1 00:00:15,356 --> 00:00:26,636 Speaker 1: Pushkin. Hello, revisionous history fans. Malcolm Glawel here, I want 2 00:00:26,676 --> 00:00:29,396 Speaker 1: to tell you about a new podcast from Pushkin Industries 3 00:00:29,436 --> 00:00:34,956 Speaker 1: called Bad Women. Ripper retold you know the story. In 4 00:00:34,996 --> 00:00:39,276 Speaker 1: eighteen eighty eight, five female prostitutes were brutally murdered in 5 00:00:39,316 --> 00:00:43,156 Speaker 1: a London slum, attacks so violent the killer earned a nickname, 6 00:00:43,596 --> 00:00:47,316 Speaker 1: Jack the Ripper. For centuries, we've assumed these women were 7 00:00:47,316 --> 00:00:50,996 Speaker 1: indeed bad women. But what if everything we know about 8 00:00:50,996 --> 00:00:56,356 Speaker 1: them is wrong. Historian Halle Rubinholt has uncovered the true 9 00:00:56,436 --> 00:01:01,036 Speaker 1: stories of the Ripper's victims. Polly, Annie, Elizabeth, Catherine, and 10 00:01:01,076 --> 00:01:04,916 Speaker 1: Mary Jane all struggled against the misogyny that thrived in 11 00:01:04,996 --> 00:01:08,276 Speaker 1: Victorian England until they found themselves in the path of 12 00:01:08,316 --> 00:01:13,636 Speaker 1: one of the most vish killers in history. Listeners are 13 00:01:13,716 --> 00:01:16,876 Speaker 1: loving the show. I've called it brilliant, a badly missing 14 00:01:16,956 --> 00:01:22,156 Speaker 1: lair to the story, addicting, fascinating, informative and entertaining, and 15 00:01:22,396 --> 00:01:27,116 Speaker 1: a historical treat and Bad Women is critically acclaimed. It's 16 00:01:27,116 --> 00:01:30,436 Speaker 1: been deemed one of the best true crime podcasts by 17 00:01:30,476 --> 00:01:35,436 Speaker 1: The Guardian, Vulture, and Esquire. Fulcher said Hallie takes aim 18 00:01:35,636 --> 00:01:39,036 Speaker 1: at her critics in her first episode and continues throughout 19 00:01:39,276 --> 00:01:44,876 Speaker 1: too satisfyingly skewer ripperologists, especially one former officer, who seems 20 00:01:44,876 --> 00:01:46,796 Speaker 1: to think the murder victims at the heart of the 21 00:01:46,876 --> 00:01:50,636 Speaker 1: case must have done something to warrant their gutting one 22 00:01:50,676 --> 00:01:54,876 Speaker 1: way or another. If you haven't listened to Bad Women yet, 23 00:01:55,116 --> 00:01:57,276 Speaker 1: I don't know what you're waiting for. I'm going to 24 00:01:57,276 --> 00:02:00,676 Speaker 1: share a preview now that will get you totally hooked. 25 00:02:01,476 --> 00:02:04,436 Speaker 1: You can binge the entire season on all your holiday 26 00:02:04,436 --> 00:02:10,036 Speaker 1: travels and staycations. Just search for Bad Women wherever you 27 00:02:10,076 --> 00:02:11,036 Speaker 1: get your podcasts. 28 00:02:14,956 --> 00:02:19,716 Speaker 2: It's a warm September evening. The sky has darkened and 29 00:02:19,756 --> 00:02:24,156 Speaker 2: a moon has risen over the flat, oily river. Hundreds 30 00:02:24,156 --> 00:02:27,276 Speaker 2: of day trippers and pleasure seekers are aboard the Princess 31 00:02:27,276 --> 00:02:31,796 Speaker 2: Alice as she steams through London. Music, singing, and the 32 00:02:31,836 --> 00:02:35,396 Speaker 2: excited shouts of children give the so called Moonlight Cruise 33 00:02:35,596 --> 00:02:40,196 Speaker 2: a holiday feld. No one notices that the craft is 34 00:02:40,276 --> 00:02:44,676 Speaker 2: moving directly into the course of a great iron holed freighter. 35 00:02:45,316 --> 00:02:49,436 Speaker 2: The Princess Alice plows on her paddle wheels, biting into 36 00:02:49,476 --> 00:02:54,876 Speaker 2: the rank sewage brought waters of the Thames. What unfolds 37 00:02:55,036 --> 00:02:58,636 Speaker 2: over the next few terrible minutes will be a tragedy 38 00:02:58,716 --> 00:03:04,396 Speaker 2: for the city, but an opportunity for Elizabeth's stride. Maybe 39 00:03:04,436 --> 00:03:07,556 Speaker 2: the first time she has benefited from the misfortune of others, 40 00:03:07,916 --> 00:03:11,316 Speaker 2: but it will not be the last, before she meets 41 00:03:11,316 --> 00:03:18,316 Speaker 2: her murderer on the streets of Whitechapel. I'm Hallie rubin Holt. 42 00:03:18,996 --> 00:03:23,756 Speaker 2: You're listening to Bad Women. The Ripper retold, a series 43 00:03:23,876 --> 00:03:26,596 Speaker 2: about the real lives of the women killed by Jack 44 00:03:26,636 --> 00:03:30,676 Speaker 2: the Ripper and how we got their stories so wrong. 