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Speaker 1: This episode is brought to you by square Space. Start

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Speaker 1: code History at check out to get teen percent off Squarespace.

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Speaker 1: Build it Beautiful. Welcome to you stuff you missed in

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Speaker 1: history class from hot works dot com. Hello, and welcome

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Speaker 1: to the podcast. I'm Holly Frying and I'm Tracy Vie Wilson.

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Speaker 1: Uh So, the US, as well as many other parts

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Speaker 1: of the world, but we're talking about US today, has

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Speaker 1: a well established farming tradition and livestock is a huge

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Speaker 1: part of that. So when you think about American farming,

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Speaker 1: you may envision herds of cattle, or pig farms or

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Speaker 1: even free range chickens when you think about what the

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Speaker 1: livestock landscape looks like. But there was a time when

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Speaker 1: a very different animal was being considered as a potential

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Speaker 1: source of meat. Uh. This is one of those episodes

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Speaker 1: that turned into two because there is so much wild

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Speaker 1: and really enjoyable stuff here, and even so, uh two

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Speaker 1: of the main characters could easily fill episodes on their

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Speaker 1: own outside of what we include in this episode. And

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Speaker 1: there's even more to this story than we can include

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Speaker 1: in two episodes. But today we're going to talk about

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Speaker 1: those two men in their early lives and what led

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Speaker 1: them to a really wild partnership where they were working

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Speaker 1: to try to convince the U. S. Congress, the press,

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Speaker 1: and wealthy investors that hippo bacon was the food that

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Speaker 1: should be on American plates. I really did just say,

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Speaker 1: hippo bacon. That's a bad idea. This is such a

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Speaker 1: wild story because that in and of itself is kind

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Speaker 1: of like a when I have told people that this

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Speaker 1: is what I was researching to talk about, that sends

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Speaker 1: them into peals of laughter and like they're very excited

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Speaker 1: to talk about it. But then there's so much more

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Speaker 1: because this is a story with spies in it, swampland

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Speaker 1: congress wars, as well as of course hippo's. So in

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Speaker 1: nine ten, the United States was really facing a big

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Speaker 1: meat shortage. Immigration had caused a huge surge in population

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Speaker 1: and the meat industry really couldn't keep up. Its attempts

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Speaker 1: to keep up had led to some pretty dicey and

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Speaker 1: disgusting practices, and additionally, overgrazing of food animals had caused

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Speaker 1: really serious damage to the lands where cattle were normally raised.

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Speaker 1: Things are becoming dire enough that people were considering using

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Speaker 1: dogs as food, which is a normal part of cuisine

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Speaker 1: and other parts of the world, but it's definitely taboo

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Speaker 1: in the United States. Yeah, basically, there were a lot

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Speaker 1: of people brainstorming a lot of different ways that we

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Speaker 1: could supplement the meat um supply here in the US

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Speaker 1: as things were getting really, really quite dire for a

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Speaker 1: lot of people. But the grazing lands that still did

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Speaker 1: work that we're still viable. We're already occupied by cattle

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Speaker 1: and a lot of them. As we said, we're in

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Speaker 1: terrible shape even for that. However, one thing that is

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Speaker 1: very prevalent, particularly in the southeast, are swamps and bayous,

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Speaker 1: and they were not being used for farming. They were

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Speaker 1: largely regarded at this point as waste land. And moreover, uh,

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Speaker 1: the floating water hyacinth that was found in these swamplands

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Speaker 1: was growing out of control. Water hyacinth had originated in

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Speaker 1: the Amazon basin, and it's considered an invasive nuisance plant

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Speaker 1: because it can choke up natural waterways and it's extremely heavy.

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Speaker 1: An acre, which is a little less than half a

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Speaker 1: hector of these plants can weigh as much as two

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Speaker 1: hundred tons. Which is more than a hundred and eighty

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Speaker 1: one thousand kilograms. And the water hyacinth was introduced to

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Speaker 1: the US in eighteen eighty four at the New Orleans Exposition,

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Speaker 1: and it was a gift from the Japanese delegation. But

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Speaker 1: once it was accepted as a gift and moved into

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Speaker 1: the area, it's spread at a downright alarming rate. Water

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Speaker 1: hyacinth actually grows more quickly than any other tested plants. UH.

