1 00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:11,080 Speaker 1: Hey, orr, Hey, do you ever think about how fast 2 00:00:11,280 --> 00:00:14,360 Speaker 1: you're spinning? Oh? Man, the way this year is going, 3 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:17,360 Speaker 1: I feel like by head spinning, that's for sure. Well, 4 00:00:17,400 --> 00:00:20,160 Speaker 1: there's that, but there's also how the Earth is spinning 5 00:00:20,239 --> 00:00:23,200 Speaker 1: around its axes, how we're all spinning around the Sun, 6 00:00:23,640 --> 00:00:26,560 Speaker 1: and how our entire solar system is spinning around the 7 00:00:26,600 --> 00:00:30,000 Speaker 1: center of the galaxy. Are you gonna spin as a 8 00:00:30,120 --> 00:00:33,199 Speaker 1: tail about the physics of spin today, Daniel, I just 9 00:00:33,240 --> 00:00:36,120 Speaker 1: think it's cool how everything in the universe seems to 10 00:00:36,159 --> 00:00:39,000 Speaker 1: be spinning all the time. See, I knew you put 11 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:58,040 Speaker 1: a positive spin on it. Hi. I am or handmade 12 00:00:58,040 --> 00:01:01,880 Speaker 1: cartoonists and the creator of PhD mix. Hi, I'm Daniel. 13 00:01:01,920 --> 00:01:04,720 Speaker 1: I'm a particle physicist and I can spin up or 14 00:01:04,880 --> 00:01:07,640 Speaker 1: I can spin down. Does that officially make you a 15 00:01:07,680 --> 00:01:11,960 Speaker 1: spin doctor? You are a doctor and you sometimes do 16 00:01:12,040 --> 00:01:16,640 Speaker 1: research quantum spin, so technically you do belong in a 17 00:01:16,720 --> 00:01:19,840 Speaker 1: nineties band with a one hit wonder. Yeah. I don't 18 00:01:19,880 --> 00:01:23,200 Speaker 1: know what's more believable, quantum spin or political spin. Sometimes 19 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:26,399 Speaker 1: it all seems made up. It's all um not not true, 20 00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:28,199 Speaker 1: kind of true and not true at the same time. 21 00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:31,480 Speaker 1: But welcome to our podcast. Daniel and Jorge explained the 22 00:01:31,560 --> 00:01:34,640 Speaker 1: Universe a production of Our Heart Radio in which we 23 00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:38,080 Speaker 1: examine all the amazing things about the universe. We spin 24 00:01:38,160 --> 00:01:40,600 Speaker 1: them up, we spin them down, we turn them around 25 00:01:40,640 --> 00:01:43,800 Speaker 1: in your head until they make sense to you. We 26 00:01:43,880 --> 00:01:46,760 Speaker 1: think that wondering about the universe belongs to everybody, that 27 00:01:46,880 --> 00:01:50,520 Speaker 1: your curiosity is the thing that drives science as much 28 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:54,000 Speaker 1: as the curiosity of scientists themselves. And so we take 29 00:01:54,000 --> 00:01:56,480 Speaker 1: a journey all around the universe and ask big and 30 00:01:56,560 --> 00:01:59,560 Speaker 1: deep and important questions about how things work and try 31 00:01:59,640 --> 00:02:02,720 Speaker 1: to give you answers. That makes sense, Yeah, because the 32 00:02:02,840 --> 00:02:05,480 Speaker 1: universe is a pretty big place, and there's a lot 33 00:02:05,520 --> 00:02:08,040 Speaker 1: to explore and a lot to ask questions about, from 34 00:02:08,080 --> 00:02:11,480 Speaker 1: the far reaches of the cosmos to our everyday lives 35 00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:14,600 Speaker 1: and even what's happening right here on Earth. That's right. 36 00:02:14,639 --> 00:02:17,920 Speaker 1: The physics that's literally under our feet has a big 37 00:02:17,960 --> 00:02:21,519 Speaker 1: impact on how we live our lives and what's going on. Yeah, 38 00:02:21,520 --> 00:02:23,240 Speaker 1: And we like to talk about not just kind of 39 00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:25,440 Speaker 1: the what we know about the universe out there, what 40 00:02:25,560 --> 00:02:30,040 Speaker 1: scientists know, but also what they're asking about the universe, 41 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:34,720 Speaker 1: including what if questions. That's right. We like to let 42 00:02:34,800 --> 00:02:37,720 Speaker 1: Jorge wander into the control panel of the universe and 43 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:41,519 Speaker 1: start flipping switches. What happens if you turn off quantum mechanics? 44 00:02:41,560 --> 00:02:44,160 Speaker 1: What happens if you delete dark energy or dark matter? 45 00:02:44,520 --> 00:02:47,280 Speaker 1: And this is not just some cartoonists idol speculation about 46 00:02:47,320 --> 00:02:50,320 Speaker 1: the universe. This is an important way to do physics, 47 00:02:50,360 --> 00:02:53,240 Speaker 1: to think about could the universe have been different? What 48 00:02:53,280 --> 00:02:56,160 Speaker 1: would it look like if we turned something off or 49 00:02:56,280 --> 00:02:59,680 Speaker 1: something didn't happen. I feel like these are questions, Daniel, 50 00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:04,800 Speaker 1: that supervillains have at their meetings in brainstorming sessions. It's like, 51 00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:07,560 Speaker 1: what if we turn off dark energy here on Earth? 52 00:03:08,400 --> 00:03:10,120 Speaker 1: How can we use that? How can we spend that 53 00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:13,400 Speaker 1: to our advantage? Can we demand a five billion dollar 54 00:03:13,520 --> 00:03:17,120 Speaker 1: ransom for not turning off dark energy? Right? Build a 55 00:03:17,200 --> 00:03:19,480 Speaker 1: laser on the Moon? I think actually that was the 56 00:03:19,520 --> 00:03:22,079 Speaker 1: plot of one of those movies. Yeah, it seems it 57 00:03:22,120 --> 00:03:23,880 Speaker 1: seemed kind of quiet now because I think in those 58 00:03:24,080 --> 00:03:27,519 Speaker 1: Austin Power movies he would ask for one billion dollars, 59 00:03:27,560 --> 00:03:32,799 Speaker 1: which nowadays, you know, considering things, seems pretty small. Well, 60 00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:35,400 Speaker 1: if it helps people, maybe they can imagine you doing 61 00:03:35,400 --> 00:03:40,160 Speaker 1: this podcast from your underground volcano layer. That's right with 62 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:43,680 Speaker 1: my pinky next to my mouth. Stroking my cat or 63 00:03:44,520 --> 00:03:47,000 Speaker 1: meani version of me. But if it makes you nervous 64 00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:49,880 Speaker 1: to imagine Jorge at the control panels of the universe, 65 00:03:50,360 --> 00:03:53,560 Speaker 1: then instead, remember these are just thought experiments. These are 66 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:55,800 Speaker 1: ways for us to imagine how the universe might be 67 00:03:55,840 --> 00:03:59,040 Speaker 1: different and to wonder if it could be different. Yeah, 68 00:03:59,080 --> 00:04:02,800 Speaker 1: because that's a big part of how SIGNS is actually done, right, Daniel, 69 00:04:02,840 --> 00:04:05,160 Speaker 1: I mean when you're when you get together with your 70 00:04:05,720 --> 00:04:08,440 Speaker 1: other physicist colleagues, do you sort of think about, like 71 00:04:08,760 --> 00:04:10,920 Speaker 1: what would happen if this happened, or what would happen 72 00:04:10,960 --> 00:04:14,440 Speaker 1: if this disappeared, or what would happen if this stuff 73 00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:19,640 Speaker 1: that working? Yeah? Absolutely, we are often reverse engineering the universe. 74 00:04:19,880 --> 00:04:23,120 Speaker 1: We're imagining what are the possible different scenarios that are 75 00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:26,440 Speaker 1: consistent with what we see, Because what we'd love to 76 00:04:26,480 --> 00:04:29,160 Speaker 1: do is make some set of observation, some things we 77 00:04:29,240 --> 00:04:32,839 Speaker 1: see about the universe that tell us uniquely how the 78 00:04:32,920 --> 00:04:35,560 Speaker 1: universe has to be. But an important part of that 79 00:04:35,640 --> 00:04:39,080 Speaker 1: is sort of creatively thinking like is there another explanation? 80 00:04:39,200 --> 00:04:42,600 Speaker 1: Is there something else that could have happened that explains 81 00:04:42,680 --> 00:04:44,760 Speaker 1: what we see? And so you have to go through 82 00:04:44,760 --> 00:04:47,360 Speaker 1: these thought experiments. You have to imagine what if there 83 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:50,479 Speaker 1: was no dark energy? Or what if the Sun turns 84 00:04:50,520 --> 00:04:52,640 Speaker 1: into a black hole? Or how do we know that 85 00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:55,360 Speaker 1: there isn't another planet out there? You have to imagine 86 00:04:55,360 --> 00:04:58,240 Speaker 1: all those other crazy scenarios before you can dismiss them, 87 00:04:58,480 --> 00:05:01,200 Speaker 1: and sometimes they lead to cra easy discoveries because they 88 00:05:01,240 --> 00:05:04,120 Speaker 1: turn out to actually be true. Yeah, because you know, 89 00:05:04,200 --> 00:05:07,680 Speaker 1: thought experiments are a lot cheaper than actual experiments. Right, 90 00:05:07,760 --> 00:05:11,400 Speaker 1: they don't cause billions of dollars, just a few billion neurons. 91 00:05:11,600 --> 00:05:14,039 Speaker 1: I still ask for billions of dollars from my thought experiments. 92 00:05:14,040 --> 00:05:16,400 Speaker 1: But yeah, they don't go to building experiments. They just 93 00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:19,480 Speaker 1: go to you know, funding my elaborate volcano layer inside 94 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:24,440 Speaker 1: of your head inside, that's right. Yeah, So today we'll 95 00:05:24,480 --> 00:05:27,360 Speaker 1: be asking you a question that Um, it's pretty impactful. 96 00:05:27,400 --> 00:05:29,960 Speaker 1: I mean it sort of affects everyone's lives on a 97 00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:33,680 Speaker 1: daily basis, and in fact, it's sort of kind of 98 00:05:33,960 --> 00:05:36,520 Speaker 1: defined to day for us. That's right. It's all about 99 00:05:36,720 --> 00:05:38,960 Speaker 1: what's going on under our feet, and it's about how 100 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:42,160 Speaker 1: our world is moving and where it's going. Yeah, so 101 00:05:42,200 --> 00:05:44,599 Speaker 1: we'd like to stay grounded in this podcast, so to 102 00:05:44,680 --> 00:05:52,279 Speaker 1: be on the podcast, we'll be asking the question what 103 00:05:52,360 --> 00:05:56,559 Speaker 1: if the Earth stop spinning now, Jorge, in your super 104 00:05:56,640 --> 00:06:00,920 Speaker 1: villain brainstorming meeting, are you imagining sudden stopping the earth 105 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:03,200 Speaker 1: or sort of like gradually stopping it and turning it 106 00:06:03,320 --> 00:06:06,200 Speaker 1: the other direction? I guess if I was a super villain, 107 00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:10,560 Speaker 1: I would be aiming for maximum damage, Like what the 108 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:13,839 Speaker 1: worst case scenario? So whichever one of those give me 109 00:06:13,880 --> 00:06:16,760 Speaker 1: the most ransom money? I guess as a super villain, 110 00:06:17,240 --> 00:06:19,920 Speaker 1: that's that's optimal, right, I don't know. There's a delicate 111 00:06:19,960 --> 00:06:22,680 Speaker 1: balance there. If you're blackmailing or extorting something, you want 112 00:06:22,720 --> 00:06:24,800 Speaker 1: them to stay alive so they can continue to fund 113 