45 00:03:31,916 --> 00:03:39,676 Speaker 2: One side, money plenty and friends too by the scar. 46 00:03:41,436 --> 00:03:49,076 Speaker 2: Then fortune smart upon me and long one pass m 47 00:03:54,476 --> 00:04:05,276 Speaker 2: a lonely and not twelve halfet lone seems too lovely. 48 00:04:06,276 --> 00:04:22,236 Speaker 2: I'm comfy from Elizabeth, Gustav's daughter, was borne by candlelight 49 00:04:22,396 --> 00:04:26,236 Speaker 2: in the darkness of a Swedish November. Her father tended 50 00:04:26,236 --> 00:04:29,676 Speaker 2: the land and rural towards landa, cultivating fields of grain, 51 00:04:29,996 --> 00:04:35,356 Speaker 2: flax and potatoes. He also owned a barn, several cows, pigs, chickens, 52 00:04:35,356 --> 00:04:38,396 Speaker 2: and a horse. The family was more prosperous than many 53 00:04:38,396 --> 00:04:41,036 Speaker 2: in the area, and Elizabeth grew up in a sturdy 54 00:04:41,116 --> 00:04:45,636 Speaker 2: clapboard farmhouse as a farmer's daughter. In the eighteen forties. 55 00:04:45,796 --> 00:04:48,996 Speaker 2: She would have been initiated into the routine of agricultural 56 00:04:49,036 --> 00:04:51,236 Speaker 2: life as soon as she was steady enough on her 57 00:04:51,276 --> 00:04:55,036 Speaker 2: feet to carry pails and gather eggs. When she grew older, 58 00:04:55,396 --> 00:04:58,836 Speaker 2: she would have assisted with milking, tending the chickens and pigs, 59 00:04:58,956 --> 00:05:03,756 Speaker 2: making butter, and even distilling aquavit, the alcoholic liquor traditionally 60 00:05:03,756 --> 00:05:08,436 Speaker 2: offered at meal times in Swedish households. Elizabeth's local community 61 00:05:08,636 --> 00:05:12,316 Speaker 2: was small and conservative. She was raised a Lutheran, and 62 00:05:12,396 --> 00:05:16,236 Speaker 2: prayer would have punctuated her days upon waking, before meals 63 00:05:16,356 --> 00:05:19,716 Speaker 2: and before bed, asking the Lord to shepherd his flock 64 00:05:19,956 --> 00:05:24,316 Speaker 2: safely through the long night. As a girl, little was 65 00:05:24,356 --> 00:05:28,196 Speaker 2: expected of her beyond mastery of housekeeping, childcare, and basic 66 00:05:28,236 --> 00:05:31,196 Speaker 2: animal husbandry, all of which she could learn from assisting 67 00:05:31,236 --> 00:05:36,516 Speaker 2: her mother. She therefore received little schooling. Elizabeth probably grew 68 00:05:36,596 --> 00:05:40,596 Speaker 2: accustomed to the constant rhythm of farm life, the turning 69 00:05:40,636 --> 00:05:43,636 Speaker 2: of the seasons, the cutting of the fields, the freezing 70 00:05:43,676 --> 00:05:47,916 Speaker 2: of the earth, the thaw, the sowing of seeds. But 71 00:05:48,076 --> 00:05:52,596 Speaker 2: just before her seventeenth birthday, everything changed. Elizabeth set out 72 00:05:52,636 --> 00:05:55,596 Speaker 2: for the city of Gothenburg to seek employment as a 73 00:05:55,636 --> 00:05:59,516 Speaker 2: servant in Sweden. As in other European countries, it was 74 00:05:59,556 --> 00:06:02,796 Speaker 2: traditional for young women to gain experience of domestic life 75 00:06:02,836 --> 00:06:05,996 Speaker 2: beyond the confines of their homes and communities. This was 76 00:06:06,036 --> 00:06:08,996 Speaker 2: seen as a kind of apprenticeship before they eventually as 77 00:06:09,116 --> 00:06:12,916 Speaker 2: assumed command of their own households. Elizabeth went to work 78 00:06:12,956 --> 00:06:16,276 Speaker 2: as a maid for a lower middle class family. Domestic 79 00:06:16,356 --> 00:06:19,116 Speaker 2: labour at this time was cheap and in plentiful supply, 80 00:06:19,716 --> 00:06:22,996 Speaker 2: so even families of meager means could afford to hire help. 81 00:06:23,636 --> 00:06:27,356 Speaker 2: Employers were obliged to house, feed, clothe, and tend to 82 00:06:27,396 --> 00:06:30,996 Speaker 2: their servants when they were ill. In return, servants offered 83 00:06:31,036 --> 00:06:35,716 Speaker 2: their complete obedience. Yet choosing and hiring a servant could 84 00:06:35,756 --> 00:06:39,276 Speaker 2: also be risky. Bringing unknown young women into the home 85 00:06:39,396 --> 00:06:43,996 Speaker 2: could have unpredictable consequences. There was a preference for the ruddy, 86 00:06:44,156 --> 00:06:48,036 Speaker 2: cheek daughters of yeomen, who smelled like grass and goats. 