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Speaker 1: Within seventy years of reaching Florida, this plant had covered

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Speaker 1: an estimated hundred and twenty six thousand acres that's fifty

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Speaker 1: hectares of waterways, and it made them very difficult to

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Speaker 1: traverse by boat. It was really clogging up the existing

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Speaker 1: system I imagine, crowding out other uh other plan and

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Speaker 1: animal life correct. To fight the overgrowing plant species and

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Speaker 1: to try to provide a new answer to what the

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Speaker 1: media was calling the meat question, Robert Brussard, who was

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Speaker 1: a congressman from Louisiana, hatched a plan. They would import hippos.

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Speaker 1: The hippos would theoretically eat all the hyacinth, and then

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Speaker 1: they would be used for their meat. But Brussard couldn't

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Speaker 1: convince the rest of Congress that his idea would work

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Speaker 1: without help from some experts. Uh. In addition to a

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Speaker 1: researcher named William Newton Irwin who actually specialized in fruit

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Speaker 1: trees but was very interested in the viability of this

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Speaker 1: hippo idea, Brussard brought two men together for his team

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Speaker 1: of experts, named Frederick Russell Burnham and Fritz Duchane. Frederick

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Speaker 1: Russell Burnham was an explorer and a really intense man.

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Speaker 1: He's rumored to be one of the potential inspirations for

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Speaker 1: Indiana Jones. He thought that quote civilizing Africa was an

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Speaker 1: important effort. Yeah, that's kind of just a quick We're

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Speaker 1: going to talk a lot more about him in a minute,

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Speaker 1: but that sort of gives you an idea of kind

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Speaker 1: of who he was in terms of being an explorer

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Speaker 1: and a conqueror of sorts. On the other hand, Fritz

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Speaker 1: Duchane was a chameleon. Uh. He was. And this is

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Speaker 1: one of those words that we're going to get a

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Speaker 1: million pronunciation corrections on because there are many different ways

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Speaker 1: to say it. Um. The Dutch or Afrikaan's version my

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Speaker 1: understanding is boer, but boer is very common in the

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Speaker 1: when you you're a native English speaker, or even like

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Speaker 1: just or even bore. Yeah, there are a lot of

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Speaker 1: ways people say this word. So his family were descendants

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Speaker 1: of Dutch settlers who had moved to Africa, and Duquesne

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Speaker 1: really has a fascinating life story. He used numerous aliases

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Speaker 1: throughout his life and in many ways was considered a

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Speaker 1: grade A con man. Both Burnham and Duquesne had fought

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Speaker 1: in the Second Boar War on opposite sides. The Second

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Speaker 1: Boarer War, also called the South African War or the

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Speaker 1: Anglo Boor War, went on from October eleventh, eighteen nine

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Speaker 1: to May thirty first, nineteen o two. Great Britain went

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Speaker 1: to war against two Boar republics, the South African Republic

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Speaker 1: and the Orange Free State. This was an expensive war

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Speaker 1: for Britain, though their troops really far outnumbered the Boar

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Speaker 1: troops at five hundred thousand British troops to the Boers

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Speaker 1: eighty eight thousand. Yeah, you would think they were Uh.

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Speaker 1: They they had the enemy so outgunned that it would

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Speaker 1: be a quick in and out. But it really cost

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Speaker 1: them a lot, both to send the people there in

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Speaker 1: the first place and to maintain it. Uh So In

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Speaker 1: this war, Burnham worked as a spy for the British

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Speaker 1: and Duquesne as a spy for the Boers. The two

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Speaker 1: men were actually given missions to kill one another during

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Speaker 1: the conflict, although they probably never knew each other personally.

