WEBVTT - What does artificial intelligence mean? 0:00:00.320 --> 0:00:02.880 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 0:00:03.200 --> 0:00:08.920 It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology with 0:00:09.039 --> 0:00:16.120 tech Stuff from how stuff works dot com. You've heard 0:00:16.160 --> 0:00:19.760 the rumors before, perhaps and whispers written between the lines 0:00:19.800 --> 0:00:24.759 of the textbooks. Conspiracies, paranormal events, all those things that 0:00:24.880 --> 0:00:28.760 disappear from the official explanations. Tune in and learn more 0:00:28.800 --> 0:00:30.560 of the stuff they don't want you to know in 0:00:30.600 --> 0:00:43.440 this video podcast from how stuff works dot com. Hello everybody, 0:00:43.479 --> 0:00:45.800 and welcome to tech stuff. My name is Chris Pouette, 0:00:45.840 --> 0:00:47.840 and I'm the tech editor here at how stuff works 0:00:47.840 --> 0:00:51.040 dot com. Sitting across from me as usual, is Senior 0:00:51.120 --> 0:00:56.200 Ryan Jonathan Strickland's up, y'all very nice, changed up a 0:00:56.240 --> 0:00:58.640 little bit, Okay, I'm fine with that. So before we 0:00:58.680 --> 0:01:01.160 get started, I just wanted to mentioned something. I saw 0:01:01.200 --> 0:01:04.080 this email going out about a new show that's coming 0:01:04.160 --> 0:01:07.640 up on the Science Channel. Yeah, it's called The Road 0:01:07.680 --> 0:01:12.080 to Punkin Chunkin. And then immediately it's followed by punkin Chunkin. 0:01:12.600 --> 0:01:15.119 Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, you saw this email too. Yeah. 0:01:15.160 --> 0:01:19.600 It's a Thanksgiving night here in the United States, so yeah, 0:01:19.640 --> 0:01:22.679 starts at eight. That's the Road to Punkin Chunkin, followed 0:01:22.680 --> 0:01:25.000 by Punkin Chunkin at nine. And if you don't know 0:01:25.040 --> 0:01:28.160 what this is about, it's really about designing machines that 0:01:28.240 --> 0:01:33.400 can throw a pumpkin a really far distance. Yeah yeah, yeah, yeah. 0:01:33.360 --> 0:01:35.640 They used to do that with with tribute sches and 0:01:35.680 --> 0:01:40.360 stuff like that, but now they have these air powered cannons. Yeah, 0:01:40.400 --> 0:01:43.679 it's gonna be pretty crazy. So, uh, you should definitely 0:01:43.720 --> 0:01:45.600 check it out. I'm gonna be watching it myself. I 0:01:45.640 --> 0:01:51.120 think there's nothing I like more than a little pumpkin destruction. Awesome. Well, 0:01:51.440 --> 0:01:55.040 so what are we gonna talk about today? Today's topic 0:01:55.640 --> 0:02:02.560 comes to us courtesy of a little listener mail. Well, 0:02:02.600 --> 0:02:04.720 all right, then this is list Your mail comes from 0:02:04.720 --> 0:02:07.640 our ninth grader listener named Alexandra. I'm sure we have 0:02:07.680 --> 0:02:10.040 other ninth graders, but this one in particular road to us. 0:02:10.080 --> 0:02:13.480 Thank you, Alexandra, and here is the message. Hey you guys, 0:02:13.800 --> 0:02:17.320 I have a suggestion for a topic, Artificial intelligence. My 0:02:17.440 --> 0:02:20.160 favorite show is Night Writer two thousand eight. Kit the 0:02:20.240 --> 0:02:22.720 Talking Car is said to have the most advanced AI 0:02:22.760 --> 0:02:25.280 in the world. Is AI in cars and other devices 0:02:25.320 --> 0:02:28.840 coming soon? Will they have personalities? Thanks for a great podcast. 0:02:28.880 --> 0:02:31.040 P s. I like the eighties Night Writer too. So 0:02:31.080 --> 0:02:33.120 you're talking about night Writer, you're talking about KIT, which 0:02:33.160 --> 0:02:38.320 of course is the Night Industries two thousand artificially intelligent car. 0:02:38.480 --> 0:02:41.079 By the way, do you remember what Kit's arch nemesis 0:02:41.120 --> 0:02:44.799 car was called? Oh, we'll see I now now. I 0:02:44.880 --> 0:02:46.640 didn't remember what it stood for. I knew that it 0:02:46.639 --> 0:02:49.480 was car, Yes, Car K A r R. It stands 0:02:49.560 --> 0:02:54.160 for Night Automated Roving Robot. Do you remember the main 0:02:54.280 --> 0:02:57.400 character's name? Besides Kit and Night Writer met the main 0:02:57.480 --> 