WEBVTT - S3 – 8: Solitary 0:00:01.120 --> 0:00:04.320 Welcomed unobscured a production of I Heart Radio and Aaron Minky. 0:00:08.360 --> 0:00:12.039 Charles Warren would remain at his post until they could 0:00:12.080 --> 0:00:15.680 pick a successor, that is, but Home Secretary Matthews was 0:00:15.760 --> 0:00:19.279 quick to accept the Police Commissioner's resignation. It was only 0:00:19.360 --> 0:00:22.200 too happy for their tense relationship to come to an end. 0:00:23.440 --> 0:00:26.360 There were some who mourned the choice, though the sound 0:00:26.400 --> 0:00:29.080 of boots pounding the halls at Scotland Yard had made 0:00:29.120 --> 0:00:32.720 it known the constables of his Metropolitan Police were grateful 0:00:32.800 --> 0:00:35.320 for his leadership. If anyone in the ranks had been 0:00:35.400 --> 0:00:38.360 unsettled by his order to beat down poor Londoners in 0:00:38.400 --> 0:00:43.000 the street on Bloody Sunday, of those concerns didn't make 0:00:43.040 --> 0:00:46.200 it into the police records, but Warren had always gone 0:00:46.200 --> 0:00:48.680 to bat on the men's behalf, and the new boots 0:00:48.720 --> 0:00:53.600 they were wearing were bought on Warren's orders. Others, though, 0:00:53.760 --> 0:00:56.520 felt the smallest amount of glee that Warren had been 0:00:56.520 --> 0:01:00.000 pushed aside. Among them was the surgeon who had served 0:01:00.000 --> 0:01:03.840 at Scotland Yard for years until that spring, Dr Thomas Bond. 0:01:04.280 --> 0:01:07.600 He was a distinguished police surgeon with an incredible record 0:01:07.640 --> 0:01:11.640 of providing expert forensic and medical analysis in tough cases. 0:01:13.200 --> 0:01:15.640 What's more, he was also paid to serve as the 0:01:15.720 --> 0:01:18.920 doctor for the police themselves, so he was well known 0:01:18.959 --> 0:01:21.880 to many of the officers at Scotland Yard, and when 0:01:21.880 --> 0:01:24.319 it came to wane in on medical evidence, he was 0:01:24.400 --> 0:01:28.000 no stranger to high profile tests. After all, he was 0:01:28.080 --> 0:01:31.160 the surgeon who had consulted on the Brighton railway murder. 0:01:32.440 --> 0:01:35.000 Since then, Dr Bond had joined the central hub of 0:01:35.040 --> 0:01:38.080 Police in London, making a pretty penny and doing his 0:01:38.200 --> 0:01:41.000 parts on tricky cases when it came to medical matters, 0:01:41.440 --> 0:01:44.399 But in eighteen eighty eight Charles Warren decided to see 0:01:44.480 --> 0:01:47.880 him off. Here's historian Adam Wood to tell us more. 0:01:48.520 --> 0:01:50.760 The story was that, as always we've Warren, he was 0:01:50.800 --> 0:01:52.760 looking to make changes to them to make it more 0:01:52.800 --> 0:01:56.080 fishing and as a majority of the detectives lived a 0:01:56.080 --> 0:01:59.120 wife from Scotland Jawdean Ld Division which is self of 0:01:59.200 --> 0:02:01.760 the Thames, with the new recruits were also by associated 0:02:01.800 --> 0:02:05.360 the training in early he moved their care to the 0:02:05.400 --> 0:02:08.800 divisional surgeons there, Dr George Farr. When Bond discovered this, 0:02:08.880 --> 0:02:11.960 he complained, but he obviously had had no choice and 0:02:12.000 --> 0:02:14.800 he resigned as a medical officer attached the Detective Department 0:02:14.840 --> 0:02:18.480 and the Commissioner's office on the full of Ottober. It 0:02:18.520 --> 0:02:22.160 wasn't long, though, before their situations were reversed, because all 0:02:22.200 --> 0:02:25.200 that took place just weeks before Charles Warren would tender 0:02:25.240 --> 0:02:28.640 his own resignation, and the senior officers of the Criminal 0:02:28.680 --> 0:02:32.080 Investigation Department came to Dr Bond with an urgent plea. 0:02:32.639 --> 0:02:35.120 They were facing a series of grizzly murders and the 0:02:35.160 --> 0:02:37.880 medical evidence was nearly the sum total of what they 0:02:37.880 --> 0:02:40.600 had to go on. There was no doctor the detectives 0:02:40.600 --> 0:02:43.560 trusted more than Thomas Bond, so they asked him to 0:02:43.720 --> 0:02:47.440 forgive Charles Warren's treatment and provide his expertise in the 0:02:47.480 --> 0:02:51.520 