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Speaker 1: So that brings up the question of how did they

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Speaker 1: both end up working to bring hippos to Louisiana. So

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Speaker 1: we're gonna tell that story starting with talking about Burnham.

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Speaker 1: And first though, we're gonna have a brief word from

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Speaker 1: a sponsor. So Frederick Russell Burnham, as you said, we're

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Speaker 1: going to talk about him in a bit more detail,

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Speaker 1: was born in southern Minnesota in eighteen sixty one, so

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Speaker 1: during the Dakota War of eighteen sixty two and even

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Speaker 1: after that, the Burnham's often found themselves in danger being

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Speaker 1: white settlers in this area, and at times Frederick's father,

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Speaker 1: who was actually a Presbyterian minister, would arm himself to

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Speaker 1: protect his wife and child against attacks that were sometimes

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Speaker 1: made on white settlers, and there were so times they

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Speaker 1: found themselves in danger of being attacked. When Frederick was

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Speaker 1: two and his father, Edwin was away, his mother Rebecca,

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Speaker 1: saw a group of Lacoda men emerging from the forest

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Speaker 1: near their home. She knew that she could not run

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Speaker 1: from them while also carrying a toddler, so she hid

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Speaker 1: Frederick in a pile of corn and told him to

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Speaker 1: stay still and be quiet. She then ran six miles,

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Speaker 1: which is a little less than ten kilometers. Meanwhile, the

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Speaker 1: Lakoda men she had seen burned the house down, but

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Speaker 1: little Frederick stayed quiet and still as he had been

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Speaker 1: instructed to do, and he was still waiting there silently

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Speaker 1: in the corn pile the next morning when his mother

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Speaker 1: got back. Yeah, that's one of those incidents where, when

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Speaker 1: he recounted it later, he would say that was like

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Speaker 1: the beginning of his training as a scouch in a spy. Uh.

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Speaker 1: He stayed tough as nails throughout his childhood. At the

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Speaker 1: age of nine, he actually punctured a lung when a

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Speaker 1: log fell on him, but he recovered and he continued

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Speaker 1: to be very adventurous. He his spirit did not seem

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Speaker 1: dampened by this injury at all. The family moved briefly

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Speaker 1: to California a couple of years later, although Edwin did

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Speaker 1: not live much longer than that, and after his death,

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Speaker 1: Rebecca returned east and Frederick, who was only thirteen at

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Speaker 1: the time, decided he was going to stay behind and

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Speaker 1: get a job, in part to pay off the money

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Speaker 1: that Rebecca had had to borrow to finance her travel

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Speaker 1: back home. He sort of famed for often riding horse

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Speaker 1: after horse to exhaustion. So he would basically just ride

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Speaker 1: a horse till it couldn't go anymore. He wouldn't take

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Speaker 1: a break, he would just switch to a new mount

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Speaker 1: when that previous one was exhausted, and then he would

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Speaker 1: continue to run messages. And he worked from a base

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Speaker 1: of operations in Los Angeles, and from there he ran

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Speaker 1: roots out to Anaheim, Santa Monica, and Pasadena. So he

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Speaker 1: just was kind of this tireless, hard working, super adventurous kid.

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Speaker 1: And again he was only thirteen when he was doing

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Speaker 1: all of this. When he was fourteen, he briefly lived

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Speaker 1: with relatives in Clinton, Iowa, but he became bored and

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Speaker 1: restless pretty quickly, so he ran away. A year later,

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Speaker 1: he made his way down the Mississippi and a stolen canoe,

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Speaker 1: eventually ending up in Texas. There he met an old

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Speaker 1: scout named Holmes, who taught him all about how to

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Speaker 1: make his way through burying types of terrain, Holmes and

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Speaker 1: other old timers in the area gave burn him a

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Speaker 1: whole education in the skills he would need in survival

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Speaker 1: uh and you know, gave him the knowledge that he

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Speaker 1: would need to prosper on his own. Burnham also became

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Speaker 1: a really expert shooter during this time. He actually practiced

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Speaker 1: to shoot ambidextrously so that he would have equal skill

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Speaker 1: in both hands, and he really got to a point

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Speaker 1: where he had great precision. He also trained himself to

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Speaker 1: handle almost any hardship he might encounter on missions as

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Speaker 1: a scout, So he trained himself to go without food, sleep,

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Speaker 1: and water to endure great pain. And allegedly he trained

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Speaker 1: himself to slow his own heartbeat. And he developed this

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Speaker 1: unique food source that he would use throughout his life.

