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Speaker 1: On February, the world lost one of the most extraordinary

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Speaker 1: people I've ever known, Dr Paul Farmer. As co founder

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Speaker 1: of the global health and social justice organization Partners and Health,

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Speaker 1: Paul fundamentally changed the way health care is delivered in

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Speaker 1: many of the most impoverished places on Earth. Along the way,

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Speaker 1: his fine mind, big heart, and relentless and fectious strive

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Speaker 1: to do good and have a good time doing it

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Speaker 1: inspired countless others to follow his example. My family is

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Speaker 1: profoundly grateful to have benefited from Paul's many gifts for years,

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Speaker 1: going back to the time Chelsea read his work at Stanford,

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Speaker 1: reached out to him and gained his mentorship and friendship.

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Speaker 1: I'm honored to have worked closely with him in Rwanda

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Speaker 1: to the Clinton Health Access Initiative, which he served on

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Speaker 1: the board of, and in Haiti, first in bringing treatment

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Speaker 1: to HIV patients, and then after the earthquake when we

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Speaker 1: led the U N Office of Special Envoy for Haiti

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Speaker 1: for twenty years. I watched him make everything he touched

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Speaker 1: better with his hard headed evaluation of every problem and

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Speaker 1: his ardent conviction that even in the poorest places, even

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Speaker 1: in the face of dysfunctional politics and violence, he could

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Speaker 1: still make a difference. He also managed to become a

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Speaker 1: wonderful husband, father, son, brother, colleague, mentor, and friend. His

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Speaker 1: constant kindness to and support for Chelsea as she built

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Speaker 1: her own career in public health is just one of

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Speaker 1: hundreds of examples of that friendship. There's a tribute to

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Speaker 1: our friend. We are re releasing this episode from the

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Speaker 1: original run of Why Am I Telling You This? Featuring

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Speaker 1: Chelsea and Paul and conversation. It should give you a

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Speaker 1: good sense of who Paul Farmer was and what he

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Speaker 1: was all about, and I hope inspire you to want

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Speaker 1: to make the kind of difference in the world that

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Speaker 1: he did. Hi, I'm Chelsea Clinton. Welcome to Why Am

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Speaker 1: I Telling You This? The Clinton Foundation Podcast. In many ways,

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Speaker 1: our world has never been healthier Globally, people are living

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Speaker 1: longer lives and child mortality rates are down, but one

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Speaker 1: million children still die in their first day of life

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Speaker 1: and one million more in their first month. We know good,

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Speaker 1: equitable primary healthcare, and adequate disaster preparedness and response would

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Speaker 1: help save newborn, child and adult lives. My guest today,

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Speaker 1: Paul Farmer, has spent his career trying to build health

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Speaker 1: systems that can do just that. He is a singular

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Speaker 1: and inspiring figure in the field of public health. Paul

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Speaker 1: is one of the most remarkable individuals I've ever known.

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Speaker 1: Through his tireless advocacy and work with an organization he founded,

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Speaker 1: Partners in Health, He's transformed health systems in some of

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Speaker 1: the poorest places on Earth. Seven Ophelia Doll, Paul Farmer

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Speaker 1: and fellow Harvard Med student Jim Kim established Partners in Health.

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Speaker 1: They had no funds but high ambitions to bring healthcare

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Speaker 1: to the kneed. Paul Farmer has worked tirelessly to treat

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Speaker 1: individuals while spreading the medical gospel of healthcare for all.

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Speaker 1: For the first time, patients in a public hospital are

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Speaker 1: able to receive chemotherapy. For now, the expensive drugs are

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Speaker 1: paid for by Partners in Health. Throughout his career, Paul's

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Speaker 1: worked to build basic health infrastructure around the world. I

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Speaker 1: came to know him twenty years ago when I was

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Speaker 1: a student at Stanford, and he's been a friend and

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Speaker 1: mentor to me ever since. I've had the privilege of

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Speaker 1: working closely with Paul and Partners in Health in Haiti,

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Speaker 1: Rwanda and other places around the world. Through their partnerships

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Speaker 1: with the Clinton Foundation. In each of our projects together,

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Speaker 1: Paul has brought extraordinary scientific expertise, a commitment to working

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Speaker 1: with local communities towards their specific goals, and a relentless

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Speaker 1: focus on making good policies and seeing them through to implementation.

