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Speaker 1: Welcomed, unobscured a production of I Heart Radio and Aaron Minky.

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Speaker 1: Charles Warren rode through Knightsbridge. It was the morning of

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Speaker 1: October nine, and Liz Stride and Catherine Ettoes had been

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Speaker 1: dead for more than a week. Their killer had not

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Speaker 1: yet been caught. Warren's message from the month before that

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Speaker 1: I could myself in a few days unravel the mystery

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Speaker 1: now rang bitterly in his own ears. So he rode

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Speaker 1: to Hyde Park in the dim morning hours to supervise

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Speaker 1: a new method that had not yet been tried by

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Speaker 1: the police in Whitechapel, although the reading public had been

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Speaker 1: clamoring for it. He arrived at Hyde Parks Albert Gates

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Speaker 1: and climbed down off his horse to greet a circle

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Speaker 1: of waiting men. There was a constable to assist the commissioner,

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Speaker 1: as well as a police surgeon, a veterinarian, a journalist,

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Speaker 1: a kennel keeper, a dog breeder, and most important of all,

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Speaker 1: two bloodhounds trained to hunt men. For the past day,

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Speaker 1: the breeder and kennel keeper had been running the dogs

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Speaker 1: through Regent's Park, testing their ability to hunt in the

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Speaker 1: city raised in the countryside. They arrived on Saturday, and

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Speaker 1: since then they had been taking their bearings. The first

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Speaker 1: trial had gone well, and now they were determined to

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Speaker 1: prove to the Commissioner that with their help they could

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Speaker 1: catch the killer. A flurry of letters from the beginning

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Speaker 1: of October between Warren and the Home Office makes it

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Speaker 1: clear that both the Home Secretary and Warren himself knew

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Speaker 1: how desperate a move disappeared. I found that there is

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Speaker 1: a difficulty in suddenly bringing bloodhounds into a town, Warren

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Speaker 1: had written, when they have not been trained for use

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Speaker 1: in the streets, owing to the confusion of sense, they

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Speaker 1: should be constantly practiced in the streets if they are

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Speaker 1: to be of any use. For his part, the Home

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Speaker 1: Secretary was open to the idea. He did though feel

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Speaker 1: a simmering dread that it could go very, very wrong.

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Speaker 1: Every precaution should be observed in their use, he wrote

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Speaker 1: to Warren. If an accident happened from the dogs attacking

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Speaker 1: an incorrect person, there would be a great outcry. That

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Speaker 1: message got through to Charles Warren loud and clear, but

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Speaker 1: so did the already growing outcry that it was a

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Speaker 1: necessary next step that the hounds would work. Warren wanted

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Speaker 1: to see it with his own eyes. As he greeted

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Speaker 1: the waiting circle, he told them that he himself would

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Speaker 1: be the quarry. The dogs sniffed his boots, and then

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Speaker 1: he was off, heading northwest across the park. The morning

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Speaker 1: was misty, and soon enough he passed out of sight

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Speaker 1: of the group. In another moments, the kennel keeper dropped

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Speaker 1: the leads and waved his hat with a whoop. The

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Speaker 1: dogs rushed forward. Many hunting hounds were trained to give

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Speaker 1: voice as they followed a scent, but these dogs moved

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Speaker 1: forward in perfect silence. The bloodhounds weren't the only things

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Speaker 1: chasing Warren. His past was also nipping at his heels.

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Speaker 1: You see, two years earlier, in eight six, about of

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Speaker 1: rabies had swept through the city. For Warren. It had

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Speaker 1: been secondary to beating back the London poor demanding work

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Speaker 1: or bread, but he had it nord it completely. In fact,

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Speaker 1: he dealt with it in his signature style with a crackdown.

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Speaker 1: Warren had his Metropolitan Police sweep through the city and

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Speaker 1: sees any stray dogs they could find. He also enforced

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Speaker 1: the musseling laws that Londoners had grown accustomed to ignoring.

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Speaker 1: It earned him the nickname Muzzler in Chief for a

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Speaker 1: while before the police violence of Bloody Sunday made him

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Speaker 1: hated for more significant issues. Nothing put the hounds office scent,

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Speaker 1: though They struggled through the do and balked once or

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Speaker 1: twice where other pedestrians had crossed Warren's path, but they

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Speaker 1: always caught it again. They trailed the Commissioner closely, and

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Speaker 1: eventually he was caught. The same was true for their

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Speaker 1: second trial with another man. One of the dogs lost

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Speaker 1: the scent of their quarry as his trail entered the

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Speaker 1: growing crowd of londoner's criss crossing the park, but the

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Speaker 1: second dog hunted him down by the end of the morning.

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Speaker 1: Warren was convinced not that the dogs could help in

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Speaker 1: solving any open cases. Any traces of the man who

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Speaker 1: killed Liz Stride, for instance, would be long gone, but

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Speaker 1: Warren ordered the dogs to be kenneled in Whitechapel. He

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Speaker 1: was determined that if the killer were to strike again,

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Speaker 1: they would have every resource at their disposal. The irony

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Speaker 1: wasn't lost on London journalists that the Commissioner who had

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Speaker 1: muzzled the dogs of London was now trying to use

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Speaker 1: those dogs to solve a crime. But the journalist who

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Speaker 1: had witnessed the trial didn't have any of that criticism,

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Speaker 1: only hope in what might come next, And that hope

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Speaker 1: made it into the papers that the murderers cunning will

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Speaker 1: not avail him against the sure hounds that will be

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Speaker 1: laid on his track, and soon, they claimed, London would

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Speaker 1: ring with the news of his capture. It was one

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Speaker 1: of the few hopeful voices in a storm of confusion

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Speaker 1: and righteous anger at the police of London who had

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Speaker 1: failed for months to catch a killer who seemed to

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Speaker 1: be slaughtering with impunity. But as you might guess, those

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Speaker 1: hopes were false. This is unobscured. I'm Aaron Manky. We

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Speaker 1: can hardly blame Warren for calling in the dogs. But

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Speaker 1: what was the smooth lawn of West London's Hyde Park

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Speaker 1: compared to the streets and yards of the East End.

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Speaker 1: Warren was clearly casting around for help. After all, in

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Speaker 1: the past weeks since the two women had been murdered,

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Speaker 1: nothing had been pinned down when it comes to making

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Speaker 1: sense of the Whitechapel murders. Every scrap of evidence and

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Speaker 1: testimony has been examined and debated countless times. The events

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Speaker 1: of September when Liz Stride and Katherine ETOs died are

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Speaker 1: some of the most contentious. There are so many things

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Speaker 1: that happened that night, and at one point or another,

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Speaker 1: most of those details have been called into question. In

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Speaker 1: the years since eighty eight. Historians and investigators have questioned

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Speaker 1: whether the same man killed Liz Stride and Katherine ETOs.

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Speaker 1: After all, if it was the White Chapel murderer who

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Speaker 1: had killed Liz, why was the only cut across her

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Speaker 1: throat while Catherine was attacked the way Annie Chapman had been.

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Speaker 1: Who was the man Israel Schwartz said was smoking a

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Speaker 1: pipe when he saw someone attack Liz Stride in Dutfield Yard.

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Speaker 1: Did any of the eyewitnesses that night see the real killer?

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Speaker 1: Couldn't have been the man Joseph Lavendaz saw outside the

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Speaker 1: synagogue with the peaked cap and the red neckerchief Israel

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Speaker 1: Schwartz said the attacker he saw was dressed in a

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Speaker 1: dark jacket and trousers with a black peaked cap. And

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Speaker 1: what about the man Mrs Mortimer saw carrying his shiny

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Speaker 1: black bag down Burner Street. Added to all of that,

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Speaker 1: Donald Swanson was confronted with the reports from various constables

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Speaker 1: around Whitechapel that night, piecing together the descriptions of all

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Speaker 1: the people they had seen and encountered, and matching them

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Speaker 1: to the timeline of the murders. And then there's the

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Speaker 1: question of the fabric. Did it match Catherine's clothing? But

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Speaker 1: with that short trip between Miter Square and Galston Street

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Speaker 1: that could be walked in just a few minutes, why

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Speaker 1: did it take more than an hour after Catherine's murder

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Speaker 1: for the bloody scrap to be discovered. When it comes

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Speaker 1: to the graffiti, the arguments multiply over who might have

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Speaker 1: written it, what it said, what it meant, and why

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Speaker 1: Charles Warren would have agreed that it should be scrubbed away.

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Speaker 1: All of those questions began immediately, and they were spurred

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Speaker 1: on by a postcard. It arrived for the Metropolitan Police

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Speaker 1: the next day in the flood of mail, but this

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Speaker 1: one stood out because it looked so much like the

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Speaker 1: Dear Boss letter the police had received just a few

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Speaker 1: days before on September a handwriting well, it looked identical,

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Speaker 1: and it was written in the same blood red ink.