87 00:06:48,276 --> 00:06:50,716 Speaker 2: It was believed that these girls had not yet learned 88 00:06:50,716 --> 00:06:54,476 Speaker 2: how to deceive or steal. They were innocent and honest. 89 00:06:55,236 --> 00:07:00,316 Speaker 2: By contrast, urban girls had been exposed to avarice and licentiousness. 90 00:07:01,476 --> 00:07:04,916 Speaker 2: Although it was a master or mistress's responsibility to keep 91 00:07:04,916 --> 00:07:08,916 Speaker 2: them safe peril. Nonetheless, lurked at every turn for maids, 92 00:07:09,916 --> 00:07:12,916 Speaker 2: whether or not she encouraged the advances of the master 93 00:07:13,076 --> 00:07:16,876 Speaker 2: or his son, his brother, cousin, friend, or father. There 94 00:07:16,876 --> 00:07:20,436 Speaker 2: were plenty of opportunities for a young servant woman to 95 00:07:20,516 --> 00:07:25,956 Speaker 2: find herself alone with men, to be coerced, overpowered, or 96 00:07:25,996 --> 00:07:31,196 Speaker 2: to give in to mutual desire. And so while service 97 00:07:31,316 --> 00:07:33,396 Speaker 2: was believed to be the making of a young working 98 00:07:33,436 --> 00:07:38,036 Speaker 2: class woman, becoming entangled with a man could be her undoing. 99 00:07:38,756 --> 00:07:41,476 Speaker 2: Some women's lovers would promise to look after them, and 100 00:07:41,636 --> 00:07:45,676 Speaker 2: many made good on these pledges, establishing their mistresses and lodgings. 101 00:07:46,436 --> 00:07:49,556 Speaker 2: Some men lived alongside their paramours, and they posed as 102 00:07:49,636 --> 00:07:55,156 Speaker 2: married couples. Others visited only on occasion. Some relationships continued 103 00:07:55,196 --> 00:07:58,356 Speaker 2: for many years, if not a lifetime, but many more 104 00:07:58,436 --> 00:08:03,116 Speaker 2: fell apart within weeks. The nineteenth century double standard enabled 105 00:08:03,116 --> 00:08:07,036 Speaker 2: men to walk away from such attachments. By contrast, it 106 00:08:07,196 --> 00:08:09,836 Speaker 2: often devastated the lives of the war women, who were 107 00:08:09,916 --> 00:08:13,796 Speaker 2: left to bear the crying and gurgling consequences of these unions. 108 00:08:14,956 --> 00:08:17,476 Speaker 2: Elizabeth has taken to the grave the name of the 109 00:08:17,516 --> 00:08:21,116 Speaker 2: man who altered her life with his lust. It will 110 00:08:21,156 --> 00:08:23,796 Speaker 2: never be known whether her first encounter with him was 111 00:08:23,876 --> 00:08:28,556 Speaker 2: consensual or forced where it occurred or under what circumstances. 112 00:08:28,796 --> 00:08:32,876 Speaker 2: But by March eighteen sixty five she was six months pregnant, 113 00:08:33,556 --> 00:08:36,076 Speaker 2: and whoever had got her into that position was no 114 00:08:36,116 --> 00:08:40,676 Speaker 2: longer present to shield her from the consequences. Until the 115 00:08:40,716 --> 00:08:46,036 Speaker 2: eighteen sixties, in Sweden, extramarital sex and illegitimate pregnancy were illegal, 116 00:08:46,276 --> 00:08:50,996 Speaker 2: punishable offenses. In fact, across all Europe Bennett's colonies, sexual 117 00:08:51,036 --> 00:08:57,116 Speaker 2: immorality was a source of anxiety verging on paranoia. In Gothenburg, 118 00:08:57,276 --> 00:09:00,916 Speaker 2: the prostitution police were charged replacing women on the sex 119 00:09:00,996 --> 00:09:05,316 Speaker 2: trade Register, colloquially referred to as the Register of Shame. 120 00:09:06,116 --> 00:09:09,636 Speaker 2: There were two lists, one containing the names of knowledge 121 00:09:09,756 --> 00:09:14,276 Speaker 2: prostitutes and the other of suspected women, pregnant, single women, 122 00:09:14,436 --> 00:09:17,716 Speaker 2: women frequently seen alone with men or out at night, 123 00:09:18,236 --> 00:09:22,476 Speaker 2: and mistresses. The chief concern was the spread of venereal disease, 124 00:09:22,996 --> 00:09:27,476 Speaker 2: specifically syphilis, and bad women were seen as responsible for 125 00:09:27,596 --> 00:09:30,796 Speaker 2: its spread. This belief was then used to justify the 126 00:09:30,836 --> 00:09:34,356 Speaker 2: harsh treatment of women in legislation designed to prevent infection. 127 00:09:35,556 --> 00:09:38,596 Speaker 2: When her pregnancy began to show, it was surmised that 128 00:09:38,676 --> 00:09:42,916 Speaker 2: twenty one year old Elizabeth was guilty of lecherous living. 129 00:09:43,356 --> 00:09:45,996 Speaker 2: She was ordered to appear at the Police Inspection House. 