00:06:24,800 --> 00:06:27,000 Speaker 1: you in the future. Right. You don't want to obliterate 114 00:06:27,320 --> 00:06:30,200 Speaker 1: your crime victims. You want to slurp some money out 115 00:06:30,200 --> 00:06:32,680 Speaker 1: of them, but keep them functioning. I see, if you're 116 00:06:32,680 --> 00:06:35,000 Speaker 1: a super villain, you would go for the subscription model, 117 00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:39,120 Speaker 1: not the one time payment. You're more like the free 118 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:43,120 Speaker 1: to play type of game. That's right, because those victims 119 00:06:43,160 --> 00:06:45,200 Speaker 1: never remember to cancel their orders and you just keep 120 00:06:45,200 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: building their credit cards month after month. Man, that would 121 00:06:49,480 --> 00:06:54,960 Speaker 1: make a pretty good plot for a movie. Uh anyway, 122 00:06:55,040 --> 00:06:57,760 Speaker 1: So um, yeah, that's a pretty interesting question, Daniel, How 123 00:06:57,760 --> 00:06:59,600 Speaker 1: did you come up with this question. This is a 124 00:06:59,720 --> 00:07:01,520 Speaker 1: question and that a bunch of readers wrote in and 125 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:04,159 Speaker 1: asked us. It's something people think about, and it tells 126 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:07,159 Speaker 1: you that it's not just physicists out there that wonder 127 00:07:07,200 --> 00:07:10,280 Speaker 1: about things in the universe. It's also everybody. And maybe 128 00:07:10,440 --> 00:07:15,960 Speaker 1: some of our listeners are potential future supervillains. I hope not, 129 00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:19,880 Speaker 1: because then we'd be enabling them in some way, Daniel. 130 00:07:20,600 --> 00:07:23,040 Speaker 1: But also, you know a lot of our listeners are physicists, 131 00:07:23,040 --> 00:07:25,560 Speaker 1: and in fact, isn't isn't everybody a physicist in a 132 00:07:25,600 --> 00:07:28,200 Speaker 1: certain way? Yes, exactly. If you're the kind of person 133 00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:30,400 Speaker 1: who does this kind of thinking, who thinks maybe the 134 00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:32,920 Speaker 1: universe could be like this, what would happen if that happened, 135 00:07:33,160 --> 00:07:38,000 Speaker 1: then you're doing physics and that makes you a certified physicist. Boom, 136 00:07:38,080 --> 00:07:41,240 Speaker 1: Daniel will give you a PhD. Just right into PhDs 137 00:07:42,400 --> 00:07:45,520 Speaker 1: for free at Daniel and Horg. Yes, welcome to your 138 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:49,600 Speaker 1: PhD in Internet physics. Yeah. So it so it seems 139 00:07:49,600 --> 00:07:51,520 Speaker 1: to be a question that a lot of people are 140 00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:54,080 Speaker 1: having out there. I guess where does that come from? Daniel? 141 00:07:54,160 --> 00:07:58,160 Speaker 1: Does it feel like, you know, it's something so normal 142 00:07:58,280 --> 00:08:00,720 Speaker 1: and some something that we're so used to that, you know, 143 00:08:00,800 --> 00:08:03,080 Speaker 1: it's very curious to think about what would happen if 144 00:08:03,080 --> 00:08:06,000 Speaker 1: it stopped. Yeah, I think that there's a lot of 145 00:08:06,080 --> 00:08:09,440 Speaker 1: times in the history of science when we realized that 146 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:12,600 Speaker 1: something we thought was like bedrock truth, was fundamental to 147 00:08:12,640 --> 00:08:15,680 Speaker 1: our universe, turned out to not be true. And so 148 00:08:15,840 --> 00:08:18,760 Speaker 1: that gives you this instinct to question everything, to wonder, 149 00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:21,360 Speaker 1: why is this happening? What would it be like if 150 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:23,600 Speaker 1: it stopped happening? And so I think that's where the 151 00:08:23,640 --> 00:08:26,040 Speaker 1: instinct comes from, just to look around and ask questions 152 00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:29,000 Speaker 1: about the basic nature of our reality. And I wonder 153 00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:31,679 Speaker 1: how many people who are wondering this question think something 154 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:36,320 Speaker 1: good would happen as opposed to something not good. I 155 00:08:36,320 --> 00:08:39,439 Speaker 1: don't think anybody imagines, Oh, I have a great idea, 156 00:08:39,880 --> 00:08:43,280 Speaker 1: let's stop the earth from spitting, because it really annoys me. 157 00:08:43,600 --> 00:08:50,240 Speaker 1: How we had daytime the vampire lobby, or maybe it's 158 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:52,920 Speaker 1: you know, cartoonists late for their deadline and wondering like, 159 00:08:53,120 --> 00:08:55,760 Speaker 1: could I eke out a few more hours of late 160 00:08:55,920 --> 00:08:59,760 Speaker 1: night effectiveness if I somehow stopped the earth. M That 161 00:09:00,200 --> 00:09:02,520 Speaker 1: seems like a lot more work than actually doing the 162 00:09:02,880 --> 00:09:06,199 Speaker 1: doing the thing. But that's the lesson in procrastination, isn't it? 163 00:09:07,800 --> 00:09:10,720 Speaker 1: And you remember Superman did this once. Something happened he 164 00:09:10,720 --> 00:09:14,239 Speaker 1: didn't like, and so he turned the Earth the other direction, somehow, 165 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:17,920 Speaker 1: reversing the flow of time to undoate the death of 166 00:09:17,960 --> 00:09:21,960 Speaker 1: Lois Lane. What did your physics sense tell you when 167 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:24,480 Speaker 1: you watched that movie? Was it? Did it freak out? 168 00:09:24,559 --> 00:09:26,600 Speaker 1: I think I was like a seven year old physicist 169 00:09:26,679 --> 00:09:29,000 Speaker 1: when I first watched that movie, and I thought, huh, 170 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:33,480 Speaker 1: how could earth itself control the flow of time? That's ridiculous. 171 00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:36,880 Speaker 1: M Do you think, um, well, gosh, I feel like 172 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:39,800 Speaker 1: we get into the whole episode about the Superman movies. 173 00:09:40,679 --> 00:09:43,320 Speaker 1: Do you think he or Superman in general. Uh, do 174 00:09:43,360 --> 00:09:45,959 Speaker 1: you think he spun the earth the other way? Or 175 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:49,079 Speaker 1: do you think he went back in time himself? Well, 176 00:09:49,160 --> 00:09:51,880 Speaker 1: that's the other explanation for that scene. I see you're 177 00:09:51,920 --> 00:09:54,280 Speaker 1: imagining he's going faster than the speed of light, and 178 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:58,200 Speaker 1: so somehow he goes back in time. Um, yeah, yeah, perhaps, 179 00:09:58,240 --> 00:10:00,480 Speaker 1: But doesn't he isn't he pushing on the earth? Isn't 180 00:10:00,559 --> 00:10:02,640 Speaker 1: actually spinning at the other direction. I have to go 181 00:10:02,679 --> 00:10:05,600 Speaker 1: back and review that scene. But even he he just 182 00:10:05,640 --> 00:10:08,400 Speaker 1: flies over it. Oh, he just plays out somehow that's 183 00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:10,559 Speaker 1: that that makes the Earth spin the other way. For me, 184 00:10:10,800 --> 00:10:12,920 Speaker 1: it was just he was just going back in time. 185 00:10:13,559 --> 00:10:16,040 Speaker 1: I see, Yeah, well you know my feelings about time 186 00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:21,320 Speaker 1: travel and fiction. It's all gibberish. I thought you're gonna 187 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:24,440 Speaker 1: say Superman, but um, I guess you were more specific. 188 00:10:25,160 --> 00:10:27,280 Speaker 1: But anyways, we're wondering how many people out there have 189 00:10:27,360 --> 00:10:31,080 Speaker 1: thought about this question or even have a possible answer 190 00:10:31,080 --> 00:10:33,960 Speaker 1: to it. So, as usual, Daniel went out there into 191 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:38,000 Speaker 1: the Internet and ask folks to send in their answers. 192 00:10:38,679 --> 00:10:41,480 Speaker 1: That's right, and thank you to the listeners who volunteered 193 00:10:41,520 --> 00:10:44,400 Speaker 1: to answer questions without any research, just from the top 194 00:10:44,480 --> 00:10:47,120 Speaker 1: of their head. If you'd like to offer answers to 195 00:10:47,400 --> 00:10:50,880 Speaker 1: tricky topics without any preparation, please write to us two 196 00:10:50,960 --> 00:10:54,080 Speaker 1: questions at Daniel and Jorge dot com. So think about 197 00:10:54,120 --> 00:10:56,120 Speaker 1: it for a second. What do you think would happen 198 00:10:56,320 --> 00:10:59,920 Speaker 1: if the Earth stops spinning? Here's what people had to say. 199 00:11:00,400 --> 00:11:04,600 Speaker 1: I'm not sure what controls your spin. Perhaps has something 200 00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:08,880 Speaker 1: related to the distance to the Sun and as well 201 00:11:09,040 --> 00:11:12,079 Speaker 1: then the Moon, and maybe the gravity of other objects. 202 00:11:12,920 --> 00:11:17,360 Speaker 1: Also could be that the flow of the inner cord, 203 00:11:18,200 --> 00:11:21,840 Speaker 1: all the molten metal and the inside Maybe play a 204 00:11:21,960 --> 00:11:24,960 Speaker 1: role I have. I don't know if they have no clue, 205 00:11:25,040 --> 00:11:28,960 Speaker 1: and I guess it it may be decreasing in speed. 206 00:11:29,320 --> 00:11:33,280 Speaker 1: I don't see why would it be increasing. But also 207 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:35,600 Speaker 1: that would mean that in any way that days are 208 00:11:35,640 --> 00:11:40,600 Speaker 1: becoming either shorter or longer somehow. So far, I haven't 209 00:11:40,640 --> 00:11:42,439 Speaker 1: seen the dis is an issue, but I guess it 210 00:11:42,679 --> 00:11:46,720 Speaker 1: should be in a very small scale. What controls the 211 00:11:46,760 --> 00:11:52,280 Speaker 1: Earth spin is its slowing down. Um the Earth and 212 00:11:52,320 --> 00:11:56,440 Speaker 1: the Earth was born, and this is the way the 213 00:11:56,440 --> 00:12:00,920 Speaker 1: Earth was born, spinning. UM. I don't exactly what control 214 00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:09,520 Speaker 1: Probably the core controls the spinning, and UM, I think 215 00:12:09,600 --> 00:12:14,680 Speaker 1: it's slowing down, but I don't know by how much. 216 00:12:15,240 --> 00:12:17,320 Speaker 1: On the top of my head, I can't really think 217 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:20,360 Speaker 1: of any factors that would cause the Earth to spin 218 00:12:21,800 --> 00:12:26,080 Speaker 1: around an axis. So I'm guessing that when it was formed, 219 00:12:26,160 --> 00:12:29,640 Speaker 1: when the Earth was formed, the matter was spinning and 220 00:12:29,679 --> 00:12:33,160 Speaker 1: it's just sort of kept on going. So I would say, yes, 221 00:12:33,320 --> 00:12:36,400 Speaker 1: it's probably slowing down. UM. And I know that other 222 00:12:36,440 --> 00:12:41,480 Speaker 1: planets also spin, but I think they're quite different speeds, 223 00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:44,480 Speaker 1: so I'm guessing it's not anything to do with their size. 224 00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:47,960 