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Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, Welcome to Creature feature, the show where we

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Speaker 1: explore all the weird things in nature that your seventh

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Speaker 1: grade biology teacher was too much of a prood to

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Speaker 1: teach you. I'm Katie Golden, I studied psychology and evolutionary biology,

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Speaker 1: and I'm your host of many parasites. Today we're talking

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Speaker 1: about anatomy that just seems well made up, like if

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Speaker 1: you gave Salvador Dalis some bad weed and told them

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Speaker 1: to invent some animals. We're answering some of the weirdest

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Speaker 1: questions about evolution and anatomy, like how do woodpeckers keep

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Speaker 1: from scrambling their brains? What animals have not one, not too,

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Speaker 1: but three vaginas? Why would a doctor want to sew

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Speaker 1: your leg on backwards? Discover this and more as we

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Speaker 1: answer the age old question what are some of the

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Speaker 1: most bodacious boobs in the animal kingdom? So medical science

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Speaker 1: has advanced to the point where we now have a

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Speaker 1: pretty good idea of human anatomy, the heart bones connected

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Speaker 1: to the leg bone and whatever. But we haven't always

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Speaker 1: been so intimately familiar with our inner workings. In fact,

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Speaker 1: we used to have some pretty fantastical ideas about how

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Speaker 1: the human body worked before doctors decided to dig up

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Speaker 1: dead bodies and really settle the matter once and for all.

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Speaker 1: For instance, in the late seventeen hundreds, phrenology was the

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Speaker 1: quote science of measuring someone's psychology by feeling their head bumps,

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Speaker 1: the theory being that the different parts of the brain

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Speaker 1: controlled different emotions, so when they worked out more, they

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Speaker 1: got more swollen something. Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, on the

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Speaker 1: other hand, had theorized that the heart was where your

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Speaker 1: consciousness resided, and the brain and other organs were simply

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Speaker 1: cooling mechanisms to keep the heart cool for some reason.

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Speaker 1: And in the eighteenth century, the preformationism theory held that

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Speaker 1: each sperm contained a tiny, fully developed human that simply

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Speaker 1: grew larger in the woman's womb like one of those

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Speaker 1: you know, like grow your own dinosaur capsules. This all

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Speaker 1: sounds crazy and stupid, and well, yeah it is, but

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Speaker 1: we're about to discuss even crazier and stupid or sounding

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Speaker 1: anatomy that is actually scientifically accurate. Joining me today are

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Speaker 1: the host of the podcast Ridiculous History, Nold Brown and

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Speaker 1: Ben Bolan. Welcome you guys, Thanks for having us. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I'm excited to see some weird animals, as the slideshow

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Speaker 1: in front of me promises. Well, we say that now. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I haven't looked ahead, I have not cheated. I'm ready

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Speaker 1: to be like you know, I'm ready to give a

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Speaker 1: completely realistic reaction and challenge. Yeah, this may challenge some

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Speaker 1: of our preformationist or preformist views. Uh did I did

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Speaker 1: I get that right? I think? Yeah, it's performationism. Performation

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Speaker 1: is m yeah. Yeah, so let's be open minded. We

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Speaker 1: think the performationism. Uh, science is pretty solid. Uh, I

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Speaker 1: mean willing to be wrong. I mean it is just

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Speaker 1: like you know, I mean I don't know how else

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Speaker 1: of fetus is supposed to develop? What like, although the

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Speaker 1: thing with the performationism that's interesting saying is the ideas

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Speaker 1: that it's already this fully formed human that just didn't

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Speaker 1: exists inside you. Then like is there does that fully

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Speaker 1: formed human also have like a fully formed hum and

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Speaker 1: like is it fetuses all the way down? Yes, it's

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Speaker 1: basically like Cabbage Patch Kids rules, you know, Like I

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Speaker 1: don't know what that means exactly, but you know, I

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Speaker 1: have no idea what what cabbage Patch kids? You mean?

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Speaker 1: Just like cabbage patch kids just kind of are like

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Speaker 1: they just are birthed into existence, like fully formed from

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Speaker 1: the cabbage cabbage, right right, So maybe that's the the

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Speaker 1: cabbage sub discipline performation is another think about. I went

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Speaker 1: to there's a place in Georgia called baby Land General.

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Speaker 1: It's like where the cabbage patch babies are born. And

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Speaker 1: there's a really creepy tree that they shove the cabbage

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Speaker 1: patch babies out of and that's how their birth into

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Speaker 1: the world is through this magical tree and their heads

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Speaker 1: pop up, their heads. I've been there too. It's a

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Speaker 1: really creepy place. What is this? This is like a

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Speaker 1: real what are you what the yeah, what are you

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Speaker 1: guys talking about. It's called baby Land General Hospital, and

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Speaker 1: it's like the home of like where it's like in

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Speaker 1: the town I think it's called Cleveland, Georgia, where cabbage

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Speaker 1: patch babies were invented by you know, Jonathan cabbage Patch.

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Speaker 1: It's the only thing in the town too. It's this

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Speaker 1: mansion that used to be their house, and it really

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Speaker 1: does look like a creepy kind of like a psych

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Speaker 1: ward or something like that. It's a very strange place

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Speaker 1: and kids have birthday parties there so it's like actually

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Speaker 1: affiliated with the cabbage Patch company. Absolutely, yes, HQ. I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna send you a weird YouTube link after this episode.

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Speaker 1: They have a really really serious collection with Andy Warhol.

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Speaker 1: Andy Warhol paintings of cabbage Patch kids are all over

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Speaker 1: the wall pictures of celebrities. But that's neither here nor there,

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Speaker 1: really isn't. That is pretty messed up, But we're about

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Speaker 1: to get even more messed up. You get um, So

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Speaker 1: have you given much thought to woodpeckers? Actually? Yes, I

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Speaker 1: grew up with some woodpeckers in our yard, and I

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Speaker 1: was always disappointed because they seemed radically different in comparison

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Speaker 1: to the other woodpeckers I saw in the media, like

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Speaker 1: woody woodpeck These were just these very like, I don't

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Speaker 1: want to say, aggro, but very myopically focused birds who

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Speaker 1: just kept hitting their heads against trees, and it blew

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Speaker 1: my mind. I didn't understand. My parents explained to me

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Speaker 1: that they were doing that to eat bugs. Is that correct? Yeah? So,

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Speaker 1: uh they do. Actually, as their name implies, peck would uh,

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Speaker 1: And they'll bang their heads against the tree with their

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Speaker 1: their well, they're they're banging their banks against the tree.

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Speaker 1: Bark to create these holes so that they can reach inside.

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Speaker 1: And it's but for the insects, you know, to eat

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Speaker 1: up some ants or larva or whatever is living in

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Speaker 1: the tree bark. They also will do it to help

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Speaker 1: themselves nests, So sometimes they pull away tree bark to

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Speaker 1: access holes in the tree, uh to nest there, to

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Speaker 1: to increase the size of a hole and excavate there

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Speaker 1: a little nesting area. They also do something called drumming,

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Speaker 1: where it's just wrapping against the tree for seemingly the

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Speaker 1: only purpose is uh sexual behavior like mating mating call.

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Speaker 1: But as people may know, if if there's any metal

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Speaker 1: fans out there, like head banging is extremely unpleasant. Even

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Speaker 1: when you're just banging your head against air, it it's disorienting,

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Speaker 1: it hurts, So you can imagine that if you're banging

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Speaker 1: your head against solid wood, that would be pretty unpleasant

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Speaker 1: and probably give you a lot of head injuries. So

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Speaker 1: it's really incredible when you think about how rapid these

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Speaker 1: little jackhammers are going and how that seems like that

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Speaker 1: would instantly destroy their tiny little bird brains and smack

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Speaker 1: their skulls and just explode their heads. But uh, there

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Speaker 1: you have developed a few very interesting evolutionary traits that

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Speaker 1: allow them to keep on head banging without actually getting

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Speaker 1: brain damage. So first of all, kind of the obvious

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Speaker 1: one is that they have thickened skulls uh, and they

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Speaker 1: have powerful neck muscles for for that control. Another more

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Speaker 1: subtle one is that the beak is actually kind of

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Speaker 1: designed for shock absorption. So they've got this over bye

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Speaker 1: and the top of the beak is more fleshy than

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Speaker 1: the lower beak, which is bonier. So then that directs

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Speaker 1: the force of the impact towards the lower beak um,

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Speaker 1: and then that directs it away from the brain case area.

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Speaker 1: But you guys are here for the real gross weird stuff,

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Speaker 1: So one more trick up their sleeves or well, I

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Speaker 1: guess up, there's skull UM. I want to talk to

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Speaker 1: you about woodpecker tongues. They're very interesting and weird. So

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Speaker 1: woodpeckers often have pretty long tongues. Uh. They're covered in

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Speaker 1: sticky barbs so that they can stick it into those

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Speaker 1: tree holes uh to slurp up ants and larva um.

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Speaker 1: Someone peckers species have shorter tongues with more bristles, so

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Speaker 1: there there's variety amongst the woodpecker species, but for many

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Speaker 1: of them, uh, it has to be long so that

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Speaker 1: they can get get in there and get those ants

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Speaker 1: out of the wood. So, but we don't see woodpeckers

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Speaker 1: just with this tongue flopping out, And they're not like

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Speaker 1: hummingbirds where they have a really long beak. So where

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Speaker 1: where do they keep it? Well, it's in its skull.

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Speaker 1: It winds up kind of like a measuring tape. It

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Speaker 1: literally will wrap around the back of their head and

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Speaker 1: up over their skull and then towards their nasal cavity.

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Speaker 1: And the way that it does this is actually even

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Speaker 1: weirder than just the fact that it winds its tongue

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Speaker 1: around around its school, because I think that that fact

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Speaker 1: is maybe out there. Um, but how it does so.

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Speaker 1: First of all, the tongue is bifurcated in the back,

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Speaker 1: which means split into um. So think like a reverse

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Speaker 1: snake tongue, where instead of coming out and then splitting

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Speaker 1: at the end, it's like it's split at the sort

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Speaker 1: of uh up in the mouth and then it comes

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Speaker 1: together into one point um and uh. So the reason

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Speaker 1: it has this length is actually that its tongue is

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Speaker 1: not just tongue flesh. It's partially made out of bone.

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Speaker 1: So there's this bone called the hyroid bone. And so

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Speaker 1: if you guys could just put your fingers near your

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Speaker 1: throat where your tricky is, you know, gently, don't strangle yourself.

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Speaker 1: Don't don't do that. Um yeah, yeah, So up along

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Speaker 1: the front of your throat where your tricky is and

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Speaker 1: where your jaw meets your your trichya basically, and you

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Speaker 1: should feel a couple of bony kind of protrusions. Do

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Speaker 1: you feel that that's the that's the hyroid bone. So, uh,

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Speaker 1: it's the sub metrical kind of butterfly shaped bone. Um.

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Speaker 1: It supports an anchors the tongue and it helps in swallowing. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And woodpeckers, these bones wrap all the way around the

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Speaker 1: skull and up towards their nasal cavities, and it's all

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Speaker 1: covered in tongue tissue. So they basically have bony tongues

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Speaker 1: uh that wind around their skull. And I actually sent

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Speaker 1: you guys that that picture of it in the slide show.

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Speaker 1: Um yeah, I was. I was gonna ask are those

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Speaker 1: the same bird? Like the the two images, Like we're

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Speaker 1: seeing how the tongue is deployed. Got it? Okay, yeah, exactly.

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Speaker 1: And I question to here because in this illustration, which

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Speaker 1: is fascinating not yet disturbing all the go with fascinating,

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Speaker 1: I see that the tongue has this barbed tip on

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Speaker 1: there is that bone as well. No, that's just that's

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Speaker 1: just tongue bristles. So the tip of the tongue is

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Speaker 1: just tongue kind of like ours. It like it the

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Speaker 1: bone it attaches to the tongue way back there where

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Speaker 1: you have that that dual structure. But I think those

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Speaker 1: barbs are it's sort of like you know how cat

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Speaker 1: tongues are spiky. So when the tongue has retracted, the

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Speaker 1: bone winds all the way around the skull. And not

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Speaker 1: only does this have a nice nifty storage place for

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Speaker 1: the tongue to go, it also offers extra structural support

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Speaker 1: and shock absorption for when the woodpeckers smashing its face

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Speaker 1: against a tree. Um. So it's sort of like you

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Speaker 1: it's like having a weird tongue helmet inside your your head.

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Speaker 1: I have kind of a dumb question. Maybe it's not

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Speaker 1: dumb question. Presumably woodpeckers, outside of their superpower ability to

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Speaker 1: you know, smash their heads against trees and not get

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Speaker 1: brain damage, have all the same stuff that other birds have. Like,

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Speaker 1: why is it advantageous to them to eat in such

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Speaker 1: a bizarre and comfortable way. I mean, it's finding a

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Speaker 1: niche really, because you have a lot of competition for

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Speaker 1: insects that are easily available. If you're able to get

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Speaker 1: into the tree bark where other birds can't access it,

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Speaker 1: you've just opened up this whole mine of food that

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Speaker 1: you don't really have as much competition for. H So

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Speaker 1: that's that's finding their niche and their specialized hunting strategy. Uh,

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Speaker 1: that is really advantageous. So like if you can't, you know,

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Speaker 1: there are a lot of birds who will try to

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Speaker 1: get insects that are kind of embarked that are more

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Speaker 1: easily accessible. So once you start developing adaptations where you

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Speaker 1: can get deeper and deeper into the bark and get

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Speaker 1: more and more insects, you're going to do a lot

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Speaker 1: better than those that you're competing with. I also have

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Speaker 1: a question, and I hope it's not super dumbling, but

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Speaker 1: here goes. I'm gonna shoot my shot first. The woodpecker.

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Speaker 1: Now I can see that tongue in a high ooid apparatus.

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Speaker 1: It reminds me in some ways of an ant eater

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Speaker 1: in some kind of like parallel evolution thing. But my

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Speaker 1: question is given that this, given that this bird has

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Speaker 1: adapted to prevent I guess, concussions and brain damage from

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Speaker 1: its very specific life choices. Uh, how effective is it?

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Speaker 1: Are there woodpeckers that get concussions or brain damage that

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Speaker 1: is a thing that can happen. Yeah, Actually, there was

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Speaker 1: a recent study that showed that woodpeckers do still get

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Speaker 1: some structural damage that's consistent with CT injury like football

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Speaker 1: players get. Um. So it's so it's not effective, but

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Speaker 1: certainly you can imagine that without these protective structures, they

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Speaker 1: just instantly scramble their eggs or brains, their brain eggs,

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Speaker 1: the old brain egg. So there's one other. There's actually

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Speaker 1: a couple other weird adaptations that they have to help

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Speaker 1: protect them from the blunt force trauma of repeatedly smacking

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Speaker 1: them cells against a tree. Uh. Their brains are extra dry,

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Speaker 1: so they don't have as many fluids surrounding the brains,

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Speaker 1: so they don't just like uh and I guess this,

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Speaker 1: I think this is the scientific terminology, So their brains

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Speaker 1: don't slash around a lot. Uh. And then they also

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Speaker 1: have nictating membrane, which is that weird transparent eyelid that

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Speaker 1: you'll see on your cat, and that covers their eye

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Speaker 1: as they're pecking. So it's like a set of goggles.

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Speaker 1: So because otherwise their eyeballs would probably pop out. Wow,

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Speaker 1: because of the constant impact. Yeah, the force of that,

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Speaker 1: you know, like it's sort of like if you're riding

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Speaker 1: a bike and you the bike is suddenly stopped, you'll

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Speaker 1: fly off a bike that but with eyeballs. I had

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Speaker 1: a similar experience like that with one of those bird

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Speaker 1: scooters recently, So I totally understand this scenario, right, right,

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Speaker 1: Is it a coincidence that it's called a bird scooter? No,

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Speaker 1: that was my point. No, it's not. It's absolutely not

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Speaker 1: a question. It makes me uniquely qualified to have this conversation, right,

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Speaker 1: you're basically an ornithologist. Now. No, Actually, I don't know

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Speaker 1: if I think I probably told you this last time

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Speaker 1: we were on. But I am definitely afraid of birds

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Speaker 1: and woodpeckers in particular, just just the more freaky the adaptation,

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Speaker 1: the worse. Like I have nightmares where I wake up

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Speaker 1: and there's like woodpeckers under my covers and I wake

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Speaker 1: up like in a cold sweat, and and yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: it's a thing that I struggle with. Um, so I'm

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Speaker 1: pretty triggered right now actually, but trying to hold I'm

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Speaker 1: trying to hold it together. Well you know, I mean

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Speaker 1: I did present you with the night's diagram showing its

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Speaker 1: tongue wrapping around its skull and how long it is

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Speaker 1: and how pointy it is, and I'm sure that will help. Yep, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: feeling good. Well, if you're uncomfortable with birds, why don't

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Speaker 1: we pivot to something a little less less weird. Uh

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Speaker 1: kangaroo vaginas? Oh finally, yeah, great, I'm here for it.

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Speaker 1: So kangaroos, wombats, qualas, Tasmanian devils. Uh, these marsupials have

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Speaker 1: three vaginas. Uh. So first of all, I want you

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Speaker 1: to get your minds out of the gutter. Uh, they

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Speaker 1: don't have three volva's. It's not like the Alien and

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Speaker 1: total recall where she's got uh you know, victory breasts. Um,

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Speaker 1: it's not the Australia version of that, right right, So

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Speaker 1: it's not just like three volva's just kind of like

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Speaker 1: randomly placed on the kangaroo somewhere. Um. So, the vagina

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Speaker 1: this is it's gonna be a little bit of sex

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Speaker 1: said here. The vagina is an inside organ. Um. It's

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Speaker 1: the canal that you do use sex inside that sperm

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Speaker 1: travels up and babies come out of. That's where a

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Speaker 1: menstruation and discharge come out. And that's also where Gwyneth

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Speaker 1: Paltrow puts her jade eggs in. That's what the vagina is.

