WEBVTT - Eponymous Drinks 0:00:01.320 --> 0:00:04.240 Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production 0:00:04.400 --> 0:00:13.920 of iHeartRadio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Holly 0:00:13.960 --> 0:00:17.759 Frye and I'm Tracy V. Wilson. I don't think it's 0:00:17.800 --> 0:00:21.040 any surprise that the eponymous food series has become one 0:00:21.040 --> 0:00:24.160 of my favorite things to do. We get a lot 0:00:24.280 --> 0:00:28.120 of emails from listeners who also have found it to 0:00:28.120 --> 0:00:30.360 be a favorite. It's super fun. Who doesn't want to 0:00:30.360 --> 0:00:34.080 talk about food, delicious or otherwise. But last time we 0:00:34.120 --> 0:00:36.199 did an all chocolate addition. This time I thought it 0:00:36.280 --> 0:00:41.000 might be fun if we only talk about beverages, which, 0:00:41.960 --> 0:00:45.520 just to set it up, we're doing kind of an assortment. 0:00:45.640 --> 0:00:49.760 So one is a mocktail, technically one is a cocktail, 0:00:49.880 --> 0:00:54.520 and one is a brand person's name attached to it. 0:00:55.200 --> 0:00:57.960 So we're getting a little bit of a spread of options. 0:00:58.640 --> 0:01:03.960 And there are some surprises in here for me personally. Yeah, 0:01:04.600 --> 0:01:07.320 And it just made me very, very nostalgic about various 0:01:07.720 --> 0:01:11.480 things I have consumed and enjoyed over the years, So 0:01:11.640 --> 0:01:13.520 hopefully it will do the same for you. And then 0:01:13.920 --> 0:01:15.760 I feel like this is we're setting up for a 0:01:15.880 --> 0:01:20.240 very lively Friday conversation. Yeah, I think so. We'll start 0:01:20.240 --> 0:01:23.880 with an absolute classic and one of the earliest mocktails, 0:01:23.920 --> 0:01:27.440 and that's the Shirley Temple. So probably not a surprise 0:01:27.480 --> 0:01:31.240 who it's named for. Child star Shirley Temple. And if 0:01:31.280 --> 0:01:33.600 you don't know who that is, Shirley Temple was a 0:01:33.680 --> 0:01:36.960 leading child star in the nineteen thirties and in the 0:01:37.120 --> 0:01:40.840 US as the country was completely engulfed in the Great 0:01:40.920 --> 0:01:44.320 Depression that followed the nineteen twenty nine stock market crash, 0:01:44.560 --> 0:01:48.000 she really became kind of an antidote for the failing 0:01:48.200 --> 0:01:53.000 morale of the country. Even President Franklin D. Roosevelt said, quote, 0:01:53.040 --> 0:01:56.160 as long as our country has Shirley Temple, we'll be 0:01:56.280 --> 0:02:01.480 all right. Because she was adoor. She was a very 0:02:01.520 --> 0:02:05.600 good performer from the time she was just tiny. She 0:02:05.800 --> 0:02:10.040 charmed people on screen so much charm. Shirley was born 0:02:10.040 --> 0:02:12.679 on April twenty third, nineteen twenty eight to George and 0:02:12.800 --> 0:02:16.080 Gertrude Temple. She was their third child and their only daughter. 0:02:16.720 --> 0:02:18.520 At the age of three, she was enrolled in a 0:02:18.600 --> 0:02:20.800 dance school. Sometimes you'll see that reported as like two 0:02:20.880 --> 0:02:23.079 and a half, and that is where she was spotted 0:02:23.080 --> 0:02:26.840 by a casting director for educational pictures and her film 0:02:26.840 --> 0:02:29.000 career began. We're not going to get into all of 0:02:29.040 --> 0:02:31.040 that film career here. That is its own whole thing, 0:02:31.200 --> 0:02:33.440 but I will say if you go back and watch 0:02:33.480 --> 0:02:37.160 some of Temple's earliest films, there's some pretty cringey stuff 0:02:37.200 --> 0:02:39.800 in there. There was often a trend in films and 0:02:39.840 --> 0:02:44.639 particularly educational pictures, to show children playing adults as sort 0:02:44.680 --> 0:02:48.120 of a spoof, which can be funny in theory, but 0:02:48.280 --> 0:02:52.000 often these were kind of weird situations to put children in. 0:02:52.120 --> 0:02:55.360 For example, in her first movie, War Babies, she played 0:02:55.400 --> 0:03:01.760 a dancer who entertained soldiers. There's some some sexual overtones 0:03:01.800 --> 0:03:04.639 to it. That's pretty weird. There's a romance storyline. This 0:03:04.800 --> 0:03:07.680 is reported as when she received her first kiss, So 0:03:07.720 --> 0:03:11.640 it's like there's it's icky. Some people don't find it icky. 0:03:11.800 --> 0:03:15.519 A lot of people do. There are others like this film. 0:03:15.560 --> 0:03:19.720 They were all under an umbrella of baby burlesques, and 0:03:19.880 --> 0:03:23.519 per Temple's own autobiography, the kids were treated very poorly 0:03:23.639 --> 0:03:26.160 and exploited in addition to whatever issues you may or 0:03:26.160 --> 0:03:29.320 may not have with the subject matter, But to the 0:03:29.360 --> 0:03:32.120 film going audience, this was all kind of cute and 0:03:32.160 --> 0:03:35.600 wholesome at the time, and Temple's image and success were 0:03:35.640 --> 0:03:39.400 based entirely around that idea of innocent sweetness that was 0:03:39.520 --> 0:03:43.520 used to market them. There are three different places that 0:03:43.640 --> 0:03:47.240 have been the alleged originators of the drink that was 0:03:47.320 --> 0:03:51.480 named for this child actor. The most frequently cited is 0:03:51.640 --> 0:03:54.720 Chasin's in Hollywood. That's an eatery that opened in nineteen 0:03:54.760 --> 0:03:59.200 thirty six. The Royal Hawaiian Hotel on Awaho has also 0:03:59.320 --> 0:04:01.960 touted the drink as its own invention over the years, 0:04:02.320 --> 0:04:05.360 and yet another version of the story states that it 0:04:05.400 --> 0:04:08.560 was created at the Hollywood Brown Derby, which has been 0:04:08.560 --> 0:04:13.440 the focus on the show other Food. Despite the variety 0:04:13.440 --> 0:04:16.360 of locations that this may have happened in, the basic 0:04:16.480 --> 0:04:20.279 origin story for the drink is almost always the same. Sureley, 0:04:20.440 --> 0:04:22.839 who at this point was a successful actor, was out 0:04:22.839 --> 0:04:26.160 with her parents. Both of them were drinking old fashions. 0:04:26.839 --> 0:04:30.560 Surely wanted one because of the cherry garnish. Here we'll 0:04:30.560 --> 0:04:35.120 have a sidebar on the pronunciation of Maraschino, which is 0:04:35.120 --> 0:04:38.599 how we say it in the US, versus Maraschino, which 0:04:38.640 --> 0:04:42.320 is how it really is said in Italy. Here is 0:04:42.360 --> 0:04:45.039 a distinguisher. I have heard people use, I don't know 0:04:45.080 --> 0:04:48.320 if this is universal. They tend to use Maraschino for 0:04:48.400 --> 0:04:52.440 the hyper sweet, kind of bright translucent ones that go 0:04:52.560 --> 0:04:56.080 into things like Shirley Temple's Here Now, and Maraschino for 0:04:56.200 --> 0:04:59.360 the darker, deeper flavored ones that go into actual cocktails. 0:05:00.200 --> 0:05:01.839 I don't know if that's a convention a lot of 0:05:01.839 --> 0:05:04.159 people use. I have heard it in a few different places, though, 0:05:04.200 --> 0:05:08.040 But anyway, Sureley wanted a drink because of this cute garnish, 0:05:08.120 --> 0:05:09.960 but of course she could not have an old fashioned, 0:05:10.480 --> 0:05:13.240 so someone on the staff made up an alcohol free 0:05:13.320 --> 0:05:15.440 drink that she could have and garnished it with a 0:05:15.480 --> 0:05:20.600 Maraschino cherry. Voila, the Shirley Temple is born. And after that, 0:05:20.960 --> 0:05:24.560 restaurants in Hollywood started offering this as a beverage for 0:05:24.640 --> 0:05:27.839 younger diners to enjoy, and it's spread very quickly from there, 0:05:28.320 --> 0:05:31.719 and adults who didn't drink alcohol also started to order 0:05:31.760 --> 0:05:36.640 it because it's delicious. The actual ingredients are kind of variable, though, 0:05:36.720 --> 0:05:39.400 depending on what recipe you look at or where you 0:05:39.560 --> 0:05:43.520 order it. There's usually grenadine and then either a lemon 0:05:43.600 --> 0:05:48.000 lime soda or ginger ale on top. Some versions combine 0:05:48.080 --> 0:05:52.480 those sodas, also orange juice, maybe a little lime juice, 0:05:52.520 --> 0:05:57.080 but there's always that Maraschino cherry to garnish it. But Shirley, 0:05:57.120 --> 0:05:59.680 who became Shirley Temple Black when she married her second 0:05:59.760 --> 0:06:03.279 husban in nineteen