Speaker 1: So yeah, my guess would be that it's sort of 225 00:12:48,920 --> 00:12:51,200 Speaker 1: It's just kept on spinning since it was formed, and 226 00:12:51,280 --> 00:12:55,160 Speaker 1: nothing's stopping it is just friction. But as far as 227 00:12:55,240 --> 00:12:59,360 Speaker 1: why it rotates at the speed it does about the 228 00:12:59,400 --> 00:13:02,760 Speaker 1: north and south, I'm not sure why. I'm not sure 229 00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:04,839 Speaker 1: what caused it. I did here a long time ago 230 00:13:04,960 --> 00:13:10,760 Speaker 1: that it's slowing down. I'm sure the Earth received all 231 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:14,520 Speaker 1: of its spin in its primordial creation, and if it 232 00:13:14,559 --> 00:13:17,520 Speaker 1: were a rigid body, a piece of rock, then it 233 00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:22,480 Speaker 1: would keep spinning with the same angular momentum forever. But 234 00:13:22,640 --> 00:13:25,000 Speaker 1: the Earth is not a rigid body. He has a 235 00:13:25,040 --> 00:13:28,560 Speaker 1: fluid core, and a fluid core is subject to convection 236 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:33,920 Speaker 1: and other movements and forces, and therefore it must be 237 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:38,000 Speaker 1: losing some of the spin to friction and heat. And 238 00:13:38,040 --> 00:13:41,320 Speaker 1: by the second law of thermodynamics, I suppose it must 239 00:13:41,360 --> 00:13:45,080 Speaker 1: be losing spin better than acquiring spin. Whether this is 240 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:48,040 Speaker 1: a big effect or not, I'm not sure. I think 241 00:13:48,480 --> 00:13:54,559 Speaker 1: the conservation of um angler momentum. It's probably the reason 242 00:13:54,559 --> 00:13:58,000 Speaker 1: why the Earth is still spinning. Well, it is sloving 243 00:13:58,520 --> 00:14:01,880 Speaker 1: town um, and it is being slowed down by the 244 00:14:01,920 --> 00:14:06,000 Speaker 1: title forces from the Moon and also the Sun of 245 00:14:06,040 --> 00:14:12,160 Speaker 1: course a other planets too, probably, but their effect is negligible. 246 00:14:12,760 --> 00:14:16,520 Speaker 1: I think we add lip seconds because of that. All right, 247 00:14:16,840 --> 00:14:19,840 Speaker 1: I feel like this these answers reveal a lot about 248 00:14:19,840 --> 00:14:22,000 Speaker 1: our audience, Daniel, all of them short of trying to 249 00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:23,960 Speaker 1: get down to the to the reason why the Earth 250 00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:28,440 Speaker 1: would stop exactly. You have to wonder what's controlling the 251 00:14:28,520 --> 00:14:30,600 Speaker 1: Earth spin. You can't just be like I'm just going 252 00:14:30,680 --> 00:14:33,200 Speaker 1: to turn it off. You can't just like wander into 253 00:14:33,200 --> 00:14:35,560 Speaker 1: the control room at the universe and flip a switch, right. 254 00:14:35,600 --> 00:14:39,040 Speaker 1: You gotta follow the rules, right, and nobody said Supervillain 255 00:14:39,200 --> 00:14:45,040 Speaker 1: or Orge flipping switches where you relieved we were. You're 256 00:14:45,040 --> 00:14:48,360 Speaker 1: gonna be blamed here. I feel like I get blamed 257 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:51,160 Speaker 1: for a lot of things that I'm not actually responsible for. 258 00:14:52,680 --> 00:14:56,240 Speaker 1: But yeah, a lot of interesting answers here though. A 259 00:14:56,240 --> 00:14:58,160 Speaker 1: lot of them talk about the origin of the Earth 260 00:14:58,240 --> 00:15:00,960 Speaker 1: spin and the future of the Earth spin, and so 261 00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:04,000 Speaker 1: that's that's pretty fascinating stuff, all right. So let's dive 262 00:15:04,040 --> 00:15:07,760 Speaker 1: into Daniel. Um, I guess maybe maybe a very basic 263 00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:10,640 Speaker 1: question and just just take a step back, is to 264 00:15:10,680 --> 00:15:14,840 Speaker 1: talk about why the Earth is spinning in the first place, right, 265 00:15:14,880 --> 00:15:17,920 Speaker 1: Like we're so used to it turning around and giving 266 00:15:17,960 --> 00:15:20,520 Speaker 1: us daytime. In my time, but you know, maybe not 267 00:15:20,640 --> 00:15:22,680 Speaker 1: a lot of people haven't thought about why it is 268 00:15:22,760 --> 00:15:25,400 Speaker 1: actually doing that. I mean, it's possible that it could 269 00:15:25,400 --> 00:15:28,440 Speaker 1: not have been right. I guess it's possible. But you know, 270 00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:31,000 Speaker 1: the amazing thing about spin is when you look out 271 00:15:31,040 --> 00:15:34,520 Speaker 1: into the universe, essentially everything is spinning. I mean, the 272 00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:37,280 Speaker 1: Sun is spinning, all the planets are spinning around their 273 00:15:37,320 --> 00:15:40,520 Speaker 1: acts and then spinning around the Sun, and our solar 274 00:15:40,560 --> 00:15:43,400 Speaker 1: system is spinning around the galaxy. And so spin is 275 00:15:43,440 --> 00:15:47,280 Speaker 1: a pretty big part of existing in the universe. It's 276 00:15:47,320 --> 00:15:51,160 Speaker 1: really kind of fascinating. M I guess it's sort of 277 00:15:51,200 --> 00:15:55,240 Speaker 1: like motion in general, right, Like in space there's no 278 00:15:55,760 --> 00:15:59,000 Speaker 1: very little friction, so if you're moving, you're gonna keep moving, 279 00:15:59,240 --> 00:16:02,320 Speaker 1: or if you're spin you're gonna keep spinning. Yeah, exactly. 280 00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:05,800 Speaker 1: There's this conservation of spin we call a conservation of 281 00:16:05,920 --> 00:16:10,120 Speaker 1: angular momentum, which really just means like motion around some access, 282 00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:14,400 Speaker 1: revolving around some access, spinning, and we have this conservation 283 00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:17,960 Speaker 1: of angular momentum in our universe. And we talked recently 284 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:21,840 Speaker 1: on the podcast about fundamental symmetries. Conservation of angular momentum 285 00:16:22,040 --> 00:16:25,720 Speaker 1: comes because there's no preferred direction in space and so 286 00:16:25,800 --> 00:16:29,280 Speaker 1: you can translate that rotational symmetry of the universe into 287 00:16:29,280 --> 00:16:31,560 Speaker 1: this conservation of angle momentum. But it has a real 288 00:16:31,680 --> 00:16:35,440 Speaker 1: practical consequence. It means that if something starts spinning, it 289 00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:38,720 Speaker 1: will continue spinning, right, And so you might ask then, 290 00:16:38,760 --> 00:16:41,480 Speaker 1: like why is the Solar system spinning? Why is the 291 00:16:41,520 --> 00:16:44,240 Speaker 1: Earth spinning? It's spinning because the stuff it was made 292 00:16:44,280 --> 00:16:49,000 Speaker 1: out of was spinning. M And I guess maybe the 293 00:16:49,280 --> 00:16:51,200 Speaker 1: question is why is the stuff that it started with 294 00:16:51,720 --> 00:16:54,280 Speaker 1: spinning in the first place? I mean, in the Big Bang? 295 00:16:54,320 --> 00:16:57,480 Speaker 1: Are you saying the Big Bang thanks for spinning? Yeah, 296 00:16:57,480 --> 00:16:59,840 Speaker 1: that's a really fun question. It comes down to like 297 00:16:59,840 --> 00:17:03,000 Speaker 1: how how stuff gets broken up into chunks. Imagine like 298 00:17:03,080 --> 00:17:06,680 Speaker 1: a big swirling hot plasma, right, there's definitely motion in there. 299 00:17:07,240 --> 00:17:10,080 Speaker 1: If you then break those things up into pieces, you 300 00:17:10,080 --> 00:17:12,719 Speaker 1: can ask like, is one of those chunks spinning? Like 301 00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:15,200 Speaker 1: one of those chunks is destined to be our galaxy 302 00:17:15,359 --> 00:17:19,000 Speaker 1: or our Solar system or our planet. And if you 303 00:17:19,040 --> 00:17:21,720 Speaker 1: take all the motion of all those particles is either 304 00:17:21,760 --> 00:17:26,719 Speaker 1: going to be spinning clockwise or spinning counterclockwise, or perfectly 305 00:17:26,880 --> 00:17:30,440 Speaker 1: somehow balanced so that there's no spin. And so if 306 00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:33,600 Speaker 1: all those outcomes it's much more likely for it to 307 00:17:33,640 --> 00:17:36,400 Speaker 1: be randomly spinning in one direction or the other than 308 00:17:36,480 --> 00:17:39,680 Speaker 1: for it to be perfectly balanced. Right, But when you're 309 00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:41,840 Speaker 1: talking about like the spin of a lot of things, 310 00:17:42,160 --> 00:17:45,919 Speaker 1: you actually sort of mean like the like the overall 311 00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:48,800 Speaker 1: direction of where each thing is going. You don't mean 312 00:17:48,840 --> 00:17:51,120 Speaker 1: like each thing is spinning and so overall everything has 313 00:17:51,119 --> 00:17:55,199 Speaker 1: a spin, right, You mean sort of like, um, you know, 314 00:17:55,240 --> 00:17:59,840 Speaker 1: if things have a velocity sort of relative to the center, 315 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:02,960 Speaker 1: and that's sort of considered spin. Yeah, exactly, It's the 316 00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:05,440 Speaker 1: motion of the object. So you can, for example, draw 317 00:18:05,480 --> 00:18:07,960 Speaker 1: a line through it and say, all right, here's the 318 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:10,480 Speaker 1: thing I'm going to measure my spin around. And then 319 00:18:10,480 --> 00:18:13,080 Speaker 1: you could ask how are things moving relative to that? 320 00:18:13,359 --> 00:18:15,440 Speaker 1: And things that are moving in one direction will give 321 00:18:15,480 --> 00:18:17,520 Speaker 1: you clockwise spin, and things that are moving the other 322 00:18:17,560 --> 00:18:20,520 Speaker 1: direction will give you counterclockwise spin. So you've got to 323 00:18:20,600 --> 00:18:22,760 Speaker 1: add all those up, and then you can get overall 324 00:18:22,800 --> 00:18:25,840 Speaker 1: in motion. And it's either that it's all balanced so 325 00:18:25,920 --> 00:18:29,480 Speaker 1: there's like weirdly no spin, or that things tend to 326 00:18:29,480 --> 00:18:31,680 Speaker 1: be going more in one direction than the other. And 327 00:18:31,760 --> 00:18:34,480 Speaker 1: if you just take like a random scoop of hot 328 00:18:34,520 --> 00:18:37,159 Speaker 1: plasma from the early universe. It's got a lot of 329 00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:39,520 Speaker 1: motion in it, so for that motion to like add 330 00:18:39,560 --> 00:18:42,640 Speaker 1: up to zero spin would be pretty unusual. It's much 331 00:18:42,680 --> 00:18:45,040 Speaker 1: more likely for all those things to be moving in 332 00:18:45,080 --> 00:18:47,840 Speaker 1: direction which adds up to some kind of spin. Right, 333 00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:50,120 Speaker 1: and then and then I think it's it's it's isn't 334 00:18:50,119 --> 00:18:52,360 Speaker 1: It kind of like part of the way the physics 335 00:18:52,400 --> 00:18:55,439 Speaker 1: work that if you just leave that system over time, 336 00:18:55,760 --> 00:19:00,440 Speaker 1: it's going to eventually turn into a spinning disk. Everything's 337 00:19:00,440 --> 00:19:05,400 Speaker 1: going to start spinning