0:03:01.320 character Michael, Yes, Michael Night. Who do you remember what 0:03:01.400 --> 0:03:05.519 his name was before became Michael Knight? Oh? No, actually 0:03:05.520 --> 0:03:09.560 I don't. Michael Arthur Long undercover agents shot in the face. 0:03:09.600 --> 0:03:13.399 He had to be rehabilitated. They rebuilt his face, gave 0:03:13.440 --> 0:03:16.000 it David Hasselhoss face for some reason. He's huge in 0:03:16.040 --> 0:03:18.959 Germany and U. He became Michael Knight because it was 0:03:19.040 --> 0:03:22.400 Night Industries. Did I just have one question for you? 0:03:22.760 --> 0:03:24.440 Did you did you look that up? Or did you 0:03:24.480 --> 0:03:26.440 know that off the top of your head? I wrote 0:03:26.480 --> 0:03:31.920 all that down from memory. I like Alexandra, I was 0:03:31.960 --> 0:03:34.920 a bit of a fan of the nineteen eighties night Writers. Well, 0:03:34.960 --> 0:03:36.920 I thought I was, but apparently I was a lower 0:03:36.960 --> 0:03:40.080 case F fan and not an upper case I also 0:03:40.120 --> 0:03:42.720 wanted to throw out throw out the phrase I was saying, 0:03:42.760 --> 0:03:45.120 the the little joke I made to you before we 0:03:45.120 --> 0:03:51.280 started recording this podcast, Michael, let's drive to Congress and 0:03:51.320 --> 0:03:52.920 if any of you know why I said it that 0:03:52.960 --> 0:03:56.160 way and what the whole Congress thing is, reference to 0:03:56.800 --> 0:03:59.240 write me tech stuff at how stuff works dot com. 0:03:59.520 --> 0:04:02.440 First person to get it right gets a kudos. Just 0:04:04.200 --> 0:04:06.480 not a granola bar. Not a granola bar. I mean, 0:04:06.520 --> 0:04:08.320 if I encounter you on the street and I happen 0:04:08.320 --> 0:04:10.040 to have a granola bar, I will be happy to 0:04:10.080 --> 0:04:12.200 hand it over to you. If I don't have a 0:04:12.200 --> 0:04:14.720 granola bar, we're kind of ada luck on that one. 0:04:15.240 --> 0:04:18.719 So this brings us to our topic granola bars. No, 0:04:18.839 --> 0:04:21.640 I'm sorry, artificial intelligence. I got off on a tangent there, 0:04:21.800 --> 0:04:28.440 So artificial intelligence now, she asked, is artificial intelligence coming 0:04:28.440 --> 0:04:31.880 to other devices and cars as well? And will they 0:04:31.880 --> 0:04:36.360 have personalities? Um, here's the interesting thing about artificial intelligence. 0:04:37.400 --> 0:04:42.480 The definition is somewhat vague. For example, Chris, how would 0:04:42.520 --> 0:04:46.120 you define artificial intelligence? I mean, nope, there are no 0:04:46.240 --> 0:04:48.719 right or wrong answers. Just when you hear the term, 0:04:48.800 --> 0:04:51.400 what is it that you think of? Well, you know, 0:04:51.440 --> 0:04:55.160 of course there's the movie Okay, yes, there's the film 0:04:55.240 --> 0:04:58.680 that was started by Stanley Kubrick completed by Steven Spielberg 0:04:58.960 --> 0:05:01.039 that lasted thirty minut it's too long and should have 0:05:01.120 --> 0:05:03.120 ended with a Little Boy in the Ocean spoiler alert. 0:05:04.320 --> 0:05:08.520 But beyond that, you know this, This is the effect 0:05:08.560 --> 0:05:11.400 of Odyssey of the Mind on my brain, because I'm 0:05:11.480 --> 0:05:15.279 trained to think of everything but the actual answer, Um, no, 0:05:15.440 --> 0:05:18.160 I want I When I think of artificial intelligence, um, 0:05:18.320 --> 0:05:20.000 you know, actually, one of the first things that comes 0:05:20.040 --> 0:05:24.360 to mind is games because people talk about the AI 0:05:24.560 --> 0:05:26.480 in a particular game, all the AI and this game 0:05:26.520 --> 0:05:29.960 is really good. Yeah, and uh, you know of course 0:05:30.400 --> 0:05:36.479 robots mostly androids, things like that. Yeah, but yeah, I 0:05:36.480 --> 0:05:39.159 mean those things and and and walking talking. You know. 0:05:39.160 --> 0:05:42.200 It's always the movie version of our official intelligence where 0:05:42.200 --> 0:05:45.520 there's you know, something and of course it's evil. It's 0:05:45.720 --> 0:05:49.960 usually evil example, you know, and it's thinking, and it's 0:05:50.240 --> 0:05:52.520 it's