1 00:00:10,240 --> 00:00:13,440 Speaker 1: You're listening to the second and final part of Unexplained, 2 00:00:13,760 --> 00:00:25,600 Speaker 1: Season seven, episode three, Under black Water one late December 3 00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:29,319 Speaker 1: night in nineteen thirty eight, at the mouth of Shlumna Bay, 4 00:00:29,840 --> 00:00:33,640 Speaker 1: just off the coast of South Africa, Captain Hendrik Goosen 5 00:00:33,960 --> 00:00:36,839 Speaker 1: smokes a cigarette on the bridge of his fishing trawler 6 00:00:37,159 --> 00:00:42,360 Speaker 1: than the rhine reflections from the stars of southern constellations 7 00:00:42,560 --> 00:00:45,960 Speaker 1: sparkle and the calm otion waters as he watches the 8 00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:50,720 Speaker 1: crew haul in the ship's nets. Just then, his eye 9 00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:54,360 Speaker 1: is momentarily caught by the sudden appearance of an oddly 10 00:00:54,600 --> 00:00:58,520 Speaker 1: bluish colored fin amid the thrashing of fish and shark 11 00:00:58,800 --> 00:01:01,720 Speaker 1: caught in the nets. But with so much work to 12 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:04,920 Speaker 1: be done, the captain thinks little more of it as 13 00:01:04,959 --> 00:01:08,040 Speaker 1: he finishes off his cigarette and heads down to help 14 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:13,480 Speaker 1: his men on the deck. The next morning, Marjorie Courtney Latimer, 15 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:17,800 Speaker 1: a curator of natural history at a small museum in 16 00:01:17,840 --> 00:01:21,600 Speaker 1: the port town of East London on South Africa's Eastern Cape, 17 00:01:22,080 --> 00:01:27,000 Speaker 1: receives a phone call a local fishing trawler manager wants 18 00:01:27,040 --> 00:01:29,119 Speaker 1: to know if she is interested in taking a look 19 00:01:29,360 --> 00:01:33,399 Speaker 1: at a strange fish that has just been brought in 20 00:01:33,440 --> 00:01:35,640 Speaker 1: an hour or so later, she was stood on the 21 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:39,319 Speaker 1: deck of the Nerhine scouring the mound of dead fish 22 00:01:39,400 --> 00:01:44,840 Speaker 1: and sharks until she spots it, an unusual bluey gray 23 00:01:44,920 --> 00:01:49,560 Speaker 1: finn poking out of one of the piles. About one 24 00:01:49,560 --> 00:01:53,000 Speaker 1: and a half meters long. The fish was heavily scaled, 25 00:01:53,520 --> 00:01:59,080 Speaker 1: its fins, rough and stocky, almost limb like. One fisher 26 00:01:59,400 --> 00:02:03,640 Speaker 1: standing nearby tells Courtney Latimer that in more than thirty 27 00:02:03,720 --> 00:02:07,240 Speaker 1: years of fishing around the world, he's never seen anything 28 00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:12,000 Speaker 1: like it. In fact, nobody was thought to have ever 29 00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:14,800 Speaker 1: seen anything like it, since it was the post of 30 00:02:14,880 --> 00:02:20,639 Speaker 1: gone extinct sixty six million years ago. The fish was 31 00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:24,440 Speaker 1: a sealercanth. All that had been founded them prior to 32 00:02:24,520 --> 00:02:28,680 Speaker 1: then were fossils dating from four hundred to sixty six 33 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:32,079 Speaker 1: million years ago, at which point they were assumed to 34 00:02:32,160 --> 00:02:36,320 Speaker 1: have gone extinct with the dinosaurs. Finding a living one 35 00:02:36,680 --> 00:02:40,840 Speaker 1: was like finding a Tyrannosaurus Rex wandering around your garden. 36 00:02:42,360 --> 00:02:45,240 Speaker 1: It was a rare instance of what is sometimes called 37 00:02:45,560 --> 00:02:50,560 Speaker 1: a Lazarus taxon, meaning a taxonomic group that disappeared from 38 00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:56,600 Speaker 1: the fossil record, only to mysteriously reappear again. Then, in 39 00:02:56,720 --> 00:03:01,520 Speaker 1: nineteen fifty two, a second was found near the Comoros Islands, 40 00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:05,520 Speaker 1: just to the east of Mozambique in Africa, and soon 41 00:03:06,160 --> 00:03:09,240 Speaker 1: some began to wonder if there were any other unknown 42 00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:13,080 Speaker 1: species still out there, waiting to be discovered in the 43 00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:17,760 Speaker 1: deep waters of the world's lonelier corners, lurking under the 44 00:03:17,800 --> 00:03:25,200 Speaker 1: nose of modern civilization. You're listening to Unexplained, and I'm 45 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:37,440 Speaker 1: Richard McLean Smith. In nineteen fifty seven, author Constance White 46 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:41,600 Speaker 1: published the book More Than a Legend, The Story of 47 00:03:41,640 --> 00:03:45,240 Speaker 1: the Lochness Monster. It spoke to the zeitgeist of the 48 00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:49,520 Speaker 1: emerging times with its renewed fascination in the possible existence 49 00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:53,280 Speaker 1: of cryptid creatures, fueled by the finding of the second 50 00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:59,080 Speaker 1: living selacanth. Extant monster sightings were also now being reported. 