07:49,920 Speaker 1: that's their their their trade. And the appendix is just 138 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:53,240 Speaker 1: hanging out and people just thought, Okay, this this thing 139 00:07:53,280 --> 00:07:57,280 Speaker 1: doesn't make any sense. But the fact that is attached 140 00:07:57,320 --> 00:07:59,960 Speaker 1: there and doesn't seem to have to do with digestion, 141 00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:02,600 Speaker 1: made people for a very long time think that it 142 00:08:02,640 --> 00:08:05,480 Speaker 1: was a vestigial organ right, which we'll get into the 143 00:08:05,480 --> 00:08:09,200 Speaker 1: specifics of one man who really championed that idea in 144 00:08:09,240 --> 00:08:11,800 Speaker 1: a way that frankly made a lot of sense, and 145 00:08:11,840 --> 00:08:13,520 Speaker 1: you can see why it took that many years for 146 00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:16,680 Speaker 1: anyone to really poke around further into it. Yeah, because 147 00:08:17,200 --> 00:08:20,240 Speaker 1: you're just like, yeah, you just explained it's sure. But 148 00:08:20,640 --> 00:08:24,120 Speaker 1: there are other mammals that have secums, uh, and in 149 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:27,080 Speaker 1: some mammals, especially herbivores, that can be really big relative 150 00:08:27,120 --> 00:08:31,000 Speaker 1: to their body size, because in herbivores it acts as 151 00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:35,240 Speaker 1: the the predigestion house for plants, and since they're eating 152 00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:37,920 Speaker 1: tons of plants, they have large secums. Yeah, plant fiber 153 00:08:38,160 --> 00:08:40,120 Speaker 1: is really really good for you, but it's also really 154 00:08:40,120 --> 00:08:43,520 Speaker 1: hard to digest a lot of cellulose um. And that's 155 00:08:43,559 --> 00:08:46,560 Speaker 1: that large intestine coming into play again, because in the 156 00:08:46,760 --> 00:08:51,280 Speaker 1: stomach and the small intestine there's um, a microbiota, a microbiome, 157 00:08:51,320 --> 00:08:53,760 Speaker 1: which we talked about in that one episode the Human 158 00:08:53,760 --> 00:08:57,839 Speaker 1: Microbiome Project. Um. There's some in the small intestine. I 159 00:08:57,880 --> 00:09:00,360 Speaker 1: think there's far far less even in the stomach, but 160 00:09:00,440 --> 00:09:03,960 Speaker 1: in the large intestine. That's where it really shines. And 161 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:08,040 Speaker 1: those microbes, the pathogens, the virus is the fung guy 162 00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:11,079 Speaker 1: all of the and the bacteria most of all. They 163 00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:14,800 Speaker 1: all kind of work or fight or play and digest 164 00:09:14,920 --> 00:09:17,280 Speaker 1: this stuff. They break it down so that we can 165 00:09:17,320 --> 00:09:21,480 Speaker 1: absorb it. They turn it into fiber. Um dietary fiber 166 00:09:22,440 --> 00:09:25,400 Speaker 1: uh keeps you from absorbing a lot of sugar or 167 00:09:25,480 --> 00:09:30,280 Speaker 1: fats or whatever at once. Um insoluble fiber bulks your 168 00:09:30,360 --> 00:09:32,880 Speaker 1: stool up, so it really kind of gets everything out 169 00:09:32,880 --> 00:09:35,520 Speaker 1: of the coal and really cleanses it when you finally poop. 170 00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:40,920 Speaker 1: Hand gestures. Yeah, I've missed you seeing my hand gestures 171 00:09:40,960 --> 00:09:45,240 Speaker 1: now that I think, even when we're recording at home, Um, 172 00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:51,520 Speaker 1: I forgot what it's like to be seeing so um. 173 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:55,559 Speaker 1: So the large intestine has this microbiome that that lives 174 00:09:55,600 --> 00:09:57,840 Speaker 1: in there, and just just remember that. That's a big 175 00:09:57,880 --> 00:10:00,120 Speaker 1: important point. Yeah, put a pin in that, but not 176 00:10:00,200 --> 00:10:03,680 Speaker 1: literally because that would be dangerous. Um. Out of the 177 00:10:03,679 --> 00:10:07,600 Speaker 1: three sixty one mammal species, only about fifty of us 178 00:10:08,120 --> 00:10:11,480 Speaker 1: have an appendix or something like an appendix. Obviously, the 179 00:10:11,520 --> 00:10:17,120 Speaker 1: great apes do, rabbits, possums, wombats weirdly square poop. Did 180 00:10:17,120 --> 00:10:21,719 Speaker 1: they really comes out in cubes? Really? Yes? I can't 181 00:10:21,760 --> 00:10:23,400 Speaker 1: tell if you're messing with me right now? Wait, hold on, 182 00:10:23,520 --> 00:10:26,199 Speaker 1: keep talking. You're thinking of the square watermelons in Japan, 183 00:10:26,600 --> 00:10:30,360 Speaker 1: maybe thinking of all of bees. I'm pretty sure wombats 184 00:10:30,360 --> 00:10:32,520 Speaker 1: have square all right, a rare in show check. But 185 00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:36,160 Speaker 1: dogs and cats don't have appendix, cows don't, oranges don't, 186 00:10:36,200 --> 00:10:41,640 Speaker 1: sheep don't. Oh yeah, little poop poop cubes square. Yeah, 187 00:10:41,800 --> 00:10:44,200 Speaker 1: it looks like those ice cube chocolates. How do they? 188 00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:46,600 Speaker 1: How does that happen? How do they? Yeah? How does 189 00:10:46,640 --> 00:10:49,320 Speaker 1: that work? Um? I don't have time to read that, 190 00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:52,599 Speaker 1: but it looks like there's a science alert from January 191 00:10:52,800 --> 00:10:55,400 Speaker 1: that says wombats are the only animals that poop cubes 192 00:10:55,440 --> 00:10:57,680 Speaker 1: and now we know how Okay, well that's a definite 193 00:10:57,679 --> 00:10:59,480 Speaker 1: short stuff. Okay, we'll do it. Look for that soon. 194 00:11:00,440 --> 00:11:05,600 Speaker 1: Uh So, back to the vestigial organ aspect. Charles Darwin 195 00:11:05,720 --> 00:11:09,840 Speaker 1: is the person who came out and said, hey, I've 196 00:11:09,840 --> 00:11:11,960 Speaker 1: been looking at these And by the way, that was 197 00:11:12,080 --> 00:11:17,240 Speaker 1: named officially by an anatomous named Phelippe Verhan in seventeen ten. 198 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:23,240 Speaker 1: Appendix vermiformists, which means worm shaped detachment, and I think 199 00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:27,000 Speaker 1: the first appendix removals in seventeen thirty five. But Darwin 200 00:11:27,080 --> 00:11:29,760 Speaker 1: was the one who said, hey, everybody, I've been looking 201 00:11:29,800 --> 00:11:34,760 Speaker 1: at these herbivores and they've got these really big Secum's 202 00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:38,560 Speaker 1: giant for this, for this reason that Josh just described 203 00:11:38,679 --> 00:11:42,120 Speaker 1: future Josh and he said, so, here's the deal is, 204 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:45,280 Speaker 1: when we see a bunch of plants, we had humongous 205 00:11:45,320 --> 00:11:48,280 Speaker 1: secombs as well. And as our diet changed and we 206 00:11:48,320 --> 00:11:51,360 Speaker 1: got away from plants, you know, our body started to 207 00:11:51,440 --> 00:11:53,240 Speaker 1: change along with it, and that seek them just kind 208 00:11:53,240 --> 00:11:55,840 Speaker 1: of shrank. And the appendix is just a little shriveled 209 00:11:55,920 --> 00:11:59,240 Speaker 1: up piece of that formerly large secum and it's just dangling. 