decided that we're irrelevant and it's going to kill 0:05:52.600 --> 0:05:56.360 us all. I mean that, isn't it nice? It's pretty 0:05:56.440 --> 0:05:59.120 much gonna happen. But no, no, no, so here's here's 0:05:59.160 --> 0:06:03.080 here's my ulswer. Yeah, but to know that it's coming 0:06:03.120 --> 0:06:05.200 and it will kill me. Yes, my Hunter Civic will 0:06:05.240 --> 0:06:08.159 eventually do me in. Um No, here's what I think 0:06:08.200 --> 0:06:12.000 of when I think artificial intelligence. I think of a 0:06:12.000 --> 0:06:16.280 an artificial construct. So some sort of man made thing 0:06:16.920 --> 0:06:22.040 that is capable of sensing its environment, reacting to its environment, 0:06:22.200 --> 0:06:26.119 and learning from its experiences. Now, to me, the learning 0:06:26.160 --> 0:06:29.479 part is the most important because if it's if it's 0:06:29.520 --> 0:06:33.800 only taking in it's uh, you know, some sort of 0:06:34.080 --> 0:06:37.479 sensory input and then reacting to it, there's not really 0:06:37.520 --> 0:06:40.479 any thinking going on there. I mean, essentially, you're just 0:06:40.600 --> 0:06:43.560 it's it's stimulus response, right, Yeah, And that's pretty much 0:06:43.600 --> 0:06:47.040 how I carry out my day. I just some of 0:06:47.160 --> 0:06:49.920 us are a little higher functioning than Chris, and we 0:06:50.400 --> 0:06:54.000 we occasionally spare a thought or two for something. Um No, 0:06:54.160 --> 0:06:56.640 Chris is actually a very intelligent person. I I people 0:06:56.720 --> 0:06:58.760 get on to me about picking on you. You know that, right, 0:06:59.400 --> 0:07:03.960 I don't. Chris and I are actually good buddies here. Yeah, yeah, 0:07:04.000 --> 0:07:07.600 so at any rate, at any rate, So yeah, I think, uh, 0:07:07.640 --> 0:07:11.200 I think learning is an important element in artificial intelligence, 0:07:11.200 --> 0:07:13.360 so that not only are you able to react to 0:07:13.400 --> 0:07:15.920 something that's in your environment, but you learn from that 0:07:15.960 --> 0:07:19.440 experience and you are able to handle similar experiences in 0:07:19.480 --> 0:07:22.200 a better way in the future. So, for example, you 0:07:22.320 --> 0:07:25.760 encounter if if you have an artificially intelligent construct that 0:07:25.960 --> 0:07:31.880 is UH susceptible to melting and it encounters a heat 0:07:31.920 --> 0:07:35.360 source that is higher than it's melting point, and it 0:07:35.440 --> 0:07:38.240 detects this and then backs away and then has to 0:07:38.280 --> 0:07:42.400 try and UH factor in a route around this heat 0:07:42.480 --> 0:07:44.600 source so that it can continue doing whatever it was 0:07:44.640 --> 0:07:48.120 it was doing beforehand. UM. After encountering that, it might 0:07:48.160 --> 0:07:50.760 be able to build on that experience and be able 0:07:50.800 --> 0:07:54.080 to solve a similar problem in half the time, and 0:07:54.440 --> 0:07:58.320 ideally you have this increminal improvement. UM. It's also called 0:07:58.360 --> 0:08:01.880 self recursive improvement, where you have an experience, you learn 0:08:01.960 --> 0:08:04.880 from it, and you are able to do it more 0:08:04.920 --> 0:08:08.840 efficiently or effectively, however you want to quantify it in 0:08:08.880 --> 0:08:13.840 the future. So right now, using that definition, we don't 0:08:13.880 --> 0:08:19.040 really have a truly good example of artificial intelligence. There's 0:08:19.080 --> 0:08:23.240 some that are really close, UM, but there's nothing out 0:08:23.240 --> 0:08:27.000 there that's that's like a computer that can understand how 0:08:27.040 --> 0:08:31.760 computers work and therefore design its own successor to be 0:08:32.040 --> 0:08:36.960 a more powerful version of itself. So um, yeah, no, uh, 0:08:37.080 --> 0:08:41.640 what was the computer in Hitchhiker's Guide Deep Thought? So 0:08:41.720 --> 0:08:44.440 deep Thought? Yeah, deep Thought? And uh in Hitticker's Guide 0:08:44.440 --> 0:08:47.160 to the Galaxy, there's this computer called deep Thought that 0:08:47.360 --> 0:08:50.640 is so intelligent that it is able to come up 0:08:50.679 --> 0:08:53.880 with