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Speaker 1: Paul's a lifelong teacher who has been outspoken in his

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Speaker 1: belief that everyone has an obligation to help narrow and

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Speaker 1: eventually erase the health divide between the world's rich and poor.

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Speaker 1: Why am I telling you this Because at a time

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Speaker 1: when global health crises and health systems are competing for

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Speaker 1: headlines and an increasingly crowded breaking news cycle, it is

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Speaker 1: more important than ever that we continue to pay attention

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Speaker 1: to these urgent issues. Because efficient and equitable health systems

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Speaker 1: not only save lives, they also break the link between

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Speaker 1: sickness and poverty that keeps billions of people at risk

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Speaker 1: across the world. And because we know that while the

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Speaker 1: world continues to face multiple health challenges, we know that

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Speaker 1: many of those are solvable in part because of what

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Speaker 1: Paul and Partners and Health have proven over time. So

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Speaker 1: thank you Paul for being here today. I want to

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Speaker 1: start a little bit at the beginning, just as a

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Speaker 1: starting point to explain why you started partners and health

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Speaker 1: before we even had the kind of words global health equity,

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Speaker 1: because that's really what you were doing more than thirty

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Speaker 1: years ago. Of course, I didn't know those three words

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Speaker 1: and how to string them together back then, you know,

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Speaker 1: as an undergraduate at Duke. I mean the first time

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Speaker 1: I thought maybe I don't want to be a biochemistry major,

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Speaker 1: which which I was and enjoyed, was in a class

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Speaker 1: called medical Anthropology. And I only took it because I

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Speaker 1: had the M word in it, and it was the

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Speaker 1: kind of course where you were expected to do a

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Speaker 1: research paper, which sounded cool to me. And uh, you know,

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Speaker 1: I did mind in the emergency room at Duke University,

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Speaker 1: I was focusing this question on race and class and

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Speaker 1: insurance status. So I learned a lot because here was this,

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Speaker 1: you know, big medical center and African Americans without insurance,

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Speaker 1: we're using it as a primary care delivery system because

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Speaker 1: they didn't have another choice. And the history of Jim

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Speaker 1: Crow and the segregation of hospitals and emergency rooms even

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Speaker 1: in night lay heavily or perhaps you would say lies

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Speaker 1: heavily on our country. And you know, here's people coming

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Speaker 1: in who don't have an emergency, and they're coming into

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Speaker 1: a university medical center emergency room. Why because the safety

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Speaker 1: net would not otherwise catch them. Maybe it was that

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Speaker 1: preparation in the United States, which of course I knew

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Speaker 1: to be a land of bounty, and I actually not

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Speaker 1: equally exactly distributed. So I had that understanding, or at

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Speaker 1: least the awareness that inequalities were local and global. I

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Speaker 1: had that early on. And even though a lot of

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Speaker 1: my interpretations proved to be incorrect, a lot of my

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Speaker 1: understandings were just wrong, ideas were flat out ridiculous, the

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Speaker 1: basic conviction that you know, people ought to have some

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Speaker 1: kind of safety net, that that proved correct. And uh,

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Speaker 1: it's been a tortuous path since then, but uh, that

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Speaker 1: that's what led you to partners and Health certainly, and Paul,

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Speaker 1: even though you may not have had kind of the

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Speaker 1: words global health equity, and you just talk a little

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Speaker 1: bit about how Partners in Health took the form it

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Speaker 1: did and why you focused so much on not only

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Speaker 1: kind of the delivery of care, but also the training

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Speaker 1: of health workers and ensuring that Haitians were always at

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Speaker 1: the center of what was being conceived done, evaluated. Some

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Speaker 1: of this is such a given for us um for example,

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Speaker 1: that Haitians would be at the center of an endeavor

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Speaker 1: to promote what we would later call global health equity,

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Speaker 1: and yet that's not the way much of the world happened.

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's one of the priorities that's always been

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Speaker 1: so crucially shared and important to us as people. But

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Speaker 1: also between all that we've done the Clinton Foundation and

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Speaker 1: the Clinton Health Access Initiative, and clearly that you've done

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Speaker 1: and and helped pioneer through partners and health, and yet

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Speaker 1: even though that seems so obvious to us, it still

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Speaker 1: remains not the expectation of global ngeos around the world.