210 00:11:59,240 --> 00:12:03,200 Speaker 1: They're doing nothing. Isn't that amazing? And everyone until two 211 00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:06,959 Speaker 1: thousand seven said it sounds right to me. Darwin's got 212 00:12:06,960 --> 00:12:08,920 Speaker 1: it right. It does. I mean, it totally makes sense 213 00:12:08,920 --> 00:12:11,679 Speaker 1: and seems completely believable. Yes, But now that I know 214 00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:14,320 Speaker 1: it was wrong, I questioned every single thing he ever 215 00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:19,079 Speaker 1: thought of or set. Welcome to our world, Darwin, So 216 00:12:19,200 --> 00:12:21,160 Speaker 1: you guys messed up that one thing. I just don't 217 00:12:21,160 --> 00:12:24,760 Speaker 1: know I believe anything. May we hear that like every 218 00:12:24,760 --> 00:12:27,480 Speaker 1: week too? Don't we it's fun so um. But yeah, 219 00:12:27,520 --> 00:12:29,800 Speaker 1: it went for We went for well over a hundred 220 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:34,640 Speaker 1: and fifty years of just everyone believing that the appendix 221 00:12:34,720 --> 00:12:39,360 Speaker 1: was a totally useless fastigial organ that had no function 222 00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:42,120 Speaker 1: whatsoever any longer. And so it was fine if you 223 00:12:42,200 --> 00:12:45,120 Speaker 1: just took it out, which is we'll see like people 224 00:12:45,160 --> 00:12:48,320 Speaker 1: do a lot actually and it is fine for the 225 00:12:48,360 --> 00:12:52,199 Speaker 1: most part, which we're lucky that it's fine. But also 226 00:12:52,240 --> 00:12:54,520 Speaker 1: I think if if it weren't fine, we would have 227 00:12:54,559 --> 00:12:56,760 Speaker 1: figured out very quickly, like, oh wait, this is you're 228 00:12:56,800 --> 00:12:58,800 Speaker 1: not supposed to do that. So the fact that we 229 00:12:58,800 --> 00:13:02,360 Speaker 1: were able to remove the appendix later on, um without 230 00:13:02,440 --> 00:13:07,080 Speaker 1: a problem, um, just kind of lent to this, let's 231 00:13:07,080 --> 00:13:10,559 Speaker 1: support to the idea that it was a Vista gi organ. Right. Um, 232 00:13:10,600 --> 00:13:13,319 Speaker 1: But it turns out it does serve some function. We'll 233 00:13:13,360 --> 00:13:15,840 Speaker 1: start talking about that. I think after a break, what 234 00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:17,920 Speaker 1: do you think, Chuck? That was so smooth? Thank you 235 00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:42,000 Speaker 1: so much smoother in person? All right, we're back from 236 00:13:42,040 --> 00:13:45,319 Speaker 1: our break. Um, who knows what amazing as you guys 237 00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:47,480 Speaker 1: just heard. But I'm envious of you because we didn't 238 00:13:47,520 --> 00:13:49,840 Speaker 1: hear it. We just have a moment of silence in 239 00:13:49,880 --> 00:13:52,880 Speaker 1: between that's right. Uh, And now we can talk about 240 00:13:52,880 --> 00:13:55,199 Speaker 1: the microbiome a little more. And if you want to 241 00:13:55,240 --> 00:13:58,560 Speaker 1: look into our Human Microbiome Project works show that was 242 00:13:59,600 --> 00:14:04,040 Speaker 1: it's when fourteen there are trillion cells in the body. 243 00:14:04,080 --> 00:14:07,160 Speaker 1: About thirty trillion of those are human cells with DNA 244 00:14:07,880 --> 00:14:11,679 Speaker 1: and the rest of those hundred trillion are the microbiome. 245 00:14:11,960 --> 00:14:15,520 Speaker 1: That isn't just amazing and it's really there's something about 246 00:14:15,520 --> 00:14:18,040 Speaker 1: the digestive system that just frankly turns us both on 247 00:14:18,080 --> 00:14:20,920 Speaker 1: a little bit. Yeah, there were these animations that can 248 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:24,560 Speaker 1: I remember who made them? Um many many years ago? Yes, 249 00:14:24,680 --> 00:14:29,400 Speaker 1: but the animator just understood us on a level that 250 00:14:29,520 --> 00:14:32,040 Speaker 1: even I'm like, I'm like, oh, I didn't know myself. 251 00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:36,080 Speaker 1: Just little shorts from clips show. They did one about 252 00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:37,800 Speaker 1: a four and a half minute clip from how the 253 00:14:37,960 --> 00:14:41,160 Speaker 1: digestive system works, which is worth looking up on YouTube. 254 00:14:41,200 --> 00:14:43,360 Speaker 1: It's where I watched it the other day. They are 255 00:14:43,400 --> 00:14:45,520 Speaker 1: they were just gifted and talented. It's one of my 256 00:14:45,560 --> 00:14:49,080 Speaker 1: favorite little things that we ever that someone ever did 257 00:14:49,120 --> 00:14:53,080 Speaker 1: for us. I want to say, Nick Nick sounds right? Okay, 258 00:14:53,320 --> 00:14:55,520 Speaker 1: I think it was Nick. I hope it's Nick Nick. 259 00:14:56,040 --> 00:15:00,520 Speaker 1: Please like right in if you still listen. Nick moved on. Okay, well, anyway, 260 00:15:00,560 --> 00:15:02,600 Speaker 1: they were really great. What Nick's work, and if it 261 00:15:02,640 --> 00:15:06,800 Speaker 1: wasn't Nick, Nick's new nickname is Nick. That's right, Okay, 262 00:15:07,160 --> 00:15:10,400 Speaker 1: So um, Yes, the digestive system does get us jazz, 263 00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:13,160 Speaker 1: and in particular the microbiome, which we wouldn't have a 264 00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:16,560 Speaker 1: digestive system, or at least one that functions, because again, 265 00:15:16,680 --> 00:15:19,280 Speaker 1: those bacteria help us break down stuff that we would 266 00:15:19,320 --> 00:15:23,120 Speaker 1: normally have trouble breaking down, help us form poop all 267 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:26,520 Speaker 1: of that stuff. And there's a it's a symbiotic relationship 268 00:15:26,560 --> 00:15:30,120 Speaker 1: because in breaking those those things down, like that plant 269 00:15:30,120 --> 00:15:34,680 Speaker 1: fiber for instance, they're eating, they're happy, they're reproducing, but 270 00:15:34,800 --> 00:15:37,600 Speaker 1: then the byproducts and the stuff that they break open 271 00:15:37,960 --> 00:15:40,920 Speaker 1: make that stuff bioavailable for us, so we can kind 272 00:15:40,960 --> 00:15:43,800 Speaker 1: of get the nutrients and all that stuff from it 273 00:15:43,840 --> 00:15:48,240 Speaker 1: as well. It's a beautiful relationship. Not all bacteria is good, though, No, 274 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:50,760 Speaker 1: there's the bad stuff. And we should point out that 275 00:15:50,840 --> 00:15:54,040 Speaker 1: most of this bacteria is in that large intestine, uh, 276 00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:56,360 Speaker 1: the in the stomach and the small intestine. Most of 277 00:15:56,360 --> 00:15:59,760 Speaker 1: it's killed off by gastric acid. But the bad bacteria 278 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:04,200 Speaker 1: is if you eat some bad chicken or if you 279 00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:08,240 Speaker 1: have you ever done that? Yes, yeah, you know me. 280 00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:11,880 Speaker 1: I've had all manner of stomach issues over the years. 281 00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:15,440 Speaker 1: Where where did you get your bad chicken? I don't remember. 282 00:16:16,640 --> 00:16:18,680 Speaker 1: I don't remember specifically, but I know I've had bad 283 00:16:18,680 --> 00:16:21,640 Speaker 1: food before that made me sick. And in my case 284 00:16:21,640 --> 00:16:25,240 Speaker 1: in Guatemala, if you remember, you and Jerry both well, 285 00:16:25,440 --> 00:16:28,640 Speaker 1: it was not me. You know what, we were even 286 00:16:28,640 --> 00:16:30,880 Speaker 1: closing our mouth in the shower. We're being so careful. 