1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,320 Speaker 1: Welcomed unobscured a production of I Heart Radio and Aaron Minky. 2 00:00:08,360 --> 00:00:12,039 Speaker 1: Charles Warren would remain at his post until they could 3 00:00:12,080 --> 00:00:15,680 Speaker 1: pick a successor, that is, but Home Secretary Matthews was 4 00:00:15,760 --> 00:00:19,279 Speaker 1: quick to accept the Police Commissioner's resignation. It was only 5 00:00:19,360 --> 00:00:22,200 Speaker 1: too happy for their tense relationship to come to an end. 6 00:00:23,440 --> 00:00:26,360 Speaker 1: There were some who mourned the choice, though the sound 7 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:29,080 Speaker 1: of boots pounding the halls at Scotland Yard had made 8 00:00:29,120 --> 00:00:32,720 Speaker 1: it known the constables of his Metropolitan Police were grateful 9 00:00:32,800 --> 00:00:35,320 Speaker 1: for his leadership. If anyone in the ranks had been 10 00:00:35,400 --> 00:00:38,360 Speaker 1: unsettled by his order to beat down poor Londoners in 11 00:00:38,400 --> 00:00:43,000 Speaker 1: the street on Bloody Sunday, of those concerns didn't make 12 00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:46,200 Speaker 1: it into the police records, but Warren had always gone 13 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:48,680 Speaker 1: to bat on the men's behalf, and the new boots 14 00:00:48,720 --> 00:00:53,600 Speaker 1: they were wearing were bought on Warren's orders. Others, though, 15 00:00:53,760 --> 00:00:56,520 Speaker 1: felt the smallest amount of glee that Warren had been 16 00:00:56,520 --> 00:01:00,000 Speaker 1: pushed aside. Among them was the surgeon who had served 17 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:03,840 Speaker 1: at Scotland Yard for years until that spring, Dr Thomas Bond. 18 00:01:04,280 --> 00:01:07,600 Speaker 1: He was a distinguished police surgeon with an incredible record 19 00:01:07,640 --> 00:01:11,640 Speaker 1: of providing expert forensic and medical analysis in tough cases. 20 00:01:13,200 --> 00:01:15,640 Speaker 1: What's more, he was also paid to serve as the 21 00:01:15,720 --> 00:01:18,920 Speaker 1: doctor for the police themselves, so he was well known 22 00:01:18,959 --> 00:01:21,880 Speaker 1: to many of the officers at Scotland Yard, and when 23 00:01:21,880 --> 00:01:24,319 Speaker 1: it came to wane in on medical evidence, he was 24 00:01:24,400 --> 00:01:28,000 Speaker 1: no stranger to high profile tests. After all, he was 25 00:01:28,080 --> 00:01:31,160 Speaker 1: the surgeon who had consulted on the Brighton railway murder. 26 00:01:32,440 --> 00:01:35,000 Speaker 1: Since then, Dr Bond had joined the central hub of 27 00:01:35,040 --> 00:01:38,080 Speaker 1: Police in London, making a pretty penny and doing his 28 00:01:38,200 --> 00:01:41,000 Speaker 1: parts on tricky cases when it came to medical matters, 29 00:01:41,440 --> 00:01:44,399 Speaker 1: But in eighteen eighty eight Charles Warren decided to see 30 00:01:44,480 --> 00:01:47,880 Speaker 1: him off. Here's historian Adam Wood to tell us more. 31 00:01:48,520 --> 00:01:50,760 Speaker 1: The story was that, as always we've Warren, he was 32 00:01:50,800 --> 00:01:52,760 Speaker 1: looking to make changes to them to make it more 33 00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:56,080 Speaker 1: fishing and as a majority of the detectives lived a 34 00:01:56,080 --> 00:01:59,120 Speaker 1: wife from Scotland Jawdean Ld Division which is self of 35 00:01:59,200 --> 00:02:01,760 Speaker 1: the Thames, with the new recruits were also by associated 36 00:02:01,800 --> 00:02:05,360 Speaker 1: the training in early he moved their care to the 37 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:08,800 Speaker 1: divisional surgeons there, Dr George Farr. When Bond discovered this, 38 00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:11,960 Speaker 1: he complained, but he obviously had had no choice and 39 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:14,800 Speaker 1: he resigned as a medical officer attached the Detective Department 40 00:02:14,840 --> 00:02:18,480 Speaker 1: and the Commissioner's office on the full of Ottober. It 41 00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:22,160 Speaker 1: wasn't long, though, before their situations were reversed, because all 42 00:02:22,200 --> 00:02:25,200 Speaker 1: that took place just weeks before Charles Warren would tender 43 00:02:25,240 --> 00:02:28,640 Speaker 1: his own resignation, and the senior officers of the Criminal 44 00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:32,080 Speaker 1: Investigation Department came to Dr Bond with an urgent plea. 45 00:02:32,639 --> 00:02:35,120 Speaker 1: They were facing a series of grizzly murders and the 46 00:02:35,160 --> 00:02:37,880 Speaker 1: medical evidence was nearly the sum total of what they 47 00:02:37,880 --> 00:02:40,600 Speaker 1: had to go on. There was no doctor the detectives 48 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:43,560 Speaker 1: trusted more than Thomas Bond, so they asked him to 49 00:02:43,720 --> 00:02:47,440 Speaker 1: forgive Charles Warren's treatment and provide his expertise in the 50 00:02:47,480 --> 00:02:51,520 Speaker 1: matter of the Whitechapel murders. Charles Warren was out and 51 00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:55,720 Speaker 1: Dr Bond was back in. Among the reporting on Warren's 52 00:02:55,800 --> 00:02:58,280 Speaker 1: stepping down was a note in The Times that the 53 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:02,920 Speaker 1: Commissioner's flight from his he created an opportunity to emphasize 54 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:06,960 Speaker 1: the distinction between the Criminal Investigation Department and the ordinary 55 00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:11,399 Speaker 1: members of the force. Warren had always sided with the constables, 56 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:16,000 Speaker 1: but now the detectives were reasserting control. Warren was a general, sure, 57 00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:18,760 Speaker 1: but he had been outmaneuvered. It seems that he never 58 00:03:18,800 --> 00:03:21,720 Speaker 1: grasped that the politics of the Metropolitan Police were a 59 00:03:21,760 --> 00:03:26,040 Speaker 1: different kind of battlefield than he was ready for. In fact, 60 00:03:26,160 --> 00:03:29,480 Speaker 1: in all the history of British policing, the eighteen eighties 61 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:33,280 Speaker 1: were a pivotal moment. Two attitudes were battling for dominance. 62 00:03:33,639 --> 00:03:36,400 Speaker 1: The standard set by Robert Peel and then pursued by 63 00:03:36,480 --> 00:03:40,480 Speaker 1: Charles Warren was crime prevention, to put armed police forces 64 00:03:40,520 --> 00:03:43,520 Speaker 1: in the streets and threaten such violence against the so 65 00:03:43,600 --> 00:03:48,000 Speaker 1: called criminal class that crimes would simply never occur. On 66 00:03:48,040 --> 00:03:51,240 Speaker 1: the other hand, there were the detectives. They weren't setting 67 00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:54,000 Speaker 1: out to prevent crimes by force so much as to 68 00:03:54,200 --> 00:03:57,280 Speaker 1: solve them with clues, to make sure that wrongdoers would 69 00:03:57,280 --> 00:04:00,440 Speaker 1: suffer the consequences of their actions and thus ward our 70 00:04:00,520 --> 00:04:03,400 Speaker 1: future crimes by imposing a sense of power of the 71 00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:08,120 Speaker 1: police that was inescapable. But the idea of oppotent and 72 00:04:08,240 --> 00:04:12,600 Speaker 1: inescapable secret police wasn't always treated kindly by the British public. 73 00:04:13,040 --> 00:04:15,960 Speaker 1: Here's Drew Gray with more on that. There's a certainly 74 00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:21,240 Speaker 1: a divide between uniform and playing clothes, the detectives and 75 00:04:21,279 --> 00:04:24,440 Speaker 1: detection has a bad press. In England. It took a 76 00:04:24,480 --> 00:04:28,000 Speaker 1: long time, so there wasn't a detective agency in England 77 00:04:28,480 --> 00:04:31,120 Speaker 1: in eighteen twenty nine when the police was first formed. 78 00:04:31,240 --> 00:04:34,600 Speaker 1: It took until eighteen forty two, and it took actually 79 00:04:35,800 --> 00:04:39,360 Speaker 1: a couple of catastrophic failures of the police to catch 80 00:04:39,760 --> 00:04:43,080 Speaker 1: murderers and high profile criminals for them to create the 81 00:04:43,480 --> 00:04:46,840 Speaker 1: detective apartment in eighteen forty two. And that was a 82 00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:52,039 Speaker 1: very small number of officers. You could ask ordinary uniform 83 00:04:52,080 --> 00:04:55,520 Speaker 1: officers to go into playing clothes, but the British kind 84 00:04:55,520 --> 00:04:58,080 Speaker 1: of didn't like the idea of playing clothes police in 85 00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 1: at the time it kind of smacked as Napoleonic spies. 86 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:06,680 Speaker 1: They had quite strong memories of Napoleon's secret police and 87 00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:09,840 Speaker 1: we didn't really want to have a detective in that way. 88 00:05:11,080 --> 00:05:14,040 Speaker 1: If Londoners feared that a police force given the authority 89 00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:17,960 Speaker 1: to investigate crimes would also become a clandestine agency with 90 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:21,360 Speaker 1: a political agenda, well they didn't have to wait long. 91 00:05:22,120 --> 00:05:24,600 Speaker 1: Soon enough a branch of the detectives would be ferreting 92 00:05:24,600 --> 00:05:27,360 Speaker 1: out members of a political movement that we're making themselves 93 00:05:27,440 --> 00:05:30,240 Speaker 1: known in London. But of course, as these things go, 94 00:05:30,800 --> 00:05:33,520 Speaker 1: certain members of the public who might have rejected the 95 00:05:33,560 --> 00:05:36,880 Speaker 1: idea of playing clothes officers sneaking around in alleys and 96 00:05:36,920 --> 00:05:41,479 Speaker 1: back gardens of Londoners might eventually change their tune because 97 00:05:41,560 --> 00:05:44,960 Speaker 1: as much as they hated a secret police, there were 98 00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:51,160 Speaker 1: other things that they feared far more. This is unobscured. 