WEBVTT - S3 – 7: House to House 0:00:01.000 --> 0:00:04.200 Welcomed, unobscured a production of I Heart Radio and Aaron Minky. 0:00:08.200 --> 0:00:11.640 Charles Warren rode through Knightsbridge. It was the morning of 0:00:11.680 --> 0:00:14.960 October nine, and Liz Stride and Catherine Ettoes had been 0:00:14.960 --> 0:00:17.520 dead for more than a week. Their killer had not 0:00:17.640 --> 0:00:20.720 yet been caught. Warren's message from the month before that 0:00:21.239 --> 0:00:24.320 I could myself in a few days unravel the mystery 0:00:24.720 --> 0:00:28.040 now rang bitterly in his own ears. So he rode 0:00:28.080 --> 0:00:30.880 to Hyde Park in the dim morning hours to supervise 0:00:30.960 --> 0:00:33.239 a new method that had not yet been tried by 0:00:33.240 --> 0:00:36.559 the police in Whitechapel, although the reading public had been 0:00:36.560 --> 0:00:40.240 clamoring for it. He arrived at Hyde Parks Albert Gates 0:00:40.280 --> 0:00:42.519 and climbed down off his horse to greet a circle 0:00:42.560 --> 0:00:46.040 of waiting men. There was a constable to assist the commissioner, 0:00:46.200 --> 0:00:49.880 as well as a police surgeon, a veterinarian, a journalist, 0:00:50.120 --> 0:00:53.560 a kennel keeper, a dog breeder, and most important of all, 0:00:54.040 --> 0:00:58.400 two bloodhounds trained to hunt men. For the past day, 0:00:58.440 --> 0:01:00.640 the breeder and kennel keeper had been running the dogs 0:01:00.680 --> 0:01:03.480 through Regent's Park, testing their ability to hunt in the 0:01:03.560 --> 0:01:07.240 city raised in the countryside. They arrived on Saturday, and 0:01:07.280 --> 0:01:09.960 since then they had been taking their bearings. The first 0:01:10.000 --> 0:01:12.520 trial had gone well, and now they were determined to 0:01:12.560 --> 0:01:15.240 prove to the Commissioner that with their help they could 0:01:15.280 --> 0:01:19.280 catch the killer. A flurry of letters from the beginning 0:01:19.280 --> 0:01:21.960 of October between Warren and the Home Office makes it 0:01:22.000 --> 0:01:25.199 clear that both the Home Secretary and Warren himself knew 0:01:25.200 --> 0:01:29.000 how desperate a move disappeared. I found that there is 0:01:29.040 --> 0:01:33.039 a difficulty in suddenly bringing bloodhounds into a town, Warren 0:01:33.120 --> 0:01:35.840 had written, when they have not been trained for use 0:01:35.880 --> 0:01:38.960 in the streets, owing to the confusion of sense, they 0:01:39.000 --> 0:01:41.640 should be constantly practiced in the streets if they are 0:01:41.680 --> 0:01:45.119 to be of any use. For his part, the Home 0:01:45.160 --> 0:01:48.600 Secretary was open to the idea. He did though feel 0:01:48.680 --> 0:01:51.360 a simmering dread that it could go very, very wrong. 0:01:52.080 --> 0:01:55.440 Every precaution should be observed in their use, he wrote 0:01:55.440 --> 0:01:58.680 to Warren. If an accident happened from the dogs attacking 0:01:58.720 --> 0:02:02.480 an incorrect person, there would be a great outcry. That 0:02:02.560 --> 0:02:05.640 message got through to Charles Warren loud and clear, but 0:02:05.840 --> 0:02:08.079 so did the already growing outcry that it was a 0:02:08.160 --> 0:02:13.280 necessary next step that the hounds would work. Warren wanted 0:02:13.320 --> 0:02:15.640 to see it with his own eyes. As he greeted 0:02:15.639 --> 0:02:17.919 the waiting circle, he told them that he himself would 0:02:17.919 --> 0:02:20.839 be the quarry. The dogs sniffed his boots, and then 0:02:20.880 --> 0:02:24.200 he was off, heading northwest across the park. The morning 0:02:24.320 --> 0:02:26.720 was misty, and soon enough he passed out of sight 0:02:26.760 --> 0:02:29.800 of the group. In another moments, the kennel keeper dropped 0:02:29.800 --> 0:02:32.640 the leads and waved his hat with a whoop. The 0:02:32.720 --> 0:02:36.040 dogs rushed forward. Many hunting hounds were trained to give 0:02:36.120 --> 0:02:38.959 voice as they followed a scent, but these dogs moved 0:02:39.000 --> 0:02:43.600 forward in perfect silence. The bloodhounds weren't the only things 0:02:43.680 --> 0:02:47.280 chasing Warren. His past was also nipping at his heels. 