fifty, appears to have not been a 0:06:03.360 --> 0:06:06.080 huge fan of the drink, especially as time war on. 0:06:07.279 --> 0:06:10.520 In nineteen eighty eight, a company called Soda Pop Kids 0:06:10.600 --> 0:06:13.880 in Encino, California, brought a bottled version of the Shirley 0:06:13.880 --> 0:06:17.599 Temple to market under the brand name Shirley t with 0:06:17.680 --> 0:06:21.839 the tagline the Shirley Temple Soft Drink. But Temple Black 0:06:22.000 --> 0:06:26.120 fought it aggressively through legal channels, saying that it diluted 0:06:26.160 --> 0:06:30.159 her name's commercial value and invaded her privacy. In a 0:06:30.240 --> 0:06:32.920 quote given to press in autumn of nineteen eighty eight, 0:06:33.000 --> 0:06:35.600 she said, quote, I will fight it like a tigris. 0:06:36.080 --> 0:06:39.599 All a celebrity has is their name. She noted in 0:06:39.640 --> 0:06:42.960 another interview, quote, I have always been very cautious all 0:06:43.040 --> 0:06:45.799 of my life to make sure any items are licensed. 0:06:46.120 --> 0:06:48.680 My lawyer will go after anyone who is using my 0:06:48.800 --> 0:06:52.440 name on a product without my permission. And she also 0:06:52.440 --> 0:06:55.680 stated that she thought most Shirley Temple drinks were just 0:06:55.720 --> 0:06:58.560 too sweet and she didn't even really like it, and 0:06:58.920 --> 0:07:01.760 she felt like, even though so this drink contained no alcohol, 0:07:01.920 --> 0:07:04.880 it still kind of felt like marketing a cocktail to children, 0:07:05.279 --> 0:07:08.200 and she never liked that about it either. The legal 0:07:08.279 --> 0:07:11.840 battle over bottled Shirley Temple soda hinged on whether the 0:07:11.960 --> 0:07:16.000 name had become a generic term or not. Bradley Wideman, 0:07:16.280 --> 0:07:19.760 the owner of Soda Pop Kids, and his counsel, argued 0:07:19.800 --> 0:07:22.480 that people had been able to walk into restaurants and 0:07:22.640 --> 0:07:25.720 order a Shirley Temple for fifty years at that point, 0:07:25.800 --> 0:07:30.040 so obviously it was a generic term. But Temple Black's attorney, 0:07:30.120 --> 0:07:32.640 Joseph M. Malcolm, made the case that it did not 0:07:32.800 --> 0:07:36.400 matter how long people had been ordering Shirley Temples and restaurants. 0:07:37.000 --> 0:07:39.520 In nineteen seventy one, a law had been passed in 0:07:39.560 --> 0:07:42.840 California making it illegal to use a person's likeness or 0:07:42.920 --> 0:07:47.320 name for commercial purposes without their consent. Malcolm said in 0:07:47.360 --> 0:07:50.320 an interview with the Los Angeles Times, quote, it's one 0:07:50.360 --> 0:07:52.520 thing to go into a bar and order a Shirley 0:07:52.560 --> 0:07:54.920 Temple drink, or go into a restaurant and get a 0:07:54.960 --> 0:07:58.400 Clint Eastwood sandwich. It's another thing to sell a soft 0:07:58.440 --> 0:08:01.800 drink as the Shirley Temple Soft drink or a sandwich 0:08:01.840 --> 0:08:06.000 as the Clint Eastwood Sandwich. In late October of nineteen 0:08:06.160 --> 0:08:08.800 eighty eight, Temple Black was able to stop the use 0:08:08.800 --> 0:08:12.360 of her name associated with the sale of Shirley Tea temporarily. 0:08:13.120 --> 0:08:16.200 The court order stated that the company could sell existing 0:08:16.320 --> 0:08:19.160 inventory of the product, but it had to be relabeled 0:08:19.200 --> 0:08:22.680 to exclude her name. It appears that the company never 0:08:22.840 --> 0:08:25.280 got back to making it after the lawsuit. Today, you 0:08:25.320 --> 0:08:29.280 can occasionally find empty bottles with the Shirley Tea label 0:08:29.400 --> 0:08:33.600 on them on eBay with the Shirley Temple Soft Drink tag. 0:08:34.520 --> 0:08:37.559 Temple Black died in twenty fourteen, and today you can 0:08:37.600 --> 0:08:41.120 easily purchase drinks with the Shirley Temple name on them 0:08:41.200 --> 0:08:46.079 in both mocktail and alcoholic varieties. Okay, so it's time 0:08:46.520 --> 0:08:48.320 for one that I actually wanted to do for a 0:08:48.320 --> 0:08:50.360 long time as its own episode, and I kept backing 0:08:50.400 --> 0:08:52.439 away from it. But this seems like the right