51 00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:04,160 Speaker 1: Bigfoot stories were emerging from America, and tales of the 52 00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:09,640 Speaker 1: Yeti emerged from the Himalayas. In her book, Constance White 53 00:04:09,880 --> 00:04:14,360 Speaker 1: cataloged around eighty sightings of the apparent Lochness Monster from 54 00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:19,440 Speaker 1: multiple witnesses, some corroborated by other observers who had apparently 55 00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:25,359 Speaker 1: seen the same thing simultaneously from nearby locations. Flat, calm 56 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:29,800 Speaker 1: water and hot days were the most favorable conditions, with 57 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:33,479 Speaker 1: hot spots for sightings tending to be where rivers ran 58 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:37,320 Speaker 1: into the loch. Temple Pier on the north side of 59 00:04:37,480 --> 00:04:41,760 Speaker 1: Urkut Bay was the scene of hundreds of reports, while 60 00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:45,640 Speaker 1: Alexander Ross, the former peer master there, claimed to have 61 00:04:45,640 --> 00:04:50,640 Speaker 1: seen the creature at least fifteen times himself. On the 62 00:04:50,680 --> 00:04:56,080 Speaker 1: fourteenth of July nineteen fifty one, local woodsmen Lochland Stewart, 63 00:04:56,600 --> 00:05:00,000 Speaker 1: was clearing trees one hundred feet above the shore where 64 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:02,920 Speaker 1: when he claimed to have spotted a humped object moving 65 00:05:03,040 --> 00:05:06,080 Speaker 1: fast up the loch. The picture he got with his 66 00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:11,360 Speaker 1: box camera showed three angular blackish humps, each about five 67 00:05:11,400 --> 00:05:15,680 Speaker 1: foot long and three feet out of the water. A 68 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:18,800 Speaker 1: long neck with a sheep sized head was then said 69 00:05:18,839 --> 00:05:23,440 Speaker 1: to have appeared momentarily before it feared away with much splashing. 70 00:05:25,240 --> 00:05:29,080 Speaker 1: Constance White took a stab at creating a composite picture 71 00:05:29,279 --> 00:05:32,919 Speaker 1: of so called NeSSI from the multitude of reports and 72 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:37,840 Speaker 1: photographs describing the creature as being anywhere from twenty to 73 00:05:37,920 --> 00:05:42,039 Speaker 1: fifty feet long, with a bulky body, a dark elephant 74 00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:47,160 Speaker 1: like skin, up to seven humps, a long snakelike neck, 75 00:05:47,760 --> 00:05:51,680 Speaker 1: a small flat head which had two horn like structures, 76 00:05:52,320 --> 00:05:56,680 Speaker 1: a long, blunt ended tail, two pairs of powerful flippers, 77 00:05:57,160 --> 00:06:00,080 Speaker 1: and the ability to swim at up to thirty miles 78 00:06:00,120 --> 00:06:05,640 Speaker 1: per hour. Many people thought it resembled at Plesiosore, mostly 79 00:06:05,680 --> 00:06:09,479 Speaker 1: on account of the famed surgeon's photo. As documented in 80 00:06:09,520 --> 00:06:14,320 Speaker 1: the first part of this episode. White postulated that the 81 00:06:14,320 --> 00:06:17,920 Speaker 1: creature had possibly got into the lock during the melting 82 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:22,680 Speaker 1: of the last ice age. The nineteen fifties were a 83 00:06:22,760 --> 00:06:26,359 Speaker 1: time when most people got their entertainment from the radio 84 00:06:26,480 --> 00:06:31,279 Speaker 1: and books. Television was a luxury available to only a few, 85 00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:35,400 Speaker 1: but with the dawning of the nineteen sixties, small black 86 00:06:35,400 --> 00:06:39,920 Speaker 1: and white television sets started appearing in more and more homes. 87 00:06:40,480 --> 00:06:44,839 Speaker 1: Natural history was a popular topic for programming in these 88 00:06:44,960 --> 00:06:49,040 Speaker 1: changing times. Theories about the Lochness Monster, for those who 89 00:06:49,120 --> 00:06:52,920 Speaker 1: gave credence to the sightings, began to diverge into two 90 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:57,839 Speaker 1: distinct camps, one that believed the creature was some kind 91 00:06:57,880 --> 00:07:02,279 Speaker 1: of supernatural phenomenon, and the other who preferred to take 92 00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:16,400 Speaker 1: a more scientific approach. It was the start of the 93 00:07:16,440 --> 00:07:21,440 Speaker 1: Easter weekend in April nineteen sixty when Tim Dinsdale arrived 94 00:07:21,480 --> 00:07:26,440 Speaker 1: at Lochness trained as an aeronautical engineer, but bored in 95 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:30,040 Speaker 1: his job at Heathrow Airport. Dinsdale was excited to be 96 00:07:30,120 --> 00:07:35,320 Speaker 1: on holiday pursuing his true passion, searching for the Lochness Monster. 