130 00:09:46,276 --> 00:09:48,956 Speaker 2: On her first visit, she was entered into the official 131 00:09:49,036 --> 00:09:53,436 Speaker 2: register as public woman number ninety seven. She was then 132 00:09:53,516 --> 00:09:56,756 Speaker 2: further questioned and her answers included in the ledger. 133 00:09:57,036 --> 00:10:03,236 Speaker 3: Age twenty one years, appearance, blue eyes, brown hair, straight nose, 134 00:10:03,436 --> 00:10:08,356 Speaker 3: oval face, five foot two inches, slender build. I surmise 135 00:10:08,476 --> 00:10:11,436 Speaker 3: that this woman has not been living a life of gluttony. 136 00:10:12,396 --> 00:10:15,276 Speaker 2: The rules that were to govern Elizabeth's daily life would 137 00:10:15,316 --> 00:10:18,516 Speaker 2: then have been explained to her a lecture intended to 138 00:10:18,636 --> 00:10:19,476 Speaker 2: humiliate her. 139 00:10:19,956 --> 00:10:22,116 Speaker 3: You will attend the inspection house twice a week on 140 00:10:22,196 --> 00:10:25,556 Speaker 3: Tuesdays and Fridays, or face arrest and a fine, or 141 00:10:25,596 --> 00:10:27,756 Speaker 3: three nights in prison on rations of bread and water. 142 00:10:28,276 --> 00:10:30,636 Speaker 3: You will not be permitted outdoors after eleven at night. 143 00:10:31,036 --> 00:10:33,796 Speaker 3: You must conduct a quiet and a silent life. You 144 00:10:33,876 --> 00:10:36,436 Speaker 3: must not loiter in the windows or doorway of your home. 145 00:10:36,796 --> 00:10:39,276 Speaker 3: You must dress in a decent way when appearing in public, 146 00:10:39,676 --> 00:10:41,476 Speaker 3: and not call attention to yourself. 147 00:10:42,516 --> 00:10:46,436 Speaker 2: At the Police Inspection House, Elizabeth would have been subjected 148 00:10:46,476 --> 00:10:51,756 Speaker 2: to regular examinations of her genitalia. This routine was designed 149 00:10:51,836 --> 00:10:54,916 Speaker 2: as much to chase in the city's public women as 150 00:10:54,956 --> 00:10:57,436 Speaker 2: to screen them against the dreaded syphilis. 151 00:10:58,156 --> 00:11:03,716 Speaker 4: Syphilis is transmitted primarily through sexual intercourse, and it has 152 00:11:03,876 --> 00:11:08,676 Speaker 4: three key stages in its acquired form, primary, secondary, and tertiary. 153 00:11:09,356 --> 00:11:11,836 Speaker 2: Hanley is a lecturer in the history of science and 154 00:11:11,876 --> 00:11:14,196 Speaker 2: Medicine at Birkbeck University of London. 155 00:11:14,676 --> 00:11:19,236 Speaker 4: The primary stage is characterized by the presence of a 156 00:11:19,276 --> 00:11:21,756 Speaker 4: soft saw or a canker at the side of infection, 157 00:11:22,076 --> 00:11:23,636 Speaker 4: so in most cases this sort of been on a 158 00:11:23,716 --> 00:11:27,596 Speaker 4: person's genitals and this saw could appear a couple of 159 00:11:27,596 --> 00:11:31,196 Speaker 4: weeks to several months after infection and it would last 160 00:11:31,276 --> 00:11:33,996 Speaker 4: for a short period of time then disappear, and when 161 00:11:34,036 --> 00:11:37,356 Speaker 4: it disappeared, the patient moved into a period of disease latency. 162 00:11:38,116 --> 00:11:41,676 Speaker 2: The secondary stage could occur anywhere from several months to 163 00:11:41,796 --> 00:11:46,396 Speaker 2: several years. Later, patients would experience flu like symptoms, a fever, 164 00:11:46,676 --> 00:11:49,796 Speaker 2: swollen glands, a sore throat, and then the eruption of 165 00:11:49,876 --> 00:11:53,276 Speaker 2: a rash, as well as war like growths and lesions 166 00:11:53,316 --> 00:11:57,076 Speaker 2: on their genitals. Eventually, it would attack the person's central 167 00:11:57,196 --> 00:12:02,756 Speaker 2: nervous system. Sufferers might experience behavioral changes, including paranoia and 168 00:12:02,836 --> 00:12:07,436 Speaker 2: mood swings, deterioration of the spinal cord, and seizures. There 169 00:12:07,436 --> 00:12:09,676 Speaker 2: were other visible symptoms as well. 170 00:12:10,036 --> 00:12:13,356 Speaker 4: The soft tissue in a person's face begins to break 171 00:12:13,396 --> 00:12:19,236 Speaker 4: down this type of necrotic deterioration where a person's nose disintegrates, 172 00:12:19,316 --> 00:12:22,756 Speaker 4: essentially as does their soft palet in parts of their frontal. 