matter of the Whitechapel murders. Charles Warren was out and 0:02:51.680 --> 0:02:55.720 Dr Bond was back in. Among the reporting on Warren's 0:02:55.800 --> 0:02:58.280 stepping down was a note in The Times that the 0:02:58.280 --> 0:03:02.920 Commissioner's flight from his he created an opportunity to emphasize 0:03:02.960 --> 0:03:06.960 the distinction between the Criminal Investigation Department and the ordinary 0:03:07.000 --> 0:03:11.399 members of the force. Warren had always sided with the constables, 0:03:11.400 --> 0:03:16.000 but now the detectives were reasserting control. Warren was a general, sure, 0:03:16.200 --> 0:03:18.760 but he had been outmaneuvered. It seems that he never 0:03:18.800 --> 0:03:21.720 grasped that the politics of the Metropolitan Police were a 0:03:21.760 --> 0:03:26.040 different kind of battlefield than he was ready for. In fact, 0:03:26.160 --> 0:03:29.480 in all the history of British policing, the eighteen eighties 0:03:29.520 --> 0:03:33.280 were a pivotal moment. Two attitudes were battling for dominance. 0:03:33.639 --> 0:03:36.400 The standard set by Robert Peel and then pursued by 0:03:36.480 --> 0:03:40.480 Charles Warren was crime prevention, to put armed police forces 0:03:40.520 --> 0:03:43.520 in the streets and threaten such violence against the so 0:03:43.600 --> 0:03:48.000 called criminal class that crimes would simply never occur. On 0:03:48.040 --> 0:03:51.240 the other hand, there were the detectives. They weren't setting 0:03:51.240 --> 0:03:54.000 out to prevent crimes by force so much as to 0:03:54.200 --> 0:03:57.280 solve them with clues, to make sure that wrongdoers would 0:03:57.280 --> 0:04:00.440 suffer the consequences of their actions and thus ward our 0:04:00.520 --> 0:04:03.400 future crimes by imposing a sense of power of the 0:04:03.440 --> 0:04:08.120 police that was inescapable. But the idea of oppotent and 0:04:08.240 --> 0:04:12.600 inescapable secret police wasn't always treated kindly by the British public. 0:04:13.040 --> 0:04:15.960 Here's Drew Gray with more on that. There's a certainly 0:04:15.960 --> 0:04:21.240 a divide between uniform and playing clothes, the detectives and 0:04:21.279 --> 0:04:24.440 detection has a bad press. In England. It took a 0:04:24.480 --> 0:04:28.000 long time, so there wasn't a detective agency in England 0:04:28.480 --> 0:04:31.120 in eighteen twenty nine when the police was first formed. 0:04:31.240 --> 0:04:34.600 It took until eighteen forty two, and it took actually 0:04:35.800 --> 0:04:39.360 a couple of catastrophic failures of the police to catch 0:04:39.760 --> 0:04:43.080 murderers and high profile criminals for them to create the 0:04:43.480 --> 0:04:46.840 detective apartment in eighteen forty two. And that was a 0:04:46.920 --> 0:04:52.039 very small number of officers. You could ask ordinary uniform 0:04:52.080 --> 0:04:55.520 officers to go into playing clothes, but the British kind 0:04:55.520 --> 0:04:58.080 of didn't like the idea of playing clothes police in 0:04:58.080 --> 0:05:02.320 at the time it kind of smacked as Napoleonic spies. 0:05:02.720 --> 0:05:06.680 They had quite strong memories of Napoleon's secret police and 0:05:07.040 --> 0:05:09.840 we didn't really want to have a detective in that way. 0:05:11.080 --> 0:05:14.040 If Londoners feared that a police force given the authority 0:05:14.120 --> 0:05:17.960 to investigate crimes would also become a clandestine agency with 0:05:18.000 --> 0:05:21.360 a political agenda, well they didn't have to wait long. 0:05:22.120 --> 0:05:24.600 Soon enough a branch of the detectives would be ferreting 0:05:24.600 --> 0:05:27.360 out members of a political movement that we're making themselves 0:05:27.440 --> 0:05:30.240 known in London. But of course, as these things go, 0:05:30.800 --> 0:05:33.520 certain members of the public who might have rejected the 0:05:33.560 --> 0:05:36.880 idea of playing clothes officers sneaking around in alleys and 0:05:36.920 --> 0:05:41.479 back gardens of Londoners might eventually change their tune because 0:05:41.560 --> 0:05:44.960 as much as they hated a secret police, there were 0:05:45.000 --> 0:05:51.160 other things that they feared far more. This is unobscured. 