1
00:00:01,920 --> 00:00:06,480
Speaker 1: Welcome to brain Stuff production of I Heart Radio. Hey

2
00:00:06,480 --> 00:00:10,000
Speaker 1: brain Stuff, Lauren vogal bomb here. We tend to think

3
00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:12,319
Speaker 1: about our blood type when we give blood or get

4
00:00:12,320 --> 00:00:15,320
Speaker 1: a blood transfusion, or when we explore blood type personality

5
00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:19,000
Speaker 1: theories for fun or fat diets. So, depending on your

6
00:00:19,040 --> 00:00:22,360
Speaker 1: personal habits, your consideration of blood types or blood groups

7
00:00:22,400 --> 00:00:25,520
Speaker 1: as scientists do refer to them, might range from rarely

8
00:00:25,560 --> 00:00:29,240
Speaker 1: ever to pretty much all the time. But how much

9
00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:32,640
Speaker 1: do other animals think about their blood types? Well, presumably never,

10
00:00:32,680 --> 00:00:35,800
Speaker 1: given what we know about animal cognition, But we humans

11
00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:39,200
Speaker 1: do think about other animals because sometimes our animals receive

12
00:00:39,240 --> 00:00:41,800
Speaker 1: blood transfusions too, and we want to make sure the

13
00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:43,960
Speaker 1: blood that we're giving a ferret or a dog or

14
00:00:44,080 --> 00:00:49,240
Speaker 1: parakeet doesn't cause blood incompatibility reaction. That's a negative reaction

15
00:00:49,400 --> 00:00:53,120
Speaker 1: causing the recipient's immune system to attack foreign blood producing

16
00:00:53,159 --> 00:00:56,560
Speaker 1: antibodies against the red blood cell proteins or antigens in

17
00:00:56,720 --> 00:01:01,040
Speaker 1: the donated blood. Although all animals have blood groups, every

18
00:01:01,080 --> 00:01:03,760
Speaker 1: species has a different system, and we know the most

19
00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:07,880
Speaker 1: about the systems of domesticated mammals. The human blood group

20
00:01:07,920 --> 00:01:11,280
Speaker 1: system is based on three different antigens A, B, and O.

21
00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:14,680
Speaker 1: The possible blood types we could have are A, B,

22
00:01:15,080 --> 00:01:17,760
Speaker 1: A B, and O, and each one of these can

23
00:01:17,800 --> 00:01:21,280
Speaker 1: be either r H positive or negative. Type O negative

24
00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:24,360
Speaker 1: blood is generally considered to be universally accepted by any

25
00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:27,720
Speaker 1: other blood type, and type A B positive can receive

26
00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:31,360
Speaker 1: any other type. Dogs, for their part, have more than

27
00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:34,240
Speaker 1: eight different antigens that can attach to their red blood cells,

28
00:01:34,640 --> 00:01:37,839
Speaker 1: most of them labeled dog a wreth site antigen. Those

29
00:01:37,880 --> 00:01:40,320
Speaker 1: eight types are d E A one point one, one

30
00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:45,200
Speaker 1: point to three, four, five, six, and seven. Often individuals

31
00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:47,360
Speaker 1: within a specific breed of dog will have the same

32
00:01:47,400 --> 00:01:51,120
Speaker 1: blood type. For instance, sixt of greyhounds fall into the

33
00:01:51,240 --> 00:01:54,200
Speaker 1: D E A one point one negative blood group the

34
00:01:54,440 --> 00:01:58,520
Speaker 1: universal dog donor, but new canine blood groups are still

35
00:01:58,600 --> 00:02:02,440
Speaker 1: being detected. The recently discovered dal blood group, for example,

36
00:02:02,680 --> 00:02:06,720
Speaker 1: is only found in Dalmatians. Caps, on the other hand,

37
00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:10,520
Speaker 1: have only two possible antigens A and B, though they

38
00:02:10,520 --> 00:02:13,560
Speaker 1: aren't the same antigens A and B found on human blood.

39
00:02:14,240 --> 00:02:17,440
Speaker 1: There is no universal donor or recipient feline blood groups,

40
00:02:17,720 --> 00:02:21,359
Speaker 1: but the vast majority around of domestic cats have type

41
00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:24,959
Speaker 1: A blood, while purebreads are often type B. A B

42
00:02:25,160 --> 00:02:29,880
Speaker 1: is also possible but very rare. Like dogs, horse blood

43
00:02:29,919 --> 00:02:33,000
Speaker 1: groups are loosely organized along breed lines, but there are

44
00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:39,880
Speaker 1: thirty different groups and they represent combinations of eight different antigens. A, C, D, K, P, Q,

45
00:02:40,200 --> 00:02:46,240
Speaker 1: and U are internationally recognized, while T is still being researched. Cows, meanwhile,

46
00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:52,639
Speaker 1: are tricky because there are eleven major blood groups A, B, C, F, J, L, M, R, S, T,

47
00:02:52,919 --> 00:02:56,320
Speaker 1: and Z, but the B group alone includes over sixty

48
00:02:56,360 --> 00:03:01,799
Speaker 1: different antigens, making blood matches for transfusions tough. No one

49
00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:05,160
Speaker 1: is entirely sure why different blood types exist, though in

50
00:03:05,280 --> 00:03:07,600
Speaker 1: humans and other animals, it's thought to have to do

51
00:03:07,639 --> 00:03:11,240
Speaker 1: with evolutionary selection regarding disease immunity, since we do know

52
00:03:11,360 --> 00:03:19,440
Speaker 1: that we inherit our blood antigens from our parents. Today's

53
00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:22,160
Speaker 1: episode was written by Jesselyn Shields and produced by Tyler Clang.

54
00:03:22,480 --> 00:03:24,360
Speaker 1: For more on this and lots of other curious topics,

55
00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:27,280
Speaker 1: visit how stuffworks dot com. Brain Stuff is a production

56
00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:29,800
Speaker 1: of I Heart Radio. For more podcasts from my heart Radio,

57
00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:32,680
Speaker 1: visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you

58
00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:33,880
Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.