287 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:33,720 Speaker 1: But on that last night it was the ice, the 288 00:16:33,720 --> 00:16:37,120 Speaker 1: mixed drinks. I forgot the ice is made from water, 289 00:16:37,720 --> 00:16:40,680 Speaker 1: and that water was not good for Americans. And I 290 00:16:40,720 --> 00:16:43,360 Speaker 1: stayed home that night so I didn't get diarrhea. It 291 00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:44,760 Speaker 1: was worth it though, Jerry and I had such a 292 00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:48,280 Speaker 1: good time. So yeah, I got bad sick after our 293 00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:52,040 Speaker 1: guatte trip. But that's the bad bacteria, and and that's 294 00:16:52,040 --> 00:16:55,520 Speaker 1: how it can get into your body. And your body 295 00:16:55,600 --> 00:16:58,960 Speaker 1: is solution to this, uh as Jerry can affirm, is 296 00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:02,160 Speaker 1: is diarrhea. It's your body's way of saying, we're just 297 00:17:02,160 --> 00:17:06,400 Speaker 1: gonna flush you out human being. Just get rid of everything, 298 00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:08,080 Speaker 1: get rid of all the stuff. But that's gonna take 299 00:17:08,240 --> 00:17:10,840 Speaker 1: a lot of the good stuff with it, and that's 300 00:17:10,840 --> 00:17:13,320 Speaker 1: no good because if you have all the good bacteria 301 00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:15,600 Speaker 1: or a large amount of good bacteria leaving your body, 302 00:17:16,040 --> 00:17:20,080 Speaker 1: then that can leave you very vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies 303 00:17:20,119 --> 00:17:22,280 Speaker 1: and other bad stuff. Sure, yeah, because I mean, like 304 00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:26,439 Speaker 1: a lot of the neurotransmitters that make your brain function 305 00:17:26,480 --> 00:17:28,879 Speaker 1: correctly or produced in your gut from the function of 306 00:17:28,920 --> 00:17:30,760 Speaker 1: the bacteria. Like, there's a lot of bad things that 307 00:17:30,800 --> 00:17:33,919 Speaker 1: can happen if you don't have a balanced microbiome in 308 00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:38,000 Speaker 1: your gut. Right. So Interroduke University in two thousand seven, 309 00:17:38,800 --> 00:17:41,600 Speaker 1: I guess someone was staring at a picture of the 310 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:45,359 Speaker 1: human body from the inside out and locked in on 311 00:17:45,400 --> 00:17:49,640 Speaker 1: that appendix and they're like, it's just sitting there attached 312 00:17:49,640 --> 00:17:52,960 Speaker 1: to the scumb It's got to do something right. And 313 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:58,760 Speaker 1: they did some studying and testing I know exactly you 314 00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:04,200 Speaker 1: like me, and they figured out this theory that this 315 00:18:04,280 --> 00:18:06,920 Speaker 1: is a safe house essentially for that good bacteria. It's 316 00:18:06,960 --> 00:18:11,200 Speaker 1: got a really rich uh biofilm, which is we've talked 317 00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:13,240 Speaker 1: about biofilm in a bunch of episodes. I feel like 318 00:18:13,800 --> 00:18:16,640 Speaker 1: it's like coating on the inside of the blindings of 319 00:18:16,800 --> 00:18:19,760 Speaker 1: all kinds of things. Yeah, it keeps bacteria from being destroyed. 320 00:18:19,800 --> 00:18:23,159 Speaker 1: It's like a protective mucus get exactly, which is you 321 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:25,000 Speaker 1: know that sounds gross, but it's a really a good thing. 322 00:18:25,400 --> 00:18:28,800 Speaker 1: And the appendix is just lousy with this great biofilm. 323 00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:32,440 Speaker 1: And they said, I think we think the Duke University 324 00:18:32,440 --> 00:18:35,600 Speaker 1: blue devils think that this is a safe house for 325 00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:38,879 Speaker 1: that good bacteria. Because when the body is being flushed 326 00:18:38,880 --> 00:18:41,840 Speaker 1: out with diarrhea from his illness, the appendix is down 327 00:18:41,880 --> 00:18:43,119 Speaker 1: there at the end of the cul de sact. It's 328 00:18:43,160 --> 00:18:45,640 Speaker 1: not even getting affected, basically, right. And so when that 329 00:18:45,840 --> 00:18:49,439 Speaker 1: bacteria leaves and takes the good with it, the appendix says, hi, 330 00:18:50,359 --> 00:18:53,399 Speaker 1: I'm here, look at all my good bacteria friends, go 331 00:18:53,520 --> 00:18:56,760 Speaker 1: forth and do your work. Exactly, goes bloop and pushes 332 00:18:56,800 --> 00:19:00,520 Speaker 1: all like a big hunk of mucasy bacteria or bacteria 333 00:19:00,600 --> 00:19:04,560 Speaker 1: ridden mucus into your large intestine to recallonized, which is amazing. 334 00:19:04,640 --> 00:19:07,199 Speaker 1: And and all of a sudden, the science world was 335 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:11,720 Speaker 1: turned upside down because they thought they and it turns 336 00:19:11,720 --> 00:19:14,880 Speaker 1: out they did find a use for the appendix. Yeah. Um, 337 00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:18,479 Speaker 1: and not only uh is it a storehouse they found 338 00:19:18,640 --> 00:19:22,760 Speaker 1: for bacteria, the good bacteria that make up our microbio. 339 00:19:23,040 --> 00:19:27,960 Speaker 1: It's also a place where um lymphocytes and other immune 340 00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:31,720 Speaker 1: cells are produced. Like it's called limphoid tissue, where like 341 00:19:32,160 --> 00:19:35,760 Speaker 1: T cells, B cells. I think there's one called T 342 00:19:36,040 --> 00:19:39,000 Speaker 1: natural killer cells, which you don't want to mess with 343 00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:44,639 Speaker 1: the iced tea. Yeah, or um the uh Woody Harrelson 344 00:19:44,760 --> 00:19:51,280 Speaker 1: and Julia Juliet lewis of immune cells. Um, they're produced 345 00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:57,359 Speaker 1: in the appendix right. Um, So when the recollonization process 346 00:19:57,400 --> 00:19:59,840 Speaker 1: is going on, you could still have bad bugs in 347 00:20:00,040 --> 00:20:02,960 Speaker 1: are but to prevent them from taking hold, those immune 348 00:20:02,960 --> 00:20:05,520 Speaker 1: cells come in and just wipe them out while the 349 00:20:05,600 --> 00:20:09,440 Speaker 1: good stuff comes back in and recolonizes. So the appendix 350 00:20:09,520 --> 00:20:12,800 Speaker 1: is a really apparently a very useful organ It has 351 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:16,600 Speaker 1: a use after all. Yeah, but you can still live 352 00:20:16,640 --> 00:20:19,800 Speaker 1: without it. That's the weird thing. Why why if it 353 00:20:19,880 --> 00:20:23,919 Speaker 1: produces this really important function, why would we still be 354 00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:27,080 Speaker 1: able to live without it? I don't know. Oh, well, 355 00:20:26,920 --> 00:20:29,800 Speaker 1: well we'll talk about it later. Well, now, what I 356 00:20:29,840 --> 00:20:35,480 Speaker 1: didn't see anywhere was like if you have if you 357 00:20:35,560 --> 00:20:38,760 Speaker 1: live you know in an adverse way because you don't 358 00:20:38,800 --> 00:20:42,440 Speaker 1: have your appendix, Like does that make you more susceptible 359 00:20:42,480 --> 00:20:44,440 Speaker 1: to certain things? If you have that food borne illness 360 00:20:44,520 --> 00:20:49,240 Speaker 1: or right, okay, So here's the other thing. Um, the 361 00:20:49,240 --> 00:20:51,920 Speaker 1: there was more support from the fact that you can 362 00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:57,159 Speaker 1: have your appendix remove so there's more support for the 363 00:20:57,200 --> 00:21:02,159 Speaker 1: idea that the appendix plays a role um and isn't vestigial, 364 00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:06,359 Speaker 1: from the fact, weirdly that if you remove it, at 365 00:21:06,440 --> 00:21:09,479 Speaker 1: least in the developed world, you're you're still gonna be 366 00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:13,959 Speaker 1: okay without it. Okay, it makes no sense. It's a paradox. 