173 00:12:22,476 --> 00:12:26,756 Speaker 2: Though, syphilis affected fertility too, and could be passed on 174 00:12:26,796 --> 00:12:31,396 Speaker 2: to a fetus before birth, so called congenital syphilis. In 175 00:12:31,436 --> 00:12:36,356 Speaker 2: the days before antibiotics, this was a terrible disease. So 176 00:12:36,516 --> 00:12:40,436 Speaker 2: as to avoid giving of fence to Gothenberg's respectable citizens, 177 00:12:41,156 --> 00:12:44,836 Speaker 2: all suspected and known public women were required to enter 178 00:12:44,876 --> 00:12:50,836 Speaker 2: the police inspection house through a concealed rear passage. Once inside, 179 00:12:51,116 --> 00:12:54,756 Speaker 2: they had to strip naked and form a line. Sometimes, 180 00:12:54,796 --> 00:12:56,956 Speaker 2: if the weight was a long one, they were ordered 181 00:12:56,996 --> 00:13:00,556 Speaker 2: to stand in the outdoor courtyard, shivering in the cold 182 00:13:00,836 --> 00:13:05,476 Speaker 2: as the uniformed officers stood over them. For a young 183 00:13:05,516 --> 00:13:08,516 Speaker 2: woman who had been raised in a religious community, the 184 00:13:08,556 --> 00:13:13,396 Speaker 2: indignant of the experience would have been shocking. However, as 185 00:13:13,436 --> 00:13:17,076 Speaker 2: Elizabeth was pregnant with an illegitimate child, she may well, 186 00:13:17,396 --> 00:13:20,276 Speaker 2: like so many women of her era, have internalized her 187 00:13:20,316 --> 00:13:25,476 Speaker 2: punishment as a justifiable one. Elizabeth can only have been 188 00:13:25,516 --> 00:13:28,876 Speaker 2: subjected to this routine a handful of times before it 189 00:13:28,956 --> 00:13:32,756 Speaker 2: was discovered that she was presenting the symptoms of syphilis. 190 00:13:33,596 --> 00:13:37,356 Speaker 2: She was immediately admitted to the cahouosit or cure House, 191 00:13:37,596 --> 00:13:42,156 Speaker 2: the local venereal disease hospital. These treatment centers, also known 192 00:13:42,156 --> 00:13:45,796 Speaker 2: as Locke hospitals, were designed for poor people. A stay 193 00:13:45,916 --> 00:13:49,916 Speaker 2: here carried profound stigma, and this. 194 00:13:50,116 --> 00:13:53,316 Speaker 4: Was in part of de terrent as well. Like the 195 00:13:53,356 --> 00:13:56,236 Speaker 4: shame and stigma that accompanied entry into a workhouse. A 196 00:13:56,316 --> 00:13:59,996 Speaker 4: similar stigma existed for the lock hospitals, and these were 197 00:14:00,036 --> 00:14:06,956 Speaker 4: institutions that were often seriously underfunded, understaffed, and lacked the 198 00:14:06,996 --> 00:14:10,956 Speaker 4: facilities needed to be able to provide people with effective 199 00:14:10,996 --> 00:14:13,276 Speaker 4: care even by Victorian standards. 200 00:14:14,196 --> 00:14:18,476 Speaker 2: Patients at these institutions were effectively imprisoned, hence the name 201 00:14:18,796 --> 00:14:23,596 Speaker 2: Locke hospital. Some women entered voluntarily, but many were incarcerated 202 00:14:23,636 --> 00:14:28,196 Speaker 2: against their will. At Gothenburg's cure House, attendants and nurses 203 00:14:28,316 --> 00:14:32,716 Speaker 2: used force to subdue patients. It was also overcrowded, and 204 00:14:32,716 --> 00:14:36,636 Speaker 2: when the number of patients exceeded capacity, inmates were made 205 00:14:36,676 --> 00:14:40,476 Speaker 2: to sleep on the floor. Mercury was the go to 206 00:14:40,596 --> 00:14:44,396 Speaker 2: treatment for syphilis at this time. The standard forms were 207 00:14:44,436 --> 00:14:48,676 Speaker 2: an ointment, pill, or tonic, but doctors also experimented with 208 00:14:48,796 --> 00:14:50,276 Speaker 2: other modes of administration. 209 00:14:50,756 --> 00:14:53,316 Speaker 4: Fumigation, I think is the best way to describe it. 210 00:14:53,316 --> 00:14:55,156 Speaker 4: So you'd sit in essentially something that looked a bit 211 00:14:55,196 --> 00:14:58,956 Speaker 4: like a steam room, and mercury infused vapors would be 212 00:14:58,956 --> 00:15:00,516 Speaker 4: pumped in and you sit there and you sort of 213 00:15:00,556 --> 00:15:01,996 Speaker 4: absorb it through your skin. 214 00:15:02,476 --> 00:15:06,636 Speaker 2: There was no standardized dosage for mercury, doctors saw its 215 00:15:06,676 --> 00:15:10,636 Speaker 2: administration as an art rather than a science. It was 216 00:15:10,676 --> 00:15:14,036 Speaker 2: also highly toxic and potentially deadly. 