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Speaker 1: That's what we're talking about. Um. So, you know, we

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Speaker 1: we like to use our imaginations on this show. I

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Speaker 1: wanted you to imagine a naked female kangaroo. So and so,

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Speaker 1: a kangaroo not like wearing a suit or something like

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Speaker 1: no boxing gloves, totally naked. So it's gonna it's gonna

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Speaker 1: have a normal looking kangaroo vulva as far as kangaroo

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Speaker 1: volva's go. But once you look inside the kangaroo, the

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Speaker 1: vagina splits off into three canals. Uh that meat back

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Speaker 1: up sort of like a weird steering wheel or like

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Speaker 1: a no smoking logo or like that that London like

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Speaker 1: subway logo, the underground logo. So if you actually you guys,

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Speaker 1: proceed in the slide show, you can see the interesting

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Speaker 1: complex sort of it looks a little bit like a

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Speaker 1: French horn. Honestly, I know what this means. I just

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Speaker 1: want to point out that there's a one diagram. It

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Speaker 1: says middle of vagina, Joey travels down, and that just

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Speaker 1: I just like saying that out loud. Just Joey travels down.

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Speaker 1: I mean, Joey likes to take the middle of Vagina's

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Speaker 1: classic the path of least resistance. You know that the

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Speaker 1: middle of vagina exactly. I mean, Joey could be more adventurous,

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Speaker 1: but that refers to you know, the juvenile kangaroo, right, Yes, yes,

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Speaker 1: so Joey is a baby kangaroo. I have a question

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Speaker 1: looking looking at this, which it also looks like it

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Speaker 1: might be a made up musical instrument in a sci

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Speaker 1: fi film, like a Doctor SEUs book or yeah, like

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Speaker 1: the Fifth Element or Doctor SEUs or something in Huville.

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Speaker 1: But apparently it's very real. Um. I have always heard

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Speaker 1: that kangaroos, female kangaroos are an animal that can either

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Speaker 1: suspend its pregnancy or some somehow control when and how

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Speaker 1: it gives birth, or when it gives birth at least.

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Speaker 1: Is that correct? Or is that something that my college

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Speaker 1: friends made up when we were hanging out too late

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Speaker 1: at night. Yeah, so it can kind of time it. Um.

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Speaker 1: So what the beauty of the kangaroo reproductive system is

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Speaker 1: that it can have three Joey's at once, basically and

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Speaker 1: at different stages of developments. So you've got one and

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Speaker 1: Joey that is think of it as like a toddler

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Speaker 1: where it's like outside of the pouch, walking around, you know,

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Speaker 1: maybe still like reaching in the pouch forum milk and stuff,

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Speaker 1: but it's a it's a sort of what what you

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Speaker 1: would associate Joey to look like. Um. And then you

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Speaker 1: have the second one, which is the Joey that is

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Speaker 1: inside of the pouch. So that's usually, uh, the really

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Speaker 1: young Joey that's either at a very early stage of

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Speaker 1: its development when it looks like those weird little pink jellybeans,

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Speaker 1: or it's a little older, but it's so it's developing

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Speaker 1: inside of the pouch. And then you have a third

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Speaker 1: Joey that is still developing inside of the uterus or

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Speaker 1: traveling down you know, once the middle Joey leaves the

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Speaker 1: pouch and that one uh starts to travel down and

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Speaker 1: leave uh and then makes that heroic crawl from the

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Speaker 1: vagina to the pouch, which is kind of incredible. So

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Speaker 1: I don't think they can conscious control it, like you know,

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Speaker 1: oh well, you know, I've got this. This Joey is

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Speaker 1: a real pain in the in the the real pain

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Speaker 1: in the middle of vagina. So I'm gonna stall off

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Speaker 1: that other, that other Joey. But yeah, there is a

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Speaker 1: This timing allows them to be perpetually pregnant. It's like

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Speaker 1: an assembly line of Joey's. So what's interesting is some

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Speaker 1: biologists think that so as you can see from the diagram,

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Speaker 1: the middle vagina is a little narrower than the other

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Speaker 1: ones um and some biologists think this is why Joey's

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Speaker 1: are born so premature, because it's just too narrow for

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Speaker 1: a bigger baby. So that's why they have to make

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Speaker 1: that crazy crawl from the vagina to the pouch. If

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Speaker 1: you if you don't know what I'm talking about, Joey's

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Speaker 1: are born very tiny, like they look like little little

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Speaker 1: gross pink beans, and then they have to they crawl

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Speaker 1: all and there. They look like an embryo. They don't

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Speaker 1: look they're fully developed and they're not. And then they

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Speaker 1: crawl from after they give birth they crawl from the

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Speaker 1: vagina and they go all the way up into the pouch,

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Speaker 1: so that having that narrow middle vagina is like, maybe

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Speaker 1: that's why this is this happens. Oh. They also it's

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Speaker 1: important to note that they have two uteruses to uterie.

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Speaker 1: I see that yet, Um, And that's actually not too uncommon. Um,

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Speaker 1: they're bifurcated uterie in deer's, cats, dogs, elephants, whales, and

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Speaker 1: a lot of other cool animal ladies. Uh. In fact,

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Speaker 1: humans only having one uterus were more of the weird ones.

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Speaker 1: I guess I've always thought that, Yeah, yeah, it's just

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Speaker 1: one more thing to shame women about. You only have

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Speaker 1: one uterus? What's wrong with you? Boy? Oh no, I'm

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Speaker 1: not associated with that at all. I did notice so,

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Speaker 1: um when when I've seen pictures of Joey's and how

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Speaker 1: how they're so they're so newly formed and undeveloped. It's

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Speaker 1: pretty amazing that they can instinctually climb up the parents

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Speaker 1: body towards that that pouch. But the pouch always weirded

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Speaker 1: me out, like is the I never thought I'd say

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Speaker 1: this on the air. Is this treble vagina adaptation? Is

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Speaker 1: it something that occurred around the same time that the

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Speaker 1: pouch was developing, or like why, why and how? That's

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Speaker 1: my question, Why and how? I just I'm baffled. Just why,

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Speaker 1: just why. It's a really good question. It's a little

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Speaker 1: bit of a mystery, at least to me, UM, because

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Speaker 1: I was trying to find why exactly they have three vaginas.

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Speaker 1: And so there's a few theories. One is that um,

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Speaker 1: male marsuvials actually have a two pronged penises, so maybe

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Speaker 1: they can do double time fertilizing the vagina um. But

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Speaker 1: actually kangaroos do not have the two pronged UH penises,

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Speaker 1: which I guess is really unlucky for the lady kangaroos. UM.

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Speaker 1: But so that's that's one theory. But it could also

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Speaker 1: be helpful for creating like that endless, perpetual Joey production machine. Um.

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Speaker 1: You got one in the pouch, one in the oven,

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Speaker 1: one fending for himself. Um, and you know uh I

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Speaker 1: I would really like to hear if there are any

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Speaker 1: marsupial biologists out there if they have any theories about

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Speaker 1: why they have three vaginas. But there's one other thing,

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Speaker 1: and it's I think, so first we have to kind

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Speaker 1: of talk about um you know, uh what a spandrel

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Speaker 1: of evolution ists? Have you guys heard of that term?

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Speaker 1: I note so, uh spandrel is the term that comes

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Speaker 1: from architecture. Actually, so the spandrels this triangular wedge between

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Speaker 1: and arc way and like ceiling. So uh it actually

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Speaker 1: serves no inherent purpose other than being a structural byproducts.

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Speaker 1: So you have the arch and then the ceiling, and

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Speaker 1: then where that kind of like meets you you have

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Speaker 1: that little wedge where it's like the the where the

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Speaker 1: semicircle meets that kind of triangle. Um and uh so

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Speaker 1: uh it was coined as a term to mean an

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Speaker 1: anatomical feature of evolution that's just kind of a result

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Speaker 1: of how the animal got built. It has no inherent purpose.

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Speaker 1: It's just you know, it's kind of like, I don't know,

401
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Speaker 1: I guess like you could also describe it as like

402
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Speaker 1: the taint like of of evolution because it's like it

403
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Speaker 1: doesn't serve any purpose. It's just there because you gotta

404
00:24:43,320 --> 00:24:47,159
Speaker 1: you gotta have a place between the the front in

405
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Speaker 1: the back. Um so uh So there's a possibility that

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Speaker 1: having the three canals is like a spandrel of having

407
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Speaker 1: to uterie um, and that the fact that they have

408
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Speaker 1: it's that for some reason they want a separate birthing canal.

409
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Speaker 1: And then just the fact that we're typically speaking in

410
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Speaker 1: many structures are symmetrical just in terms of how they

411
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Speaker 1: develop in the fetus. But you know, I don't know,

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Speaker 1: it's it's really it's kind of a mystery. And we'll

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Speaker 1: actually see kind of in another animal maybe a proto

414
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Speaker 1: kind of a proto pouch, which is really interesting. Uh,

415
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Speaker 1: later on that will discuss. But first I want to

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Speaker 1: take you guys on the imagination train to imagination station.

417
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Speaker 1: So this one's actually really easy. Just imagine an elephant

418
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Speaker 1: in your head, close your eyes, got it there and gentle,

419
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Speaker 1: such kind eyes and all of its elephant e goodness,

420
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Speaker 1: does it have big tusks? Now you're doing you're doing

421
00:25:54,440 --> 00:25:59,280
Speaker 1: it wrong. It's female elephant. Didn't expect that? Um, Now

422
00:25:59,320 --> 00:26:02,800
Speaker 1: imagine that with it is a smaller elephant. Little baby?

423
00:26:03,080 --> 00:26:08,280
Speaker 1: Is it cute? Oh? Boys? That ever? Adorable? Now that

424
00:26:08,400 --> 00:26:11,399
Speaker 1: baby elephant, he's gonna be hungry and it's got to

425
00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:14,760
Speaker 1: drink milk from its mother. How does it do this?

426
00:26:14,800 --> 00:26:17,920
Speaker 1: Where like like trying to imagine where do you think

427
00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:21,040
Speaker 1: it's getting the milk from maybe through the trunk maybe

428
00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:27,280
Speaker 1: how maybe they're like secret elephant utters. Have you ever

429
00:26:28,200 --> 00:26:33,960
Speaker 1: have you ever tried to imagine this like an elephant's utters. No,

430
00:26:34,280 --> 00:26:36,640
Speaker 1: this is this is a first for me, Katie. It's

431
00:26:36,680 --> 00:26:38,880
Speaker 1: never come up. It's never come up in my line

432
00:26:38,920 --> 00:26:42,480
Speaker 1: of thinking, right right, Well, you know because like you

433
00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:45,359
Speaker 1: don't it's not just like cow arders attached to the elephant.

434
00:26:45,920 --> 00:26:49,760
Speaker 1: So it's well, I gotta tell you guys this. Did

435
00:26:49,840 --> 00:26:56,040
Speaker 1: you know that elephants have big old honkers honkers as noses. No, no,

436
00:26:56,560 --> 00:26:59,600
Speaker 1: they got big old, very big old set of very

437
00:26:59,680 --> 00:27:03,840
Speaker 1: human looking boobs. So if you advance in your slide show,

438
00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:09,520
Speaker 1: oh my goodness. So yeah, I'm not doing a pearl

439
00:27:09,520 --> 00:27:11,640
Speaker 1: clutch situation right now. What I'm doing is like they

440
00:27:11,720 --> 00:27:14,080
Speaker 1: literally look like those fake boobs you buy it like

441
00:27:14,280 --> 00:27:18,040
Speaker 1: the joke store, like because the scale is all off

442
00:27:18,119 --> 00:27:20,800
Speaker 1: kind of the elephants so very close together and they're

443
00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:24,800
Speaker 1: very close together, and they look like yeah that there. Wow.

444
00:27:25,160 --> 00:27:27,760
Speaker 1: I don't I don't want to use the word traumatize,

445
00:27:28,359 --> 00:27:30,560
Speaker 1: but when I first when I first looked at this,

446
00:27:30,640 --> 00:27:34,200
Speaker 1: I was pretty uncomfortable and I was thinking, Okay, how

447
00:27:34,200 --> 00:27:37,520
Speaker 1: many things in this slide show or photo shops. I'd

448
00:27:37,560 --> 00:27:40,520
Speaker 1: better be a good sport about this. But if I

449
00:27:40,560 --> 00:27:43,439
Speaker 1: were in the wild, I've only seen elephants in you know,

450
00:27:43,600 --> 00:27:45,960
Speaker 1: zoos or nature preserves. So if I were in the

451
00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:50,760
Speaker 1: wild and I saw a busty elephant running at me,

452
00:27:50,920 --> 00:27:54,400
Speaker 1: I would freak out and trampled. I'd be tramped, I'd

453
00:27:54,440 --> 00:27:57,320
Speaker 1: be I would die trampled by the feet or by

454
00:27:57,320 --> 00:28:00,800
Speaker 1: the boobs. I don't know, that's the problem. Clear. I

455
00:28:00,880 --> 00:28:02,800
Speaker 1: love the I love the caption you on the slide too.

456
00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:04,960
Speaker 1: It just says very non you know, it's just like

457
00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:09,960
Speaker 1: very matter of factly some hot elephant. It's it's it's you.

458
00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:11,679
Speaker 1: Guys are welcome for the slide show. By the way,

459
00:28:11,720 --> 00:28:13,280
Speaker 1: I'm going to see if I can post the slide

460
00:28:13,280 --> 00:28:18,119
Speaker 1: show online actually for the listeners. Um, but this is

461
00:28:18,160 --> 00:28:20,919
Speaker 1: this like something they always have and that I've just

462
00:28:21,080 --> 00:28:24,320
Speaker 1: never noticed noticed. Yeah, well they have it so when

463
00:28:24,359 --> 00:28:29,400
Speaker 1: they're when they're nursing, they definitely swell up. But but yeah,

464
00:28:29,560 --> 00:28:32,439
Speaker 1: I mean they they've This is not new. It's not

465
00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:35,480
Speaker 1: like a twenty nineteen weird new millennial thing like they've

466
00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:39,840
Speaker 1: always had. Elephants have always had breasts um. And also

467
00:28:39,920 --> 00:28:43,680
Speaker 1: I would encourage my listeners to google elephants boobs um

468
00:28:43,760 --> 00:28:46,240
Speaker 1: and do it with the safe search off for sure

469
00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:52,560
Speaker 1: um and and just just roll those die. Uh. So

470
00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:57,400
Speaker 1: what's really interesting about the elephant mammary glands is that

471
00:28:57,440 --> 00:29:00,680
Speaker 1: they are some of the most human looking boobs an

472
00:29:00,680 --> 00:29:04,520
Speaker 1: animal that I've actually ever seen, and that includes primates,

473
00:29:05,240 --> 00:29:09,520
Speaker 1: because if you think of primate boobs, they actually, you know,

474
00:29:09,560 --> 00:29:15,560
Speaker 1: they're they're pretty small, they're kind of flat as kansas, um.

475
00:29:15,600 --> 00:29:20,400
Speaker 1: But the elephants actually have more extensive breast tissue. So

476
00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:24,000
Speaker 1: the reason their breast tissue is so voluptuous is so

477
00:29:24,080 --> 00:29:27,400
Speaker 1: the baby elephant can reach better. Because elephants are big,

478
00:29:27,440 --> 00:29:31,640
Speaker 1: baby elephants are less big, and that's tricky. And it's

479
00:29:31,680 --> 00:29:34,480
Speaker 1: also interesting because those boobs are in the front, like

480
00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:37,360
Speaker 1: on their chest like you would see any human, which

481
00:29:37,760 --> 00:29:39,800
Speaker 1: you may wonder like why aren't they in the back,

482
00:29:39,920 --> 00:29:42,920
Speaker 1: like uh, you know, a cow or something. So there's

483
00:29:42,920 --> 00:29:45,840
Speaker 1: a very simple reason. The back just has no room

484
00:29:45,920 --> 00:29:49,040
Speaker 1: for boobs, and this has to do with how they

485
00:29:49,040 --> 00:29:51,560
Speaker 1: give birth. So in order to give birth and not

486
00:29:51,800 --> 00:29:54,080
Speaker 1: drop a little baby Dumbo on his sweet little head

487
00:29:54,120 --> 00:29:58,520
Speaker 1: and kill them immediately. Uh, the vagina is actually under

488
00:29:58,560 --> 00:30:02,240
Speaker 1: the elephant, like the between her legs, so the calf

489
00:30:02,280 --> 00:30:05,520
Speaker 1: doesn't have as far to go. So in other unulets

490
00:30:05,520 --> 00:30:09,560
Speaker 1: you may know, like like and cow's the vaginal opening

491
00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:11,360
Speaker 1: is it kind of like closer to the butt, like

492
00:30:11,400 --> 00:30:15,360
Speaker 1: near the tail um, and so the calf kind of

493
00:30:15,440 --> 00:30:17,840
Speaker 1: drops a little bit. If that happened with an elephant,

494
00:30:18,000 --> 00:30:22,760
Speaker 1: that would be really bad for the baby. Uh yeah, yeah, right,

495
00:30:22,800 --> 00:30:25,960
Speaker 1: So because they give birth down there and that's where

496
00:30:26,040 --> 00:30:30,080
Speaker 1: the vaginal opening is, there's just no room for the breasts. Uh.

497
00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:34,480
Speaker 1: So that's why they're between on their chest. Okay, sorry,

498
00:30:34,520 --> 00:30:37,720
Speaker 1: I'm catching up the speed. Just I'm a little baffled.