99 00:05:51,880 --> 00:06:15,279 Speaker 1: I'm Aaron Manky. The bomb had been placed in a 100 00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:19,360 Speaker 1: public urinal. The urinal was for a pub, the Rising Sun, 101 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:22,479 Speaker 1: but when it detonated, the bomb hit its intended target, 102 00:06:22,800 --> 00:06:26,799 Speaker 1: the police buildings at Whitehall Scotland Yard. The Special Branch 103 00:06:26,839 --> 00:06:29,839 Speaker 1: building was ripped apart, including the office of the head 104 00:06:29,880 --> 00:06:36,479 Speaker 1: of the Criminal Investigation Department. It was that was just 105 00:06:36,640 --> 00:06:38,960 Speaker 1: one of the bombs that were set that night. In fact, 106 00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:42,320 Speaker 1: there were explosions throughout the city, exactly as the warning 107 00:06:42,400 --> 00:06:45,279 Speaker 1: letter had promised. It had arrived addressed to the head 108 00:06:45,279 --> 00:06:47,640 Speaker 1: of the c i D the year before, saying that 109 00:06:47,680 --> 00:06:50,359 Speaker 1: it would blow the head of Scotland Yard off his 110 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:54,800 Speaker 1: stool and dynamite all the public buildings in London they 111 00:06:54,839 --> 00:06:58,200 Speaker 1: came close to. Here's historian Adam Wood to tell us 112 00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:01,560 Speaker 1: more about who was behind the attack, The Irish Fenians. 113 00:07:02,440 --> 00:07:05,080 Speaker 1: The Fenian bombing campaign started in eighty one and it 114 00:07:05,160 --> 00:07:07,400 Speaker 1: lasted for four years. There was a previous campaign in 115 00:07:07,400 --> 00:07:10,480 Speaker 1: the eighteen sixties and again they were trying to establish 116 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:14,920 Speaker 1: Irish independence. But in the eighteen sixties heads of state 117 00:07:14,920 --> 00:07:17,600 Speaker 1: and other notable people were attacked in an attempt to 118 00:07:17,680 --> 00:07:21,280 Speaker 1: highlight the campaign. But the eighties they were they were 119 00:07:21,280 --> 00:07:24,400 Speaker 1: a little bit more direct in that they realized that 120 00:07:24,440 --> 00:07:27,880 Speaker 1: if they targeted landmarks around London and elsewhere around the UK, 121 00:07:28,560 --> 00:07:30,560 Speaker 1: that they did in still fear in the public and 122 00:07:30,640 --> 00:07:33,440 Speaker 1: achieve an audience with the government. And in the eighties 123 00:07:33,440 --> 00:07:36,679 Speaker 1: of the nineteen bombs exploded in Brittany Levin in London, 124 00:07:37,160 --> 00:07:40,040 Speaker 1: and these were places such as Scotland Yard itself was attacked. 125 00:07:40,320 --> 00:07:42,400 Speaker 1: There were there were bombs put around the base of 126 00:07:42,440 --> 00:07:47,280 Speaker 1: Nelson's column which failed to explode. London Underground saw four explosions, 127 00:07:48,320 --> 00:07:50,720 Speaker 1: with the bomb blowing up his own officers. The head 128 00:07:50,760 --> 00:07:54,480 Speaker 1: of the Criminal Investigation Department resigned in shame and that 129 00:07:54,520 --> 00:07:57,240 Speaker 1: created an opening. But there was a man at hand 130 00:07:57,280 --> 00:08:00,360 Speaker 1: who was ready to step into the post, James Monroe. 131 00:08:01,280 --> 00:08:03,960 Speaker 1: The government was looking for a man who was experienced 132 00:08:03,960 --> 00:08:07,680 Speaker 1: in dealing with political crime, and Monroe certainly fit the bill. 133 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:11,120 Speaker 1: Like so many of the men we've met so far. 134 00:08:11,320 --> 00:08:14,560 Speaker 1: James Monroe was trained and molded in the administration of 135 00:08:14,560 --> 00:08:18,840 Speaker 1: the British Empire. A Scotsman like Donald Swanson, Monroe made 136 00:08:18,880 --> 00:08:21,280 Speaker 1: his way to Bengal as part of the legal branch 137 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:24,800 Speaker 1: of the Indian civil Service, but by eighteen seventy seven 138 00:08:24,840 --> 00:08:26,760 Speaker 1: he had worked his way up far enough that he 139 00:08:26,840 --> 00:08:30,760 Speaker 1: was made Inspector General of the Police. The stairs he 140 00:08:30,800 --> 00:08:33,280 Speaker 1: climbed that height were the bodies of those he killed 141 00:08:33,280 --> 00:08:37,679 Speaker 1: when he crushed freedom movements in Northeast India. His investigations 142 00:08:37,720 --> 00:08:41,800 Speaker 1: and his convictions of Indian Muslims for conspiracy to wage 143 00:08:41,840 --> 00:08:45,120 Speaker 1: war against the Queen even went as far as convicting 144 00:08:45,160 --> 00:08:49,280 Speaker 1: another magistrate, the deputy tax collector for the city of Putna, 145 00:08:49,520 --> 00:08:52,880 Speaker 1: so his view of the Queen's justice was already formed. 146 00:08:52,920 --> 00:08:56,440 Speaker 1: By the time he returned home. Political crime had become 147 00:08:56,640 --> 00:09:00,560 Speaker 1: his specialty. The story is a familiar one to us 148 00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:03,760 Speaker 1: by now. Like Charles Warren and like Robert Peel who 149 00:09:03,800 --> 00:09:07,840 Speaker 1: founded the London Police, James Monroe's experience was in tightening 150 00:09:07,880 --> 00:09:10,320 Speaker 1: the chokehold on people who had been seized by the 151 00:09:10,360 --> 00:09:14,360 Speaker 1: British Empire. It was his job to bring that mentality home, 152 00:09:15,679 --> 00:09:19,600 Speaker 1: but his position was certainly a complicated one and thoroughly political. 153 00:09:20,040 --> 00:09:23,000 Speaker 1: He was made head of the Criminal Investigation Department, but 154 00:09:23,120 --> 00:09:25,840 Speaker 1: given two more posts as well, the head of the 155 00:09:25,840 --> 00:09:29,800 Speaker 1: Special Irish Branch, the set of detectives investigating the Fenny 156 00:09:29,880 --> 00:09:32,400 Speaker 1: and bombings, and also the head of a separate section 157 00:09:32,520 --> 00:09:36,640 Speaker 1: also called Special Branch, which reported only to government, not 158 00:09:36,800 --> 00:09:40,240 Speaker 1: to the Police Commissioner. As well as serving under the 159 00:09:40,240 --> 00:09:44,319 Speaker 1: Metropolitan Police Commissioner, Monroe immediately began working with the government's 160 00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:48,920 Speaker 1: spymaster General, a man named Edward Jenkinson. He wasn't officially 161 00:09:48,960 --> 00:09:52,040 Speaker 1: a policeman, but he had his own private force of spies, 162 00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:55,720 Speaker 1: a network spread throughout London that acted in secrets without 163 00:09:55,720 --> 00:09:58,760 Speaker 1: taking orders from the government or the police. It was 164 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:04,400 Speaker 1: everything suspicious. Britain's feared a detective service might become. Surveillance 165 00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:07,880 Speaker 1: and information gathering were the order of the day. After all, 166 00:10:07,960 --> 00:10:10,520 Speaker 1: there were Irish rebels to be caught and stopped, as 167 00:10:10,559 --> 00:10:13,240 Speaker 1: well as crime to be solved and prevented, and one 168 00:10:13,320 --> 00:10:16,199 Speaker 1: young officer working down the ranks from James Monroe found 169 00:10:16,240 --> 00:10:19,240 Speaker 1: himself in the midst of all that work, Donald Swanson, 170 00:10:19,520 --> 00:10:24,080 Speaker 1: Partnering with a senior Officer Adolphus Williamson. Here's Adam Wood 171 00:10:24,200 --> 00:10:27,679 Speaker 1: once again. The two officers worked to give a a 172 00:10:27,720 --> 00:10:31,360 Speaker 1: quite number of vistigations and in both the Fenian Campaign 173 00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:33,760 Speaker 1: and later with the Bloody Sunday Roots and Trafical Square, 174 00:10:34,200 --> 00:10:35,920 Speaker 1: they worked to give a looking at the overall picture 175 00:10:36,040 --> 00:10:39,199 Speaker 1: rather than individual incidents, and they were patient to give 176 00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:42,199 Speaker 1: a direction for the investigation. And that's exactly what happened 177 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:44,760 Speaker 1: later on in the Ripper case when Swanson was appointed 178 00:10:44,760 --> 00:10:47,040 Speaker 1: by the Commissioner, Shovel was warrant to leave the investigation 179 00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:49,960 Speaker 1: from Scotland Chide. So it was still years before the 180 00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:53,559 Speaker 1: Whitechapel murders when an incendiary bomb roared through the Tower 181 00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:57,040 Speaker 1: of London and burned its way into historical infamy with 182 00:10:57,080 --> 00:11:00,920 Speaker 1: the nickname Dynamite Saturday. That had been the twenty four 183 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:04,800 Speaker 1: of January in eighty five. The tower was crowded at 184 00:11:04,800 --> 00:11:08,320 Speaker 1: the time by two d visitors touring the site. The attack, though, 185 00:11:08,480 --> 00:11:11,560 Speaker 1: was blunted, the fire was put out before anyone was hurt. 186 00:11:11,679 --> 00:11:14,320 Speaker 1: And what's more, the tower was locked down by a 187 00:11:14,360 --> 00:11:17,400 Speaker 1: White Chapel detective who ordered the gates closed so that 188 00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:21,319 Speaker 1: he could question everyone there and that detective name was 189 00:11:21,400 --> 00:11:25,960 Speaker 1: Frederick Alberlein. Aberleine noticed one of the men he questioned 190 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:29,440 Speaker 1: spoke with an Irish American accent, not to mention that 191 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:33,160 Speaker 1: he couldn't keep his story straight. So Aberleine collared him 192 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:36,079 Speaker 1: and when the detectives asked questions at his lodging house, 193 00:11:36,160 --> 00:11:38,280 Speaker 1: it put them on the trail of yet another man, 194 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:41,200 Speaker 1: one who was setting a bomb at the House of Commons. 