place 0:08:52.440 --> 0:08:55.480 to do it. Holy cow, everyone has been talking about 0:08:55.520 --> 0:09:00.720 negronies in the last year, yes, particularly after how Dragon's 0:09:00.760 --> 0:09:04.360 actor Emma Darcy said the Negronie spalliado was their drink 0:09:04.400 --> 0:09:07.120 of choice in a viral TikTok from HBO's account with 0:09:07.200 --> 0:09:10.880 fellow House of Dragon star Olivia Cook. Okay, everybody knows 0:09:10.920 --> 0:09:12.400 this by now, but I'm just going to go over it. 0:09:12.600 --> 0:09:16.080 And the Gronie Spiriato has prosecco in it instead of gin, 0:09:16.600 --> 0:09:19.920 and spalliato means mistake in Italian, so it's literally a 0:09:19.960 --> 0:09:27.720 mistake in the gronie. Also just the delivery, Oh yes, 0:09:28.080 --> 0:09:32.679 although it has led I know to people ordering it 0:09:32.760 --> 0:09:35.240 in a weird way. I'm not criticizing anyway. Whatever you do, 0:09:35.280 --> 0:09:38.680 it's fine. But if you say to a bartender, I 0:09:38.760 --> 0:09:43.640 want a Negronie balliado, you don't have to say with prosecco. 0:09:44.160 --> 0:09:46.600 When they say that. In that TikTok, they're explaining what 0:09:46.720 --> 0:09:50.359 it is, not saying it's this, and you add this additionally, 0:09:50.400 --> 0:09:53.960 with prosecco, you know that it's vaded prosecco. Yeah. So 0:09:54.720 --> 0:09:58.680 where did the original cocktail, which usually consists of equal 0:09:58.760 --> 0:10:02.960 parts come Parise Vermuth and gin get its name. Before 0:10:03.000 --> 0:10:05.079 we talk about the person it's named for, we have 0:10:05.160 --> 0:10:09.000 to talk about its predecessor drink, the Americano. We do 0:10:09.080 --> 0:10:11.400 not mean a Cafe Americano. That is a different thing. 0:10:11.920 --> 0:10:15.200 This is a drink that incorporates on a morrow that's 0:10:15.240 --> 0:10:20.240 a bitter herb liqueur, specifically campari. For the Americano, it's 0:10:20.280 --> 0:10:23.600 combined with sweet vermouth, which is a fortified wine that 0:10:23.640 --> 0:10:27.080 also has herbs, spices and bark flavoring, and then that's 0:10:27.120 --> 0:10:30.400 topped off with club soda. It's a pretty light drink 0:10:30.640 --> 0:10:33.800 in terms of alcohol by volume. Yeah, the club soda 0:10:33.880 --> 0:10:37.440 makes it pretty refreshing. But the Americano was based on 0:10:37.480 --> 0:10:41.920 a drink called the Milano Tourno. Maybe Milano is a 0:10:41.960 --> 0:10:45.400 reference to Milan, the origin city of Campari, and Torino 0:10:45.520 --> 0:10:48.640 is a reference to Turin, where vermut Titurini comes from. 0:10:49.480 --> 0:10:52.640 This drink was invented by Gaspar Campari in the eighteen 0:10:52.720 --> 0:10:57.160 sixties at Cafe Camparino in Milan, and it was, according 0:10:57.160 --> 0:11:01.160 to legend, popular with American tourists that they preferred it 0:11:01.200 --> 0:11:04.840 diluted with a bit of club soda, thus the name Americano. 0:11:04.960 --> 0:11:09.319 But there's debate, however, about whether or not Italians also 0:11:09.400 --> 0:11:12.920 already drank it on occasion with a soda topper. According 0:11:12.960 --> 0:11:16.560 to author and drink's historian David Wondrich, who knows all 0:11:16.600 --> 0:11:19.520 of the things about the history of drinks, the Americano 0:11:19.559 --> 0:11:22.560 and Milano Torino are better described as kind of existing 0:11:22.600 --> 0:11:26.000 in tandem, that the Americano being a generic version, in 0:11:26.040 --> 0:11:30.400 the Milano Torino being a variation. An Americano, according to 0:11:30.440 --> 0:11:33.360 his information, is not named for the version with the 0:11:33.400 --> 0:11:37.040 diluted club soda, but for the use of bidders with vermouth, 0:11:37.080 --> 0:11:40.640 which was considered an American practice. So what we can 0:11:40.720 --> 0:11:43.840 say with certainty is that in the nineteen teens the 0:11:43.880 --> 0:11:47.760 Americano was a very popular drink in Italy, both with 0:11:47.960 --> 0:11:50.640 people who lived in Italy and people who visit it. 0:11:51.800 --> 0:11:57.120 Now we get to Negroni, the man, or more accurately Negronese, 0:11:57.520 --> 0:12:00.400 