Speaker 1: I think this is my seventh birthday, and this is
Speaker 1: the last birthday that I celebrated. For the eighth and
Speaker 1: ninth birthdays, I didn't celebrate it. My parents were saving
Speaker 1: for me to come here. This is right in our
Speaker 1: backyard underneath like the avocado trees, and there's a party
Speaker 1: outside my cat end that's playing in the back And
Speaker 1: those are my friends. That's my cousin. And out of
Speaker 1: all those boys, all of them have left and they're
Speaker 1: all in the United States. Oh, it's my grandpa. He's young,
Speaker 1: he's fatter, he still looks strong and very and very imposing.
Speaker 1: He's scary.
Speaker 2: Why she's so lively.
Speaker 1: My Grandma's like even like her hand motions and everything,
Speaker 1: she's very lively.
Speaker 2: She's like saying thank you.
Speaker 1: And the weird part is that she's talking to my
Speaker 1: mom and my dad in the United States, and she's like,
Speaker 1: I hope that this party met your expectations, like you
Speaker 1: gave us money to provide for your kid, and and
Speaker 1: we hope that you met your like saying that you
Speaker 1: had imagined in your head. She was like my mom,
Speaker 1: the coyote that brought me here. He would visit I
Speaker 1: think almost twice a year to see how old I was.
Speaker 1: He was gauging to see if I could make the trip,
Speaker 1: so we started this relationship. Last time I saw him,
Speaker 1: he said, next time, you just have to be ready,
Speaker 1: and I had my bags just waiting. I knew that
Speaker 1: I was going to leave, it just didn't know when.
Speaker 1: And I don't remember what day it was, but then
Speaker 1: my grandpa woke me up and it's like, you have
Speaker 1: to go shower now. My aunt and my grandma made
Speaker 1: breakfast and they were crying. My grandpa and I walked
Speaker 1: out the door and it was dawn and the dogs
Speaker 1: were barking, and the sun hadn't broken through yet, so
Speaker 1: it was like this blueish tint all over and I
Speaker 1: just walked out onto the road and took a left
Speaker 1: all the way to the pier, which is where the
Speaker 1: buses stopped, and so in that that was the last
Speaker 1: time that I walked through my entire town. My grandpa
Speaker 1: left me and Watemala, and we had stayed there for
Speaker 1: fifteen days. But my grandpa couldn't go anymore. So I
Speaker 1: remember him walking us to the bus and I was
Speaker 1: the last one to get on, and I was saying
Speaker 1: goodbye to my Grandpa and he was wearing a white
Speaker 1: polo shirt, black shoes and black belt and blue jeans,
Speaker 1: and he was in the middle of the road and he.
Speaker 2: Was just waving.
Speaker 1: When I left, I wasn't thinking about the time apart
Speaker 1: from them. I was mostly happy that I was en
Speaker 1: route to be reunited with my parents. It wasn't until
Speaker 1: much later that I began to understand that I wasn't
Speaker 1: going to see with my grandparents again.
Speaker 3: From Fudromedia and PRX, It's Latino USA. I'm Mariano JSA
Speaker 3: and today the return. Twenty years ago, poet and writer
Speaker 3: Javier Samora traveled to the US Mexico border as a child,
Speaker 3: a life changing journey that haavi had ended up writing
Speaker 3: about in his book of poetry It's called Unaccompanied. It
Speaker 3: garnered a lot of attention for Haavied. In fact, it
Speaker 3: got him a Northern California Book Award and a fellowship
Speaker 3: at Harvard. Then, on January eighth, twenty eighteen, Faviert woke
Speaker 3: up to a phone call from his mom, and again
Speaker 3: things would drastically change for him and for his family.
Speaker 2: She was crying, saying he announced it. Give what I said?
Speaker 2: Good said, what are we going to do.