195 00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:44,760 Speaker 1: But that wasn't even the biggest moment in scotland Yards 196 00:11:44,760 --> 00:11:47,520 Speaker 1: efforts to stop the fenny and bombs. No, that came 197 00:11:47,520 --> 00:11:50,440 Speaker 1: in two years later in eighteen eighty seven, during Queen 198 00:11:50,520 --> 00:11:54,960 Speaker 1: Victoria's Golden Jubilee. That's when James Monrose, network of espionage 199 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:58,720 Speaker 1: contacts and the head of the Criminal Investigation Department, boiled 200 00:11:58,760 --> 00:12:01,480 Speaker 1: a plot to bomb the Cell Libration. It was a 201 00:12:01,559 --> 00:12:04,040 Speaker 1: high point in the efforts of the London detectives to 202 00:12:04,080 --> 00:12:07,000 Speaker 1: bounce back from the wrongdoing of the turf fraud scandal 203 00:12:07,360 --> 00:12:10,920 Speaker 1: and to ingratiate themselves not just with the public, but 204 00:12:10,960 --> 00:12:13,800 Speaker 1: with the Crown as well. It seemed that the era 205 00:12:13,920 --> 00:12:22,080 Speaker 1: of the detective was about to bloom. She told her 206 00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:25,520 Speaker 1: own story. We can say that at least the truth 207 00:12:25,640 --> 00:12:29,560 Speaker 1: and the fabrication are interwoven, and official records are silent. 208 00:12:29,920 --> 00:12:33,040 Speaker 1: There's only what she told her most intimate friends. It's 209 00:12:33,200 --> 00:12:35,840 Speaker 1: their testament to who she was that gives us the 210 00:12:35,880 --> 00:12:39,800 Speaker 1: life of Mary Jane Kelly. She said she was born 211 00:12:39,920 --> 00:12:43,160 Speaker 1: in Ireland, like so many families, though they went where 212 00:12:43,160 --> 00:12:45,880 Speaker 1: the jobs were. They followed her father to the iron 213 00:12:45,880 --> 00:12:49,840 Speaker 1: works in Carnarbonshire in Wales, and to make matters more stressful, 214 00:12:49,880 --> 00:12:52,960 Speaker 1: Mary was one of eight children. Together with her sister 215 00:12:53,040 --> 00:12:56,240 Speaker 1: and six brothers, she no doubt drove her father to 216 00:12:56,320 --> 00:13:00,959 Speaker 1: find any work he could. What Mary found was a partner, 217 00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:03,360 Speaker 1: a coal miner, who married her and took her out 218 00:13:03,400 --> 00:13:06,280 Speaker 1: of that large family when she was just sixteen. But 219 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:10,199 Speaker 1: mining coal is dangerous work, and if Mary's story is true, 220 00:13:10,280 --> 00:13:13,080 Speaker 1: she lost her first husband in a mine explosion just 221 00:13:13,160 --> 00:13:15,960 Speaker 1: a couple of years later. That didn't push her back 222 00:13:15,960 --> 00:13:19,320 Speaker 1: toward her father's house, though, because she was sick and 223 00:13:19,400 --> 00:13:24,199 Speaker 1: that full house wasn't one of care and nurture. Instead, 224 00:13:24,280 --> 00:13:26,880 Speaker 1: she spent a long stay in an infirmary in the 225 00:13:26,920 --> 00:13:30,080 Speaker 1: Welsh city of Cardiff, where her cousin lived, and that 226 00:13:30,200 --> 00:13:32,680 Speaker 1: might have been a comfort to her, not least because 227 00:13:32,720 --> 00:13:35,840 Speaker 1: the family there had a little money, or so Mary said. 228 00:13:36,360 --> 00:13:39,040 Speaker 1: But when those stories were later repeated for the papers 229 00:13:39,080 --> 00:13:41,160 Speaker 1: and the police, they said that it was through that 230 00:13:41,240 --> 00:13:44,520 Speaker 1: moneyed cousin that Mary first came into a bad life. 231 00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:48,040 Speaker 1: That's the way it was passed down. At least, we 232 00:13:48,080 --> 00:13:50,080 Speaker 1: can't know for sure if Mary thought the life she 233 00:13:50,120 --> 00:13:52,760 Speaker 1: found was bad, but we do know that it brought 234 00:13:52,760 --> 00:13:55,400 Speaker 1: her to London. Her first stop was in the city's 235 00:13:55,440 --> 00:13:59,040 Speaker 1: west side, a gay house there, she said, a west 236 00:13:59,160 --> 00:14:03,360 Speaker 1: end bordello by a frenchwoman near Knightsbridge, possibly a social 237 00:14:03,400 --> 00:14:06,560 Speaker 1: connection of her wealthy Cardiff family. It may even be 238 00:14:06,640 --> 00:14:09,319 Speaker 1: that they struck up a friendship. Mary would later recount 239 00:14:09,320 --> 00:14:11,160 Speaker 1: the times that the two of them had ridden through 240 00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:14,360 Speaker 1: London on a carriage together and even traveled to Paris. 241 00:14:15,559 --> 00:14:17,640 Speaker 1: One woman would later tell The Star that Mary had 242 00:14:17,640 --> 00:14:20,920 Speaker 1: a reputation for being a cultured young woman, an excellent 243 00:14:21,080 --> 00:14:24,320 Speaker 1: scholar and artist. She said. One friend said that she 244 00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:27,720 Speaker 1: spoke fluent Welsh, and she may have spoken French as well, 245 00:14:28,080 --> 00:14:31,120 Speaker 1: and the contacts and connections she made eventually brought her 246 00:14:31,120 --> 00:14:34,480 Speaker 1: back to life in France. If that sounds charming, it 247 00:14:34,520 --> 00:14:36,880 Speaker 1: could have been anything, but it may have been that 248 00:14:36,960 --> 00:14:40,000 Speaker 1: the French brothel owners lured her there with false promises 249 00:14:40,040 --> 00:14:42,200 Speaker 1: of a life that they never intended to give her. 250 00:14:42,520 --> 00:14:45,280 Speaker 1: Whatever the case, Mary was able to escape their grasp 251 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:48,120 Speaker 1: and find her way back to London. But this time 252 00:14:48,120 --> 00:14:51,080 Speaker 1: it wasn't to the wealthy gay houses of the West Side. 253 00:14:51,480 --> 00:14:54,640 Speaker 1: It was toward the East End, and things in Mary's 254 00:14:54,680 --> 00:14:57,080 Speaker 1: life had taken a turn for the worse. She once 255 00:14:57,120 --> 00:14:59,520 Speaker 1: went back to her former West End home, hoping to 256 00:14:59,600 --> 00:15:02,080 Speaker 1: reclaim him a box full of the valuable dresses she 257 00:15:02,120 --> 00:15:04,800 Speaker 1: had owned when she lived there. But she didn't go alone. 258 00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:07,240 Speaker 1: She asked one of her new East End connections to 259 00:15:07,240 --> 00:15:09,720 Speaker 1: come along with her. It was clear that something about 260 00:15:09,720 --> 00:15:13,520 Speaker 1: the life she left behind wasn't quite right in the 261 00:15:13,520 --> 00:15:16,320 Speaker 1: East End too, She moved around. She had a couple 262 00:15:16,320 --> 00:15:19,040 Speaker 1: of different landlords and a couple of different partners. She 263 00:15:19,160 --> 00:15:21,520 Speaker 1: was a young woman in her early twenties trying to 264 00:15:21,560 --> 00:15:24,760 Speaker 1: find a place for herself in a growing and tumultuous city. 265 00:15:25,320 --> 00:15:28,000 Speaker 1: Eighteen eighties six found her living in a lodging house 266 00:15:28,040 --> 00:15:30,720 Speaker 1: in Thrall Street in spittle Fields, and that's where she 267 00:15:30,800 --> 00:15:34,800 Speaker 1: met Joseph Barnett, a market porter who sold fruit and 268 00:15:34,960 --> 00:15:38,880 Speaker 1: bought drinks for pretty women like Mary. Soon the two 269 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:42,120 Speaker 1: were living together. Joseph even remembered a time when Mary's 270 00:15:42,160 --> 00:15:44,720 Speaker 1: father came to London to look for her. She asked 271 00:15:44,760 --> 00:15:47,400 Speaker 1: Joseph to help her hide from him, not from the 272 00:15:47,440 --> 00:15:50,080 Speaker 1: others in her family, though one of her brothers, a 273 00:15:50,160 --> 00:15:54,200 Speaker 1: soldier in the Scott's Guard, had visited them once. They 274 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:56,520 Speaker 1: were carving out a sort of life for themselves in 275 00:15:56,560 --> 00:15:58,760 Speaker 1: the East End, and in the fall of eighteen eighty 276 00:15:58,880 --> 00:16:01,400 Speaker 1: seven they even had an pulled together to make their 277 00:16:01,400 --> 00:16:04,640 Speaker 1: way to a little apartment off of Dorset Street. That 278 00:16:04,720 --> 00:16:07,160 Speaker 1: might not mean much to us today, but when Mary 279 00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:10,120 Speaker 1: Kelly and Joseph Barnett took their room there, it was 280 00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:13,840 Speaker 1: a street with a reputation. Here's Paul Beg to tell 281 00:16:13,880 --> 00:16:17,280 Speaker 1: us more. Dorset Street was a fairly narrow street. It 282 00:16:17,360 --> 00:16:20,040 Speaker 1: had a pub one end and a bigger pub the 283 00:16:20,040 --> 00:16:23,080 Speaker 1: other end, and a small pub in the middle, and 284 00:16:23,400 --> 00:16:27,440 Speaker 1: it was otherwise pretty much lined with what we're called 285 00:16:27,880 --> 00:16:31,200 Speaker 1: common lodging houses or doss houses. There was a little 286 00:16:31,240 --> 00:16:34,280 Speaker 1: shop there run by a man called John McCarthy, which 287 00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:40,320 Speaker 1: was basically an all night grocer's shop, and really nothing 288 00:16:40,360 --> 00:16:43,240 Speaker 1: about it to be alarmed about it. It started out 289 00:16:43,280 --> 00:16:48,280 Speaker 1: its life being known as Datchett Street, that became Dorset Street, 290 00:16:48,680 --> 00:16:52,080 Speaker 1: and the locals used to call it Dorset Street because 291 00:16:52,120 --> 00:16:54,760 Speaker 1: of the number of doss houses that it contained, And 292 00:16:54,880 --> 00:16:57,960 Speaker 1: it was the doss houses which had a really bad 293 00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:03,560 Speaker 1: reputation for being plays of immorality, because not too many 294 00:17:03,640 --> 00:17:06,679 Speaker 1: questions were asked if a man and a woman turned 295 00:17:06,760 --> 00:17:10,760 Speaker 1: up wanting a bed together, and they were thought to 296 00:17:10,800 --> 00:17:14,680 Speaker 1: be hotbeds of crime and thievery, and so they weren't 297 00:17:14,680 --> 00:17:17,719 Speaker 1: really looked upon very kindly. But in fact they were 298 00:17:17,760 --> 00:17:22,800 Speaker 1: fairly horrible places, but especially by today standards, but they 299 00:17:22,840 --> 00:17:25,960 Speaker 1: really were the poor man's hotel. They were where you 300 00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:28,679 Speaker 1: went you could buy a bed for the night, and 301 00:17:29,119 --> 00:17:33,480 Speaker 1: it's popularly argued that sometimes some just strung a rope 302 00:17:33,520 --> 00:17:36,760 Speaker 1: from one side of the room to the other and 303 00:17:37,160 --> 00:17:39,000 Speaker 1: for a penny you could lean on the rope and 304 00:17:39,040 --> 00:17:43,480 Speaker 1: go to sleep there. There are photographs of this sort 305 00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:46,639 Speaker 1: of thing happening, but I think that was a fairly 306 00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:52,880 Speaker 1: uncommon practice. But so that yeah, the doss houses were 307 00:17:52,880 --> 00:17:56,880 Speaker 1: thought to be fairly dangerous, and to some extent they were, 308 00:17:57,119 --> 00:18:01,240 Speaker 1: and the that gave Dorset Street really bad name, which 309 00:18:01,240 --> 00:18:05,000 Speaker 1: grew worse over the whereas more Millagers were committed there. 