because there are two different origin stories. We're going to 0:12:00.440 --> 0:12:12.720 talk about both of those after a sponsor break. Okay, 0:12:12.720 --> 0:12:14.920 before the break, we said we would talk about the 0:12:14.920 --> 0:12:21.120 two men who are both discussed as possibly being the 0:12:21.160 --> 0:12:23.960 man for whom the Negroni is named. So first, Camillo 0:12:24.120 --> 0:12:27.760 Luigi Manfredro Maria Negroni was born on May twenty fifth, 0:12:27.800 --> 0:12:31.520 eighteen sixty eight, in Florence, Italy. His father was Count 0:12:31.640 --> 0:12:35.800 Enrico Negroni, and his mother was Ada Savage Landor. His 0:12:35.840 --> 0:12:38.120 father died when he was ten years old, and when 0:12:38.120 --> 0:12:42.400 he was sixteen, Camillo went to a military academy. He also, 0:12:42.520 --> 0:12:45.439 during this time subtly changed the spelling of his name. 0:12:46.040 --> 0:12:49.360 Instead of two ms in Camillo, he changed it to one. 0:12:49.640 --> 0:12:52.800 We do not have a clear reason why his mother, 0:12:52.880 --> 0:12:55.440 though remarried and Camillo did not get along with the 0:12:55.480 --> 0:12:58.600 second husband at all, and it is that conflict which 0:12:58.640 --> 0:13:01.679 is said to have inspired him to leave home and travel, 0:13:01.760 --> 0:13:06.160 and he headed to the United States. For a long time, 0:13:06.559 --> 0:13:10.200 the only real account of Camillo Negroni came from a 0:13:10.320 --> 0:13:14.880 wonderful and somewhat fanciful tale that appeared in North American 0:13:14.960 --> 0:13:20.160 newspapers in nineteen twenty eight. This is the biography slash Travelog, 0:13:20.360 --> 0:13:23.800 written by a journalist named Bob Davis who worked for 0:13:23.840 --> 0:13:26.840 the New York Sun. Have a number of questions about it. 0:13:28.200 --> 0:13:31.160 There may or may not be answers, but it's pretty fun. So. 0:13:31.360 --> 0:13:34.680 Davis said that he encountered Negroni after he had such 0:13:34.720 --> 0:13:37.680 a hard time communicating with his cab driver while visiting 0:13:37.679 --> 0:13:40.040 Italy that he had just kind of gestured to the 0:13:40.080 --> 0:13:42.680 man to simply drive and hope that he would figure 0:13:42.720 --> 0:13:44.440 out where to go or that he would see something 0:13:44.440 --> 0:13:47.280 of interest. And when he saw a man on a 0:13:47.360 --> 0:13:50.280 horse with a Mexican saddle and looking entirely like a 0:13:50.280 --> 0:13:53.600 wild West cowboy, he had the driver stop and he 0:13:53.720 --> 0:13:56.080 asked if demand spoke English, and he got the reply, 0:13:56.720 --> 0:13:59.959 your tutin' I do ombre, although allegedly with an Italian act, 0:14:00.280 --> 0:14:03.120 which I dared not try because I will sound like 0:14:03.160 --> 0:14:06.160 a bad video game. I don't I that just this 0:14:06.200 --> 0:14:08.880 is part of my questions. That just seems like an 0:14:08.960 --> 0:14:15.280 impossible sentence to say with an Italian accent. Like I said, 0:14:15.320 --> 0:14:19.080 I dare not. But the two men, according to this story, 0:14:19.320 --> 0:14:22.800 began talking and the Gronie told Davis, quote, you are 0:14:22.800 --> 0:14:25.240 the first stranger in these parts who ever tumbled to 0:14:25.320 --> 0:14:28.520 my outfit. He also told the American tourists that he 0:14:28.560 --> 0:14:31.240 could tell the driver to follow him over a ridge 0:14:31.240 --> 0:14:33.480 that he was pointing to, and that once they got there, 0:14:33.520 --> 0:14:35.600 he could show him where to get something to eat 0:14:35.640 --> 0:14:40.040 and drink. So over these refreshments, according to what Davis wrote, 0:14:40.160 --> 0:14:43.000 the count told his life story quote, I went out 0:14:43.000 --> 0:14:45.240 to the Rockies in the late eighties and fell in 0:14:45.240 --> 0:14:49.080 love with the country. I learned enough about stud Qino 0:14:49.200 --> 0:14:52.640 and Pharaoh to get broke and stay that way. Punching 0:14:52.840 --> 0:14:56.800 horses suited me to death, and I went adventuring over 0:14:56.840 --> 0:15:00.320 the ranges. And the Gronie talked about how he the road, 0:15:00.400 --> 0:15:04.120 heard around North America, spent time in Alberta, Canada, and 0:15:04.160 --> 0:15:07.720 even taught a horse to stick around without hitching. He 0:15:07.880 --> 0:15:10.840 also shared a story about when he was delivering beef 0:15:11.000 --> 0:15:13.800 from one ranch to another and met a cowboy along 0:15:13.840 --> 0:15:16.520 the way who bad mouthed the man who was supposed 0:15:16.560 --> 0:15:20.360 to receive the order. That man's name was Walter Gordon Cumming. 