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Speaker 1: UH that enabled him to travel fairly light and stealthily,

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Speaker 1: and also so he would not have to cook as

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Speaker 1: he traveled, because if you are trying to travel on

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Speaker 1: the download, you don't want to be starting a campfire.

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Speaker 1: So to do this, he would pulverize dried venison into

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Speaker 1: a powder, and then he would mix that powder with

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Speaker 1: flour and bake this into little loaves that he could

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Speaker 1: put in his his little bag, and he could eat

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Speaker 1: a little bit of it each day and keep himself going.

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Speaker 1: This sort of made me think of it being the

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Speaker 1: wild West Scout version of Limbus. I always think that

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Speaker 1: uh lembus is a vegetarian food. But you know that's

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Speaker 1: just me well, just in that it's like this thing

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Speaker 1: that's very sustaining and that you can carry for long

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Speaker 1: periods of time. It wasn't so much the content that

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Speaker 1: made me think of Limbus. So he tried his hand

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Speaker 1: at searching for gold in the American Southwest, but he

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Speaker 1: only met with success one time. He used the money

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Speaker 1: that he got from this one success to go back

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Speaker 1: to Iowa, where he returned to a young lady named

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Speaker 1: Blanche Blick. The two of them got married and moved

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Speaker 1: to Pasadena to start a citrus grove. They weren't very

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Speaker 1: successful at doing this, though, and his restlessness eventually led

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Speaker 1: him to speak adventure again. This time he headed for

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Speaker 1: Africa with his wife and their infant son, Roderick. The

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Speaker 1: three of them departed on New Year's Day and eventually

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Speaker 1: for a price, he would, for example, creep into enemy

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Speaker 1: he would perform discreet acts of sabotage, and he eventually

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Speaker 1: He was also pretty disarming in social situations. He loved

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Speaker 1: entertaining a gathering goes that he was, you know, spending

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Speaker 1: a tale at one of his skirmishes that he had

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Speaker 1: been in Africa, and at one point in the middle

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Speaker 1: I finished this story, And then he gestured casually to

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Speaker 1: a rattlesnake that had been heading towards the group and

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Speaker 1: before that point. Yeah, just cool as a cucumber. I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna get to that snake. Let me finish what I

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Speaker 1: was saying, which then becomes a wonderful, hilarious story in

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Speaker 1: and of itself. It's probably no surprise then that a

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Speaker 1: man like Burnham, who was full of swagger and this

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Speaker 1: sort of old school ma cheesemo, was friends with Theodore Roosevelt.

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Speaker 1: I swear I did not mean to make a Roosevelt series,

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Speaker 1: because I knew we just talked about Alice. But in fact,

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Speaker 1: Burnham made friends with a lot of the lenn High places,

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Speaker 1: particularly if they were men that were like him, that

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Speaker 1: connected with those kinds of people. While he was traveling

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Speaker 1: in Rhodesia, he became friends with Englishman Robert baden Powell,

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Speaker 1: and eventually Baden Powell would found the Boy Scouts, inspired

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Speaker 1: in part by Burnham's adventurous spirit and fortitude. And we're

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Speaker 1: gonna continue to talk about Burnham's life in the time

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Speaker 1: word from one of our sponsors. So people listening to

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Speaker 1: this podcast are probably not surprised that we are lifelong learners,

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Speaker 1: just like a lot of you also are. And that's

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Speaker 1: one of the reasons why we really genuinely love the

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Speaker 1: great courses. We've really enjoyed watching their lecture series Master

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Speaker 1: of War History's Greatest Strategic Thinkers by Professor Andrew Wilson.