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Speaker 1: This note confused things even more, especially because it seemed

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Speaker 1: to know the murders of Liz Strie and Katherine Eddo's

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Speaker 1: in grizzly marking detail. The note read, I wasn't cutting

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Speaker 1: dear old Boss when I gave you the tip. You'll

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Speaker 1: hear about Saucy Jackie's work tomorrow. Double event. This time

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Speaker 1: Number one squealed a bit, couldn't finish straight off, had

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Speaker 1: no time to get ears for police. Thanks for keeping

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Speaker 1: last letter back till I got to work again. And

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Speaker 1: of course it was signed Jack the Ripper. It was

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Speaker 1: also stained with a red smear to match the red

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Speaker 1: ink written and covered in blood. At least that's what

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Speaker 1: it looked like. Here's historian Paul Beg. The Soucy Jackie

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Speaker 1: postcard was posted to the Central News on the first

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Speaker 1: of October. It also addressed the recipient as Boss, and

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Speaker 1: other contents suggested that it was written by the same

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Speaker 1: person as the Dear Boss letter, and the postcard appeared

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Speaker 1: to give details of the murders of Elizabeth Stride and

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Speaker 1: Katherine Eddoes that only the killer at that time could

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Speaker 1: have known. Ever since the Dear Boss letter had arrived,

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Speaker 1: Donald Swanson and the other officers at the mets head

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Speaker 1: kept it quiet. Analyzing it and thinking over what it

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Speaker 1: might mean, but it had been given to them by

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Speaker 1: the Central News Company. This note followed the same path

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Speaker 1: to Swanson's desk, but somewhere along the way word had

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Speaker 1: gotten out, and on Sunday, October one, the Star published

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Speaker 1: a transcription of the postcard. The name Jack the Ripper

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Speaker 1: was now at large, but Swanson and the detectives could

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Speaker 1: hardly be upset with the press for releasing the text

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Speaker 1: of the notes. After all, they were about to make

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Speaker 1: revelations of their own and broadcast them throughout London. Now

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Speaker 1: that they had both the Dear Boss letter and this postcard,

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Speaker 1: together with matching handwriting and matching styles, they knew that

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Speaker 1: someone was mocking the police with these notes. To catch them,

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Speaker 1: they thought they would pull all of London on the scent.

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Speaker 1: So Swanson and his team at Scotland Yard hired printers

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Speaker 1: to put copies of both images onto a poster, and

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Speaker 1: within days they were pasted unto every police notice board

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Speaker 1: in London. If that wasn't enough, it was copied down

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Speaker 1: into the pages of the London Evening News and roared

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Speaker 1: through readers. On October three, Here's historian Adam would to

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Speaker 1: describe the results, in the absence of any other clues

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Speaker 1: of faccinity, was published in the national press to see

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Speaker 1: if the handwriting would be recognized, with the inevitable result

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Speaker 1: that hundreds of copycat letters were sent to them Met

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Speaker 1: and also the city of Police, all of which had

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Speaker 1: to be followed up and discounted, wasting valuable police time

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Speaker 1: and certainly Swanson. I'm sure these were it doesn't categorically

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Speaker 1: state it. I'm sure these letters were sent to Swanson

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Speaker 1: Scotland Yard along with all the other documents, and so

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Speaker 1: each day he'd have to go through these hoax letters,

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Speaker 1: which I'm sure they must have known at the time.

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Speaker 1: But looking at pertinent points, is there a name, user address,

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Speaker 1: Is there something that we can send a comfortable to investigate.

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Speaker 1: That was probably one of the biggest mistakes that the

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Speaker 1: police made in the investigation was publishing that letter, because

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Speaker 1: it just ended up wasting so many police hours and

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Speaker 1: directing work that could shooting down on a more direct basis.

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Speaker 1: And when it comes to the Saucy Jackie postcard, there's

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Speaker 1: little reason to believe it even provided any new information

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Speaker 1: to the police, which was the only reason for them

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Speaker 1: to give it any attention. In the first place. Here's

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Speaker 1: Paul beg once again. It's now thought possible that it

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Speaker 1: could have been posted after the details of the murder

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Speaker 1: were published, and neither Dear Boss nor Saucy Jackie are

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Speaker 1: really now believed to have been written by the murderer

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Speaker 1: at all, but they certainly contributed considerably to the notoriety

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Speaker 1: of this series of murders. As if the murderers weren't

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Speaker 1: already notorious enough, Donald Swanson's investigation and his desk were

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Speaker 1: snowed under, that might have been the end of the

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Speaker 1: leads for the police to follow. But unfortunately, the letter

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Speaker 1: wasn't the only one claiming firsthand knowledge of what happened

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Speaker 1: on the night of the so called double event. There

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Speaker 1: were witnesses who all came forward with their own testimony,

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Speaker 1: and Donald Swanson and his team at Scotland Yard weren't

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Speaker 1: the only ones on the case. Another inquest, another moment

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Speaker 1: to shine for a win. Baxter. Elizabeth Stride had died

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Speaker 1: in Duttfield Yard only a few days before, and Baxter's

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Speaker 1: inimitable hand rested on the proceedings. Once again. His questioning

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Speaker 1: brought in the same cacophony of voices that Donald Swanson

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Speaker 1: was trying to compose into something that sounded clear, and

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Speaker 1: when it came to assessing Liz Stride's death, Baxter had

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Speaker 1: to do the same. So he called in the whole roster,

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Speaker 1: the steward of the Socialist club at Dutfield Yard, the

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Speaker 1: neighbors on Berner Street, the doctor who responded to the

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Speaker 1: scene and examined Liz Stride's wounds, even members of a

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Speaker 1: club who were there that night and had seen Liz

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Speaker 1: Stride's body just outside their walls. He called in plenty

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Speaker 1: of constables from the area to describe the night. He

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Speaker 1: called in a widow who had lived in a Spittlefield's

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Speaker 1: lodging house with Liz Stride for six years, who identified

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Speaker 1: the body as the woman she knew as long Liz.

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Speaker 1: The surgeon, Dr Phillips, testified as well. He described how

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Speaker 1: he had worked together with a local doctor on the

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Speaker 1: post mortem examination and detailed the bruises on Liz Stride's shoulders,

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Speaker 1: marks that were made as if strong hands had brutally

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Speaker 1: thrown her down, though he couldn't tell if they were

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Speaker 1: from the night she was killed or earlier. In fact,

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Speaker 1: over multiple days, when Baxter called back, both doctors to

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Speaker 1: give minute details about Stride's body, her position, the exact

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Speaker 1: depth of the cut across her neck, what was in

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Speaker 1: her hands, and what was in her stomach. None of it, though,

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Speaker 1: turned up, and he clues to the killer or leads

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Speaker 1: for the police to follow. It was as if the

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Speaker 1: coroner was following a confused trail. The earlier cases had

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Speaker 1: him and Dr Phillips asking if a surgeon could be

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Speaker 1: behind the killings. Now he was chasing after any sign

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Speaker 1: that would build on or contradict any aspect of the

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Speaker 1: profile he had sketched out with Phillips from the earlier murders.

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Speaker 1: But Liz Stride's inquest simply did not reveal anything new

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Speaker 1: to go on. Curiously, though, there was one significant person

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Speaker 1: who did not appear at the inquest, Israel Schwartz, the

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Speaker 1: Jewish Hungarian, the man who had seen the attack. That

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Speaker 1: wasn't because he dodged the authorities, though far from it.

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Speaker 1: Together with an interpreter, Israel Schwartz went to the London

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Speaker 1: Street Police station on the day he had seen the

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Speaker 1: murder of Liz Stride. That's where he gave the testimony

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Speaker 1: that Donald Swanson would include in his reports. He knew

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Speaker 1: he had witnessed the crime in question. In fact, Inspector

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Speaker 1: Aberleine had been on hand, and in a later report

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Speaker 1: described their encounter. I questioned Israel Schwartz very closely at

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Speaker 1: the time he made the statement. Aberleine wrote, as to

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Speaker 1: whom the man addressed when he called Lipski, but he

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Speaker 1: was unable to say. Schwartz, being a foreigner and unable

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Speaker 1: to speak English, became alarmed and ran away. No doubt

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Speaker 1: it was Aberleine's interrogation of Schwartz that formed the basis

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Speaker 1: of Donald Swanson's report too. But there were a few

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Speaker 1: things that Aberleine wanted to clear up, because that shout

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Speaker 1: the name Lipsky was likely to be confusing. Aberleine wrote

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Speaker 1: that since a Jew named Lipski was hanged for the

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Speaker 1: murder of a Jewess in eight seven, the name was

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Speaker 1: very frequently been used by persons to insult the Jew

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Speaker 1: to whom it has been addressed, and when it was

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Speaker 1: shouted at Schwartz, Inspector Aberline rights, I am of the

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Speaker 1: opinion it was addressed to him. As he stopped to

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Speaker 1: look at the man he saw ill using the deceased woman.