the answer to life, the universe, and everything. It 0:08:54.040 --> 0:08:57.439 is not able to come up with the question it's 0:08:57.480 --> 0:08:59.760 the answer to a question, but it's not. But it 0:08:59.800 --> 0:09:02.160 can actually get the question. To get the question, it 0:09:02.160 --> 0:09:04.440 has to build a computer even smarter than itself, but 0:09:04.480 --> 0:09:06.920 it's able to do that. So it can't solve the problem, 0:09:07.160 --> 0:09:09.280 but it can build a tool that can solve the 0:09:09.320 --> 0:09:12.000 problem that ends up being the planet Earth in that 0:09:12.080 --> 0:09:16.080 in that series of books. Now, that's actually an idea 0:09:16.160 --> 0:09:19.120 that's being explored in computer science. It's an idea of 0:09:19.520 --> 0:09:22.760 can we build a machine that can understand how machines 0:09:22.800 --> 0:09:25.640 work and therefore build a better version of the machine 0:09:25.679 --> 0:09:28.880 because it can make these calculations far faster and more 0:09:28.920 --> 0:09:32.720 effectively than any human can. And once you reach that point, 0:09:33.320 --> 0:09:35.719 that's when we hit what we've We've talked about this 0:09:35.760 --> 0:09:37.800 in the past. We've talked about in another podcast. But 0:09:37.840 --> 0:09:41.120 the singularity, which is where you've reached the point where 0:09:41.240 --> 0:09:44.040 machines or or even humans. It doesn't have to be 0:09:44.080 --> 0:09:46.480 a machine. It could be like somehow we have biologically 0:09:46.520 --> 0:09:49.480 altered ourselves so that we can do this to ourselves. 0:09:49.520 --> 0:09:53.720 But we the improvements come so quickly that uh, that 0:09:53.800 --> 0:09:56.840 there's no way to distinguish one moment from the next 0:09:56.880 --> 0:09:59.720 as far as technological advancement goes, because it's just going 0:10:00.040 --> 0:10:04.080 easing fast and we've reached a brand new reality, at 0:10:04.120 --> 0:10:06.840 least as far as our perspective is concerned. Uh, to 0:10:06.960 --> 0:10:10.440 the outside observer, it wouldn't be quite the same. And 0:10:10.679 --> 0:10:12.800 I did mention that we have some stuff that's coming close. 0:10:12.840 --> 0:10:16.280 The one I wanted to talk about just mention, uh 0:10:16.520 --> 0:10:21.840 was the Cornell Research um UH project where they had 0:10:21.880 --> 0:10:24.240 the computer that analyzed the pendulum. Do you remember reading 0:10:24.240 --> 0:10:26.840 the story There was a new story. It was back 0:10:26.920 --> 0:10:31.160 earlier this year. There was a group of Cornell computer scientists. 0:10:31.200 --> 0:10:33.760 They had designed a computer and all the computer was 0:10:33.800 --> 0:10:37.679 doing was observing the movements of a pendulum and then 0:10:37.840 --> 0:10:42.920 from those movements working out the laws of physics, so 0:10:43.000 --> 0:10:45.320 it would observe the way the pendulum moved, the speed 0:10:45.360 --> 0:10:47.480 at which it moved, how much it slowed down, and 0:10:47.480 --> 0:10:50.120 it started to work out the laws of thermodynamics. It's 0:10:50.200 --> 0:10:53.280 you know, physical laws, classical physics. And it turned out 0:10:53.320 --> 0:10:55.240 to be really good at it. It didn't get it 0:10:55.360 --> 0:10:59.679 exactly right at the very beginning, but it kept observing 0:11:00.120 --> 0:11:04.360 just like humans would. It kept observing the the phenomena 0:11:04.920 --> 0:11:09.000 and then making guesses and and then testing those guesses, 0:11:09.400 --> 0:11:12.280 throwing out anything that didn't fit over time, and keeping 0:11:12.320 --> 0:11:14.599 everything that did fit, and eventually it was able to 0:11:14.640 --> 0:11:18.160 work out the basic laws of physics. Now that I 0:11:18.520 --> 0:11:20.840 had not read that. That's a pretty cool example of 0:11:20.880 --> 0:11:23.680 artificial intelligence, and the idea that this was able to 0:11:23.720 --> 0:11:27.520 observe something in its environment and draw conclusions from it. 0:11:27.960 --> 0:11:30.559 Um Now, it had been programmed to be able to observe, 0:11:30.720 --> 0:11:34.280 so I mean, it wasn't like it had developed capabilities 0:11:34.320 --> 0:11:38.160 beyond its programming. I think that's another sign of artificial intelligence. 