0:02:47.680 --> 0:02:51.440 You see, two years earlier, in eight six, about of 0:02:51.520 --> 0:02:54.760 rabies had swept through the city. For Warren. It had 0:02:54.760 --> 0:02:58.480 been secondary to beating back the London poor demanding work 0:02:58.639 --> 0:03:01.680 or bread, but he had it nord it completely. In fact, 0:03:01.760 --> 0:03:05.000 he dealt with it in his signature style with a crackdown. 0:03:05.800 --> 0:03:08.880 Warren had his Metropolitan Police sweep through the city and 0:03:08.960 --> 0:03:12.360 sees any stray dogs they could find. He also enforced 0:03:12.400 --> 0:03:15.600 the musseling laws that Londoners had grown accustomed to ignoring. 0:03:15.919 --> 0:03:18.680 It earned him the nickname Muzzler in Chief for a 0:03:18.680 --> 0:03:21.600 while before the police violence of Bloody Sunday made him 0:03:21.639 --> 0:03:26.440 hated for more significant issues. Nothing put the hounds office scent, 0:03:26.520 --> 0:03:29.720 though They struggled through the do and balked once or 0:03:29.760 --> 0:03:32.960 twice where other pedestrians had crossed Warren's path, but they 0:03:33.000 --> 0:03:36.720 always caught it again. They trailed the Commissioner closely, and 0:03:36.800 --> 0:03:40.160 eventually he was caught. The same was true for their 0:03:40.200 --> 0:03:43.320 second trial with another man. One of the dogs lost 0:03:43.360 --> 0:03:45.600 the scent of their quarry as his trail entered the 0:03:45.640 --> 0:03:48.320 growing crowd of londoner's criss crossing the park, but the 0:03:48.400 --> 0:03:51.320 second dog hunted him down by the end of the morning. 0:03:51.680 --> 0:03:54.920 Warren was convinced not that the dogs could help in 0:03:54.960 --> 0:03:58.160 solving any open cases. Any traces of the man who 0:03:58.240 --> 0:04:01.160 killed Liz Stride, for instance, would be long gone, but 0:04:01.280 --> 0:04:04.320 Warren ordered the dogs to be kenneled in Whitechapel. He 0:04:04.480 --> 0:04:06.960 was determined that if the killer were to strike again, 0:04:07.320 --> 0:04:12.000 they would have every resource at their disposal. The irony 0:04:12.200 --> 0:04:15.440 wasn't lost on London journalists that the Commissioner who had 0:04:15.520 --> 0:04:18.039 muzzled the dogs of London was now trying to use 0:04:18.080 --> 0:04:20.920 those dogs to solve a crime. But the journalist who 0:04:20.960 --> 0:04:23.880 had witnessed the trial didn't have any of that criticism, 0:04:24.200 --> 0:04:27.200 only hope in what might come next, And that hope 0:04:27.279 --> 0:04:30.680 made it into the papers that the murderers cunning will 0:04:30.680 --> 0:04:33.440 not avail him against the sure hounds that will be 0:04:33.520 --> 0:04:37.279 laid on his track, and soon, they claimed, London would 0:04:37.600 --> 0:04:40.880 ring with the news of his capture. It was one 0:04:40.920 --> 0:04:44.000 of the few hopeful voices in a storm of confusion 0:04:44.120 --> 0:04:46.920 and righteous anger at the police of London who had 0:04:46.960 --> 0:04:49.560 failed for months to catch a killer who seemed to 0:04:49.600 --> 0:04:54.000 be slaughtering with impunity. But as you might guess, those 0:04:54.040 --> 0:05:21.279 hopes were false. This is unobscured. I'm Aaron Manky. We 0:05:21.320 --> 0:05:24.080 can hardly blame Warren for calling in the dogs. But 0:05:24.200 --> 0:05:26.839 what was the smooth lawn of West London's Hyde Park 0:05:27.040 --> 0:05:29.280 compared to the streets and yards of the East End. 0:05:30.080 --> 0:05:33.359 Warren was clearly casting around for help. After all, in 0:05:33.360 --> 0:05:35.680 the past weeks since the two women had been murdered, 0:05:36.040 --> 0:05:39.760 nothing had been pinned down when it comes to making 0:05:39.839 --> 0:05:43.080 sense of the Whitechapel murders. Every scrap of evidence and 0:05:43.160 --> 0:05:47.480 testimony has been examined and debated countless times. The events 0:05:47.520 --> 0:05:51.599 of September when Liz Stride and Katherine ETOs died are 0:05:51.680 --> 0:05:54.760 some of the most contentious. There are so many things 0:05:54.839 --> 0:05:57.239 that happened that night, and at one point or another, 0:05:57.360 --> 0:06:01.960 most of