97 00:07:36,120 --> 00:07:39,640 Speaker 1: He spent his days driving along the shore road with 98 00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:43,480 Speaker 1: a Bolex Ciney camera loaded with sixteen millimeter black and 99 00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:47,680 Speaker 1: white film, but saw nothing out of the ordinary. That 100 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:51,920 Speaker 1: was until the last day of his week long trip. 101 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:55,760 Speaker 1: It was some time around eight thirty a m. When 102 00:07:55,840 --> 00:08:00,560 Speaker 1: Dinsdale spotted a humped object around thirteen hundred year from 103 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:05,480 Speaker 1: the shore. Dinsdale filmed the object in bursts, tracking it 104 00:08:05,560 --> 00:08:09,200 Speaker 1: for about four minutes as it carved a zigzag course 105 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:13,440 Speaker 1: across the loch's surface before it disappeared into a patch 106 00:08:13,520 --> 00:08:18,720 Speaker 1: of dark water. A short time later, Dinsdale screened the 107 00:08:18,760 --> 00:08:22,240 Speaker 1: film for a gathering of top zoologists at London Zoo, 108 00:08:22,840 --> 00:08:27,800 Speaker 1: converting skeptics into believers in the process. Among them was 109 00:08:27,840 --> 00:08:31,720 Speaker 1: a man named Peter Scott. Scott was the son of 110 00:08:31,800 --> 00:08:36,240 Speaker 1: famed explorer Robert Falcon Scott, who died in Antarctica in 111 00:08:36,360 --> 00:08:40,200 Speaker 1: nineteen twelve during a failed expedition to become the first 112 00:08:40,280 --> 00:08:44,400 Speaker 1: person to reach the South Pole. At the time, Peter 113 00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:48,680 Speaker 1: Scott was a respected ornithologist and conservationist who would go 114 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:52,560 Speaker 1: on to help establish the Worldwide Fund for Nature, among 115 00:08:52,640 --> 00:08:57,480 Speaker 1: other notable achievements. In nineteen sixty he was perhaps best 116 00:08:57,520 --> 00:09:02,080 Speaker 1: known for presenting the BBC's natural life history show called Look. 117 00:09:03,520 --> 00:09:08,119 Speaker 1: In June, a still from Tim Dinsdale's film was published 118 00:09:08,120 --> 00:09:13,000 Speaker 1: in the British Daily Mail newspaper, while Dinsdale also appeared 119 00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:17,280 Speaker 1: on BBC News, and soon after he was introduced to 120 00:09:17,360 --> 00:09:22,400 Speaker 1: Peter Scott. Having been impressed by Dinsdale, Scott, who was 121 00:09:22,480 --> 00:09:26,000 Speaker 1: well known to the royal family, visited the Queen and 122 00:09:26,120 --> 00:09:30,200 Speaker 1: assured her that Dinsdale was onto something. The hunt for 123 00:09:30,320 --> 00:09:36,160 Speaker 1: Nessie was back on. One zoologist in particular, decided to 124 00:09:36,200 --> 00:09:41,120 Speaker 1: go all out for direct proof of Nessie's existence. Retired 125 00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:45,840 Speaker 1: senior zoologist at London's Natural History Museum, Dr Morris Burton, 126 00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:50,720 Speaker 1: knew that NeSSI could not be a plesiosaur. According to him, 127 00:09:51,320 --> 00:09:54,640 Speaker 1: even if some of these cold blooded creatures had somehow 128 00:09:54,679 --> 00:09:59,200 Speaker 1: survived the mass dinosaur extinctions sixty six million years ago, 129 00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:04,160 Speaker 1: they would not survive in Lockness's chilly waters. As a 130 00:10:04,200 --> 00:10:08,280 Speaker 1: first step, Burton brought together a team of scientists who 131 00:10:08,320 --> 00:10:11,400 Speaker 1: spent two weeks on the lock in a dinghy. They 132 00:10:11,440 --> 00:10:15,240 Speaker 1: measured the distances over which eyewitness reports had been made 133 00:10:15,559 --> 00:10:20,000 Speaker 1: to test whether human visual acuity could match the details relayed. 134 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:24,280 Speaker 1: Their analysis of the data revealed that many of the 135 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:30,160 Speaker 1: reports were simply beyond the realms of physical possibility. Next, 136 00:10:30,480 --> 00:10:35,160 Speaker 1: Burton and his team decided to try something altogether more practical. 137 00:10:36,080 --> 00:10:39,560 Speaker 1: In previous zoological hunting trips off the coast of Cornwall, 138 00:10:39,679 --> 00:10:42,719 Speaker 1: in the southwest of England, they'd found that dragging a 139 00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:47,880 Speaker 1: net containing rotting fish guts seasoned liberally with pilchered oil 140 00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:53,360 Speaker 1: was wonderfully effective at attracting sharks. How could such a treat, 141 00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:57,400 Speaker 1: they thought, fail to bring Nessie up from the debts. 142 00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:02,960 Speaker 1: Despite numerous efforts, however, the supposed monster refused to take 143 00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:08,040 Speaker 1: the bait. Burton concluded that in the most part NeSSI 144 00:11:08,240 --> 00:11:13,080 Speaker 1: was nothing more than rafts of decaying vegetation seen floating 145 00:11:13,160 --> 00:11:16,200 Speaker 1: on the surface of the loch, but it did little 146 00:11:16,600 --> 00:11:27,640 Speaker 1: to deter the true believers. In July nineteen sixty two, 147 00:11:27,800 --> 00:11:33,120 Speaker 1: David James, a former navyman turned politician, launched an expedition 148 00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:37,640 Speaker 1: for which he enlisted Lieutenant Colonel H. G. Hassler, a 149 00:11:37,679 --> 00:11:42,679 Speaker 1: hero of British World War II naval operations. The campaign 150 00:11:42,800 --> 00:11:47,560 Speaker 1: began in true military style with a