0:11:38.160 --> 0:11:40.720 When you've created something that can go beyond what you 0:11:40.800 --> 0:11:44.760 had originally programmed it for. That's another sign of intelligence. 0:11:45.840 --> 0:11:48.400 You know a lot of people think that used to 0:11:48.559 --> 0:11:52.280 the if you will, the classical definition of artificial intelligence. 0:11:52.640 --> 0:11:55.680 You know, the touring tests. Yes, the Touring tests Alan Touring, 0:11:55.800 --> 0:11:57.439 and I was a little surprised you didn't start with him, 0:11:57.440 --> 0:12:00.360 to be honest, Yeah, I I thought about it, um, 0:12:00.360 --> 0:12:03.560 because this is a when you get to artificial intelligence, 0:12:03.600 --> 0:12:06.640 it really is a philosophical matter. It's not just technological, 0:12:06.640 --> 0:12:09.800 it's not just computer science. It is philosophy. Well, you know, uh, 0:12:10.120 --> 0:12:13.200 when I was doing research for the podcast, I found 0:12:13.240 --> 0:12:19.600 a great resource at Stanford. And it's funny because when 0:12:19.600 --> 0:12:22.720 I think of Alan Touring, I think of computer science, 0:12:23.280 --> 0:12:27.120 but it's actually the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy where I 0:12:27.280 --> 0:12:31.760 encountered his thoughts on artificial intelligence and the imitation game, 0:12:32.720 --> 0:12:35.679 which is the when I think of you know, when 0:12:35.720 --> 0:12:37.360 when I actually read it, that's what I think of 0:12:37.400 --> 0:12:40.800 as the Touring test where they put a machine and 0:12:41.040 --> 0:12:44.520 a human being, um and sort of a blind test 0:12:44.600 --> 0:12:48.440 with someone asking questions, and theoretically the person should be 0:12:48.440 --> 0:12:51.440 able to ask the machine and the person questions and 0:12:51.440 --> 0:12:54.040 they should be able to give answers, and the person 0:12:54.320 --> 0:12:58.400 asking the question would be unable to determine which one 0:12:58.559 --> 0:13:00.840 was real and which one was meant, I mean, which 0:13:00.840 --> 0:13:03.800 one was the machine. It's hard to say when you're 0:13:03.880 --> 0:13:06.440 using the word real is kind of tricky, but yeah, 0:13:06.480 --> 0:13:12.679 I understand which was human and which was a human? Like? Yes, yes, 0:13:12.679 --> 0:13:15.679 which one was human and which one was was a machine? Right? 0:13:15.760 --> 0:13:19.800 So ideally you would have these these the computer and 0:13:19.880 --> 0:13:23.080 the uh the other test subject, the human test subject 0:13:23.440 --> 0:13:26.640 um separated. They would be completely isolated from the person 0:13:26.720 --> 0:13:29.240 asking questions, and at the end of the list of questions, 0:13:29.240 --> 0:13:31.760 you would ask the question er, all right, which one 0:13:31.800 --> 0:13:34.040 was human, which one was computer? And if the questionnaire 0:13:34.120 --> 0:13:41.240 was unable to identify the two roles better than chance. 0:13:41.440 --> 0:13:43.199 So you know, you have to do this test many 0:13:43.240 --> 0:13:46.079 times over right, right. If they were unable to identify 0:13:46.200 --> 0:13:50.200 computer versus human uh to a point where it takes 0:13:50.280 --> 0:13:53.679 chance out of the fact the whole factor, then um, 0:13:54.000 --> 0:13:56.400 you can say that the computer passes the Turing test, 0:13:57.120 --> 0:14:00.120 that the computer is, by all intents and purpose this 0:14:00.240 --> 0:14:06.000 indistinguishable from a human being when it comes to communication. Now, um, 0:14:06.040 --> 0:14:09.000 there have been some touring tests that that sort of 0:14:09.040 --> 0:14:12.560 achieved this in a way, one of them being one 0:14:12.600 --> 0:14:19.240 that focused on um, a computer that simulated the thought 0:14:19.320 --> 0:14:24.760 processes of someone suffering from schizophrenia, and they had a 0:14:24.800 --> 0:14:30.160 group of psychiatrists ask questions over, you know, through text 0:14:30.800 --> 0:14:34.480 um to both a real person and this computer that 0:14:34.520 --> 0:14:38.360 was simulating someone with schizophrenia and something like of them 0:14:38.360 --> 0:14:40.720 weren't able to tell the difference. They weren't able to 0:14:40.960 --> 0:14:43.880 reliably identify which one was computer which one was human. 