over around one axis and everything's 338 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:08,639 Speaker 1: gonna sort of stop spinning the other ways. Yeah, And 339 00:19:08,680 --> 00:19:12,639 Speaker 1: that's a fascinating consequence of living in three dimensions because 340 00:19:12,640 --> 00:19:15,800 Speaker 1: in three dimensions, you can always pick one axis for 341 00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:18,080 Speaker 1: the spin, and you can always say, here's my axis. 342 00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:21,000 Speaker 1: I'm gonna measure my spin around this axis, and that's 343 00:19:21,040 --> 00:19:24,240 Speaker 1: the overall axis around which you have spin, and then 344 00:19:24,320 --> 00:19:29,320 Speaker 1: gravity can coalesce everything around that axis. Things keep spinning, right, 345 00:19:29,359 --> 00:19:33,159 Speaker 1: they keep going, but along that axis there's nothing to 346 00:19:33,200 --> 00:19:37,239 Speaker 1: prevent gravity from flattening things, from things pulling down. So 347 00:19:37,280 --> 00:19:40,240 Speaker 1: in the three dimensions of our space, you can always 348 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:44,159 Speaker 1: pick one axis where all the spin cancels except along 349 00:19:44,200 --> 00:19:47,400 Speaker 1: that axis. If we lived in four dimensional space, then 350 00:19:47,400 --> 00:19:49,639 Speaker 1: there would be two axes you could pick where the 351 00:19:49,680 --> 00:19:52,679 Speaker 1: spin wouldn't cancel. So we live in a three dimensional universe, 352 00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:55,200 Speaker 1: so there's always like one axis you can find where 353 00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:57,560 Speaker 1: the spin cancels in two out of the three dimensions, 354 00:19:57,560 --> 00:20:01,080 Speaker 1: but not around that axis. That's why galaxies and solar 355 00:20:01,080 --> 00:20:06,280 Speaker 1: systems are discs, because gravity squishes things down along that axis, 356 00:20:06,320 --> 00:20:09,040 Speaker 1: but not around that axis, right, because it sort of 357 00:20:09,080 --> 00:20:13,280 Speaker 1: bounces it out um in one direction, but then it 358 00:20:13,720 --> 00:20:16,280 Speaker 1: it does tend to flatten things in the other direction. Yeah. 359 00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:19,000 Speaker 1: And this angular momentum is the reason why, for example, 360 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:22,000 Speaker 1: the Earth doesn't collapse into the Sun, right, It's the 361 00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:25,560 Speaker 1: reason why we're still here. If we didn't have angular momentum, 362 00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:27,680 Speaker 1: then the Earth would just fall into the Sun because 363 00:20:27,720 --> 00:20:30,040 Speaker 1: of the force of gravity. It's the angular momentum that 364 00:20:30,119 --> 00:20:33,120 Speaker 1: keeps us in an orbit, that keeps the planets from 365 00:20:33,160 --> 00:20:35,760 Speaker 1: just collapsing into the Sun, and keeps the galaxy from 366 00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:39,119 Speaker 1: collapsing into the central black hole. So angular momentum is 367 00:20:39,280 --> 00:20:42,440 Speaker 1: very much why we're here. Yeah, And and it sort 368 00:20:42,440 --> 00:20:45,080 Speaker 1: of works at different scales to like you said, like, um, 369 00:20:45,920 --> 00:20:49,359 Speaker 1: you know, the galaxy is u had looks like a 370 00:20:49,440 --> 00:20:54,200 Speaker 1: disc because everything spinning on sort of one um flat 371 00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:57,720 Speaker 1: plane UM. But then the stuff within that plane also 372 00:20:57,840 --> 00:21:01,400 Speaker 1: sort of callesces and and the same thing happens, and 373 00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:05,280 Speaker 1: that that starts um spinning in one plane like the 374 00:21:05,320 --> 00:21:08,280 Speaker 1: Solar system, and then also the stuff in the Solar 375 00:21:08,280 --> 00:21:11,320 Speaker 1: system starts coming together due to gravity, like the Earth, 376 00:21:11,400 --> 00:21:14,639 Speaker 1: and then that's also spinning in pretty much almost the 377 00:21:14,680 --> 00:21:18,719 Speaker 1: same direction, right, yeah, exactly. The Earth spins in the 378 00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:22,159 Speaker 1: same direction as the planets move around the Sun, and 379 00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:24,720 Speaker 1: the planets move around the Sun in the same direction 380 00:21:24,920 --> 00:21:28,960 Speaker 1: as the Sun rotates. Now that's mostly true for everything, 381 00:21:29,200 --> 00:21:31,520 Speaker 1: and we'll talk about it in a minute. There's sometimes 382 00:21:31,520 --> 00:21:35,000 Speaker 1: some deviations. Those deviations are really fascinating because they tell you, like, 383 00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:38,560 Speaker 1: something weird happened here. For example, most of the stars 384 00:21:38,560 --> 00:21:40,480 Speaker 1: in the galaxy rotate around the center of the galaxy 385 00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:43,040 Speaker 1: in the same direction, but there are a few things 386 00:21:43,119 --> 00:21:46,240 Speaker 1: out there they are going the opposite way, that rotate 387 00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:48,840 Speaker 1: around the center of the galaxy, going the other direction 388 00:21:49,040 --> 00:21:53,480 Speaker 1: from most of the traffic. I think they're called contrarian stars. 389 00:21:54,720 --> 00:21:58,360 Speaker 1: No they're not, No, exactly. These are actually globular clusters. 390 00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:01,600 Speaker 1: These like collections of star and as we'll talk about 391 00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:04,520 Speaker 1: in a minute. There are some planets in our Solar 392 00:22:04,520 --> 00:22:08,240 Speaker 1: system that spin in an unusual direction, and so you 393 00:22:08,280 --> 00:22:10,880 Speaker 1: can ask questions like, if everything else is spinning this way, 394 00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:13,919 Speaker 1: why is this spinning? The other way to spin is 395 00:22:14,119 --> 00:22:16,879 Speaker 1: really fundamental to the whole like structure of the universe 396 00:22:16,960 --> 00:22:19,520 Speaker 1: and the structure of our galaxy, and it reveals lots 397 00:22:19,560 --> 00:22:22,679 Speaker 1: of interesting clues about how things came to be. All right, 398 00:22:22,760 --> 00:22:25,800 Speaker 1: let's get into how the other planets in our Solar 399 00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:30,520 Speaker 1: system spin and what would happen if our planet stop spinning. 400 00:22:31,040 --> 00:22:46,320 Speaker 1: But first let's take a quick break. All right, Daniel, 401 00:22:46,320 --> 00:22:50,879 Speaker 1: we are spinning here. We're in a spin class. Uh. 402 00:22:50,920 --> 00:22:54,400 Speaker 1: And some people might be um listening to this while 403 00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:58,600 Speaker 1: on a stationary bicycle spinning. But um, but if we're 404 00:22:58,600 --> 00:23:00,720 Speaker 1: talking about give them some motivation, and you know, push 405 00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:04,520 Speaker 1: push push, let's just the opposite. Let's encourage him to 406 00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:07,399 Speaker 1: take it to relax. Why are you? Why are you 407 00:23:07,480 --> 00:23:11,840 Speaker 1: bicycling so hard? You look great, man, don't worry about it. 408 00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:16,440 Speaker 1: Think about the spinning doughnut. Alright, So we're talking about 409 00:23:16,920 --> 00:23:21,280 Speaker 1: spinning things in in space and in our solarcism, And 410 00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:25,040 Speaker 1: then you were saying that not all planets spin the 411 00:23:25,080 --> 00:23:28,520 Speaker 1: same way. Yeah, there's a huge variation, not just in 412 00:23:28,560 --> 00:23:31,240 Speaker 1: the direction of the spin, but in the rate of spin. 413 00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:34,320 Speaker 1: Like the Earth of course, takes one day to spin. 414 00:23:34,359 --> 00:23:37,120 Speaker 1: That's how we define a day. And it turns out 415 00:23:37,160 --> 00:23:40,439 Speaker 1: that Mars also takes about a day to spin. But 416 00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:43,480 Speaker 1: the bigger planets like Jupiter and Saturn, they spin much faster, 417 00:23:43,680 --> 00:23:46,919 Speaker 1: like it only takes Jupiter nine hours to spin, and 418 00:23:47,040 --> 00:23:50,159 Speaker 1: it's a lot bigger, which means it's surface is really 419 00:23:50,200 --> 00:23:54,000 Speaker 1: going quickly. Do they measure that by like the surface 420 00:23:54,240 --> 00:23:56,199 Speaker 1: or like do they do we know how fast the 421 00:23:56,320 --> 00:24:00,159 Speaker 1: core is spinning. We think actually there's differential rotation some 422 00:24:00,200 --> 00:24:02,600 Speaker 1: of these planets, that the core might be spinning at 423 00:24:02,640 --> 00:24:05,400 Speaker 1: different speeds than the outer layers. But here we're talking 424 00:24:05,440 --> 00:24:07,679 Speaker 1: about the outer layers. Were like watching stuff on the 425 00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:11,800 Speaker 1: surface of the planet move. All right, So, um, there 426 00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:15,320 Speaker 1: are spinning really quickly. Um, but there are some planets 427 00:24:15,359 --> 00:24:19,480 Speaker 1: that's been really slowly. Yeah, Mercury and Venus, the ones 428 00:24:19,520 --> 00:24:21,800 Speaker 1: that are closer to the Sun than us, they spent 429 00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:26,440 Speaker 1: really slowly, Like Mercury takes fifty eight days to rotate 430 00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:30,959 Speaker 1: once and Venus takes two hundred and forty three days, 431 00:24:31,040 --> 00:24:34,840 Speaker 1: which is ridiculous. Yeah, that is weird. And now is 432 00:24:34,880 --> 00:24:37,720 Speaker 1: there an explanation why some of them spin faster than others. 433 00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:42,159 Speaker 1: So we don't really know, but we think that some 434 00:24:42,200 --> 00:24:46,240 Speaker 1: of these things reflect like the history of the objects, 435 00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:48,639 Speaker 1: like maybe they got hit and that changes their spin. 436 00:24:49,080 --> 00:24:52,800 Speaker 1: And also it reflects something about the effect of the 437 00:24:52,880 --> 00:24:56,240 Speaker 1: Sun on these objects, right, because the ones that seemed 438 00:24:56,320 --> 00:24:59,320 Speaker 1: closer to the Sun seemed to be spinning slower, whereas 439 00:24:59,320 --> 00:25:03,359 Speaker 1: the ones further out are spinning superfast. Yeah, because the 440 00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:05,679 Speaker 1: Sun actually plays a big effect on the spin of 441 00:25:05,760 --> 00:25:08,320 Speaker 1: these planets. It's not just like the original stuff that 442 00:25:08,359 --> 00:25:11,200 Speaker 1: was spinning and is still spinning. The Sun is massaging 443 00:25:11,200 --> 00:25:15,000 Speaker 1: these planets. There are gravitational tides on these planets. So 444 00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:17,280 Speaker 1: the Sun pulls harder on the bits of the planets 445 00:25:17,280 --> 00:25:19,760 Speaker 1: that are closer to the Sun and not as hard 446 00:25:20,160 --> 00:25:22,320 Speaker 1: on the other side of the planet that's further from 447 00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:25,160 Speaker 1: the Sun, and so that affects the shape of the planet. 