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Speaker 1: This really chronicles the earliest examples of military strategy and

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Speaker 1: how these same principles applied to conflicts today. There's actually

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Speaker 1: an entire section about, uh that the evolution of air

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Speaker 1: power in the theory and practice of war because mankind

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Speaker 1: point for hundreds of years, and now all of a sudden,

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Speaker 1: all really changed the whole landscape of how conflict played out. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So we talked about how Burnham was eating these like

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Speaker 1: ride venison cake things, and he continued throughout his life

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Speaker 1: to eat other odd stuff in the interest of not

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Speaker 1: letting his stomach get in the way of what he

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Speaker 1: needed to do. He would live off of milk and

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Speaker 1: ox blood or stolen uncooked corn during his adventures in Africa,

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Speaker 1: even if these were misery to eat. Yeah, if you've

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Speaker 1: that is not easy to eat. There are also stories

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Speaker 1: that he would sometimes eat rotten produce that had been discarded,

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Speaker 1: that he would kind of snatch so that he would

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Speaker 1: stay on the d l keep himself fed, but not

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Speaker 1: not necessarily in the most delightful or yummy of ways. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And while the Burnham's were actually in Africa, they had

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Speaker 1: a second child, the daughter named Nota A, and the

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Speaker 1: family was actually caught in the conflict of the Second

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Speaker 1: Mada Bili War when they were living just outside the

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Speaker 1: city of Bulawayo. And this conflict, combined with a horrible

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Speaker 1: livestock virus, actually resulted in a huge tragedy for Frederick. So,

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Speaker 1: while this colony that they were in was constantly under siege,

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Speaker 1: his two year old daughter not A developed an intense

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Speaker 1: fever and she eventually died. And Uh. When Burnham identified

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Speaker 1: the leader of the uprising that had been behind this

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Speaker 1: attack on the colony, he is said to have tracked

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Speaker 1: him to a cave where he shot him, and Burnham

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Speaker 1: would later write that he the whole time this conflict

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Speaker 1: he had these visions of his wife clutching their dying daughter,

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Speaker 1: and that sort of drove him to this murder. He

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Speaker 1: left Africa the following year chasing rumors of gold once again,

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Speaker 1: but then he abandoned that enterprise when he was called

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Speaker 1: back to Africa to serve in the Second Boer War.

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Speaker 1: After that war was over, he spoke with a great

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Speaker 1: deal of respect about the Boars, and especially he was

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Speaker 1: impressed with their lead scout and another man reporting to

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Speaker 1: the lead scout. He went by the name Black Panther

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Speaker 1: of the Veld. He would later say that the Black Panther,

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Speaker 1: who he had actually spent the war trying to kill,

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Speaker 1: was the craftiest man he had ever met, and in truth,

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Speaker 1: that Black Panther was Fritz Duquine. As we said at

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Speaker 1: the top of the episode, they had actually been assigned

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Speaker 1: to kill each other so that they could eliminate these

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Speaker 1: very stealthy scouts the other side each had. Burnham had

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Speaker 1: actually been captured during this conflict, but he managed to

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Speaker 1: avoid being identified by showing how very smart and philosophical

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Speaker 1: he was, since he knew that the description the Boers

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Speaker 1: had of him described him as an Offish American, and

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Speaker 1: so he kind of led this brief double life. But

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Speaker 1: he eventually made an escape in the dark of night,

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Speaker 1: and he spent the next week's cutting the Bowers supply

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Speaker 1: lines and blowing up their railways after dodging a great

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Speaker 1: deal of fire while he was hunkered down in the brush,

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Speaker 1: Burnhon was eventually retrieved by British forces and he was

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Speaker 1: sent to England to be treated for his injuries. He

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Speaker 1: actually met Winston Churchill on the ship to London. Soon

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Speaker 1: Blanche and the couple's third child, Bruce, joined him. Another

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Speaker 1: tragedy struck, though, because young Bruce later drowned in the Thames.