499
00:30:37,760 --> 00:30:40,640
Speaker 1: And this is changing changing some things, for changing how

500
00:30:40,680 --> 00:30:44,240
Speaker 1: you look at elephants. Literally the elephants like Mark trunk

501
00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:50,720
Speaker 1: shop here. Yeah, I guess so, I guess so. I

502
00:30:50,720 --> 00:30:54,200
Speaker 1: mean because elephants are already such amazing and intelligent creatures

503
00:30:54,200 --> 00:30:57,320
Speaker 1: and cognitively, the more we learn about them, the more

504
00:30:57,400 --> 00:31:02,800
Speaker 1: we learn that their thought process are are very, very sophisticated,

505
00:31:02,840 --> 00:31:06,240
Speaker 1: and they feel increasingly, I don't want to say human like,

506
00:31:06,520 --> 00:31:10,040
Speaker 1: but increasingly like a pure species in some ways. So

507
00:31:10,080 --> 00:31:12,760
Speaker 1: now finding out I do I do want to interrupt

508
00:31:12,800 --> 00:31:15,000
Speaker 1: you to say, I do like that you're thinking about

509
00:31:15,040 --> 00:31:18,080
Speaker 1: the elephant's mind and not just her chest. That's really

510
00:31:18,400 --> 00:31:21,560
Speaker 1: woke of you. Thank you, thank you. I try to

511
00:31:21,600 --> 00:31:24,600
Speaker 1: be elephant woke. This is so much information though, like

512
00:31:25,080 --> 00:31:28,640
Speaker 1: how how human are they? I don't well, I don't know,

513
00:31:29,040 --> 00:31:31,920
Speaker 1: so to put your mind at ease. This isn't it's

514
00:31:31,960 --> 00:31:35,440
Speaker 1: a it's another case of parallel evolution, um. But it

515
00:31:35,560 --> 00:31:39,800
Speaker 1: is really interesting because most animals don't actually have large

516
00:31:39,880 --> 00:31:43,040
Speaker 1: breasts or like it's like an utter situation where their

517
00:31:43,120 --> 00:31:47,600
Speaker 1: utters swell during pregnancy nursing, and certainly they don't have

518
00:31:47,880 --> 00:31:50,720
Speaker 1: the kind of like large breasts that elephants have. And

519
00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:54,600
Speaker 1: that's uh. Those are as I mentioned before designed to

520
00:31:54,720 --> 00:31:57,440
Speaker 1: make it easier for the baby elephant to reach. But

521
00:31:57,720 --> 00:32:04,320
Speaker 1: humans human breasts are actually really kind of an evolutionary mystery. UM.

522
00:32:04,560 --> 00:32:09,360
Speaker 1: Scientists are baffled by boobs uh and it's uh. There

523
00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:12,160
Speaker 1: are a few theories, like some are nutrition, like maybe

524
00:32:12,160 --> 00:32:15,160
Speaker 1: it's kind of like camel humps, where you store extra

525
00:32:15,200 --> 00:32:21,840
Speaker 1: fat for nourishment. My humps, my humps, my lovely um.

526
00:32:21,920 --> 00:32:24,840
Speaker 1: One of the more popular theories that I actually think

527
00:32:24,960 --> 00:32:28,960
Speaker 1: is probably more convincing is that it's sexual selection, um

528
00:32:29,040 --> 00:32:32,800
Speaker 1: that they somehow It's just kind of this thing in

529
00:32:32,880 --> 00:32:37,120
Speaker 1: nature where some times certain characteristics are attractive because they

530
00:32:37,200 --> 00:32:43,200
Speaker 1: may signal sexual maturity or uh some kind of sexual fitness,

531
00:32:43,720 --> 00:32:47,160
Speaker 1: and then that trait becomes more and more exaggerated because

532
00:32:47,160 --> 00:32:51,000
Speaker 1: that that signal uh is very powerful. So an example

533
00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:53,640
Speaker 1: of that is, um, there are certain birds that if

534
00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:58,880
Speaker 1: you give them a big egg, like a big fake egg,

535
00:32:59,040 --> 00:33:02,640
Speaker 1: they care about it even more than the smaller eggs

536
00:33:02,680 --> 00:33:05,520
Speaker 1: because that signal is just like really powerful. So that's

537
00:33:05,560 --> 00:33:08,160
Speaker 1: kind of like potentially with breast, like the you know,

538
00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:12,480
Speaker 1: having more voluptuous breasts is like this overpowering signal that

539
00:33:12,600 --> 00:33:21,280
Speaker 1: just uh mesmerizes like our early human ancestor males or something. Yeah,

540
00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:23,560
Speaker 1: that's okay, I see the I see the point you're

541
00:33:23,560 --> 00:33:26,719
Speaker 1: making here. I want to point out something too, like

542
00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:29,400
Speaker 1: I maybe I haven't been to the zoo or on

543
00:33:29,480 --> 00:33:32,560
Speaker 1: safari enough to see elephants, you know, in their natural habitat.

544
00:33:33,000 --> 00:33:35,400
Speaker 1: Typically thinking them, think of them is rearing up on

545
00:33:35,440 --> 00:33:37,960
Speaker 1: their back legs too too much. Because the image that

546
00:33:37,960 --> 00:33:40,000
Speaker 1: you have for us in the slide show is an

547
00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:42,800
Speaker 1: elephant and kind of an awkward squatting position that's allowing

548
00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:46,400
Speaker 1: us to see these uh, these elephant boobs. Um, but

549
00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:51,120
Speaker 1: it typically wouldn't something you would notice, I would think, right, right, Yeah,

550
00:33:51,200 --> 00:33:53,640
Speaker 1: I mean it's uh if when they're standing. I think

551
00:33:53,720 --> 00:33:57,400
Speaker 1: that's also why this is an image that is capturing

552
00:33:57,440 --> 00:34:00,840
Speaker 1: so many people's attention. Um, you really when you see

553
00:34:00,840 --> 00:34:04,280
Speaker 1: an elephant there, uh, it's a little harder to see

554
00:34:04,680 --> 00:34:09,000
Speaker 1: they're rocking tits um because that they're angled, not in

555
00:34:09,040 --> 00:34:12,080
Speaker 1: such a way to show them off. And so yeah,

556
00:34:12,080 --> 00:34:15,120
Speaker 1: it's sometimes do that. I'm actually trying. I'm kind of

557
00:34:15,120 --> 00:34:18,000
Speaker 1: trying to figure out why she's kneeling in this picture. Um,

558
00:34:18,040 --> 00:34:22,360
Speaker 1: it could be to go the bathroom, could be um,

559
00:34:22,400 --> 00:34:24,920
Speaker 1: that she tripped. That's how I want to think of it,

560
00:34:24,960 --> 00:34:27,680
Speaker 1: as like it's a Marilyn Monroe situation where she just

561
00:34:27,760 --> 00:34:30,640
Speaker 1: kind of stumbled and she's like, oh, sorry, is my

562
00:34:31,239 --> 00:34:35,640
Speaker 1: my is my beautiful chest showing exactly the baby looks

563
00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:37,879
Speaker 1: like it's about to get on her back or something too.

564
00:34:37,920 --> 00:34:40,640
Speaker 1: It's it's a weird situation there, baby kind of coming

565
00:34:40,719 --> 00:34:42,960
Speaker 1: up behind to check on him. He's just like really

566
00:34:42,960 --> 00:34:52,160
Speaker 1: embarrassing moms toar mom. Um, so I teased earlier that

567
00:34:52,200 --> 00:34:55,319
Speaker 1: I wanted to talk about animal pouch kind of like

568
00:34:55,520 --> 00:35:00,680
Speaker 1: a potential um sort of proto pouch situation. Uh. And

569
00:35:01,000 --> 00:35:05,760
Speaker 1: it's actually a very interesting animal. Um. So it's called

570
00:35:05,880 --> 00:35:09,880
Speaker 1: the Colugo Flying Lemur and it's actually not a lemur

571
00:35:10,040 --> 00:35:13,640
Speaker 1: and it doesn't fly, So what the heck? Why? You know? Yeah,

572
00:35:13,800 --> 00:35:15,960
Speaker 1: is that like it's just a street name or something.

573
00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:19,360
Speaker 1: It's just that's that's the it's it's a type of drug. Actually,

574
00:35:19,400 --> 00:35:22,520
Speaker 1: it's called Colugo Flying Lemur. It's really gonna make you,

575
00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:27,800
Speaker 1: really gonna make you fly, dude. Um. So then this,

576
00:35:27,960 --> 00:35:30,239
Speaker 1: this creature definitely looks like he's tripping balls. He's got

577
00:35:30,239 --> 00:35:34,239
Speaker 1: these giant like dilated pupils. Yeah, I thought, yeah, I

578
00:35:34,280 --> 00:35:36,600
Speaker 1: thought I could see tripping. Iways thinking more like a

579
00:35:36,719 --> 00:35:43,920
Speaker 1: studio ghibli anime animal in some kind of magical woodland environment. Yeah. Sure,

580
00:35:44,160 --> 00:35:47,399
Speaker 1: it looks like the lead thirteen year old me off

581
00:35:47,480 --> 00:35:50,799
Speaker 1: on an adventure. So to describe this for the audience, like,

582
00:35:50,880 --> 00:35:55,239
Speaker 1: it's it kind of looks like a DreamWorks version of

583
00:35:55,280 --> 00:35:59,360
Speaker 1: a flying squirrel, like remember what was his name script

584
00:35:59,440 --> 00:36:04,319
Speaker 1: the little squirrel from ice Age? Oh yeah, yeah, like that,

585
00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:07,719
Speaker 1: but with like big old skin flaps Um, so they

586
00:36:07,760 --> 00:36:11,839
Speaker 1: live in Southeast Asia. They're not lemurs, but they are

587
00:36:11,960 --> 00:36:17,719
Speaker 1: close relatives of primates. Um. They like I said, they're

588
00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:20,040
Speaker 1: kind of like they look a little bit like flying squirrels,

589
00:36:20,040 --> 00:36:23,000
Speaker 1: but way more fucky. Uh. They have a big flap

590
00:36:23,080 --> 00:36:26,640
Speaker 1: of skin they can use to glide huge distances up

591
00:36:26,680 --> 00:36:31,919
Speaker 1: to five feet without even losing that much altitude. Um.

592
00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:34,520
Speaker 1: They kind of look like they should be close relatives

593
00:36:34,560 --> 00:36:38,040
Speaker 1: of bats, but they're not. That's just another case of

594
00:36:38,080 --> 00:36:42,960
Speaker 1: parallel evolution. Um. And they're really bad at climbing and

595
00:36:43,000 --> 00:36:46,279
Speaker 1: are super clumsy, so it's it's very fortunate that they

596
00:36:46,280 --> 00:36:49,680
Speaker 1: have built in parachute. They kind of climbed by like

597
00:36:49,719 --> 00:36:58,600
Speaker 1: awkwardly hopping up a tree. Um. They eat shoots and leaves. Uh.

598
00:36:58,640 --> 00:37:02,640
Speaker 1: And uh, they actually use their skin flaps sometimes to

599
00:37:02,719 --> 00:37:07,000
Speaker 1: carry their babies. Now they're not, uh, they're not. This

600
00:37:07,040 --> 00:37:11,040
Speaker 1: is not necessarily like, oh, this is how pouches evolved.

601
00:37:11,080 --> 00:37:13,640
Speaker 1: But I think it's an interesting thing where you have this,

602
00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:17,279
Speaker 1: you have some anatomical feature, and then you can kind

603
00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:22,920
Speaker 1: of see how potentially, like a another structure could be

604
00:37:23,320 --> 00:37:26,239
Speaker 1: start to be used for caring for offspring, Like how

605
00:37:26,280 --> 00:37:30,920
Speaker 1: the pouch like was evolved to be a protective area

606
00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:33,640
Speaker 1: for the offspring. You have these arm flaps which are

607
00:37:33,680 --> 00:37:36,040
Speaker 1: not to be used as a pouch, but then they

608
00:37:36,080 --> 00:37:38,319
Speaker 1: do get used as that, and that's really interesting to me.

609
00:37:39,120 --> 00:37:45,280
Speaker 1: It's fascinating. It's it's almost like a an evolutionary crossroads

610
00:37:45,560 --> 00:37:49,719
Speaker 1: or adaptive crossroads, like what what will win the day?

611
00:37:49,800 --> 00:37:53,360
Speaker 1: Will it be more useful to uh glide and have

612
00:37:53,440 --> 00:37:56,279
Speaker 1: a built in parachute because you're crappy at climbing, or

613
00:37:56,320 --> 00:37:58,840
Speaker 1: it would be more useful to have a pouch to

614
00:37:58,880 --> 00:38:01,759
Speaker 1: protect your young I don't know exactly, And I think

615
00:38:01,760 --> 00:38:05,480
Speaker 1: that's that's also what makes uh studying evolution so tricky,

616
00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:08,480
Speaker 1: because you can look at a characteristic and say, Okay,

617
00:38:08,520 --> 00:38:12,279
Speaker 1: clearly this evolved to like allow them to flyer something,

618
00:38:12,280 --> 00:38:14,799
Speaker 1: but it could have started out as something else, like

619
00:38:14,840 --> 00:38:18,279
Speaker 1: a structure. Uh maybe maybe it did start out as

620
00:38:18,280 --> 00:38:20,960
Speaker 1: like a structure that helped with their child rearing, but

621
00:38:21,000 --> 00:38:23,959
Speaker 1: then it as it got bigger, like it actually helped

622
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:26,600
Speaker 1: them with gliding, and then it turned into that. So

623
00:38:26,680 --> 00:38:30,400
Speaker 1: that so evolution is a twisty turney uh kind of

624
00:38:30,760 --> 00:38:35,400
Speaker 1: kangaroo vagina situation, uh, where it's just like you have

625
00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:38,279
Speaker 1: all these twists and turns and weirdness. So one other

626
00:38:38,480 --> 00:38:41,160
Speaker 1: fun fact about them is that in order to poop,

627
00:38:41,280 --> 00:38:44,160
Speaker 1: they have to lift their skin flap over their body

628
00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:48,280
Speaker 1: and it's really weird looking. If you guys check out

629
00:38:48,840 --> 00:38:52,960
Speaker 1: slide number seven. I've discussed it. I am trump. This

630
00:38:53,080 --> 00:38:57,040
Speaker 1: is you know, I thought I thought I had gotten

631
00:38:57,160 --> 00:39:01,680
Speaker 1: over the tough part with the elephant breast, but this

632
00:39:01,800 --> 00:39:04,680
Speaker 1: is traumatizing. I didn't know what I was looking at

633
00:39:04,760 --> 00:39:07,719
Speaker 1: for a second. I thought it was a weird dragon fruit. Uh,

634
00:39:08,040 --> 00:39:09,680
Speaker 1: I mean, is it turning? Is it turning its pouch

635
00:39:09,760 --> 00:39:14,839
Speaker 1: inside out? We're seeing the inside of the pouch like right,

636
00:39:14,920 --> 00:39:17,359
Speaker 1: So it's well, it's not really a pouch. It's just

637
00:39:17,360 --> 00:39:19,640
Speaker 1: this like well, yeah, no, I got it. The flaps. Yeah,

638
00:39:19,760 --> 00:39:23,240
Speaker 1: it's like it took its cape up right, and all

639
00:39:23,320 --> 00:39:26,000
Speaker 1: in the entire cape turned out to be made of asshole.

640
00:39:26,040 --> 00:39:28,560
Speaker 1: It's like an animal kingdom goat sea kind of it?

641
00:39:28,640 --> 00:39:32,600
Speaker 1: Really is? It looks prolapsed. Oh my god. Well so, uh,

642
00:39:32,640 --> 00:39:36,680
Speaker 1: it's the membrane that makes up its flap. Like on

643
00:39:36,719 --> 00:39:39,120
Speaker 1: the top, it looks kind of cool because it's covered

644
00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:41,480
Speaker 1: in fur, but from the bottom it's nude. It's not

645
00:39:41,600 --> 00:39:44,680
Speaker 1: covered in fur, so it's all veiny and weird and

646
00:39:44,719 --> 00:39:49,120
Speaker 1: pink and translucent. Uh. And it's when it folds itself up,

647
00:39:49,160 --> 00:39:51,560
Speaker 1: it kind of looks like it's turning itself inside out.

648
00:39:52,480 --> 00:39:57,640
Speaker 1: Uh yeah, it's uh stuff of nightmares kind of a

649
00:39:58,120 --> 00:40:02,600
Speaker 1: like a you know that that painter runimous Bosh, like

650
00:40:02,640 --> 00:40:07,320
Speaker 1: all his paintings of humans being tortured in hell. That

651
00:40:07,400 --> 00:40:12,160
Speaker 1: looks like, yep, can you imagine there? But for the

652
00:40:12,280 --> 00:40:17,040
Speaker 1: grace of randomized evolution go us. You know, humans aren't perfect.

653
00:40:17,080 --> 00:40:18,919
Speaker 1: But I'm so glad I don't have to go through

654
00:40:18,920 --> 00:40:21,160
Speaker 1: that just to use the restroom. I mean, I don't know,

655
00:40:21,200 --> 00:40:25,719
Speaker 1: because like maybe if we had evolved big skin flaps,

656
00:40:25,719 --> 00:40:29,440
Speaker 1: we'd consider that sexy, Like like maybe colugos have a

657
00:40:29,480 --> 00:40:34,160
Speaker 1: whole category of corn that's just like skin flap. Yeah.

658
00:40:34,200 --> 00:40:37,040
Speaker 1: Oh my gosh. It was the worst upscirt videos ever.