0:05:51.880 --> 0:06:15.279 I'm Aaron Manky. The bomb had been placed in a 0:06:15.360 --> 0:06:19.360 public urinal. The urinal was for a pub, the Rising Sun, 0:06:19.680 --> 0:06:22.479 but when it detonated, the bomb hit its intended target, 0:06:22.800 --> 0:06:26.799 the police buildings at Whitehall Scotland Yard. The Special Branch 0:06:26.839 --> 0:06:29.839 building was ripped apart, including the office of the head 0:06:29.880 --> 0:06:36.479 of the Criminal Investigation Department. It was that was just 0:06:36.640 --> 0:06:38.960 one of the bombs that were set that night. In fact, 0:06:39.000 --> 0:06:42.320 there were explosions throughout the city, exactly as the warning 0:06:42.400 --> 0:06:45.279 letter had promised. It had arrived addressed to the head 0:06:45.279 --> 0:06:47.640 of the c i D the year before, saying that 0:06:47.680 --> 0:06:50.359 it would blow the head of Scotland Yard off his 0:06:50.480 --> 0:06:54.800 stool and dynamite all the public buildings in London they 0:06:54.839 --> 0:06:58.200 came close to. Here's historian Adam Wood to tell us 0:06:58.240 --> 0:07:01.560 more about who was behind the attack, The Irish Fenians. 0:07:02.440 --> 0:07:05.080 The Fenian bombing campaign started in eighty one and it 0:07:05.160 --> 0:07:07.400 lasted for four years. There was a previous campaign in 0:07:07.400 --> 0:07:10.480 the eighteen sixties and again they were trying to establish 0:07:10.800 --> 0:07:14.920 Irish independence. But in the eighteen sixties heads of state 0:07:14.920 --> 0:07:17.600 and other notable people were attacked in an attempt to 0:07:17.680 --> 0:07:21.280 highlight the campaign. But the eighties they were they were 0:07:21.280 --> 0:07:24.400 a little bit more direct in that they realized that 0:07:24.440 --> 0:07:27.880 if they targeted landmarks around London and elsewhere around the UK, 0:07:28.560 --> 0:07:30.560 that they did in still fear in the public and 0:07:30.640 --> 0:07:33.440 achieve an audience with the government. And in the eighties 0:07:33.440 --> 0:07:36.679 of the nineteen bombs exploded in Brittany Levin in London, 0:07:37.160 --> 0:07:40.040 and these were places such as Scotland Yard itself was attacked. 0:07:40.320 --> 0:07:42.400 There were there were bombs put around the base of 0:07:42.440 --> 0:07:47.280 Nelson's column which failed to explode. London Underground saw four explosions, 0:07:48.320 --> 0:07:50.720 with the bomb blowing up his own officers. The head 0:07:50.760 --> 0:07:54.480 of the Criminal Investigation Department resigned in shame and that 0:07:54.520 --> 0:07:57.240 created an opening. But there was a man at hand 0:07:57.280 --> 0:08:00.360 who was ready to step into the post, James Monroe. 0:08:01.280 --> 0:08:03.960 The government was looking for a man who was experienced 0:08:03.960 --> 0:08:07.680 in dealing with political crime, and Monroe certainly fit the bill. 0:08:09.120 --> 0:08:11.120 Like so many of the men we've met so far. 0:08:11.320 --> 0:08:14.560 James Monroe was trained and molded in the administration of 0:08:14.560 --> 0:08:18.840 the British Empire. A Scotsman like Donald Swanson, Monroe made 0:08:18.880 --> 0:08:21.280 his way to Bengal as part of the legal branch 0:08:21.360 --> 0:08:24.800 of the Indian civil Service, but by eighteen seventy seven 0:08:24.840 --> 0:08:26.760 he had worked his way up far enough that he 0:08:26.840 --> 0:08:30.760 was made Inspector General of the Police. The stairs he 0:08:30.800 --> 0:08:33.280 climbed that height were the bodies of those he killed 0:08:33.280 --> 0:08:37.679 when he crushed freedom movements in Northeast India. His investigations 0:08:37.720 --> 0:08:41.800 and his convictions of Indian Muslims for conspiracy to wage 0:08:41.840 --> 0:08:45.120 war against the Queen even went as far as convicting 0:08:45.160 --> 0:08:49.280 another magistrate, the deputy tax collector for the city of Putna, 0:08:49.520 --> 0:08:52.880 so his view of the Queen's justice was already formed. 