448 00:25:25,359 --> 00:25:28,719 Speaker 1: It causes these tides, these squeezing of the planet, and 449 00:25:28,720 --> 00:25:33,640 Speaker 1: that affects its spin. But it also has another opposite effect, 450 00:25:33,960 --> 00:25:36,360 Speaker 1: and that it heats up the air on the planet, 451 00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:38,720 Speaker 1: so it heats up the air on one side more 452 00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:42,399 Speaker 1: than on the other side, and that causes really complex 453 00:25:42,480 --> 00:25:45,800 Speaker 1: atmospheric tides on the planet. Like the shape of the 454 00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:49,040 Speaker 1: Earth's atmosphere changes as we go around the Sun, m 455 00:25:49,480 --> 00:25:53,840 Speaker 1: and that can actually change the rotation of the planet. Yeah, 456 00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:57,399 Speaker 1: differential heating of the atmosphere can cause like a shape 457 00:25:57,400 --> 00:26:00,320 Speaker 1: difference on the planet, and it can cause differential rag 458 00:26:00,560 --> 00:26:03,520 Speaker 1: on the planet. And so these two things. It's very complicated, 459 00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:06,399 Speaker 1: and people still don't even really agree on how this 460 00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:09,439 Speaker 1: is all working their complex models. But for example, we 461 00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:12,919 Speaker 1: think that the reason that Venus rotates so slowly is 462 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:15,000 Speaker 1: that this is some sort of like balance between these 463 00:26:15,040 --> 00:26:19,240 Speaker 1: gravitational effects and these atmospheric effects. That's that's come to 464 00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:22,399 Speaker 1: balance Venus in this weird state, all right. And so 465 00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:24,959 Speaker 1: it's not just how fast are spinning that is different 466 00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:27,479 Speaker 1: between the planets. It's also like how they're spinning right 467 00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:31,159 Speaker 1: and which direction they're spinning, Yeah, because one of them 468 00:26:31,160 --> 00:26:34,160 Speaker 1: out there is totally crazy, like urine Iss is tilted 469 00:26:34,520 --> 00:26:38,000 Speaker 1: ninety degrees. Most of the planets are spinning around an 470 00:26:38,040 --> 00:26:40,840 Speaker 1: access that's parallel to the axis that the Sun is spinning, 471 00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:43,119 Speaker 1: and right, the Sun is like the major player here, 472 00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:46,480 Speaker 1: and everybody's following its lead. But urine is it spins 473 00:26:46,480 --> 00:26:50,240 Speaker 1: around an access that's tilted like ninety degrees. It's spinning 474 00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:53,080 Speaker 1: around an access that's that's like flat. With the Solar system, 475 00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:58,640 Speaker 1: it's like laying down decide it's doing its own thing. 476 00:26:58,960 --> 00:27:01,000 Speaker 1: And that's fascinating because you wonder like, well, what does 477 00:27:01,040 --> 00:27:03,640 Speaker 1: that mean, Where did that come from? Why is that happening? 478 00:27:04,280 --> 00:27:07,600 Speaker 1: And the typical story is that, oh, maybe Uriness was 479 00:27:07,640 --> 00:27:11,240 Speaker 1: like hit by some really big object, because to change 480 00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:13,600 Speaker 1: the spin, you need some sort of external force. Right, 481 00:27:13,640 --> 00:27:16,440 Speaker 1: an object that's just spinning can't change its spin without 482 00:27:16,480 --> 00:27:19,160 Speaker 1: some sort of external torque, something that's going to change 483 00:27:19,160 --> 00:27:22,160 Speaker 1: its angular momentum. So you imagine like some object coming 484 00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:25,399 Speaker 1: from deep space and smacking into it and changing its spin. 485 00:27:25,800 --> 00:27:29,280 Speaker 1: And that's a possible explanation, but scientists don't actually think 486 00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:32,639 Speaker 1: that's the most likely explanation. I see. The it is 487 00:27:32,720 --> 00:27:35,440 Speaker 1: that they all started spinning the same way, like all 488 00:27:35,440 --> 00:27:38,320 Speaker 1: the planets were spinning in the same direction. But if 489 00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:42,960 Speaker 1: it's not, then something must have happened. Something must have happened. Yeah, 490 00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:45,320 Speaker 1: And the problem with the story that it's like one 491 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:48,360 Speaker 1: really big collision that's smacked Urinus and knocked it over. 492 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:51,159 Speaker 1: Uriness seems to have kept its moons. If there was 493 00:27:51,200 --> 00:27:53,679 Speaker 1: one really big collision that that was big enough to 494 00:27:53,760 --> 00:27:56,960 Speaker 1: knock Urnus over really suddenly, then it probably would have 495 00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:00,680 Speaker 1: lost its moons, which just gone flying out into space instead. 496 00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:03,240 Speaker 1: To keep your moons and tilt over, you need some 497 00:28:03,280 --> 00:28:06,720 Speaker 1: sort of like gradual process. So they're imagining now some 498 00:28:06,840 --> 00:28:09,359 Speaker 1: sort of like a series of smaller collisions that like 499 00:28:09,560 --> 00:28:11,359 Speaker 1: knock it a little bit, and knock it a little bit, 500 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:13,960 Speaker 1: knock it a little bit, doing it gradually so you 501 00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:17,880 Speaker 1: don't lose the moons. Interesting, now, are the moons spinning 502 00:28:17,960 --> 00:28:20,560 Speaker 1: in the same way that the planet is spinning or 503 00:28:20,720 --> 00:28:24,680 Speaker 1: is it totally different. Most of the moons do spin 504 00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:27,160 Speaker 1: the same direction the planets are spinning, and the same 505 00:28:27,200 --> 00:28:29,719 Speaker 1: direction the planets are going around the Sun, but not 506 00:28:29,800 --> 00:28:31,879 Speaker 1: all of them. And there's too many moons in the 507 00:28:31,920 --> 00:28:34,760 Speaker 1: Solar System to even count for. And these big planets 508 00:28:34,800 --> 00:28:37,439 Speaker 1: have lots of moons, and so there's definitely some crazy 509 00:28:37,440 --> 00:28:41,240 Speaker 1: behavior there too many moons, I like that phrase, and 510 00:28:41,320 --> 00:28:44,920 Speaker 1: that's something. There's one planet that even rotates backwards, like 511 00:28:44,960 --> 00:28:48,440 Speaker 1: it spins the wrong way Yeah, that's Venus. Venus is 512 00:28:48,480 --> 00:28:51,440 Speaker 1: going the other direction, you know, Like, first of all, 513 00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:54,440 Speaker 1: it's bonkers that Venus takes so long to rotate. You know, 514 00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:57,520 Speaker 1: it takes two hundred and forties something days to rotate, 515 00:28:57,640 --> 00:28:59,480 Speaker 1: which is about as long as it takes for it 516 00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:02,480 Speaker 1: to go around the Sun, which means that like a 517 00:29:02,640 --> 00:29:05,280 Speaker 1: day on Venus is about the same as a year 518 00:29:05,320 --> 00:29:09,160 Speaker 1: on Venus, means like, you know, it's always your birthday 519 00:29:09,160 --> 00:29:13,040 Speaker 1: on Venus, or always your anniversary if you live on Venus. Nice. 520 00:29:13,360 --> 00:29:15,360 Speaker 1: It's a lot of birthday kids you have to buy, 521 00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:19,120 Speaker 1: but you have all data planet right, which turns out 522 00:29:19,160 --> 00:29:23,800 Speaker 1: to be it's one long party in Venus. It is 523 00:29:23,920 --> 00:29:27,400 Speaker 1: one long party. But yeah, it's going the other direction, right, 524 00:29:27,840 --> 00:29:31,400 Speaker 1: It's it's spinning the opposite direction from its motion around 525 00:29:31,440 --> 00:29:37,080 Speaker 1: the Sun. All right, So, um, it seems that most 526 00:29:37,120 --> 00:29:39,400 Speaker 1: things are spinning in the Solar system. But now to 527 00:29:39,400 --> 00:29:42,920 Speaker 1: get back to our question is, um, what would happen 528 00:29:42,960 --> 00:29:45,360 Speaker 1: if the Earth stop spinning? What would happen if we 529 00:29:45,360 --> 00:29:47,840 Speaker 1: weren't spinning the way we are? Now? This is not 530 00:29:47,960 --> 00:29:51,840 Speaker 1: something I recommend you actually exploring, Supervillain Council, because this 531 00:29:51,880 --> 00:29:54,960 Speaker 1: would be pretty bad and it depends a little bit 532 00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:57,200 Speaker 1: on what you mean by the Earth stop spinning, Like, 533 00:29:57,880 --> 00:30:00,200 Speaker 1: is it just the rock of the Earth that's stop 534 00:30:00,240 --> 00:30:02,520 Speaker 1: spinning all of a sudden, or is the whole planet, 535 00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:06,120 Speaker 1: including like the oceans and the atmosphere also stops spinning, 536 00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:08,760 Speaker 1: right and all. It also depends on how fast it 537 00:30:08,800 --> 00:30:13,640 Speaker 1: stops spinning, right, Like, are we hitting the brakes? Is 538 00:30:13,720 --> 00:30:17,200 Speaker 1: Superman suddenly like putting its thumb on the Earth and 539 00:30:17,240 --> 00:30:19,920 Speaker 1: making it stop, or are we talking about like over 540 00:30:20,080 --> 00:30:25,680 Speaker 1: centuries or even years? Yeah, exactly. So the most dramatic 541 00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:29,560 Speaker 1: scenario is like if the Earth stopped spinning basically immediately 542 00:30:29,680 --> 00:30:32,600 Speaker 1: Superman pulls the brakes, and he only does so on 543 00:30:32,680 --> 00:30:35,800 Speaker 1: like the surface of the Earth and its internals. In 544 00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:38,600 Speaker 1: that case, you have some pretty dramatic effects because now 545 00:30:38,640 --> 00:30:41,840 Speaker 1: the air is moving at a really high velocity relative 546 00:30:41,880 --> 00:30:45,440 Speaker 1: to the ground. Before you stop the spinning, the ground 547 00:30:45,520 --> 00:30:48,360 Speaker 1: and the air are both rotating around the center of 548 00:30:48,360 --> 00:30:51,360 Speaker 1: the Earth. But the earth stops, then all of a sudden, 549 00:30:51,360 --> 00:30:54,360 Speaker 1: the atmosphere is moving across the Earth instead of just 550 00:30:54,400 --> 00:30:57,920 Speaker 1: sitting on it, and at pretty high speeds. Right. Yeah, 551 00:30:57,960 --> 00:31:00,440 Speaker 1: Like if you stop the rock of the Earth, the 552 00:31:00,680 --> 00:31:04,080 Speaker 1: everything on it would still keep on spinning. That's the problem, 553 00:31:04,160 --> 00:31:06,800 