659
00:40:37,680 --> 00:40:40,200
Speaker 1: Uh yeah, I'm just I'm really glad that I don't

660
00:40:40,239 --> 00:40:44,200
Speaker 1: have to pull my asshole over my back to use

661
00:40:44,239 --> 00:40:49,080
Speaker 1: the restroom. It sounds a little sounds a little overrated,

662
00:40:49,120 --> 00:40:50,880
Speaker 1: to be honest to me, what is he using to

663
00:40:50,960 --> 00:40:53,719
Speaker 1: do it? I don't understand what I'm looking at. So

664
00:40:53,840 --> 00:40:56,960
Speaker 1: you see, you see that that kind of line that's

665
00:40:56,960 --> 00:41:00,360
Speaker 1: going down. That's that's yeah, that's like his tail owns

666
00:41:00,800 --> 00:41:03,080
Speaker 1: uh And I got it. Okay, I see. For a

667
00:41:03,120 --> 00:41:05,080
Speaker 1: second I thought he was like using his mouth to

668
00:41:05,120 --> 00:41:08,920
Speaker 1: like pull it up over like that's even more disturbing.

669
00:41:09,520 --> 00:41:13,040
Speaker 1: And you just kind of turns inside out and disappears

670
00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:15,360
Speaker 1: and does the thing is that you don't need this

671
00:41:15,440 --> 00:41:18,080
Speaker 1: to be any more disturbing. It's fine, just the way,

672
00:41:18,160 --> 00:41:21,400
Speaker 1: Thank you very much. Okay, great, want some got some

673
00:41:21,440 --> 00:41:23,560
Speaker 1: new nightmare fuel? Now this is really helpful. Well we

674
00:41:24,280 --> 00:41:26,600
Speaker 1: can take a quick break up. But then I'm gonna

675
00:41:26,680 --> 00:41:31,160
Speaker 1: throw more stuff at you. All right, I'm ready, Yeah,

676
00:41:31,200 --> 00:41:37,120
Speaker 1: I'll steal myself. So can you look like a regular

677
00:41:37,200 --> 00:41:40,040
Speaker 1: human on the outside but an alien on the inside.

678
00:41:40,440 --> 00:41:42,680
Speaker 1: There was a recent news story about a ninety nine

679
00:41:42,760 --> 00:41:46,160
Speaker 1: year old woman who donated her body to science medical

680
00:41:46,200 --> 00:41:49,640
Speaker 1: students at Organ Health and Science University in Portland. We're

681
00:41:49,719 --> 00:41:52,319
Speaker 1: using her cadaver in a gross anatomy class. When I

682
00:41:52,360 --> 00:41:55,319
Speaker 1: say gross anatomy, it doesn't mean disgusting anatomy. It just

683
00:41:55,400 --> 00:41:58,000
Speaker 1: means anatomy that can be seen with the naked eye.

684
00:41:58,560 --> 00:42:02,520
Speaker 1: In this case, the anatom me was particularly well odd.

685
00:42:02,920 --> 00:42:05,160
Speaker 1: The ninety nine year old woman had lived a long

686
00:42:05,200 --> 00:42:08,759
Speaker 1: and healthy life without ever knowing that her organs were backwards.

687
00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:12,040
Speaker 1: Her liver and other abnominal organs grew on the left

688
00:42:12,040 --> 00:42:14,640
Speaker 1: side of her body. Typically they grow on the right.

689
00:42:15,040 --> 00:42:18,000
Speaker 1: It's a rare condition called sit us and versus with

690
00:42:18,200 --> 00:42:21,360
Speaker 1: levi acardia. She's thought to be the oldest person to

691
00:42:21,440 --> 00:42:24,000
Speaker 1: survive with this condition, and I mean, at ninety nine

692
00:42:24,040 --> 00:42:26,120
Speaker 1: years old, she's probably one of the oldest people to

693
00:42:26,200 --> 00:42:29,920
Speaker 1: live period. This is a one in twenty thousand condition

694
00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:32,880
Speaker 1: with a typically bad outlook, where only one in fifty

695
00:42:32,920 --> 00:42:36,640
Speaker 1: million lived to adulthood. So this nine year old woman

696
00:42:36,719 --> 00:42:39,680
Speaker 1: was truly one and a billion fold. Onto your livers.

697
00:42:39,760 --> 00:42:51,640
Speaker 1: We'll be right back with more wild anatomy. Sometimes animals

698
00:42:51,640 --> 00:42:55,239
Speaker 1: are so strange scientists don't believe they're real. This was

699
00:42:55,280 --> 00:42:59,160
Speaker 1: the case when the platypus was discovered in sevente The

700
00:42:59,200 --> 00:43:02,840
Speaker 1: biologists George Shaw couldn't believe that the platypus specimen he

701
00:43:03,000 --> 00:43:06,120
Speaker 1: was looking at was real. After all, platypus has what

702
00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:08,960
Speaker 1: looks like a duck's bill and a beaver's tail with

703
00:43:09,040 --> 00:43:12,480
Speaker 1: no nipples, and it lays eggs. Surely people thought it

704
00:43:12,560 --> 00:43:15,440
Speaker 1: must be a hoax. But as you know, the platypus

705
00:43:15,520 --> 00:43:18,719
Speaker 1: is very real, as are the freaky fantastical animals were

706
00:43:18,760 --> 00:43:25,400
Speaker 1: about to discuss. These animals may not have heard of alright, guys,

707
00:43:25,520 --> 00:43:28,400
Speaker 1: So I want you to imagine that you're walking in

708
00:43:28,480 --> 00:43:33,600
Speaker 1: the beautiful forests of Southeast Asia. Awesome. You're there among

709
00:43:33,920 --> 00:43:39,120
Speaker 1: trees and plants and various wildlife, and suddenly you smell

710
00:43:39,200 --> 00:43:42,799
Speaker 1: the delicious scent of popcorn. You look around. There's no

711
00:43:42,920 --> 00:43:46,440
Speaker 1: theaters to be found here, it's a forest. Suddenly you

712
00:43:46,520 --> 00:43:48,560
Speaker 1: see what looks like a cross between a lorex, a

713
00:43:48,640 --> 00:43:51,600
Speaker 1: bear cat, and a monkey. It's the bent a wrong

714
00:43:52,719 --> 00:43:56,960
Speaker 1: is it? Is this the source of this popcorn smell? Yes,

715
00:43:57,000 --> 00:43:59,880
Speaker 1: it is, which we will discuss. Uh, do you guys?

716
00:44:00,040 --> 00:44:03,719
Speaker 1: E I sent you that image of the Venturung just

717
00:44:03,880 --> 00:44:08,120
Speaker 1: chilling on a tree. It's a mood for sure. Yeah.

718
00:44:08,320 --> 00:44:10,719
Speaker 1: And uh and the second image I show you you

719
00:44:10,760 --> 00:44:13,800
Speaker 1: can see how shaggy it is and how big its

720
00:44:13,840 --> 00:44:19,560
Speaker 1: tail is. It is it chunky chunky tail? So um,

721
00:44:19,640 --> 00:44:22,480
Speaker 1: it looks like a Doctor Seuss creature to me, like

722
00:44:22,480 --> 00:44:25,359
Speaker 1: like an old gnar or like a Jim Hinson. Oh,

723
00:44:25,520 --> 00:44:29,279
Speaker 1: you know, like in the dark crystal the what what

724
00:44:29,320 --> 00:44:33,640
Speaker 1: are those the sears? Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, it kind

725
00:44:33,640 --> 00:44:38,040
Speaker 1: of looks like that. So it's um uh Like I said,

726
00:44:38,040 --> 00:44:42,800
Speaker 1: it's found in Southeast Asia. It looks it's like black

727
00:44:42,840 --> 00:44:49,680
Speaker 1: and gray, shaggy, big tufted ears. Yeah, like a big

728
00:44:49,760 --> 00:44:53,840
Speaker 1: honey badger. But its face is like floppity. It looks

729
00:44:53,880 --> 00:44:56,120
Speaker 1: like it also seems like it does give a fuck.

730
00:44:56,200 --> 00:44:58,279
Speaker 1: It's got kind of kind eyes. It looks like it

731
00:44:58,320 --> 00:45:00,520
Speaker 1: would give you wisdom and kind of like take you

732
00:45:00,600 --> 00:45:03,239
Speaker 1: under its wing and nurture you as a traveler, like

733
00:45:03,320 --> 00:45:05,280
Speaker 1: in the jungle. I think that's that's what I'm picturing.

734
00:45:05,320 --> 00:45:08,760
Speaker 1: Maybe the first picture. In the second picture though, the eyes,

735
00:45:09,040 --> 00:45:12,960
Speaker 1: and maybe it's the gradation of the facial hair. But

736
00:45:13,160 --> 00:45:15,839
Speaker 1: in the second picture it looks like a villain. It's

737
00:45:15,880 --> 00:45:19,840
Speaker 1: like the first picture is sort of the Simba or

738
00:45:19,960 --> 00:45:23,920
Speaker 1: Mufasa and the second picture is the scar version. Oh man,

739
00:45:23,960 --> 00:45:26,680
Speaker 1: they should have they should have made the Lion King

740
00:45:26,719 --> 00:45:29,000
Speaker 1: remake with bent t wrongs. That would have been so

741
00:45:29,120 --> 00:45:32,720
Speaker 1: much better. I know that they didn't answer my tweets,

742
00:45:32,840 --> 00:45:35,759
Speaker 1: but there's always next reboot, right is it? Is it

743
00:45:35,800 --> 00:45:38,919
Speaker 1: a prehensile tail? I mean tunkey? Like? Okay, got it?

744
00:45:38,920 --> 00:45:41,759
Speaker 1: It is indeed so prehensile means it can grasp and

745
00:45:41,840 --> 00:45:43,879
Speaker 1: hold things, and it can do that. In fact, when

746
00:45:43,880 --> 00:45:46,640
Speaker 1: they're young, they can actually hang by their tails. But

747
00:45:46,680 --> 00:45:50,160
Speaker 1: when they get older, they're just too fat, too heavy,

748
00:45:51,000 --> 00:45:54,480
Speaker 1: chunk as you said, So that adaptation becomes less helpful

749
00:45:54,520 --> 00:45:56,080
Speaker 1: as they get older, or like does it does it

750
00:45:56,160 --> 00:45:58,440
Speaker 1: still serve a purpose for them, still serves a purpose,

751
00:45:58,520 --> 00:46:01,640
Speaker 1: still allows them to balance as they climb on trees.

752
00:46:02,840 --> 00:46:06,560
Speaker 1: And you know, for for young bin Turrong that's maybe

753
00:46:06,680 --> 00:46:10,600
Speaker 1: less adept at climbing, that being able to actually support

754
00:46:10,600 --> 00:46:12,400
Speaker 1: their whole weight on a tree is very much more

755
00:46:12,480 --> 00:46:16,359
Speaker 1: useful probably than an adult. So it's actually not a

756
00:46:16,360 --> 00:46:20,120
Speaker 1: cat or a bear. It is. Try to guess like

757
00:46:20,360 --> 00:46:24,400
Speaker 1: some of its closest relatives. Okay, not cats, not bears,

758
00:46:24,880 --> 00:46:31,480
Speaker 1: not badgers. Uh your cat? Uh yeah maybe like uh oh,

759
00:46:31,560 --> 00:46:39,080
Speaker 1: what's what's the one? Um whatever? Red panda is well,

760
00:46:39,080 --> 00:46:43,400
Speaker 1: actually your closest with the cat's guests. So they're member

761
00:46:43,560 --> 00:46:48,520
Speaker 1: of the Vivarid family, which includes palm civets and genets,

762
00:46:48,560 --> 00:46:53,080
Speaker 1: which civits and genets look like cats, but they aren't.

763
00:46:53,080 --> 00:46:57,359
Speaker 1: Civets are the ones that make the great but disturbing coffee. Yes,

764
00:46:57,680 --> 00:47:01,080
Speaker 1: the poop coffee. I think you're right about that. So

765
00:47:01,480 --> 00:47:03,560
Speaker 1: they eat these coffee beans and then they poop it out,

766
00:47:03,560 --> 00:47:06,800
Speaker 1: and then you collect the pooped out beans and drink

767
00:47:06,840 --> 00:47:09,440
Speaker 1: that up as your your nice hot poopy bean juice

768
00:47:09,440 --> 00:47:12,759
Speaker 1: in the morning. It's really expensive to Yeah, I love

769
00:47:12,840 --> 00:47:21,720
Speaker 1: my expensive poopy hot bean juice. So they're related to cats,

770
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:25,359
Speaker 1: but they're also related to hyenas and weasels, so that

771
00:47:25,440 --> 00:47:28,600
Speaker 1: whole sort of group of I know, hyenas seemed like

772
00:47:28,640 --> 00:47:30,359
Speaker 1: a kind of weird, like you would think they would

773
00:47:30,400 --> 00:47:33,320
Speaker 1: be more related to dogs. But there that's actually also

774
00:47:33,760 --> 00:47:37,680
Speaker 1: parallel evolution, which we talk about a lot today. But yeah,

775
00:47:37,719 --> 00:47:40,759
Speaker 1: so that's what that thing is. This bent a wrong.

776
00:47:41,239 --> 00:47:45,879
Speaker 1: It's omnivorous and uh, it's about four ft long from

777
00:47:45,920 --> 00:47:48,640
Speaker 1: head to tail. The tail is about as long as

778
00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:50,800
Speaker 1: the body, so it's like a two foot long tail

779
00:47:50,840 --> 00:47:54,080
Speaker 1: two foot long body. Uh. They weigh about fifty pounds,

780
00:47:54,120 --> 00:47:57,759
Speaker 1: so you know, like a slight kind of a big dog.

781
00:47:57,800 --> 00:48:01,879
Speaker 1: They're like a big dog. Uh, bunch of shaggy fur

782
00:48:01,960 --> 00:48:05,280
Speaker 1: and eyes that have seen into the heart and soul

783
00:48:05,360 --> 00:48:10,360
Speaker 1: of the universe. Um. Females are actually larger than males,

784
00:48:10,480 --> 00:48:14,879
Speaker 1: which is pretty rare amongst mammals. Usually male mammals are

785
00:48:14,960 --> 00:48:18,360
Speaker 1: larger than females as you know, and um insects, the

786
00:48:18,480 --> 00:48:23,399
Speaker 1: female is often larger. So, like I mentioned earlier, they're

787
00:48:23,440 --> 00:48:27,600
Speaker 1: famous for smelling like popcorn or corn chips, a real

788
00:48:27,760 --> 00:48:32,000
Speaker 1: yummy smell, and that that nice, pleasant popcorny smell is

789
00:48:32,040 --> 00:48:38,080
Speaker 1: coming from their scrotal or volval glands. Oh it's their stink. Yeah,

790
00:48:38,160 --> 00:48:40,839
Speaker 1: it's their musk. So they have they have some scent

791
00:48:40,960 --> 00:48:45,960
Speaker 1: glands located near their genitals that they used to mark

792
00:48:46,480 --> 00:48:52,879
Speaker 1: and uh that it smells like fresh buttery popcorn. Wait

793
00:48:52,880 --> 00:48:54,840
Speaker 1: a minute, So I think I heard and didn't believe

794
00:48:54,840 --> 00:48:58,200
Speaker 1: one time, that vanilla extract, something from vanilla extract comes

795
00:48:58,280 --> 00:49:01,640
Speaker 1: from like beaver scent gland ends. Is that true? I

796
00:49:01,680 --> 00:49:05,480
Speaker 1: don't know. I don't think so what well, it seems

797
00:49:05,520 --> 00:49:07,400
Speaker 1: to make sense based on what you're saying, I mean,

798
00:49:07,920 --> 00:49:11,840
Speaker 1: vanilla extract. I thought vanilla extract came from the vanilla

799
00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:16,080
Speaker 1: bean plant for sure, But I but I heard. I

800
00:49:16,080 --> 00:49:17,960
Speaker 1: heard there was like a synthetic version of it that

801
00:49:18,040 --> 00:49:21,480
Speaker 1: came from like beaver scent pouches. But you know, people

802
00:49:21,520 --> 00:49:23,120
Speaker 1: say all kinds of stuff, but at the same time,

803
00:49:23,200 --> 00:49:26,520
Speaker 1: like what they can't bottle this uh this gland juice

804
00:49:26,760 --> 00:49:30,320
Speaker 1: and make buttered popcorn. I don't know that's a good question.

805
00:49:30,360 --> 00:49:34,319
Speaker 1: I'm actually I actually looked up beaver butt uh and

806
00:49:34,440 --> 00:49:37,919
Speaker 1: vanilla and I found a National Geographic article that says

807
00:49:37,960 --> 00:49:42,560
Speaker 1: beaver butts emit good use for vanilla flavoring. Yeah, substitute

808
00:49:42,600 --> 00:49:47,080
Speaker 1: vanilla flavor uh and then sometimes raspberry or strawberry. It's

809
00:49:47,120 --> 00:49:53,200
Speaker 1: called castareum um and the US f d A list

810
00:49:53,280 --> 00:49:57,320
Speaker 1: castoreum as generally regarded as safe. I wish that they would,

811
00:49:57,320 --> 00:50:02,800
Speaker 1: like do like, generally regarded as safe but disgusting. Yeah. Also,

812
00:50:02,840 --> 00:50:05,440
Speaker 1: I just sounded when last fact about that. I also

813
00:50:05,480 --> 00:50:11,200
Speaker 1: found castorum was used in Sweden to flavor schnops, and

814
00:50:11,200 --> 00:50:14,960
Speaker 1: they have one called Literally it translates in English to

815
00:50:15,040 --> 00:50:22,040
Speaker 1: beaver shout. It's it's beaver butt juice booze. This. This

816
00:50:22,120 --> 00:50:24,920
Speaker 1: is weird too, because now I'm thinking, like, when I

817
00:50:24,960 --> 00:50:29,400
Speaker 1: go to movie theaters, am I smelling actual popcorn? Or

818
00:50:29,480 --> 00:50:32,960
Speaker 1: am I smelling bent a wrong booty? Probably not bent

819
00:50:33,120 --> 00:50:37,520
Speaker 1: wrongs unless you're in a forest in Southeast Asia. Okay,

820
00:50:38,120 --> 00:50:40,640
Speaker 1: I mean it is interesting. I think these are pretty

821
00:50:40,680 --> 00:50:44,440
Speaker 1: these are threatened or endangered animals. Um. Otherwise it'd be

822
00:50:44,520 --> 00:50:48,320
Speaker 1: great to harvest their butt juices to make artificial popcorn.