217 00:15:14,156 --> 00:15:19,756 Speaker 4: Severe Mercury poisoning could result in everything from loosened to 218 00:15:19,836 --> 00:15:22,476 Speaker 4: lost teeth and bettered breath all the way through to 219 00:15:22,956 --> 00:15:27,756 Speaker 4: hair loss and changed mental state, very similar symptoms to 220 00:15:27,836 --> 00:15:30,676 Speaker 4: what you might expect in the later stages of syphilis itself. 221 00:15:31,596 --> 00:15:36,756 Speaker 2: Pregnant Elizabeth was spared mercury but treated internally with acid 222 00:15:36,916 --> 00:15:40,796 Speaker 2: while her genital wartz would have been dehydrated or cut off. 223 00:15:41,516 --> 00:15:45,836 Speaker 2: After receiving this cure for seventeen days, she went into 224 00:15:45,876 --> 00:15:50,596 Speaker 2: premature labor. Elizabeth gave birth to a stillborn girl at 225 00:15:50,636 --> 00:15:54,156 Speaker 2: seven months while under lock and key at the cure house, 226 00:15:55,116 --> 00:15:58,516 Speaker 2: a birth certificate was still required. The space for the 227 00:15:58,596 --> 00:16:05,676 Speaker 2: father's name was left blank. Methods of treating syphilis varied 228 00:16:05,756 --> 00:16:10,356 Speaker 2: between countries, but they shared an underlying concept women should 229 00:16:10,356 --> 00:16:13,956 Speaker 2: shoulder the blame for its transmission. If the state could 230 00:16:13,996 --> 00:16:17,636 Speaker 2: control the morally corrupt women the disease is spreaders, then 231 00:16:17,716 --> 00:16:23,036 Speaker 2: the problem would be isolated. Sexually transmitted disease involves two parties, 232 00:16:23,076 --> 00:16:28,156 Speaker 2: of course, but male carriers were exempt from regulation. Unfortunately, 233 00:16:28,276 --> 00:16:32,516 Speaker 2: the idea that women, specifically female sex workers are solely 234 00:16:32,556 --> 00:16:35,476 Speaker 2: responsible for the spread of disease and should be punished 235 00:16:35,516 --> 00:16:38,156 Speaker 2: for it is one that we haven't left behind. 236 00:16:38,396 --> 00:16:41,316 Speaker 5: There's been a long history of sex workers being imprisoned 237 00:16:41,436 --> 00:16:43,516 Speaker 5: under public health justifications. 238 00:16:43,796 --> 00:16:46,916 Speaker 2: Grace is a sex worker from the UK who contacted 239 00:16:46,916 --> 00:16:49,236 Speaker 2: me after reading my work on Elizabeth's life. 240 00:16:49,356 --> 00:16:51,636 Speaker 5: People fear that we will be seen as vector a's 241 00:16:51,636 --> 00:16:55,636 Speaker 5: a disease. So unfortunately, these attitudes do still persist and 242 00:16:55,676 --> 00:16:57,596 Speaker 5: clients let you know about it, leave me. They will 243 00:16:57,636 --> 00:17:00,196 Speaker 5: say things and you fee, do you know what I mean? 244 00:17:00,796 --> 00:17:05,076 Speaker 2: In Elizabeth's time, as for Grace today, attitudes and fears 245 00:17:05,116 --> 00:17:08,516 Speaker 2: around the spread of disease caused women real physical harm too. 246 00:17:09,276 --> 00:17:14,276 Speaker 2: Syphilis inspections were brutally rapid. Fifty women might be examined 247 00:17:14,396 --> 00:17:18,356 Speaker 2: using the same medical instrument in less than two hours, 248 00:17:18,596 --> 00:17:19,996 Speaker 2: says Anne Hanley. 249 00:17:19,756 --> 00:17:23,316 Speaker 4: And that speculum was then passed to the attending nurse, 250 00:17:23,636 --> 00:17:26,796 Speaker 4: who sort of cursorily disinfected it for use on the 251 00:17:26,836 --> 00:17:31,356 Speaker 4: next patient. There's no way that these diagnostic examinations were thorough, 252 00:17:31,556 --> 00:17:34,196 Speaker 4: and there's no way that they were hygienic. In many cases, 253 00:17:34,276 --> 00:17:36,436 Speaker 4: women who may not have had a venereal disease were 254 00:17:36,476 --> 00:17:40,276 Speaker 4: being infected by the very process of examination to determine 255 00:17:40,276 --> 00:17:41,716 Speaker 4: whether or not they were infected. 