310 00:18:05,840 --> 00:18:08,680 Speaker 1: So that was Mary's new neighborhood. But it wasn't her 311 00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:11,760 Speaker 1: situation though. No. Mary still had enough to her name 312 00:18:11,800 --> 00:18:13,879 Speaker 1: that she and Joseph were able to rent a small 313 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:17,200 Speaker 1: room in a nook off of Dorset Street called Miller's Court. 314 00:18:17,760 --> 00:18:20,680 Speaker 1: Maybe Joseph was making enough from his work in Spittlefield's 315 00:18:20,680 --> 00:18:23,000 Speaker 1: Market that they could afford the four shillings that the 316 00:18:23,080 --> 00:18:28,639 Speaker 1: landlord charged each week. Over the course of things started 317 00:18:28,680 --> 00:18:31,400 Speaker 1: to slip. We don't know whether it was because Joseph's 318 00:18:31,440 --> 00:18:33,800 Speaker 1: work as a porter dried up, or if events in 319 00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:36,560 Speaker 1: the East End made their lives too dangerous. In the 320 00:18:36,640 --> 00:18:39,760 Speaker 1: later records, Joseph insisted he wasn't out of work, but 321 00:18:39,920 --> 00:18:42,480 Speaker 1: by the end of October the couple were seven weeks 322 00:18:42,520 --> 00:18:47,080 Speaker 1: behind in their rent and Mary was drinking. Of course, 323 00:18:47,119 --> 00:18:50,240 Speaker 1: there was a shadow looming over both of them. Joseph 324 00:18:50,320 --> 00:18:52,920 Speaker 1: said that Mary closely followed the news of the White 325 00:18:52,960 --> 00:18:56,080 Speaker 1: Chapel murders. He would buy papers and Mary would have 326 00:18:56,160 --> 00:18:59,160 Speaker 1: him read her everything. They said. It must have cast 327 00:18:59,200 --> 00:19:04,200 Speaker 1: a chill in a room. On October, Joseph stormed out, 328 00:19:04,760 --> 00:19:07,199 Speaker 1: it wasn't because of the drinking, though it was because 329 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:10,640 Speaker 1: Mary took in a woman who Joseph said was a prostitute. 330 00:19:11,080 --> 00:19:13,760 Speaker 1: To him, that was an offense and one he couldn't bear. 331 00:19:14,080 --> 00:19:16,480 Speaker 1: But we can imagine why Mary might want to offer 332 00:19:16,520 --> 00:19:19,200 Speaker 1: shelter to a friend. In fact, Joseph would tell one 333 00:19:19,240 --> 00:19:22,240 Speaker 1: newspaper that she was welcoming a number of sex workers 334 00:19:22,240 --> 00:19:26,200 Speaker 1: into that narrow room. She was goodhearted, Joseph said, it 335 00:19:26,359 --> 00:19:29,520 Speaker 1: did not like to refuse them shelter on cold, bitter nights. 336 00:19:31,080 --> 00:19:33,760 Speaker 1: We can imagine the solidarity that Mary felt for the 337 00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:36,240 Speaker 1: sex workers of White Chapel and the women who were 338 00:19:36,280 --> 00:19:39,480 Speaker 1: being murdered in their neighborhood. Women who couldn't pay the 339 00:19:39,560 --> 00:19:42,359 Speaker 1: fees for White Chapel lodging houses were being killed on 340 00:19:42,400 --> 00:19:45,240 Speaker 1: the streets and in dark corners. In fact, there was 341 00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:48,199 Speaker 1: a lodging house with rooms for three hundred sleepers just 342 00:19:48,320 --> 00:19:51,760 Speaker 1: across Dorset Street. But Mary had a private room, a 343 00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:54,720 Speaker 1: roof over her own head. She wanted to offer what 344 00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:59,040 Speaker 1: she had. For some reason, this put Joseph in a fury. 345 00:19:59,320 --> 00:20:02,159 Speaker 1: Was he per apps in denial about Mary's own past. 346 00:20:02,760 --> 00:20:05,080 Speaker 1: We can't be sure, but we do know the fight 347 00:20:05,119 --> 00:20:07,720 Speaker 1: between them was so bitter it even broke a window 348 00:20:07,760 --> 00:20:11,000 Speaker 1: of their room, But it didn't change Mary's mind. So 349 00:20:11,119 --> 00:20:13,560 Speaker 1: Joseph left and made his way to a lodging house 350 00:20:13,600 --> 00:20:16,960 Speaker 1: in Bishop's Gate. With him gone, Mary was free to 351 00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,280 Speaker 1: open the doors of her room in Miller's Court and 352 00:20:19,359 --> 00:20:23,400 Speaker 1: provide refuge to other women. Clearly, Mary felt just how 353 00:20:23,520 --> 00:20:26,200 Speaker 1: dangerous life was for poor women in the East End. 354 00:20:26,680 --> 00:20:28,960 Speaker 1: She felt it so deeply she was willing to trade 355 00:20:28,960 --> 00:20:31,639 Speaker 1: her lover and her partner to offer what shelter she 356 00:20:31,720 --> 00:20:34,640 Speaker 1: had to her sisters in need. It was a ministry 357 00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:37,440 Speaker 1: of compassion and mercy that we can only look back 358 00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:41,400 Speaker 1: on with admiration. Of course, her door opened to other 359 00:20:41,480 --> 00:20:45,199 Speaker 1: things too, and to other people, those who came with 360 00:20:45,280 --> 00:20:49,399 Speaker 1: intentions that were much more sinister and far more evil. 361 00:20:53,160 --> 00:20:55,520 Speaker 1: There was no way he could have known, but when 362 00:20:55,600 --> 00:20:58,520 Speaker 1: Joseph stopped in to talk with Mary on a Thursday evening, 363 00:20:58,640 --> 00:21:01,000 Speaker 1: it was only hours before or she would be murdered. 364 00:21:01,920 --> 00:21:04,320 Speaker 1: It was around seven thirty at night, and Mary had 365 00:21:04,359 --> 00:21:07,399 Speaker 1: just come back from the Ten Bells Pub. At some point, 366 00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:10,080 Speaker 1: Mary and Joseph had lost the key to their little room, 367 00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:12,399 Speaker 1: so to open the door, Mary had to reach in 368 00:21:12,520 --> 00:21:15,200 Speaker 1: through the broken window and trip the spring lock from 369 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:18,239 Speaker 1: the inside. Her friend Lizzie all Brook was with her, 370 00:21:18,560 --> 00:21:21,560 Speaker 1: and when Joseph joined them, the three struck up a conversation. 371 00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:26,640 Speaker 1: He didn't stay long, maybe fifteen minutes, despite the fight 372 00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:29,280 Speaker 1: that had separated them. He said their talk was friendly. 373 00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:32,720 Speaker 1: Of course, not much about Mary's situation had changed. She 374 00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:36,120 Speaker 1: was regularly welcoming her friends in and even held onto 375 00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:39,840 Speaker 1: some of their belongings in clothing. Her Miller's courtroom was 376 00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:43,840 Speaker 1: a haven in Whitechapel. It seems Joseph would have known this. 377 00:21:45,320 --> 00:21:47,560 Speaker 1: To one journalist, he said he would stop in at 378 00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:50,920 Speaker 1: Miller's Court to talk with Mary almost every day. If 379 00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:53,120 Speaker 1: he had money, he said he would give her some, 380 00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:55,840 Speaker 1: But on that evening he told her he hadn't gotten 381 00:21:55,880 --> 00:21:58,880 Speaker 1: any work, and he apologized for coming with empty pockets. 