823
00:50:49,920 --> 00:50:52,480
Speaker 1: Can people keep these as pets or do they? I

824
00:50:52,520 --> 00:50:56,600
Speaker 1: don't know. They shouldn't and you wouldn't want to. But

825
00:50:57,160 --> 00:51:01,240
Speaker 1: do people keep exotic animals as pests that they definitely shouldn't.

826
00:51:01,239 --> 00:51:04,239
Speaker 1: I mean that does happen. Um. They are at the

827
00:51:04,280 --> 00:51:09,719
Speaker 1: San Diego Zoo. Uh. And I looked up the They

828
00:51:09,800 --> 00:51:13,440
Speaker 1: say that they get fed a diet that includes primate biscuits,

829
00:51:13,520 --> 00:51:16,000
Speaker 1: which is so cute, sounding like we made you a

830
00:51:16,000 --> 00:51:21,160
Speaker 1: little special biscuit. Bent Wrongs aren't primates, but I guess

831
00:51:21,160 --> 00:51:24,160
Speaker 1: that they are have a similar diet because they're omnivorous.

832
00:51:24,440 --> 00:51:28,759
Speaker 1: Are they intelligent, I don't know. I think they're, you know,

833
00:51:28,800 --> 00:51:33,279
Speaker 1: about as intelligent as like a like a weasel or

834
00:51:33,280 --> 00:51:38,520
Speaker 1: a cat, which is to say, possibly like just containing

835
00:51:38,520 --> 00:51:41,359
Speaker 1: the wisdom of the universe. But sometimes they sit there

836
00:51:41,360 --> 00:51:43,080
Speaker 1: and like their own butt hole for hours, so it's

837
00:51:43,120 --> 00:51:47,759
Speaker 1: hard to know. It's because of the popcorn smell. Man,

838
00:51:47,840 --> 00:51:52,480
Speaker 1: if my butthole smell like popcorn. Uh. And then one

839
00:51:52,520 --> 00:51:54,840
Speaker 1: other cool fact is that they can turn their ankles

840
00:51:55,239 --> 00:51:58,200
Speaker 1: and eighty degrees, so in theory, they could open doors

841
00:51:59,680 --> 00:52:03,000
Speaker 1: like no, too far, too far. So if you if

842
00:52:03,000 --> 00:52:05,799
Speaker 1: you're like at home and you suddenly hear a door

843
00:52:05,880 --> 00:52:09,319
Speaker 1: creak open and the scent of popcorn wasps in the air,

844
00:52:09,400 --> 00:52:13,800
Speaker 1: and you hear the footsteps and a black, shaggy figure,

845
00:52:14,880 --> 00:52:19,239
Speaker 1: it's probably me actually, and I've come over and brought

846
00:52:19,360 --> 00:52:25,440
Speaker 1: some some popcorn and I'm covered in dog hair. Classic, right,

847
00:52:25,480 --> 00:52:28,680
Speaker 1: I'm loving the horror movie set up here. So now

848
00:52:29,680 --> 00:52:33,880
Speaker 1: let's go back to imagination Land, imagination station, home of

849
00:52:33,920 --> 00:52:38,600
Speaker 1: the Brain. Uh So, now, imagine you're in the grasslands

850
00:52:38,600 --> 00:52:43,239
Speaker 1: of South America. You smell something distinct and it's not popcorn,

851
00:52:43,920 --> 00:52:47,680
Speaker 1: but yes, it's the unmistakable odor of that dank ass

852
00:52:47,880 --> 00:52:51,480
Speaker 1: or my dude, some four twenties, some of that old

853
00:52:51,680 --> 00:52:55,239
Speaker 1: devil lettuce. You look around, ready to choke it up

854
00:52:55,239 --> 00:52:58,760
Speaker 1: with someone, but instead you see a deer. No wait,

855
00:52:59,120 --> 00:53:03,120
Speaker 1: that's no, dear. It comes closer and closer, with long, long,

856
00:53:03,200 --> 00:53:06,640
Speaker 1: spindly legs, a red body, a black maine, the tail

857
00:53:06,680 --> 00:53:10,000
Speaker 1: of a fox, and the head of a wolf. So

858
00:53:10,120 --> 00:53:13,520
Speaker 1: this is the main wolf, which is not a wolf,

859
00:53:13,680 --> 00:53:17,400
Speaker 1: and they're not a fox but a distinct species of kenid.

860
00:53:17,840 --> 00:53:20,640
Speaker 1: So if you guys, I've sent you a picture of

861
00:53:20,680 --> 00:53:25,080
Speaker 1: this this guy, and it's really incredible looking because its

862
00:53:25,160 --> 00:53:27,600
Speaker 1: legs do not look like they go with the animal.

863
00:53:28,080 --> 00:53:30,799
Speaker 1: It's got a real set of gams. Yeah, it's it's

864
00:53:30,800 --> 00:53:32,600
Speaker 1: also it's all kinds of wrong, You're right, Like the

865
00:53:32,640 --> 00:53:36,480
Speaker 1: proportions seem off, like the head size versus the legs,

866
00:53:36,520 --> 00:53:39,040
Speaker 1: and it's got this dainty little posture with the front

867
00:53:39,120 --> 00:53:41,560
Speaker 1: legs crossed over each other and has come hither. Look

868
00:53:41,840 --> 00:53:46,960
Speaker 1: and these acted to this wolf. Look, I'm working through

869
00:53:47,000 --> 00:53:51,640
Speaker 1: some feelings right now. Um yeah, a k A wolf Maine.

870
00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:54,759
Speaker 1: Because it smells like it smells like weed apparently right,

871
00:53:54,800 --> 00:53:57,799
Speaker 1: it does smell like weed in fact, But how much

872
00:53:57,840 --> 00:54:01,440
Speaker 1: cooler can this wolf? It looks it looks like, again,

873
00:54:01,520 --> 00:54:04,759
Speaker 1: like a character you would see in Spirited Away or

874
00:54:04,800 --> 00:54:07,480
Speaker 1: something from Princess. No, it totally looked like the spirit

875
00:54:07,520 --> 00:54:12,239
Speaker 1: of the forest, like the human face and spirit. Yeah, okay,

876
00:54:12,320 --> 00:54:15,920
Speaker 1: yeah exactly. And it smells like we this cat is

877
00:54:16,480 --> 00:54:19,160
Speaker 1: this is too cool for school? So yeah, they have urine,

878
00:54:19,480 --> 00:54:22,239
Speaker 1: uh that they used to mark their territory. And it

879
00:54:22,360 --> 00:54:27,319
Speaker 1: smells so strongly of marijuana that at the Rotterdam Zoo

880
00:54:27,320 --> 00:54:31,640
Speaker 1: where they kept main wolves. Cops were looking around, uh,

881
00:54:31,680 --> 00:54:36,080
Speaker 1: scouring the zoo for pot smokers because they're like, we

882
00:54:36,200 --> 00:54:39,280
Speaker 1: keep we keep smelling pot. But it was just wolf

883
00:54:39,320 --> 00:54:44,000
Speaker 1: p weird. Okay, I think it's less cool now that

884
00:54:44,080 --> 00:54:48,000
Speaker 1: I know it's the urine that smells like marijuana. But

885
00:54:48,600 --> 00:54:50,960
Speaker 1: still I visited in the zoo. Wait a minute, are

886
00:54:50,960 --> 00:54:52,640
Speaker 1: you saying it's not okay to smoke weed at the

887
00:54:52,719 --> 00:54:56,200
Speaker 1: Rotterdam Zoo? I guess not. That's my that's my take away,

888
00:54:56,280 --> 00:54:58,520
Speaker 1: you know what. I actually, when I was researching this,

889
00:54:58,760 --> 00:55:01,360
Speaker 1: that was the most surprising thing to me. Not that

890
00:55:01,440 --> 00:55:04,560
Speaker 1: their pie smells like marijuana, because like, I'm so used

891
00:55:04,600 --> 00:55:07,600
Speaker 1: to whatever weird animal things they get up to. But

892
00:55:07,840 --> 00:55:11,640
Speaker 1: the fact that, like in Rotterdam, they're so invested in

893
00:55:11,719 --> 00:55:14,879
Speaker 1: stopping people from smoking pot at the zoo blows my mind.

894
00:55:16,280 --> 00:55:20,439
Speaker 1: It's like a known issue with the Rotterdam Everyone goes

895
00:55:20,440 --> 00:55:22,319
Speaker 1: there to get high. Well, I mean, you can smoke

896
00:55:22,360 --> 00:55:24,799
Speaker 1: weed openly in Rotterdam, right, I guess what I was.

897
00:55:25,160 --> 00:55:27,560
Speaker 1: I don't know. I guess not at the zoo though

898
00:55:28,080 --> 00:55:30,200
Speaker 1: maybe not. It's for children. You got to stick to

899
00:55:30,239 --> 00:55:33,399
Speaker 1: your your hashbars and your like the proprietor. I'm thinking

900
00:55:33,400 --> 00:55:35,839
Speaker 1: of pulp fiction. Now. It's four twenty pm right now,

901
00:55:35,960 --> 00:55:38,520
Speaker 1: just definitely in here in Atlanta, Georgia. It's only one

902
00:55:38,560 --> 00:55:45,759
Speaker 1: twenty here. Um. That is funny though for twenty dude.

903
00:55:46,239 --> 00:55:50,719
Speaker 1: Uh So, like I said, main wolves aren't actually wolves. Uh.

904
00:55:50,880 --> 00:55:57,040
Speaker 1: They are this this species of canad that um uh

905
00:55:57,400 --> 00:56:01,440
Speaker 1: evolved these like weird dear like legs. Uh. And they

906
00:56:01,640 --> 00:56:03,920
Speaker 1: kind of look like a fox, a deer and a

907
00:56:03,920 --> 00:56:07,480
Speaker 1: wolf had an orgy and just like popped out. There's

908
00:56:07,520 --> 00:56:11,040
Speaker 1: a weird animal. Um. So they're about three ft tall

909
00:56:11,080 --> 00:56:13,160
Speaker 1: and they weigh about fifty pounds, so again kind of

910
00:56:13,200 --> 00:56:17,520
Speaker 1: like uh purport like their proportions are all different. But

911
00:56:17,520 --> 00:56:20,600
Speaker 1: they're about the size of a bent a wrong um

912
00:56:21,040 --> 00:56:25,439
Speaker 1: And Uh. They're omnivores and they're solitary hunters, so they're

913
00:56:25,440 --> 00:56:29,759
Speaker 1: not really like wolves in their social structure. Uh. They're

914
00:56:30,360 --> 00:56:33,480
Speaker 1: this is cute. They're actually monogamous. So they lived together

915
00:56:33,600 --> 00:56:38,640
Speaker 1: with their life partner and they'll um stick together. And

916
00:56:38,719 --> 00:56:42,680
Speaker 1: so I think they their partner do hunt together to

917
00:56:42,760 --> 00:56:45,120
Speaker 1: some extent, but I don't think they actually work together

918
00:56:45,360 --> 00:56:47,839
Speaker 1: in the same way that like a wolf pack structure does.

919
00:56:47,880 --> 00:56:51,560
Speaker 1: But they do stick with one partner typically speaking, which

920
00:56:51,600 --> 00:56:55,680
Speaker 1: is really cute, and they also have a roarer bark,

921
00:56:56,160 --> 00:57:12,759
Speaker 1: which is really unique. Wow, that's cool. It does kind

922
00:57:12,760 --> 00:57:17,480
Speaker 1: of sound like like death metal screaming. Imagine hearing that that,

923
00:57:17,960 --> 00:57:21,640
Speaker 1: like like you smell weed and you're smoking weed and

924
00:57:21,760 --> 00:57:24,440
Speaker 1: you hear that. Yeah. Oh, I couldn't deal with that.

925
00:57:24,560 --> 00:57:26,760
Speaker 1: So you're one of your stoner metal brethren are coming

926
00:57:26,800 --> 00:57:29,400
Speaker 1: to join you, you know, because they're they're out there

927
00:57:29,480 --> 00:57:35,560
Speaker 1: vocalizing and that's crazy. So now I want to move

928
00:57:35,600 --> 00:57:39,680
Speaker 1: on to one of the most unfortunate looking monkeys I've

929
00:57:39,720 --> 00:57:43,120
Speaker 1: ever seen. So this is the black and white, young

930
00:57:43,240 --> 00:57:47,000
Speaker 1: and snub nosed monkey. They're Old World monkeys who live

931
00:57:47,000 --> 00:57:52,480
Speaker 1: in China, and they lack nasal bones and they have vibrant,

932
00:57:52,600 --> 00:57:56,480
Speaker 1: huge pink lips. Uh. And honestly, they kind of look

933
00:57:56,560 --> 00:57:59,640
Speaker 1: like those pictures of like when someone gets plastic surgery

934
00:57:59,840 --> 00:58:03,880
Speaker 1: and it goes terribly wrong. So I showed you guys

935
00:58:04,200 --> 00:58:07,720
Speaker 1: that picture. As you can see, they have no nose

936
00:58:08,000 --> 00:58:11,640
Speaker 1: and just these huge, voluptuous lips. I mean, it looks

937
00:58:11,640 --> 00:58:14,400
Speaker 1: like a photoshop fail. I'm not gonna lie. I mean

938
00:58:14,960 --> 00:58:17,920
Speaker 1: it really does. The lips look very Uncanny Valley. The

939
00:58:18,000 --> 00:58:20,600
Speaker 1: tone of them doesn't match anything else on their body.

940
00:58:20,960 --> 00:58:24,400
Speaker 1: It looks like absolutely all mixed up. I was so,

941
00:58:24,480 --> 00:58:27,400
Speaker 1: I was so taken with the nose. I've seen these

942
00:58:27,440 --> 00:58:31,360
Speaker 1: monkeys before, and I remember I was in a conversation

943
00:58:31,400 --> 00:58:34,280
Speaker 1: with someone about what they do when it rains, like

944
00:58:34,320 --> 00:58:38,240
Speaker 1: they can't look up because the water would get into

945
00:58:38,280 --> 00:58:41,960
Speaker 1: their nasal passages. But I never noticed the lips. I

946
00:58:42,000 --> 00:58:44,680
Speaker 1: was so taken by the nose. And now these yeah,

947
00:58:44,720 --> 00:58:47,479
Speaker 1: I'd agree, I'd agree with you, man. These these lips

948
00:58:47,520 --> 00:58:54,200
Speaker 1: look photo shops from real like Kylie genneral lips. Yeah. Why, Well,

949
00:58:54,280 --> 00:58:57,560
Speaker 1: I feel like I'm asking that question continually here. Well

950
00:58:57,640 --> 00:59:01,240
Speaker 1: to know why, first, let's talk a bit about their habitat.

951
00:59:01,360 --> 00:59:05,880
Speaker 1: They're one of the um highest altitude of all the primates.

952
00:59:06,200 --> 00:59:10,760
Speaker 1: They live around fifteen thousand feet above sea level UM.

953
00:59:10,800 --> 00:59:14,000
Speaker 1: The freezing cold at these high altitudes mean that if

954
00:59:14,040 --> 00:59:16,800
Speaker 1: they had a nose, it would probably just get frost

955
00:59:16,840 --> 00:59:20,240
Speaker 1: bite all the time. So they just don't have one.

956
00:59:20,880 --> 00:59:23,560
Speaker 1: That's how they solve that problem, is like nose keeps

957
00:59:23,600 --> 00:59:26,840
Speaker 1: falling off, Well, just don't just don't be born with

958
00:59:27,040 --> 00:59:31,880
Speaker 1: enough um And yeah, when it's it rains. They'll also

959
00:59:32,040 --> 00:59:34,640
Speaker 1: sneeze a lot because it gets in their nose and

960
00:59:34,680 --> 00:59:38,240
Speaker 1: they have to sneeze it out. Um. And there's not

961
00:59:38,400 --> 00:59:41,160
Speaker 1: that much food and nourishment up here, so they actually

962
00:59:41,160 --> 00:59:44,120
Speaker 1: have evolved to be able to eat lichen off of trees,

963
00:59:44,680 --> 00:59:48,840
Speaker 1: which normally you can't really digestive, but they've developed special

964
00:59:48,960 --> 00:59:53,000
Speaker 1: digestive techniques for being able to get nutrition from the

965
00:59:53,040 --> 00:59:58,000
Speaker 1: lichen um. And as for those juicy lips, uh, that

966
00:59:58,360 --> 01:00:03,160
Speaker 1: actually could be sexual selection, which is really interesting because

967
01:00:03,560 --> 01:00:06,200
Speaker 1: just like in humans, how big red, plump lips are

968
01:00:06,200 --> 01:00:10,840
Speaker 1: considered attractive. This may be considered attractive among these snub

969
01:00:11,000 --> 01:00:14,640
Speaker 1: nose monkeys, but it's more important for the males to

970
01:00:14,760 --> 01:00:18,920
Speaker 1: have these big, red, juicy lips. Um. It's also it

971
01:00:19,000 --> 01:00:22,400
Speaker 1: tends to happen where the older males have redder and

972
01:00:22,800 --> 01:00:26,080
Speaker 1: thicker lips, so that could be a dominant signal. It

973
01:00:26,080 --> 01:00:30,120
Speaker 1: could be a sexual maturity signal. And it's uh, it's

974
01:00:30,200 --> 01:00:32,760
Speaker 1: just it's so great. It's like they look like they

975
01:00:32,800 --> 01:00:35,960
Speaker 1: have had way too many fillers in their lips. No,

976
01:00:36,120 --> 01:00:38,240
Speaker 1: but it sounds like a terrible idea. It's a bad idea.