0:08:52.920 --> 0:08:56.440 By the time he returned home. Political crime had become 0:08:56.640 --> 0:09:00.560 his specialty. The story is a familiar one to us 0:09:00.600 --> 0:09:03.760 by now. Like Charles Warren and like Robert Peel who 0:09:03.800 --> 0:09:07.840 founded the London Police, James Monroe's experience was in tightening 0:09:07.880 --> 0:09:10.320 the chokehold on people who had been seized by the 0:09:10.360 --> 0:09:14.360 British Empire. It was his job to bring that mentality home, 0:09:15.679 --> 0:09:19.600 but his position was certainly a complicated one and thoroughly political. 0:09:20.040 --> 0:09:23.000 He was made head of the Criminal Investigation Department, but 0:09:23.120 --> 0:09:25.840 given two more posts as well, the head of the 0:09:25.840 --> 0:09:29.800 Special Irish Branch, the set of detectives investigating the Fenny 0:09:29.880 --> 0:09:32.400 and bombings, and also the head of a separate section 0:09:32.520 --> 0:09:36.640 also called Special Branch, which reported only to government, not 0:09:36.800 --> 0:09:40.240 to the Police Commissioner. As well as serving under the 0:09:40.240 --> 0:09:44.319 Metropolitan Police Commissioner, Monroe immediately began working with the government's 0:09:44.360 --> 0:09:48.920 spymaster General, a man named Edward Jenkinson. He wasn't officially 0:09:48.960 --> 0:09:52.040 a policeman, but he had his own private force of spies, 0:09:52.320 --> 0:09:55.720 a network spread throughout London that acted in secrets without 0:09:55.720 --> 0:09:58.760 taking orders from the government or the police. It was 0:09:58.800 --> 0:10:04.400 everything suspicious. Britain's feared a detective service might become. Surveillance 0:10:04.440 --> 0:10:07.880 and information gathering were the order of the day. After all, 0:10:07.960 --> 0:10:10.520 there were Irish rebels to be caught and stopped, as 0:10:10.559 --> 0:10:13.240 well as crime to be solved and prevented, and one 0:10:13.320 --> 0:10:16.199 young officer working down the ranks from James Monroe found 0:10:16.240 --> 0:10:19.240 himself in the midst of all that work, Donald Swanson, 0:10:19.520 --> 0:10:24.080 Partnering with a senior Officer Adolphus Williamson. Here's Adam Wood 0:10:24.200 --> 0:10:27.679 once again. The two officers worked to give a a 0:10:27.720 --> 0:10:31.360 quite number of vistigations and in both the Fenian Campaign 0:10:31.440 --> 0:10:33.760 and later with the Bloody Sunday Roots and Trafical Square, 0:10:34.200 --> 0:10:35.920 they worked to give a looking at the overall picture 0:10:36.040 --> 0:10:39.199 rather than individual incidents, and they were patient to give 0:10:39.200 --> 0:10:42.199 a direction for the investigation. And that's exactly what happened 0:10:42.240 --> 0:10:44.760 later on in the Ripper case when Swanson was appointed 0:10:44.760 --> 0:10:47.040 by the Commissioner, Shovel was warrant to leave the investigation 0:10:47.080 --> 0:10:49.960 from Scotland Chide. So it was still years before the 0:10:50.000 --> 0:10:53.559 Whitechapel murders when an incendiary bomb roared through the Tower 0:10:53.600 --> 0:10:57.040 of London and burned its way into historical infamy with 0:10:57.080 --> 0:11:00.920 the nickname Dynamite Saturday. That had been the twenty four 0:11:01.000 --> 0:11:04.800 of January in eighty five. The tower was crowded at 0:11:04.800 --> 0:11:08.320 the time by two d visitors touring the site. The attack, though, 0:11:08.480 --> 0:11:11.560 was blunted, the fire was put out before anyone was hurt. 0:11:11.679 --> 0:11:14.320 And what's more, the tower was locked down by a 0:11:14.360 --> 0:11:17.400 White Chapel detective who ordered the gates closed so that 0:11:17.440 --> 0:11:21.319 he could question everyone there and that detective name was 0:11:21.400 --> 0:11:25.960 Frederick Alberlein. Aberleine noticed one of the men he questioned 0:11:26.000 --> 0:11:29.440 spoke with an Irish American accent, not to mention that 0:11:29.480 --> 0:11:33.160 he couldn't keep his story straight. So Aberleine collared him 0:11:33.320 --> 0:11:36.079 and when the detectives asked questions at his lodging house, 0:11:36.160 --> 0:11:38.280 it put them on the trail of yet another man, 0:11:38.600 --> 0:11:41.200 one who was setting a bomb at the House of Commons. 