Speaker 3: Trump had just announced that he would not be renewing
Speaker 3: Temporary Protected status for Salvadorans. In two thousand and one,
Speaker 3: nearly two hundred thousand Salvadorans received Temporary Protected status, or
Speaker 3: TPS after a powerful earthquake hit the country. TPS allowed
Speaker 3: them to live and work in the US until it
Speaker 3: was safe to return back to a Salvador. But with
Speaker 3: Trump's announcement essentially ending this protected status, Javiere's life in
Speaker 3: the US was thrown into question. After living here for
Speaker 3: almost twenty years most of his life, now he faced
Speaker 3: the possibility of having to leave it all behind in
Speaker 3: order to stay in the US. Javiet decided to apply
Speaker 3: for an EB one visa, which is otherwise known as
Speaker 3: the Extraordinary Abilities Visa, and in order to apply, he
Speaker 3: would have to return to a Salvador in person, his
Speaker 3: first trip back in almost two decades. We wanted to
Speaker 3: help Haayid share his experience, so producer Saah Kivilo worked
Speaker 3: with him to document his journey with audio diaries, interviews,
Speaker 3: and other recordings. This story originally aired in twenty eighteen,
Speaker 3: and since then in twenty twenty two, have yet published
Speaker 3: Solito a memoir, which became a New York Times bestseller.
Speaker 3: The book has been widely praised for its raw, personal
Speaker 3: portrayal of his immigration experience. And so, dear listener, we're
Speaker 3: happy to bring you this award winning Latino USA back
Speaker 3: for you to listen to today. And remember just a
Speaker 3: warning that this story contains some language that might not
Speaker 3: be suitable for younger years. We're going to begin Haayer's
Speaker 3: story on a particularly important date for him. That date
Speaker 3: is June tenth, and that's the date that Haayid first
Speaker 3: arrived in the United States at nine years old and alone.
Speaker 3: It's also the day before you returned to El Salvador
Speaker 3: nineteen years later.
Speaker 1: It's June tenth. I'm alone at home. It's nineteen years today.
Speaker 1: I haven't packed. I leave tomorrow. Yesterday I babysat a kid,
Speaker 1: a four year old with Brittany. At the end. He
Speaker 1: chose four books for me to read to him, and
Speaker 1: one of them was Talked to Sue's All the Places
Speaker 1: You Will Go, And after Brittany read it to him,
Speaker 1: he said that it made him feel better and he
Speaker 1: was hugging me.
Speaker 2: And now I'm home.
Speaker 1: I woke up with Brittany, and I feel good about leaving,
Speaker 1: and I don't know when that changed, because I've been
Speaker 1: scared and there's something about this date that is full circle.
Speaker 4: Okay.
Speaker 1: On June tenth, the day before I left to us
Speaker 1: about I had dinner with my mom and my aunts. Well,
Speaker 1: you started talking, you know, about the trip, and my
Speaker 1: little cousin Tonito really surprised me. You are nine, and
Speaker 1: how do you think you would feel if you were going?
Speaker 5: I feel happy, like right now, I feel happy for
Speaker 5: you guys are going there and seeing my grandma and
Speaker 5: my grandpa, and I wish you luck.
Speaker 1: Any advice if you were to go to a place
Speaker 1: that you've never been to, what would you bring?
Speaker 5: I would want to bring my parents your parents, yeah,
Speaker 5: so that they could go with me.
Speaker 1: As I think that is the just natural feeling of
Speaker 1: a little kid the same age as me when I
Speaker 1: came here, that all you want is your parents and
Speaker 1: to be with them and bring them everywhere. I think
Speaker 1: just that feeling. I want to bring my parents and
Speaker 1: it always makes me cry because that's what I wanted
Speaker 1: when I immigrated by myself, all I wanted to be was
Speaker 1: to be with my parents. I was thinking about this
Speaker 1: from San Francisco to Houston. In Houston, I think it
Speaker 1: really began to kick in. By then, I was like, Okay,
Speaker 1: am I going to come back? Am I going to
Speaker 1: return to this? How am I going to return from this?
Speaker 1: I was thinking about seeing my grandparents for the first
Speaker 1: time in nineteen years. After I got here, my grandparents
Speaker 1: and I mostly communicated over the phone, like how are
Speaker 1: you doing, how it's how's the United States?
Speaker 2: How's work? How's the weather? Okay?
Speaker 1: I love you by I feel like they hide a
Speaker 1: lot of things from us, and also we hide a
Speaker 1: lot of things from them.
Speaker 3: Presently here for the next few minutes.