0:15:21.280 --> 0:15:24.120 The two of them got drunk together, and it turned 0:15:24.120 --> 0:15:29.520 out the cowboy talking trash about coming was actually Walter 0:15:29.680 --> 0:15:32.400 Gordon Coming. And then after this whole joke was exposed, 0:15:32.520 --> 0:15:36.320 Coming and Negrony became very good friends. Coming gifted the 0:15:36.360 --> 0:15:40.720 count with the Mexican saddle that Davis had noticed from 0:15:40.920 --> 0:15:44.120 the taxi while he was lost. It also turned out 0:15:44.120 --> 0:15:48.520 that as Nigroni told Davis about his gambling exploits, Davis 0:15:48.560 --> 0:15:52.360 started to recognize some of the stories and realized that 0:15:52.440 --> 0:15:55.040 he had actually heard of Nigrony before, and had even 0:15:55.080 --> 0:15:57.160 gone to a party that Nigrony had thrown when the 0:15:57.200 --> 0:15:59.960 Count was flushed with winnings when he was in North America. 0:16:00.240 --> 0:16:02.400 By the way, he eventually lost all of that money 0:16:02.440 --> 0:16:06.200 again according to the story. For a long time, this 0:16:06.560 --> 0:16:10.480 very fanciful write up was really consistent of the only 0:16:10.520 --> 0:16:13.640 pieces of information that we in North America had about 0:16:13.640 --> 0:16:17.640 this Count ne Groni's personality up to when the cocktail emerges, 0:16:18.120 --> 0:16:21.040 and it establishes that this person does seem to exist. 0:16:21.160 --> 0:16:24.240 This doesn't mention the cocktail at all, although the whole 0:16:24.240 --> 0:16:29.520 thing is rather fantastical. This and so many aspects of 0:16:29.520 --> 0:16:32.480 this reading to me like something that the writer made up. Yes, 0:16:33.600 --> 0:16:37.040 So in recent years, as more books about Negroney history 0:16:37.040 --> 0:16:41.320 have been published, we've gotten more detail about this cowboy count. 0:16:42.200 --> 0:16:44.600 He got married on his thirtieth birthday to a woman 0:16:44.720 --> 0:16:48.640 named Antoinette's worka from Prague. He found out he had 0:16:48.640 --> 0:16:51.880 a son from a romance. In his youth. He designed 0:16:51.920 --> 0:16:55.600 gardens probably, and he lived a lot of life and 0:16:55.640 --> 0:16:58.480 died at the age of sixty six. And now we're 0:16:58.480 --> 0:17:02.000 gonna step sideway and talk about the other Negroni who 0:17:02.040 --> 0:17:04.240 maybe the reason the cocktail got its name. This is 0:17:04.280 --> 0:17:09.280 a briefer story, probably because it involves less fanciful things. 0:17:10.040 --> 0:17:14.440 The second Negroni namesake is General Pascal Olivier, Count de Negroni. 0:17:14.960 --> 0:17:17.800 He was born on April fourth, eighteen twenty nine, in 0:17:17.920 --> 0:17:23.040 San Colombano a l'ambro in Italy's Lombardi region. This Count 0:17:23.080 --> 0:17:25.840 Negroni was a member of the French army who served 0:17:25.880 --> 0:17:28.680 starting when he was eighteen and ending forty four years 0:17:28.720 --> 0:17:32.280 later at the age of sixty two. During this time, 0:17:32.640 --> 0:17:35.640 this Negroni led a pivotal charge in the Franco Prussian 0:17:35.640 --> 0:17:38.840 War of eighteen seventy and earned the Officer's Cross of 0:17:38.880 --> 0:17:42.560 the Imperial Legion of Honor. He was captured just weeks 0:17:42.640 --> 0:17:45.119 later and spent six months as a prisoner of war, 0:17:45.880 --> 0:17:48.560 but after that he continued his rise through the ranks 0:17:48.560 --> 0:17:51.280 and became a general and a commander of the Legion 0:17:51.320 --> 0:17:55.800 of Honor. But Negroni, the general, died in nineteen thirteen 0:17:56.040 --> 0:17:59.000 at the age of eighty four, and this causes a 0:17:59.040 --> 0:18:01.520 little problem with the