scouting expedition. The 151 00:11:47,640 --> 00:11:50,600 Speaker 1: loch was swept from end to end with a sonar 152 00:11:50,720 --> 00:11:55,640 Speaker 1: curtain using echo location that spanned its width and plumbed 153 00:11:55,679 --> 00:12:00,600 Speaker 1: its full depths. Three objects too big to be large 154 00:12:00,640 --> 00:12:06,599 Speaker 1: fish were discovered under the water, and so on October thirteenth, 155 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:12,400 Speaker 1: the full assault began. Urkott Bay, located two thirds of 156 00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:15,679 Speaker 1: the way up on the lock's northern shore, was selected 157 00:12:15,720 --> 00:12:20,080 Speaker 1: as the key point of interest. There, David James and 158 00:12:20,200 --> 00:12:23,360 Speaker 1: an eighteen strong team set up a number of search 159 00:12:23,480 --> 00:12:28,040 Speaker 1: lights to rove across the bay after dark. When night descended, 160 00:12:28,520 --> 00:12:31,800 Speaker 1: the lights were switched on and swept across the black 161 00:12:31,840 --> 00:12:35,160 Speaker 1: water as the team kept watch for any sign of 162 00:12:35,240 --> 00:12:41,040 Speaker 1: unusual activity. Then, on James's signal, sticks of jellyg night 163 00:12:41,320 --> 00:12:45,040 Speaker 1: were lit and dropped into the water, and moments later 164 00:12:45,320 --> 00:12:50,240 Speaker 1: they exploded, sending huge plumes of water shooting into the air, 165 00:12:50,920 --> 00:12:54,880 Speaker 1: the idea being to try and scare anything lurking down 166 00:12:54,920 --> 00:12:58,840 Speaker 1: there up to the surface. The test was repeated for 167 00:12:58,920 --> 00:13:01,920 Speaker 1: a number of days, with only a few dead fish 168 00:13:02,280 --> 00:13:06,640 Speaker 1: and glimpses of familiar terrified living ones to show for it, 169 00:13:07,679 --> 00:13:13,800 Speaker 1: but then on October nineteenth, something else was spotted. As 170 00:13:13,840 --> 00:13:17,280 Speaker 1: the blast from another round of jellignite rang out, one 171 00:13:17,320 --> 00:13:20,640 Speaker 1: of the search teams spotted a vast shoal of salmon 172 00:13:20,920 --> 00:13:24,880 Speaker 1: thrashing about on the water's surface, about two hundred yards 173 00:13:24,920 --> 00:13:27,600 Speaker 1: from Temple Pier on the northern side of the bay, 174 00:13:28,320 --> 00:13:33,240 Speaker 1: and right behind them was a long, indeterminate shape roughly 175 00:13:33,320 --> 00:13:36,760 Speaker 1: ten feet in length that appeared to be chasing them. 176 00:13:37,880 --> 00:13:41,920 Speaker 1: This moment was captured on film by former naval seamen 177 00:13:42,280 --> 00:13:46,560 Speaker 1: John Luff. In all his years at sea, Luff said 178 00:13:46,559 --> 00:13:51,480 Speaker 1: he'd never seen anything like it. The Royal Air Force's 179 00:13:51,520 --> 00:13:57,120 Speaker 1: own Central Reconnaissance Establishment examined Luff's footage frame by frame, 180 00:13:57,720 --> 00:14:01,560 Speaker 1: concluding that it showed about eight feet of something dark 181 00:14:01,600 --> 00:14:05,800 Speaker 1: and glistening, which was not a wave effect, but rather 182 00:14:06,520 --> 00:14:12,160 Speaker 1: something with solidity. After also examining the evidence, a panel 183 00:14:12,440 --> 00:14:16,400 Speaker 1: comprised of members of the UK's Royal Society picked by 184 00:14:16,559 --> 00:14:21,480 Speaker 1: zoologist Peter Scott also concluded that there was indeed something 185 00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:26,200 Speaker 1: real there that would require more rigorous study. By then, 186 00:14:26,840 --> 00:14:30,880 Speaker 1: Scott had also spent some time actively searching for the creature. 187 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:35,560 Speaker 1: In nineteen sixty three, he led three gliders in survey 188 00:14:35,640 --> 00:14:39,440 Speaker 1: flights over the loch, but the pilots failed to spot anything. 189 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:43,800 Speaker 1: The same year, in the summer, David James and his 190 00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:48,120 Speaker 1: retired military helpers returned to the loch for a second time, 191 00:14:48,520 --> 00:14:53,600 Speaker 1: hoping to collect irrefutable proof of Nessi's existence. This time, 192 00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:57,920 Speaker 1: the team mounted two thirty five millimeter cameras on opposite 193 00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:01,680 Speaker 1: sides of the loch. The night before their mission was 194 00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:05,920 Speaker 1: due to start, a school teacher reported a convincing Nessy 195 00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:10,280 Speaker 1: sighting not far from Urkutt Castle, where the team were based. 196 00:15:11,080 --> 00:15:14,480 Speaker 1: It seemed like a good omen, but no sooner had 197 00:15:14,520 --> 00:15:18,560 Speaker 1: the cameras been started up, a mist crept across the loch, 198 00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:24,280 Speaker 1: limiting visibility to a hundred yards. Over the next six months, 199 00:15:24,520 --> 00:15:28,600 Speaker 1: there were just fifteen clear days in which David James 200 00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:32,480 Speaker 1: and his team captured nothing of note, and for the 201 00:15:32,480 --> 00:15:37,400 Speaker 1: best part of a decade no further credible sightings were reported. 