Speaker 1: So when I land and I go through the checkpoint,
Speaker 1: and I get a whiff of the humidity, and I
Speaker 1: get to the road, my Grandpa's waiting there. I think
Speaker 1: he's wearing white again. He's wearing a white polo. Maybe
Speaker 1: he always wears white polos. I don't know, but at
Speaker 1: crucial moments he always wears the same outfit. Before I
Speaker 1: was five, he was rarely in the picture because he
Speaker 1: was working. But when he was in the picture, he
Speaker 1: was drunk. The one memory that I remember it was
Speaker 1: him coming in through the door the back door, pounding it.
Speaker 1: He was drunk and on something else and I was four,
Speaker 1: and he bursts through and he started arguing.
Speaker 2: And throwing.
Speaker 1: He was throwing stuff and like cursing my grandma out.
Speaker 1: That happened multiple times.
Speaker 6: Okay, I bet he still has a huge gut, but
Speaker 6: he's frail.
Speaker 5: Yeah, yeah, ye.
Speaker 1: The meat has been taken away from him, and with it,
Speaker 1: like the dynamic has changed. I'm less scared and now
Speaker 1: I'm bigger. The moment I get in the car, I
Speaker 1: start commenting on what I remember, like automatically, like on queue,
Speaker 1: and I try to remember the way home. First thing
Speaker 1: I noticed there's now a solar panel field. And then
Speaker 1: we keep on driving and the sugarcane fields are still there,
Speaker 1: but now we have like a little thing that says bimeniosa,
Speaker 1: welcome to Lera Lura, right near the cemetery. I remember
Speaker 1: the cemetery being this huge thing, and the cemetery was
Speaker 1: like a block big, and in my head it felt
Speaker 1: like half a mile. And so we take it right
Speaker 1: of a new road that they've just built with new houses,
Speaker 1: and I'm commenting on it, and then I don't even
Speaker 1: recognize the clinic that I lived in front of so
Speaker 1: he parks. The car parks and my grandpa starts to
Speaker 1: get out, and I'm like, what are we here?
Speaker 2: I didn't remember. My Grandma opens the door.
Speaker 1: She's in her nightgown and she looks around to see
Speaker 1: if anybody's looking. And she doesn't get out of the house.
Speaker 1: She waits for me to get in. And she is
Speaker 1: way different than what I remembered. My grandma was this
Speaker 1: joyful woman, like who would always be dressed to the nines,
Speaker 1: who would do her makeup, who would take care of
Speaker 1: her hair. She's not that personal anymore. She's seeing a
Speaker 1: shadow of who she was. She's frail, her arms are
Speaker 1: so skinny, there's like dreads in the back of her hair.
Speaker 1: She doesn't care for her hair anymore. And I hugged her,
Speaker 1: and she didn't hug me fully. She put one of
Speaker 1: her hands in between her chests and mind, I'm gonna
Speaker 1: protect my chest where my heart is.
Speaker 2: And that's what she did.
Speaker 1: Whenever I thought of seeing my grandparents, I imagine this big,
Speaker 1: dramatic moment where I would run up to them and
Speaker 1: hung them crying, my Grandma crying, hugging me. I imagine
Speaker 1: staying up talking with them.
Speaker 2: I wanted.
Speaker 1: To take them out on a walk to the market
Speaker 1: or to the peer.
Speaker 2: That's what I wanted most. When we return, I feel down.
Speaker 2: I really hope that I can go back to the
Speaker 2: United States stay with us.
Speaker 4: Yes, hey, we're back.
Speaker 3: And last we had heard Salvador and poet Jaber Samora
Speaker 3: had just returned to Ol Salvador for the first time
Speaker 3: in nineteen years, and he was settling into his grandparents' home,
Speaker 3: which is the home he lived in as a young boy.
Speaker 1: There's still pictures, one of my mom, one of my dad,
Speaker 1: one of my aunts, and one of me, and that's
Speaker 1: the first thing you see. And the fridge is new,
Speaker 1: but he's still in the same place that it used
Speaker 1: to be. The TV is newer, but he's still in
Speaker 1: the same place that it used to be.
Speaker 2: Oh, the roof changed. The roof used to be terracoda.
Speaker 1: Roof and now it's a there's like steel that you
Speaker 1: can hear when it when it rains, keeps you up.
Speaker 1: There are get goos. Now there's like an infestation that
Speaker 1: like squeak like birds that keep you up as well.
Speaker 1: I still showered outside, so.
Speaker 2: Everything hadn't changed that much. As part of the visa appointment.