382 00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:01,440 Speaker 1: She would have to go on earning her own keep 383 00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:05,280 Speaker 1: for now. Lizzie left the pair together, and as she 384 00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:08,480 Speaker 1: was going, Mary called out to her, whatever you do, 385 00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:10,720 Speaker 1: don't you do wrong and turn out as I have. 386 00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:13,840 Speaker 1: When Lizzie talked to the press later on, she said 387 00:22:13,880 --> 00:22:16,639 Speaker 1: Mary would often give her these warnings. Life in the 388 00:22:16,680 --> 00:22:19,119 Speaker 1: East End was hard, and with her partner out of 389 00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:22,560 Speaker 1: work and anger pushing them apart. Mary wished there was 390 00:22:22,600 --> 00:22:24,800 Speaker 1: a way for her to go back to Ireland, where 391 00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:27,640 Speaker 1: her people lived, but the money wasn't there to pave 392 00:22:27,680 --> 00:22:30,640 Speaker 1: the way toward a new life somewhere else, and those 393 00:22:30,720 --> 00:22:34,520 Speaker 1: dreams would be cut short in the coming hours. One 394 00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:36,960 Speaker 1: of her neighbors in Miller's Court was headed home about 395 00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:40,720 Speaker 1: fifteen minutes before midnight. As she turned onto Dorset Street, 396 00:22:40,760 --> 00:22:43,080 Speaker 1: she claimed she saw a couple walking in front of 397 00:22:43,080 --> 00:22:46,760 Speaker 1: her and recognized Mary, wearing a warm, practical frock under 398 00:22:46,800 --> 00:22:50,360 Speaker 1: her red shawl, headed for the same place. They ambled 399 00:22:50,359 --> 00:22:53,600 Speaker 1: into the passage together. The neighbor woman said, Mary and 400 00:22:53,640 --> 00:22:56,680 Speaker 1: her escort stepped into the little room. She called good 401 00:22:56,760 --> 00:22:59,639 Speaker 1: night to Mary, who answered back, I am going to 402 00:22:59,720 --> 00:23:03,280 Speaker 1: have a song. She said, The words were slurred. The 403 00:23:03,320 --> 00:23:06,160 Speaker 1: neighbor realized that Mary was drunk, but the man slammed 404 00:23:06,160 --> 00:23:09,000 Speaker 1: the door shut behind them. She caught a look at him, 405 00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:12,280 Speaker 1: though she guessed he was about thirty six years old. 406 00:23:12,560 --> 00:23:15,280 Speaker 1: He was stout, she said, with a blotchy face under 407 00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:19,080 Speaker 1: his black felt hat and a thick carroty mustache. His 408 00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:21,879 Speaker 1: long dark overcoat was shabby, and he had a court 409 00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:25,520 Speaker 1: can of beer. Clutched in his hand. From her own room, 410 00:23:25,560 --> 00:23:27,840 Speaker 1: the neighbor heard the sound of a song floating out 411 00:23:27,840 --> 00:23:31,119 Speaker 1: of Miller's court, and she recognized the song too, a 412 00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:34,119 Speaker 1: popular tune from the music halls. It was a song 413 00:23:34,200 --> 00:23:37,520 Speaker 1: of sorrow and nostalgia for a lost time, a violet 414 00:23:37,680 --> 00:23:41,760 Speaker 1: plucked from mother's grave. It was called something Small and Beautiful, 415 00:23:42,040 --> 00:23:45,760 Speaker 1: Held onto in the midst of Grief. A nearby flower 416 00:23:45,840 --> 00:23:48,680 Speaker 1: seller also remembered hearing this song that night as it 417 00:23:48,720 --> 00:23:51,960 Speaker 1: passed from Thursday into Friday. It was a half hour 418 00:23:52,080 --> 00:23:54,639 Speaker 1: after midnight, and she said that if her husband hadn't 419 00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:56,879 Speaker 1: stopped her, she would have banged on Mary's door and 420 00:23:56,920 --> 00:24:01,560 Speaker 1: complained it was late for drunken ballads. But it wasn't 421 00:24:01,600 --> 00:24:04,040 Speaker 1: too late for Mary Kelly. In fact, she was seen 422 00:24:04,080 --> 00:24:07,560 Speaker 1: again that night out on the street. An unemployed laborer 423 00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,760 Speaker 1: from the area named George Hutchinson recognized her standing on 424 00:24:10,800 --> 00:24:13,800 Speaker 1: a corner. In fact, the two knew each other, and 425 00:24:13,840 --> 00:24:16,439 Speaker 1: as George went by, Mary asked him to lend her 426 00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:19,560 Speaker 1: a sixpence. George had spent all of his money, though 427 00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:22,520 Speaker 1: he didn't have anything to lend her or anything to 428 00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:27,119 Speaker 1: pay for her services. Mary was disappointed, but there was 429 00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:29,840 Speaker 1: another man on the streets, a man George had walked 430 00:24:29,840 --> 00:24:32,320 Speaker 1: by earlier, who was wearing a felt hat pulled down 431 00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:35,680 Speaker 1: over his eyes. So far, George hadn't paid any attention 432 00:24:35,760 --> 00:24:38,199 Speaker 1: to the man. He was just someone standing in the 433 00:24:38,240 --> 00:24:42,560 Speaker 1: street now, though George watched Mary walk toward him. The 434 00:24:42,600 --> 00:24:45,239 Speaker 1: two exchanged a few words before they threw back their 435 00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:48,280 Speaker 1: heads in quiet laughter. Then George saw the man put 436 00:24:48,320 --> 00:24:51,200 Speaker 1: his arm around Mary's shoulders and set off with her 437 00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:55,440 Speaker 1: toward the room at Miller's Court. They had to pass George, 438 00:24:55,480 --> 00:24:58,240 Speaker 1: though as they went by. Something made him lean down 439 00:24:58,320 --> 00:25:00,240 Speaker 1: and try to get a look at the man's ace. 440 00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:03,520 Speaker 1: The look that George got back was a stern glare, 441 00:25:03,760 --> 00:25:06,640 Speaker 1: so stern that George felt compelled to follow the pair 442 00:25:06,840 --> 00:25:09,640 Speaker 1: from a distance, and he took note of the man's appearance. 443 00:25:09,960 --> 00:25:12,440 Speaker 1: He had a dark mustache that curled up at the ends, 444 00:25:12,720 --> 00:25:15,680 Speaker 1: button boots and a black necktie, and a heavy gold 445 00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:18,720 Speaker 1: chain that dangled from his waistcoat. In his right hand, 446 00:25:18,720 --> 00:25:21,399 Speaker 1: he was carrying a pair of brown kid gloves even 447 00:25:21,440 --> 00:25:24,440 Speaker 1: as he draped it over Mary's shoulder. Under his arm 448 00:25:24,560 --> 00:25:27,600 Speaker 1: he had a small parcel. It was about eight inches long. 449 00:25:27,640 --> 00:25:31,280 Speaker 1: George guest covered in what he called a dark American cloth, 450 00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:35,800 Speaker 1: bundled together with a strap. George followed until a pair 451 00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:39,440 Speaker 1: disappeared into Miller's court. He decided to wait until they 452 00:25:39,480 --> 00:25:42,679 Speaker 1: came out again. So wait he did. In fact, he 453 00:25:42,680 --> 00:25:45,560 Speaker 1: waited until the clock of the White Chapel Church struck three, 454 00:25:46,160 --> 00:25:50,840 Speaker 1: but no one reappeared. Tired of waiting and watching, George 455 00:25:50,880 --> 00:25:55,280 Speaker 1: moved on, and then it started to rain. In the 456 00:25:55,359 --> 00:25:58,119 Speaker 1: dark hours that followed, a single cry went up in 457 00:25:58,200 --> 00:26:01,280 Speaker 1: Miller's court. Two of the neighbor is remembered hearing the 458 00:26:01,359 --> 00:26:05,680 Speaker 1: single words split the dark, followed by silence. They assumed 459 00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:08,800 Speaker 1: it was some fearful passer by a drunk shout to 460 00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:12,399 Speaker 1: be ignored. But they were wrong. It seems it was 461 00:26:12,440 --> 00:26:16,879 Speaker 1: Mary's last testimony of her life. With her very last breath, 462 00:26:17,240 --> 00:26:26,080 Speaker 1: she cried out a single word, murder. The room that 463 00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:29,639 Speaker 1: Mary had rented with Joseph was small, about twelve ft square. 464 00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:33,000 Speaker 1: The furniture came with the place and belonged to the landlord. 465 00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:36,560 Speaker 1: A bed and washstand that stood in as a bedside table, 466 00:26:36,800 --> 00:26:39,960 Speaker 1: a small table, and a single chair. We already know 467 00:26:40,119 --> 00:26:44,040 Speaker 1: what it cost four shillings a week when he walked 468 00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:47,080 Speaker 1: into Miller's court on Friday morning. Thomas Boyer knew how 469 00:26:47,119 --> 00:26:50,080 Speaker 1: many times that four shillings had failed to appear. He 470 00:26:50,200 --> 00:26:53,520 Speaker 1: was there on behalf of the landlord to collect Mary 471 00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:56,399 Speaker 1: Kelly owed twenty nine shillings, and it wasn't like she 472 00:26:56,520 --> 00:26:58,840 Speaker 1: was knocking on the landlord's door to hand it over, 473 00:26:59,320 --> 00:27:03,440 Speaker 1: so he sent Thomas to do the knocking. He pounded 474 00:27:03,480 --> 00:27:06,119 Speaker 1: his fist on the door and got no answer. It 475 00:27:06,200 --> 00:27:08,760 Speaker 1: was around ten thirty in the morning, so he decided 476 00:27:08,800 --> 00:27:11,360 Speaker 1: to step inside and see what he could see. When 477 00:27:11,359 --> 00:27:13,760 Speaker 1: he tried the latch, though, he found the door was locked, 478 00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:16,480 Speaker 1: so he knocked again, then leaned over and put his 479 00:27:16,520 --> 00:27:18,879 Speaker 1: eye to the keyhole, but it didn't give him a 480 00:27:18,920 --> 00:27:22,159 Speaker 1: good view of the room. When he stepped back, Thomas 481 00:27:22,160 --> 00:27:25,800 Speaker 1: Bowyer realized the window was broken. He could just reach inside, 482 00:27:26,200 --> 00:27:28,680 Speaker 1: so he stepped forward and pulled back the old coat 483 00:27:28,760 --> 00:27:31,040 Speaker 1: that was hanging in the window frame as a curtain 484 00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:33,840 Speaker 1: to block the draft, and that's when he saw two 485 00:27:33,880 --> 00:27:36,960 Speaker 1: pieces of flesh that were resting on Mary's bedside table. 486 00:27:37,600 --> 00:27:40,879 Speaker 1: Then he looked to Mary's bed and found blood pooling 487 00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:43,520 Speaker 1: around it on the floor, and he saw what the 488 00:27:43,640 --> 00:27:48,680 Speaker 1: killer had done to Mary. Thomas rushed back to the landlord. 