Speaker 1: including the I guess starting with the atmosphere, but also 554 00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:11,479 Speaker 1: us exactly also us, And it depends on where you 555 00:31:11,560 --> 00:31:14,280 Speaker 1: are on the Earth. If you're at the equator, then 556 00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:16,440 Speaker 1: the spinning of the Earth moves your holes or conference 557 00:31:16,480 --> 00:31:19,479 Speaker 1: to the earth like twenty four thousand miles in twenty 558 00:31:19,480 --> 00:31:22,280 Speaker 1: four hours. That means you're going at a thousand miles 559 00:31:22,280 --> 00:31:25,240 Speaker 1: per hour, and all of a sudden the rock under 560 00:31:25,280 --> 00:31:29,000 Speaker 1: you stops. Then basically you're moving at a thousand miles 561 00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:34,400 Speaker 1: per hour relative to that rock. That doesn't sound good. Basically, Yeah, 562 00:31:34,440 --> 00:31:36,440 Speaker 1: it'd be like being in a in a in a 563 00:31:36,480 --> 00:31:39,920 Speaker 1: crash kind of you get launched in the direction of 564 00:31:39,960 --> 00:31:42,280 Speaker 1: the spin. You get launched in the direction of the spin, 565 00:31:42,320 --> 00:31:45,000 Speaker 1: and you would smack right into stuff around you, right, 566 00:31:45,040 --> 00:31:47,520 Speaker 1: and so it'd be pretty dangerous. The world around us 567 00:31:47,600 --> 00:31:50,640 Speaker 1: is not built for humans traveling through a thousand miles 568 00:31:50,640 --> 00:31:53,480 Speaker 1: per hour, right, And you know, like the houses would 569 00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:58,400 Speaker 1: stay attached to the rock presumably or maybe maybe not actually, 570 00:31:58,840 --> 00:32:01,680 Speaker 1: but most of the stuff would stay attached to the rock. 571 00:32:01,760 --> 00:32:04,240 Speaker 1: But then the wind would be basically going into thousand 572 00:32:04,280 --> 00:32:08,160 Speaker 1: miles per hour. Yeah, my house is not strong enough 573 00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:11,640 Speaker 1: to sustain a thousand mile per hour shock, but maybe 574 00:32:11,680 --> 00:32:14,120 Speaker 1: yours is. But if you imagine that your house somehow 575 00:32:14,240 --> 00:32:17,120 Speaker 1: does stay attached to the earth, then it's suddenly moving 576 00:32:17,160 --> 00:32:19,720 Speaker 1: through the atmosphere at a thousand miles per hour, And 577 00:32:19,800 --> 00:32:22,680 Speaker 1: a thousand miles per hour is a very strong wind, 578 00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:26,200 Speaker 1: stronger than any hurricane, and it would basically just scour 579 00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:31,200 Speaker 1: the Earth smooth at the equator, though only at the equator. Yes, 580 00:32:31,320 --> 00:32:34,080 Speaker 1: at the equator. If you're at the north pole, then 581 00:32:34,200 --> 00:32:37,120 Speaker 1: there's no wind, right because at the north pole, you're 582 00:32:37,120 --> 00:32:40,120 Speaker 1: not moving across the surface of the Earth. You're spinning 583 00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:43,120 Speaker 1: like you know, a top. But if that stopped, there'd 584 00:32:43,160 --> 00:32:46,280 Speaker 1: be no relative velocity to the air. What if I'm 585 00:32:46,360 --> 00:32:50,360 Speaker 1: pretty far up north, like a Norway or Canada, do 586 00:32:50,400 --> 00:32:52,760 Speaker 1: I have had some good chances of survival there there? 587 00:32:52,880 --> 00:32:55,600 Speaker 1: Or is it still pretty dramatic? Depends a little bit 588 00:32:55,640 --> 00:32:57,200 Speaker 1: on how dependent you are and the rest of the 589 00:32:57,240 --> 00:33:00,800 Speaker 1: Earth's economy. But you know, I think the mobal devastation 590 00:33:00,880 --> 00:33:03,560 Speaker 1: would be such that, like society would collapse, you might 591 00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:07,040 Speaker 1: immediately survive, you know, goes up like with some Trigg 592 00:33:07,160 --> 00:33:10,760 Speaker 1: function of your latitude. Um So nor would definitely be 593 00:33:10,800 --> 00:33:15,680 Speaker 1: more survivable than you know, equatorial Guinea. Alright, so that's 594 00:33:15,720 --> 00:33:20,640 Speaker 1: if the Earth suddenly stops spinning. Um, what else would happen? 595 00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:24,280 Speaker 1: What if it wasn't sudden? I think it's much more 596 00:33:24,320 --> 00:33:27,280 Speaker 1: interesting to consider like an actual physical scenario where the 597 00:33:27,280 --> 00:33:30,120 Speaker 1: Earth stops spinning more gradually and to think about, like 598 00:33:30,200 --> 00:33:32,360 Speaker 1: what would life be like on Earth that has like 599 00:33:32,880 --> 00:33:36,400 Speaker 1: very gradually come to a screeching halt and not spinning 600 00:33:36,880 --> 00:33:44,440 Speaker 1: where everything and it survives technically, uh, nothing gets destroyed immediately? Um, now, 601 00:33:44,520 --> 00:33:46,480 Speaker 1: and like now, what would the what would life on 602 00:33:46,520 --> 00:33:50,160 Speaker 1: Earth be like if we weren't spinning? Yeah, and there's 603 00:33:50,160 --> 00:33:53,200 Speaker 1: some pretty interesting effects like well, first is the obvious stuff, 604 00:33:53,240 --> 00:33:56,520 Speaker 1: like well, there's no more day and night, right. Your 605 00:33:56,840 --> 00:33:59,080 Speaker 1: vision of the sun seeing it only twelve hours a 606 00:33:59,160 --> 00:34:01,760 Speaker 1: day is because the Earth is spinning and it turns 607 00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:04,479 Speaker 1: the Sun behind the back of the Earth. But if 608 00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:07,560 Speaker 1: the Earth is no longer spinning, then your days are 609 00:34:07,600 --> 00:34:12,000 Speaker 1: not twelve hours long, they're like six months long. M M. 610 00:34:12,880 --> 00:34:16,400 Speaker 1: Now with that affect like temperatures, like when one side 611 00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:18,879 Speaker 1: of the Earth get roasted if it had a six 612 00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:23,319 Speaker 1: month day and the other side would get frozen. Yeah, absolutely, 613 00:34:23,360 --> 00:34:26,600 Speaker 1: it's like having summer but without a break. Right in 614 00:34:26,680 --> 00:34:28,880 Speaker 1: the summer, it can get pretty hot because you're tilted 615 00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:31,600 Speaker 1: towards the sun. But then you get a break and 616 00:34:31,680 --> 00:34:33,759 Speaker 1: when the earth rotates and you get nighttime for things 617 00:34:33,800 --> 00:34:36,640 Speaker 1: to cool off. But in this scenario where the Earth 618 00:34:36,680 --> 00:34:41,120 Speaker 1: doesn't spin, you have like six months continuously of hot 619 00:34:41,160 --> 00:34:44,640 Speaker 1: summer days, and so the temperature variations would be much 620 00:34:44,719 --> 00:34:47,439 Speaker 1: more dramatic than they are now. So the seasons would 621 00:34:47,440 --> 00:34:51,120 Speaker 1: get exaggerated, right, But would they get that would get 622 00:34:51,320 --> 00:34:53,440 Speaker 1: hot and too hot for us to live in, like 623 00:34:53,480 --> 00:34:57,239 Speaker 1: with it just roast everything on the daytime side of 624 00:34:57,360 --> 00:35:00,439 Speaker 1: the earth, or would it just be a a long 625 00:35:00,520 --> 00:35:02,120 Speaker 1: day and we would be okay, you just have to 626 00:35:02,120 --> 00:35:06,879 Speaker 1: wear more sun block. Um Well, on average, the same 627 00:35:06,920 --> 00:35:09,480 Speaker 1: amount of energy would fall on the Earth's surface, so 628 00:35:09,520 --> 00:35:12,840 Speaker 1: you'd have colder winters and warmer summers, and so the 629 00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:15,719 Speaker 1: peak temperatures would definitely be more extreme because it would 630 00:35:15,719 --> 00:35:18,239 Speaker 1: be time for the temperature to build up day upon 631 00:35:18,360 --> 00:35:20,720 Speaker 1: day upon day. But you're not gonna be like roasting 632 00:35:20,800 --> 00:35:22,719 Speaker 1: humans when they go outside. It's just going to get 633 00:35:22,880 --> 00:35:25,520 Speaker 1: more uncomfortable. And then there will be portions of the 634 00:35:25,520 --> 00:35:30,560 Speaker 1: Earth that maybe inhabitable because they get too hot practically speaking, right, 635 00:35:30,719 --> 00:35:32,880 Speaker 1: And I guess the biology would have to adapt to, 636 00:35:33,040 --> 00:35:35,600 Speaker 1: like plants would have to get these to only getting 637 00:35:35,640 --> 00:35:38,680 Speaker 1: sun six months of the year. Yeah, it's incredible how 638 00:35:38,760 --> 00:35:41,480 Speaker 1: much of our ecosystems and how much of the biology 639 00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:44,480 Speaker 1: on Earth is linked to this cycle of day and night. 640 00:35:44,520 --> 00:35:47,279 Speaker 1: It tells you not only that it would be devastating 641 00:35:47,280 --> 00:35:49,440 Speaker 1: for that it stopped, but that has been going on 642 00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:52,400 Speaker 1: for a long long time, you know, so much of 643 00:35:52,440 --> 00:35:55,600 Speaker 1: life on Earth depends on this cycle, assumes this cycle, 644 00:35:55,840 --> 00:35:59,120 Speaker 1: which means it's probably never really been disrupted. Yeah, I 645 00:35:59,160 --> 00:36:02,120 Speaker 1: guess you what, what what happened? Would you need um, Like, 646 00:36:02,120 --> 00:36:04,359 Speaker 1: would all the plants die six months of the year 647 00:36:04,400 --> 00:36:06,799 Speaker 1: and then come back the other six months or would 648 00:36:06,800 --> 00:36:08,839 Speaker 1: they just do you think they would just adapt? Well, 649 00:36:08,840 --> 00:36:12,040 Speaker 1: there are some plants, right that do die every six 650 00:36:12,080 --> 00:36:14,560 Speaker 1: months and just go back to their roots and then regrow, 651 00:36:15,080 --> 00:36:18,200 Speaker 1: and so plants that can do that would survive. So yeah, 652 00:36:18,440 --> 00:36:21,160 Speaker 1: plants that need sun, you know, more than every six 653 00:36:21,239 --> 00:36:23,600 Speaker 1: months would definitely die off, and we'd be left with 654 00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:26,000 Speaker 1: a subset of plants that can survive this kind of 655 00:36:26,040 --> 00:36:28,840 Speaker 1: weird environment, and then they would you know, evolve and 656 00:36:28,880 --> 00:36:31,680 Speaker 1: grow to fill all those niches. So we'd have very 657 00:36:31,680 --> 00:36:33,719 Speaker 1: different foliage on Earth. If you stop the earth and 658 00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:36,360 Speaker 1: spinning and then waited like a thousand years, you'd have 659 00:36:36,400 --> 00:36:39,160 Speaker 1: a very different collection of plants. Some of them, for sure, 660 00:36:39,200 --> 00:36:42,640 Speaker 1: would survive well. I certainly would look forward to not 661 00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:44,840 Speaker 1: having to work six months out of the year. That 662 00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:48,960 Speaker 1: sounds pretty good, like be nailed. Just sticking for six 663 00:36:49,000 --> 00:36:53,680 Speaker 1: months sounds sounds pretty good right now. But you might 664 00:36:53,719 --> 00:36:56,440 Speaker 1: have to plan your vacations differently because the whole surface 665 00:36:56,480 --> 00:36:59,640 Speaker 1: of the Earth would look different if the Earth wasn't spinning. Yeah, 666 00:36:59,719 --> 00:37:03,040 Speaker 1: what do you mean, um, Like the continents would be different. Yeah, 667 00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:05,960 Speaker 1: the continents would be different because the distribution of water 668 00:37:06,040 --> 00:37:10,120 Speaker 1: would be different. Water responds differently than land does to spin. 669 00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:13,279 Speaker 1: Water is liquid, of course, it's much more deformable, and 670 00:37:13,320 --> 00:37:16,160 Speaker 1: so as you spin the Earth, the water tends to 671 00:37:16,200 --> 00:37:19,520 Speaker 1: bulge up near the equators. And so that's the spinning 672 00:37:19,520 --> 00:37:22,120 Speaker 1: of the Earth that keeps more water at the equator 673 00:37:22,320 --> 00:37:25,200 Speaker 1: than at the poles. And if the Earth stops spinning, 674 00:37:25,440 --> 00:37:27,879 Speaker 1: and then that water sort of resettles and a lot 675 00:37:27,880 --> 00:37:30,440 Speaker 1: of it moves from the equator out to the poles. 