Speaker 1: I had to go to this doctor in the capitol
Speaker 1: and do a lot of tests, and once that was approved,
Speaker 1: I could go to the embassy. Today, I went to
Speaker 1: the doctor's appointment, and once up there, they asked why
Speaker 1: I was getting the visa, and I explained that I
Speaker 1: have a book with the moment I meant, shouldn't Stanford
Speaker 1: at Harvard. He treated me differently, and then this like
Speaker 1: an hour later, the doctor actually saw me, and the
Speaker 1: first thing he says, you know, they already told me
Speaker 1: about you.
Speaker 2: I'm really proud of you.
Speaker 1: And I thought I was gonna go fine, and then
Speaker 1: he begins asking me about drugs, and then he told
Speaker 1: me to be honest, so I don't know if I
Speaker 1: did the right thing or not. And then I told
Speaker 1: him that I had tried marijuana before, and had I
Speaker 1: been stopped or arrested? And I said no, and under
Speaker 1: him breath he told me he said, you guys always
Speaker 1: put yourself up in Spanish. But then then he kept
Speaker 1: im pressing me. Had I try other drugs, had I
Speaker 1: try marry one of more than once?
Speaker 2: Et cetera, et cetera.
Speaker 1: I really hope that that doesn't hurt my chances, and
Speaker 1: I was just being honest, and I guess that's what's stupid.
Speaker 1: We'll see what I happen weapons But I'm really I
Speaker 1: feel down. I really hope that I can go back
Speaker 1: to the United States. I really hope that I didn't
Speaker 1: up today.
Speaker 2: I couldn't leave the house.
Speaker 1: So it was like when I was a little kid again,
Speaker 1: but this time it was kind of my grandparents telling
Speaker 1: me not to leave the house. But it's also myself.
Speaker 1: I didn't feel safe leaving the house, and I was
Speaker 1: afraid to leave because I'm a stranger there and nobody
Speaker 1: would really know me.
Speaker 2: So I was scared that I would.
Speaker 1: Be misidentified as a potential outsider gangster, and just that
Speaker 1: made me feel unwelcomed.
Speaker 2: Yeah, young, young, and.
Speaker 1: Yet so I asked my grandparents, how do they feel
Speaker 1: that they are part of my poetry and that other
Speaker 1: people are reading these poems and the other people and
Speaker 1: like in colleges and universities are reading them. And my
Speaker 1: grandma says that she's happy, and my grandpa says that
Speaker 1: he's proud. And then when people ask how I'm doing, oh, well,
Speaker 1: he's he's very that I'm like studied, learned, so I've
Speaker 1: read my grandma poems in Spanish, but not the ones
Speaker 1: about domestic violence. We didn't suffer the war, but my
Speaker 1: grandpa brought the war into the domestic sphere. We all
Speaker 1: still love him, you know, there's like a bad that
Speaker 1: figure and who it's still my grandpa and it's still
Speaker 1: my mom's dad, but silence is definitely still a big
Speaker 1: part of our relationship. Today we went to start at
Speaker 1: the Kaluka, which is in the news and everywhere. It's
Speaker 1: one of the most dangerous places because of the gangs
Speaker 1: here in this department. And it was so interesting to
Speaker 1: go with my grandpa to pick up his remittances and
Speaker 1: the bank was full today. My Grandma was supposed to
Speaker 1: go with us, but she didn't. She's still stuck in
Speaker 1: her house. Feel kind of bad that I didn't. I
Speaker 1: wasn't able to get her out, but I'm gonna try again.
Speaker 1: I was asking why, Grandma, and she didn't say anything.
Speaker 1: It had been three four years since my grandma has
Speaker 1: left the house. So I really hope that I was
Speaker 1: going to be the one, you know, the one that
Speaker 1: she raised like a son, that I was going to
Speaker 1: be the one to finally get her out.
Speaker 2: And maybe you're going to go back to who you work.
Speaker 2: I think her isolation has a lot to do with
Speaker 2: cultural expectations.
Speaker 1: She had three daughters and a grandson who is like
Speaker 1: a son to her, and we all left in culturely,
Speaker 1: at least one of us is supposed to stay there
Speaker 1: and help her out, and so I think all of
Speaker 1: that has taken a physical and emotional toll on her.
Speaker 1: My grandpa lives at the opposite end of the house.