489 00:27:49,040 --> 00:27:51,080 Speaker 1: He would later tell the corner that he went as 490 00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:53,960 Speaker 1: quietly as he could. The man who owned the property 491 00:27:54,040 --> 00:27:56,280 Speaker 1: ran a small grocery out of the front of the building, 492 00:27:56,359 --> 00:27:58,960 Speaker 1: and Thomas found him in the shop and told him 493 00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:02,080 Speaker 1: what he had seen. Together they set out for the 494 00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:04,840 Speaker 1: police station, and we can be sure that with every 495 00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:07,919 Speaker 1: step they felt the growing weight of history. One of 496 00:28:07,960 --> 00:28:09,880 Speaker 1: the officers who was at the station when the men 497 00:28:09,960 --> 00:28:12,800 Speaker 1: arrived said Thomas's eyes were bulging out of his head, 498 00:28:13,119 --> 00:28:15,480 Speaker 1: and he was so terrified that he could hardly speak. 499 00:28:16,760 --> 00:28:20,840 Speaker 1: Two inspectors went together and followed Thomas's example. First they 500 00:28:20,880 --> 00:28:23,320 Speaker 1: tried the lock door, then one of them pushed the 501 00:28:23,359 --> 00:28:26,520 Speaker 1: old code aside. When he looked in, he saw what 502 00:28:26,640 --> 00:28:31,120 Speaker 1: sent him reeling. For God's sake, don't look, he choked out, 503 00:28:32,119 --> 00:28:34,800 Speaker 1: but the second officer ignored him and stepped forward to 504 00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:38,240 Speaker 1: glance inside. When he later wrote his memoirs, the inspector 505 00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:41,520 Speaker 1: said that what he saw was unprintable. The body on 506 00:28:41,560 --> 00:28:44,760 Speaker 1: the bed was cut to pieces. Mary's face and the 507 00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:47,920 Speaker 1: front of her body had all been carved away except 508 00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:50,680 Speaker 1: for her eyes. The inspector said that they were the 509 00:28:50,720 --> 00:28:55,520 Speaker 1: site that remained with him most vividly. When Joseph Barnett 510 00:28:55,560 --> 00:28:57,840 Speaker 1: would later identify the body, he said it was only 511 00:28:57,880 --> 00:29:00,480 Speaker 1: by the eyes and ears that he recognized me Ry. 512 00:29:00,520 --> 00:29:04,560 Speaker 1: The rest of her body had been monstrously mutilated beyond recognition. 513 00:29:05,840 --> 00:29:09,960 Speaker 1: The inspectors telegraphed Scotland Yard and sent constables running with messages, 514 00:29:10,360 --> 00:29:12,760 Speaker 1: and one of them remembered the plans that Charles Warren 515 00:29:12,800 --> 00:29:17,040 Speaker 1: had put into place. He sent for the bloodhounds. Soon enough, 516 00:29:17,120 --> 00:29:19,800 Speaker 1: both ends of Dorset Street were blocked. The entrance to 517 00:29:19,840 --> 00:29:22,680 Speaker 1: Miller's Court was put under guard. The call went out 518 00:29:22,720 --> 00:29:25,280 Speaker 1: for the surgeons to come view the body, and they 519 00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:28,280 Speaker 1: did come. Dr Phillips was the first to get the message, 520 00:29:28,520 --> 00:29:31,040 Speaker 1: and he was just a few minutes away. He arrived 521 00:29:31,080 --> 00:29:34,440 Speaker 1: at eleven fifteen that morning. The door was still locked. 522 00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:37,840 Speaker 1: He made a simple assessment of Mary's mutilated body through 523 00:29:37,880 --> 00:29:42,440 Speaker 1: the window and then waited with the other officers. Inspector 524 00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:46,520 Speaker 1: Aberline arrived a few minutes later. Inspectors and constables all 525 00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:49,160 Speaker 1: milled in the open space. They were waiting for the 526 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:52,360 Speaker 1: dogs and keeping the scene in the room undisturbed until 527 00:29:52,440 --> 00:29:55,800 Speaker 1: their man hunters could come and catch the scent so 528 00:29:55,880 --> 00:30:01,000 Speaker 1: they waited and waited. Two hours passed before another police 529 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:04,200 Speaker 1: inspector arrived on the scene. He informed Aberleine and the 530 00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:06,560 Speaker 1: others that the order to send bloodhounds to the site 531 00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:10,360 Speaker 1: had been overturned. They had waited for nothing and time 532 00:30:10,520 --> 00:30:13,240 Speaker 1: was passing by then. The group was so impatient that 533 00:30:13,280 --> 00:30:16,560 Speaker 1: they demanded the landlord opened the door immediately. Of course, 534 00:30:16,600 --> 00:30:19,280 Speaker 1: the key was gone. He fetched a pick axe and 535 00:30:19,440 --> 00:30:22,400 Speaker 1: levered it against the jam until under the strain the 536 00:30:22,440 --> 00:30:26,240 Speaker 1: door leapt open, smashing into the bedside table as it opened. 537 00:30:26,280 --> 00:30:30,640 Speaker 1: Onto the brutal scene. Dr Phillips was followed by Dr Brown, 538 00:30:30,720 --> 00:30:33,520 Speaker 1: the surgeon from the London City Police who had examined 539 00:30:33,560 --> 00:30:37,320 Speaker 1: Catherine Etto's body and suggested that perhaps a butcher would 540 00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:40,720 Speaker 1: have carried out the mutilations, and then Dr Thomas Bond 541 00:30:40,800 --> 00:30:43,960 Speaker 1: arrived too at around two pm, just after the head 542 00:30:43,960 --> 00:30:47,200 Speaker 1: of Scotland Yard. The men took down, in medical detail, 543 00:30:47,280 --> 00:30:51,040 Speaker 1: a horrifying catalog of violence to Mary's body, her face 544 00:30:51,160 --> 00:30:54,600 Speaker 1: gashed in all directions, every cut to the bone, every 545 00:30:54,720 --> 00:30:57,440 Speaker 1: organ that had been slashed out and placed around her 546 00:30:57,480 --> 00:31:00,360 Speaker 1: in the bed, and when a photographer arrived, he took 547 00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:03,000 Speaker 1: the photograph that would survive down through the years in 548 00:31:03,040 --> 00:31:06,360 Speaker 1: the police files, offering a glimpse of the stomach, turning 549 00:31:06,400 --> 00:31:11,560 Speaker 1: horror to later investigators. The first to examine Mary's body 550 00:31:11,600 --> 00:31:14,640 Speaker 1: found that she was very cold. The doctors estimated that 551 00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:17,160 Speaker 1: she had been dead for hours. The horse cart to 552 00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:20,080 Speaker 1: move the body arrived just before four in the afternoon. 553 00:31:20,520 --> 00:31:22,680 Speaker 1: Crowds of people who had caught wind of the news 554 00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:25,880 Speaker 1: rushed the police cordons at the ends of Dorset Street. 555 00:31:26,880 --> 00:31:29,160 Speaker 1: The writer for the time said that they were of 556 00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:32,160 Speaker 1: the humblest cast, But as they came near the cart 557 00:31:32,320 --> 00:31:35,680 Speaker 1: and its cargo, men pulled off their ragged caps. The 558 00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:39,120 Speaker 1: women of the neighborhood pushed closer, and the reporter noticed 559 00:31:39,200 --> 00:31:41,920 Speaker 1: that even as the cloth was draped over the rough 560 00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:45,040 Speaker 1: wooden coffin that held Mary's remains, and it rolled out 561 00:31:45,120 --> 00:31:49,600 Speaker 1: of Miller's Court, deep feelings moved through them. Another of 562 00:31:49,640 --> 00:31:54,479 Speaker 1: their own had died, and the women of Dorset Street wept. 563 00:31:58,400 --> 00:32:02,520 Speaker 1: It was Aberline who did the questioning. George Hutchinson came 564 00:32:02,560 --> 00:32:07,160 Speaker 1: forward himself to the Commercial Street police station. Under Aberleine's eye, 565 00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:10,240 Speaker 1: he described his observations of the night Mary Kelly died. 566 00:32:10,640 --> 00:32:13,480 Speaker 1: George told the inspector that he was surprised to see 567 00:32:13,520 --> 00:32:17,760 Speaker 1: such a well dressed man in Mary's company. His testimony 568 00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:21,800 Speaker 1: about the man with the dark mustache struck Aberline as important, 569 00:32:22,280 --> 00:32:24,600 Speaker 1: and what's more, he wrote in his report that he 570 00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:28,240 Speaker 1: believed the statement was true. In fact, Aberline found Hutchinson 571 00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:31,840 Speaker 1: so convincing that he sent two officers to patrol Whitechapel 572 00:32:32,040 --> 00:32:34,680 Speaker 1: with Hutchinson that night to see if they could find 573 00:32:34,720 --> 00:32:38,880 Speaker 1: the curled mustache. Again. It was back to the same 574 00:32:38,880 --> 00:32:42,240 Speaker 1: old techniques, pounding the pavement looking for a needle in 575 00:32:42,240 --> 00:32:46,520 Speaker 1: a haystack. Of course, questions persisted. Aberleine wanted to pursue 576 00:32:46,560 --> 00:32:49,440 Speaker 1: Hutchinson's lead. What about the man that the other neighbor 577 00:32:49,480 --> 00:32:51,760 Speaker 1: had seen, the one with the blotchy face and the 578 00:32:51,840 --> 00:32:55,840 Speaker 1: charity mustache. The police and the press took her seriously too, 579 00:32:55,880 --> 00:33:00,040 Speaker 1: and she gave her testimony at Mary Kelly's inquest and 580 00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:04,200 Speaker 1: there were arrests made too. Eberleine said several people were detained. 581 00:33:04,480 --> 00:33:08,520 Speaker 1: Hutchinson and Barnett were both carefully questioned, but he wrote 582 00:33:08,880 --> 00:33:11,680 Speaker 1: everyone had been able to account for their movements that night, 583 00:33:12,200 --> 00:33:14,840 Speaker 1: and when the questions ran out and no answers came, 584 00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:17,920 Speaker 1: they were released. Any plans that had been laid came 585 00:33:17,920 --> 00:33:20,920 Speaker 1: to nothing. The dogs that had been kenneled and Whitechapel 586 00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:24,920 Speaker 1: were never used. The detectives had neither solved nor prevented 587 00:33:25,160 --> 00:33:29,400 Speaker 1: one of the most monstrous crimes in British history. It 588 00:33:29,480 --> 00:33:32,760 Speaker 1: was felt as far away as Scotland, where Queen Victoria 589 00:33:32,880 --> 00:33:36,080 Speaker 1: was holding court at bell Moral. News of Mary's death 590 00:33:36,120 --> 00:33:38,520 Speaker 1: reached her the day after the killing, and it must 591 00:33:38,520 --> 00:33:41,680 Speaker 1: have been described in some detail. She sent a telegraph 592 00:33:41,680 --> 00:33:44,680 Speaker 1: to the Prime Minister and it buzzed with her displeasure. 