256 00:17:42,116 --> 00:17:45,116 Speaker 2: Even if women seemed to respond to the rudimentary cures 257 00:17:45,156 --> 00:17:48,276 Speaker 2: on offer and were released from the hospital, their slate 258 00:17:48,516 --> 00:17:52,836 Speaker 2: wasn't white clean. Criminal convictions followed those who had been 259 00:17:52,876 --> 00:17:55,956 Speaker 2: inmates at Locke Hospitals, and once a woman appeared on 260 00:17:55,996 --> 00:17:58,876 Speaker 2: a police register, she would not be able to secure 261 00:17:59,116 --> 00:18:02,996 Speaker 2: respectable work. One of the only ways that she could 262 00:18:03,076 --> 00:18:06,316 Speaker 2: actually sustain herself would be to resort to the profession 263 00:18:06,556 --> 00:18:12,396 Speaker 2: she had been accused of practicing. Constitution. Elizabeth joined the 264 00:18:12,476 --> 00:18:16,196 Speaker 2: ranks of women who sold themselves on a notorious Gothenburg 265 00:18:16,316 --> 00:18:22,116 Speaker 2: thoroughfare known mockingly as the street of many nymphs. As 266 00:18:22,196 --> 00:18:25,236 Speaker 2: open solicitation on the street was forbidden, she would have 267 00:18:25,276 --> 00:18:29,796 Speaker 2: traded discreetly indoors at a brothel, perhaps, or in a coffeehouse. 268 00:18:30,836 --> 00:18:34,356 Speaker 2: Elizabeth had been publicly denounced as a whore, had suffered 269 00:18:34,356 --> 00:18:38,036 Speaker 2: the indignity of police examination, had discovered she carried a 270 00:18:38,116 --> 00:18:42,196 Speaker 2: potentially deadly and disfiguring disease, and had been incarcerated and 271 00:18:42,236 --> 00:18:46,996 Speaker 2: subjected to excruciating medical procedures. Estranged from her family and 272 00:18:47,036 --> 00:18:50,956 Speaker 2: from respectable life. She had then been released onto the street, 273 00:18:51,596 --> 00:18:54,396 Speaker 2: with no friend to whom she could turn in the city. 274 00:18:55,276 --> 00:18:58,836 Speaker 2: It was now that the symptoms of syphilis returned and 275 00:18:58,956 --> 00:19:03,836 Speaker 2: medical incarceration was ordered once more. But just when things 276 00:19:03,836 --> 00:19:08,156 Speaker 2: looked to be at their bleakest, an opportunity appeared, one 277 00:19:08,276 --> 00:19:11,276 Speaker 2: that would changed elizabeth life forever. 278 00:19:12,716 --> 00:19:15,116 Speaker 1: That was a preview of Bad Women. You can binge 279 00:19:15,156 --> 00:19:20,276 Speaker 1: the entire season right now wherever you listen to podcasts. 280 00:19:21,436 --> 00:19:24,956 Speaker 1: It's a powerful show, and I'm very proud that Pushkin 281 00:19:25,436 --> 00:19:28,756 Speaker 1: is able to bring it to you. One last thing 282 00:19:28,796 --> 00:19:31,596 Speaker 1: before you go, a little extra gift for the holidays, 283 00:19:32,076 --> 00:19:34,556 Speaker 1: I just have to share a preview of this month's 284 00:19:34,756 --> 00:19:40,156 Speaker 1: bonus episode of Revisionist History exclusively for Pushkin Plus subscribers. 285 00:19:40,756 --> 00:19:44,276 Speaker 1: Pushkin Plus has everything you love about pushkin shows, plus 286 00:19:44,476 --> 00:19:48,276 Speaker 1: so much more, ad free listening, behind the scenes moments, 287 00:19:48,476 --> 00:19:52,156 Speaker 1: bonus material, crazy as sides, and the excerpt you're about 288 00:19:52,156 --> 00:19:55,236 Speaker 1: to hear is from one of the last and arguably 289 00:19:55,556 --> 00:19:59,196 Speaker 1: one of our best offerings on pushkin Plus this year. 290 00:20:00,436 --> 00:20:03,236 Speaker 1: It's a follow up to one of my favorite episodes 291 00:20:03,396 --> 00:20:06,956 Speaker 1: of Revisionist History, The Dog Will See You Now. You know, 292 00:20:07,276 --> 00:20:10,956 Speaker 1: the one about the COVID sniffing dogs. Well, we've gone 293 00:20:10,996 --> 00:20:23,316 Speaker 1: back for more. Take a listen. A lot has happened 294 00:20:23,356 --> 00:20:26,676 Speaker 1: in Biodetection Canine since we went to visit them. For one, 295 00:20:27,036 --> 00:20:30,756 Speaker 1: the company was recently acquired by another company called Protection 296 00:20:30,876 --> 00:20:35,916 Speaker 1: One Canine. That company specializes in security dogs. Now they're 297 00:20:35,916 --> 00:20:42,756 Speaker 1: all part of the same doggy industrial complex. But something 298 00:20:42,756 --> 00:20:46,716 Speaker 1: else happened. Some of the dogs became Rhodies. Have you 299 00:20:46,716 --> 00:20:50,316 Speaker 1: heard of Eric Church, the country music star who has lyrics. 