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Speaker 1: So there's no question that Schwartz was closely questioned by

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Speaker 1: the police, and Donald Swanson even makes a note that

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Speaker 1: by all accounts, it seemed like the man was telling

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Speaker 1: the truth. At the very least, Israel Schwartz convinced the

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Speaker 1: inspectors working on the case that he had really seen

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Speaker 1: the attack that killed Liz Stride. One thing that makes

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Speaker 1: it all more puzzling that Israel Schwartz did not appear

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Speaker 1: at Liz stride inquest. The coroner in the eight seven

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Speaker 1: Lipsky murder case was none other than Win Baxter. After all,

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Speaker 1: that murder had been in the same neighborhood where Liz

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Speaker 1: Stride had been killed. Here's Paul beg once again to

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Speaker 1: tell us more about that case. Israel Lipsky lived in

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Speaker 1: Batty Street, which was a street adjacent to Burner Street,

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Speaker 1: which is where Stride was molded. A fellow lodger in

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Speaker 1: the house was a young woman named Miriam Angel, and

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Speaker 1: in June of seven, she was poisoned with nitric acid.

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Speaker 1: On nitric acid, it also appears that Lipsky had tried

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00:16:37,760 --> 00:16:40,800
Speaker 1: to commit suicide by drinking the acid too, but he

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00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:44,800
Speaker 1: didn't die, and when he had recovered, he was charged

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Speaker 1: and tried and convicted of murdering Miriam Angel. He denied

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00:16:50,160 --> 00:16:53,680
Speaker 1: having done so, and a lot of people believed him,

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00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:57,200
Speaker 1: but the jury wasn't amongst them, and he was sentenced

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00:16:57,240 --> 00:17:01,720
Speaker 1: to hang. There was a great deal of effort to

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00:17:01,800 --> 00:17:05,600
Speaker 1: try and persuade the Home Secretary to commute the sentence,

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Speaker 1: but Henry Matthews refused to do so, and Lipsky then

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00:17:11,080 --> 00:17:14,320
Speaker 1: wrote a confession shortly before he went to the gallows.

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Speaker 1: Many people still entertained doubt about his guilt. However, the

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00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:24,159
Speaker 1: name we had told Lipsky was briefly used as a

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Speaker 1: term of insult. It was just one more event that

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Speaker 1: had sown seeds of hatred and suspicion in London, especially

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00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:35,520
Speaker 1: of London Jews, connecting them to stories of crime and violence.

301
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Speaker 1: That's how the name had come to be a slur.

302
00:17:38,240 --> 00:17:42,080
Speaker 1: Shouting Lipsky was about turning that hatred and suspicion into

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00:17:42,119 --> 00:17:45,040
Speaker 1: a weapon, especially at a time when someone was killing

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00:17:45,080 --> 00:17:48,720
Speaker 1: women in the Jewish and immigrant neighborhoods of London, and

305
00:17:48,800 --> 00:17:51,080
Speaker 1: none of the officials trying to untie the knots at

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00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:53,600
Speaker 1: the center of the Whitechapel murders would have known this

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00:17:53,640 --> 00:17:57,640
Speaker 1: better than when Baxter he had conducted Miriam Angel's inquest

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00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:01,440
Speaker 1: one step in Lipsky's march toward the gallows, and Inspector

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Speaker 1: Aberleine wrote in his report that Israel Schwartz did see

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Speaker 1: the body of Liz Stride together with his interpreter. Aberleine

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00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:11,440
Speaker 1: says he was taken to the mortuary and he confirmed

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Speaker 1: that she was the woman he had seen attacked on

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Speaker 1: Berner Street. So what made Schwartz disappear at this point,

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00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:21,600
Speaker 1: it's hard to know. It could be that his testimony

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00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:24,399
Speaker 1: became less trusted over time, or it could be that

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00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:27,119
Speaker 1: the police themselves held him out of the public eye

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00:18:27,920 --> 00:18:32,160
Speaker 1: well almost you see, before he vanished from the public record,

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Speaker 1: he was run to ground by a journalist from the Star.

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Speaker 1: A reporter heard that he was giving a statement to

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00:18:37,359 --> 00:18:40,560
Speaker 1: the police and followed him home to back Church Lane,

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00:18:40,600 --> 00:18:43,919
Speaker 1: where he took down a wild version of Israel schwartz testimony.

322
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Speaker 1: The embellishments on the police account included a man chasing

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Speaker 1: Schwartz with a knife, but what Israel told the reporter

324
00:18:50,320 --> 00:18:53,879
Speaker 1: also repeats his description of Liz strides attacker, a man

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Speaker 1: about thirty years old, dressed respectably in dark clothes, and

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Speaker 1: a felt hat, a man whose face he had been

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00:19:00,240 --> 00:19:02,280
Speaker 1: well enough in the dark to tell that he had

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00:19:02,320 --> 00:19:06,320
Speaker 1: a brown mustache. After that statement was published in the Star,

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00:19:06,440 --> 00:19:12,119
Speaker 1: though Israel Schwartz disappeared. Here's Paul Beg. Once again, we

330
00:19:12,240 --> 00:19:14,800
Speaker 1: know that another witness in the street who had also

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00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:18,760
Speaker 1: seen nothing, but whose testimony was relevant to what was

332
00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:22,280
Speaker 1: happening or rather not happening in burn The Street at

333
00:19:22,280 --> 00:19:26,040
Speaker 1: the time of the murders. She wasn't called either. So

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00:19:26,359 --> 00:19:29,640
Speaker 1: it's possible that the police were keeping Schwartz under wraps,

335
00:19:29,760 --> 00:19:33,760
Speaker 1: which they shouldn't really have done and assuming they were

336
00:19:33,840 --> 00:19:37,400
Speaker 1: doing it, or rather they shouldn't have done it, assuming

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00:19:37,440 --> 00:19:40,000
Speaker 1: that they did it at all, Or it's possible that

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00:19:40,080 --> 00:19:44,800
Speaker 1: Schwartz gave his testimony and camera or off the public record,

339
00:19:45,240 --> 00:19:48,359
Speaker 1: or finally that he'd gone to ground and the police

340
00:19:48,359 --> 00:19:52,600
Speaker 1: couldn't find him. Whether he disappeared in police custody or

341
00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:55,960
Speaker 1: under his own power, Israel Schwartz wasn't the only person

342
00:19:56,040 --> 00:19:58,560
Speaker 1: to give a statement to the papers but then never

343
00:19:58,680 --> 00:20:02,480
Speaker 1: appeared at Win Baxter inquest. That distinction also goes to

344
00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:06,399
Speaker 1: Mrs Mortimer and her man with his black bag, leaving

345
00:20:06,440 --> 00:20:09,240
Speaker 1: her out of the inquest. Is slightly less puzzling, though.

346
00:20:09,520 --> 00:20:11,600
Speaker 1: As a matter of fact, the shining black bag she

347
00:20:11,640 --> 00:20:14,320
Speaker 1: described was one of the easiest matters for the police

348
00:20:14,320 --> 00:20:18,040
Speaker 1: to clear up. That's because after reading Mrs Mortimer's testimony

349
00:20:18,040 --> 00:20:21,399
Speaker 1: in the paper, a man named Leon Goldstein followed Israel

350
00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:24,719
Speaker 1: Schwartz's example and arrived at the Lenham Street police station.

351
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Speaker 1: He was the man who matched Mrs Mortimer's description. He

352
00:20:28,160 --> 00:20:31,200
Speaker 1: said he had left a coffee shop in Spectacle Alley

353
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Speaker 1: a few minutes before and he was walking home. That

354
00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:36,960
Speaker 1: put him on Berner Street at around the time of

355
00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:40,040
Speaker 1: the murder. And he said he hadn't seen anything, but

356
00:20:40,119 --> 00:20:42,080
Speaker 1: he was sure that he was the one the neighbor

357
00:20:42,119 --> 00:20:44,760
Speaker 1: had seen because in his hand he had a set

358
00:20:44,800 --> 00:20:48,160
Speaker 1: of cigarette boxes, recently assembled and ready to be delivered

359
00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:50,480
Speaker 1: to a shop where they could be filled. Of course,

360
00:20:50,520 --> 00:20:54,160
Speaker 1: he was carrying those cigarette boxes in a shiny black bag.

361
00:20:55,520 --> 00:20:58,320
Speaker 1: Leon Goldstein, it seems, simply had the bad fortune of

362
00:20:58,359 --> 00:21:01,399
Speaker 1: walking through the neighborhood at the time. But through the

363
00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:04,840
Speaker 1: testimony of Mrs Mortimer printed in the Evening News, his

364
00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:09,040
Speaker 1: brisk walk turned from ordinary to ominous. Here's Paul Beg

365
00:21:09,160 --> 00:21:14,240
Speaker 1: once again the contents of his black bag were utterly harmless,

366
00:21:14,280 --> 00:21:19,000
Speaker 1: and Mr Goldstein went on his way, but his black

367
00:21:19,040 --> 00:21:21,960
Speaker 1: bag stayed in the public's mind and added to the

368
00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:26,520
Speaker 1: image of the top the the upper class gent with

369
00:21:26,560 --> 00:21:30,359
Speaker 1: a top hat, wearing a cape, and always carrying a

370
00:21:30,440 --> 00:21:33,960
Speaker 1: black bag. The bag is iconic in the story of

371
00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:37,520
Speaker 1: Jack the Ripper, as much as the dear stalker hat

372
00:21:37,800 --> 00:21:41,920
Speaker 1: is iconic in the image of Sherlock Holmes. So Leon

373
00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:47,159
Speaker 1: Goldstein inadvertently gave rise to this this myth of the

374
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Speaker 1: black bag, and the police didn't help because they never