0:14:43.960 --> 0:14:46.720 So that's a that's right around the chance level, right, 0:14:47.480 --> 0:14:50.240 so that you could say that that computer passes the 0:14:50.240 --> 0:14:52.200 touring test. However, that is of course a very narrow 0:14:52.240 --> 0:14:55.640 set of parameters, and some people have criticized the test 0:14:55.720 --> 0:14:58.440 saying that, okay, but when you're getting to someone who 0:14:59.080 --> 0:15:02.360 is operating on are a set of faculties that are 0:15:02.360 --> 0:15:06.920 not considered the normal set, because schizophrenia is outside the norm, 0:15:07.000 --> 0:15:10.640 then it wouldn't really The computer doesn't need to understand 0:15:10.680 --> 0:15:13.520 what it's saying, right, The computer doesn't have to be 0:15:13.560 --> 0:15:17.320 able to comprehend that the words it's putting together are 0:15:17.440 --> 0:15:21.520 following a certain you know, pattern, are making sense. Um, 0:15:21.720 --> 0:15:24.680 you could just as easily have a jumble of words. 0:15:24.920 --> 0:15:30.720 The computer could randomly pair them up and create nonsensical sentences, 0:15:30.760 --> 0:15:33.680 and it would be almost as effective because you're not 0:15:33.720 --> 0:15:37.800 working with the full set of human faculties. Um. If 0:15:37.800 --> 0:15:43.080 you were, then the presumably the percentage rate of identifying 0:15:43.120 --> 0:15:45.160 the computer versus the human would be much different. You 0:15:45.160 --> 0:15:49.760 would be able to probably accurately describe them, and much 0:15:49.800 --> 0:15:54.800 more often because computers are not terribly good at carrying 0:15:54.840 --> 0:15:57.200 on a truly human conversation, or at least not the 0:15:57.240 --> 0:16:00.600 kind of conversations I have with other humans. Did you 0:16:00.640 --> 0:16:05.480 did you ever here? Did you know of dr Spates? So, uh, 0:16:05.960 --> 0:16:09.600 it's a sound blaster thing. The the old sound blaster 0:16:09.680 --> 0:16:12.120 cards came with a software called dr Spates, So asked 0:16:12.280 --> 0:16:16.000 Dr SPATESO. And it was this computer voice. You could 0:16:16.040 --> 0:16:18.240 type questions to it. It would respond to you. It 0:16:18.240 --> 0:16:22.360 would actually talk to you, and there were times where 0:16:22.440 --> 0:16:25.240 it kind of felt a little uncanny that wow, that 0:16:25.320 --> 0:16:26.880 was actually a really good response. But then it was 0:16:26.920 --> 0:16:29.280 just a database full of responses and it would pick 0:16:29.360 --> 0:16:33.600 whichever one was most likely going to apply to whatever 0:16:33.680 --> 0:16:36.800 question you had typed in, So it wasn't really artificial intelligence. 0:16:36.800 --> 0:16:39.400 But I remember that was probably my first encounter in 0:16:39.520 --> 0:16:43.840 a personal level, apart from the movies. Well, one of 0:16:43.840 --> 0:16:46.240 the things that surprised me as I was doing research 0:16:46.280 --> 0:16:48.880 because I was familiar with Alan touring in the touring 0:16:48.880 --> 0:16:53.040 test um, but I was a little surprised that Renee 0:16:53.040 --> 0:16:57.600 des Cartes had actually made some suggestions. I have lyrics 0:16:57.640 --> 0:17:02.400 going through my head. But no. In sixty eight, of course, again, 0:17:02.440 --> 0:17:06.720 according to the Stanford Encyclopedia Philosophy, UM the cards said 0:17:06.760 --> 0:17:09.399 that if there were a machine that could walk and 0:17:09.440 --> 0:17:14.000 talk like you know, a person could. Um, I'm assuming 0:17:14.040 --> 0:17:16.359 he didn't have some kind of time machine. Was guessing 0:17:16.400 --> 0:17:20.000 that there will be androids in the future. But Um 0:17:20.200 --> 0:17:23.440 basically said that these machines would need to be able 0:17:23.440 --> 0:17:26.520 to put together a conversation like a person in order 0:17:26.560 --> 0:17:31.639 to