those details have been called into question. In 0:06:02.000 --> 0:06:06.120 the years since eighty eight. Historians and investigators have questioned 0:06:06.120 --> 0:06:09.400 whether the same man killed Liz Stride and Katherine ETOs. 0:06:09.760 --> 0:06:12.200 After all, if it was the White Chapel murderer who 0:06:12.200 --> 0:06:15.040 had killed Liz, why was the only cut across her 0:06:15.080 --> 0:06:18.440 throat while Catherine was attacked the way Annie Chapman had been. 0:06:18.880 --> 0:06:21.520 Who was the man Israel Schwartz said was smoking a 0:06:21.560 --> 0:06:25.040 pipe when he saw someone attack Liz Stride in Dutfield Yard. 0:06:25.920 --> 0:06:28.960 Did any of the eyewitnesses that night see the real killer? 0:06:29.320 --> 0:06:32.039 Couldn't have been the man Joseph Lavendaz saw outside the 0:06:32.080 --> 0:06:36.160 synagogue with the peaked cap and the red neckerchief Israel 0:06:36.200 --> 0:06:38.640 Schwartz said the attacker he saw was dressed in a 0:06:38.720 --> 0:06:42.440 dark jacket and trousers with a black peaked cap. And 0:06:42.600 --> 0:06:45.880 what about the man Mrs Mortimer saw carrying his shiny 0:06:45.920 --> 0:06:49.360 black bag down Burner Street. Added to all of that, 0:06:49.440 --> 0:06:53.080 Donald Swanson was confronted with the reports from various constables 0:06:53.120 --> 0:06:57.000 around Whitechapel that night, piecing together the descriptions of all 0:06:57.080 --> 0:07:00.000 the people they had seen and encountered, and matching them 0:07:00.000 --> 0:07:03.320 to the timeline of the murders. And then there's the 0:07:03.400 --> 0:07:06.960 question of the fabric. Did it match Catherine's clothing? But 0:07:07.080 --> 0:07:10.280 with that short trip between Miter Square and Galston Street 0:07:10.320 --> 0:07:12.680 that could be walked in just a few minutes, why 0:07:12.720 --> 0:07:15.360 did it take more than an hour after Catherine's murder 0:07:15.400 --> 0:07:18.000 for the bloody scrap to be discovered. When it comes 0:07:18.040 --> 0:07:21.680 to the graffiti, the arguments multiply over who might have 0:07:21.680 --> 0:07:24.880 written it, what it said, what it meant, and why 0:07:25.000 --> 0:07:28.520 Charles Warren would have agreed that it should be scrubbed away. 0:07:29.400 --> 0:07:32.960 All of those questions began immediately, and they were spurred 0:07:32.960 --> 0:07:36.680 on by a postcard. It arrived for the Metropolitan Police 0:07:36.720 --> 0:07:39.640 the next day in the flood of mail, but this 0:07:39.680 --> 0:07:42.560 one stood out because it looked so much like the 0:07:42.600 --> 0:07:45.080 Dear Boss letter the police had received just a few 0:07:45.160 --> 0:07:50.160 days before on September a handwriting well, it looked identical, 0:07:50.640 --> 0:07:52.960 and it was written in the same blood red ink. 0:07:54.560 --> 0:07:58.360 This note confused things even more, especially because it seemed 0:07:58.400 --> 0:08:01.120 to know the murders of Liz Strie and Katherine Eddo's 0:08:01.280 --> 0:08:06.320 in grizzly marking detail. The note read, I wasn't cutting 0:08:06.320 --> 0:08:08.840 dear old Boss when I gave you the tip. You'll 0:08:08.880 --> 0:08:12.200 hear about Saucy Jackie's work tomorrow. Double event. This time 0:08:12.400 --> 0:08:15.880 Number one squealed a bit, couldn't finish straight off, had 0:08:15.920 --> 0:08:18.679 no time to get ears for police. Thanks for keeping 0:08:18.800 --> 0:08:22.360 last letter back till I got to work again. And 0:08:22.360 --> 0:08:25.880 of course it was signed Jack the Ripper. It was 0:08:25.920 --> 0:08:28.560 also stained with a red smear to match the red 0:08:28.600 --> 0:08:32.800 ink written and covered in blood. At least that's what 0:08:32.880 --> 0:08:37.439 it looked like. Here's historian Paul Beg. The Soucy Jackie 0:08:37.480 --> 0:08:40.400 postcard was posted to the Central News on the first 0:08:40.440 --> 0:08:45.600 of October. It also addressed the recipient as Boss, and 0:08:45.720 --> 0:08:49.160 other contents suggested that it was written by the same 0:08:49.280 --> 0:08:53.360 person as the Dear Boss letter, and the postcard appeared 0:08:53.400 --> 0:08:56.439 to give