0:11:42.000 --> 0:11:44.760 But that wasn't even the biggest moment in scotland Yards 0:11:44.760 --> 0:11:47.520 efforts to stop the fenny and bombs. No, that came 0:11:47.520 --> 0:11:50.440 in two years later in eighteen eighty seven, during Queen 0:11:50.520 --> 0:11:54.960 Victoria's Golden Jubilee. That's when James Monrose, network of espionage 0:11:55.000 --> 0:11:58.720 contacts and the head of the Criminal Investigation Department, boiled 0:11:58.760 --> 0:12:01.480 a plot to bomb the Cell Libration. It was a 0:12:01.559 --> 0:12:04.040 high point in the efforts of the London detectives to 0:12:04.080 --> 0:12:07.000 bounce back from the wrongdoing of the turf fraud scandal 0:12:07.360 --> 0:12:10.920 and to ingratiate themselves not just with the public, but 0:12:10.960 --> 0:12:13.800 with the Crown as well. It seemed that the era 0:12:13.920 --> 0:12:22.080 of the detective was about to bloom. She told her 0:12:22.120 --> 0:12:25.520 own story. We can say that at least the truth 0:12:25.640 --> 0:12:29.560 and the fabrication are interwoven, and official records are silent. 0:12:29.920 --> 0:12:33.040 There's only what she told her most intimate friends. It's 0:12:33.200 --> 0:12:35.840 their testament to who she was that gives us the 0:12:35.880 --> 0:12:39.800 life of Mary Jane Kelly. She said she was born 0:12:39.920 --> 0:12:43.160 in Ireland, like so many families, though they went where 0:12:43.160 --> 0:12:45.880 the jobs were. They followed her father to the iron 0:12:45.880 --> 0:12:49.840 works in Carnarbonshire in Wales, and to make matters more stressful, 0:12:49.880 --> 0:12:52.960 Mary was one of eight children. Together with her sister 0:12:53.040 --> 0:12:56.240 and six brothers, she no doubt drove her father to 0:12:56.320 --> 0:13:00.959 find any work he could. What Mary found was a partner, 0:13:01.240 --> 0:13:03.360 a coal miner, who married her and took her out 0:13:03.400 --> 0:13:06.280 of that large family when she was just sixteen. But 0:13:06.520 --> 0:13:10.199 mining coal is dangerous work, and if Mary's story is true, 0:13:10.280 --> 0:13:13.080 she lost her first husband in a mine explosion just 0:13:13.160 --> 0:13:15.960 a couple of years later. That didn't push her back 0:13:15.960 --> 0:13:19.320 toward her father's house, though, because she was sick and 0:13:19.400 --> 0:13:24.199 that full house wasn't one of care and nurture. Instead, 0:13:24.280 --> 0:13:26.880 she spent a long stay in an infirmary in the 0:13:26.920 --> 0:13:30.080 Welsh city of Cardiff, where her cousin lived, and that 0:13:30.200 --> 0:13:32.680 might have been a comfort to her, not least because 0:13:32.720 --> 0:13:35.840 the family there had a little money, or so Mary said. 0:13:36.360 --> 0:13:39.040 But when those stories were later repeated for the papers 0:13:39.080 --> 0:13:41.160 and the police, they said that it was through that 0:13:41.240 --> 0:13:44.520 moneyed cousin that Mary first came into a bad life. 0:13:45.040 --> 0:13:48.040 That's the way it was passed down. At least, we 0:13:48.080 --> 0:13:50.080 can't know for sure if Mary thought the life she 0:13:50.120 --> 0:13:52.760 found was bad, but we do know that it brought 0:13:52.760 --> 0:13:55.400 her to London. Her first stop was in the city's 0:13:55.440 --> 0:13:59.040 west side, a gay house there, she said, a west 0:13:59.160 --> 0:14:03.360 end bordello by a frenchwoman near Knightsbridge, possibly a social 0:14:03.400 --> 0:14:06.560 connection of her wealthy Cardiff family. It may even be 0:14:06.640 --> 0:14:09.319 that they struck up a friendship. Mary would later recount 0:14:09.320 --> 0:14:11.160 the times that the two of them had ridden through 0:14:11.200 --> 0:14:14.360 London on a carriage together and even traveled to Paris. 