367 00:21:13,960 --> 00:21:16,159 Speaker 1: But then when they looked into the paradox there, like, actually, 368 00:21:16,160 --> 00:21:19,240 Speaker 1: this does make sense because of that hygiene hypothesis that 369 00:21:19,280 --> 00:21:23,680 Speaker 1: you mentioned earlier. Should we dive into it? All right? Uh? Well, 370 00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:26,760 Speaker 1: hygiene hypothesis in a nutshell, And I recommend you listen 371 00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:29,280 Speaker 1: to that episode because it was really good, but is 372 00:21:30,080 --> 00:21:35,040 Speaker 1: sort of it goes a little something like this, uh 373 00:21:35,080 --> 00:21:39,160 Speaker 1: and developing. I'm sorry. In the developed world are immune 374 00:21:39,160 --> 00:21:42,440 Speaker 1: systems can be overactive, and that's why we have things 375 00:21:42,480 --> 00:21:46,400 Speaker 1: like allergy allergies, especially food borne allergies to like peanuts 376 00:21:46,400 --> 00:21:49,000 Speaker 1: and trimp that's sitting here in front of us thawing 377 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:54,439 Speaker 1: out slowly because our immune system really wants to do something. 378 00:21:55,119 --> 00:21:58,920 Speaker 1: It is not good at Netflix and chill it likes 379 00:21:58,960 --> 00:22:01,800 Speaker 1: to really be act of and if you've got clean 380 00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:03,840 Speaker 1: water and really good fresh food and you know your 381 00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:05,680 Speaker 1: body didn't have to worry about that kind of stuff, 382 00:22:06,080 --> 00:22:08,960 Speaker 1: it starts to attack your body in other ways just 383 00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:11,680 Speaker 1: because it wants something to do. Right. It's like one 384 00:22:11,680 --> 00:22:14,000 Speaker 1: of those people at work who, like, you know, break 385 00:22:14,119 --> 00:22:16,480 Speaker 1: something and then fixes it just to show they're working. 386 00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:21,240 Speaker 1: Do people do that? There's gotta be some people out 387 00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:23,840 Speaker 1: there we like nudge of vase off their desk or 388 00:22:23,880 --> 00:22:27,600 Speaker 1: what right at the at the base putting back together plane? Okay, 389 00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:29,679 Speaker 1: but there haven't been any breaks for a while, so 390 00:22:29,720 --> 00:22:31,280 Speaker 1: I'm just trying to see how that would happen at 391 00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:34,120 Speaker 1: our office, Like how does somebody break a podcast? Uh, 392 00:22:34,200 --> 00:22:36,480 Speaker 1: you can break in RSS feed or something like that, 393 00:22:36,720 --> 00:22:38,800 Speaker 1: or maybe an I T person who like screws up 394 00:22:38,840 --> 00:22:41,479 Speaker 1: the system, so everyone's like, you gotta help us fix it, right, 395 00:22:42,119 --> 00:22:44,240 Speaker 1: kind of like that? What about this? What about somebody 396 00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:47,760 Speaker 1: who organizes things when they're already a certain way, but 397 00:22:48,119 --> 00:22:50,320 Speaker 1: they just have too much idle time, so they organize 398 00:22:50,359 --> 00:22:52,880 Speaker 1: stuff and all of a sudden there's a problem. That's 399 00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:56,879 Speaker 1: kind of what I'm talking about. So um with the 400 00:22:56,960 --> 00:23:00,119 Speaker 1: hygiene hypothesis. The idea as far as it relates to 401 00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:03,520 Speaker 1: the appendix is that because we live in this very 402 00:23:03,600 --> 00:23:07,960 Speaker 1: sanitary version of the world where we don't get hookwork, 403 00:23:08,040 --> 00:23:11,719 Speaker 1: because we don't wear bare feet and poop outside, are 404 00:23:11,800 --> 00:23:15,359 Speaker 1: drinking water is clean, we don't have like giardia in 405 00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:19,120 Speaker 1: it typically um. Because we're not exposed to this stuff, 406 00:23:19,160 --> 00:23:21,960 Speaker 1: our immune system is on high alert. So it attacks 407 00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:26,160 Speaker 1: not just peanuts, but also potentially the appendix too, because 408 00:23:26,160 --> 00:23:28,000 Speaker 1: it's just sitting there. It is just sitting there, but 409 00:23:28,040 --> 00:23:31,879 Speaker 1: also remember it's a storehouse of bacteria. It's also a 410 00:23:31,920 --> 00:23:36,600 Speaker 1: storehouse of um. The lymph system, so it's producing immune cells. 411 00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:41,440 Speaker 1: And apparently, if you're a kid and you get appendicitist, 412 00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:43,840 Speaker 1: which we'll talk about in a minute, all that whole thing, 413 00:23:44,520 --> 00:23:48,440 Speaker 1: the number one cause of that is overproduction of limp cells. 414 00:23:48,880 --> 00:23:53,199 Speaker 1: So it's possible that your immune system says, uh, this, 415 00:23:53,200 --> 00:23:55,000 Speaker 1: this part of the body is producing a lot of 416 00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:57,560 Speaker 1: weird immune cells are way more than it should. There's 417 00:23:57,560 --> 00:24:00,280 Speaker 1: a lot of bacteria here. I hadn't noticed before. Let's 418 00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:03,520 Speaker 1: go attack it. That your immune system attacks your appendix 419 00:24:03,960 --> 00:24:08,119 Speaker 1: and causes inflammation and then that creates the Appendicitis that 420 00:24:08,119 --> 00:24:12,000 Speaker 1: can be dangerous later. That sounds very weird. Why would 421 00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:14,960 Speaker 1: anybody say that, Well, Chuck, turns out that there's a 422 00:24:14,960 --> 00:24:19,800 Speaker 1: paradox that goes hand in hand with developing countries. Huh. Well, yeah, 423 00:24:19,840 --> 00:24:21,800 Speaker 1: I mean they've seen this kind of proven out in 424 00:24:21,840 --> 00:24:27,280 Speaker 1: developing countries is as they've become more developed and more industrialized, 425 00:24:27,320 --> 00:24:31,720 Speaker 1: their rate of appendicitis has gone way up, and their 426 00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:37,800 Speaker 1: body previous to that industrialization is maybe getting water that's 427 00:24:37,840 --> 00:24:40,280 Speaker 1: not great for them or food that might carry some 428 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:43,640 Speaker 1: sort of food born illness. So their immune system is like, 429 00:24:43,880 --> 00:24:47,520 Speaker 1: we're we we love this person in this culture because 430 00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:51,520 Speaker 1: we're always busy flushing this system out with with diarrhea 431 00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:53,399 Speaker 1: and we're just hard at work and we don't have 432 00:24:53,480 --> 00:24:57,720 Speaker 1: time to to create some fake peanut allergy or to 433 00:24:57,800 --> 00:24:59,840 Speaker 1: go after the appendix is not sitting there around do 434 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:03,200 Speaker 1: and anything. So they're it's just it's busy, and they've 435 00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:07,480 Speaker 1: seen as they become more industrialized, Uh, appendicitiss have gone 436 00:25:07,560 --> 00:25:09,720 Speaker 1: up and sort of lock step with that. Yeah, it 437 00:25:09,760 --> 00:25:12,560 Speaker 1: happened in the United States and