details of the murders of Elizabeth Stride and 0:08:56.559 --> 0:09:00.520 Katherine Eddoes that only the killer at that time could 0:09:00.520 --> 0:09:03.760 have known. Ever since the Dear Boss letter had arrived, 0:09:03.840 --> 0:09:06.480 Donald Swanson and the other officers at the mets head 0:09:06.559 --> 0:09:09.960 kept it quiet. Analyzing it and thinking over what it 0:09:10.040 --> 0:09:12.520 might mean, but it had been given to them by 0:09:12.520 --> 0:09:15.880 the Central News Company. This note followed the same path 0:09:16.000 --> 0:09:19.040 to Swanson's desk, but somewhere along the way word had 0:09:19.040 --> 0:09:22.960 gotten out, and on Sunday, October one, the Star published 0:09:22.960 --> 0:09:26.320 a transcription of the postcard. The name Jack the Ripper 0:09:26.880 --> 0:09:30.600 was now at large, but Swanson and the detectives could 0:09:30.600 --> 0:09:33.120 hardly be upset with the press for releasing the text 0:09:33.160 --> 0:09:35.360 of the notes. After all, they were about to make 0:09:35.440 --> 0:09:39.480 revelations of their own and broadcast them throughout London. Now 0:09:39.520 --> 0:09:42.439 that they had both the Dear Boss letter and this postcard, 0:09:42.440 --> 0:09:46.120 together with matching handwriting and matching styles, they knew that 0:09:46.240 --> 0:09:49.680 someone was mocking the police with these notes. To catch them, 0:09:49.840 --> 0:09:52.280 they thought they would pull all of London on the scent. 0:09:53.120 --> 0:09:56.160 So Swanson and his team at Scotland Yard hired printers 0:09:56.200 --> 0:09:59.200 to put copies of both images onto a poster, and 0:09:59.280 --> 0:10:02.320 within days they were pasted unto every police notice board 0:10:02.360 --> 0:10:05.320 in London. If that wasn't enough, it was copied down 0:10:05.360 --> 0:10:08.440 into the pages of the London Evening News and roared 0:10:08.480 --> 0:10:12.720 through readers. On October three, Here's historian Adam would to 0:10:12.920 --> 0:10:16.559 describe the results, in the absence of any other clues 0:10:16.600 --> 0:10:19.360 of faccinity, was published in the national press to see 0:10:19.360 --> 0:10:22.760 if the handwriting would be recognized, with the inevitable result 0:10:22.800 --> 0:10:24.920 that hundreds of copycat letters were sent to them Met 0:10:24.960 --> 0:10:27.160 and also the city of Police, all of which had 0:10:27.200 --> 0:10:30.280 to be followed up and discounted, wasting valuable police time 0:10:30.440 --> 0:10:34.000 and certainly Swanson. I'm sure these were it doesn't categorically 0:10:34.040 --> 0:10:37.120 state it. I'm sure these letters were sent to Swanson 0:10:37.240 --> 0:10:40.480 Scotland Yard along with all the other documents, and so 0:10:40.640 --> 0:10:43.520 each day he'd have to go through these hoax letters, 0:10:43.559 --> 0:10:45.600 which I'm sure they must have known at the time. 0:10:46.080 --> 0:10:49.679 But looking at pertinent points, is there a name, user address, 0:10:50.080 --> 0:10:52.840 Is there something that we can send a comfortable to investigate. 0:10:52.920 --> 0:10:55.400 That was probably one of the biggest mistakes that the 0:10:55.440 --> 0:10:58.440 police made in the investigation was publishing that letter, because 0:10:58.480 --> 0:11:00.719 it just ended up wasting so many police hours and 0:11:00.960 --> 0:11:04.840 directing work that could shooting down on a more direct basis. 0:11:05.520 --> 0:11:08.400 And when it comes to the Saucy Jackie postcard, there's 0:11:08.480 --> 0:11:11.640 little reason to believe it even provided any new information 0:11:11.720 --> 0:11:14.079 to the police, which was the only reason for them 0:11:14.120 --> 0:11:16.640 to give it any attention. In the first place. Here's 0:11:16.679 --> 0:11:21.400 Paul beg once again. It's now thought possible that it 0:11:21.679 --> 0:11:24.880 could have been posted after the details of the murder 0:11:24.920 --> 0:11:28.960 were published, and neither Dear Boss nor Saucy Jackie are 0:11:29.080 --> 0:11:31.720 really now believed to have been written by the murderer 0:11:31.760 --> 0:11:38.240 at all, but they certainly contributed considerably to the notoriety 