202 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:49,280 Speaker 1: One sunny day in June nineteen seventy two, wealthy American 203 00:15:49,360 --> 00:15:53,880 Speaker 1: lawyer and inventor Robert Rhines was enjoying tea and scones 204 00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:57,840 Speaker 1: with his friends Winifred and Basil Carey at their home 205 00:15:58,240 --> 00:16:03,880 Speaker 1: overlooking Urkut Bay. The China cups and saucers clinked daintily 206 00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:07,880 Speaker 1: on the terrace as Winifred poured out the tea. When 207 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:11,760 Speaker 1: suddenly there was a disturbance in the water about half 208 00:16:11,800 --> 00:16:16,920 Speaker 1: a mile off shore. Basil hurried to fetch his brass telescope, 209 00:16:17,280 --> 00:16:21,320 Speaker 1: through which they all in turn observed a darkish hump 210 00:16:21,840 --> 00:16:27,320 Speaker 1: about twenty feet long gliding through the water. The American 211 00:16:27,440 --> 00:16:33,000 Speaker 1: Robert Rhines was transfixed. From that day on he became 212 00:16:33,080 --> 00:16:37,840 Speaker 1: obsessed with the possibility of the Loch ness Monster. The 213 00:16:37,880 --> 00:16:41,280 Speaker 1: following year, he returned to the loch, this time with 214 00:16:41,360 --> 00:16:45,440 Speaker 1: a hundred thousand dollars of equipment, which included two fully 215 00:16:45,480 --> 00:16:50,920 Speaker 1: start vessels, a sixteen millimeter underwater camera, and most crucially, 216 00:16:51,200 --> 00:16:54,640 Speaker 1: a sonar unit which would alert the team if a 217 00:16:54,720 --> 00:16:59,680 Speaker 1: large object passed in front of the camera lens. Rhines 218 00:17:00,200 --> 00:17:04,720 Speaker 1: the equipment positioned on an underwater ridge just off Temple Pier, 219 00:17:05,119 --> 00:17:09,000 Speaker 1: where frequent sightings of NeSSI had been reported, while his 220 00:17:09,119 --> 00:17:12,760 Speaker 1: two vessels, the Nan and the Narwal, hunted for the 221 00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:18,240 Speaker 1: creature on the surface. At one thirty am on August eighth, 222 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:23,440 Speaker 1: nineteen seventy three, the waters were deathly still as Peter Davis, 223 00:17:23,760 --> 00:17:26,960 Speaker 1: captain of the Narwal, fought to stay awake on the 224 00:17:27,080 --> 00:17:31,679 Speaker 1: night watch. Ten minutes later, he was jolted from semi 225 00:17:31,720 --> 00:17:35,680 Speaker 1: sleep when the water's surface began to boil with turbulence. 226 00:17:36,400 --> 00:17:39,800 Speaker 1: Shining his torch over the side, Davis could just make 227 00:17:39,880 --> 00:17:43,200 Speaker 1: out the thrashing and leaping bodies of a large run 228 00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:47,439 Speaker 1: of salmon dashing past the boat. Davis rushed to the 229 00:17:47,440 --> 00:17:51,760 Speaker 1: bridge and checked the sonar. The fish appeared as pinpoints, 230 00:17:52,040 --> 00:17:55,879 Speaker 1: rapidly turning into flashing streaks as they sped away like 231 00:17:55,960 --> 00:18:01,200 Speaker 1: a storm of shooting stars. Then something else, much larger 232 00:18:01,240 --> 00:18:05,639 Speaker 1: and denser, began to take form. Davis felt a surge 233 00:18:05,680 --> 00:18:10,040 Speaker 1: of excitement at the sheer size of it. The excitement 234 00:18:10,119 --> 00:18:12,840 Speaker 1: soon turned to fear, however, when he climbed into the 235 00:18:12,920 --> 00:18:15,879 Speaker 1: Narwal's small tender boat to alert the crew of the 236 00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:20,040 Speaker 1: Nan who controlled the underwater camera. With the prospect of 237 00:18:20,080 --> 00:18:23,800 Speaker 1: a very large animal moving about in the water just 238 00:18:24,040 --> 00:18:29,399 Speaker 1: thirty feet below him, with trembling hands, he cast off 239 00:18:29,440 --> 00:18:33,919 Speaker 1: and began to row. Before long, he'd made it the 240 00:18:33,960 --> 00:18:37,480 Speaker 1: forty meters across to the Nan, and the cameras were 241 00:18:37,520 --> 00:18:42,760 Speaker 1: promptly turned on Later that morning, the film was recovered 242 00:18:42,800 --> 00:18:47,360 Speaker 1: and sent to New York to be developed. Meanwhile, Rhines 243 00:18:47,400 --> 00:18:50,800 Speaker 1: and his team were left to pore over the sonar traces, 244 00:18:51,200 --> 00:18:55,400 Speaker 1: concluding that the large, dense object was an aquatic animal 245 00:18:56,160 --> 00:19:00,159 Speaker 1: estimated to be between twenty to thirty feet long, with 246 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:13,920 Speaker 1: appendages as much as ten feet long. When the photos 247 00:19:13,960 --> 00:19:17,840 Speaker 1: came back from New York, Robert Ryanes was disappointed to 248 00:19:17,840 --> 00:19:21,720 Speaker 1: find that almost two thousand frames of the developed footage 249 00:19:22,080 --> 00:19:26,480 Speaker 1: showed nothing but blackness. But then on four of the 250 00:19:26,520 --> 00:19:31,200 Speaker 1: frames was the hazy outline of something large and solid. 251 00:19:32,240 --> 00:19:35,919 Speaker 1: Encouraged by the images, Ryans had the frames sent to 252 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:40,880 Speaker 1: a contact who worked at the Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena, California. 