Europe in the beginning 438 00:25:12,600 --> 00:25:14,919 Speaker 1: of the twentieth century. There was a big spy Like 439 00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:18,520 Speaker 1: before that, there was no such thing. As appendicitis basically, Um, 440 00:25:18,560 --> 00:25:21,040 Speaker 1: there was, but it was very very rare, and then huge, 441 00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:24,280 Speaker 1: an enormous spike, and then it plateaus and stabilizes. I 442 00:25:24,320 --> 00:25:27,119 Speaker 1: think in both Western and Eastern Europe and the US 443 00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:30,439 Speaker 1: were hovered around a hundred cases per hundred thousand people 444 00:25:30,760 --> 00:25:35,719 Speaker 1: of appendicitis these days UM over in like I think uh, 445 00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:40,520 Speaker 1: South Korea UM around that time, no appendicitis. Later in 446 00:25:40,560 --> 00:25:43,680 Speaker 1: the twentieth century, early twenty one century, as their development 447 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:47,600 Speaker 1: just went through the roof huge cases, a huge increase 448 00:25:47,600 --> 00:25:50,359 Speaker 1: of appendicitis UM and there you can just kind of 449 00:25:50,400 --> 00:25:53,879 Speaker 1: follow it around the world. As development comes, appendicitis goes up, 450 00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:57,840 Speaker 1: and they think that it's this hygiene hypoths that explains it. 451 00:25:58,119 --> 00:26:00,320 Speaker 1: So you've got the safe house theory that the pendix 452 00:26:00,359 --> 00:26:03,040 Speaker 1: actually does have a purpose and a role, and then 453 00:26:03,080 --> 00:26:08,040 Speaker 1: you have the hygiene hypothesis that explains, um, why appendicitis 454 00:26:08,560 --> 00:26:11,280 Speaker 1: is a thing in developed countries. Well, should we take 455 00:26:11,280 --> 00:26:14,520 Speaker 1: a break and dig into appendicitis? I think we should. 456 00:26:14,560 --> 00:26:37,880 Speaker 1: It's going to be awfully painful and gross. I'll bet 457 00:26:37,920 --> 00:26:42,000 Speaker 1: the ads everyone heard were just astounding. So we've been 458 00:26:42,080 --> 00:26:44,879 Speaker 1: dancing around the appendicitis kind of this whole episode It 459 00:26:44,960 --> 00:26:49,600 Speaker 1: was identified for the first time in six by Reginald 460 00:26:49,680 --> 00:26:53,120 Speaker 1: Fitz and before that they just said, you know, if 461 00:26:53,119 --> 00:26:57,400 Speaker 1: you've got an abdominal illness and you die because of it, 462 00:26:57,400 --> 00:27:00,280 Speaker 1: it's you know, it's just you had a bad stomach 463 00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:05,000 Speaker 1: ache that killed you. Sorry. Yeah. So sad Dave wrote 464 00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:07,200 Speaker 1: one of my favorite lines in the history of stuff 465 00:27:07,240 --> 00:27:10,120 Speaker 1: you should know articles. He said, fits was the first 466 00:27:10,119 --> 00:27:13,720 Speaker 1: to finger the appendix is the culprit. I was like, man, 467 00:27:14,520 --> 00:27:16,960 Speaker 1: finger the appendix. That's a that's a spinal tap record. 468 00:27:17,119 --> 00:27:20,160 Speaker 1: That's gross. But you actually probably could finger the appendix 469 00:27:20,240 --> 00:27:23,560 Speaker 1: because it is like it's like a little pouch. Just 470 00:27:23,720 --> 00:27:26,520 Speaker 1: to just think about finger sized. Yeah, you can figure 471 00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:31,840 Speaker 1: a whole forearm into uh. So Franco August appendix. Oh man, 472 00:27:32,359 --> 00:27:37,160 Speaker 1: that's an intr so uh appendix, everyone the appendix. Everybody 473 00:27:37,320 --> 00:27:42,040 Speaker 1: grow up, Calm down, calm down. Um. So the appendicitis 474 00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:44,640 Speaker 1: happens because basically I mentioned it was a cul de sac. 475 00:27:44,720 --> 00:27:47,200 Speaker 1: It's a it's the end of the road situation once 476 00:27:47,200 --> 00:27:49,960 Speaker 1: you get to the far end of the appendix. But 477 00:27:50,119 --> 00:27:52,440 Speaker 1: that other end that connects to the sikum is very 478 00:27:52,520 --> 00:27:55,960 Speaker 1: narrow and the opening is not that bigg and it 479 00:27:56,040 --> 00:27:58,479 Speaker 1: can get clogged up with bacteria. It can get clogged 480 00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:00,879 Speaker 1: up with certain kinds of seeds to go through your 481 00:28:00,880 --> 00:28:04,280 Speaker 1: body undigested hay seeds. Hay seed. Sure, it can get 482 00:28:04,520 --> 00:28:07,720 Speaker 1: this is really gross. But it can get clogged with vecaliths, 483 00:28:08,320 --> 00:28:13,000 Speaker 1: which are stone like pieces of petrified feces. My friend 484 00:28:13,040 --> 00:28:16,080 Speaker 1: I saw that. That is the number one reason appendicitis 485 00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:19,720 Speaker 1: and adults. Uh, it's a hard word to say, but 486 00:28:19,840 --> 00:28:22,840 Speaker 1: they you know, that's what happened. The opening blocks, bacteria 487 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:26,440 Speaker 1: builds up, it gets inflamed, and inflammation is that sort 488 00:28:26,480 --> 00:28:30,520 Speaker 1: of enemy of all the human body. And you start 489 00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:32,680 Speaker 1: to get fever and nausea, you've got pain. You might 490 00:28:32,680 --> 00:28:36,240 Speaker 1: get a pain in your sort of lower right side 491 00:28:36,240 --> 00:28:38,760 Speaker 1: of your gut. Yeah, because that's where your appendix is. 492 00:28:38,800 --> 00:28:42,320 Speaker 1: Like if you make a L shape with your thumb 493 00:28:42,320 --> 00:28:45,880 Speaker 1: and forefinger, like the loser put exactly. I didn't want 494 00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:48,400 Speaker 1: to say it, but okay, we're gonna get some email 495 00:28:48,400 --> 00:28:52,480 Speaker 1: about that. Um the if you take the thumb and 496 00:28:52,520 --> 00:28:55,400 Speaker 1: put it in your navel and point your finger to 497 00:28:55,560 --> 00:29:00,000 Speaker 1: your hip, Okay, that is like in the little um. 498 00:29:00,160 --> 00:29:03,560 Speaker 1: The is where your appendix is. Okay, where your thumb 499 00:29:03,560 --> 00:29:06,640 Speaker 1: and yeah, the little webbing. Yeah, all right, Well that's 500 00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:10,000 Speaker 1: if you get a pain there and you are nauseous 501 00:29:10,040 --> 00:29:12,520 Speaker 1: and you might have a fever, then get thee to 502 00:29:12,560 --> 00:29:17,080 Speaker 1: a hospital emergency room because you might have advanced appendicitis. 503 00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:20,720 Speaker 1: At that point, you might have an appendectomy quick like 504 00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:23,560 Speaker 1: they can do them super fast. Um, if you get 505 00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:26,280 Speaker 1: it really really early, they might concure it with just antibiotics, 506 00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:29,680 Speaker 1: which is great. But I think eighteen eighty seven, the 507 00:29:29,800 --> 00:29:35,280 Speaker 1: very year after FITS identified the disease in six is 508 00:29:35,280 --> 00:29:38,920 Speaker 1: when they had their first appendex tomy, which means they 509 00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:41,360 Speaker 1: had been happening the whole time. They finally just said, 510 00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:43,640 Speaker 1: oh wait a minute, I think it's the appendix is 511 00:29:43,640 --> 00:29:46,560 Speaker 1: why all these people are dying from the stomach pains. 