0:14:15.559 --> 0:14:17.640 One woman would later tell The Star that Mary had 0:14:17.640 --> 0:14:20.920 a reputation for being a cultured young woman, an excellent 0:14:21.080 --> 0:14:24.320 scholar and artist. She said. One friend said that she 0:14:24.400 --> 0:14:27.720 spoke fluent Welsh, and she may have spoken French as well, 0:14:28.080 --> 0:14:31.120 and the contacts and connections she made eventually brought her 0:14:31.120 --> 0:14:34.480 back to life in France. If that sounds charming, it 0:14:34.520 --> 0:14:36.880 could have been anything, but it may have been that 0:14:36.960 --> 0:14:40.000 the French brothel owners lured her there with false promises 0:14:40.040 --> 0:14:42.200 of a life that they never intended to give her. 0:14:42.520 --> 0:14:45.280 Whatever the case, Mary was able to escape their grasp 0:14:45.360 --> 0:14:48.120 and find her way back to London. But this time 0:14:48.120 --> 0:14:51.080 it wasn't to the wealthy gay houses of the West Side. 0:14:51.480 --> 0:14:54.640 It was toward the East End, and things in Mary's 0:14:54.680 --> 0:14:57.080 life had taken a turn for the worse. She once 0:14:57.120 --> 0:14:59.520 went back to her former West End home, hoping to 0:14:59.600 --> 0:15:02.080 reclaim him a box full of the valuable dresses she 0:15:02.120 --> 0:15:04.800 had owned when she lived there. But she didn't go alone. 0:15:05.200 --> 0:15:07.240 She asked one of her new East End connections to 0:15:07.240 --> 0:15:09.720 come along with her. It was clear that something about 0:15:09.720 --> 0:15:13.520 the life she left behind wasn't quite right in the 0:15:13.520 --> 0:15:16.320 East End too, She moved around. She had a couple 0:15:16.320 --> 0:15:19.040 of different landlords and a couple of different partners. She 0:15:19.160 --> 0:15:21.520 was a young woman in her early twenties trying to 0:15:21.560 --> 0:15:24.760 find a place for herself in a growing and tumultuous city. 0:15:25.320 --> 0:15:28.000 Eighteen eighties six found her living in a lodging house 0:15:28.040 --> 0:15:30.720 in Thrall Street in spittle Fields, and that's where she 0:15:30.800 --> 0:15:34.800 met Joseph Barnett, a market porter who sold fruit and 0:15:34.960 --> 0:15:38.880 bought drinks for pretty women like Mary. Soon the two 0:15:38.920 --> 0:15:42.120 were living together. Joseph even remembered a time when Mary's 0:15:42.160 --> 0:15:44.720 father came to London to look for her. She asked 0:15:44.760 --> 0:15:47.400 Joseph to help her hide from him, not from the 0:15:47.440 --> 0:15:50.080 others in her family, though one of her brothers, a 0:15:50.160 --> 0:15:54.200 soldier in the Scott's Guard, had visited them once. They 0:15:54.200 --> 0:15:56.520 were carving out a sort of life for themselves in 0:15:56.560 --> 0:15:58.760 the East End, and in the fall of eighteen eighty 0:15:58.880 --> 0:16:01.400 seven they even had an pulled together to make their 0:16:01.400 --> 0:16:04.640 way to a little apartment off of Dorset Street. That 0:16:04.720 --> 0:16:07.160 might not mean much to us today, but when Mary 0:16:07.240 --> 0:16:10.120 Kelly and Joseph Barnett took their room there, it was 0:16:10.200 --> 0:16:13.840 a street with a reputation. Here's Paul Beg to tell 0:16:13.880 --> 0:16:17.280 us more. Dorset Street was a fairly narrow street. It 0:16:17.360 --> 0:16:20.040 had a pub one end and a bigger pub the 0:16:20.040 --> 0:16:23.080 other end, and a small pub in the middle, and 0:16:23.400 --> 0:16:27.440 it was otherwise pretty much lined with what we're called 0:16:27.880 --> 0:16:31.200 common lodging houses or doss houses. There was a little 0:16:31.240 --> 0:16:34.280 shop there run by a man called John McCarthy, which 0:16:34.520 --> 0:16:40.320 was basically an all night grocer's shop, and really nothing 0:16:40.360 --> 0:16:43.240 about it to be alarmed about it. It started out 0:16:43.280 --> 0:16:48.280 its life being known as Datchett Street, that became Dorset Street, 0:16:48.680 --> 0:16:52.080 and the locals used to call it Dorset Street because 0:16:52.120 --> 0:16:54.760 of the number of doss houses that it contained, And 0:16:54.880 --> 0:16:57.960 it was the doss houses which had a really bad 0:16:58.000 --> 0:17:03.560 reputation for being plays of immorality, because not too many 0:17:03.640 --> 0:17:06.679 questions were asked if a man and a woman turned 0:17:06.760 --> 0:17:10.760 up wanting a bed together, and they were thought to 0:17:10.800 --> 0:17:14.680 be hotbeds of crime and thievery, and so they weren't 0:17:14.680 --> 0:17:17.719 really looked upon very kindly. But in fact they were 0:17:17.760 --> 