253 00:19:41,840 --> 00:19:45,960 Speaker 1: There they ran the images through the same computerized enhancement 254 00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:51,120 Speaker 1: that NASA used on images from space missions. The result 255 00:19:51,359 --> 00:19:55,480 Speaker 1: was four high definition black and white images which seemed 256 00:19:55,480 --> 00:19:58,880 Speaker 1: to show the clear outline of a massive object under 257 00:19:58,920 --> 00:20:02,760 Speaker 1: the water. Ryanes and his team were most excited by 258 00:20:02,800 --> 00:20:06,440 Speaker 1: the fourth image, which appeared to show a diamond shaped, 259 00:20:06,640 --> 00:20:11,320 Speaker 1: mottled thing with a central rib estimated to be six 260 00:20:11,359 --> 00:20:15,280 Speaker 1: feet long and two feet across. It looked like a 261 00:20:15,359 --> 00:20:20,920 Speaker 1: giant flipper. Unlike that of any known living aquatic animal. 262 00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:26,040 Speaker 1: With this sensational piece of new evidence to hand, Rhyanes 263 00:20:26,160 --> 00:20:29,919 Speaker 1: had the images published in the American news magazine Time 264 00:20:30,359 --> 00:20:36,000 Speaker 1: and the Massachusetts Institute of Technologies in house journal Technology Review. 265 00:20:37,240 --> 00:20:42,160 Speaker 1: In nineteen seventy five, Ryanes met naturalist Peter Scott, by 266 00:20:42,200 --> 00:20:46,080 Speaker 1: which time he'd collected even more images of the supposed creature. 267 00:20:47,040 --> 00:20:51,359 Speaker 1: One frame depicted a long, slender structure curving up from 268 00:20:51,359 --> 00:20:57,040 Speaker 1: a bulbous shape which had two angular flipperlike protuberances. A 269 00:20:57,200 --> 00:21:01,879 Speaker 1: second showed a seemingly organic man pock marked with deep 270 00:21:01,960 --> 00:21:08,280 Speaker 1: shadows with two peculiar stalklike projections for an ecstatic rhymes. 271 00:21:08,640 --> 00:21:12,720 Speaker 1: The first image was clearly the creature's torso, and the 272 00:21:12,760 --> 00:21:17,000 Speaker 1: second was the creature's face looking straight at the camera, 273 00:21:18,080 --> 00:21:23,399 Speaker 1: the deepest pool of shadow apparently its open mouth. Peter 274 00:21:23,520 --> 00:21:29,080 Speaker 1: Scott was intrigued, but soon afterwards five senior scientists from 275 00:21:29,119 --> 00:21:34,280 Speaker 1: the Natural History Museum in London, including experts in zoology, fish, 276 00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:39,920 Speaker 1: paleontology and fossil reptiles, concluded there was nothing to suggest 277 00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:43,720 Speaker 1: there really was an unknown giant animal in the photographs. 278 00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:48,080 Speaker 1: The apparent torso, they said, was more likely to be 279 00:21:48,160 --> 00:21:52,080 Speaker 1: a large log or a swarm of midge lava appearing 280 00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:55,879 Speaker 1: as a solid mass, while the apparent image of the 281 00:21:55,920 --> 00:21:59,840 Speaker 1: creature's head was more likely that of a dead horse. 282 00:22:01,400 --> 00:22:04,520 Speaker 1: By then, Peter Scott had become the president of the 283 00:22:04,560 --> 00:22:08,800 Speaker 1: World Wildlife Fund. Despite the debunking of the so called 284 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:13,600 Speaker 1: NeSSI evidence by most in mainstream science, Scott was so 285 00:22:13,680 --> 00:22:18,880 Speaker 1: convinced the creature existed that he proposed the WWF adopt 286 00:22:19,040 --> 00:22:22,600 Speaker 1: NeSSI as a real creature and even use it as 287 00:22:22,640 --> 00:22:27,280 Speaker 1: their new logo. After all, if it were real, it 288 00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:30,200 Speaker 1: would prove to be a prime example of a previously 289 00:22:30,359 --> 00:22:35,680 Speaker 1: undiscovered species poised on the brink of extinction, the perfect 290 00:22:35,760 --> 00:22:41,320 Speaker 1: emblem for endangered animals across the globe. Scott also proposed 291 00:22:41,480 --> 00:22:47,680 Speaker 1: a scientific name for it, Nessiterus Rombopteryx NeSSI, from loch 292 00:22:47,840 --> 00:22:54,520 Speaker 1: ness Terras meaning marvel, rombo meaning diamond shape, and terix 293 00:22:54,920 --> 00:22:59,520 Speaker 1: meaning wing or fin. A paper by Scott and Rhines 294 00:22:59,720 --> 00:23:03,959 Speaker 1: dis describing the creature was even published by the journal Nature. 295 00:23:05,240 --> 00:23:09,800 Speaker 1: Within months, however, Ryan's images reached a wider audience and 296 00:23:09,880 --> 00:23:14,840 Speaker 1: a strong consensusubmerged among the experts that its creature was 297 00:23:14,880 --> 00:23:19,800 Speaker 1: nothing more than a collection of inanimate objects. Nature was 298 00:23:19,840 --> 00:23:31,600 Speaker 1: eventually forced to publish a retraction. In May nineteen seventy seven, 299 00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:37,320 Speaker 1: the self described wizard, psychic magician, and monster watcher Anthony 300 00:23:37,440 --> 00:23:41,399 Speaker 1: Dock Shields arrived at Lochness with members of a group 301 00:23:41,720 --> 00:23:46,440 Speaker 1: known as Psychic seven International. Together, they stripped off their 302 00:23:46,480 --> 00:23:50,320 Speaker 1: clothes and stood by the locke, chanting for the apparent 303 00:23:50,440 --> 00:23:55,680 Speaker 1: monster to reveal itself, though nothing happened. A short time later, 304 00:23:55,920 --> 00:23:59,600 Speaker 1: as they trushed back to their cars, Shields and some 305 00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:03,560 Speaker 1: other men members of the group reportedly saw three humps 306 00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:07,919 Speaker 1: gliding through the water towards Fort Augustus at the southern 307 00:24:08,040 --> 00:24:11,760 Speaker 1: end of the loch. Shields had a reputation for being 308 00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:15,240 Speaker 1: a prankster and would later create a series of hoax 309 00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:19,960 Speaker 1: photographs of the loch Ness Monster. He insisted, however, that 310 00:24:20,040 --> 00:24:24,280 Speaker 1: this first sighting was genuine, as an advocate of the 311 00:24:24,280 --> 00:24:28,320 Speaker 1: theory that the monster was some kind of supernatural entity 312 00:24:28,720 --> 00:24:32,680 Speaker 1: inadvertently brought to the lock by Aleister Crowley's unfinished a 313 00:24:32,760 --> 00:24:36,959 Speaker 1: cult ritual back in eighteen ninety nine, it came as 314 00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:41,120 Speaker 1: little surprised to him that soon after his first apparent sighting, 315 00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:44,200 Speaker 1: he and his family had a run of bad luck. 316 00:24:45,119 --> 00:24:48,920 Speaker 1: Shields himself was set upon by a mob while in Plymouth, 317 00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:53,800 Speaker 1: where his beard was later somehow accidentally set on fire. 318 00:24:54,760 --> 00:24:58,160 Speaker 1: One daughter was thrown off a horse, while the other 319 00:24:58,600 --> 00:25:03,280 Speaker 1: was stricken with abdominal pains, and his son was involved 320 00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:08,480 Speaker 1: in a motorbike crash. Soon after, perhaps partially due to 321 00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:13,600 Speaker 1: shields hoax photographs, interest and the Lochness Monster began to 322 00:25:13,680 --> 00:25:18,600 Speaker 1: wane once again. Then, in the mid nineteen nineties, the 323 00:25:18,680 --> 00:25:23,879 Speaker 1: apparent monster's existence was struck another giant blow when a 324 00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:35,199 Speaker 1: man called Maurice Chambers died. Maurice Chambers had been a 325 00:25:35,240 --> 00:25:39,200 Speaker 1: good friend of Marmaduke weather Or, actor and big game 326 00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:43,119 Speaker 1: hunter hired by The Daily Mail back in nineteen thirty 327 00:25:43,160 --> 00:25:47,760 Speaker 1: four to hunt NeSSI. He'd even accompanied weather All on 328 00:25:47,840 --> 00:25:51,359 Speaker 1: that trip, where the hunter not only failed to find 329 00:25:51,400 --> 00:25:56,520 Speaker 1: the monster but presented fake footprints of the creature. After 330 00:25:56,600 --> 00:26:01,640 Speaker 1: Maurice Chambers's death, his personal papers came to light. They 331 00:26:01,680 --> 00:26:06,240 Speaker 1: contained a stunning revelation about the most famous Nessy image 332 00:26:06,280 --> 00:26:11,280 Speaker 1: of all, the so called Surgeon's photograph from nineteen thirty four. 333 00:26:12,560 --> 00:26:17,720 Speaker 1: As it transpired. According to Maurice Chambers's papers, Marmaduke whether 334 00:26:17,800 --> 00:26:21,399 Speaker 1: All had been badly hurt by the ridicule and humiliation 335 00:26:21,640 --> 00:26:24,320 Speaker 1: he suffered at the hands of the Daily Mail in 336 00:26:24,400 --> 00:26:27,119 Speaker 1: the wake of his flimsy efforts to convince the world 337 00:26:27,440 --> 00:26:32,840 Speaker 1: he'd found evidence of the Lochness Monster, and he wanted revenge. 338 00:26:33,119 --> 00:26:37,120 Speaker 1: At some point in nineteen thirty three, Marmaduke whether All 339 00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:41,760 Speaker 1: persuaded his step son, Christian Spurling, who happened to be 340 00:26:41,800 --> 00:26:45,800 Speaker 1: a sculptor, to help him construct a believable model of 341 00:26:45,840 --> 00:26:50,919 Speaker 1: the monster. More than happy to play along, Spurling first 342 00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:55,520 Speaker 1: bought a toy submarine, then, after fashioning a long necked 343 00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:58,480 Speaker 1: beast out of putty, he placed it on top of 344 00:26:58,520 --> 00:27:02,520 Speaker 1: the sub so that its head neck protruded thirty centimeters 345 00:27:02,560 --> 00:27:06,080 Speaker 1: above the water. Whether All then placed the model in 346 00:27:06,119 --> 00:27:10,119 Speaker 1: a quiet cove and photographed it from a convincing distance. 347 00:27:11,080 --> 00:27:14,280 Speaker 1: For the last step in the ruse. Whether All then 348 00:27:14,400 --> 00:27:17,719 Speaker 1: passed the fake photos to a surgeon friend of his, 349 00:27:18,440 --> 00:27:22,960 Speaker 1: Robert Kenneth Wilson. Knowing that Wilson's status as a physician 350 00:27:23,320 --> 00:27:28,320 Speaker 1: would lend credibility to the story. A keen, practical joker himself, 351 00:27:28,600 --> 00:27:33,640 Speaker 1: Wilson agreed to act as the hoaxes. Respectable but anonymous frontman. 