375
00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:53,959
Speaker 1: released the story of Mr Goldstein to the press, so

376
00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:58,360
Speaker 1: it was never significantly reported. In fact, Goldstein's testimony at

377
00:21:58,359 --> 00:22:00,760
Speaker 1: the Lehman Street station would stay tucked away in the

378
00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:04,320
Speaker 1: police files for decades, like so many of Donald Swanson's

379
00:22:04,400 --> 00:22:07,960
Speaker 1: observations and conclusions. So as far as the press of

380
00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:11,560
Speaker 1: the public knew, Mrs Mortimer's fleeing man with the mysterious

381
00:22:11,600 --> 00:22:15,240
Speaker 1: black bag had vanished into the night, and in the

382
00:22:15,320 --> 00:22:19,119
Speaker 1: time that followed, with fear, uncertainty, and doubt simmering in

383
00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:22,679
Speaker 1: the minds of everyone fascinated by the murders, the mysterious

384
00:22:22,720 --> 00:22:26,360
Speaker 1: black bag would loom large thousands of paper boxes were

385
00:22:26,359 --> 00:22:29,440
Speaker 1: assembled at East End homes and then delivered to match

386
00:22:29,520 --> 00:22:32,640
Speaker 1: factories and cigarette shops in bags and boxes of all

387
00:22:32,720 --> 00:22:36,119
Speaker 1: kinds at home. Assembly was the gig work of London,

388
00:22:36,400 --> 00:22:41,280
Speaker 1: a crucial cog in the Empire's grandest manufacturing giants. But

389
00:22:41,359 --> 00:22:44,240
Speaker 1: despite simply being a testament to the kinds of factory

390
00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:48,160
Speaker 1: work done in the East End Leon Goldstein's Shiny Black Bag,

391
00:22:48,600 --> 00:22:53,040
Speaker 1: but instead assume the mythic proportions of the killer himself.

392
00:22:58,040 --> 00:23:02,080
Speaker 1: Katherine Etto's inquest was different matter altogether, and there was

393
00:23:02,080 --> 00:23:04,960
Speaker 1: a different man in the lead her murder in Miters

394
00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:07,760
Speaker 1: Square took the case not only into the jurisdiction of

395
00:23:07,800 --> 00:23:11,159
Speaker 1: the London City Police, but also across into the jurisdiction

396
00:23:11,320 --> 00:23:15,920
Speaker 1: of a different corner. He opened proceedings on October four,

397
00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:18,720
Speaker 1: and though it was a different man calling the witnesses

398
00:23:18,800 --> 00:23:21,439
Speaker 1: and guiding the jury through the process of determining the

399
00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:24,199
Speaker 1: cause of death, there was much about the process that

400
00:23:24,280 --> 00:23:28,199
Speaker 1: was familiar. Catherine's sister Eliza appeared at the inquest and

401
00:23:28,280 --> 00:23:31,080
Speaker 1: offered the first hints about her life with Thomas, the

402
00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:35,320
Speaker 1: traveling and the storytelling. Her recent partner, John Kelly, filled

403
00:23:35,320 --> 00:23:37,760
Speaker 1: in the picture of their life in lodging houses and

404
00:23:37,840 --> 00:23:41,080
Speaker 1: trips to the hops fields. The deep grief they expressed,

405
00:23:41,080 --> 00:23:44,280
Speaker 1: echoes the other families whose voices come to us out

406
00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:47,240
Speaker 1: of each inquest, telling the stories of women who could

407
00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:51,560
Speaker 1: not be brought back from the grave. Constable Watkins gave

408
00:23:51,600 --> 00:23:55,320
Speaker 1: his testimony the circuits around the synagogue and through Miters Square,

409
00:23:55,680 --> 00:23:58,480
Speaker 1: the gruesome discovery by the light of his lantern of

410
00:23:58,520 --> 00:24:01,919
Speaker 1: the violence that the killer had to Catherine. But with

411
00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:05,320
Speaker 1: different minds at work, new assumptions and new models of

412
00:24:05,359 --> 00:24:08,880
Speaker 1: thinking were brought to bear. Take for instance, Dr Frederick

413
00:24:08,920 --> 00:24:12,560
Speaker 1: Gordon Brown. He was the surgeon who examined Catherine's body,

414
00:24:12,880 --> 00:24:15,359
Speaker 1: both at the scene and later in the mortuary for

415
00:24:15,480 --> 00:24:18,919
Speaker 1: her full post mortem. So he learned and informed the

416
00:24:18,920 --> 00:24:21,720
Speaker 1: police and the coroner that the murderer had cut away

417
00:24:21,840 --> 00:24:27,400
Speaker 1: Katherine Etto's uterus and one kidney. But where previous examinations

418
00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:29,679
Speaker 1: had put forward the idea that a surgeon would have

419
00:24:29,720 --> 00:24:33,160
Speaker 1: carried out these mutilations, Dr Brown took a different direction.

420
00:24:33,920 --> 00:24:37,600
Speaker 1: I cannot assign any reason for these parts being taken away,

421
00:24:37,640 --> 00:24:40,400
Speaker 1: he said. The parts removed would be of no use

422
00:24:40,480 --> 00:24:44,720
Speaker 1: for any professional purpose. And yes, although it would take

423
00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:47,640
Speaker 1: someone with significant knowledge to remove the organs the way

424
00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:51,240
Speaker 1: they had. It didn't need to be a doctor. Such knowledge,

425
00:24:51,280 --> 00:24:54,639
Speaker 1: he suggested, might be possessed by someone in the habit

426
00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:58,240
Speaker 1: of cutting up animals. The trail, in other words, could

427
00:24:58,320 --> 00:25:00,880
Speaker 1: lead to a surgical office. It it could also lead

428
00:25:00,880 --> 00:25:04,720
Speaker 1: to a slaughterhouse or a butcher's shop as well. And

429
00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:08,240
Speaker 1: then on October five, Donald Swanson received a third letter

430
00:25:08,320 --> 00:25:11,679
Speaker 1: in red ink from the journalists at the Central News Agency.

431
00:25:11,840 --> 00:25:14,920
Speaker 1: Once again, it made wild claims about the murders. The

432
00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:18,320
Speaker 1: handwriting in red mocked the efforts of his investigation and

433
00:25:18,440 --> 00:25:21,760
Speaker 1: threatened that every sex worker in London would receive God's

434
00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:25,680
Speaker 1: judgment through the hand of the Whitechapel murderer. This time

435
00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:29,000
Speaker 1: the letter ended threatening three murders at once, but that

436
00:25:29,080 --> 00:25:33,000
Speaker 1: pushed it beyond the bounds of believability. If Swanson, Aberline

437
00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:36,080
Speaker 1: and Warren had previously considered whether the letters they were

438
00:25:36,080 --> 00:25:39,120
Speaker 1: getting from the Central News could be genuine, this put

439
00:25:39,160 --> 00:25:41,760
Speaker 1: a stop to it. There was no real question for

440
00:25:41,800 --> 00:25:45,199
Speaker 1: them after that. The journalist who passed it along, Tom Bulling,

441
00:25:45,480 --> 00:25:48,600
Speaker 1: was the one responsible for writing the notes and also

442
00:25:48,680 --> 00:25:51,360
Speaker 1: then for drawing the police into his own little mind

443
00:25:51,400 --> 00:25:56,040
Speaker 1: games and away from the trail of the real killer. However,

444
00:25:56,119 --> 00:25:58,760
Speaker 1: furious the police were that he had invented a story

445
00:25:58,800 --> 00:26:00,679
Speaker 1: out of thin air, they just eidd it was not

446
00:26:00,800 --> 00:26:04,159
Speaker 1: best to unmask him for the public. Charles Warren wrote

447
00:26:04,200 --> 00:26:06,679
Speaker 1: saying he believed the letters were frauds, but with nothing

448
00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:09,560
Speaker 1: more compelling to go on, it was too little, too late.

449
00:26:10,080 --> 00:26:13,000
Speaker 1: Just like the Black Bag, the Red Ink letters were

450
00:26:13,200 --> 00:26:15,880
Speaker 1: Jack the Ripper now, and the powers of Tom Bulling's

451
00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:20,840
Speaker 1: imagination had made them a reality. But Bullyings mind games

452
00:26:20,840 --> 00:26:24,160
Speaker 1: weren't the only ones being played that month. On October six,

453
00:26:24,400 --> 00:26:26,920
Speaker 1: Bryant and May told the police that they had received

454
00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:29,320
Speaker 1: a letter of their own, which they turned over to

455
00:26:29,320 --> 00:26:33,200
Speaker 1: the authorities for examination. Of course, like almost everyone else,

456
00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:35,959
Speaker 1: they also told what they knew to the press, and

457
00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:39,240
Speaker 1: that was published that Monday in the Daily News. Here's

458
00:26:39,359 --> 00:26:43,760
Speaker 1: Dr Louise raw to read it for us. I here

459
00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:46,080
Speaker 1: by notify you that I'm going to pay your girls

460
00:26:46,119 --> 00:26:48,920
Speaker 1: a visit. I hear they are beginning to say what

461
00:26:48,960 --> 00:26:52,159
Speaker 1: they will do with me. I'm going to see what

462
00:26:52,280 --> 00:26:55,679
Speaker 1: a fifth have have in their stomachs, army, and I

463
00:26:55,720 --> 00:26:57,760
Speaker 1: will take it out of them so that they will

464
00:26:57,800 --> 00:27:01,359
Speaker 1: have no more to do on the quiet. It signed

465
00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:06,560
Speaker 1: John Ripper p s. I am in Poplar today. Well,

466
00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:10,120
Speaker 1: it's an incredible letter, whether or not it was a hoax.