977
01:00:38,320 --> 01:00:40,640
Speaker 1: Don't do it. But it looks like that like someone

978
01:00:40,720 --> 01:00:43,160
Speaker 1: like put a vacuum hose against their mouth and then

979
01:00:43,360 --> 01:00:47,240
Speaker 1: pull it away and have these like big lips. But

980
01:00:47,320 --> 01:00:50,800
Speaker 1: they're definitely these are just things they are born with

981
01:00:50,880 --> 01:00:54,360
Speaker 1: that increase, I guess in their extreme nature as the

982
01:00:54,360 --> 01:00:58,480
Speaker 1: animal ages. Yeah, man, how are they doing like in

983
01:00:58,560 --> 01:01:01,080
Speaker 1: terms of like as a species or they prevalent or

984
01:01:01,160 --> 01:01:05,640
Speaker 1: are they They're they're very they're very threatened, uh, you know,

985
01:01:06,040 --> 01:01:10,840
Speaker 1: and endangered their um. They have a very small population size,

986
01:01:10,880 --> 01:01:15,840
Speaker 1: so like in the just like severals of thousands um

987
01:01:16,560 --> 01:01:20,800
Speaker 1: so uh. And they also have such a unique habitat

988
01:01:20,840 --> 01:01:24,520
Speaker 1: that uh. And they're so isolated. Uh, there's actually a

989
01:01:24,560 --> 01:01:28,720
Speaker 1: little bit of genetic bottleneck. Uh. So researchers have like

990
01:01:28,880 --> 01:01:32,440
Speaker 1: looked at their genome and found lack of diversity because

991
01:01:32,800 --> 01:01:36,640
Speaker 1: they are such a small population and so insular, which

992
01:01:36,680 --> 01:01:38,320
Speaker 1: is always a little bit of a concern with a

993
01:01:38,440 --> 01:01:41,240
Speaker 1: unique species like this, because, um, when you lack a

994
01:01:41,280 --> 01:01:44,120
Speaker 1: certain amount of genetic diversity, if a change to their

995
01:01:44,200 --> 01:01:47,280
Speaker 1: environment happens or some kind of new disease pops up,

996
01:01:47,360 --> 01:01:49,680
Speaker 1: they are much less likely to be able to cope

997
01:01:49,680 --> 01:01:52,200
Speaker 1: with that. Yeah, maybe you're you know, maybe you were

998
01:01:52,240 --> 01:01:55,960
Speaker 1: onto something with the Kylie genera e kind of earlier,

999
01:01:56,000 --> 01:01:58,439
Speaker 1: because if you could get her on board with this,

1000
01:01:59,080 --> 01:02:02,040
Speaker 1: uh and get her to some stuff on Instagram, if

1001
01:02:02,040 --> 01:02:06,280
Speaker 1: we if we could make these monkeys Instagram models like

1002
01:02:06,360 --> 01:02:09,440
Speaker 1: Instagram stars like that that, and then people would get

1003
01:02:09,440 --> 01:02:17,040
Speaker 1: on board with protecting their earth, even them exact monkey influencers.

1004
01:02:17,240 --> 01:02:19,840
Speaker 1: Oh my god, I can't believe nobody else has The

1005
01:02:21,200 --> 01:02:25,880
Speaker 1: time has come. You know, if you went in for

1006
01:02:25,920 --> 01:02:29,160
Speaker 1: an amputation and the surgeon sowed your leg on backwards,

1007
01:02:29,520 --> 01:02:32,560
Speaker 1: you might think you've got a medical malpractice case. But

1008
01:02:32,720 --> 01:02:37,360
Speaker 1: in some cases this is an intentional procedure. Rotation plasty

1009
01:02:37,560 --> 01:02:40,760
Speaker 1: is a procedure in which the leg is amputated, usually

1010
01:02:40,840 --> 01:02:44,840
Speaker 1: to excise bone cancer. Then the lower part of the leg,

1011
01:02:44,960 --> 01:02:48,960
Speaker 1: if healthy, is reattached to the thigh backwards. The purpose

1012
01:02:49,040 --> 01:02:52,600
Speaker 1: of this is to create an knee using the foot.

1013
01:02:53,040 --> 01:02:55,960
Speaker 1: The ankle has the same hinge motion as the knee,

1014
01:02:56,040 --> 01:02:59,960
Speaker 1: just backwards, so rotating it gives the same locomotion as

1015
01:03:00,120 --> 01:03:03,680
Speaker 1: the knee. This allows people who have had an amputation

1016
01:03:03,720 --> 01:03:06,320
Speaker 1: to have a better range of motion and to adapt

1017
01:03:06,440 --> 01:03:10,280
Speaker 1: prosthetics with more ease, being able to operate a below

1018
01:03:10,320 --> 01:03:14,240
Speaker 1: the knee procethsis more easily. It may look a bit strange,

1019
01:03:14,280 --> 01:03:17,320
Speaker 1: but it's an innovative procedure that can give people a

1020
01:03:17,320 --> 01:03:20,120
Speaker 1: better quality of life. It just goes to show you

1021
01:03:20,320 --> 01:03:24,200
Speaker 1: so called weird anatomy can be incredibly useful. When we

1022
01:03:24,280 --> 01:03:26,760
Speaker 1: get back, we'll look at some of the more intimidating

1023
01:03:26,800 --> 01:03:39,480
Speaker 1: examples of animal anatomy. Dinosaurs. They're big, leathery, with bony

1024
01:03:39,560 --> 01:03:43,280
Speaker 1: claws and pointy heads. Our conception of what dinosaurs look

1025
01:03:43,360 --> 01:03:46,920
Speaker 1: like maybe a misconception due to what's called shrink rapping.

1026
01:03:47,360 --> 01:03:50,560
Speaker 1: Shrink Rapping is when paleo artists artists who try to

1027
01:03:50,600 --> 01:03:53,800
Speaker 1: reconstruct what an animal looks like based on its fossil record,

1028
01:03:54,160 --> 01:03:56,680
Speaker 1: don't include as much muscle, tissue and fat as an

1029
01:03:56,720 --> 01:03:59,880
Speaker 1: animal may have in reality had, which makes them look

1030
01:04:00,000 --> 01:04:03,400
Speaker 1: only in skeletons sunken, sort of like the dinosaurs in

1031
01:04:03,480 --> 01:04:08,040
Speaker 1: Jurassic Park. In the book All Yesterday's Unique and Speculative

1032
01:04:08,080 --> 01:04:11,600
Speaker 1: Views of Dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals, artists made a

1033
01:04:11,680 --> 01:04:13,960
Speaker 1: series of pictures of what did it look like if

1034
01:04:14,000 --> 01:04:17,160
Speaker 1: you did the classic shrink wrapping artistic rendering of living

1035
01:04:17,200 --> 01:04:21,960
Speaker 1: species based on their skeletons. Suddenly swans are horrible monsters

1036
01:04:21,960 --> 01:04:25,440
Speaker 1: with needle like pointy arms. Baboons and squirrels look like

1037
01:04:25,520 --> 01:04:29,520
Speaker 1: grotesque demons. In fact, as we now know, dinosaurs may

1038
01:04:29,560 --> 01:04:32,920
Speaker 1: have been feathery and brightly colored, maybe even a little chubby.

1039
01:04:33,000 --> 01:04:35,920
Speaker 1: Sometimes a t rex may have looked more like a giant,

1040
01:04:35,960 --> 01:04:39,480
Speaker 1: threatening chicken. As we'll find out, our concept of what

1041
01:04:39,600 --> 01:04:42,640
Speaker 1: animals can look like may need to be expanded, and

1042
01:04:42,680 --> 01:04:45,600
Speaker 1: we'll start out with a very large, extinct monster who

1043
01:04:45,640 --> 01:04:51,240
Speaker 1: flew the skies. Sorry you guys. Fans of the Jurassic

1044
01:04:51,480 --> 01:05:00,360
Speaker 1: Park thing franchise, Yeah, one of the first ones really good,

1045
01:05:00,400 --> 01:05:03,080
Speaker 1: and then the most recent one was pretty okay. But

1046
01:05:03,160 --> 01:05:04,880
Speaker 1: the ones in between, I wasn't a huge fan. Maybe

1047
01:05:04,920 --> 01:05:08,040
Speaker 1: you just maybe you just got older and lost the

1048
01:05:08,080 --> 01:05:11,960
Speaker 1: magic of the Jurassic magic. Jurassic Park one totally holds

1049
01:05:12,040 --> 01:05:14,120
Speaker 1: up on repeat viewings, Like even though like it was

1050
01:05:14,160 --> 01:05:18,280
Speaker 1: like the effects looked really great. I can actually I

1051
01:05:18,320 --> 01:05:20,360
Speaker 1: can verify that because when I was a kid, I

1052
01:05:20,400 --> 01:05:23,720
Speaker 1: was too scared to watch Jurassic Park. Um, And then

1053
01:05:23,760 --> 01:05:26,600
Speaker 1: I watched it as an adult, and it really does

1054
01:05:26,640 --> 01:05:32,080
Speaker 1: hold up. It's really good, it's got quotables. Even even

1055
01:05:32,160 --> 01:05:36,040
Speaker 1: just the way the story is structured, you'd still very

1056
01:05:36,080 --> 01:05:39,200
Speaker 1: watchable despite the fact that, as as you pointed out,

1057
01:05:39,280 --> 01:05:43,560
Speaker 1: Katie H, science is showing us that dinosaurs, what we

1058
01:05:43,600 --> 01:05:46,600
Speaker 1: call dinosaurs, may have had a ton of feathers, right

1059
01:05:46,800 --> 01:05:49,200
Speaker 1: instead of just scaly skin. Yeah, they may have been

1060
01:05:49,480 --> 01:05:55,320
Speaker 1: a little fuffy chicken like creatures. Um like imagine t rex,

1061
01:05:55,360 --> 01:05:58,320
Speaker 1: but just like a big old chicken with big, old

1062
01:05:58,360 --> 01:06:01,360
Speaker 1: fuffy feathers. They could have been areful. They could have

1063
01:06:01,440 --> 01:06:06,360
Speaker 1: had like um like gol or pouches and head bobs

1064
01:06:06,440 --> 01:06:11,680
Speaker 1: and yeah, exactly. I think artists are now reimagining dinosaurs

1065
01:06:11,720 --> 01:06:14,600
Speaker 1: more to be more fancy and I love that. And

1066
01:06:15,240 --> 01:06:18,080
Speaker 1: one group of dinosaurs that I think we have a

1067
01:06:18,120 --> 01:06:22,040
Speaker 1: certain conception about them, but it is a misconception is

1068
01:06:22,080 --> 01:06:27,760
Speaker 1: the pterosaurs. So parasaurs are think like the pterodactyl, that's

1069
01:06:27,960 --> 01:06:33,840
Speaker 1: one species of pterosaur, and they're not actually dinosaurs. They're

1070
01:06:33,920 --> 01:06:38,640
Speaker 1: winged reptiles that are extinct that are of the Mesozoic era.

1071
01:06:39,280 --> 01:06:43,960
Speaker 1: So they are just defined as this group of extinct

1072
01:06:44,040 --> 01:06:46,840
Speaker 1: reptile that would have these you know, they have those

1073
01:06:46,960 --> 01:06:50,640
Speaker 1: leathery wings that they can use to fly like a pterodactyl.

1074
01:06:51,320 --> 01:06:53,640
Speaker 1: But I want to talk about one of the most

1075
01:06:53,680 --> 01:07:00,000
Speaker 1: incredible species of pterosaurs, which is the cats acts north raw.

1076
01:07:00,560 --> 01:07:04,360
Speaker 1: Does that sound right? Yeah, catsl coldal is Um. It's

1077
01:07:04,360 --> 01:07:09,440
Speaker 1: a reference to Mayan culture. Yeah, yes, that feathery serpent.

1078
01:07:09,560 --> 01:07:14,600
Speaker 1: God right, the plume serpent and this this thing is

1079
01:07:15,400 --> 01:07:18,520
Speaker 1: I have to ask just looking at maybe a recreation

1080
01:07:19,200 --> 01:07:22,520
Speaker 1: or a model of this. Uh, my first question is

1081
01:07:22,560 --> 01:07:26,919
Speaker 1: could it actually fly? Because that head is ginormous. Yes,

1082
01:07:27,280 --> 01:07:31,760
Speaker 1: I mean I think it could have flown. The scientists

1083
01:07:31,800 --> 01:07:35,200
Speaker 1: actually there were like physicists trying to figure out whether

1084
01:07:35,240 --> 01:07:37,720
Speaker 1: this thing could fly. And it's a little bit of

1085
01:07:37,720 --> 01:07:42,080
Speaker 1: a controversial debate, but most researchers, I think agree that

1086
01:07:42,160 --> 01:07:48,080
Speaker 1: it could indeed fly. Um. Which is insane looking at

1087
01:07:48,120 --> 01:07:52,120
Speaker 1: it because so far our listeners it was it looks

1088
01:07:52,280 --> 01:07:54,920
Speaker 1: sort of pterodactyl like, but it was as tall as

1089
01:07:54,920 --> 01:07:58,880
Speaker 1: a giraffe with a thirty five ft wingspan. It's about

1090
01:07:59,000 --> 01:08:03,400
Speaker 1: the size of a Sas No. One seventy two airplane. Um.

1091
01:08:03,440 --> 01:08:07,160
Speaker 1: It has a long, sharp pointed beak and a really muscular,

1092
01:08:07,280 --> 01:08:12,520
Speaker 1: stiff neck. Uh. And so when they're on the ground, uh,

1093
01:08:12,560 --> 01:08:15,120
Speaker 1: they can fold their wings kind of like I mean

1094
01:08:15,120 --> 01:08:18,759
Speaker 1: like when you see in uh fantasy movies how dragons

1095
01:08:18,800 --> 01:08:20,880
Speaker 1: walk on the ground. Where when they don't have fore

1096
01:08:20,960 --> 01:08:23,759
Speaker 1: legs like uh in Game of Thrones, how the dragons

1097
01:08:23,760 --> 01:08:27,200
Speaker 1: would walk on their folded up wings. That's exactly how

1098
01:08:27,240 --> 01:08:31,760
Speaker 1: these guys would walk on the ground. Paleontologists think, uh,

1099
01:08:31,840 --> 01:08:37,600
Speaker 1: so they actually have a um sort of physical structure

1100
01:08:37,800 --> 01:08:41,360
Speaker 1: similar to large ungulates like giraffes, so they may have

1101
01:08:41,400 --> 01:08:45,920
Speaker 1: been able to walk UM with a similar ease as

1102
01:08:45,960 --> 01:08:49,040
Speaker 1: a giraffe. UM, probably not quite as good because of

1103
01:08:49,080 --> 01:08:54,160
Speaker 1: those big old flappity wings UM and uh. Some researchers

1104
01:08:54,200 --> 01:08:58,160
Speaker 1: actually think that they could have made transcontinental flights because

1105
01:08:58,200 --> 01:09:00,920
Speaker 1: they're just so dang big. They may be caught the

1106
01:09:01,000 --> 01:09:03,840
Speaker 1: right thermal or something and could cost for a while.

1107
01:09:05,400 --> 01:09:07,840
Speaker 1: So looking at this thing, though, like I mean, I

1108
01:09:08,479 --> 01:09:10,400
Speaker 1: leave flying out of it. I don't feel like they'd

1109
01:09:10,439 --> 01:09:12,120
Speaker 1: be able to stand up right. That head is so huge.

1110
01:09:12,160 --> 01:09:14,120
Speaker 1: I feel like they would just like topple over. But

1111
01:09:14,160 --> 01:09:16,479
Speaker 1: I guess the only the only explanation there is was

1112
01:09:16,520 --> 01:09:18,840
Speaker 1: the beak like really light or something like does it

1113
01:09:18,880 --> 01:09:21,519
Speaker 1: just looks so top heavy and unwieldy. I mean, I

1114
01:09:21,560 --> 01:09:24,160
Speaker 1: think it's just their their vertebrae. If you look at

1115
01:09:24,360 --> 01:09:29,200
Speaker 1: um a skeletal uh, the fossil and the skeleton of it.

1116
01:09:29,240 --> 01:09:34,080
Speaker 1: Their vertebrae were huge, just these really thick, thick u

1117
01:09:34,320 --> 01:09:38,480
Speaker 1: structures um, and then couple that with some really swollen

1118
01:09:38,520 --> 01:09:41,439
Speaker 1: neck muscles, and then I think a beak, which is

1119
01:09:41,520 --> 01:09:43,360
Speaker 1: you know, a lot of their head is, you know,

1120
01:09:43,400 --> 01:09:46,000
Speaker 1: the the beak structure, even though that's quite large, it

1121
01:09:46,080 --> 01:09:49,000
Speaker 1: is hollow for the most part. And then you know,

1122
01:09:49,080 --> 01:09:51,880
Speaker 1: the head is obviously pretty heavy, but then that the

1123
01:09:51,920 --> 01:09:54,639
Speaker 1: little bump on top of the fleshy bump on top

1124
01:09:54,680 --> 01:09:57,280
Speaker 1: of their beak is probably pretty light too, So I

1125
01:09:57,880 --> 01:10:00,040
Speaker 1: can see how they do it because like if the

1126
01:10:00,040 --> 01:10:05,879
Speaker 1: their neck vertebrae are just real chunky, yeah, they definitely

1127
01:10:05,880 --> 01:10:09,280
Speaker 1: have feathers, right, They may have had feathers, so there's

1128
01:10:09,360 --> 01:10:13,560
Speaker 1: evidence other pterosaurs had primitive feathers to keep them warm.