Speaker 1: It's like it's own. He has his own kitchen, he
Speaker 1: has his own room. In the morning, he goes and
Speaker 1: wakes my grandma up and asks her what she wants
Speaker 1: for breakfast, and then he takes a moto taxi to
Speaker 1: Al Marcalo. He brings back the stuff, He goes back
Speaker 1: and he retreats into his kitchen. After that he reads
Speaker 1: the paper, and then he goes out into the field.
Speaker 1: He's constantly cutting the grass. That's like his thing. And
Speaker 1: then he eats again, and then he goes back to
Speaker 1: the fields to burn leaves and trash, and then he
Speaker 1: retreats and watches No l Las and has dinner and
Speaker 1: then goes to sleep. He does it every single day.
Speaker 1: My grandma's day is literally at the opposite end of
Speaker 1: the house. My grandpa goes out and brings my grandma food,
Speaker 1: so she has to wait for that. She watches TV
Speaker 1: or listens to the radio. Then she sleeps and then
Speaker 1: she watches an La at night. And it's all in
Speaker 1: that little room. So I had hurt my knee, so
Speaker 1: I couldn't run. I had graduated physical therapy the week
Speaker 1: before I leave to Olsavler. I started this job to
Speaker 1: run regiment in like my backyard, learning to run again.
Speaker 1: And so every day I would watch a soccer game.
Speaker 1: This is during the World Cup. I would watch a
Speaker 1: soccer game, and in between game one and game two,
Speaker 1: I would put my shoes on and go to the
Speaker 1: backyard and create my own little track in front of
Speaker 1: the house.
Speaker 2: Through in between the well and.
Speaker 1: The out house, take a left through the orange tree,
Speaker 1: all the way up to the corn fields, and round
Speaker 1: around the sapota tree all the way back, take a
Speaker 1: ride at the coconut and then go along the fence
Speaker 1: and then I'm back to the front of the house.
Speaker 1: That was my running track, and I think that's what
Speaker 1: I wanted to do. I wanted to run away from there.
Speaker 2: Slowly.
Speaker 1: Every day that passed, I realized that I did not
Speaker 1: belong there, and I began to get exasperated. I did
Speaker 1: not feel free. I was there like four weeks. Five
Speaker 1: people were killed during the time that I was there,
Speaker 1: and once I heard the gunshots in the morning. If
Speaker 1: I didn't hear the gunshots that night, I would hear
Speaker 1: the bells ring, and that and my cousins and everybody
Speaker 1: knows that if they ring in the morning, that means
Speaker 1: there's a mass and somebody was shot, and the news
Speaker 1: travels fast. All those things made me feel unsafe and
Speaker 1: that this was not where I belonged anymore. Yesterday I
Speaker 1: was freaking out. Yesterday was June thirtieth, two days before
Speaker 1: my appointment. I felt like I wanted to get away
Speaker 1: from the house and go back to the United States.
Speaker 1: And I think the trauma that I've seen in the
Speaker 1: house really got to me yesterday too. So, yeah, that
Speaker 1: was yesterday. Yesterday was the hardest day I've spent here.
Speaker 1: Two days a day before. It's July one. This is
Speaker 1: the day before my appointment. Okay, my grandma likes soccer,
Speaker 1: and I think while watching soccer, we bonded and we
Speaker 1: started to talk more and slowly, I'll began to like.
Speaker 2: Ask questions about.
Speaker 1: Like how does it feel that your daughters that you
Speaker 1: haven't seen your daughters, or how you feel that I'm here.
Speaker 1: She certainly does miss us, but my Grandma's always returns
Speaker 1: to But I understand why. I think my grandma probably
Speaker 1: thinks that we all left because she was a bad mom,
Speaker 1: and I think she's failed to move on from that
Speaker 1: stage of grief, grieving the people that she.
Speaker 2: Raised in our family.
Speaker 1: She's the physical embodiment of what immigration does to a
Speaker 1: person and to a family. The day before my visa appointment,
Speaker 1: I didn't let myself think about my life in the
Speaker 1: United States. I didn't let myself think about what I
Speaker 1: would be leaving behind in the United States. I didn't
Speaker 1: let my mind go there because it would be too
Speaker 1: sad and too traumatic. And that's how I cope with things,
Speaker 1: just by ignoring them.
Speaker 2: I woke up five am.