676 00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:34,680 Speaker 1: What so Wait, are you saying that that the water 677 00:37:34,960 --> 00:37:38,760 Speaker 1: is deeper or taller near the equator than near the poles. 678 00:37:39,480 --> 00:37:41,840 Speaker 1: Distance from sea level to the center of the Earth 679 00:37:42,000 --> 00:37:44,880 Speaker 1: is greater at the equator than it is at the poles. 680 00:37:45,320 --> 00:37:48,120 Speaker 1: And so if you stopped spinning of the Earth, that 681 00:37:48,200 --> 00:37:50,600 Speaker 1: of course would equilibrate, and so a lot of water 682 00:37:50,600 --> 00:37:53,040 Speaker 1: would flow to the poles. And what you get is 683 00:37:53,040 --> 00:37:58,399 Speaker 1: basically two massive polar oceans, right, huge vast oceans near 684 00:37:58,440 --> 00:38:01,920 Speaker 1: the poles, and then like a big supercontinent at the equator. 685 00:38:02,280 --> 00:38:07,960 Speaker 1: Whoa meaning um forget about Norway. Then in Canada maybe 686 00:38:08,680 --> 00:38:12,600 Speaker 1: like they may have survived the earth stop stop Earth 687 00:38:12,680 --> 00:38:17,000 Speaker 1: hitting the brakes, but they're not going to survive the floods. Maybe, Yeah. Exactly, 688 00:38:17,120 --> 00:38:21,200 Speaker 1: North Dakota now becomes you know, ocean front property. Oh 689 00:38:21,320 --> 00:38:27,040 Speaker 1: and Panama becomes much bigger. That's good, exactly exactly Panama 690 00:38:27,080 --> 00:38:29,799 Speaker 1: becomes much bigger. Wow, So it would reshape the map. 691 00:38:30,640 --> 00:38:33,239 Speaker 1: It would totally reshape the bap exactly. You know when 692 00:38:33,239 --> 00:38:34,960 Speaker 1: you look at the surface of the Earth, but you're 693 00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:37,760 Speaker 1: seeing only, of course, is the land that peaks above 694 00:38:37,840 --> 00:38:40,040 Speaker 1: the surface of the water. As if you change the 695 00:38:40,040 --> 00:38:42,680 Speaker 1: water level, you're going to change the edges of the continents, 696 00:38:42,719 --> 00:38:44,960 Speaker 1: as you're gonna change really what the Earth looks like. 697 00:38:45,800 --> 00:38:47,560 Speaker 1: Are there numbers for that, like how much would the 698 00:38:47,640 --> 00:38:50,320 Speaker 1: sea level change at the equator? Is it like hundreds 699 00:38:50,360 --> 00:38:54,120 Speaker 1: of feet or several feet? Well, the distance from the 700 00:38:54,200 --> 00:38:57,520 Speaker 1: center of the Earth the sea level is twenty kilometers 701 00:38:57,640 --> 00:39:00,920 Speaker 1: greater at the equator than at the pole, so it 702 00:39:00,960 --> 00:39:05,080 Speaker 1: would definitely make a dramatic effect. Mm hmm. Alright, let's 703 00:39:05,080 --> 00:39:09,880 Speaker 1: get into some other fun consequences of the Earth stopping 704 00:39:09,920 --> 00:39:13,440 Speaker 1: its spin and what might actually make it stop. But 705 00:39:13,520 --> 00:39:29,480 Speaker 1: first let's take another quick break. All right, we're talking 706 00:39:29,520 --> 00:39:34,000 Speaker 1: about the Earth stopping it's spin, and so far it's 707 00:39:34,040 --> 00:39:39,120 Speaker 1: not good. I mean, longer naps perhaps you know, uh, 708 00:39:39,719 --> 00:39:44,640 Speaker 1: new beach front property in North Dakota. But overall it 709 00:39:44,680 --> 00:39:46,640 Speaker 1: doesn't sound good. And that's not even the worst that 710 00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:50,160 Speaker 1: can happen. That's not even the worst exactly. The worst 711 00:39:50,200 --> 00:39:52,560 Speaker 1: maybe is that you would all gain weight if the 712 00:39:52,600 --> 00:39:56,799 Speaker 1: Earth stopped spinning. That's the worst. What depends on your 713 00:39:56,960 --> 00:40:00,640 Speaker 1: personal priorities. But you know, part of your weight is 714 00:40:00,680 --> 00:40:03,680 Speaker 1: the earth gravity pulling down on you. But there's a 715 00:40:03,719 --> 00:40:07,280 Speaker 1: counteracting force there. There's the spin of the Earth helps 716 00:40:07,640 --> 00:40:10,360 Speaker 1: gently push you away from the center of the Earth 717 00:40:10,719 --> 00:40:13,080 Speaker 1: the same way that like the Earth's motion around the 718 00:40:13,080 --> 00:40:15,640 Speaker 1: Sun is what prevents it from falling into the Sun. 719 00:40:16,239 --> 00:40:19,720 Speaker 1: Is this centripetal force that pushes in the opposite direction, 720 00:40:20,080 --> 00:40:23,200 Speaker 1: and the earth spin contributes to that. So if the 721 00:40:23,239 --> 00:40:25,880 Speaker 1: Earth stops spinning, then there would only be the force 722 00:40:25,920 --> 00:40:28,160 Speaker 1: of gravity and you would feel it more. There would 723 00:40:28,160 --> 00:40:31,200 Speaker 1: be no counteracting force there. Wait, what are you saying 724 00:40:31,239 --> 00:40:33,880 Speaker 1: that I weigh more in Panama than I do at 725 00:40:33,920 --> 00:40:36,200 Speaker 1: the North Pole. Oh no, wait, I weigh less in 726 00:40:36,200 --> 00:40:38,520 Speaker 1: Panama than I do in the North Pole, and weigh 727 00:40:38,600 --> 00:40:41,239 Speaker 1: more in the North Pole. Yeah, that's right, because you're 728 00:40:41,280 --> 00:40:44,160 Speaker 1: feeling the Earth's spin more in Panama than you are 729 00:40:44,200 --> 00:40:46,399 Speaker 1: at the North Pole. So that's why you gain weight 730 00:40:46,440 --> 00:40:49,600 Speaker 1: every time you go to Norway. Right, it's not just 731 00:40:49,640 --> 00:40:55,040 Speaker 1: the snacks, the cold fish and and blubber you keep 732 00:40:55,040 --> 00:40:58,719 Speaker 1: eating me there, Yeah, exactly. And if you did the opposite, 733 00:40:58,960 --> 00:41:01,200 Speaker 1: if you spun the Earth faster, if you if you 734 00:41:01,239 --> 00:41:03,880 Speaker 1: convince Superman to spin the Earth much much faster, if 735 00:41:03,920 --> 00:41:06,920 Speaker 1: you've got it to spend eighteen times faster, So that 736 00:41:07,040 --> 00:41:08,640 Speaker 1: only took like an hour and a half of the 737 00:41:08,680 --> 00:41:11,279 Speaker 1: Earth to spin all the way around, then you would 738 00:41:11,280 --> 00:41:14,040 Speaker 1: be witless on the surface of the Earth. We wouldn't 739 00:41:14,040 --> 00:41:17,520 Speaker 1: just stop spinning. We might even lose our magnetic field. Yeah, 740 00:41:17,719 --> 00:41:19,759 Speaker 1: if you stop the Earth from spinning, you would really 741 00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:23,200 Speaker 1: play unpleasant games with what's going on inside the Earth. 742 00:41:23,600 --> 00:41:25,880 Speaker 1: We talked a minute ago about how some of the 743 00:41:25,920 --> 00:41:29,040 Speaker 1: planets have differential rotation, like parts of them are rotating 744 00:41:29,040 --> 00:41:32,080 Speaker 1: at different speeds. That's actually kind of key because that 745 00:41:32,160 --> 00:41:36,000 Speaker 1: might be what helps drive the magnetic field of the Earth. Remember, 746 00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:39,319 Speaker 1: magnetic fields come from things moving in circles, usually like 747 00:41:39,480 --> 00:41:42,839 Speaker 1: currents of charge or in this case, hot lava or 748 00:41:43,040 --> 00:41:46,640 Speaker 1: melted metals that are flowing in these big currents inside 749 00:41:46,680 --> 00:41:49,040 Speaker 1: the Earth. And we think that the magnetic field might 750 00:41:49,080 --> 00:41:51,520 Speaker 1: come from the fact that those currents don't flow at 751 00:41:51,520 --> 00:41:54,000 Speaker 1: the same speed as the Earth. But it's vital that 752 00:41:54,040 --> 00:41:56,160 Speaker 1: those things are spinning. And if the Earth stopped spinning, 753 00:41:56,480 --> 00:42:01,040 Speaker 1: it might slow or change that rotation. But it might not. 754 00:42:01,320 --> 00:42:03,560 Speaker 1: To write like, maybe we could stop spinning, but the 755 00:42:04,040 --> 00:42:08,120 Speaker 1: stuff inside of the Earth could keep churning. It could 756 00:42:08,120 --> 00:42:10,759 Speaker 1: write it depends on what Superman is doing. If he's 757 00:42:10,840 --> 00:42:13,520 Speaker 1: only pushing on the crust, right and he lets the 758 00:42:13,560 --> 00:42:16,400 Speaker 1: stuff inside keep spinning. But if he's got some power 759 00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:19,239 Speaker 1: to stop everything inside the Earth from spinning, if you 760 00:42:19,320 --> 00:42:22,040 Speaker 1: like froze the Earth so that nothing in it was 761 00:42:22,120 --> 00:42:24,680 Speaker 1: moving and it wasn't spinning, then you would kill the 762 00:42:24,719 --> 00:42:28,319 Speaker 1: magnetic field, and then we'd be toast. And then we'd 763 00:42:28,320 --> 00:42:31,759 Speaker 1: be toast. Yeah, because our magnetic field is really important. 764 00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:35,960 Speaker 1: It's literally a force field that protects us from solar radiation. 765 00:42:36,280 --> 00:42:39,200 Speaker 1: The Sun is constantly shooting out an enormous stream of 766 00:42:39,239 --> 00:42:43,040 Speaker 1: protons and electrons and other crazy stuff and bombarding us 767 00:42:43,080 --> 00:42:45,600 Speaker 1: with it, and the magnetic field deflects all that stuff. 768 00:42:46,200 --> 00:42:50,680 Speaker 1: Yeah alright, so, um, it doesn't sound great. Let's hope 769 00:42:50,680 --> 00:42:54,120 Speaker 1: we keep on spinning. Let's pay the ransom to the 770 00:42:54,120 --> 00:42:56,839 Speaker 1: supervillain if they actually do threaten to stop the Earth 771 00:42:56,840 --> 00:43:01,919 Speaker 1: from a billion dollars. Sounds like a good good value there. Yeah, 772 00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:04,200 Speaker 1: everybody puts in twenty cents, and hey, we can save 773 00:43:04,200 --> 00:43:07,360 Speaker 1: the planet. Right, Yeah, there you go. Now, um, what 774 00:43:07,680 --> 00:43:09,400 Speaker 1: are some of the things that might actually make the 775 00:43:09,440 --> 00:43:12,279 Speaker 1: Earth stop? Could this actually happen? I mean, of course 776 00:43:12,320 --> 00:43:14,080 Speaker 1: Superman is not going to come and stop the Earth, 777 00:43:14,160 --> 00:43:17,239 Speaker 1: because first of all, he's a good guy and the 778 00:43:17,320 --> 00:43:20,759 Speaker 1: second of all, it doesn't exist. But is this a 779 00:43:20,840 --> 00:43:24,240 Speaker 1: realistic scenario at all? Like could the Earth stop spinning 780 00:43:24,360 --> 00:43:28,719 Speaker 1: one day? Eventually? Maybe? Maybe eventually. And if we look 781 00:43:28,719 --> 00:43:30,920 Speaker 1: on really long time scales, we do see that there 782 00:43:30,960 --> 00:43:33,960 Speaker 1: are some processes there that are changing the way the 783 00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:37,759 Speaker 1: Earth spins. So, for example, we have a moon that's 784 00:43:37,880 --> 00:43:41,040 Speaker 1: rotating around the Earth, and those two things are not separate. 