ti timeline of the invention of 0:18:01.560 --> 0:18:05.600 the eponymous cocktail, because it's usually noted as having been 0:18:05.680 --> 0:18:10.720 created in nineteen nineteen, so the Cowboy count is said 0:18:10.760 --> 0:18:14.480 to have returned to Italy as calls for prohibition were 0:18:14.520 --> 0:18:18.159 gaining favor in the United States, and he frequented a 0:18:18.200 --> 0:18:22.000 place called Cafe Cassoni in Florence. This was not strictly 0:18:22.040 --> 0:18:25.800 a bar, not strictly a cafe. It also sold groceries 0:18:25.840 --> 0:18:28.840 and perfumes, kind of like a corner store with a 0:18:28.840 --> 0:18:31.600 cocktail bar in it, which that sounds like a handy 0:18:31.600 --> 0:18:35.920 thing to have in a neighborhood. It still exists, though 0:18:35.920 --> 0:18:40.000 it's now known as Cafe Jacosa, and Camillo d'groni is 0:18:40.000 --> 0:18:42.119 said to have stopped in there one day, as he 0:18:42.240 --> 0:18:46.719 often did, and asked for an Americano but popi robusto 0:18:46.960 --> 0:18:50.920 or a little bit more robust. Camila n'groni is said 0:18:50.960 --> 0:18:53.840 to have picked up a taste for gin while living 0:18:53.840 --> 0:18:58.760 in the United States, so bartender Fosco Scarceli omitted the 0:18:58.800 --> 0:19:02.080 club soda and replaced it with gin, and then topped 0:19:02.119 --> 0:19:06.160 that with an orange garnish. There are also historians that 0:19:06.200 --> 0:19:09.840 say the gin was simply added without omitting the soda. 0:19:09.960 --> 0:19:15.440 But whichever way the Negroni was born, maybe Scarceli remained 0:19:15.560 --> 0:19:18.359 known for creating the Negroni for the rest of his life, 0:19:18.760 --> 0:19:22.560 and according to various accounts, people started ordering it by saying, 0:19:22.640 --> 0:19:26.120 I want the same drink as Negroni. But there are 0:19:26.119 --> 0:19:28.680 still some problems with the story. For one, members of 0:19:28.760 --> 0:19:32.640 the Negroni family have stated that they have scoured their 0:19:32.760 --> 0:19:35.840 family tree back to the eleventh century. They found no 0:19:36.119 --> 0:19:39.440 Count Camillo, although there was a reproduction of his birth 0:19:39.480 --> 0:19:44.040 certificate that has since appeared in print. Now to support 0:19:44.080 --> 0:19:48.119 the general Pascal Negroni story, we found several mentions of 0:19:48.160 --> 0:19:51.840 an article titled new evidence that Neigroni was invented in 0:19:51.880 --> 0:19:56.080 Africa Sorry Italy that was said to appear in a 0:19:56.080 --> 0:20:00.639 publication called Drinking Cup in twenty twelve. I sure couldn't 0:20:00.640 --> 0:20:04.080 find this, but Tracy did. It's a now defunct site 0:20:04.119 --> 0:20:07.600 which featured a photo of a letter that Pascal Olivier 0:20:07.680 --> 0:20:11.600 Negroni sent to his brother that suggested that he created 0:20:11.600 --> 0:20:15.080 this drink in eighteen fifty seven to celebrate his wedding, 0:20:15.200 --> 0:20:18.439 and he then introduced it to officers while he was 0:20:18.440 --> 0:20:24.280 stationed in Senegal in eighteen seventy. This is also tricky though, 0:20:24.320 --> 0:20:28.440 because in eighteen fifty seven Campari didn't exist yet, and 0:20:28.520 --> 0:20:32.320 most bartenders will tell you if there's no Campari, it's 0:20:32.400 --> 0:20:36.240 not a Negroni. But in twenty fifteen, author Luca Peake 0:20:36.480 --> 0:20:40.439 published his story of the Negroni and sides with the 0:20:40.480 --> 0:20:45.040 Camilla Nigroni version, but also includes a story of litigation 0:20:45.480 --> 0:20:47.920 in this book which echoes the one we talked about 0:20:48.000 --> 0:20:51.800 with the Shirley Temple, although in the opposite way. In 0:20:51.840 --> 0:20:56.119 the late nineteen fifties, a company called Treviso, which was 0:20:56.200 --> 0:20:58.760 owned by a member of the Nigroni family, put a 0:20:58.920 --> 0:21:03.040 pre mixed negro on the market, sold in bottles, but 0:21:03.160 --> 0:21:06.399 it was, according to the barman and liqueur manufacturers of 0:21:06.440 --> 0:21:11.840 the time, bad bad enough that Campari and several other 0:21:11.960 --> 0:21:16.120 