Speaker 1: I had put the outfit out last night that was
Speaker 1: still freaking out and nervous, and then my grandpa went
Speaker 1: with me. He was wearing blue jeans and a white polo.
Speaker 1: That's what he chose this morning. There was my grandpa
Speaker 1: who accompanied me up to the Guatemala in Mexico border.
Speaker 1: That was in nineteen ninety nine, and he insisted that
Speaker 1: he walked me to the embassy. He knew that he
Speaker 1: wasn't going to be let in and he has a
Speaker 1: cane now, but he insisted.
Speaker 2: We crossed the road and he.
Speaker 1: Hugged me, and then I went through the security because
Speaker 1: only the person who's appointment it is is allowed past
Speaker 1: security in the embassy. And then I went in and
Speaker 1: I was by myself, and I saw him walk away
Speaker 1: on his cane, and it was the perfect I don't know, closing.
Speaker 2: To that chapter, and then I woke up.
Speaker 1: Oh. She asked what was my name, where I lived
Speaker 1: in the United States, where I lived in Ilsavadora, where
Speaker 1: I was going to return to, and for what? And
Speaker 1: then she asked what my visa was about. And then
Speaker 1: she took a moment to go and ask her supervisor
Speaker 1: for something, and then she came back and she said
Speaker 1: that I got approved and then it was done. M h.
Speaker 1: I haven't recorded in a while, and I think it's
Speaker 1: because I feel a lot better after knowing that I
Speaker 1: will get.
Speaker 2: That I got the visa.
Speaker 1: But today I got notified that I could pick up
Speaker 1: my passport, which I'm gonna go pick up tomorrow, which
Speaker 1: made me get a flight, and the cheapest flight is
Speaker 1: this Wednesday. And I hugged my grandma today. I told
Speaker 1: her that I was sad. She said that she's gonna
Speaker 1: be sad to see me leave, and then we hugged.
Speaker 1: She stopped stretching her arms out, pushing me away when
Speaker 1: I hug her.
Speaker 2: Okay, I'll stop there.
Speaker 1: So I asked my grandpa how he feels about me leaving,
Speaker 1: and then he said that things are gonna feel more lonely.
Speaker 1: There's a return to solitude. Just also, she's like, you're
Speaker 1: not that little boy that left.
Speaker 2: Now you're grown.
Speaker 1: She is very happy that I got my papers. And
Speaker 1: then she also apologizes for not as she described tending
Speaker 1: to me how she would have wanted to people. When
Speaker 1: I said that she doesn't have to apologize for anything,
Speaker 1: she said, she's gonna be waiting next time that I
Speaker 1: go there. You leave a country trying to make a
Speaker 1: life of it here in order to send money over there,
Speaker 1: but then at the end of the day, after sacrifice
Speaker 1: and sacrifice in this other country, does this not treat
Speaker 1: you well? You're kind of face with like Oh, did
Speaker 1: I make a wrong decision by leaving my family and
Speaker 1: the people that I love Because look at the emotional
Speaker 1: and physical told that my departure has caused. My entire
Speaker 1: family is facing that right now, and we don't know
Speaker 1: what that answer is. I want to go back to
Speaker 1: try to mend all those years that I couldn't go back,
Speaker 1: and to show my grandmother we still do care and
Speaker 1: that I still care.
Speaker 3: Our episode was produced by Serve and edited by Sophia
Speaker 3: Palissa Carr, with additional editing from Marlon Bishop. It was
Speaker 3: mixed by Stephanie Lebau. The La You Know USA team
Speaker 3: includes Julia Cruso, Jessica Ellis, Victoria Strada, Renaldo Lanos Junior,
Speaker 3: Andrea Lopez Gruzado, Lies Luna Glri, mar Marquez, Marta Martinez,
Speaker 3: Nor Saudi, and Nancy Juillo. Benide Ramirez is our co
Speaker 3: executive producer along with myself and I'm your host Mariano
Speaker 3: Rosa join us again on our next episode. I'll see
Speaker 3: you on social media and made Yes Bye.
Speaker 7: Latino USA is made possible in part by the Ford Foundation,
Speaker 7: working with visionaries on the front lines of social change worldwide.
Speaker 2: The John D.
Speaker 7: And Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the Heising Simons Foundation.
Speaker 7: Unlocking knowledge, opportunity, and possibilities. More at hsfoundation dot org