really be defined as intelligent. Um. But he said 0:17:31.680 --> 0:17:33.720 that he didn't really believe that it was possible for 0:17:33.840 --> 0:17:36.399 a machine to exhibit that kind of intelligence because they 0:17:36.400 --> 0:17:38.840 would also need and I'm not quite sure what he 0:17:38.880 --> 0:17:42.560 means here, all the organs necessary to live. I mean 0:17:42.640 --> 0:17:49.120 to react to everything that they would encounter. I'm assuming 0:17:49.160 --> 0:17:51.639 that there he's saying. You know, you wouldn't have skin, 0:17:51.840 --> 0:17:54.080 so you wouldn't be able to go, oh, we have 0:17:54.200 --> 0:17:57.280 that panics hot whorse, that would be a lot more. Again, 0:17:57.280 --> 0:17:59.320 this would suggest again that he does not have a 0:17:59.359 --> 0:18:02.000 time machine, because yeah, actually, now there are sensors that 0:18:02.160 --> 0:18:07.399 you could embed in Yeah, there's actually there's there's so 0:18:07.480 --> 0:18:10.080 much advancement in as far as being able to sense 0:18:10.119 --> 0:18:13.840 the environment. Is concerned that we have some rudimentary artificial 0:18:13.840 --> 0:18:17.720 intelligence examples out there, things that are able to uh 0:18:17.760 --> 0:18:22.159 to examine and react to their environments. Um, things like 0:18:22.200 --> 0:18:25.600 you know as Amo. As Amo, the robot from Honda 0:18:25.680 --> 0:18:28.879 can walk around the room and recognize an obstacle in 0:18:28.920 --> 0:18:31.680 its path and then reroute its path so that it 0:18:31.720 --> 0:18:35.040 can get to its end point um by you know, 0:18:35.080 --> 0:18:38.960 walking around or whatever. Uh it, But it still has limitations. 0:18:39.000 --> 0:18:42.640 It can't it can't deal with anything completely new. It's 0:18:42.640 --> 0:18:44.919 not capable of doing that. And even something like the 0:18:45.359 --> 0:18:47.280 it's able to go up and downstairs, which was a 0:18:47.320 --> 0:18:49.760 big deal, like it was able to balance while going 0:18:49.800 --> 0:18:55.080 up and downstairs, right, Daleks can't. That's all that takes 0:18:55.119 --> 0:19:00.240 to ruin the machinations of the Daleks. A staircases. Um, 0:19:00.560 --> 0:19:05.439 although I've been told that can fly, yeah, but I mean, 0:19:05.560 --> 0:19:07.800 come on a stairwell. It's not gonna fly up a 0:19:07.880 --> 0:19:14.200 stairwell anyway. So the stairs have to be pre programmed 0:19:14.720 --> 0:19:17.280 right into the Asimo. It can't. It can't encounter a 0:19:17.359 --> 0:19:19.960 new staircase and be able to walk up or down 0:19:20.000 --> 0:19:23.080 that staircase all on its own yet, but it could 0:19:23.240 --> 0:19:25.840 encounter a new room and be able to walk from 0:19:25.880 --> 0:19:28.480 one point to the other and recognize that there's something 0:19:28.480 --> 0:19:30.840 in the way and move around it. So there are 0:19:30.920 --> 0:19:34.800 limitations even now. But um, you know, we we're seeing 0:19:34.840 --> 0:19:38.040 advancements all the time. And uh, I do think it's 0:19:38.080 --> 0:19:39.960 just a question of when we get to the point 0:19:40.040 --> 0:19:45.240 of something that is capable of learning from its environment, 0:19:45.280 --> 0:19:49.240 like the Cornell example kind of proves that. Um, whether 0:19:49.359 --> 0:19:53.080 or not it develops a personality is a totally different question. 0:19:53.200 --> 0:19:58.719 And I actually think that the Decart example was fascinating. 0:19:59.480 --> 0:20:02.960 I want or if perhaps part of the problem with 0:20:03.080 --> 0:20:06.040 defining artificial intelligence is that we have a very you know, 0:20:06.080 --> 0:20:08.800 we have a very narrow perspective of what intelligence is. 0:20:09.560 --> 0:20:12.560 You know, we can't we're humans. We can't really conceive 0:20:12.640 --> 0:20:15.840 of an intelligence outside of our own human intelligence in 0:20:15.880 --> 0:20:18.119 the sense that there might be some way of having 0:20:18.119 --> 0:20:20.680 intelligence that is so foreign to us that we would 0:20:20.680 --> 0:20:23.639 not even recognize it as such. Yeah, we're we're basing 0:20:23.640 --> 0:20:26.879 