1129
01:10:13,600 --> 01:10:17,280
Speaker 1: So there's a real good chance that they were just big, feathery,

1130
01:10:17,600 --> 01:10:25,240
Speaker 1: huge monsters, which is pretty incredible. So in DARFA, you know,

1131
01:10:25,320 --> 01:10:29,959
Speaker 1: the defense contracting company that they like to do robots

1132
01:10:30,000 --> 01:10:35,880
Speaker 1: and weird technology stuff, they used one of these guys,

1133
01:10:35,960 --> 01:10:41,320
Speaker 1: the cats akodalists north Ropy as a model for an

1134
01:10:41,400 --> 01:10:45,360
Speaker 1: unmanned ornithopter. Uh So that's a flying vehicle that uses

1135
01:10:45,439 --> 01:10:50,960
Speaker 1: flapping wing motions and it was this unmanned flying uh

1136
01:10:51,280 --> 01:10:55,840
Speaker 1: like tarosaur. Vehicle was eighteen feet and had a weight

1137
01:10:56,040 --> 01:11:01,640
Speaker 1: of forty pounds. And I can't find out what like,

1138
01:11:01,760 --> 01:11:03,760
Speaker 1: I think they just have it in a museum because

1139
01:11:04,040 --> 01:11:08,040
Speaker 1: it doesn't sound like it worked too good. No, but

1140
01:11:08,200 --> 01:11:10,439
Speaker 1: that would be funny because like now we have drones,

1141
01:11:10,520 --> 01:11:14,120
Speaker 1: which are less funny, but the like if drones just

1142
01:11:14,240 --> 01:11:16,759
Speaker 1: like we're big things that were like flapping their wings

1143
01:11:16,920 --> 01:11:21,200
Speaker 1: trying to go unnoticed, like don't mind me, normal giant

1144
01:11:21,960 --> 01:11:28,519
Speaker 1: pterodactyl soor yeah, that's you know, there's a reason that

1145
01:11:28,640 --> 01:11:32,519
Speaker 1: we don't catch a lot of ornithopters at the airport

1146
01:11:32,640 --> 01:11:36,280
Speaker 1: now it right, Yeah, it's not when you can have

1147
01:11:36,479 --> 01:11:39,720
Speaker 1: a plane like structure where you the energy is not

1148
01:11:39,880 --> 01:11:43,640
Speaker 1: in the flapping motion but rather uh fuel situation, that

1149
01:11:43,840 --> 01:11:46,800
Speaker 1: is a lot better. But they didn't learn their lesson

1150
01:11:46,800 --> 01:11:49,640
Speaker 1: because in two thousand and nine they created a hummingbird

1151
01:11:49,720 --> 01:11:54,479
Speaker 1: sized ornithopter um, which it actually worked a lot better.

1152
01:11:54,560 --> 01:11:57,439
Speaker 1: It looks like and it's really creepy, and I guess

1153
01:11:57,479 --> 01:11:59,040
Speaker 1: now we kind of have to worry that maybe a

1154
01:11:59,120 --> 01:12:03,120
Speaker 1: hummingbird is a government robot. Have you guys heard of that?

1155
01:12:03,360 --> 01:12:08,120
Speaker 1: Like birds Aren't Real campaign. I support that entirely. I'm

1156
01:12:08,160 --> 01:12:12,160
Speaker 1: just putting that out there. Um. I hate to say this,

1157
01:12:12,439 --> 01:12:15,479
Speaker 1: but this is another feather in their cap, so to speak,

1158
01:12:15,560 --> 01:12:21,080
Speaker 1: because they did create robot hummingbirds. Um. I'm always getting

1159
01:12:21,120 --> 01:12:23,800
Speaker 1: harassed about that because I owned the pro bird rights

1160
01:12:24,040 --> 01:12:27,960
Speaker 1: Twitter account. Um, so people are always like saying, well,

1161
01:12:28,040 --> 01:12:32,080
Speaker 1: did you know birds aren't real? Um, which is offensive

1162
01:12:32,160 --> 01:12:35,640
Speaker 1: to me and my people. Actually, yeah, we get a

1163
01:12:35,680 --> 01:12:37,200
Speaker 1: lot of that on our other show stuff they don't

1164
01:12:37,200 --> 01:12:39,519
Speaker 1: want to know, but it's mainly from flat earthers, So

1165
01:12:39,800 --> 01:12:42,920
Speaker 1: we feel your pain on that. Yes, yeah, really like

1166
01:12:43,200 --> 01:12:46,320
Speaker 1: just people writing in and saying like that the Earth

1167
01:12:46,439 --> 01:12:50,360
Speaker 1: is flat and yeah, basically you guys are that. You

1168
01:12:50,400 --> 01:12:52,680
Speaker 1: guys are idiots, and uh, you know, get off your

1169
01:12:52,760 --> 01:12:56,120
Speaker 1: high horse. I'll send you. I'll send you some some

1170
01:12:56,520 --> 01:13:01,000
Speaker 1: choice words. Typically have been a him of some rebuttal

1171
01:13:01,160 --> 01:13:04,840
Speaker 1: videos to regarding the flat Earth, and I found them

1172
01:13:05,040 --> 01:13:08,680
Speaker 1: massively endearing. So, you know, if you're fighting a good fight,

1173
01:13:08,760 --> 01:13:12,519
Speaker 1: whether bird rights or the shape of the planet, you

1174
01:13:12,680 --> 01:13:16,360
Speaker 1: just gotta you gotta take the long game. Look, I'm

1175
01:13:16,400 --> 01:13:20,320
Speaker 1: actually a kangaroo vagina earther. I think that's the shape,

1176
01:13:22,560 --> 01:13:27,200
Speaker 1: you know. I have been reading the blog of your organization,

1177
01:13:27,360 --> 01:13:33,000
Speaker 1: the Kangaroo Vagina Earther's uh dot blog spot dot yeah, yeah, yeah,

1178
01:13:33,080 --> 01:13:36,880
Speaker 1: And I gotta say I I, uh, I don't entirely agree,

1179
01:13:36,960 --> 01:13:39,880
Speaker 1: but I think you raised some valid and fascinating points.

1180
01:13:39,920 --> 01:13:44,000
Speaker 1: Would you agree nor? Oh? Absolutely? I just want to

1181
01:13:44,080 --> 01:13:48,200
Speaker 1: I just want to start a conversation. I'm just looking

1182
01:13:48,280 --> 01:13:50,560
Speaker 1: for a new movement to get behind, you know, and

1183
01:13:50,680 --> 01:13:53,240
Speaker 1: this this seems like the one for me. Well, you, guys,

1184
01:13:53,479 --> 01:13:56,960
Speaker 1: I want to take you back to imagination station. HM.

1185
01:13:57,080 --> 01:14:00,719
Speaker 1: Imagine you're trapesing through the zag Gross mountains of western

1186
01:14:00,800 --> 01:14:05,439
Speaker 1: Iran and suddenly you see a spider crawling on a rock.

1187
01:14:06,000 --> 01:14:09,560
Speaker 1: Oh no, it's a spider. But maybe you listen to

1188
01:14:09,640 --> 01:14:14,000
Speaker 1: this podcast, so you know that most spiders are friends, uh,

1189
01:14:14,080 --> 01:14:16,439
Speaker 1: And you reached down to pet the spider, which I'm

1190
01:14:16,479 --> 01:14:19,800
Speaker 1: not actually recommending that you do that. Don't pet spiders,

1191
01:14:20,040 --> 01:14:22,080
Speaker 1: you know some of them are venomous, but also just

1192
01:14:22,200 --> 01:14:24,120
Speaker 1: like they don't want to be pet by you. But

1193
01:14:24,280 --> 01:14:27,519
Speaker 1: you do it for some reason, and suddenly the rock

1194
01:14:27,680 --> 01:14:33,760
Speaker 1: transforms into a viper and eats your face. So yea,

1195
01:14:34,280 --> 01:14:39,360
Speaker 1: that's I want to talk about something called the spider

1196
01:14:39,560 --> 01:14:45,639
Speaker 1: tailed horned viper, which is how it sounds like. UM.

1197
01:14:46,000 --> 01:14:50,280
Speaker 1: It is found in Iran UH in the in western Iran,

1198
01:14:50,520 --> 01:14:54,920
Speaker 1: like in the mountains. UH. It has a unique adaptation

1199
01:14:55,120 --> 01:14:59,080
Speaker 1: to lure in birds to prey upon, So it has

1200
01:14:59,520 --> 01:15:03,559
Speaker 1: UH it's called a caudle lure, which is science words

1201
01:15:03,680 --> 01:15:08,080
Speaker 1: for a bamboozel tail. The tail ends in a bulb

1202
01:15:08,680 --> 01:15:12,320
Speaker 1: and along the tail are these elongated spindle le scales

1203
01:15:13,080 --> 01:15:15,680
Speaker 1: UH that kind of look like insect legs. So the

1204
01:15:15,840 --> 01:15:18,879
Speaker 1: total effect is that it looks like this weird spider.

1205
01:15:19,640 --> 01:15:22,280
Speaker 1: And then what the snake does is it kind of

1206
01:15:22,400 --> 01:15:26,200
Speaker 1: twirls and slowly moves its tail around, and the effect

1207
01:15:26,360 --> 01:15:30,559
Speaker 1: looks extremely convincingly like a crawling spider. When I first

1208
01:15:30,560 --> 01:15:32,559
Speaker 1: saw this, I didn't know what I was looking at,

1209
01:15:32,800 --> 01:15:35,479
Speaker 1: so I just thought it was like a spider crawling around.

1210
01:15:35,560 --> 01:15:41,679
Speaker 1: And then suddenly this viper appears out of nowhere, because yeah,

1211
01:15:41,920 --> 01:15:46,040
Speaker 1: the the viper itself has camouflaged, so it blends right

1212
01:15:46,080 --> 01:15:49,080
Speaker 1: in with the rocks, except that its tail, which sticks

1213
01:15:49,120 --> 01:15:51,800
Speaker 1: out and looks like a spider. So the birds all

1214
01:15:51,880 --> 01:15:55,560
Speaker 1: they see is this juicy looking spider moving around, and

1215
01:15:55,640 --> 01:15:58,479
Speaker 1: then they go and attack the tail, and there was

1216
01:15:58,560 --> 01:16:02,760
Speaker 1: one video I particularly liked because it showed a bird

1217
01:16:03,479 --> 01:16:06,920
Speaker 1: attack the tail that it thought was the spider, and

1218
01:16:06,960 --> 01:16:09,680
Speaker 1: then the viper kind of like um lunges at it,

1219
01:16:09,720 --> 01:16:12,120
Speaker 1: and the bird flies away temporarily, and then it comes

1220
01:16:12,240 --> 01:16:16,280
Speaker 1: back and attacks the spider or the fake spider tail again,

1221
01:16:16,800 --> 01:16:19,040
Speaker 1: and then the snake like eats. It's just does not

1222
01:16:19,320 --> 01:16:21,720
Speaker 1: learn its lesson. Oh may, but I want to say,

1223
01:16:21,720 --> 01:16:23,479
Speaker 1: like this, this viper needs to get a job with

1224
01:16:23,560 --> 01:16:26,559
Speaker 1: like the Jim Henson Company, because there's some serious finesse

1225
01:16:26,920 --> 01:16:30,400
Speaker 1: to this, like puppeteering with this fake spider. I mean

1226
01:16:30,479 --> 01:16:34,320
Speaker 1: it's not just I mean it's there's some real subtlety

1227
01:16:34,439 --> 01:16:36,240
Speaker 1: to the way the thing moves to make it look

1228
01:16:36,280 --> 01:16:38,600
Speaker 1: like a crawling creature. And you're right, like I was

1229
01:16:38,640 --> 01:16:40,519
Speaker 1: totally taken viper. I'm like, what am I looking at?

1230
01:16:40,720 --> 01:16:42,719
Speaker 1: I thought it was a rock with a spider crawling

1231
01:16:42,760 --> 01:16:45,720
Speaker 1: on And then yeah, the plot twist is when you

1232
01:16:45,800 --> 01:16:48,960
Speaker 1: realize the viper's there the whole time, right right exactly.

1233
01:16:49,000 --> 01:16:51,920
Speaker 1: The Viper's just like eat is me? I am? I

1234
01:16:52,040 --> 01:16:57,240
Speaker 1: am kermit? The spider do not worry. So it's it's

1235
01:16:57,320 --> 01:17:02,200
Speaker 1: interesting because this looks like, uh, this is an amazing adaptation.

1236
01:17:02,520 --> 01:17:06,960
Speaker 1: It reminds me very much of the adaptation that rattlesnakes have.

1237
01:17:08,160 --> 01:17:12,639
Speaker 1: It's like the same what did you call the caudal area, yeah,

1238
01:17:13,240 --> 01:17:16,360
Speaker 1: which just means tail area. Yeah. Okay, so they went

1239
01:17:16,439 --> 01:17:18,800
Speaker 1: into a different direction, and I gotta say, these are

1240
01:17:20,479 --> 01:17:23,519
Speaker 1: I don't know. I've always loved the rattlesnake adaptation because

1241
01:17:23,520 --> 01:17:26,280
Speaker 1: it's like they have their own Morocca, you know. But

1242
01:17:26,479 --> 01:17:29,479
Speaker 1: this is like a level up version though, right, it's crazy. Yeah,

1243
01:17:29,560 --> 01:17:34,720
Speaker 1: they sacrifice puppeteer. They've sacrificed percussion for puppeteering, you know

1244
01:17:34,800 --> 01:17:36,920
Speaker 1: what I mean. If you could get like a rattlesnake

1245
01:17:37,000 --> 01:17:39,080
Speaker 1: and one of these vipers together, you got a show.

1246
01:17:39,960 --> 01:17:43,519
Speaker 1: Yeah right, it's got a whole presentation. You might get

1247
01:17:43,600 --> 01:17:49,840
Speaker 1: bit at the end. Yes. So, speaking of reptiles, I

1248
01:17:49,920 --> 01:17:53,599
Speaker 1: want to talk about the Mexican mole lizard. It's a worm,

1249
01:17:53,880 --> 01:17:58,160
Speaker 1: it's a snake. Nope, it's some mole lizard. It's found

1250
01:17:58,400 --> 01:18:02,480
Speaker 1: in Baja California, and it looks like a pink, squiggly

1251
01:18:02,600 --> 01:18:06,040
Speaker 1: little spaghetti guy. It really does look like a warm

1252
01:18:06,320 --> 01:18:09,639
Speaker 1: at on first sight, but it is actually a type

1253
01:18:09,680 --> 01:18:15,200
Speaker 1: of reptile in the Amphysbania group, which is warm lizards.

1254
01:18:15,800 --> 01:18:18,639
Speaker 1: So a lot of worm lizards just don't have legs

1255
01:18:18,800 --> 01:18:22,840
Speaker 1: at all. They're legless lizards. They're not snakes. Actually are

1256
01:18:23,320 --> 01:18:28,799
Speaker 1: distinct species of lizards. But this one, the Mexican mole lizard,

1257
01:18:29,120 --> 01:18:33,320
Speaker 1: does have legs, but they're really tiny and stubby and

1258
01:18:33,400 --> 01:18:38,240
Speaker 1: they only have four legs um, which is really it's

1259
01:18:38,479 --> 01:18:41,880
Speaker 1: very funny. So if you guys look at that little

1260
01:18:41,920 --> 01:18:44,519
Speaker 1: picture of it, you see it looks and they're so

1261
01:18:45,160 --> 01:18:48,639
Speaker 1: brightly colored pink. They look like, you know, they don't

1262
01:18:48,680 --> 01:18:51,599
Speaker 1: even look like real worms. They look like those gummy

1263
01:18:51,720 --> 01:18:57,599
Speaker 1: worms just and then but they have those little two

1264
01:18:57,720 --> 01:19:00,720
Speaker 1: little legs out in front that they used to kind

1265
01:19:00,760 --> 01:19:05,480
Speaker 1: of burrow into soft sand. Are they dragging themselves completely

1266
01:19:05,560 --> 01:19:09,479
Speaker 1: with those legs their muscles constrict and relax like a

1267
01:19:09,600 --> 01:19:14,599
Speaker 1: snake's for movement. No, yeah, so it's it's partially the muscles, uh,

1268
01:19:15,040 --> 01:19:18,800
Speaker 1: moving them along along the abdomen um and the little

1269
01:19:18,880 --> 01:19:21,320
Speaker 1: legs may help a little bit with movement, but it's

1270
01:19:21,320 --> 01:19:26,800
Speaker 1: also helping them with burrowing and crawling down holes. But yeah,

1271
01:19:26,840 --> 01:19:29,240
Speaker 1: it's not just like them like putting one leg out

1272
01:19:29,360 --> 01:19:33,600
Speaker 1: like drag and then the other one is drag. So

1273
01:19:33,680 --> 01:19:37,720
Speaker 1: they're about eight inches long, and it actually has an

1274
01:19:37,880 --> 01:19:42,160
Speaker 1: autonomous tail, which is think about like lizards and how

1275
01:19:42,200 --> 01:19:44,559
Speaker 1: you can yank their tail off. Don't do that? Actually

1276
01:19:44,960 --> 01:19:47,760
Speaker 1: be nice the lizards, but if they are caught by

1277
01:19:47,800 --> 01:19:50,960
Speaker 1: a predator, they can remove their tail. Uh, and the

1278
01:19:51,040 --> 01:19:53,880
Speaker 1: tail kind of wiggles around. So these guys have that,

1279
01:19:54,120 --> 01:19:58,280
Speaker 1: except unlike lizards, their tails don't regenerate, so they got

1280
01:19:58,439 --> 01:20:04,360
Speaker 1: like one or two shots, I guess. And uh. In fact,

1281
01:20:04,479 --> 01:20:07,320
Speaker 1: it's quite useful when they're burrowing down and like their

1282
01:20:07,360 --> 01:20:10,240
Speaker 1: tail detaches because then it also plugs up the burrow

1283
01:20:11,040 --> 01:20:15,000
Speaker 1: on keeps the predator from getting to them. But like

1284
01:20:15,120 --> 01:20:17,920
Speaker 1: I said, they they can't blow their load too soon

1285
01:20:18,040 --> 01:20:25,240
Speaker 1: or else they're out of a tail. Yeah geez, I've

1286
01:20:25,280 --> 01:20:27,479
Speaker 1: got to say. Also, these things look kind of like

1287
01:20:27,600 --> 01:20:34,120
Speaker 1: a slinky that someone had coated with a pink I

1288
01:20:34,200 --> 01:20:37,160
Speaker 1: don't know, like a pink curtain wrapping around them and

1289
01:20:37,240 --> 01:20:39,559
Speaker 1: then kind of just messed it up. Get it slammy.