467
00:27:10,480 --> 00:27:13,879
Speaker 1: What it says is so revealing, even a few lines

468
00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:17,639
Speaker 1: if we break it down. So this person says, the

469
00:27:17,800 --> 00:27:21,560
Speaker 1: reason who's going to attack the match women is I

470
00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:24,000
Speaker 1: hear they are beginning to say what they will do

471
00:27:24,080 --> 00:27:26,960
Speaker 1: with me? Well, what does that mean? That means that

472
00:27:27,000 --> 00:27:33,040
Speaker 1: the match women, rather than being understandably terrified that there

473
00:27:33,160 --> 00:27:37,399
Speaker 1: is a killers talking their streets, are furious because what

474
00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:39,240
Speaker 1: this means they're going to say what they will do

475
00:27:39,320 --> 00:27:42,160
Speaker 1: with me? They're presumably saying, right, we're going to find

476
00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:45,320
Speaker 1: that bastard, wait till we get our hands on him.

477
00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:50,240
Speaker 1: They are threatening the Ripper basically, and why wouldn't they.

478
00:27:50,280 --> 00:27:52,680
Speaker 1: After all, they were women who knew their own strength,

479
00:27:52,840 --> 00:27:55,560
Speaker 1: and they had a union to build. As horrifying as

480
00:27:55,600 --> 00:27:58,400
Speaker 1: they were, the murderers weren't going to stop them. These

481
00:27:58,440 --> 00:28:01,440
Speaker 1: women had already faced down the factory bosses, the middle

482
00:28:01,480 --> 00:28:05,639
Speaker 1: class journalists, and even the esteemed members of parliament. Many

483
00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:08,439
Speaker 1: Londoners may have been frozen in fear, but women like

484
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:10,720
Speaker 1: Mary Driscoll and the others of her union in the

485
00:28:10,760 --> 00:28:13,679
Speaker 1: match factory weren't going to let the vicious attacks against

486
00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:16,880
Speaker 1: their neighbors and the threats against them stop them from

487
00:28:16,920 --> 00:28:21,439
Speaker 1: banding together and fighting for their lives. The union was

488
00:28:21,680 --> 00:28:27,119
Speaker 1: really active and they were probably more concerned and busy

489
00:28:27,200 --> 00:28:30,800
Speaker 1: with that than they would have been worrying about the rip.

490
00:28:30,800 --> 00:28:33,240
Speaker 1: I'm not saying they didn't worry. I'm sure when they

491
00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:35,639
Speaker 1: walked down the streets at night they were concerned. But

492
00:28:35,680 --> 00:28:39,680
Speaker 1: you see, they were always in danger. The Eastern was

493
00:28:39,840 --> 00:28:43,080
Speaker 1: never a safe space if you were a working class women,

494
00:28:43,120 --> 00:28:45,640
Speaker 1: so they always traveled in gangs. They had to be

495
00:28:45,680 --> 00:28:49,520
Speaker 1: prepared to come out fighting and no questions asked. So

496
00:28:50,280 --> 00:28:52,440
Speaker 1: I think in that respect they would have been much

497
00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:55,479
Speaker 1: more careful, but they were always used to being careful.

498
00:28:55,520 --> 00:28:58,320
Speaker 1: They were always used to being on their guard and

499
00:28:58,400 --> 00:29:02,800
Speaker 1: to not being particularly so. But if the match women

500
00:29:02,920 --> 00:29:05,520
Speaker 1: and the other white chapel working people were focused on

501
00:29:05,600 --> 00:29:08,480
Speaker 1: fighting for their dignity in the face of opponents. Besides

502
00:29:08,560 --> 00:29:12,000
Speaker 1: the undiscovered killer, much of London and the reading public

503
00:29:12,040 --> 00:29:15,240
Speaker 1: beyond the city was only becoming more engrossed in the case.

504
00:29:15,760 --> 00:29:18,040
Speaker 1: The letters that arrived with the press and the police

505
00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:21,240
Speaker 1: flew in from amateur detectives across the country who saw

506
00:29:21,280 --> 00:29:24,760
Speaker 1: patterns and possibilities in the newspaper reporting. They felt the

507
00:29:24,760 --> 00:29:27,600
Speaker 1: police had missed and they let the officers know it.

508
00:29:28,040 --> 00:29:30,320
Speaker 1: They begged for the police to spend more time in

509
00:29:30,360 --> 00:29:33,520
Speaker 1: the White Chapel sewers. They suggested that the police should

510
00:29:33,560 --> 00:29:35,920
Speaker 1: follow the trail of a knife hand from the slaughter

511
00:29:35,960 --> 00:29:39,280
Speaker 1: houses in the East End. But it wasn't just amateurs

512
00:29:39,280 --> 00:29:42,680
Speaker 1: pitching in. After the Daily News published two sketches of

513
00:29:42,760 --> 00:29:45,239
Speaker 1: a stout man based on the description of a man

514
00:29:45,320 --> 00:29:47,959
Speaker 1: the constables had seen with Liz Stride in the hours

515
00:29:48,000 --> 00:29:50,959
Speaker 1: before her murder, a letter arrived at Scotland Yard from

516
00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:54,080
Speaker 1: the police in France. Passed through the consulates and the

517
00:29:54,120 --> 00:29:57,240
Speaker 1: Home Office. It said a man who much resembles the

518
00:29:57,280 --> 00:30:00,280
Speaker 1: picture of the supposed murderer had been arrest As Dion,

519
00:30:01,160 --> 00:30:04,520
Speaker 1: Warren and Swanson spent valuable time writing back and forth

520
00:30:04,560 --> 00:30:07,240
Speaker 1: with the Home Office and the Consulate. They determined the

521
00:30:07,280 --> 00:30:10,640
Speaker 1: man's identity and traced his movements back to England. In

522
00:30:10,680 --> 00:30:12,720
Speaker 1: the end they confirmed that the man was simply a

523
00:30:12,800 --> 00:30:15,560
Speaker 1: laborer who had crossed the Channel looking for work. They

524
00:30:15,560 --> 00:30:19,880
Speaker 1: were convinced he was not the man required in the

525
00:30:19,920 --> 00:30:23,440
Speaker 1: midst of this postal barrage, one more parcel was delivered,

526
00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:25,920
Speaker 1: this time not to the police, but to the desk

527
00:30:25,960 --> 00:30:28,560
Speaker 1: of the man who chaired the White Chapel Vigilance Committee

528
00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:31,520
Speaker 1: ever since they had organized the local business owners to

529
00:30:31,600 --> 00:30:34,640
Speaker 1: lobby for a government reward. The committee had been led

530
00:30:34,680 --> 00:30:38,760
Speaker 1: by a builder and decorator named George Lusk, and on

531
00:30:38,800 --> 00:30:42,640
Speaker 1: October six a package arrived on his desk, a small

532
00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:46,040
Speaker 1: cardboard box that had a letter inside. It sent Lusk

533
00:30:46,120 --> 00:30:48,800
Speaker 1: running for a local doctor and then to the Lennon

534
00:30:48,920 --> 00:30:51,880
Speaker 1: Street police station, where it could be examined, photographed and

535
00:30:51,960 --> 00:30:55,360
Speaker 1: passed along to Donald Swanson and then of course circulated

536
00:30:55,360 --> 00:30:59,040
Speaker 1: between the Metropolitan and City police because the contents of

537
00:30:59,080 --> 00:31:03,520
Speaker 1: the package were horrifying. The letter itself said the package

538
00:31:03,560 --> 00:31:07,240
Speaker 1: held half the kidney taken from one woman. The other half,

539
00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:10,760
Speaker 1: the writer said, had been fried and eaten. It ended

540
00:31:10,800 --> 00:31:13,920
Speaker 1: with a line that was half threat, half offer. I

541
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:16,240
Speaker 1: may send you the bloody knife that took it out

542
00:31:16,600 --> 00:31:19,600
Speaker 1: if you only wait a while longer, catch me when

543
00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:24,160
Speaker 1: you can, Mr Lusk, as promised, The package held half

544
00:31:24,200 --> 00:31:27,720
Speaker 1: a kidney alongside the letter. The doctors who examined it

545
00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:30,200
Speaker 1: all agreed it was the kidney of an adult human.

546
00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:33,959
Speaker 1: Both police forces attempted to trace the sender, but their

547
00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:37,880
Speaker 1: efforts failed. There was a return address, though, but it

548
00:31:37,920 --> 00:31:41,680
Speaker 1: didn't help the police. Nevertheless, it's been pinned to Jack

549
00:31:41,720 --> 00:31:44,800
Speaker 1: the Ripper ever since. At the top of the paper

550
00:31:45,320 --> 00:31:53,440
Speaker 1: it was said to come from hell. It was becoming

551
00:31:53,440 --> 00:31:56,880
Speaker 1: the fashion, it seems. Who wasn't writing to the police.