0:11:38.559 --> 0:11:42.199 of this series of murders. As if the murderers weren't 0:11:42.240 --> 0:11:47.680 already notorious enough, Donald Swanson's investigation and his desk were 0:11:47.720 --> 0:11:50.520 snowed under, that might have been the end of the 0:11:50.600 --> 0:11:53.720 leads for the police to follow. But unfortunately, the letter 0:11:53.800 --> 0:11:56.840 wasn't the only one claiming firsthand knowledge of what happened 0:11:56.840 --> 0:11:59.719 on the night of the so called double event. There 0:11:59.720 --> 0:12:03.200 were witnesses who all came forward with their own testimony, 0:12:03.640 --> 0:12:07.240 and Donald Swanson and his team at Scotland Yard weren't 0:12:07.280 --> 0:12:18.400 the only ones on the case. Another inquest, another moment 0:12:18.480 --> 0:12:22.200 to shine for a win. Baxter. Elizabeth Stride had died 0:12:22.200 --> 0:12:25.240 in Duttfield Yard only a few days before, and Baxter's 0:12:25.240 --> 0:12:29.240 inimitable hand rested on the proceedings. Once again. His questioning 0:12:29.280 --> 0:12:32.079 brought in the same cacophony of voices that Donald Swanson 0:12:32.200 --> 0:12:35.280 was trying to compose into something that sounded clear, and 0:12:35.360 --> 0:12:38.680 when it came to assessing Liz Stride's death, Baxter had 0:12:38.720 --> 0:12:42.200 to do the same. So he called in the whole roster, 0:12:42.600 --> 0:12:45.440 the steward of the Socialist club at Dutfield Yard, the 0:12:45.480 --> 0:12:48.640 neighbors on Berner Street, the doctor who responded to the 0:12:48.679 --> 0:12:51.960 scene and examined Liz Stride's wounds, even members of a 0:12:52.040 --> 0:12:54.320 club who were there that night and had seen Liz 0:12:54.320 --> 0:12:57.640 Stride's body just outside their walls. He called in plenty 0:12:57.640 --> 0:13:00.360 of constables from the area to describe the night. He 0:13:00.440 --> 0:13:03.000 called in a widow who had lived in a Spittlefield's 0:13:03.000 --> 0:13:06.400 lodging house with Liz Stride for six years, who identified 0:13:06.400 --> 0:13:09.079 the body as the woman she knew as long Liz. 0:13:10.800 --> 0:13:14.240 The surgeon, Dr Phillips, testified as well. He described how 0:13:14.240 --> 0:13:16.400 he had worked together with a local doctor on the 0:13:16.400 --> 0:13:20.920 post mortem examination and detailed the bruises on Liz Stride's shoulders, 0:13:21.040 --> 0:13:23.920 marks that were made as if strong hands had brutally 0:13:24.000 --> 0:13:26.719 thrown her down, though he couldn't tell if they were 0:13:26.720 --> 0:13:29.960 from the night she was killed or earlier. In fact, 0:13:30.000 --> 0:13:33.400 over multiple days, when Baxter called back, both doctors to 0:13:33.440 --> 0:13:37.480 give minute details about Stride's body, her position, the exact 0:13:37.559 --> 0:13:40.080 depth of the cut across her neck, what was in 0:13:40.120 --> 0:13:43.280 her hands, and what was in her stomach. None of it, though, 0:13:43.480 --> 0:13:46.080 turned up, and he clues to the killer or leads 0:13:46.080 --> 0:13:49.400 for the police to follow. It was as if the 0:13:49.440 --> 0:13:53.240 coroner was following a confused trail. The earlier cases had 0:13:53.320 --> 0:13:56.079 him and Dr Phillips asking if a surgeon could be 0:13:56.080 --> 0:13:59.280 behind the killings. Now he was chasing after any sign 0:13:59.320 --> 0:14:02.480 that would build on or contradict any aspect of the 0:14:02.520 --> 0:14:05.720 profile he had sketched out with Phillips from the earlier murders. 0:14:06.160 --> 0:14:09.800 But Liz Stride's inquest simply did not reveal anything new 0:14:09.840 --> 0:14:13.480 to go on. Curiously, though, there was one significant person 0:14:13.480 --> 0:14:16.600 who did not appear at the inquest, Israel Schwartz, the 0:14:16.760 --> 0:14:20.360 Jewish Hungarian, the man who had seen the attack. That 0:14:20.440 --> 0:14:24.440 wasn't because he dodged the authorities, though far from it. 0:14:24.520 --> 0:14:27.240 Together with an interpreter, Israel Schwartz went to the London 0:14:27.320 --> 0:14:29.280 Street Police station on the day he had seen the 0:14:29.360 --> 0:14:32.320 murder of Liz Stride. That's where he