593 00:33:45,040 --> 00:33:48,959 Speaker 1: This new, most ghastly murder, she wrote, shows the absolute 594 00:33:49,000 --> 00:33:53,000 Speaker 1: necessity for some very decided action. All these courts must 595 00:33:53,040 --> 00:33:57,160 Speaker 1: be lits and our detectives improved. If that wasn't clear enough, 596 00:33:57,240 --> 00:34:00,239 Speaker 1: the Queen doubled down on the detectives and wrote, are 597 00:34:00,320 --> 00:34:04,640 Speaker 1: not what they should be. A displeased monarch and a 598 00:34:04,720 --> 00:34:08,279 Speaker 1: displeased people. The detectives at Scotland Yard were in over 599 00:34:08,320 --> 00:34:11,480 Speaker 1: their heads, but with Charles Warren leaving his post, there 600 00:34:11,520 --> 00:34:14,400 Speaker 1: was now a chance to make another change to London's police. 601 00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:18,000 Speaker 1: The Home Secretary put forward his man once again, and 602 00:34:18,080 --> 00:34:22,759 Speaker 1: James Monroe grabbed the reins that didn't leave everyone convinced, though. 603 00:34:23,200 --> 00:34:26,799 Speaker 1: For journalists unfamiliar with Warren's fight against the Home Secretary, 604 00:34:27,120 --> 00:34:30,240 Speaker 1: his resignation on the day of Mary Kelly's murder seemed 605 00:34:30,280 --> 00:34:33,200 Speaker 1: like a clear admission that the police were incapable of 606 00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:36,320 Speaker 1: the task, and this was the time that journalists also 607 00:34:36,360 --> 00:34:39,040 Speaker 1: began to make note of just how many officers had 608 00:34:39,120 --> 00:34:42,520 Speaker 1: vacated their posts for summer holiday when the murders began. 609 00:34:44,040 --> 00:34:46,440 Speaker 1: On November twelve, one man who had been a member 610 00:34:46,440 --> 00:34:48,960 Speaker 1: of the White Chapel Vigilance Committee wrote to the Evening 611 00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:51,440 Speaker 1: News to suggest that no matter who took over at 612 00:34:51,480 --> 00:34:54,400 Speaker 1: Scotland Yard, the police could no longer be trusted with 613 00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:57,399 Speaker 1: the investigation of the crimes. He looked to the other 614 00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:02,240 Speaker 1: armies in Whitechapel, the Salvation Army and those like them, 615 00:35:02,239 --> 00:35:04,840 Speaker 1: and he wanted to start something like a recruiting drive. 616 00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:08,400 Speaker 1: Surely a body of matrons from the West end of London, 617 00:35:08,480 --> 00:35:11,879 Speaker 1: he wrote, of all classes, the higher the better, might 618 00:35:11,960 --> 00:35:14,440 Speaker 1: meet a body of matrons from the East End and 619 00:35:14,520 --> 00:35:17,640 Speaker 1: take common counsel for the relief of their airing sisters. 620 00:35:18,560 --> 00:35:21,440 Speaker 1: There was, as we might expect, a pinch of Charles 621 00:35:21,440 --> 00:35:24,640 Speaker 1: Warren's victim blaming in his note to his eyes, the 622 00:35:24,680 --> 00:35:27,600 Speaker 1: trouble was the women that the murderer was targeting, and 623 00:35:27,640 --> 00:35:30,920 Speaker 1: the solution was better more respectable women to step in 624 00:35:31,080 --> 00:35:35,280 Speaker 1: and shape them up. The police were failing, the man's 625 00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:39,080 Speaker 1: vigilance committee had failed. Maybe there was something that respectable 626 00:35:39,080 --> 00:35:42,520 Speaker 1: women could do. He was even less ambitious than activist 627 00:35:42,520 --> 00:35:45,920 Speaker 1: Francis power Cob. She had already suggested that a fleet 628 00:35:45,960 --> 00:35:48,640 Speaker 1: of women detectives would actually be able to solve the 629 00:35:48,680 --> 00:35:51,799 Speaker 1: case and catch the killer where Scotland Yard had come 630 00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:55,120 Speaker 1: up short. After all, as the feminists of the day 631 00:35:55,200 --> 00:35:57,600 Speaker 1: knew well, women were more willing to talk with each 632 00:35:57,600 --> 00:36:00,600 Speaker 1: other than to answer the probing questions of Scotland Yards 633 00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:04,520 Speaker 1: baton wielding sergeants, and the police were already casting around 634 00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:08,279 Speaker 1: for better answers. A keen eyed woman might do as well, 635 00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:12,759 Speaker 1: she wrote, as those keen nosed bloodhounds. And in many 636 00:36:12,800 --> 00:36:15,799 Speaker 1: ways she was right. Women in the East End were 637 00:36:15,840 --> 00:36:18,359 Speaker 1: already hard at work doing for themselves, but no one 638 00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:21,200 Speaker 1: else would do. Of course, as we've seen over and 639 00:36:21,320 --> 00:36:24,600 Speaker 1: over so far, it wasn't the respectable women who were 640 00:36:24,640 --> 00:36:29,240 Speaker 1: making life more secure in Whitechapel, but Whitechapel women weren't 641 00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:33,080 Speaker 1: making history. They had already identified their true foes, and 642 00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:34,839 Speaker 1: they were doing battle with them in a way no 643 00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:38,600 Speaker 1: one had expected. After all, white phosphorus had killed more 644 00:36:38,640 --> 00:36:42,040 Speaker 1: women than the murderer's knife ever could. And when Fossey 645 00:36:42,160 --> 00:36:45,280 Speaker 1: Jaw wasn't taking their health and their lives, the factory 646 00:36:45,320 --> 00:36:49,320 Speaker 1: bosses were squeezing their paychecks. Yes, a killer was cutting 647 00:36:49,360 --> 00:36:52,799 Speaker 1: East End women apart, following the most vile impulses of 648 00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:56,480 Speaker 1: his imagination. But East End women were pulling together in 649 00:36:56,520 --> 00:37:00,360 Speaker 1: ways they never had before. Here's Dr Louise Raw to 650 00:37:00,440 --> 00:37:03,359 Speaker 1: tell us more. And the union was so busy because 651 00:37:03,360 --> 00:37:07,080 Speaker 1: you see, they didn't rest on their laurels. They kept unionizing. 652 00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:10,680 Speaker 1: They kept taking the message to other groups of workers. 653 00:37:10,719 --> 00:37:14,320 Speaker 1: So the girls that worked in nearby confectionary factors, the 654 00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:18,920 Speaker 1: sweetie girls who worked in jam factories, the wives of 655 00:37:19,040 --> 00:37:22,839 Speaker 1: eastern dockers, they were constantly having meetings and trying to 656 00:37:22,960 --> 00:37:27,120 Speaker 1: unionize them as well. And there was a really amusing 657 00:37:27,120 --> 00:37:31,120 Speaker 1: account from one of the leagues of mother class women, 658 00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:35,600 Speaker 1: philanthropic women who were trying to organize working class women, 659 00:37:35,600 --> 00:37:38,440 Speaker 1: but in a bit of a middle class top down 660 00:37:38,440 --> 00:37:41,000 Speaker 1: where we didn't always go down very well with the 661 00:37:41,040 --> 00:37:44,000 Speaker 1: women themselves. But they recorded at the time that they 662 00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:47,719 Speaker 1: were absolutely worn out with these match women because they 663 00:37:47,800 --> 00:37:50,400 Speaker 1: kept coming to them and saying, all right, um, we 664 00:37:50,480 --> 00:37:52,239 Speaker 1: want you to help us, because we want to have 665 00:37:52,239 --> 00:37:55,600 Speaker 1: another union meeting please with the jam Factory girls. And 666 00:37:55,680 --> 00:37:57,920 Speaker 1: we'd like you to help us find a venue please, 667 00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:00,680 Speaker 1: and then we would like tea and cakes. Um would 668 00:38:00,719 --> 00:38:03,400 Speaker 1: like some Irish music. And they're like, oh my god, 669 00:38:03,440 --> 00:38:05,200 Speaker 1: you know, I've got to try and find an Irish musician. 670 00:38:05,239 --> 00:38:08,640 Speaker 1: How it short noticed, But I love this idea of 671 00:38:08,680 --> 00:38:12,240 Speaker 1: a union meeting that involves t and kach and Irish dancing. 672 00:38:12,360 --> 00:38:15,920 Speaker 1: How fantastic. But even as the press and the police 673 00:38:16,040 --> 00:38:19,040 Speaker 1: leaned into the darkness, even as they focused on the 674 00:38:19,120 --> 00:38:22,240 Speaker 1: murderer and made the most vicious London or the loudest 675 00:38:22,239 --> 00:38:25,680 Speaker 1: story in the Empire, other things were afoot, and the 676 00:38:25,760 --> 00:38:28,640 Speaker 1: Match Factory women weren't content to wallow in the same 677 00:38:28,719 --> 00:38:33,880 Speaker 1: fear that paralyzed their wealthy neighbors. Neglected by the nation storytellers, 678 00:38:33,920 --> 00:38:37,439 Speaker 1: the match women nevertheless said about building something much more 679 00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:41,040 Speaker 1: powerful than the story of Jack the Ripper. And it 680 00:38:41,120 --> 00:38:42,960 Speaker 1: was a case that the women of the East End 681 00:38:43,760 --> 00:38:50,439 Speaker 1: had already cracked wide open. The surgeons all agreed Dr 682 00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:52,760 Speaker 1: Thomas Bond would be the one to write their report. 