1290
01:20:40,200 --> 01:20:42,000
Speaker 1: The little close up is really strange, like on the

1291
01:20:42,040 --> 01:20:43,560
Speaker 1: first slide, you guy here, where you've got like a

1292
01:20:43,880 --> 01:20:45,599
Speaker 1: long shot where it really does look like a worm

1293
01:20:45,880 --> 01:20:48,880
Speaker 1: minus the tiny, tiny little arms and then it almost

1294
01:20:49,040 --> 01:20:50,880
Speaker 1: like made me laugh out loud when you zoom in

1295
01:20:51,280 --> 01:20:54,519
Speaker 1: and you see it's tiny little lizard face and these

1296
01:20:54,600 --> 01:20:57,080
Speaker 1: bizarre little turtle hands. Yeah, that's kind of what they

1297
01:20:57,120 --> 01:21:00,800
Speaker 1: look like, is a little miniature turtle hands. Yeah. How

1298
01:21:00,840 --> 01:21:02,920
Speaker 1: does this thing live? How does this thing survive? Why

1299
01:21:02,960 --> 01:21:06,960
Speaker 1: does this thing exist? I mean existentially? I can't really

1300
01:21:07,000 --> 01:21:09,840
Speaker 1: answer that for you. But actually, if you like, go down,

1301
01:21:09,880 --> 01:21:13,000
Speaker 1: there's a little video of it moving around, uh, and

1302
01:21:13,200 --> 01:21:16,519
Speaker 1: it's you can see that the little legs does help

1303
01:21:16,600 --> 01:21:20,160
Speaker 1: it as it's burrowing down into the sand, and you

1304
01:21:20,240 --> 01:21:23,360
Speaker 1: can actually see its body undulating to that the that

1305
01:21:23,560 --> 01:21:27,400
Speaker 1: abdominal movement of the muscles helping propel it forward. But

1306
01:21:27,560 --> 01:21:30,160
Speaker 1: it's kind of funny because it is just walking along

1307
01:21:30,240 --> 01:21:34,280
Speaker 1: with the legs to uh. So it uses the legs

1308
01:21:34,360 --> 01:21:39,240
Speaker 1: to dig and burrow, um, and then uh the uh.

1309
01:21:40,439 --> 01:21:43,560
Speaker 1: It's it's sort of a similar to how you know,

1310
01:21:44,200 --> 01:21:47,040
Speaker 1: one imagine snake evolved, where it's like, well I don't

1311
01:21:47,040 --> 01:21:50,200
Speaker 1: really need the back legs, but in this case, the

1312
01:21:50,280 --> 01:21:54,960
Speaker 1: front legs are pretty still pretty useful and cute. It

1313
01:21:55,840 --> 01:21:58,519
Speaker 1: is cute. It kind of looks like a little baby,

1314
01:21:58,960 --> 01:22:02,639
Speaker 1: do you remember do or like trimmers like a little

1315
01:22:02,720 --> 01:22:10,400
Speaker 1: baby sand worms and beetlejuice. Yeah, um, but pink uh.

1316
01:22:11,280 --> 01:22:14,759
Speaker 1: It is actually like the dune sandworms or or tremmors

1317
01:22:14,840 --> 01:22:18,680
Speaker 1: because it pulls its prey underground to eat them. So,

1318
01:22:18,960 --> 01:22:21,559
Speaker 1: like if you were a little insect sized, these would

1319
01:22:21,840 --> 01:22:26,120
Speaker 1: be pretty horrifying. Oh yeah, yeah, I can imagine so,

1320
01:22:27,439 --> 01:22:31,080
Speaker 1: but now what you said. They're eight nine inches long, right,

1321
01:22:31,200 --> 01:22:34,960
Speaker 1: there's primarily primarily underground, so I don't have to worry

1322
01:22:35,000 --> 01:22:38,639
Speaker 1: about accidentally running into one on the street unless you're

1323
01:22:39,560 --> 01:22:42,360
Speaker 1: unless you're like in Baja California and you're like rooting

1324
01:22:42,400 --> 01:22:46,240
Speaker 1: around in the sand. Are they venomous at all? And

1325
01:22:46,320 --> 01:22:47,720
Speaker 1: I'm sorry if I missed it, And if you said that,

1326
01:22:47,800 --> 01:22:49,600
Speaker 1: like would they would they give you a bite? Or

1327
01:22:49,840 --> 01:22:52,040
Speaker 1: they might they might buy you, But I don't think

1328
01:22:52,080 --> 01:22:54,879
Speaker 1: they could hurt you, And I don't think they're venomous.

1329
01:22:55,680 --> 01:22:58,040
Speaker 1: Looking at their face, it looks like they could. If not,

1330
01:22:58,360 --> 01:22:59,680
Speaker 1: I don't know if it would be so much as

1331
01:23:00,000 --> 01:23:04,439
Speaker 1: of a bite as like a really aggressive gumming. Yeah, yeah,

1332
01:23:04,600 --> 01:23:07,640
Speaker 1: they would gnam at you angrily, sort of like a

1333
01:23:07,960 --> 01:23:13,599
Speaker 1: like an unfriendly hickey. Yes, yes, it's a great band name.

1334
01:23:13,640 --> 01:23:18,400
Speaker 1: I think the unfriendly hickies and the purple ner bullets.

1335
01:23:21,640 --> 01:23:27,840
Speaker 1: Um So, finally our last animal, I wanna give the blobfish.

1336
01:23:28,439 --> 01:23:32,080
Speaker 1: Shine some light on this blobfish and kind of clear

1337
01:23:32,160 --> 01:23:33,840
Speaker 1: its name a little bit, because I think it's been

1338
01:23:33,880 --> 01:23:37,840
Speaker 1: slandered by the media for far too long. Um So,

1339
01:23:38,360 --> 01:23:41,120
Speaker 1: you guys might all be familiar with the blobfish. Do

1340
01:23:41,200 --> 01:23:43,800
Speaker 1: you guys? Have you guys seen these pictures of the

1341
01:23:43,840 --> 01:23:49,400
Speaker 1: blobfish before? I've seen the first one definitely, because it

1342
01:23:49,520 --> 01:23:52,920
Speaker 1: comes up whenever you're searching rabbit hole for like weird

1343
01:23:53,120 --> 01:23:57,840
Speaker 1: creatures of the abistle planes in the ocean. Uh and

1344
01:23:58,240 --> 01:24:00,360
Speaker 1: it looks like it looks like a guy having a

1345
01:24:00,479 --> 01:24:04,800
Speaker 1: bad day, right, It's that it's that viral picture of

1346
01:24:05,320 --> 01:24:10,040
Speaker 1: like this pink, big nose deflated blobs. It kind of

1347
01:24:10,120 --> 01:24:16,080
Speaker 1: looks like a ziggy cartoon head exactly. Um And uh

1348
01:24:16,240 --> 01:24:18,640
Speaker 1: So that you know, we're probably when you think about it,

1349
01:24:18,680 --> 01:24:21,320
Speaker 1: you think of this little blobfish like looking like that

1350
01:24:21,720 --> 01:24:25,320
Speaker 1: in the ocean, just swoorn around looking sad and blobby.

1351
01:24:25,880 --> 01:24:29,120
Speaker 1: But this this is media lies and slander and liberal

1352
01:24:29,439 --> 01:24:34,240
Speaker 1: and all those bad things. Um So. Blobfish are deep

1353
01:24:34,280 --> 01:24:37,160
Speaker 1: water fish that live off of the coast of guess,

1354
01:24:37,320 --> 01:24:48,320
Speaker 1: guess guess what coast? Uh, the a Pacific coast. Nope, Australia. Oh,

1355
01:24:48,640 --> 01:24:51,800
Speaker 1: that makes so much more sense. So the pressure at

1356
01:24:51,920 --> 01:24:55,920
Speaker 1: four thousand feet underwater is over a hundred times that

1357
01:24:56,160 --> 01:24:59,800
Speaker 1: of the surface. So for animals living down there, they've

1358
01:24:59,840 --> 01:25:02,679
Speaker 1: been and specialized such that they can survive in these

1359
01:25:02,800 --> 01:25:07,200
Speaker 1: crushing depths. But just as you'd be crushed diving that deep,

1360
01:25:07,720 --> 01:25:11,040
Speaker 1: blobfish and other fish, when brought up to the surface

1361
01:25:11,640 --> 01:25:15,720
Speaker 1: will kind of explode. So the blobfish, when alive in

1362
01:25:15,840 --> 01:25:19,040
Speaker 1: its natural habitat, looks kind of like an ugly but

1363
01:25:19,360 --> 01:25:22,839
Speaker 1: relatively normal fish. So I showed you guys the picture

1364
01:25:22,920 --> 01:25:26,160
Speaker 1: of the blob fish when he's alive and healthy. Uh,

1365
01:25:26,280 --> 01:25:29,640
Speaker 1: And you can see he's actually his skin has a

1366
01:25:29,720 --> 01:25:35,439
Speaker 1: different texture. He's not just uniformly pink and gooey. He's

1367
01:25:35,479 --> 01:25:39,760
Speaker 1: got some spines on his skin, he's got some color differentiation,

1368
01:25:40,600 --> 01:25:45,519
Speaker 1: and he's got ice sockets and a and a distinctive fins.

1369
01:25:45,840 --> 01:25:48,719
Speaker 1: And I mean the mouth is pretty still pretty moby,

1370
01:25:49,040 --> 01:25:53,560
Speaker 1: to be fair, Uh, but it does it looks recognizably

1371
01:25:53,760 --> 01:25:56,840
Speaker 1: like a fish, just a bit of an ugly fish. Well,

1372
01:25:56,880 --> 01:26:00,800
Speaker 1: it's like a r right, Yeah, with a big floppity mouth.

1373
01:26:01,439 --> 01:26:05,880
Speaker 1: But once it reaches the surface, it kind of turns

1374
01:26:05,920 --> 01:26:09,000
Speaker 1: into that weird pudding and that's why it has that

1375
01:26:09,200 --> 01:26:14,120
Speaker 1: distinctive ziggy look. That's that's the desecrated corpse of a blobfish.

1376
01:26:14,840 --> 01:26:17,120
Speaker 1: And so I think it's one of those things where

1377
01:26:17,680 --> 01:26:21,920
Speaker 1: that kind of demonstrates how easily we can misunderstand, uh,

1378
01:26:22,200 --> 01:26:26,559
Speaker 1: natural discoveries. Um because while that's not a doctored image,

1379
01:26:26,600 --> 01:26:29,240
Speaker 1: the one of the blobfish, there's nothing fake about it.

1380
01:26:29,360 --> 01:26:31,680
Speaker 1: It's just that's not how they would look in their

1381
01:26:31,800 --> 01:26:36,680
Speaker 1: natural environment. Um. So our conception of these these ziggyheads

1382
01:26:36,760 --> 01:26:38,800
Speaker 1: just kind of floating on the ocean floor is not

1383
01:26:39,120 --> 01:26:44,240
Speaker 1: quite correct. You Know what I think would be great, Katie,

1384
01:26:44,439 --> 01:26:48,000
Speaker 1: is to have a have these two pictures in a

1385
01:26:48,240 --> 01:26:51,320
Speaker 1: P s A. Because they're great before and after, you

1386
01:26:51,400 --> 01:26:54,800
Speaker 1: know what I mean, Like meth not even once? Or

1387
01:26:55,280 --> 01:26:59,439
Speaker 1: what's what's not even once? Yeah, I was gonna say,

1388
01:26:59,479 --> 01:27:04,799
Speaker 1: what's a hot button issue with the ocean? Plastic straws,

1389
01:27:04,960 --> 01:27:09,759
Speaker 1: not even plastic straws, ocean acidification? Uh, you know, worms

1390
01:27:09,800 --> 01:27:13,320
Speaker 1: on hooks not even once. Apparently tie pods are back, y'all.

1391
01:27:13,320 --> 01:27:15,160
Speaker 1: I've got a ten year old daughter, and she informed

1392
01:27:15,200 --> 01:27:17,360
Speaker 1: me that tide pods are back because they now have

1393
01:27:17,520 --> 01:27:20,800
Speaker 1: non toxic tide pods, So the kids are really going

1394
01:27:20,880 --> 01:27:28,080
Speaker 1: to town like actually, ah children. Yeah, I know this.

1395
01:27:28,400 --> 01:27:31,240
Speaker 1: This has been a blast as always, Katie and and

1396
01:27:31,560 --> 01:27:36,000
Speaker 1: been looking back through our exploration today and wondering if

1397
01:27:36,040 --> 01:27:39,920
Speaker 1: I had to pick one adaptation for myself, what would

1398
01:27:39,920 --> 01:27:41,880
Speaker 1: I pick? And right now, all I've got is that

1399
01:27:41,920 --> 01:27:44,559
Speaker 1: I feel very fortunate to be human. We're not perfect,

1400
01:27:44,720 --> 01:27:48,240
Speaker 1: but but there's a lot of there's a lot of

1401
01:27:48,280 --> 01:27:50,000
Speaker 1: weird stuff. We don't have to do this at least

1402
01:27:50,040 --> 01:27:52,200
Speaker 1: we don't have to pull a skin flap up over

1403
01:27:52,560 --> 01:27:55,559
Speaker 1: our bodies to be able to poop. That's what I'm

1404
01:27:55,560 --> 01:28:01,840
Speaker 1: thinking of. Yep. Well, thank you guys so much for

1405
01:28:02,000 --> 01:28:04,960
Speaker 1: joining me. Uh why don't you tell people where the

1406
01:28:05,040 --> 01:28:09,360
Speaker 1: heck they can find you? Yeah, we are Ridiculous History.

1407
01:28:09,439 --> 01:28:12,040
Speaker 1: We have new episodes coming out every Tuesday and Thursday.

1408
01:28:12,120 --> 01:28:15,240
Speaker 1: You can find us on our website Ridiculous History Show

1409
01:28:15,560 --> 01:28:17,200
Speaker 1: dot com. Yeah I think so. I don't really go

1410
01:28:17,280 --> 01:28:18,920
Speaker 1: to the website, but the best way to reach us

1411
01:28:18,920 --> 01:28:21,519
Speaker 1: as you can email us at Ridiculous at I heart

1412
01:28:21,640 --> 01:28:23,959
Speaker 1: radio dot com, or you can check me out on Instagram.

1413
01:28:24,080 --> 01:28:26,840
Speaker 1: I am at how Now Noel Brown. You can find

1414
01:28:26,880 --> 01:28:29,400
Speaker 1: me getting kicked into and out of various countries and

1415
01:28:29,520 --> 01:28:33,400
Speaker 1: communities at at Ben Bolan on Instagram or at ben

1416
01:28:33,479 --> 01:28:36,960
Speaker 1: Bowland h s W on Twitter. And you can find

1417
01:28:37,040 --> 01:28:40,799
Speaker 1: our show Ridiculous History wherever you find your favorite podcast.

1418
01:28:40,920 --> 01:28:43,280
Speaker 1: It's True All of Its True. You can find us

1419
01:28:43,600 --> 01:28:48,479
Speaker 1: on the web at Creature feature pod dot com. You

1420
01:28:48,560 --> 01:28:52,280
Speaker 1: can find us on Instagram Creature feature Pod and on

1421
01:28:52,400 --> 01:28:55,960
Speaker 1: Twitter Creature feet Pod f e A T. Be sure

1422
01:28:56,000 --> 01:28:57,600
Speaker 1: to put that in or else you will get some

1423
01:28:57,800 --> 01:29:01,560
Speaker 1: weird images. I've been Katie Golden. You can find me

1424
01:29:01,680 --> 01:29:04,880
Speaker 1: on Twitter at Katie Golden or also pro bird Writes,

1425
01:29:05,000 --> 01:29:08,880
Speaker 1: where I am really fighting against the medializing slander about

1426
01:29:08,960 --> 01:29:11,759
Speaker 1: how birds aren't real. In fact they are and sometimes

1427
01:29:11,800 --> 01:29:15,240
Speaker 1: their tongues go inside. There's goals And thanks to the

1428
01:29:15,360 --> 01:29:18,479
Speaker 1: Space Classics for their awesome song Exo Lumina