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Speaker 1: Their oldest son, Roderick, at this point was nineteen and

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Speaker 1: was in school in California. He had actually had a

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Speaker 1: premonition about Bruce's death, which he relayed to his grandmother

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Speaker 1: before they got the news of the child's passing. The

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Speaker 1: Vernons returned to Pasadena once uh Frederick was recovered and

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Speaker 1: they were still grieving Uh. So they were morning and

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Speaker 1: regrouping there, and it was in this time that the

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Speaker 1: scout began working on an article that he would eventually

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Speaker 1: publish in early nineteen ten, and that article was called

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Speaker 1: Transplanting African Animals. And this article, once it came out,

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Speaker 1: immediately got people talking, and because of the meat shortage,

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Speaker 1: all kinds of people wanted to speak with Frederick Burnham.

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Speaker 1: And that's where we're going to cliffhainm this one. In

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Speaker 1: our next episode, we're going to talk more about how

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Speaker 1: Burnham and another wild character worked with Robert Broussard to

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Speaker 1: try to bring hippos to the United States as livestock,

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Speaker 1: which still is a terrible idea, but also terribly funny

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Speaker 1: to think about. It's funny except that hippos are actually

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Speaker 1: really aggressive and territorial and they will look that murder. Oddly,

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Speaker 1: that gets left out of a lot of the discussion. Uh.

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Speaker 1: But in the meantime, I have a couple of pieces

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Speaker 1: of listener mail and I selected these because both of

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Speaker 1: these are people that wrote us about some interesting creative

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Speaker 1: endeavors that they have done related to pod casts that

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Speaker 1: we have also talked related to podcasts that we've done

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Speaker 1: in the past. The first one is from our listener

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Speaker 1: Bradford Johnson, and he says, thank you for your recent

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Speaker 1: presentation on essay Andrea and his ill fated balloon expedition.

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Speaker 1: I was delighted to hear your report on this event

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Speaker 1: as I mounted an art show around Strindberg's photographs called

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Speaker 1: Tangible Dreams of a Dying Explorer in eleven. This was

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Speaker 1: a large scale installation that wol my paintings with the

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Speaker 1: photographic work of my colleague ce Courtney around Strindberg's images.

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Speaker 1: We found the story compelling and illuminating in so many ways.

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Speaker 1: Your exposition of this topic comes full circle for me

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Speaker 1: as I'm a longtime listener to the podcast, as I

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Speaker 1: was undoubtedly tuned in when I was creating those paintings. UH,

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Speaker 1: this is so cool. And I went to Bradford's UH

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Speaker 1: site which is Bradford Johnson dot net and you can

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Speaker 1: see some of this work that he did and it

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Speaker 1: is absolutely beautiful and I encourage people to do it.

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Speaker 1: It is so gorgeous and it's just another neat way

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Speaker 1: to see how um this piece of history has been

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Speaker 1: interpreted by the modern eye and and through art, and

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Speaker 1: it's just another really cool way to engage with it.

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Speaker 1: Our other listener mail is from our listener Sandy, and

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Speaker 1: she writes, hi, Tracy and Holly. I'm fairly new to

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Speaker 1: your podcast and thoroughly enjoyed listening. When I am walking

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Speaker 1: around my home, my hometown in Pullman, Washington, she says, well,

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Speaker 1: I'm intrigued by all your podcasts. I especially related to

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Speaker 1: the episode titled The Woman Who Turned to Soap. My

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Speaker 1: husband is a playwright and in the late nineteen nineties

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Speaker 1: he created a play entitled oddly Enough, The Woman Who

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Speaker 1: Turned to Soap, which is based on the untimely death

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Speaker 1: of Hattie Illingsworth, whose body floated to the top of

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Speaker 1: Late Crescent in n Our small theater group had originally

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Speaker 1: found the story in Jessica Amanda Salmonson's book entitled Phantom Waters.