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Speaker 1: And I of course I'm not allowed to forget that

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Speaker 1: because we bump into many and try to work with

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Speaker 1: many as well who don't have that as their central

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Speaker 1: guiding principle. But global health equity is always going to

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Speaker 1: be a way that can steer us towards that. Universality

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Speaker 1: has to be about quality, dignity, respect these more ineffable

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Speaker 1: but still measurable ways of looking at how well we

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Speaker 1: do thinking about equity. And that's another reason to get

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Speaker 1: back to your point, to think very hard about making

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Speaker 1: sure we allow our partners, let's say their rural Haitians

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Speaker 1: or urban Hattions or whatever, to be involved in the

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Speaker 1: work as agents of change. And that requires thinking about, uh, well,

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Speaker 1: who gets to go to a university, who gets to

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Speaker 1: go to nursing school, who gets to go to do

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Speaker 1: a PhD in health policy, whatever it may be, who

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Speaker 1: gets to be an elected official? List goes on and on.

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Speaker 1: If you want to attack poverty, then you better make

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Speaker 1: sure people living in poverty at the center of it.

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Speaker 1: That was clear from that first year, although much was

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Speaker 1: not the understanding that people need to be the agents

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Speaker 1: whenever possible of their own liberation from these shackles. I

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Speaker 1: got that in year one. We'll be right back what

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Speaker 1: started at is largely providing basic medical care and then

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Speaker 1: developed into providing slightly more sophisticated medical care with medicines

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Speaker 1: that you and Jim and others would bring in your

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Speaker 1: suitcases from Boston to prem Um. Well, you know, certainly

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Speaker 1: better than nothing. And yet today there are incredibly sophisticated

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Speaker 1: procurement plans, logistics infrastructure underneath all of what Partners in

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Speaker 1: Health does, and you're delivering tertiary care. I mean you're

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Speaker 1: you're able to treat people in Haiti as well as

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Speaker 1: you're able to treat people in Boston. Can you just

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Speaker 1: talk about the journey from nine three to now? I

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Speaker 1: would I would love to. In those early years, of course,

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Speaker 1: we were we were full. I think we're full of

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Speaker 1: passion and enthusiasm, and we have just as much or

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Speaker 1: more now. But some of the things I would later

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Speaker 1: learn in working with the Foundation, for example, we're not

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Speaker 1: at all clear. And one of them is what's the

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Speaker 1: big picture of how the work should look. There was

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Speaker 1: already a lot of aid money, but the impact of

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Speaker 1: that aid, say from the United States and UM was

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Speaker 1: was pretty negligible. If you were showing up in central Haiti,

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Speaker 1: I could see that UM it didn't have to go

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Speaker 1: to the squatters settlement of cons just being mere ballet,

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Speaker 1: which was, you know, on papers, supposed to be a

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Speaker 1: place where very substantial amounts of USA we're going there.

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Speaker 1: But there was little in the way of either a primary,

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Speaker 1: secondary tertiary system. You know, so if you had obstructed

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Speaker 1: labor and UH you go to a hospital that has

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Speaker 1: no blood bank and no obstrition and no operating theater,

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Speaker 1: it's not really hospital. It's not really hospital. It's just

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Speaker 1: not a hospital. And again I could I could see

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Speaker 1: that at the time, we could say, is there a

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Speaker 1: way for us to assess the main problems here? And

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Speaker 1: this first team that we had to say, let's go

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Speaker 1: to every household, ask people what's going on there um,

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Speaker 1: meaning find out who has access to family planning, which

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Speaker 1: kids have been back stating, how many people live in

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Speaker 1: the household, try to get it. We weren't trying to

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Speaker 1: do an epidemiological study. We were just trying to say,

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Speaker 1: what were the ranking problems here? Could we find out?

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Speaker 1: And then the community health workers were called c h

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Speaker 1: vs community health volunteers, you know, and it's hard to

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Speaker 1: be a volunteer if you've got six kids and other

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Speaker 1: things to do, Like we're not being paid for your work. Again,

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Speaker 1: the dignity conferred by work really was it was it

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Speaker 1: was obvious even to a three year old. That meant

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Speaker 1: that as we were working with Haitians as our m

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Speaker 1: o UM, including young patians our age, bad things would

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Speaker 1: happen to some of them. The initial team based in Conje,

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Speaker 1: there were six Patians our Age UM and by the

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Speaker 1: time I graduated from medical school, three had died. I mean,

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Speaker 1: I had never had friends who died, even though I

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Speaker 1: came from a family without a lot of means, I

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Speaker 1: didn't know anybody who died. But these these were my friends,

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Speaker 1: and they were my age, and it was the first

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Speaker 1: time in one after another, I was totally grief stricken

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Speaker 1: when the first of them, the first of them died.