gave the testimony 0:14:32.360 --> 0:14:35.600 that Donald Swanson would include in his reports. He knew 0:14:35.640 --> 0:14:38.680 he had witnessed the crime in question. In fact, Inspector 0:14:38.720 --> 0:14:41.440 Aberleine had been on hand, and in a later report 0:14:41.640 --> 0:14:46.720 described their encounter. I questioned Israel Schwartz very closely at 0:14:46.720 --> 0:14:49.600 the time he made the statement. Aberleine wrote, as to 0:14:49.680 --> 0:14:52.800 whom the man addressed when he called Lipski, but he 0:14:52.880 --> 0:14:56.520 was unable to say. Schwartz, being a foreigner and unable 0:14:56.560 --> 0:15:01.840 to speak English, became alarmed and ran away. No doubt 0:15:01.880 --> 0:15:05.080 it was Aberleine's interrogation of Schwartz that formed the basis 0:15:05.120 --> 0:15:08.120 of Donald Swanson's report too. But there were a few 0:15:08.160 --> 0:15:11.240 things that Aberleine wanted to clear up, because that shout 0:15:11.400 --> 0:15:15.680 the name Lipsky was likely to be confusing. Aberleine wrote 0:15:15.680 --> 0:15:18.760 that since a Jew named Lipski was hanged for the 0:15:18.840 --> 0:15:22.200 murder of a Jewess in eight seven, the name was 0:15:22.360 --> 0:15:25.680 very frequently been used by persons to insult the Jew 0:15:25.760 --> 0:15:28.240 to whom it has been addressed, and when it was 0:15:28.280 --> 0:15:31.600 shouted at Schwartz, Inspector Aberline rights, I am of the 0:15:31.680 --> 0:15:34.120 opinion it was addressed to him. As he stopped to 0:15:34.160 --> 0:15:37.120 look at the man he saw ill using the deceased woman. 0:15:38.080 --> 0:15:41.440 So there's no question that Schwartz was closely questioned by 0:15:41.480 --> 0:15:44.480 the police, and Donald Swanson even makes a note that 0:15:44.520 --> 0:15:47.040 by all accounts, it seemed like the man was telling 0:15:47.040 --> 0:15:50.320 the truth. At the very least, Israel Schwartz convinced the 0:15:50.320 --> 0:15:52.840 inspectors working on the case that he had really seen 0:15:52.880 --> 0:15:56.480 the attack that killed Liz Stride. One thing that makes 0:15:56.480 --> 0:15:59.160 it all more puzzling that Israel Schwartz did not appear 0:15:59.240 --> 0:16:02.680 at Liz stride inquest. The coroner in the eight seven 0:16:02.760 --> 0:16:06.920 Lipsky murder case was none other than Win Baxter. After all, 0:16:07.000 --> 0:16:09.360 that murder had been in the same neighborhood where Liz 0:16:09.440 --> 0:16:12.560 Stride had been killed. Here's Paul beg once again to 0:16:12.640 --> 0:16:17.760 tell us more about that case. Israel Lipsky lived in 0:16:18.160 --> 0:16:22.360 Batty Street, which was a street adjacent to Burner Street, 0:16:22.440 --> 0:16:25.360 which is where Stride was molded. A fellow lodger in 0:16:25.400 --> 0:16:28.760 the house was a young woman named Miriam Angel, and 0:16:28.880 --> 0:16:33.920 in June of seven, she was poisoned with nitric acid. 0:16:34.000 --> 0:16:37.720 On nitric acid, it also appears that Lipsky had tried 0:16:37.760 --> 0:16:40.800 to commit suicide by drinking the acid too, but he 0:16:40.840 --> 0:16:44.800 didn't die, and when he had recovered, he was charged 0:16:45.000 --> 0:16:50.080 and tried and convicted of murdering Miriam Angel. He denied 0:16:50.160 --> 0:16:53.680 having done so, and a lot of people believed him, 0:16:53.760 --> 0:16:57.200 but the jury wasn't amongst them, and he was sentenced 0:16:57.240 --> 0:17:01.720 to hang. There was a great deal of effort to 0:17:01.800 --> 0:17:05.600 try and persuade the Home Secretary to commute the sentence, 0:17:06.560 --> 0:17:10.800 but Henry Matthews refused to do so, and Lipsky then 0:17:11.080 --> 0:17:14.320 wrote a confession shortly before he went to the gallows. 0:17:15.280 --> 0:17:20.320 Many people still entertained doubt about his guilt. However, the 0:17:20.440 --> 0:17:24.159 name we had told Lipsky was briefly used as a 0:17:24.560 --> 0:17:28.320 term of insult. It was just one more event that 0:17:28.400 --> 0:17:31.920 had sown seeds of hatred and suspicion in London, especially 0:17:31.920 --> 0:17:35.520 of London Jews, connecting them to stories of crime and violence. 