512 00:29:47,080 --> 00:29:50,240 Speaker 1: So maybe we can start removing this little useless dangle. Yeah. 513 00:29:50,240 --> 00:29:53,040 Speaker 1: I think it was a guy named Thomas Morton. Yeah, 514 00:29:53,080 --> 00:29:55,760 Speaker 1: Thomas Morton was the surgeon who looks like he lost 515 00:29:55,760 --> 00:29:59,240 Speaker 1: his brother and son. It was from mysterious stomach ailments, 516 00:29:59,280 --> 00:30:02,640 Speaker 1: but it was probably ruptured appendixes and that's what happens 517 00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:07,120 Speaker 1: at ruptures and then leaks bad stuff into your intestines 518 00:30:07,160 --> 00:30:10,959 Speaker 1: and your your toast. Yeah. So so when the appendix 519 00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:14,240 Speaker 1: is infected and it leaks that stuff. It perforates is 520 00:30:14,240 --> 00:30:16,280 Speaker 1: what they called burst is another way to put it, 521 00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:18,880 Speaker 1: depending I think on how bad it is. All of 522 00:30:18,920 --> 00:30:23,640 Speaker 1: the infected pus. If there's fecalists in there, that whatever 523 00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:29,640 Speaker 1: bacteria they have with them, um, all that stuff it bills, right, 524 00:30:30,160 --> 00:30:34,640 Speaker 1: it spills into your abdomen, and your abdomen has an 525 00:30:34,920 --> 00:30:38,240 Speaker 1: inner has an abdominal wall, and it has an inner 526 00:30:38,280 --> 00:30:43,040 Speaker 1: coating called the peritonium. And the peritonium um is not 527 00:30:43,080 --> 00:30:46,120 Speaker 1: to be infected with anything. It's very delicate. It doesn't 528 00:30:46,160 --> 00:30:49,120 Speaker 1: like gross stuff. Keep all that and the appendix and 529 00:30:49,160 --> 00:30:52,400 Speaker 1: the intestines and all that large intestine. But when your 530 00:30:52,440 --> 00:30:54,920 Speaker 1: appendix bursts and releases all that stuff, it gets your 531 00:30:54,920 --> 00:30:58,520 Speaker 1: paritonium infect and your paritonium is like a highway straight 532 00:30:58,560 --> 00:31:01,280 Speaker 1: to your blood vessels, straight into your organs. And so 533 00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:03,880 Speaker 1: all of a sudden, your infection goes from your appendix, 534 00:31:04,160 --> 00:31:09,160 Speaker 1: which you can deal with, to your piritonium being infected, 535 00:31:09,480 --> 00:31:11,960 Speaker 1: which means your blood and then your organs are infected, 536 00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:14,520 Speaker 1: which means you can go into shock and you're you 537 00:31:14,560 --> 00:31:18,480 Speaker 1: have a like cascading system failure. That's why it's such 538 00:31:18,520 --> 00:31:22,200 Speaker 1: an emergency when you when you have like a pendicitis, 539 00:31:22,200 --> 00:31:25,080 Speaker 1: because it may rupture and that can be problematic. Yeah, 540 00:31:25,120 --> 00:31:28,480 Speaker 1: and you can still die from that. I think the 541 00:31:28,480 --> 00:31:32,240 Speaker 1: surgery itself in the mortality rate from an appendectomy was 542 00:31:34,760 --> 00:31:39,320 Speaker 1: now it's down to point well, it's one tenth of 543 00:31:39,360 --> 00:31:41,880 Speaker 1: one percent whatever that is. That's pretty low, and that 544 00:31:41,960 --> 00:31:44,440 Speaker 1: was since the mid fifties. But that's the that's the 545 00:31:44,440 --> 00:31:50,200 Speaker 1: mortality rate for the appendectomy, right, for appendicitis. I think overall, 546 00:31:50,320 --> 00:31:54,960 Speaker 1: maybe worldwide it's um I think point two to point 547 00:31:55,040 --> 00:31:59,000 Speaker 1: eight percent, which means to between two and eight of 548 00:31:59,120 --> 00:32:03,040 Speaker 1: every to and eight people who get appendicitis, out of 549 00:32:03,040 --> 00:32:06,400 Speaker 1: every thousand people who get a pendicitis. There's kind to 550 00:32:06,400 --> 00:32:09,120 Speaker 1: be an easier way to say this. Uh, they die 551 00:32:09,240 --> 00:32:12,600 Speaker 1: from it, they buy the farm. Not many, but that's significant. 552 00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:14,680 Speaker 1: If you're you know, eight people out of a thousand, 553 00:32:14,720 --> 00:32:17,480 Speaker 1: that's one. I wanted that to be point eight. And 554 00:32:17,520 --> 00:32:21,400 Speaker 1: I think the mortality rate is lowest in young people obviously, 555 00:32:22,880 --> 00:32:27,040 Speaker 1: although young people between ten and thirty are the most 556 00:32:27,080 --> 00:32:30,160 Speaker 1: likely to have an ependectomy, I think, right, yes, which 557 00:32:30,200 --> 00:32:32,960 Speaker 1: is interesting, that's weird. Um, the reason that it's lowest 558 00:32:32,960 --> 00:32:38,000 Speaker 1: and very young people is The common knowledge among um 559 00:32:38,240 --> 00:32:41,360 Speaker 1: doctors and in the medical field is that the appendix 560 00:32:41,680 --> 00:32:43,920 Speaker 1: has played a role for a long time, but it's 561 00:32:44,040 --> 00:32:46,920 Speaker 1: just part of your immune system when you're very young. 562 00:32:47,800 --> 00:32:50,240 Speaker 1: I have the impression that that is old school thinking, 563 00:32:50,280 --> 00:32:55,840 Speaker 1: That is pre bacteria safe house thinking. What that young 564 00:32:55,920 --> 00:32:58,680 Speaker 1: kids don't get it because they just have killer immune systems. Yeah, 565 00:32:58,680 --> 00:33:00,880 Speaker 1: And that the appendix is just on fire and it's 566 00:33:00,920 --> 00:33:04,640 Speaker 1: just happily working, and that it can become problematic after 567 00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:08,760 Speaker 1: it stops providing it its function. The idea is that 568 00:33:08,800 --> 00:33:11,160 Speaker 1: the younger you are, the more vulnerable you are to 569 00:33:11,320 --> 00:33:15,520 Speaker 1: dying from diarrheal diseases, for infections, and so you would 570 00:33:15,520 --> 00:33:17,600 Speaker 1: have a healthier immune system. And kids do have like 571 00:33:17,720 --> 00:33:20,240 Speaker 1: just as hopped up immune system. But I think the 572 00:33:20,280 --> 00:33:25,520 Speaker 1: medical understanding up until recently is that that the appendix 573 00:33:25,560 --> 00:33:29,240 Speaker 1: plays a part of that, right, but that it stops 574 00:33:29,560 --> 00:33:33,840 Speaker 1: functioning as you get older, and then you're vulnerable to appendicitis, 575 00:33:33,880 --> 00:33:35,960 Speaker 1: and then after you make it out of the danger zone, 576 00:33:36,360 --> 00:33:39,240 Speaker 1: you can just basically coast and get fecal with all 577 00:33:39,320 --> 00:33:42,200 Speaker 1: day long blocking up your appendix and it doesn't matter. 578 00:33:42,520 --> 00:33:45,800 Speaker 1: The new thinking is that, no, it's the storehouse for stuff. 579 00:33:46,160 --> 00:33:49,200 Speaker 1: We just don't need it anymore because we don't really 580 00:33:49,200 --> 00:33:54,160 Speaker 1: get diarrheal infections here in the developed world. Right, yeah, okay, 581 00:33:54,240 --> 00:33:57,040 Speaker 1: that makes sense. But appendicitis is a thing, and if 582 00:33:57,080 --> 00:34:00,800 Speaker 1: you do go to if you do have symptoms that 583 00:34:00,880 --> 00:34:04,360 Speaker 1: seems weird, generalized pain around your navel or where your 584 00:34:04,360 --> 00:34:07,479 Speaker 1: appendix is, you should go to the doctor. The thing is, 585 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:11,280 Speaker 1: as this new idea that the appendix actually does serve 586 00:34:11,320 --> 00:34:17,240 Speaker 1: a function um has has, at least in some quarters, 587 00:34:17,320 --> 00:34:20,960 Speaker 1: created this call for doctors to stop doing what are 588 00:34:20,960 --> 00:34:23,680 Speaker 1: called negative appendectomies, where it's like, oh, you got stomach pain, 589 00:34:23,719 --> 00:34:28,440 Speaker 1: let's take your appendix out and right, because supposedly a 590 00:34:28,560 --> 00:34:32,879 Speaker 1: non perforated appendix may actually resolve itself, like it may 591 00:34:32,920 --> 00:34:35,480 Speaker 1: go and like spit that set out and like go 592 00:34:35,560 --> 00:34:39,399 Speaker 1: back to normal or whatever. Right, um, And you don't 593 00:34:39,400 --> 00:34:41,560 Speaker 1: want to just lose your appendix willy nilly, for no. 594 00:34:41,800 --> 00:34:45,719 Speaker 1: For one, you're undergoing surgery. There's always complications in rest 595 00:34:45,719 --> 00:34:50,920 Speaker 1: of the point is, though, don't just stay home the 596 00:34:50,920 --> 00:34:53,840 Speaker 1: the this one paper I read was like, you're better 597 00:34:53,880 --> 00:34:57,240 Speaker 1: off for the physician to wait and see in the hospital. 