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Speaker 1: You know, she was twenty seven. I was probably about

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Speaker 1: the same age. Uh, and she died just after childbirth.

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Speaker 1: And then right after that, um, another young man. You

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Speaker 1: know we mentioned water. What's the cost of not having

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Speaker 1: clean water supply? Well, for babies, gastranoriotis, but for a healthy,

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Speaker 1: robust young guy, watch for typhoid. And one of the

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Speaker 1: complications is it bores right through your intestines. And you

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Speaker 1: know what. I would later become an infectious disease doctor.

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Speaker 1: But she didn't need to be an infectiousities doctor to think, Wow,

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Speaker 1: not only is that an outrageous tragedy, it's a good friend.

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Speaker 1: These are things, by the way, that not only would

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Speaker 1: have been prevented by having a tertiary hospital, that is,

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Speaker 1: the illnesses would not have led to death. So you

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Speaker 1: have a baby, you get an infection, if you have

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Speaker 1: a good hospital. You're not going to die from it. Right,

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Speaker 1: you have typhoid, you're not going to have you know,

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Speaker 1: a perforated bowel, because you get antibiotics and if you

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Speaker 1: needed to, you'd go to the operating room. He actually

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Speaker 1: died right outside the operating room. But this is an

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Speaker 1: important prince and he was so frightened, and I I was,

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Speaker 1: I had what I was going back to medical school.

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Speaker 1: I wasn't a doctor. I was just with him and like,

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Speaker 1: oh my god, he couldn't die, could he? Well, I

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Speaker 1: knew he could die in it. He's not going to die.

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Speaker 1: He did, And and then the other young woman had

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Speaker 1: cerebral malaria. And I'm not the only one who knew them. Well.

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Speaker 1: I may have known them the best of the founders,

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Speaker 1: but if you had don knew them all and of

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Speaker 1: course our Haitian colleagues, and was just devastating, especially knowing that, yeah,

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Speaker 1: the illnesses should have been prevented, but after someone gets sick,

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Speaker 1: you can also prevent death, right, you need That's why

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Speaker 1: you need a medical care delivery system. There's no vaccine

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Speaker 1: for malaria yet. The vaccine for typhoid is not very good, right,

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Speaker 1: And there's no vaccine for um, you know this, this

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Speaker 1: infection after childbirth, except for family planning. Right, So on

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Speaker 1: every one of those levels prevention and care, we failed, right,

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Speaker 1: we failed our friends, you know, just say that. It

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Speaker 1: made me feel bad or guilty, it did, But it

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Speaker 1: also was my first real experience with grief, and the

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Speaker 1: stakes were already cleared to us, and we already thought

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Speaker 1: of this as a health equity issue. So to get

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Speaker 1: from there again the first decade being mostly errors and

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Speaker 1: mostly and full of these kinds of tragedies, um, but

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Speaker 1: but not without joy and and again these friendships. But

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Speaker 1: it took a long time for us to admit, and

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Speaker 1: I'm the us here being our Haitian colleagues as well,

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Speaker 1: that the work we were doing wasn't really very good.

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Speaker 1: It couldn't be good because it wasn't building up the

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Speaker 1: Haitian health care system. It wasn't providing comprehensive care. And uh,

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Speaker 1: we came by that knowledge the hard way. And wherever

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Speaker 1: there's a clinical desert, right, that is, you don't have

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Speaker 1: the staff you need and the stuff you need in

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Speaker 1: the space you need, and the systems and four s.

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Speaker 1: You know, this global health equity. One reason we keep

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Speaker 1: going back to that list staff, stuff, space, systems is

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Speaker 1: because you know, are there guiding principles that could lead

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Speaker 1: us forward in varied settings? And the answer I think

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Speaker 1: is yes, I think you've proven the answer is yeah.