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Speaker 1: While the ghost tale in this book is fanciful, the

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Speaker 1: true details of the story intrigued us. We worked on

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Speaker 1: the play for a year and a half and ultimately

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Speaker 1: toured it around the Northwest and performed in the Seattle

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Speaker 1: Fringe Festival in During our research on this story, we

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Speaker 1: uncovered some newspaper archives in Port Angele's, Washington, and we

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Speaker 1: spoke to the medical student Harlon McNutt, who was mentioned

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Speaker 1: in your piece. He was in his nineties when we

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Speaker 1: met him, and it was obvious that he loved talking

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Speaker 1: about Hattie's discovery. He was a true gentleman of his era.

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Speaker 1: He told us how excited everyone was when Hattie's body

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Speaker 1: floated to the top of Lake Crescent. He described the

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Speaker 1: body as friable with the consistency of ivory soap. One

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Speaker 1: of the men pried open her mouth with a piece

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Speaker 1: of firewood so they could get a look at her

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Speaker 1: teeth for dental records, which is how she was eventually

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Speaker 1: identified as I recall, he said that a piece of

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Speaker 1: her jaw broke off. He also said that Hattie was

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Speaker 1: wrapped in a blanket and was wearing quote excuse my language, ladies,

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Speaker 1: panties and end quote, but she says, is charming. Their

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Speaker 1: play was mixed media, had live theater, slides, music and

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Speaker 1: video with a mythic sort of Lady of the Lake

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Speaker 1: take on the real events of the day, and it

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Speaker 1: began with a handwashing ritual that was meant that they

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Speaker 1: invited the audience into the sort of the world of

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Speaker 1: the story. She says, if we didn't use I resob

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Speaker 1: we certainly should have. Like Crescent itself is considered eerie,

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Speaker 1: and we were told that the native Collalum's refused to

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Speaker 1: fish there. However, I don't know if that's really true.

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Speaker 1: The lake is rather spooky though, or maybe we were

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Speaker 1: just spooked by our own research. Uh. I love it, Sandra,

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Speaker 1: Thank you so much. That's a really, really cool way

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Speaker 1: again to engage with history. So if you're doing plays

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Speaker 1: or anything based on any of the topics we've covered,

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Speaker 1: I highly encourage you to write us about him, because

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Speaker 1: I love hearing about those kinds of projects. If you

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Speaker 1: would like to write to us, you can do so

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Speaker 1: at History Podcast at how stop works dot com. You

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Speaker 1: can also write it's at Facebook dot com slash misst

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Speaker 1: in history, on Twitter at misst in history, at miss

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Speaker 1: in history dot tumbler dot com, and we're on pinterest

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Speaker 1: dot com slash missed in history so I can't wait

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00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:50,480
Speaker 1: to pin hippo photos. You can also visit missed in

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Speaker 1: History dot spreadshirt dot com if you would like to

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00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:55,359
Speaker 1: purchase some stuff you missed in history class goodies for

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Speaker 1: yourself or your friends. If you would like to learn

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Speaker 1: a little bit more about what we talked about today

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Speaker 1: sort of, you can go to our parents side house

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Speaker 1: to works type in the word hippo and one of

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Speaker 1: the articles that comes up is how does a hippo

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Speaker 1: make its own sunscreen? UH? If you would like to

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00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:12,359
Speaker 1: read that, I highly encourage you to do so. You

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Speaker 1: can also visit us at our home on the web,

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Speaker 1: missed in history dot com, where we have show notes

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Speaker 1: the full archive of all of our episodes going way

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Speaker 1: back to even before Tracy and I were ever involved

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00:24:22,760 --> 00:24:24,879
Speaker 1: in the show, UH in a whole lot more so,

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Speaker 1: we encourage you to do a little extra research at

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00:24:27,320 --> 00:24:29,440
Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com and missed in History dot

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00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:37,680
Speaker 1: com for more on this and thousands of other topics.

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Speaker 1: Does it has to work stat