552
00:31:57,760 --> 00:32:00,800
Speaker 1: In an open letter published in The Times on October two,

553
00:32:00,960 --> 00:32:04,360
Speaker 1: the clerk of the Whitechapel Board of Works lambasted Charles

554
00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:07,640
Speaker 1: Warren for failing to catch the murderer. It passed along

555
00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:10,000
Speaker 1: the horror of the board and it urged Warren to

556
00:32:10,080 --> 00:32:13,440
Speaker 1: strengthen the police presence in the East End. The next day,

557
00:32:13,760 --> 00:32:18,880
Speaker 1: Charles Warren returned fire. He offered a predictable response to it, simply,

558
00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:22,600
Speaker 1: wasn't his fault, So where did the blame lie? Well,

559
00:32:22,640 --> 00:32:25,840
Speaker 1: he suggested that the women of Whitechapel, in his words,

560
00:32:26,240 --> 00:32:30,040
Speaker 1: connived at their own destruction. They were asking for it,

561
00:32:30,200 --> 00:32:32,880
Speaker 1: he seemed to say, if they were willing to sell sex.

562
00:32:33,400 --> 00:32:36,160
Speaker 1: If a brutal murderer took their lives in the midst

563
00:32:36,160 --> 00:32:40,040
Speaker 1: of that transaction, the police weren't to be blamed. To

564
00:32:40,120 --> 00:32:43,040
Speaker 1: be honest, it was a disgusting instance of blaming the

565
00:32:43,120 --> 00:32:46,120
Speaker 1: victims for the crimes they suffered. It was one more

566
00:32:46,240 --> 00:32:48,840
Speaker 1: terrible piece of evidence that the police did not see

567
00:32:48,920 --> 00:32:51,760
Speaker 1: the women of Whitechapel as people they were meant to serve.

568
00:32:52,920 --> 00:32:55,200
Speaker 1: But if that wasn't enough, he wrote to the clerk

569
00:32:55,280 --> 00:32:58,880
Speaker 1: that the police had already strained every nerve to catch

570
00:32:58,920 --> 00:33:01,520
Speaker 1: the murderer and act. He said, if the board wanted

571
00:33:01,520 --> 00:33:03,800
Speaker 1: the police to get results, then they shouldn't push to

572
00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:06,840
Speaker 1: make police actions public. The very fact that the Board

573
00:33:06,840 --> 00:33:09,440
Speaker 1: of Works was unaware of what Scotland Yard was doing

574
00:33:09,640 --> 00:33:12,840
Speaker 1: was a sign, in fact, strong proof that the police

575
00:33:12,880 --> 00:33:16,640
Speaker 1: were doing their work with the necessary secrecy and efficiency.

576
00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:20,760
Speaker 1: How convenient was that, But October was the month when

577
00:33:20,760 --> 00:33:24,120
Speaker 1: the police would set aside their precious secrecy and efficiency.

578
00:33:24,160 --> 00:33:27,600
Speaker 1: Because however much Charles Warren might cast blame elsewhere and

579
00:33:27,680 --> 00:33:31,640
Speaker 1: dismissed the criticisms against him, he knew the Metropolitan Police

580
00:33:31,680 --> 00:33:34,320
Speaker 1: were failing in their task. It wasn't just the man

581
00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:37,480
Speaker 1: hunt that strained Warren's nerves either. There were also the

582
00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:41,880
Speaker 1: increasingly urgent demands from the Home Secretary to produce some results.

583
00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:46,120
Speaker 1: The notes from Secretary Matthews make him sound somewhat understanding

584
00:33:46,200 --> 00:33:49,320
Speaker 1: and cooperative at the beginning of the month, authorizing money

585
00:33:49,360 --> 00:33:53,120
Speaker 1: for Warren to station dogs throughout Whitechapel and making suggestions

586
00:33:53,160 --> 00:33:55,920
Speaker 1: for how to use them things of that nature. But

587
00:33:56,040 --> 00:34:00,280
Speaker 1: within two weeks matters were not so pleasant, and ARLs

588
00:34:00,280 --> 00:34:03,400
Speaker 1: Warren felt that pressure. October was the month that he

589
00:34:03,440 --> 00:34:08,120
Speaker 1: would authorize monumental police action that would take Whitechapel by storm,

590
00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:11,680
Speaker 1: starting with a massive house to house search. Here's Adam

591
00:34:11,719 --> 00:34:17,000
Speaker 1: Wood to explain what we know about that mobilization. This

592
00:34:17,080 --> 00:34:20,359
Speaker 1: took place on the third of October, couple of days

593
00:34:20,400 --> 00:34:23,600
Speaker 1: after the double event murderer and Watchapel was flooded with

594
00:34:23,840 --> 00:34:26,480
Speaker 1: policing plain clothes at a house to house search was

595
00:34:26,520 --> 00:34:28,920
Speaker 1: carried out and to give an idea of the scala

596
00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:32,400
Speaker 1: that operation, the police issued some eighty tho leaflets to

597
00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:35,719
Speaker 1: the households and lodgin houses in the area, pinning for

598
00:34:35,719 --> 00:34:38,919
Speaker 1: information and in addition to the residents of the area,

599
00:34:38,960 --> 00:34:41,440
Speaker 1: more than two thousand people who were staying at the

600
00:34:41,440 --> 00:34:45,080
Speaker 1: coming lodgin houses were questioned. The thing is whether the

601
00:34:45,120 --> 00:34:48,360
Speaker 1: search was legal or not was questionable at best. It

602
00:34:48,400 --> 00:34:51,680
Speaker 1: had been suggested by an MP and pressed on Warren

603
00:34:51,719 --> 00:34:54,400
Speaker 1: by the Home Office. Warren had even passed along the

604
00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:57,480
Speaker 1: remainder that there were streets in Whitechapel quite hostile to

605
00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:00,320
Speaker 1: the police, and forcing entry might not be read it

606
00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:04,800
Speaker 1: with open arms. Warren called the plan drastic and arbitrary.

607
00:35:04,840 --> 00:35:06,960
Speaker 1: But whatever else you can say about the man, he

608
00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:10,520
Speaker 1: was certainly a loyal soldier. With the Home Office backing him,

609
00:35:10,640 --> 00:35:14,160
Speaker 1: Warren carried out the plan and he brought everything to bear.

610
00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:18,200
Speaker 1: I think it stretches the imagination that they would send

611
00:35:18,440 --> 00:35:21,400
Speaker 1: not only watch up police, but they drafted in officers

612
00:35:21,440 --> 00:35:24,719
Speaker 1: from other divisions to assist this. And they questioned every

613
00:35:24,800 --> 00:35:27,959
Speaker 1: every household, every resident, searched the rooms. As I said,

614
00:35:27,960 --> 00:35:30,239
Speaker 1: they questioned all the lodgers. I find it's a bit

615
00:35:30,360 --> 00:35:33,000
Speaker 1: unusual that they would have just done that, not knowing

616
00:35:33,040 --> 00:35:35,400
Speaker 1: what to expect. They probably had a little bit of

617
00:35:35,440 --> 00:35:39,720
Speaker 1: an under an idea or hope perhaps what they might uncover.

618
00:35:41,239 --> 00:35:44,920
Speaker 1: It was a massive operation. It started on October three,

619
00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:47,360
Speaker 1: but it took over two weeks for the Metropolitan Police

620
00:35:47,400 --> 00:35:50,400
Speaker 1: to search each and every home and lodging house. They

621
00:35:50,440 --> 00:35:53,359
Speaker 1: scooped up dozens of people in their dragnuts and they

622
00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:57,640
Speaker 1: made arrests too, and interrogations, and with an effort like that,

623
00:35:57,719 --> 00:35:59,960
Speaker 1: there were demands for an accounting from the Home set

624
00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:03,000
Speaker 1: greet Terry Matthews needed something to show that he was

625
00:36:03,040 --> 00:36:06,880
Speaker 1: doing absolutely everything in his power and driving his police

626
00:36:06,880 --> 00:36:09,680
Speaker 1: department to the same lengths, and the matter of drafting

627
00:36:09,719 --> 00:36:13,120
Speaker 1: that report felt and none other than Donald Swanson here's

628
00:36:13,160 --> 00:36:17,360
Speaker 1: Adam Wood once more. Shortly after the house to house search,

629
00:36:17,520 --> 00:36:20,319
Speaker 1: the Home Office demanded a report or an update on

630
00:36:20,360 --> 00:36:25,120
Speaker 1: the ongoing investigation, and Assistant Commissioner Robert Anderson was annoyed

631
00:36:25,400 --> 00:36:28,759
Speaker 1: at the time of this request. Um you know, he

632
00:36:28,800 --> 00:36:31,120
Speaker 1: felt he felt there was more important matters for Swanson

633
00:36:31,440 --> 00:36:33,960
Speaker 1: and the Office officers to be attending to. But nevertheless,

634
00:36:34,080 --> 00:36:36,840
Speaker 1: the report that Swanson wrote, dated the nine team of