300 00:20:50,036 --> 00:21:01,716 Speaker 6: Like we recently were part of a Wall Street Journal 301 00:21:01,836 --> 00:21:05,116 Speaker 6: article and if you read the article, Eric Church says 302 00:21:05,196 --> 00:21:09,276 Speaker 6: that having the COVID dogs probably saved the tour that 303 00:21:09,396 --> 00:21:12,476 Speaker 6: all came about because you know, someone within their Church's camp. 304 00:21:12,596 --> 00:21:15,036 Speaker 6: Was a Revisionist History fan and heard the. 305 00:21:14,956 --> 00:21:19,956 Speaker 1: Podcast that's by Detection Canine president Jerry Johnson. You heard him, 306 00:21:20,156 --> 00:21:25,036 Speaker 1: Revisionist History. This very podcast is the connector between country 307 00:21:25,116 --> 00:21:29,596 Speaker 1: music and canines. The Dogs are now backstage COVID sniffers, 308 00:21:29,916 --> 00:21:33,036 Speaker 1: and not just for Eric Church. They're touring with bands 309 00:21:33,116 --> 00:21:41,076 Speaker 1: including the Black Keys and Metallica heavy metal Canines. To 310 00:21:41,116 --> 00:21:43,916 Speaker 1: work with these bands, the Lucky Dogs and their handlers 311 00:21:44,156 --> 00:21:45,516 Speaker 1: travel on the road with the crew. 312 00:21:46,756 --> 00:21:48,836 Speaker 7: How's everybody doing today, I just say, by your mind, 313 00:21:48,836 --> 00:21:50,836 Speaker 7: if I've run the logan dog over the whole part us, 314 00:21:51,556 --> 00:21:53,276 Speaker 7: I'm just gonna you just stand in a single ball 315 00:21:53,396 --> 00:21:55,396 Speaker 7: line and just go ahead and relax your arms on 316 00:21:55,436 --> 00:21:58,516 Speaker 7: your side and the dog will target the left hand. 317 00:21:59,836 --> 00:22:07,476 Speaker 1: Certainly on the day of the show. Mindian Lord to 318 00:22:07,836 --> 00:22:12,636 Speaker 1: adorable German chep for Belgian Melinoise begin work long before 319 00:22:12,676 --> 00:22:13,916 Speaker 1: the music starts. 320 00:22:14,476 --> 00:22:17,516 Speaker 6: So typically the dogs will show up depending on the 321 00:22:17,556 --> 00:22:20,796 Speaker 6: first call, anywhere from five thirty to six thirty in 322 00:22:20,836 --> 00:22:23,716 Speaker 6: the morning, and the first people on scene are usually 323 00:22:23,756 --> 00:22:27,156 Speaker 6: the recording artists people, so they'll come in different shifts 324 00:22:27,156 --> 00:22:30,636 Speaker 6: depending on what their jobs are, so they'll come in 325 00:22:30,636 --> 00:22:33,356 Speaker 6: groups of anywhere from three to ten. The dogs are 326 00:22:33,756 --> 00:22:40,076 Speaker 6: prepositioned at the entrance and everybody comes in. They stand 327 00:22:40,156 --> 00:22:43,476 Speaker 6: in a single file line facing the dog, teams about 328 00:22:43,516 --> 00:22:46,476 Speaker 6: six feet apart, and everybody's kind of socially distanced. And 329 00:22:46,516 --> 00:22:48,516 Speaker 6: then what we have them do is they stand facing 330 00:22:48,516 --> 00:22:50,956 Speaker 6: the dog, nothing in their left hand, and the dog 331 00:22:50,996 --> 00:22:54,116 Speaker 6: comes down and sniffs their left hand. Takes about a 332 00:22:54,156 --> 00:22:57,116 Speaker 6: second per person, and then you know, when they're done. 333 00:22:57,116 --> 00:23:01,876 Speaker 6: Then they go about and do their work. The dogs, 334 00:23:01,956 --> 00:23:04,836 Speaker 6: I think are probably the most popular. I almost call 335 00:23:04,876 --> 00:23:07,436 Speaker 6: them people the most popular individuals on the show. 336 00:23:10,796 --> 00:23:11,196 Speaker 4: Wow. 337 00:23:12,836 --> 00:23:14,676 Speaker 6: When people arrive, they can't wait too you know, they 338 00:23:14,676 --> 00:23:16,916 Speaker 6: automatically go to where they need to stand so they 339 00:23:16,996 --> 00:23:19,796 Speaker 6: get sniffed. That. 340 00:23:20,276 --> 00:23:22,676 Speaker 7: So you you're such a three girl. 341 00:23:23,876 --> 00:23:25,436 Speaker 5: Oh my goodness, I help you. 342 00:23:27,076 --> 00:23:29,356 Speaker 4: What's smart? Baby? So smart? 343 00:23:29,756 --> 00:23:30,676 Speaker 1: It's a great environment. 344 00:23:30,836 --> 00:23:31,756 Speaker 4: That's so crazy. 345 00:23:33,436 --> 00:23:35,356 Speaker 1: If you like what you heard, you can hear the 346 00:23:35,396 --> 00:23:39,356 Speaker 1: rest by subscribing to Pushkin Plus on the Revisionist History 347 00:23:39,396 --> 00:23:43,796 Speaker 1: Show page in Apple Podcasts or at pushkin dot fm 348 00:23:43,916 --> 00:23:47,196 Speaker 1: slash plus. It's only four ninety nine a month. It's 349 00:23:47,196 --> 00:23:49,836 Speaker 1: a cup of coffee. And if you're already a subscriber, 350 00:23:50,236 --> 00:23:53,636 Speaker 1: thank you. We hope you've enjoyed the uninterrupted listening and 351 00:23:53,756 --> 00:23:58,356 Speaker 1: bonus content from other Pushkin shows. Thanks for listening, and 352 00:23:58,556 --> 00:24:02,076 Speaker 1: stay tuned for more bonus episodes coming soon.