0:17:35.880 --> 0:17:37.840 That's how the name had come to be a slur. 0:17:38.240 --> 0:17:42.080 Shouting Lipsky was about turning that hatred and suspicion into 0:17:42.119 --> 0:17:45.040 a weapon, especially at a time when someone was killing 0:17:45.080 --> 0:17:48.720 women in the Jewish and immigrant neighborhoods of London, and 0:17:48.800 --> 0:17:51.080 none of the officials trying to untie the knots at 0:17:51.080 --> 0:17:53.600 the center of the Whitechapel murders would have known this 0:17:53.640 --> 0:17:57.640 better than when Baxter he had conducted Miriam Angel's inquest 0:17:58.000 --> 0:18:01.440 one step in Lipsky's march toward the gallows, and Inspector 0:18:01.480 --> 0:18:04.800 Aberleine wrote in his report that Israel Schwartz did see 0:18:04.840 --> 0:18:08.680 the body of Liz Stride together with his interpreter. Aberleine 0:18:08.680 --> 0:18:11.440 says he was taken to the mortuary and he confirmed 0:18:11.480 --> 0:18:13.480 that she was the woman he had seen attacked on 0:18:13.560 --> 0:18:18.639 Berner Street. So what made Schwartz disappear at this point, 0:18:18.840 --> 0:18:21.600 it's hard to know. It could be that his testimony 0:18:21.640 --> 0:18:24.399 became less trusted over time, or it could be that 0:18:24.480 --> 0:18:27.119 the police themselves held him out of the public eye 0:18:27.920 --> 0:18:32.160 well almost you see, before he vanished from the public record, 0:18:32.240 --> 0:18:34.720 he was run to ground by a journalist from the Star. 0:18:35.119 --> 0:18:37.320 A reporter heard that he was giving a statement to 0:18:37.359 --> 0:18:40.560 the police and followed him home to back Church Lane, 0:18:40.600 --> 0:18:43.919 where he took down a wild version of Israel schwartz testimony. 0:18:44.400 --> 0:18:47.320 The embellishments on the police account included a man chasing 0:18:47.359 --> 0:18:50.199 Schwartz with a knife, but what Israel told the reporter 0:18:50.320 --> 0:18:53.879 also repeats his description of Liz strides attacker, a man 0:18:53.920 --> 0:18:57.480 about thirty years old, dressed respectably in dark clothes, and 0:18:57.520 --> 0:19:00.160 a felt hat, a man whose face he had been 0:19:00.240 --> 0:19:02.280 well enough in the dark to tell that he had 0:19:02.320 --> 0:19:06.320 a brown mustache. After that statement was published in the Star, 0:19:06.440 --> 0:19:12.119 though Israel Schwartz disappeared. Here's Paul Beg. Once again, we 0:19:12.240 --> 0:19:14.800 know that another witness in the street who had also 0:19:14.960 --> 0:19:18.760 seen nothing, but whose testimony was relevant to what was 0:19:18.800 --> 0:19:22.280 happening or rather not happening in burn The Street at 0:19:22.280 --> 0:19:26.040 the time of the murders. She wasn't called either. So 0:19:26.359 --> 0:19:29.640 it's possible that the police were keeping Schwartz under wraps, 0:19:29.760 --> 0:19:33.760 which they shouldn't really have done and assuming they were 0:19:33.840 --> 0:19:37.400 doing it, or rather they shouldn't have done it, assuming 0:19:37.440 --> 0:19:40.000 that they did it at all, Or it's possible that 0:19:40.080 --> 0:19:44.800 Schwartz gave his testimony and camera or off the public record, 0:19:45.240 --> 0:19:48.359 or finally that he'd gone to ground and the police 0:19:48.359 --> 0:19:52.600 couldn't find him. Whether he disappeared in police custody or 0:19:52.680 --> 0:19:55.960 under his own power, Israel Schwartz wasn't the only person 0:19:56.040 --> 0:19:58.560 to give a statement to the papers but then never 0:19:58.680 --> 0:20:02.480 appeared at Win Baxter inquest. That distinction also goes to 0:20:02.600 --> 0:20:06.399 Mrs Mortimer and her man with his black bag, leaving 0:20:06.440 --> 0:20:09.240 her out of the inquest. Is slightly less puzzling, though. 0:20:09.520 --> 0:20:11.600 As a matter of fact, the shining black bag she 0:20:11.640 --> 0:20:14.320 described was one of the easiest matters for the police 0:20:14.320 --> 0:20:18.040 to clear up. That's because after reading Mrs Mortimer's testimony 0:20:18.040 --> 0:20:21.399 in the paper, a man named Leon Goldstein followed Israel 0:20:21.440 --> 0:20:24.719 Schwartz's example and arrived at the Lenham Street police station. 