635
00:36:36,880 --> 00:36:39,680
Speaker 1: October was obviously a prize the Home Office at the time,

636
00:36:39,719 --> 00:36:42,919
Speaker 1: but but for us researchers, it's invaluable because it gives

637
00:36:42,920 --> 00:36:46,480
Speaker 1: the clearest picture of the police investigation into the murders

638
00:36:47,080 --> 00:36:50,760
Speaker 1: at that point, and Swanson details each of the murders

639
00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:55,560
Speaker 1: going right back to Elizabeth Stride, Margaret tabram Um, Mary

640
00:36:55,560 --> 00:36:58,200
Speaker 1: and Nichols, Earn and Nannie Chapman and as well as

641
00:36:58,680 --> 00:37:02,360
Speaker 1: police investigation at that point, um And gave details of

642
00:37:02,360 --> 00:37:05,360
Speaker 1: the house to house search we just heard about. Um

643
00:37:05,440 --> 00:37:08,799
Speaker 1: And Swanson writes more than the three hundred people were investigated,

644
00:37:09,239 --> 00:37:12,439
Speaker 1: as well as seventy six, which isn't slaughter men and

645
00:37:12,520 --> 00:37:14,520
Speaker 1: all the sailors who were on at that point on

646
00:37:14,600 --> 00:37:17,759
Speaker 1: board ships in the terms or or the various East

647
00:37:17,840 --> 00:37:20,640
Speaker 1: End docs. I think all eighty of these people that

648
00:37:20,719 --> 00:37:23,799
Speaker 1: were detained would have been questioned to some degree. You know,

649
00:37:23,880 --> 00:37:28,440
Speaker 1: some we easily dismissed, another's needed to be interrogated more closely. However,

650
00:37:28,520 --> 00:37:31,640
Speaker 1: closely they were interrogated, though they didn't offer up anything

651
00:37:31,680 --> 00:37:34,920
Speaker 1: conclusive to satisfy the Home Office. They had a laundry

652
00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:38,760
Speaker 1: list of their efforts but no achievements. Suspects had been cleared,

653
00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:42,640
Speaker 1: but none had been charged. The White Chapel Vigilance Committee

654
00:37:42,680 --> 00:37:45,480
Speaker 1: had been pressing Matthew's hard, urging him to set a

655
00:37:45,560 --> 00:37:48,920
Speaker 1: large reward on the murderers capture. They had sent him

656
00:37:48,920 --> 00:37:51,600
Speaker 1: a petition to put before the Queen herself, and the

657
00:37:51,680 --> 00:37:55,959
Speaker 1: conversation wasn't one way. Matthews was also getting criticism from

658
00:37:56,000 --> 00:37:59,040
Speaker 1: above as well. Word must have filtered down to him.

659
00:37:59,239 --> 00:38:02,160
Speaker 1: The government were worried that he was bungling the administration

660
00:38:02,280 --> 00:38:05,480
Speaker 1: of the country, and the White Chapel murders were at

661
00:38:05,480 --> 00:38:08,640
Speaker 1: the center of that concern. Queen Victoria had even gone

662
00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:11,360
Speaker 1: so far as to write the Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury,

663
00:38:11,640 --> 00:38:15,440
Speaker 1: saying that the Home Secretary was doing the government's harm.

664
00:38:15,600 --> 00:38:18,719
Speaker 1: She thought that he had a general want of sympathy

665
00:38:18,840 --> 00:38:22,839
Speaker 1: with the feelings of the people. With the coroners coming

666
00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:25,880
Speaker 1: up empty and the massive police efforts falling shorts of

667
00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:30,040
Speaker 1: conclusive arrests, it was a precarious moment for Matthews, and

668
00:38:30,040 --> 00:38:34,800
Speaker 1: it gave him very little patience for someone else, Charles Warren.

669
00:38:40,080 --> 00:38:43,879
Speaker 1: On October twenty, the entire White Chapel Vigilance Committee called

670
00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:47,400
Speaker 1: it quits after receiving the package from Hell. George Lusk

671
00:38:47,600 --> 00:38:50,520
Speaker 1: just didn't have the will to go on, despite the

672
00:38:50,560 --> 00:38:53,239
Speaker 1: police efforts to trace the killer to his hidden den.

673
00:38:53,360 --> 00:38:56,000
Speaker 1: The other men who had gathered to protect their neighborhood

674
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:59,520
Speaker 1: were also discouraged. There was a lack of moral and

675
00:38:59,600 --> 00:39:03,040
Speaker 1: material real support. They felt neither their neighbors nor their

676
00:39:03,040 --> 00:39:06,160
Speaker 1: government had done enough to keep Whitechapels safe. After the

677
00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:10,400
Speaker 1: worry and anxiety and horror of that October they disbanded,

678
00:39:11,680 --> 00:39:13,719
Speaker 1: but they weren't the only ones who had had enough.

679
00:39:14,160 --> 00:39:17,400
Speaker 1: Charles Warren was right there with them. Policing London was

680
00:39:17,440 --> 00:39:20,799
Speaker 1: hardly like surveying the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, Nor was

681
00:39:20,840 --> 00:39:25,440
Speaker 1: it like rallying volunteer cavalry to ride down South African insurrectionists,

682
00:39:25,520 --> 00:39:28,720
Speaker 1: or leverage the political power of the Empire to pressure

683
00:39:28,760 --> 00:39:33,279
Speaker 1: Egyptian courts into criminal prosecutions. Warren had always been a

684
00:39:33,320 --> 00:39:36,400
Speaker 1: man of imperial service, but in London he was a

685
00:39:36,440 --> 00:39:39,520
Speaker 1: man under the imperial eye, and that meant not doing

686
00:39:39,600 --> 00:39:42,200
Speaker 1: anything to ruffle the royal feathers or to give the

687
00:39:42,239 --> 00:39:44,920
Speaker 1: government a bad name. But by the end of October

688
00:39:44,960 --> 00:39:47,200
Speaker 1: of eighteen eighty eight it seemed that he was guilty

689
00:39:47,239 --> 00:39:50,760
Speaker 1: of both, and if you remember, the year had already

690
00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:53,759
Speaker 1: been trying even before the White Chapel murders became a

691
00:39:53,800 --> 00:39:56,799
Speaker 1: press sensation. And neither were the White Chapel murders. His

692
00:39:56,840 --> 00:39:59,440
Speaker 1: first trial by fire in the press that came in

693
00:39:59,440 --> 00:40:03,200
Speaker 1: the response to his police forces beating Londoners in the streets.

694
00:40:03,920 --> 00:40:06,560
Speaker 1: And then well there was his relationship with the Home

695
00:40:06,640 --> 00:40:10,560
Speaker 1: Secretary and all the rules of being police commissioner. When

696
00:40:10,560 --> 00:40:13,080
Speaker 1: he took the post. Warren had expected to be given

697
00:40:13,120 --> 00:40:16,280
Speaker 1: free reign to pursue the development of his police forces

698
00:40:16,320 --> 00:40:20,080
Speaker 1: at his own discretion, But when Matthews became Home Secretary,

699
00:40:20,400 --> 00:40:23,080
Speaker 1: Warren found his leash was a lot shorter than he'd

700
00:40:23,080 --> 00:40:26,640
Speaker 1: hoped for. When he forced Monroe to resign over the

701
00:40:26,719 --> 00:40:29,799
Speaker 1: mcdonughton spats, he found that Monroe had then immediately been

702
00:40:29,880 --> 00:40:33,279
Speaker 1: hired into the Home Office. It's the sort of politicking

703
00:40:33,280 --> 00:40:36,360
Speaker 1: that might drive anyone up the wall, especially when Warren

704
00:40:36,440 --> 00:40:39,120
Speaker 1: learned that his Scotland Yard detectives were going to the

705
00:40:39,160 --> 00:40:41,960
Speaker 1: Home Office to meet with Monroe more often than they

706
00:40:41,960 --> 00:40:44,880
Speaker 1: were meeting with him. And when it came to using

707
00:40:44,920 --> 00:40:48,200
Speaker 1: his government power to carry out invasions of London neighborhoods

708
00:40:48,200 --> 00:40:52,840
Speaker 1: with dubious legal foundation, well maybe he was just following orders.

709
00:40:53,239 --> 00:40:55,600
Speaker 1: But Warren was done with all of that. He was

710
00:40:55,640 --> 00:40:58,440
Speaker 1: ready to break a few rules, so he took action

711
00:40:59,480 --> 00:41:01,880
Speaker 1: on the surf us. What he did may seem harmless

712
00:41:01,920 --> 00:41:04,880
Speaker 1: to us, He wrote an essay. It was published in

713
00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:08,600
Speaker 1: Murray's magazine with the title The Police of the Metropolis.