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Speaker 1: You should be seeing all of them. You should be

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Speaker 1: seeing staff, and it would be local staff, nurses, doctors, managers,

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Speaker 1: community health workers, everyone who you would need to actually

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Speaker 1: deliver caring. So the stuff I'm talking about medical supplies, medications.

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Speaker 1: You know, you have preventives, vaccines, you have diagnostics. How

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Speaker 1: do you know if someone has HIV? What's ther viral load?

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Speaker 1: How do you know someone has leukemia? A lab that

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Speaker 1: can diagnose and identify the cancer? So staff stuff space,

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Speaker 1: then it should be dignified space. You know, nobody wants

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Speaker 1: to go to the hospital have a baby when it's dirty.

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Speaker 1: In addition to all the user fees and other obstacles

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Speaker 1: for geographic ones whenever, uh if it, if it's dirty

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Speaker 1: and smells bad, who would want to go there for anything?

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Speaker 1: So that dignified space is important. And then the systems,

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Speaker 1: you know, I'll just say it, I learned that. I

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Speaker 1: keep learning about that, and I'm not done learning about

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Speaker 1: any of them. But you know, not having a healthcare

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Speaker 1: system a safety net. Well, that's what I saw as

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Speaker 1: an undergraduate when African Americans in Durham County We're going

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Speaker 1: to a giant university medical center for a basic primary

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Speaker 1: care problem. So the safety net is composed of staff, stuff, space,

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Speaker 1: and systems. But it's only a safety net if if

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Speaker 1: it catches you, if you fall. More after this, you

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Speaker 1: and I spend so much time thinking about kind of

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Speaker 1: what can we try to improve support empower kind of

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Speaker 1: through medical care and also kind of more robust public

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Speaker 1: health systems, And yet so much of what determines whether

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Speaker 1: or not people are healthy happens even beyond those kind

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Speaker 1: of large categories. You, how do you think about any

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Speaker 1: of us who care so intensely about improving health outcomes

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Speaker 1: and health equity. What do you think our responsibility is

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Speaker 1: to not just be informed, but but try to be

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Speaker 1: thoughtfully engaged in these these larger debates of social and

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Speaker 1: civic determinants of health. The first discussion of social determinants

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Speaker 1: ought to be well, there are social determinants. You can

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Speaker 1: work really hard inside the walls of a clinic, or

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Speaker 1: on drug pricing, or working with the ministry on the

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Speaker 1: care delivery system, and you're not getting at the major

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Speaker 1: determinants of who lives who dies. How inequalities getting the body.

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Speaker 1: Those inequalities can be around raised class, gender, and are

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Speaker 1: by the way, but also rurality where you know what

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Speaker 1: zip code you're born in. Um, that that's uh our

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Speaker 1: daily bread. Right. One of the anxiety at ease that

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Speaker 1: I have UM is there is a strain inside public

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Speaker 1: health which is a lud eyed strain. And I've seen it.

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Speaker 1: We've both seen it again and again where someone said, well,

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Speaker 1: if poverty is the chief determinant of health outcomes, that

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Speaker 1: maybe we should focus all of our attention on poverty

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Speaker 1: reduction and worry less about let's say trauma care. Well,

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Speaker 1: that would not have been a good thing for me

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Speaker 1: in when I walked in front of a car, right,

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Speaker 1: Or well, you should really focus all your attention on prevention. Well,

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Speaker 1: how do you prevent breast cancer or leukemia? I don't know.

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Speaker 1: I mentioned getting hit by a car, and I you know,

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Speaker 1: I couldn't walk on assistant for six months after that.

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Speaker 1: But I knew that the emergency medical technicians were not

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Speaker 1: going to lean over me and say you should have

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Speaker 1: looked both ways. Before you cross the street. Sorry, you know, Uh,

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Speaker 1: that's what it is for a lot of people who

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Speaker 1: don't have that safety net, and there are no tertiary

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Speaker 1: care hospitals. You know, I would hate to have the

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Speaker 1: world suddenly literate in social determinants and forget about equity

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Speaker 1: and care delivery. And we've seen it again and again, UM,

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Speaker 1: And you know, I think there's got to be a

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Speaker 1: way for us to keep global health equity front and center,

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Speaker 1: because that would allow us, after all, to acknowledge the

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Speaker 1: quality of care matters, geographic distribution matters, access matters, and

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Speaker 1: you have to have that safety net. In the thirty