598 00:34:57,320 --> 00:34:59,880 Speaker 1: Keep you in the hospital under observation. So that if 599 00:35:00,080 --> 00:35:03,520 Speaker 1: do need emergency surgery, you're there, um and then it 600 00:35:03,560 --> 00:35:06,280 Speaker 1: may resolve itself on its own if it hasn't perforated 601 00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:10,319 Speaker 1: already or um, and that that's that's preferable to just 602 00:35:10,400 --> 00:35:15,960 Speaker 1: removing the appendix. Don't be like I can still play 603 00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:18,040 Speaker 1: my street hockey game later, right. Yeah. I think they 604 00:35:18,040 --> 00:35:19,920 Speaker 1: were saying, like, it's not up to you the patient, 605 00:35:20,160 --> 00:35:22,000 Speaker 1: like just go to the hospital. I'm talking to the 606 00:35:22,040 --> 00:35:24,759 Speaker 1: doctors right now. The paper was saying, of course, you know, 607 00:35:24,840 --> 00:35:27,960 Speaker 1: don't remove the appendix if it if it doesn't need removing. 608 00:35:28,360 --> 00:35:31,279 Speaker 1: Are we at Harry Yudini? Yeah, so this is a 609 00:35:31,320 --> 00:35:34,480 Speaker 1: little addendum. Uh. I kind of think it's like an appendix. 610 00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:38,560 Speaker 1: I kind of think we should do uh Harry Judini 611 00:35:38,640 --> 00:35:41,640 Speaker 1: episode at some point, you bet, don't you think? Yeah, 612 00:35:41,719 --> 00:35:43,520 Speaker 1: should we talk about this now at all? I think 613 00:35:43,520 --> 00:35:48,759 Speaker 1: we should do Houdini around HALLOWEENI okay, okay, that sounds fantastic. 614 00:35:49,040 --> 00:35:53,759 Speaker 1: I tried to think it's something to rhyme with Weenie. No, 615 00:35:54,080 --> 00:35:57,680 Speaker 1: it's like a thumbs up like Magnafini. Oh that's great. 616 00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:01,560 Speaker 1: That was Yeah, all right, I'm gonna stop it right 617 00:36:01,560 --> 00:36:05,319 Speaker 1: there by using good Well, people really don't know that. 618 00:36:05,360 --> 00:36:07,080 Speaker 1: I just left the room for like fifteen minutes trying 619 00:36:07,120 --> 00:36:10,000 Speaker 1: to think of something and keep the magic of editing. 620 00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:14,200 Speaker 1: Jerry didn't do like the star wipes. Uh. So there 621 00:36:14,200 --> 00:36:17,120 Speaker 1: have been a few people who have died from a 622 00:36:17,200 --> 00:36:20,839 Speaker 1: ruptured appendix. They believe that bring him young. The Mormon 623 00:36:20,920 --> 00:36:24,640 Speaker 1: prophet did Um Charles Floyd the only person that Lewis 624 00:36:24,640 --> 00:36:28,480 Speaker 1: and clark journey expedition to die. I didn't remember that, 625 00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:31,120 Speaker 1: did you. I think I remember just mentioning. I do 626 00:36:31,320 --> 00:36:34,800 Speaker 1: remember one person die and we're like, what was his problem? 627 00:36:34,840 --> 00:36:37,640 Speaker 1: Why did he screw everything up? And it's hiss appendix. 628 00:36:38,320 --> 00:36:43,640 Speaker 1: So Harry Houdini did die of an appendicitis. And I 629 00:36:43,640 --> 00:36:47,799 Speaker 1: don't think we even said, uh, Perry and IDAs, Yeah 630 00:36:47,800 --> 00:36:49,560 Speaker 1: we did, did we say that was the actual words? 631 00:36:49,640 --> 00:36:51,800 Speaker 1: That's the Oh I don't know. But that's the affection 632 00:36:51,840 --> 00:36:54,439 Speaker 1: of the peritonium. Yeah, that's the name of it. Though. Yeah, 633 00:36:54,440 --> 00:36:56,359 Speaker 1: and that's what you do. You're like, you don't die 634 00:36:56,440 --> 00:36:59,680 Speaker 1: from your appendix, person, because again, like, yeah, it provides 635 00:36:59,680 --> 00:37:02,280 Speaker 1: a funk, but it's not it doesn't keep you alive. 636 00:37:02,440 --> 00:37:05,279 Speaker 1: It's not like your heart bursting, right, It's it's the 637 00:37:05,360 --> 00:37:09,279 Speaker 1: parent of the paratoneum getting infected that kills you. So 638 00:37:09,400 --> 00:37:11,640 Speaker 1: Houdini did die of that. But you know, the old 639 00:37:11,719 --> 00:37:15,319 Speaker 1: story is that he had come off stage. He was 640 00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:20,240 Speaker 1: backstage in his green room and uh, presumably having smart 641 00:37:20,280 --> 00:37:23,120 Speaker 1: food and beef jerky. If you're at the stuff, you 642 00:37:23,120 --> 00:37:26,480 Speaker 1: should know show everywhere from opening the bottle. Oh, man, 643 00:37:26,520 --> 00:37:28,960 Speaker 1: I can't wait to do that again. Uh, but I 644 00:37:28,960 --> 00:37:31,439 Speaker 1: can't wait because I'm not doing that anytime soon. Still 645 00:37:31,760 --> 00:37:33,719 Speaker 1: want to get on a plane, you know, not quite yet, 646 00:37:33,719 --> 00:37:37,040 Speaker 1: but we're looking forward to that for sure. But you know, 647 00:37:37,080 --> 00:37:39,080 Speaker 1: there are these college students came backstage and one of 648 00:37:39,120 --> 00:37:41,080 Speaker 1: them was like, I heard that anyone can put you 649 00:37:41,120 --> 00:37:44,480 Speaker 1: in the stomach and that you, uh, you can make 650 00:37:44,480 --> 00:37:46,200 Speaker 1: your stomach strong and it won't even hurt you. And 651 00:37:46,200 --> 00:37:49,200 Speaker 1: I'm a pretty good stomach puncher. He goes, well, that 652 00:37:49,360 --> 00:37:52,040 Speaker 1: is sort of true. And the guy punches him before 653 00:37:52,080 --> 00:37:54,720 Speaker 1: he even has a chance to really prepare and say, sure, 654 00:37:54,840 --> 00:37:59,120 Speaker 1: bring it, and uh that the sucker punch and that 655 00:37:59,200 --> 00:38:02,560 Speaker 1: burst as appended, and that's how he died. And that 656 00:38:02,719 --> 00:38:06,000 Speaker 1: story is just a little blurry around the edges as 657 00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:10,200 Speaker 1: how that went down exactly right. Yeah, So there there 658 00:38:10,239 --> 00:38:13,120 Speaker 1: were there were eyewitnesses, and they did say that this 659 00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:17,799 Speaker 1: guy um did punch Houdini. It's conflicting whether or not 660 00:38:17,840 --> 00:38:20,719 Speaker 1: Houdini gave the guy permission to punch him. And I 661 00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:24,279 Speaker 1: were the guy just started punching um. But there was 662 00:38:24,360 --> 00:38:30,400 Speaker 1: a young man named Joscelyn Gordon white Head, white Head, 663 00:38:30,680 --> 00:38:35,000 Speaker 1: Whodini's last words were done in by it guy named Jocelyn. 664 00:38:36,640 --> 00:38:39,200 Speaker 1: I didn't see that. One account was that he was 665 00:38:39,200 --> 00:38:41,120 Speaker 1: still laying on the couch and the and the guy 666 00:38:41,160 --> 00:38:43,839 Speaker 1: started wailing on his stomach. Well, yeah, because he he 667 00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:48,520 Speaker 1: had injured his ankle the the I think night before, 668 00:38:48,520 --> 00:38:50,640 Speaker 1: a couple of days before, so he was reclining on 669 00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:53,400 Speaker 1: the couch. I guess somebody was sketching him. Was basically 670 00:38:53,440 --> 00:38:59,560 Speaker 1: like that scene in Titanic. Yeah, he was like and 671 00:38:59,719 --> 00:39:03,120 Speaker 1: um and the guy started drawing right Uh, and then 672 00:39:03,120 --> 00:39:06,239 Speaker 1: the guy punches him while he that happened. Uh. The 673 00:39:06,640 --> 00:39:10,840 Speaker 1: question the thing that's that's that's sketchy is whether or 674 00:39:10,880 --> 00:39:14,320 Speaker 1: not that guy punched Udini. In the appendix and Jodie's 675 00:39:14,360 --> 00:39:19,880 Speaker 1: appendix ruptured where otherwise wouldn't have they think that that happened. 