714
00:41:09,000 --> 00:41:11,680
Speaker 1: Over the course of twenty pages, Warren set out to

715
00:41:11,719 --> 00:41:14,799
Speaker 1: respond to all of the criticisms of his force. You

716
00:41:14,840 --> 00:41:17,680
Speaker 1: can almost see the anger of White Chapel citizens that

717
00:41:17,719 --> 00:41:23,040
Speaker 1: he's responding to on each and every page. In his essay,

718
00:41:23,120 --> 00:41:26,160
Speaker 1: Warren dismissed the criticisms that his police were too much

719
00:41:26,200 --> 00:41:29,399
Speaker 1: like the Imperial military. He suggested that if there were

720
00:41:29,440 --> 00:41:32,640
Speaker 1: problems in London, it was because the city's people chose

721
00:41:32,680 --> 00:41:36,520
Speaker 1: to create panics and false alarms. If his police were

722
00:41:36,520 --> 00:41:39,360
Speaker 1: better at beating people in the streets than solving crimes

723
00:41:39,360 --> 00:41:41,960
Speaker 1: in the dark, then it was simply because they were honest,

724
00:41:42,080 --> 00:41:45,719
Speaker 1: straightforward Englishmen. In fact, he declared, it was well known

725
00:41:45,760 --> 00:41:50,400
Speaker 1: among oriental and savage tribes very far afield that the

726
00:41:50,480 --> 00:41:53,440
Speaker 1: word of an Englishman could be trusted. It's a shame,

727
00:41:53,520 --> 00:41:56,560
Speaker 1: he seemed to sniff, that the people of darkest England

728
00:41:56,680 --> 00:41:59,600
Speaker 1: weren't able to see how good and honest he really was.

729
00:42:00,640 --> 00:42:03,920
Speaker 1: It's a huffing piece of writing. It tries to respond

730
00:42:03,920 --> 00:42:07,040
Speaker 1: to all the criticisms Warren and his police had received

731
00:42:07,040 --> 00:42:10,279
Speaker 1: from the public. It's sneers at foreigners and at the

732
00:42:10,280 --> 00:42:14,719
Speaker 1: malcontents of London who wouldn't take their beatings in grateful silence.

733
00:42:15,160 --> 00:42:17,160
Speaker 1: And of course there were some who didn't take too

734
00:42:17,239 --> 00:42:21,279
Speaker 1: kindly to that here's Dr Drew Gray. The article for

735
00:42:21,400 --> 00:42:24,120
Speaker 1: Laura's magazine was his chance to have a goal of

736
00:42:24,200 --> 00:42:27,719
Speaker 1: those who criticize and called for his resignation. And you

737
00:42:27,800 --> 00:42:29,520
Speaker 1: just look at the reaction of the press to it.

738
00:42:29,560 --> 00:42:32,800
Speaker 1: I mean, you know, the staff as a real go

739
00:42:33,080 --> 00:42:36,360
Speaker 1: in for me. It says I wrote this down. A

740
00:42:36,440 --> 00:42:40,239
Speaker 1: more extraordinary document never found his way into print. It

741
00:42:40,280 --> 00:42:43,040
Speaker 1: would be charitable to suppose that when he penned this

742
00:42:43,120 --> 00:42:46,560
Speaker 1: remarkable addition to the literature of Conney Hatch, Sir Charles

743
00:42:46,560 --> 00:42:50,520
Speaker 1: Warren was laboring under some unusual excitement. And for contents,

744
00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:55,600
Speaker 1: Coney Hatch is London's largest lunatic asylum. So it's it's

745
00:42:55,680 --> 00:42:59,360
Speaker 1: kind of like saying that he gone mad basically. But

746
00:42:59,480 --> 00:43:02,640
Speaker 1: the Star was inflating its claims. There were plenty of

747
00:43:02,719 --> 00:43:07,520
Speaker 1: London officials writing blithe defenses of imperial violence. There's more

748
00:43:07,560 --> 00:43:10,160
Speaker 1: to it than that, though, because by publishing such a

749
00:43:10,200 --> 00:43:13,960
Speaker 1: prominent defense of the police, Charles Warren was overstepping one

750
00:43:14,000 --> 00:43:16,359
Speaker 1: of the boundaries. He was breaking one of the Home

751
00:43:16,480 --> 00:43:20,080
Speaker 1: Secretary's rules. And if the press thought that his essays

752
00:43:20,120 --> 00:43:23,399
Speaker 1: showed that Charles Warren had gone off as rocker, while

753
00:43:23,400 --> 00:43:25,279
Speaker 1: the Home Office saw it as a sign that he

754
00:43:25,320 --> 00:43:29,680
Speaker 1: was thoroughly off his leash. Here's Adam Wood once again. Well,

755
00:43:29,840 --> 00:43:33,439
Speaker 1: it's interesting because Warren's article in itself was homeless enough.

756
00:43:33,680 --> 00:43:36,440
Speaker 1: Has just just been about police administration, didn't didn't give

757
00:43:36,480 --> 00:43:40,040
Speaker 1: any secrets away or anything that may be deemed to

758
00:43:40,120 --> 00:43:43,440
Speaker 1: make it a horrific publication, and it was quite actually

759
00:43:43,640 --> 00:43:46,520
Speaker 1: was well received by the newspaper reviews and commentators at

760
00:43:46,520 --> 00:43:50,840
Speaker 1: the time. But unsurprisingly, Warren run foul of Home Secretary

761
00:43:50,880 --> 00:43:54,000
Speaker 1: Henry Matthews yet again, who wrote to remind Warren that

762
00:43:54,040 --> 00:43:57,440
Speaker 1: it'd broken a rule that prohibited civil servants from publicly

763
00:43:57,440 --> 00:44:03,799
Speaker 1: discussing matters relating to the Kimmons, and it was a

764
00:44:03,840 --> 00:44:07,520
Speaker 1: confrontation of Warren's own making. Whatever he would say, it's

765
00:44:07,560 --> 00:44:10,200
Speaker 1: likely he knew what kind of response he'd get. That

766
00:44:10,280 --> 00:44:13,960
Speaker 1: the Home Secretary's anger was one final source of satisfaction

767
00:44:14,040 --> 00:44:17,840
Speaker 1: that offered the Police commissioner away out Browbeaten by his

768
00:44:17,880 --> 00:44:23,560
Speaker 1: superiors once again, Warren throw in the towel. On November eight,

769
00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:28,920
Speaker 1: he turned in his resignation on its own. His abandoning

770
00:44:29,040 --> 00:44:31,600
Speaker 1: his post would have shocked the city even while it

771
00:44:31,680 --> 00:44:36,280
Speaker 1: gratified his opponents, but the news reached London alongside a second,

772
00:44:36,760 --> 00:44:41,600
Speaker 1: much darker revelation. Another woman had been killed in Whitechapel,

773
00:44:42,360 --> 00:44:46,439
Speaker 1: and this one was the most horrifying murder of all.

774
00:44:48,960 --> 00:44:52,960
Speaker 1: That's it for this week's episode of Unobscured. Stick around

775
00:44:53,000 --> 00:44:56,240
Speaker 1: after this short sponsor break for a preview of what's

776
00:44:56,239 --> 00:45:02,920
Speaker 1: in store for next week. If Londoners feared that a

777
00:45:02,960 --> 00:45:06,520
Speaker 1: police force given the authority to investigate crimes would also

778
00:45:06,600 --> 00:45:10,560
Speaker 1: become a clandestine agency with a political agenda, well they

779
00:45:10,719 --> 00:45:13,680
Speaker 1: didn't have to wait long. Soon enough, a branch of

780
00:45:13,719 --> 00:45:16,400
Speaker 1: the detectives would be ferreting out members of a political

781
00:45:16,440 --> 00:45:19,880
Speaker 1: movement that we're making themselves known in London. But of course,

782
00:45:19,960 --> 00:45:22,880
Speaker 1: as these things go, certain members of the public who

783
00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:26,280
Speaker 1: might have rejected the idea of playing clothes officers sneaking

784
00:45:26,320 --> 00:45:30,080
Speaker 1: around in alleys and back gardens of Londoners might eventually

785
00:45:30,200 --> 00:45:33,520
Speaker 1: change their tune because as much as they hated a

786
00:45:33,600 --> 00:45:38,200
Speaker 1: secret police, there were other things that they feared far more.

787
00:45:54,280 --> 00:45:57,560
Speaker 1: Unobscured was created by me Aaron Manky and produced by

788
00:45:57,600 --> 00:46:01,120
Speaker 1: Matt Frederick, Alex Williams and Josh They, being in partnership

789
00:46:01,160 --> 00:46:04,280
Speaker 1: with I Heart Radio. Research and writing for this season

790
00:46:04,480 --> 00:46:06,520
Speaker 1: is all the work of my right hand man Carl

791
00:46:06,600 --> 00:46:10,279
Speaker 1: Nellis and the brilliant Chad Lawson composed the brand new soundtrack.

792
00:46:10,760 --> 00:46:14,680
Speaker 1: Learn more about our contributing historians, source material and links

793
00:46:14,719 --> 00:46:19,080
Speaker 1: to our other shows over at history unobscured dot com,

794
00:46:19,080 --> 00:46:29,880
Speaker 1: and until next time, thanks for listening Unobscured as a

795
00:46:29,920 --> 00:46:32,279
Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio and Aaron Minkey. For more

796
00:46:32,280 --> 00:46:34,520
Speaker 1: podcasts for my heart Radio, visit i heeart Radio app,

797
00:46:34,600 --> 00:46:37,080
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.