0:20:25.359 --> 0:20:28.119 He was the man who matched Mrs Mortimer's description. He 0:20:28.160 --> 0:20:31.200 said he had left a coffee shop in Spectacle Alley 0:20:31.240 --> 0:20:34.520 a few minutes before and he was walking home. That 0:20:34.640 --> 0:20:36.960 put him on Berner Street at around the time of 0:20:37.000 --> 0:20:40.040 the murder. And he said he hadn't seen anything, but 0:20:40.119 --> 0:20:42.080 he was sure that he was the one the neighbor 0:20:42.119 --> 0:20:44.760 had seen because in his hand he had a set 0:20:44.800 --> 0:20:48.160 of cigarette boxes, recently assembled and ready to be delivered 0:20:48.200 --> 0:20:50.480 to a shop where they could be filled. Of course, 0:20:50.520 --> 0:20:54.160 he was carrying those cigarette boxes in a shiny black bag. 0:20:55.520 --> 0:20:58.320 Leon Goldstein, it seems, simply had the bad fortune of 0:20:58.359 --> 0:21:01.399 walking through the neighborhood at the time. But through the 0:21:01.440 --> 0:21:04.840 testimony of Mrs Mortimer printed in the Evening News, his 0:21:04.960 --> 0:21:09.040 brisk walk turned from ordinary to ominous. Here's Paul Beg 0:21:09.160 --> 0:21:14.240 once again the contents of his black bag were utterly harmless, 0:21:14.280 --> 0:21:19.000 and Mr Goldstein went on his way, but his black 0:21:19.040 --> 0:21:21.960 bag stayed in the public's mind and added to the 0:21:22.040 --> 0:21:26.520 image of the top the the upper class gent with 0:21:26.560 --> 0:21:30.359 a top hat, wearing a cape, and always carrying a 0:21:30.440 --> 0:21:33.960 black bag. The bag is iconic in the story of 0:21:34.040 --> 0:21:37.520 Jack the Ripper, as much as the dear stalker hat 0:21:37.800 --> 0:21:41.920 is iconic in the image of Sherlock Holmes. So Leon 0:21:42.080 --> 0:21:47.159 Goldstein inadvertently gave rise to this this myth of the 0:21:47.200 --> 0:21:50.760 black bag, and the police didn't help because they never 0:21:51.080 --> 0:21:53.959 released the story of Mr Goldstein to the press, so 0:21:54.000 --> 0:21:58.360 it was never significantly reported. In fact, Goldstein's testimony at 0:21:58.359 --> 0:22:00.760 the Lehman Street station would stay tucked away in the 0:22:00.760 --> 0:22:04.320 police files for decades, like so many of Donald Swanson's 0:22:04.400 --> 0:22:07.960 observations and conclusions. So as far as the press of 0:22:08.000 --> 0:22:11.560 the public knew, Mrs Mortimer's fleeing man with the mysterious 0:22:11.600 --> 0:22:15.240 black bag had vanished into the night, and in the 0:22:15.320 --> 0:22:19.119 time that followed, with fear, uncertainty, and doubt simmering in 0:22:19.160 --> 0:22:22.679 the minds of everyone fascinated by the murders, the mysterious 0:22:22.720 --> 0:22:26.360 black bag would loom large thousands of paper boxes were 0:22:26.359 --> 0:22:29.440 assembled at East End homes and then delivered to match 0:22:29.520 --> 0:22:32.640 factories and cigarette shops in bags and boxes of all 0:22:32.720 --> 0:22:36.119 kinds at home. Assembly was the gig work of London, 0:22:36.400 --> 0:22:41.280 a crucial cog in the Empire's grandest manufacturing giants. But 0:22:41.359 --> 0:22:44.240 despite simply being a testament to the kinds of factory 0:22:44.280 --> 0:22:48.160 work done in the East End Leon Goldstein's Shiny Black Bag, 0:22:48.600 --> 0:22:53.040 but instead assume the mythic proportions of the killer himself. 0:22:58.040 --> 0:23:02.080 Katherine Etto's inquest was different matter altogether, and there was 0:23:02.080 --> 0:23:04.960 a different man in the lead her murder in Miters 0:23:05.000 --> 0:23:07.760 Square took the case not only into the jurisdiction of 0:23:07.800 --> 0:23:11.159 the London City Police, but also across into the jurisdiction 0:23:11.320 --> 0:23:15.920 of a different corner. He opened proceedings on October four, 0:23:16.200 --> 0:23:18.720 and though it was a different man calling the witnesses 0:23:18.800 --> 0:23:21.439 and guiding the jury through the process of determining the 0:23:21.480 --> 0:23:24.199 cause of death, there was much about the process that 0:23:24.280 --> 0:23:28.199 was familiar. Catherine's sister Eliza appeared at the inquest and 0:23:28.280 --> 0:23:31.080