683 00:38:53,960 --> 00:38:56,520 Speaker 1: He was joined in the Shortitch mortuary by all of 684 00:38:56,560 --> 00:38:59,080 Speaker 1: the doctors who had come to Miller's court, and they 685 00:38:59,120 --> 00:39:01,800 Speaker 1: even added the police surgeon for the White Chapel Division, 686 00:39:01,960 --> 00:39:06,200 Speaker 1: Dr Dukes. Together, this small parliament of surgeons conducted the 687 00:39:06,239 --> 00:39:10,080 Speaker 1: autopsy of Mary Kelly on Saturday afternoon, the day after 688 00:39:10,160 --> 00:39:13,319 Speaker 1: her murder, and it brought together every medical mind that 689 00:39:13,400 --> 00:39:16,920 Speaker 1: had considered the case. The work took them two and 690 00:39:16,920 --> 00:39:19,879 Speaker 1: a half hours. Once they had discussed the job, they 691 00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:23,480 Speaker 1: divided the duties up. Dr Phillips prepared to present their 692 00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:26,760 Speaker 1: findings at the coroner's inquest. Dr Bond, who had already 693 00:39:26,760 --> 00:39:29,319 Speaker 1: been commissioned to assess the White Chapel murders as a 694 00:39:29,320 --> 00:39:32,080 Speaker 1: whole with a report to the police, agreed to write 695 00:39:32,120 --> 00:39:35,160 Speaker 1: a specific report on the details of Mary Kelly's death. 696 00:39:35,800 --> 00:39:37,920 Speaker 1: What he wrote took into account the work of his 697 00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:41,480 Speaker 1: fellow surgeons. There was Dr phillips first guess that the 698 00:39:41,560 --> 00:39:44,600 Speaker 1: killer brought some sort of medical background to his crimes, 699 00:39:44,920 --> 00:39:48,160 Speaker 1: and there was Dr Brown's suggestion that perhaps the vicious 700 00:39:48,160 --> 00:39:50,799 Speaker 1: hacking at Katherine Etto's body betrayed the work of a 701 00:39:50,960 --> 00:39:54,360 Speaker 1: butcher or slaughter man, but taken together with the deaths 702 00:39:54,360 --> 00:39:57,560 Speaker 1: of Liz Stride and Polly Nichols, Dr Bond came to 703 00:39:57,680 --> 00:40:01,399 Speaker 1: a different conclusion. Here's Adam would to tell us more. 704 00:40:01,880 --> 00:40:05,280 Speaker 1: In his report to the tenth of November, on concluded 705 00:40:05,280 --> 00:40:07,440 Speaker 1: that all five had been killed by the same hand, 706 00:40:07,680 --> 00:40:09,880 Speaker 1: with the fruit cut from left to right being the 707 00:40:09,920 --> 00:40:14,200 Speaker 1: first attack while the women were lying down. The mutilations 708 00:40:14,200 --> 00:40:16,840 Speaker 1: were carried out after death, and he believed a murderer 709 00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:19,440 Speaker 1: did not have anatomical knowledge, not even to the degree 710 00:40:19,440 --> 00:40:22,920 Speaker 1: of a butcher. He said the knife was that commit 711 00:40:23,560 --> 00:40:26,200 Speaker 1: carried out the mutilations, was at least six years long, 712 00:40:26,560 --> 00:40:29,360 Speaker 1: with a sharp point, such as a butcher's or surgeon's knife. 713 00:40:30,760 --> 00:40:33,279 Speaker 1: And he went on from there too. The last two 714 00:40:33,320 --> 00:40:36,840 Speaker 1: sections of Dr Byrd's report collected the thoughts and speculations 715 00:40:36,880 --> 00:40:39,799 Speaker 1: of the other examiners and coroners who had endeavored to 716 00:40:39,800 --> 00:40:43,439 Speaker 1: come up with a criminal profile. Reflecting these ideas through 717 00:40:43,520 --> 00:40:47,120 Speaker 1: his own perspective, Dr Bond offered the Metropolitan Police his 718 00:40:47,239 --> 00:40:51,000 Speaker 1: own perspective on the killer's character. Bond said that he 719 00:40:51,080 --> 00:40:55,160 Speaker 1: worked alone it was likely to be ordinary looking, probably 720 00:40:55,600 --> 00:40:59,000 Speaker 1: middle aged, and neatly dressed. Bond wrote, he must be 721 00:40:59,080 --> 00:41:02,000 Speaker 1: in the habit of wearing a cloak or overcoat, and 722 00:41:02,080 --> 00:41:04,719 Speaker 1: he could hardly have escaped notice in the streets if 723 00:41:04,760 --> 00:41:08,000 Speaker 1: the blood on his clothes or hands were visible, and 724 00:41:08,200 --> 00:41:11,560 Speaker 1: he would be and I quote solitary and eccentric in 725 00:41:11,680 --> 00:41:16,920 Speaker 1: his habits, and likely without regular occupation. And finally, Bond 726 00:41:16,960 --> 00:41:21,080 Speaker 1: guests that the murderer might even live among respectable persons 727 00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:23,920 Speaker 1: who have some knowledge of his character and habits, and 728 00:41:23,960 --> 00:41:26,520 Speaker 1: who may have grounds for suspicion that he is not 729 00:41:26,680 --> 00:41:30,160 Speaker 1: quite right in his mind at times. In signing off, 730 00:41:30,360 --> 00:41:32,960 Speaker 1: Dr Bond made the suggestion that the prospects of a 731 00:41:33,000 --> 00:41:36,799 Speaker 1: reward might overcome the trouble or notoriety that could be 732 00:41:36,920 --> 00:41:40,680 Speaker 1: keeping back informants from turning in their man. It was 733 00:41:40,719 --> 00:41:43,600 Speaker 1: a measured sketch of the killer, and while it took 734 00:41:43,640 --> 00:41:47,000 Speaker 1: pains to overturn the earlier stabs that identification from the 735 00:41:47,040 --> 00:41:50,719 Speaker 1: other doctors, it did little to narrow the search. It 736 00:41:50,800 --> 00:41:54,120 Speaker 1: was nearly a declaration that unless there was someone who 737 00:41:54,120 --> 00:41:56,719 Speaker 1: could be moved to turn in the murderer, a man 738 00:41:56,760 --> 00:42:00,839 Speaker 1: would never be caught. But with London turn on one 739 00:42:00,840 --> 00:42:04,040 Speaker 1: of their own, just as the killer had turned on London. 740 00:42:04,680 --> 00:42:06,720 Speaker 1: It was a question that would have been on many 741 00:42:06,800 --> 00:42:09,720 Speaker 1: minds a week later, when Mary Kelly's body was carried 742 00:42:09,760 --> 00:42:12,960 Speaker 1: to the churchyard of St Leonard's and Shortitch, the parish 743 00:42:13,040 --> 00:42:16,160 Speaker 1: clerk was also keeper of the Shortitch mortuary, and he 744 00:42:16,200 --> 00:42:18,479 Speaker 1: had prepared to lay Mary to rest to the best 745 00:42:18,520 --> 00:42:22,120 Speaker 1: of his ability. No wealthy relatives appeared from Cardiff to 746 00:42:22,120 --> 00:42:25,319 Speaker 1: pay for Mary's burial, but the mortuary keeper decided not 747 00:42:25,400 --> 00:42:29,520 Speaker 1: to let her slip into a pauper's grave. In death, 748 00:42:29,600 --> 00:42:33,120 Speaker 1: Mary received what life never gave her, a polished elm 749 00:42:33,160 --> 00:42:36,719 Speaker 1: and oak coffin gleamed on its metal mounts under ornaments 750 00:42:36,719 --> 00:42:40,640 Speaker 1: of artificial flowers. Two horses drew the open carriage through 751 00:42:40,640 --> 00:42:44,080 Speaker 1: the enormous crowd that assembled in the thoroughfare. As it 752 00:42:44,160 --> 00:42:47,239 Speaker 1: rolled by, the carts was covered with cards. As the 753 00:42:47,320 --> 00:42:50,760 Speaker 1: church bell rang out the noon hour, four pall bearers 754 00:42:50,760 --> 00:42:54,160 Speaker 1: lifted the caskets and carried it into the cemetery. Hands 755 00:42:54,160 --> 00:42:56,960 Speaker 1: reached out from every side to touch the polished box 756 00:42:57,000 --> 00:42:59,640 Speaker 1: as it went by, and again the sound of weeping 757 00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:03,880 Speaker 1: wept through the crowd. Joseph followed, and despite all the 758 00:43:03,960 --> 00:43:06,960 Speaker 1: questions that remained unanswered, He did the least that he 759 00:43:07,000 --> 00:43:09,920 Speaker 1: could do. He joined the men and women of the 760 00:43:09,920 --> 00:43:18,000 Speaker 1: East End to lay married, to rest with dignity. That's 761 00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:22,040 Speaker 1: it for this week's episode of Unobscured. Stick around after 762 00:43:22,120 --> 00:43:25,120 Speaker 1: this short sponsor break for a preview of what's in 763 00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:33,680 Speaker 1: store for next week. The arguments swirled back and forth 764 00:43:33,800 --> 00:43:37,080 Speaker 1: through the causes and consequences of the murders. What could 765 00:43:37,080 --> 00:43:39,800 Speaker 1: the Home Office do about the East Ends lodging houses 766 00:43:39,920 --> 00:43:43,880 Speaker 1: with their cramped conditions housing crowds of unknown persons? What 767 00:43:43,960 --> 00:43:46,480 Speaker 1: could the Home Office do to stop the police from 768 00:43:46,480 --> 00:43:49,000 Speaker 1: publishing the names of suspects who turned out to have 769 00:43:49,120 --> 00:43:51,880 Speaker 1: no connection to the murders but were stained with a 770 00:43:51,920 --> 00:43:56,319 Speaker 1: connection to Jack the Ripper. When all the questions were asked, though, 771 00:43:56,640 --> 00:44:00,320 Speaker 1: Parliament would be left unsatisfied. They could demand the afture 772 00:44:00,360 --> 00:44:03,160 Speaker 1: of the killer. Sure, they could demand a change. But 773 00:44:03,239 --> 00:44:05,960 Speaker 1: even after Charles Warren stepped away from his post and 774 00:44:06,080 --> 00:44:08,799 Speaker 1: James Monroe stepped out from his shadowy corner of the 775 00:44:08,840 --> 00:44:12,440 Speaker 1: Home Office to take command, Home Secretary Matthews had nothing 776 00:44:12,480 --> 00:44:15,400 Speaker 1: more to give them. Like the police of the world's 777 00:44:15,480 --> 00:44:18,960 Speaker 1: largest city, the government of the world's most commanding empire 778 00:44:19,520 --> 00:44:22,480 Speaker 1: was at a loss because the answers to their questions 779 00:44:23,440 --> 00:44:42,640 Speaker 1: just weren't there. Unobscured was created by me Aaron Manky 780 00:44:42,800 --> 00:44:46,040 Speaker 1: and produced by Matt Frederick, Alex Williams, and Josh Thane 781 00:44:46,160 --> 00:44:49,560 Speaker 1: in partnership with I Heart Radio. Research and writing for 782 00:44:49,600 --> 00:44:51,719 Speaker 1: this season is all the work of my right hand 783 00:44:51,760 --> 00:44:55,000 Speaker 1: man Carl Nellis, and the brilliant Chad Lawson composed the 784 00:44:55,000 --> 00:44:59,320 Speaker 1: brand new soundtrack. Learn more about our contributing historians, source 785 00:44:59,400 --> 00:45:02,560 Speaker 1: material and links to our other shows over at history 786 00:45:02,600 --> 00:45:07,560 Speaker 1: unobscured dot com, and until next time, thanks for listening. 787 00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:17,560 Speaker 1: Unobscured is a production of I Heart Radio and Aaron Benkey. 788 00:45:17,840 --> 00:45:20,359 Speaker 1: For more podcasts for my heart Radio, visit I heart Radio, app, 789 00:45:20,440 --> 00:45:22,920 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.