352 00:27:34,600 --> 00:27:38,280 Speaker 1: The rest was history, and all the men had been 353 00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:42,320 Speaker 1: prepared to take their secret to the grave. Were it 354 00:27:42,400 --> 00:27:46,440 Speaker 1: not for the discovery of Chambers's papers, the truth about 355 00:27:46,480 --> 00:27:58,119 Speaker 1: the pictures might have forever remained unknown. A few years 356 00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:01,400 Speaker 1: after the truth about the Surgeons photo came to light, 357 00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:06,520 Speaker 1: twenty first century science would deliver a seemingly final, crushing 358 00:28:06,560 --> 00:28:11,280 Speaker 1: blow to the existence of NeSSI. The rapidly evolving techniques 359 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:15,720 Speaker 1: of DNA analysis now means that unknown creatures can be 360 00:28:15,800 --> 00:28:20,080 Speaker 1: identified by more than just blood and bones. In the 361 00:28:20,119 --> 00:28:24,680 Speaker 1: early two thousands, Brian Sykes, a professor of human genetics 362 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:28,520 Speaker 1: at Oxford University, found a way to extract and analyze 363 00:28:28,640 --> 00:28:33,200 Speaker 1: DNA from hair samples, which he applied to alleged Bigfoot 364 00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:38,000 Speaker 1: and Yetty hair collected across North America and Asia. The 365 00:28:38,120 --> 00:28:43,040 Speaker 1: DNA evidence showed only wild and domestic animals, already well 366 00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:46,680 Speaker 1: known and local to the sites where the hair samples 367 00:28:46,720 --> 00:28:52,840 Speaker 1: had been found. In twenty nineteen, genetics professor Neil Gemmel 368 00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:57,320 Speaker 1: from New Zealand's University of Otago announced the results of 369 00:28:57,360 --> 00:29:01,600 Speaker 1: genetically profiling two hundred and fifty one water samples taken 370 00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:06,760 Speaker 1: from the Edges Centre and very depths of Lochness. His 371 00:29:06,880 --> 00:29:11,480 Speaker 1: team's analysis of this so called environmental DNA showed all 372 00:29:11,520 --> 00:29:15,000 Speaker 1: the fish and other freshwater species that you'd expect to 373 00:29:15,040 --> 00:29:19,000 Speaker 1: find there, along with the DNA from familiar land based 374 00:29:19,040 --> 00:29:23,240 Speaker 1: animals that lived around the loch. There was no evidence 375 00:29:23,320 --> 00:29:28,200 Speaker 1: of an unknown species or a giant sturgeon, the most 376 00:29:28,240 --> 00:29:33,640 Speaker 1: often quoted likely cause of Lockness Monster reports. But what 377 00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:39,600 Speaker 1: the team did find was eel DNA in abundance. To date, 378 00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:43,480 Speaker 1: the largest eel ever found measured no more than ten 379 00:29:43,560 --> 00:29:48,880 Speaker 1: feet long. But in Professor Gemmill's conclusions, he stated, we 380 00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:54,000 Speaker 1: can't discount the possibility that there maybe giant eels in Lochness, 381 00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:59,360 Speaker 1: adding as a geneticist, I think about mutations and natural 382 00:29:59,440 --> 00:30:05,520 Speaker 1: variation a lot, and it seems not impossible that something 383 00:30:05,600 --> 00:30:12,560 Speaker 1: could grow to an unusual size. Tantalizingly, Gemmel made one 384 00:30:12,680 --> 00:30:17,800 Speaker 1: final remark, given the vast volume of water in Lochness 385 00:30:18,400 --> 00:30:23,720 Speaker 1: and that environmental DNA signals in water dissipate quickly, there 386 00:30:23,760 --> 00:30:27,680 Speaker 1: remains the possibility there is something present that we did 387 00:30:27,720 --> 00:30:34,480 Speaker 1: not detect. Nonetheless, sightings that the Lockness Monster continue as 388 00:30:34,520 --> 00:30:39,280 Speaker 1: recently as June seventeenth, twenty twenty three, a French pharmacist 389 00:30:39,320 --> 00:30:45,720 Speaker 1: from Leon, holidaying by Lockness, photographed what looked like a mysterious, long, 390 00:30:45,840 --> 00:30:51,000 Speaker 1: shadowy shape moving through the water. What continues to cause 391 00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:59,680 Speaker 1: such sightings remains unexplained. This episode was written by Diane 392 00:30:59,720 --> 00:31:06,120 Speaker 1: Hope and produced by Richard mc lain smith. Unexplained is 393 00:31:06,120 --> 00:31:10,479 Speaker 1: an Avy Club Productions podcast created by Richard mc lean smith. 394 00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:14,400 Speaker 1: All other elements of the podcast, including the music, are 395 00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:18,800 Speaker 1: also produced by me Richard mc lean smith. Unexplained. The 396 00:31:18,800 --> 00:31:22,520 Speaker 1: book and audiobook, with stories never before featured on the show, 397 00:31:22,960 --> 00:31:26,280 Speaker 1: is now available to buy world wide. You can purchase 398 00:31:26,320 --> 00:31:31,400 Speaker 1: from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Waterstones, and other bookstores. Please 399 00:31:31,440 --> 00:31:35,040 Speaker 1: subscribe to and rate the show wherever you get your podcasts, 400 00:31:35,320 --> 00:31:37,640 Speaker 1: and feel free to get in touch with any thoughts 401 00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:40,840 Speaker 1: or ideas regarding the stories you've heard on the show. 402 00:31:41,200 --> 00:31:43,640 Speaker 1: Perhaps you have an explanation of your own you'd like 403 00:31:43,680 --> 00:31:47,280 Speaker 1: to share. You can find out more at Unexplained podcast 404 00:31:47,400 --> 00:31:51,200 Speaker 1: dot com and reach us online through Twitter at Unexplained 405 00:31:51,240 --> 00:31:56,240 Speaker 1: Pod and Facebook at Facebook dot com. Forward Slash Unexplained 406 00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:59,360 Speaker 1: Podcast