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Speaker 1: five years, more than thirty five years now since partners

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Speaker 1: in Health UM was started, UM, can you talk about

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Speaker 1: how the works evolved. I wish we were moving faster UM,

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Speaker 1: but it's so encouraging if you just stick with this

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Speaker 1: for I was gonna I was about to say, if

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Speaker 1: you just stick with this for a few decades, and

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Speaker 1: you know, it's not a long time. I mean what

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Speaker 1: we've seen in Rwanda to go from the bottom the

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Speaker 1: pits hell, which endured even after the genocide, because even

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Speaker 1: when there was federal leadership, still doesn't mean you have staff, stuff,

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Speaker 1: space and systems. But to go there and to see

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Speaker 1: what it's like now, I mean, this is not a

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Speaker 1: long time, just the what we have seen with our

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Speaker 1: own eyes. Think about Putaro, you know, a place like Putaro,

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Speaker 1: the district of Berrera, the last one without a district hospital.

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Speaker 1: First of all, you'll remember those first visits. I mean

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Speaker 1: beautiful mountains. The wandest most modern hospital was built in

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Speaker 1: Guitaro in the mountainous north, mostly with funds from partners

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Speaker 1: in health. This big hospital on top of this hill

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Speaker 1: mountain is related to a series of health centers and

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Speaker 1: two people working in the villages. This is a district

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Speaker 1: of over four hundred thousand souls um and in two

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Speaker 1: thousand three, two thousand before, there was not a single doctor,

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Speaker 1: much less a district hospital. They take time to understand

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Speaker 1: the whole context of their patients lives and then they

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Speaker 1: design services that will help make their lives better. That

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Speaker 1: critical insight, that commitment to humanity, is what drives Paul's work.

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Speaker 1: You know, some people are there startled, Some of the

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Speaker 1: Rwandans are startled. I've had Rwandans come here and say,

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Speaker 1: is this a resort, is it a hotel? For mazungos,

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Speaker 1: you know, is it for foreigners? And uh, and be

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Speaker 1: skeptical when when we respond, now, this is this is

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Speaker 1: for you, this is your community hospital, your district hospital.

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Speaker 1: As a result, the number of children dying before age

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Speaker 1: five has dropped to a quarter of what it was

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Speaker 1: in the year two thousand. The number of mothers who

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Speaker 1: die in childbirth is down sixty six since ninety nine,

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Speaker 1: in part because nine of pregnant women receive at least

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Speaker 1: one pre natal care visit. You know, people say, well,

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Speaker 1: how do you do this work around people are so

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Speaker 1: ill and suffering, and why isn't that depressing? I can't

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Speaker 1: think of any less depressing than being able to see

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Speaker 1: that kind of progress in so short a time. I do, though,

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Speaker 1: I kind of want to end with asking you not

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Speaker 1: if you're optimistic, because I know you are, but why

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Speaker 1: you're optimistic and what are you most optimistic about? Because

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Speaker 1: while we have seen such tremendous progress, you know, a

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Speaker 1: massive decline and under five mortality over the last twenty

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Speaker 1: five years, um, we still have a million children who

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Speaker 1: die on their first day of life and a million

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Speaker 1: more who die in their first month of life. And

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Speaker 1: we still have millions of kids who die every year

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Speaker 1: from things that are not only preventable um if they

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Speaker 1: were to be fully vaccinated, but also preventable if they

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Speaker 1: you knew how to swim, or if there were good roads,

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Speaker 1: or if there were seatbelts. And yet I know that

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Speaker 1: you are optimists. So why are you optimistic? And wh

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Speaker 1: do you think anyone should be when we think about

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Speaker 1: um global health equity. There's a lot of really wonderful

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Speaker 1: people who we meet who are drawn to global health equity,

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Speaker 1: and that's a cause for optimism. Yeah, there are setbacks.

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Speaker 1: I mean, we didn't even talk about the earth quick.

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Speaker 1: That was, you know, a dreadful experience um and and

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Speaker 1: that's probably why you didn't bring it up. I still

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Speaker 1: don't like talking about it when I see all the

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Speaker 1: people who kind of involved. Your mother told me that

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Speaker 1: more than half of all American households contributed two earthquake

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Speaker 1: relief in Haiti. And to know that that many people

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Speaker 1: cared about the distant stranger suffering they wouldn't see directly.