0:17:22.800 fairly horrible places, but especially by today standards, but they 0:17:22.840 --> 0:17:25.960 really were the poor man's hotel. They were where you 0:17:26.040 --> 0:17:28.679 went you could buy a bed for the night, and 0:17:29.119 --> 0:17:33.480 it's popularly argued that sometimes some just strung a rope 0:17:33.520 --> 0:17:36.760 from one side of the room to the other and 0:17:37.160 --> 0:17:39.000 for a penny you could lean on the rope and 0:17:39.040 --> 0:17:43.480 go to sleep there. There are photographs of this sort 0:17:43.520 --> 0:17:46.639 of thing happening, but I think that was a fairly 0:17:47.760 --> 0:17:52.880 uncommon practice. But so that yeah, the doss houses were 0:17:52.880 --> 0:17:56.880 thought to be fairly dangerous, and to some extent they were, 0:17:57.119 --> 0:18:01.240 and the that gave Dorset Street really bad name, which 0:18:01.240 --> 0:18:05.000 grew worse over the whereas more Millagers were committed there. 0:18:05.840 --> 0:18:08.680 So that was Mary's new neighborhood. But it wasn't her 0:18:08.720 --> 0:18:11.760 situation though. No. Mary still had enough to her name 0:18:11.800 --> 0:18:13.879 that she and Joseph were able to rent a small 0:18:14.000 --> 0:18:17.200 room in a nook off of Dorset Street called Miller's Court. 0:18:17.760 --> 0:18:20.680 Maybe Joseph was making enough from his work in Spittlefield's 0:18:20.680 --> 0:18:23.000 Market that they could afford the four shillings that the 0:18:23.080 --> 0:18:28.639 landlord charged each week. Over the course of things started 0:18:28.680 --> 0:18:31.400 to slip. We don't know whether it was because Joseph's 0:18:31.440 --> 0:18:33.800 work as a porter dried up, or if events in 0:18:33.840 --> 0:18:36.560 the East End made their lives too dangerous. In the 0:18:36.640 --> 0:18:39.760 later records, Joseph insisted he wasn't out of work, but 0:18:39.920 --> 0:18:42.480 by the end of October the couple were seven weeks 0:18:42.520 --> 0:18:47.080 behind in their rent and Mary was drinking. Of course, 0:18:47.119 --> 0:18:50.240 there was a shadow looming over both of them. Joseph 0:18:50.320 --> 0:18:52.920 said that Mary closely followed the news of the White 0:18:52.960 --> 0:18:56.080 Chapel murders. He would buy papers and Mary would have 0:18:56.160 --> 0:18:59.160 him read her everything. They said. It must have cast 0:18:59.200 --> 0:19:04.200 a chill in a room. On October, Joseph stormed out, 0:19:04.760 --> 0:19:07.199 it wasn't because of the drinking, though it was because 0:19:07.240 --> 0:19:10.640 Mary took in a woman who Joseph said was a prostitute. 0:19:11.080 --> 0:19:13.760 To him, that was an offense and one he couldn't bear. 0:19:14.080 --> 0:19:16.480 But we can imagine why Mary might want to offer 0:19:16.520 --> 0:19:19.200 shelter to a friend. In fact, Joseph would tell one 0:19:19.240 --> 0:19:22.240 newspaper that she was welcoming a number of sex workers 0:19:22.240 --> 0:19:26.200 into that narrow room. She was goodhearted, Joseph said, it 0:19:26.359 --> 0:19:29.520 did not like to refuse them shelter on cold, bitter nights. 0:19:31.080 --> 0:19:33.760 We can imagine the solidarity that Mary felt for the 0:19:33.800 --> 0:19:36.240 sex workers of White Chapel and the women who were 0:19:36.280 --> 0:19:39.480 being murdered in their neighborhood. Women who couldn't pay the 0:19:39.560 --> 0:19:42.359 fees for White Chapel lodging houses were being killed on 0:19:42.400 --> 0:19:45.240 the streets and in dark corners. In fact, there was 0:19:45.320 --> 0:19:48.199 a lodging house with rooms for three hundred sleepers just 0:19:48.320 --> 0:19:51.760 across Dorset Street. But Mary had a private room, a 0:19:51.840 --> 0:19:54.720 roof over her own head. She wanted to offer what 0:19:54.880 --> 0:19:59.040 she had. For some reason, this put Joseph in a fury. 0:19:59.320 --> 0:20:02.159 Was he per apps in denial about Mary's own past. 0:20:02.760 --> 0:20:05.080 We can't be sure, but we do know the fight 0:20:05.119 --> 0:20:07.720 between them was so bitter it even broke a window 0:20:07.760 --> 0:20:11.000 of their room, But it didn't change Mary's mind. So 0:20:11.119 --> 0:20:13.560 Joseph left and