785 00:43:41,040 --> 00:43:43,600 Speaker 1: The Moon is exerting our gravitational force on the Earth, 786 00:43:43,680 --> 00:43:46,400 Speaker 1: just like the Earth exerts force on the Moon, and 787 00:43:46,440 --> 00:43:49,920 Speaker 1: that causes some weird friction, Like the Moon is squeezing 788 00:43:49,920 --> 00:43:52,680 Speaker 1: the Earth. That changes the shape of the oceans, and 789 00:43:52,719 --> 00:43:55,640 Speaker 1: that causes some friction with the surface of the Earth. 790 00:43:56,120 --> 00:43:58,480 Speaker 1: And so what's happening is that the Moon is sort 791 00:43:58,520 --> 00:44:01,719 Speaker 1: of stealing some of our rotational speed. By doing this, 792 00:44:02,200 --> 00:44:04,560 Speaker 1: it means that the Moon is getting further and further out. 793 00:44:05,000 --> 00:44:07,880 Speaker 1: So we're losing the Moon about a centimeter per years, 794 00:44:07,880 --> 00:44:10,960 Speaker 1: getting further and further away. And to compensate for that, 795 00:44:11,040 --> 00:44:15,480 Speaker 1: to conserve angular momentum, the Earth is slowing down. Whoa 796 00:44:16,040 --> 00:44:20,279 Speaker 1: meaning like the like we're losing energy to the moon, 797 00:44:20,880 --> 00:44:23,239 Speaker 1: And yeah, we're losing energy to the moon. It's called 798 00:44:23,239 --> 00:44:27,080 Speaker 1: tidal friction. It's not happening very fast. It's like every 799 00:44:27,200 --> 00:44:31,960 Speaker 1: century a day is two milliseconds longer. In one century 800 00:44:31,960 --> 00:44:34,879 Speaker 1: and a hundred years, it will take two more milliseconds 801 00:44:34,880 --> 00:44:37,120 Speaker 1: for the Earth to complete one rotation. So it's not 802 00:44:37,200 --> 00:44:39,520 Speaker 1: something that's really going to change your life or my 803 00:44:39,600 --> 00:44:41,960 Speaker 1: life where our kids lives. But I feeling it live 804 00:44:41,960 --> 00:44:44,920 Speaker 1: as more sluggish as I get older, Daniel, Could that 805 00:44:45,000 --> 00:44:48,040 Speaker 1: be part of the effect of the moon. Yeah, I 806 00:44:48,040 --> 00:44:51,480 Speaker 1: think you're slowing down the rotation of the Earth. Um, 807 00:44:51,520 --> 00:44:54,120 Speaker 1: But it means that like in a hundred and forty 808 00:44:54,239 --> 00:44:58,280 Speaker 1: million years, our days will be twenty five hours instead 809 00:44:58,280 --> 00:45:01,080 Speaker 1: of twenty four hours, so you'll get that extra hour 810 00:45:01,160 --> 00:45:04,560 Speaker 1: to get all your stuff done. Two milliseconds that could 811 00:45:04,600 --> 00:45:08,440 Speaker 1: then that could make a big difference. It really adds up. 812 00:45:08,840 --> 00:45:11,080 Speaker 1: So that's a real thing that's happening, and it is 813 00:45:11,120 --> 00:45:13,799 Speaker 1: gradually slowing down the spin of the Earth. And so 814 00:45:13,880 --> 00:45:16,640 Speaker 1: you know, forty million years you slow down by an hour. 815 00:45:17,040 --> 00:45:19,800 Speaker 1: After a billion years you slow down by ten hours 816 00:45:19,920 --> 00:45:22,839 Speaker 1: or so, or eight hours after that. It doesn't really 817 00:45:22,840 --> 00:45:25,000 Speaker 1: make sense to make predictions because at that point the 818 00:45:25,040 --> 00:45:27,920 Speaker 1: Sun is going to expand and absorb the Earth. Anyway, 819 00:45:27,920 --> 00:45:29,840 Speaker 1: And so it doesn't really matter how fast we're spinning 820 00:45:29,880 --> 00:45:32,600 Speaker 1: at that point. It's going to be sunlight twenty four hours, 821 00:45:33,080 --> 00:45:37,239 Speaker 1: no matter the twenty six hours, no matter what. That's right, 822 00:45:37,520 --> 00:45:39,560 Speaker 1: But there are also other things that are happening here 823 00:45:39,560 --> 00:45:41,719 Speaker 1: on Earth that are changing the rate of the Earth 824 00:45:41,800 --> 00:45:45,959 Speaker 1: spin like a like in real time, like real time. 825 00:45:46,000 --> 00:45:48,320 Speaker 1: It turns out that if you just move stuff around 826 00:45:48,480 --> 00:45:51,800 Speaker 1: on the Earth, if you shift enough chunks of Earth around, 827 00:45:52,239 --> 00:45:54,600 Speaker 1: you can change how fast the Earth is spinning, sort 828 00:45:54,600 --> 00:45:57,040 Speaker 1: of like a figure skater on the ice. If she 829 00:45:57,200 --> 00:45:59,960 Speaker 1: pulls her arms in, she spins faster. If she moved 830 00:46:00,080 --> 00:46:02,640 Speaker 1: her arms out, she spins more slowly. So if you 831 00:46:02,760 --> 00:46:05,880 Speaker 1: rearrange chunks of Earth you can have the same effect. 832 00:46:06,320 --> 00:46:08,320 Speaker 1: And this kind of stuff happens every time there's like 833 00:46:08,360 --> 00:46:12,080 Speaker 1: a really big earthquake. Yeah, it happened recently, right, like 834 00:46:12,320 --> 00:46:15,480 Speaker 1: the Japan quake. Yeah, the two thousand eleven quake in 835 00:46:15,560 --> 00:46:19,360 Speaker 1: Japan moved enough Earth towards the equator that it's sped 836 00:46:19,440 --> 00:46:24,600 Speaker 1: up our rotation by one point eight microseconds because the 837 00:46:24,600 --> 00:46:28,440 Speaker 1: Earth got less less spread out or more spread out. 838 00:46:28,719 --> 00:46:31,600 Speaker 1: So to speed up something that's rotating, you need to 839 00:46:31,640 --> 00:46:34,440 Speaker 1: move stuff closer to the axis of rotation, so that 840 00:46:34,480 --> 00:46:36,680 Speaker 1: it would have to spin faster to have the same 841 00:46:36,719 --> 00:46:39,479 Speaker 1: Anglar momentum. So I guess this means that it moved 842 00:46:39,520 --> 00:46:42,319 Speaker 1: a bunch of Earth closer to the poles, which I 843 00:46:42,320 --> 00:46:45,760 Speaker 1: guess would mean moving it away from the equator. Actually, wow, 844 00:46:45,800 --> 00:46:47,840 Speaker 1: So does that Does that mean Daniel that if everyone 845 00:46:47,920 --> 00:46:52,879 Speaker 1: on Earth suddenly laid down at the same time, would 846 00:46:52,920 --> 00:46:55,640 Speaker 1: that make the Earth spin faster? Or if we all 847 00:46:55,719 --> 00:46:58,160 Speaker 1: jumped up at the same time, would that make the 848 00:46:58,200 --> 00:47:00,920 Speaker 1: Earth slowed down for a second? Yeah? Actually, I think 849 00:47:00,920 --> 00:47:03,480 Speaker 1: the Earth would spin faster if everybody laid down, or 850 00:47:03,520 --> 00:47:06,799 Speaker 1: if everybody like went underground into the subway, or if 851 00:47:06,800 --> 00:47:10,480 Speaker 1: everyone went to the equator. Right, Yeah, everyone went to 852 00:47:10,520 --> 00:47:13,760 Speaker 1: the equator. That would slow the Earth down. Let's do it, Daniel. 853 00:47:14,080 --> 00:47:17,200 Speaker 1: Let's start a movement. Jorg is paying for everybody to 854 00:47:17,200 --> 00:47:22,160 Speaker 1: go to Panama, make the day longer. Let's all moved 855 00:47:22,200 --> 00:47:26,080 Speaker 1: to Panama. There you go. And at the same time, 856 00:47:26,080 --> 00:47:28,560 Speaker 1: there are effects from the Sun, Like the Sun is 857 00:47:28,560 --> 00:47:31,839 Speaker 1: having these tidal effects on mercury and venus. But we're 858 00:47:31,880 --> 00:47:34,200 Speaker 1: also pretty close to the Sun, and so the Sun 859 00:47:34,239 --> 00:47:36,160 Speaker 1: is sort of trying to do to us. What we 860 00:47:36,200 --> 00:47:39,360 Speaker 1: are doing to the moon. Remember that the rotation of 861 00:47:39,400 --> 00:47:42,200 Speaker 1: the Moon is not free. It's not just like doing 862 00:47:42,200 --> 00:47:45,000 Speaker 1: whatever it likes. It's locked to the Earth because of 863 00:47:45,000 --> 00:47:48,040 Speaker 1: these tidal forces. Earth is like squeeze the Moon a 864 00:47:48,040 --> 00:47:50,080 Speaker 1: little bit, and it's tugging on the part of the 865 00:47:50,080 --> 00:47:52,520 Speaker 1: Moon that's closer to it, so it keeps the Moon 866 00:47:52,520 --> 00:47:55,879 Speaker 1: from rotating freely, which is why we always see one 867 00:47:56,000 --> 00:47:58,279 Speaker 1: side of the Moon when we look up. Well, the 868 00:47:58,360 --> 00:48:00,759 Speaker 1: Sun is trying to do the same thing to us. 869 00:48:00,840 --> 00:48:04,040 Speaker 1: It's trying to lock the Earth's rotation, tugging on it 870 00:48:04,239 --> 00:48:07,160 Speaker 1: so that the same surface always faces the Sun. And 871 00:48:07,200 --> 00:48:09,279 Speaker 1: so if that happens far far in the future, that 872 00:48:09,320 --> 00:48:11,640 Speaker 1: would mean something crazy. That would mean not just that 873 00:48:11,719 --> 00:48:14,000 Speaker 1: the Earth stops spinning, but if there's like a dark 874 00:48:14,080 --> 00:48:16,440 Speaker 1: side of the Earth and a light side of the Earth. 875 00:48:16,920 --> 00:48:20,240 Speaker 1: All right, So it doesn't sound um like it's happening 876 00:48:20,239 --> 00:48:23,600 Speaker 1: anytime soon, Daniel. It's not something we have to worry 877 00:48:23,640 --> 00:48:28,719 Speaker 1: about anytime soon, barring a superman and maybe like a 878 00:48:28,760 --> 00:48:31,279 Speaker 1: meteor hitting us, but then we would have other things 879 00:48:31,320 --> 00:48:34,480 Speaker 1: to worry about. That. Yeah, if there's a massive collision 880 00:48:34,520 --> 00:48:37,080 Speaker 1: with enough energy to like hit the Earth and stop 881 00:48:37,080 --> 00:48:39,759 Speaker 1: it's spinning. Then we're anyway going to get devastated and 882 00:48:39,800 --> 00:48:41,960 Speaker 1: our atmosphere is gonna be roasted to the fact that 883 00:48:42,000 --> 00:48:45,640 Speaker 1: our destroyed corpse of a planet is no longer spinning. Afterwards, 884 00:48:45,640 --> 00:48:48,319 Speaker 1: it's not really going to be the LEAs of how long, 885 00:48:48,400 --> 00:48:53,239 Speaker 1: how long our day is? All right, well, it's still 886 00:48:53,280 --> 00:48:56,560 Speaker 1: it's sort of interesting to think about, you know, kind 887 00:48:56,560 --> 00:48:58,720 Speaker 1: of what we take for granted, you know, the Earth spinning. 888 00:48:59,160 --> 00:49:00,680 Speaker 1: You know, we always think that there's going to be 889 00:49:00,719 --> 00:49:05,799 Speaker 1: a tomorrow, but that's not necessarily true, no, exactly. And 890 00:49:05,880 --> 00:49:08,879 Speaker 1: this kind of thing, the earth spinning, it's not necessarily 891 00:49:08,880 --> 00:49:12,160 Speaker 1: something that's gonna last forever, and it's sort of an artifact. 892 00:49:12,160 --> 00:49:14,080 Speaker 1: It just sort of depends on the original chunk of 893 00:49:14,080 --> 00:49:16,560 Speaker 1: stuff that became the Earth, how fast it was spinning. 894 00:49:16,840 --> 00:49:18,520 Speaker 1: We could have lived on a planet with a twelve 895 00:49:18,520 --> 00:49:21,839 Speaker 1: hour day or thirty six hour day, twenty four hours. 896 00:49:21,880 --> 00:49:24,960 Speaker 1: It's not fundamental, it's really quite accidental. Yeah, so it 897 00:49:25,040 --> 00:49:28,200 Speaker 1: sort of really makes you appreciate not just the day, 898 00:49:28,239 --> 00:49:31,279 Speaker 1: but the idea of the day. All right, Well, we 899 00:49:31,360 --> 00:49:33,759 Speaker 1: hope you enjoyed that. Hoping got you to think a 900 00:49:33,840 --> 00:49:36,239 Speaker 1: little bit about your place in the world and what's 901 00:49:36,239 --> 00:49:40,080 Speaker 1: happening right underneath your feet. Thanks for joining us, see 902 00:49:40,080 --> 00:49:50,720 Speaker 1: you next time. Thanks for listening, and remember that Daniel 903 00:49:50,760 --> 00:49:53,279 Speaker 1: and Jorge explained. The Universe is a production of I 904 00:49:53,480 --> 00:49:56,919 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Or more podcast for my heart Radio, visit 905 00:49:56,960 --> 00:50:00,279 Speaker 1: the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or were ever 906 00:50:00,360 --> 00:50:02,040 Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.