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Speaker 1: That's not even kind of the people showed up. How

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Speaker 1: could you not say, well, we're redeemable as a species. Yet,

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Speaker 1: but one of the things that you know, I'd like

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Speaker 1: to get out, you know, in this exchange is just

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Speaker 1: as a way of encouraging others. If you get involved

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Speaker 1: in it and you stick with it, wherever the it,

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Speaker 1: wherever the it is, who you're going to see massive progress.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes it's really dramatic and vast. And I would say

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Speaker 1: Rwanda is the best example. We know what's happened there

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Speaker 1: in the last fifteen years in terms of just looking

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Speaker 1: at the basic measures infant mortality, tied mortality, maternal or

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Speaker 1: around AIDS, spriculous malay or whatever. Those are the steepest

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Speaker 1: declines in mortality ever documented in history, in history. And

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Speaker 1: to know that that could happen there, how could you

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Speaker 1: not be optimistic? You know, I think we are maybe

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Speaker 1: getting that message out more. But this pessimistic view of

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Speaker 1: the world is wrong, and of course cynicism is wrong.

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Speaker 1: Cynicism is is a dead end and that nothing can do,

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Speaker 1: nothing can ever change, and that's just ridiculous. But I

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Speaker 1: think that our optimism is warranted. I love and Paul,

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Speaker 1: thank you. You make me optimistic every day and I'm

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Speaker 1: so grateful for you in the world and for your

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Speaker 1: time for our conversation today. So thank you. Very much.

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Speaker 1: I hope I'm allowed to come back and got a

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Speaker 1: lot of podcasts in me, even though this is only

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Speaker 1: my second Anytime, Paul, Anytime? Why am I telling you? This?

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Speaker 1: Is a production of our Heart Radio, the Clinton Foundation

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Speaker 1: and at Will Medium. Our executive producers are Craig Menascian

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Speaker 1: and Will Monnadi. Our production team includes Jamison Katsufas, Tom Galton,

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Speaker 1: Sara Harowitz, and Jake Young, with production support from Liz

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Speaker 1: Raftree and Josh Farnham. Original music by Wat White. Special

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Speaker 1: thanks to John Sykes, John Davidson on hell Orina, Corey Ganstley,

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Speaker 1: Kevin Thuram, Oscar Flores, and all our dedicated staff and

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Speaker 1: partners at the Clinton Foundation. Hi, this is Bill Clinton.

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Speaker 1: I hope you're enjoying. Why am I telling you this?

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Speaker 1: I started the Clinton Foundation on the belief that everyone

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Speaker 1: deserves a chance to succeed, Everyone has a responsibility to act,

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Speaker 1: and we all do better when we work together. In

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Speaker 1: the more than twenty years since the Foundation first opened

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Speaker 1: its doors in Harlem, we've brought people together across traditional

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Speaker 1: divides to address some of the most complex and pressing

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Speaker 1: challenges of our time. The need for cooperation has never

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Speaker 1: been more urgent than it is now. The COVID nineteen

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Speaker 1: pandemic has ripped the cover off long standing and equities

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Speaker 1: and vulnerabilities across our global community and here at home.

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Speaker 1: The existential threat of climate change grows every day and

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Speaker 1: all around the world, the forces of division are tugging

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Speaker 1: at the fabric of our common humanity. That's why this

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Speaker 1: year we're relaunching the Clinton Global Initiatives Annual Meeting in

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Speaker 1: New York in September, bringing together heads of state and

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Speaker 1: other government officials, leaders of NGOs and philanthropic organizations, prominent

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Speaker 1: voices and business, labor and finance and youth leaders, and

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Speaker 1: grassroots activists and drive progress on inclusive economic growth and recovery,

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Speaker 1: climate resilience, and health equity. While the challenges we face

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Speaker 1: our steep, our work has always been about what we

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Speaker 1: can do, not what we can't do, and by bringing

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Speaker 1: diverse partners together to take action and achieve real results,

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Speaker 1: we can create a culture of possibility in a world

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Speaker 1: hungary for hope. I hope you will take a moment

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Speaker 1: to share your thoughts and ideas with us and learn

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Speaker 1: more about our work by visiting www dot Clinton Foundation

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Speaker 1: dot org. Slash Podcast, thank you,