Liqueur companies sued over it and the case. A lot 0:21:16.160 --> 0:21:19.880 of people testified to the Florence origin of the cocktail 0:21:20.040 --> 0:21:26.760 at Cafe Cassoni, including bartender Fosco Sarcelli. The bottled old 0:21:26.840 --> 0:21:30.760 Nigrony cocktail was taken off the market, so it seems 0:21:30.800 --> 0:21:34.320 like pretty much all of the actual evidence supports the 0:21:34.359 --> 0:21:37.040 Count Negroni, who was a cowboy and perhaps a very 0:21:37.080 --> 0:21:40.440 flamboyant character. But wherever it started, it seems like its 0:21:40.480 --> 0:21:44.040 intense flavor is matched only by the intense scrutiny its 0:21:44.080 --> 0:21:47.360 origins have gotten and the intense disagreements about who it's 0:21:47.400 --> 0:21:51.280 really named for. The Campari Company, by the way, sticks 0:21:51.280 --> 0:21:54.760 with that nineteen nineteen Florence origin. Our next beverage is 0:21:54.800 --> 0:21:57.199 a soft drink. We will talk about whether or not 0:21:57.359 --> 0:22:00.960 it really qualifies as an eponymous food him after we 0:22:01.040 --> 0:22:03.920 hear from the sponsors that keep stuffymus in history class, 0:22:04.040 --> 0:22:16.520 going alrighty, we have had a mocktail and a cocktail, 0:22:16.560 --> 0:22:19.320 and this next one is a soft drink. Have you 0:22:19.359 --> 0:22:22.280 ever wondered why doctor Pepper is called? That? Is there 0:22:22.359 --> 0:22:26.159 Doctor Pepper? Like the Negroni, there are competing stories. We 0:22:26.440 --> 0:22:29.320 definitely do know who invented this one though, and a 0:22:29.400 --> 0:22:32.320 lot about the early years of doctor Pepper, but the 0:22:32.400 --> 0:22:35.000 doctor himself that it may or may not be known for. 0:22:35.200 --> 0:22:39.359 That's a little more mysterious. And this story starts in Waco, Texas, 0:22:39.680 --> 0:22:43.440 but it has roots in Virginia. The inventor of this 0:22:43.720 --> 0:22:47.680 soft drink was Charles Alderton. Alderton was born in Brooklyn, 0:22:47.720 --> 0:22:51.160 New York, on June twenty first, eighteen fifty seven. After 0:22:51.200 --> 0:22:53.879 finishing a bachelor's degree in England. He went to the 0:22:53.960 --> 0:22:57.680 University of Texas to study medicine and used his education 0:22:57.840 --> 0:23:01.440 to become a pharmacist a job in a drug store 0:23:01.440 --> 0:23:05.760 in Waco, Texas called Morrison's Old Corner drug Store. This 0:23:05.960 --> 0:23:08.520 was an old school drug store with a soda fountain. 0:23:10.200 --> 0:23:14.240 I kind of missed these. There maybe are still some somewhere. 0:23:15.600 --> 0:23:19.280 I know definitely of one in New York, but there 0:23:19.320 --> 0:23:20.840 are more than that, I'm sure, but they're few and 0:23:20.880 --> 0:23:23.000 far between now. Yeah, there was one in Like the 0:23:24.440 --> 0:23:26.800 pharmacy that we went to when I was growing up 0:23:26.880 --> 0:23:29.400 had a soda fountain, and that is where my brother's 0:23:29.840 --> 0:23:33.520 after school job was in high school. So, according to 0:23:33.600 --> 0:23:36.359 the Doctor Pepper Museum, which is in the original building 0:23:36.359 --> 0:23:41.159 where the now defunct Morrison's drug Store operated, Alderton loved 0:23:41.200 --> 0:23:43.399 the way the store smelled because of all of the 0:23:43.440 --> 0:23:46.360 fruit syrups from the soda fountain. So when he wasn't 0:23:46.400 --> 0:23:49.520 busy compounding medicines, he would get behind the soda fountain 0:23:49.560 --> 0:23:52.720 counter and help serve customers, and he started to think 0:23:52.760 --> 0:23:55.840 about how he might combine a number of syrups to 0:23:55.920 --> 0:23:59.480 make a carbonated drink that tasted the way the store smelled. 0:24:00.240 --> 0:24:03.480 He started experimenting with this idea in eighteen eighty five 0:24:03.640 --> 0:24:07.800 and kept notes on what combinations and proportions he had used. 0:24:08.359 --> 0:24:10.879 He kept tweaking the mix until he felt like he 0:24:10.920 --> 0:24:13.479 had it just right, so the next step was a 0:24:13.520 --> 0:24:18.439 taste test with the boss, Wade Morrison. Morrison also liked it, 0:24:18.480 --> 0:24:21.359