it on our own understanding of what intelligence is. You 0:20:26.920 --> 0:20:29.560 have to there, there's no way we can't because we 0:20:29.600 --> 0:20:32.600 are human beings. But that's that's a good point to make, 0:20:32.680 --> 0:20:34.640 is that there could be let's say that ten years 0:20:34.640 --> 0:20:37.600 down the road, we have an artificially intelligent device, but 0:20:37.680 --> 0:20:40.920 we can't really recognize it as such because it's not 0:20:41.040 --> 0:20:45.159 intelligent the same way human beings are. And I do 0:20:45.240 --> 0:20:49.680 think there are artificial intelligences. Yeah, I've met a lot 0:20:49.720 --> 0:20:54.239 of them, mostly on election day. Oh man. Now, I 0:20:54.240 --> 0:20:56.320 mean but I think, you know, going back to your 0:20:56.680 --> 0:21:00.560 to your Asimo example, Yeah, um, I I think they 0:21:00.560 --> 0:21:03.560 are intelligent. The thing, the things that we manufacture that 0:21:03.680 --> 0:21:09.679 have an artificial intelligence to them are artificially intelligent within 0:21:10.000 --> 0:21:12.720 the boundaries that we set for them, like there are 0:21:12.760 --> 0:21:15.040 you know, I've played games that have the ones that 0:21:15.080 --> 0:21:19.080 are described as having good artificial intelligences, and the ones 0:21:19.119 --> 0:21:21.320 that are that are really good are the ones that 0:21:21.359 --> 0:21:24.359 seem to adapt to the way that you play. They say, Okay, 0:21:24.359 --> 0:21:26.320 I know he's gonna come at me from this angle. 0:21:26.400 --> 0:21:29.840 Now I'm going to do this to defend myself and 0:21:29.920 --> 0:21:33.679 go in this direction. Um. But of course, if you 0:21:33.760 --> 0:21:36.639 wanted it to make you a grill cheese sandwich, you know, 0:21:36.840 --> 0:21:39.600 really that's not gonna help much. Yeah. The intelligence intelligence 0:21:39.640 --> 0:21:41.840 is limited to the set of instructions that were given 0:21:41.880 --> 0:21:44.479 to the intelligence at the very beginning, right, So Asimo 0:21:44.560 --> 0:21:48.000 couldn't direct an orchestra, but it could climb a pair 0:21:48.359 --> 0:21:50.720 a set of stairs, and then they programmed it to 0:21:51.400 --> 0:21:54.480 conduct in order. Was just about to say conduct it did, 0:21:54.560 --> 0:21:58.760 but it was actually it was actually um mimicking someone 0:21:58.800 --> 0:22:02.679 else's movement, accorded someone else's movements, programmed that into Asimo. 0:22:02.760 --> 0:22:05.679 So asthma was not that was that That was like 0:22:06.160 --> 0:22:08.600 putting a tape into a VCR or a CD into 0:22:08.600 --> 0:22:11.240 a CD player and pushing play. There was no way 0:22:11.320 --> 0:22:14.600 for Asimo to depart from that series of movements. It 0:22:14.640 --> 0:22:18.640 could not It couldn't interpret the music. It couldn't stop 0:22:18.720 --> 0:22:21.760 and try and hold a note a little for a 0:22:21.760 --> 0:22:25.840 little more time to get the biggest emotional impact of 0:22:25.920 --> 0:22:30.440 the piece. It could only conduct at the the tempo 0:22:30.600 --> 0:22:34.000 and the all the motions that were involved. Um that 0:22:34.040 --> 0:22:37.760 we're programmed into it beforehand. So that's a very good example. 0:22:38.080 --> 0:22:41.240 One thing that that Honda's robot will do. I mean, 0:22:41.240 --> 0:22:43.560 since it is from Honda, it can reach in a chord. 0:22:45.000 --> 0:22:51.840 Oh my gosh, uh Michael, um so that I see. 0:22:51.920 --> 0:22:54.080 That was that was not Honda. I was gonna talk 0:22:54.080 --> 0:22:56.879 a little bit about capture as well, and it's the 0:22:56.920 --> 0:22:59.800 way it plays into artificial intelligence. Now, for those of 0:22:59.840 --> 0:23:02.800 you who aren't familiar, capture, of course, is the uh 0:23:02.840 --> 0:23:06.040 it's it's used a lot in verification and when you're 0:23:06.200 --> 0:23:08.119 you know, signing up for a new account with something, 0:23:08.800 --> 0:23:12.239 um it's quiggly alphabetical characters that look like they've been 0:23:12.280 --> 0:23:16.280 type written around a piece of string or something. It's 0:23:16.280 --> 0:23:19.080