made his way to a lodging house 0:20:13.600 --> 0:20:16.960 in Bishop's Gate. With him gone, Mary was free to 0:20:17.000 --> 0:20:19.280 open the doors of her room in Miller's Court and 0:20:19.359 --> 0:20:23.400 provide refuge to other women. Clearly, Mary felt just how 0:20:23.520 --> 0:20:26.200 dangerous life was for poor women in the East End. 0:20:26.680 --> 0:20:28.960 She felt it so deeply she was willing to trade 0:20:28.960 --> 0:20:31.639 her lover and her partner to offer what shelter she 0:20:31.720 --> 0:20:34.640 had to her sisters in need. It was a ministry 0:20:34.640 --> 0:20:37.440 of compassion and mercy that we can only look back 0:20:37.480 --> 0:20:41.400 on with admiration. Of course, her door opened to other 0:20:41.480 --> 0:20:45.199 things too, and to other people, those who came with 0:20:45.280 --> 0:20:49.399 intentions that were much more sinister and far more evil. 0:20:53.160 --> 0:20:55.520 There was no way he could have known, but when 0:20:55.600 --> 0:20:58.520 Joseph stopped in to talk with Mary on a Thursday evening, 0:20:58.640 --> 0:21:01.000 it was only hours before or she would be murdered. 0:21:01.920 --> 0:21:04.320 It was around seven thirty at night, and Mary had 0:21:04.359 --> 0:21:07.399 just come back from the Ten Bells Pub. At some point, 0:21:07.440 --> 0:21:10.080 Mary and Joseph had lost the key to their little room, 0:21:10.240 --> 0:21:12.399 so to open the door, Mary had to reach in 0:21:12.520 --> 0:21:15.200 through the broken window and trip the spring lock from 0:21:15.240 --> 0:21:18.239 the inside. Her friend Lizzie all Brook was with her, 0:21:18.560 --> 0:21:21.560 and when Joseph joined them, the three struck up a conversation. 0:21:23.000 --> 0:21:26.640 He didn't stay long, maybe fifteen minutes, despite the fight 0:21:26.720 --> 0:21:29.280 that had separated them. He said their talk was friendly. 0:21:29.680 --> 0:21:32.720 Of course, not much about Mary's situation had changed. She 0:21:32.920 --> 0:21:36.120 was regularly welcoming her friends in and even held onto 0:21:36.200 --> 0:21:39.840 some of their belongings in clothing. Her Miller's courtroom was 0:21:39.960 --> 0:21:43.840 a haven in Whitechapel. It seems Joseph would have known this. 0:21:45.320 --> 0:21:47.560 To one journalist, he said he would stop in at 0:21:47.600 --> 0:21:50.920 Miller's Court to talk with Mary almost every day. If 0:21:51.000 --> 0:21:53.120 he had money, he said he would give her some, 0:21:53.600 --> 0:21:55.840 But on that evening he told her he hadn't gotten 0:21:55.880 --> 0:21:58.880 any work, and he apologized for coming with empty pockets. 0:21:59.400 --> 0:22:01.440 She would have to go on earning her own keep 0:22:01.480 --> 0:22:05.280 for now. Lizzie left the pair together, and as she 0:22:05.400 --> 0:22:08.480 was going, Mary called out to her, whatever you do, 0:22:08.480 --> 0:22:10.720 don't you do wrong and turn out as I have. 0:22:11.400 --> 0:22:13.840 When Lizzie talked to the press later on, she said 0:22:13.880 --> 0:22:16.639 Mary would often give her these warnings. Life in the 0:22:16.680 --> 0:22:19.119 East End was hard, and with her partner out of 0:22:19.160 --> 0:22:22.560 work and anger pushing them apart. Mary wished there was 0:22:22.600 --> 0:22:24.800 a way for her to go back to Ireland, where 0:22:24.800 --> 0:22:27.640 her people lived, but the money wasn't there to pave 0:22:27.680 --> 0:22:30.640 the way toward a new life somewhere else, and those 0:22:30.720 --> 0:22:34.520 dreams would be cut short in the coming hours. One 0:22:34.520 --> 0:22:36.960 of her neighbors in Miller's Court was headed home about 0:22:37.000 --> 0:22:40.720 fifteen minutes before midnight. As she turned onto Dorset Street, 0:22:40.760 --> 0:22:43.080 she claimed she saw a couple walking in front of 0:22:43.080 --> 0:22:46.760 her and recognized Mary, wearing a warm, practical frock under 0:22:46.800 --> 0:22:50.360 her red shawl, headed for the same place. They ambled 0:22:50.359 --> 0:22:53.600 into the passage together. The neighbor woman said, Mary and 0:22:53.640 --> 0:22:56.680 her escort stepped into the little room. She called good 0:22:56.760 --> 0:22:59.639