676 00:39:20,280 --> 00:39:24,680 Speaker 1: Very very rarely appendicitis prodom by blood trauma. Um, they 677 00:39:24,719 --> 00:39:28,360 Speaker 1: think that he probably had appendicitis already. This guy punched 678 00:39:28,560 --> 00:39:33,240 Speaker 1: Harry Houdini in his inflamed appendix, and that that created problems. 679 00:39:33,280 --> 00:39:36,359 Speaker 1: So the guy definitely killed Houdini one way or the other. 680 00:39:36,719 --> 00:39:41,520 Speaker 1: It's just did Houdini already have appendicitis or not? And 681 00:39:41,680 --> 00:39:45,799 Speaker 1: he probably did? Most most scholars say yes, there's just 682 00:39:45,880 --> 00:39:51,040 Speaker 1: no way this this little guy from McGill University. I mean, 683 00:39:51,160 --> 00:39:55,440 Speaker 1: come on, the Canadian Harvard, give me a break. Yeah. Um, 684 00:39:55,480 --> 00:40:00,120 Speaker 1: that that he burst Houdini's appendix. Yeah. I was had 685 00:40:00,120 --> 00:40:03,080 Speaker 1: a weird brief Houdini obsession when I was a little kid. 686 00:40:03,280 --> 00:40:05,560 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, I think I did a you know, some 687 00:40:05,640 --> 00:40:08,840 Speaker 1: sort of visual report, you know when you would just 688 00:40:08,880 --> 00:40:10,960 Speaker 1: do not even maybe it was a book report, an 689 00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:13,200 Speaker 1: interpretive dance. Is that what you're saying. Yeah, that's what 690 00:40:13,239 --> 00:40:15,279 Speaker 1: it was. But yeah it was on Judini, and I 691 00:40:15,320 --> 00:40:16,799 Speaker 1: was just for a little while, I just was really 692 00:40:16,880 --> 00:40:20,359 Speaker 1: Hudini obsessed and then kind of magic obsessed. Oh yeah, 693 00:40:20,360 --> 00:40:21,960 Speaker 1: and then you have one of those kids at a 694 00:40:21,960 --> 00:40:24,920 Speaker 1: magic phase. Did you have a kid. I may have 695 00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:26,680 Speaker 1: had a kid. Did you go to like the trick 696 00:40:26,719 --> 00:40:29,120 Speaker 1: shops magic shops? Yeah, there was one called Eddie's Trick 697 00:40:29,160 --> 00:40:30,840 Speaker 1: Shop here in the Stone Mountain. Then I went to 698 00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:34,400 Speaker 1: That's awesomes were great deck of fake cards or some 699 00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:38,080 Speaker 1: nice fake vomit or yeah, and you always looked up 700 00:40:38,120 --> 00:40:40,239 Speaker 1: to the person behind the counter and then you grew 701 00:40:40,320 --> 00:40:44,120 Speaker 1: up and you're like, oh, that's a used to work. 702 00:40:44,160 --> 00:40:47,240 Speaker 1: They're kind of thing. Yeah, it was the magic shop 703 00:40:47,640 --> 00:40:51,360 Speaker 1: and then the place that sold sold old mad magazines. 704 00:40:51,440 --> 00:40:54,080 Speaker 1: Those were the two greatest places on the planet. When 705 00:40:54,120 --> 00:40:57,480 Speaker 1: you're a certain age, you know, yeah, you got anything 706 00:40:57,480 --> 00:41:01,440 Speaker 1: else about Appendix appendicitis Judini, this is a good I 707 00:41:01,520 --> 00:41:04,120 Speaker 1: quite enjoyed this experience. I did too, Thanks to you 708 00:41:04,120 --> 00:41:07,160 Speaker 1: guys for listening. And uh, since we don't have anything 709 00:41:07,160 --> 00:41:09,080 Speaker 1: else about the appendix, that means it's time for a 710 00:41:09,120 --> 00:41:13,920 Speaker 1: listener mail. I'm gonna call this great idea from a 711 00:41:13,960 --> 00:41:16,440 Speaker 1: ten year old listener and this one, this one is 712 00:41:16,480 --> 00:41:20,520 Speaker 1: genuinely going in the two do file. Uh, dear, and 713 00:41:20,560 --> 00:41:23,480 Speaker 1: this is short and sweet deer Chuck Bryant and Josh Clark. Hi, 714 00:41:23,560 --> 00:41:25,080 Speaker 1: my name is Jack and I'm ten years old and 715 00:41:25,160 --> 00:41:29,000 Speaker 1: from hi Watha, Iowa. And I listen to your podcasts 716 00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:31,840 Speaker 1: while I'm mo. My dad introduced me to your podcast 717 00:41:31,880 --> 00:41:34,400 Speaker 1: and they've been great. My favorite one so far was 718 00:41:34,400 --> 00:41:37,359 Speaker 1: probably Titanic. It's really interesting. Before I listened to that one, 719 00:41:37,360 --> 00:41:40,160 Speaker 1: I wasn't really interested in the Titanic, but when I listen, 720 00:41:40,280 --> 00:41:42,759 Speaker 1: I got more interested. I was wondering if you ever 721 00:41:42,800 --> 00:41:45,719 Speaker 1: thought doing one on child labor It was after am 722 00:41:45,880 --> 00:41:49,360 Speaker 1: the Grass, So okay, yeah, I learned about it in 723 00:41:49,360 --> 00:41:50,880 Speaker 1: school and want to know more about it. Thank you 724 00:41:50,920 --> 00:41:53,520 Speaker 1: for all your great podcast. And then it's from Jack 725 00:41:54,239 --> 00:41:57,120 Speaker 1: and that is is on brand of stuff you should 726 00:41:57,120 --> 00:41:59,480 Speaker 1: know episode as I've ever heard. Yeah, but also coming 727 00:41:59,520 --> 00:42:03,520 Speaker 1: from child Laborer, it really kind of has a certain 728 00:42:03,600 --> 00:42:06,880 Speaker 1: like glow to it, you know. Yeah, I think, uh, 729 00:42:07,040 --> 00:42:09,239 Speaker 1: that's a great idea. I wonder if this kid is 730 00:42:09,320 --> 00:42:11,560 Speaker 1: just like, I'm gonna get my parents back for this 731 00:42:12,680 --> 00:42:15,320 Speaker 1: maybe because do you remember wanting to mow the grass 732 00:42:15,320 --> 00:42:18,000 Speaker 1: when you were ten? Totally and then you started to 733 00:42:18,160 --> 00:42:19,799 Speaker 1: about the third or fourth time, You're like, I've made 734 00:42:19,800 --> 00:42:23,120 Speaker 1: a terrible mistake. Well, it'll depend that, but it also 735 00:42:23,160 --> 00:42:24,799 Speaker 1: depended on the kind of mo word that your parents 736 00:42:24,880 --> 00:42:27,239 Speaker 1: stuck you with. We did have a writer for a 737 00:42:27,280 --> 00:42:30,560 Speaker 1: short time, so that was kind of pre go card 738 00:42:30,680 --> 00:42:34,000 Speaker 1: car driving. Yeah, it's like driving, Yeah, but with it 739 00:42:35,080 --> 00:42:39,120 Speaker 1: blade spinning at thousands of RPMs right beneath like sure, 740 00:42:39,200 --> 00:42:41,399 Speaker 1: just put that nine year old in the sea right, 741 00:42:42,200 --> 00:42:44,600 Speaker 1: Who is that again? That was Jack? Jack? Thank you, 742 00:42:44,680 --> 00:42:48,359 Speaker 1: great name, great idea, great person all around, Coming soon 743 00:42:48,440 --> 00:42:50,080 Speaker 1: like you can. You can count on that one, Jack. 744 00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:52,279 Speaker 1: If you want to get in touch with this like 745 00:42:52,400 --> 00:42:55,439 Speaker 1: Jack did with the Great Idea, we are always open 746 00:42:55,480 --> 00:42:58,080 Speaker 1: for those. Take your idea, wrap it up, spank it 747 00:42:58,200 --> 00:43:00,480 Speaker 1: lightly on the bottom, and send it off to Stuff 748 00:43:00,520 --> 00:43:07,080 Speaker 1: podcast at i heeart radio dot com. Stuff you Should 749 00:43:07,080 --> 00:43:09,520 Speaker 1: Know is a production of I Heart Radio. For more 750 00:43:09,560 --> 00:43:12,359 Speaker 1: podcasts my heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, 751 00:43:12,560 --> 00:43:15,480 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. 752 00:43:18,320 --> 00:43:18,360 Speaker 1: H